[funding for this presentation was made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu, the newman's own foundation, and the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation.]

>> presented by kcet los angeles. funding for this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu, newman's own foundation, the jaumplet d. and catherine t. mcauthor foundation and union bank. [music plays] >> union bank has put its financial strength to work for a wide range of companies, from small businesses to major corporations. what can we do for you? >> and now, bbc world news.

>> hamid karzai hangs on to the afghan presidency. but a phone call from the white house talks of a messy election and insists on action against corruption. more terror on the streets of pakistan. multiple bombs killed dozens in rawalpindi and lahore. war crimes suspect radovan karadzic promise he will be present at his trial on tuesday. welcome to bbc world news. broadcast on pbs in america and around the grob. later, blood diamonds. campaigners say human rights abuses in zimbab we mean it should be kicked out of international gem markets. a booming oil business in texas and melting glaciers in the himalayas. two sides of the climate change debate.

>> hello to ending weeks of uncertain, hamid karzai is declared the winner of afghanistan's election. with his only rival out of the race, the runoff triggered by first-round fraud has been abandoned but leaves a mess of questions unanswered. president obama has spoken to president karzai isaiah about corruption and about writing a new cheapter. the latest from washington in a moment. first this from kabul. >> it's cost millions of pounds and dozens of lives to get to this moment and it came in a small, packed room on the outskirts of kabul. >> we declare that mr. hamid karzai, which got the majority of votes in the first round and he is the only candidate for the second round of elections for afghanistan in 2009, be

declared the elected president of afghanistan. >> the heads of the election board was besieged with questions about fraud, corruption, and how a man who won less than half the vote could be president again. >> are you not embarrassed by the way this is being conducted? >> why? >> because you've been forced to withdraw a second round. >> that was our duty. the constitution [inaudible]. >> world leaders have rushed to congratulate hamid karzai. but he emerges weaker than ever. in charge of a country more divided and dangerous than at any point in the last eight years. >> the country was not ready. i want to say that, please, check your history in your countries when you are in the very early stages of first or second round of your elections. don't compare us with your experience of 100 years of conduct elections and our experience of few years. >> this is how the election

went wrong. just days after the votes, we were shown hundreds of ballots for one candidate discarted and torn up. millions of votes were discountdown and the credibility of the vote lost. but it is afghans who stand to lose the most. this man's son died outside his shop in a taliban bomb targeting foreign troops. >> he wants what most afghans have never known -- peace and security. it's the most important challenge facing his new president and the international community. >> the afghan presidential election is finally over. tonight there is relief in london, washington, and here in kabul. but with the security situation continuing to deteriorate and a newly re-elected president even weaker than he was before, the challenges facing afghans and their international sponsors remain daunting.

>> let's go straight to washington. our special correspondent is there. it seems the other question going around political circles in kabul at the moment is whether that election commission actually has the right to discard the second round runoff and announce that hamid karzai is president. i know you can't comment on that from there. but it does seem in that phone call between the white house and the kabul presidency, it was a pretty frosty one? >> i think it was pretty frosty. president obama gave congratulations to president karzai isaiah but they were frankly lukewarm. he was pleased that the final outcome was determined in accordance with afghan law. now the white house encourages hamid karzai to take action quickly that can boost his credibility in the eyes of afghans and the international community. >> i did emphasize to president karzai that the person people and the international community as a whole want to continue to partner with him and his

government in achieving prosperity and security in afghanistan, but i emphasized that this has to be a point in time in which we begin to write a new chapter based on improved governance, a much more serious effort to eradicate corruption, joint efforts to accelerate the trading of afghan security forces so that the afghan people can provide for their own security, you know, that kind of coordination and a sense on the part of president karzai that, after some difficulty years in which there has been some drift, that in fact he's going to move boldly and forcefully forward. >> president obama really

putting a brave face on a mess, isn't he? do you get any sense of what this means to his long-awaited decision of whether to send thousands more u.s. troops? >> i think it is a brave face. it's what washington has to deal with, the white house has to deal with. my feeling is we're not expecting anything imminent. one of his closest advisors, valerie jarrett, hinted that the announcement could drop to late november, the announcement about deploying as many as 44,000 extra troops. the feeling we're getting is what obama wants from president karzai is some, as he put it, action, not words. he wants to see how the new cabinet is shaped, how preparations are made to beef up afghan security forces and whether karzai is frankly serious about ratcheting down corruption. this could all take a little while. >> we'll be talking again for sure. thanks very much, indeed, for that. let's move across the border. another day of blood shed in pakistan, the country hit by

two separate suicide attacks. the first in the city of rawalpindi killed 35 people. hours later two bombers blew themselves up at a police checkpoint at the entrance to lahore city, leaving seven dead. the bbc has been at the scene of the explosion in rawalpindi. >> another day. another attack. as the army hits the taliban in south waziristan, the militants are hitting back. they're still managing to strike supposedly secure districts, this time a street close to army headquarters with two hotels and a bank. i saw so many dead bodies, said this man. my car was parked in the bank's car park and my child was sitting inside. they won't let me in to look and i don't know where my child is. the area has now been sealed off, but it was busy at the time of the blast. a lot of army personnel and

their families come to this bank. they were here picking up salaries and pensions on the first working day of the month. once again, another week has begun with blood shed. at the scene, we met this man, searching for his wound father. it's really worrying, he said. the attacks are increasing, not decreasing. but hopefully after the army operation, things will start to get better. lying in his hospital bed, this wounded soldier told us he'll be staying in uniform. he said the attacks won't dent the army's morale. >> for the sake of the country, our resolve is strong and will remain so. death has to come one day or another. >> his loved ones are showing the strain. everyone is in the firing line here. and they fear things could get a lot worse.

bbc, rawalpindi. >> authorities in islamabad are now offering a $5 million reward for information leading to the capture of the country's taliban leader and 18 of his senior lieutenants in a bloody month for pakistan. more than 300 people in all have died in terror attacks. we've been visiting some of the victims of the deadliest bombings in the city of pa shower. >> today he was supposed to be getting married. instead he takes us to the home of his coich to pay condole aances. the whole family had gathered for the wedding. nine went shopping for bangles and clothes ahead of the festivities. none of them came back. 14-year-old adnan lost his mother, father, two aunts and all five of his youngers brothers and sisters. they still haven't found most of the bodies. i was supposed to go with them,

he says. but i stayed at home. i heard the explosion but i really didn't imagine my family had been hurt. what did they do wrong, he says? i can't understand why anyone would want to do this. his family was caught up in the biggest bombing in a recent wave of militant attacks to hit pakistan. the suicide car bomber blew himself up at the heart of the busiest market where over 100 were killed, many more injured. days after the explosion here in the center of pashawar, buildings are still collapsing because of damage. this building has been here for over 120 years and is about to be admonished because part of it collapsed earlier in the day. it is not only these scenes that remind people of the horror. they're given those reminders through the lives turned upside-down right across this city. >> scores remain in the main

hospital. many have been left with permanent disabilities. they join the victims of previous attacks. >> this is not a new thing for us. but now that we've been here and the intensity has increased , we are prepared any time to tear care of these patients. >> and that's what it's like here. people still trying to recover from the last attack wondering when the next one will be and how this violence is ever to end. bbc, pashawar. >> more top stories for you this hour. iran is coming under more international pressure to give a quick response to the plan to send its uranium abroad for enrichment. the head of the nuclear watchdog says the draft deal represents a unique and fleeting, in his words, opportunity for all sides to avoid confrontation. north korea has called for direct talks with the united states on nuclear disarmament. it appears the country wants to

return to negotiations. pyongyang has warned it will go its own way unless washington agrees. the former bosnian sesh leader radovan karadzic will appear at his trial. he said he needed more time, much more time, to prepare his defense. he denies all the charges. he says the tribunal must give him nine more months to prepare. one of his legal team said he would attend the tribunal on tuesday to discuss how to end the stalemate. >> nothing has changed since last week. he will appear tomorrow, though, because tomorrow is another day and it's a more procedural hearing than a trial itself. he wants to participate and try to find a solution for this problem. >> stay with us, if you can. bbc world news. still to come, the blood diamonds of zimbabwe. campaigners are calling for a

ban on sales. >> first, though, it could tell us a lot about the impact climate change is having on our planet. the european space agency has sclfl launched a satellite for russian that will gauge the movement of water around the earth. it could also help provide more accurate-weather forecasts. the bbc correspondent has this. >> a flash in the night. and old soviet missile heads skyward. on board, the latest european satellite to study the earth. europe wants to be seen as a leader in space. it will launch more than 20 satellites in the coming decade at a cost of more than seven billion pounds. some will investigate the climate. others will improve our weather forecasts. and this is the latest one. it is going to measure the amount of water held in the earth's soils and map the saltiness of the oceans. it is measurements that have

never been made from space before and developing the technology has been an immense challenge. >> it carries a folding instrument that gives it the look of a space helicopter. it's data will tell scientists about the constant exchange of water between the planet's surface and the atmosphere. its information crucial to understanding where it might rain and how heavily. >> the main benefits from it would be to have better weather forecasts and the possibility to forecast extreme events such as floods, heavy rains and wet soils. >> it will take a week for engineers to switch on all the systems. and six months to set it up properly to begin its science. >> you can get your headlines online any time with our one-minute news summary. watch the news unfold at bbc.com. video, text and graphics plus the chance to have your say.

all that and more on bbc.com. >> latest headlines for you on bbc world news. the united states has endorsed hamid karzai as the legitimate leader of afghanistan but president obama says he has urged him to wipe out corruption. 37 people have been killed by bomb attacks in the pakistani cities of rawalpindi and lahore. cause for an international ban on zimbabwe's diamond sales are set to dominate this week's meeting of the global body set up to prevent trade in the so-called blood diamonds. civil groups want zimbabwe banned from the world diamond market because of its human rights abuses. a southern africa correspondent has this report. >> zimbabwe holds the richard diamond fields in the world.

miners are paid a bitter price. a power struggle to control these mines saw the military being sent in last year. these some of the only pictures that capture the zimbabwe defense force at work. they now stand accused of appalling human rights abuses. >> the helicopters were throwing tear gas. the policemen were shooting people. so we were running and that's when they caught us. >> i thought they wanted to beat me. but they said today you will be a wife. i realized i was going to be raped. these grainy pictures capture the murky world of diamond smuggling from these fields. a trade which human rights groups claim is costing lives and is now controlled by the military. the reason, they say, zimbabwe should be suspended from the

kimberly process -- the scheme that regulates the trade in so-called blood diamonds. >> zimbabwe has been given time to take corrective action and according to our research -- and we were just in the area -- there have been absolutely no improvements there. in fact, the situation continues. there are very serious human rights abuses going on in thele fields. new army units have been rotated in in spite of the zimbabwe government saying that it would take the army out of the area, which it has not. >> the president is accused of using the diamond fields to keep his army loyal and fund his party, part of a coalition which grows more shaky by the day. remote and hard-to-access, zimbabwe's diamond fields might be out of view to the outside world. but this week will be a major test of whether the very

process that's meant to protect against alleged abuses turns a blind eye. >> meteorologists in beijing may have caused the earliest snow fall by seeding rain clouds in an attempt to ease the drought. that brought its own problems. >> winter has arrived early and quite suddenly in beijing thanks, it seems, to a bit of artificial help from the authorities. hoping to end the drought, they fired chemicals into the sky to bring on rain. but when the temperature dropped, they got snow instead. the whiteout came two months earlier than last year's snow and caught some unaware. >> i think it's come a little bit too fast. i wasn't quite prepared for this. today i'm wearing very thick clothes and i'm telling everyone to wrap up warm. >> it meant trouble on the roads and at the airport, although things quickly got moving again.

the cloud seeding was to help the farmers in the north. the drought put their harvest at risk. so the 16 million tons of extra snow that fell wasn't totally unwelcome. >> i think it's ok. the situation is not clear. because of global warming. everyone wants the weather to be normal. but this is a timely snow which promise a good harvest. so i guess it's very good. >> and it won't be around for too long. forecasters say rising temperatures mean the snow will disappear by the middle of the week, almost as suddenly as it arrived. >> unusual weather will be at the forefront of politicians' minds in copenhagen as they gather for a summit on climate change. on the major stumble blocks could be whether the u.s. will agree to cut carbon emission and by how much. in a moment, a report from houston. not hard to find people there

in the oil business objecting to cuts. first to a more remote part of the world. from the himalayas, at the source of the river ganges. >> high in the indian himalayas, a disturbing trend. glaciers are melting faster here than anywhere else on earth. for two days we trekked through the foothills on the way to the main source of the river ganges. it's a place of huge religious significance. but now it's all about the science. this doctor has brought his g.p.s. to the very spot where the river first emerges from the gray, discolored ice. it tells him the glacier has receded by about 15 meters in less than six months. the himalayas hold the planet's largest body of ice outside the polar caps. but it's shrinking fast.

>> we are in the line of the snow [inaudible]. we're standing on the line. >> the wall here would have been thick ice, then? >> yes. this has gone back. >> and this is happening to every glacier in the himalayas? >> yes. >> all the glaciers are melting and receding backward. >> so this is arguably one of the most important places in india because it is here that the river ganges begins its long journey from the himalayas to the bay of bengal, where downstream humphrys -- hundreds of millions of people depenned on the weather. evidence of a changing climate a few miles downstream. next the sandy river bed. there has been no crop this year and no heavy snow fall in this village for a decade. less snow means the glaciers melt even faster.

>> this clearly spells a very difficult situation. they are melting at a very rapid rate and the possibility that, if we don't do something about stabilizing the earth's climate, then these glaciers could easily vanish in the next few decade. >> an alarming thought. the future of the ganges and for the people who rely on the river. the indian government disputes some of the climate science, but it knows it needs to know more and fast about what's really happening to the glaciers in the himalayas. >> oil is about to flow from a new well on the edge of houston in texas. america's oil boom started here a century ago. people see no reason to stop it now.

they know they're going to get plenty of oil out of this new well because here is the first sample from it. here it is -- surprisingly running, slightly sweet, but this is the stuff that powers the american economy and why there is such resistance to curbs on greenhouse gases. each stroke lifts more oil to the surface. easy money and demand is huge. talk of limiting carbon dioxide is seen as pointless. >> the question is how much difference does c02 really make in our atmosphere? and that question should be debated. there are a lot of climate drivers. you can see the sun shining on my face. the sun is one of the biggest climate drivers. it goes through many cycles. >> and oil is what keeps america moving. it's the lifeblood for millions of truckers. robert garr seea sells trucks. we head out on to a bumpy

freeway. he fears that limiting emissions will hit jobs at just the wrong time. >> anything that will raise fuel costs [inaudible]. the owner/operators will have to pay more for fuel. the cost will go up. everybody would have to pay more for oil because they use it on a daily basis. >> so is there a greener way to fuel america? well, here in california, one option is algeorgia, a thick soup of tiny oigisms, a potential source of oil, flourishing in vast pools that stretch across the sand. >> this bright green algeorgia grows easily here. it's cultivated in these huge ponds thriving under the dessert sun, drawing in carbon dioxide and producing an oil which can be made into fuel. >> a glimpse of a green future.

its early days for algae fuel. but serious money is now behind it. researchers believe it is a route that america must pursue. >> there is a way to both stimulate our economy, be mindful about our environment, and develop new energy products that we can use sustainably for the next 50 to 100 years, and i believe algae is one of the ways to do it. >> twilight at the giant refineries. america stands at a crossroads -- black oil or green? its politicians are divided over climate change. the rest of the world is waiting for the outcome. >> just finally, what would you say was the perfect gift for the world's fastest man? of course, a baby cheetah. usain bolt, who has run faster than any human, is now the proud sponsor of this 3-month-old cub. he was in the canian capital to promote conservation efforts. thanks for being with us on bbc

world news. >> funding was made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu, newman's own foundation, the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation and union bank. >> union bank has put its financial strength to work for a wade range of companies, from small businesses to major corporations. what can we do for you?

>> bb