No student who hopes to compete in today's rapidly evolving global economy and job market can afford to graduate from high school with weak mathematical skills, which include the ability to use logic, reason, and solve problems. The benefits associated with improving the math performance of American students also extend to the larger U.S. economy. Highlights of this paper include: (1) American students lag far behind other industrialized nations in math skills; and (2) Requiring more students to take advanced math would boost America's economic competitiveness and wealth. (Contains 10 endnotes.)