Mendeley Climate Change Library
100
100
2019
2019
by
Makgalake P. Radingoana; Timothy Dube; Margaret H.N. Mollel; Josephine M. Letsoalo
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Greywater reuse has been adopted worldwide as an alternative source to freshwater and has been found to contribute to the household food supply. In this study, we assess the greywater reuse for home gardening in two rural communities (Ga-Seroka and Ga-Nkwana) in Limpopo Province, South Africa, using a mixed methods approach (Qualitative and Quantitative). A total of 95 and 87 households were randomly selected in Ga-Seroka and Ga-Nkwana villages, respectively. Field surveys from the selected...
Topics: Food security, Fruit trees, Greywater, Home gardening, Livelihoods, Rural communities, Vegetables,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
95
95
2018
2018
by
Chenxi Hu; Zhongwei Tian; Dong Jiang; Shilu Gu; Hua Guo; Yonghui Fan; Muhammad Abid; Kai Chen; Weixing Cao; Tingbo Dai
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Elucidating the effects of asymmetric warming during winter and spring will help develop a feasible crop management strategy for climate change. Field experiments were conducted using the Yangmai-13 (vernal type) and Yannong-19 (semi-winter type) winter wheat cultivars to investigate the effects of night-warming during winter (warming by 1.47–1.53 °C from tillering to jointing), spring (warming by 1.68–1.77 °C from jointing to booting), and winter + spring (warming by 1.53–1.60 °C from...
Topics: Apparent nitrogen surplus, Night-warming, Nitrogen utilization efficiency, Root growth, Soil...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
69
69
2018
2018
by
Rohan Benjankar; Daniele Tonina; James A. McKean; Mohammad M. Sohrabi; Quiwen Chen; Dmitri Vidergar
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Dam operation impacts on stream hydraulics and ecological processes are well documented, but their effect depends on geographical regions and varies spatially and temporally. Many studies have quantified their effects on aquatic ecosystem based mostly on flow hydraulics overlooking stream water temperature and climatic conditions. Here, we used an integrated modeling framework, an ecohydraulics virtual watershed, that links catchment hydrology, hydraulics, stream water temperature and aquatic...
Topics: Aquatic habitat, Climatic conditions, Dam management, Habitat shift, Impacts, Integrated modeling,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
120
120
2018
2018
by
Sheng Li; Hua Fang; Yanli Zhang; Xu Yu; Qingqing Yu; Xiaoxin Fu; Wei Song; Xinhui Bi; Xinming Wang
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Carbonaceous aerosols represent an important nexus between air pollution and climate change. Here we collected filter-based PM 2.5 samples during summer and autumn in 2015 at one urban and two rural sites in Guangzhou, a megacity in southern China, and got the light absorption by black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) resolved with a DRI Model 2015 multi-wavelength thermal/optical carbon analyzer apart from determining the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) contents. On average BrC...
Topics: Black carbon, Brown carbon, Elemental carbon, Guangzhou, Light absorption, PM2.5
Mendeley Climate Change Library
57
57
2018
2018
by
Amely Gundlach; Marius Ehrlinspiel; Svenja Kirsch; Alexander Koschker; Julian Sagebiel
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eye 57
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In the face of climate change and growing health hazards due to air pollution in urban centers, private car use is being increasingly criticized. At the same time, research suggests that there is an unsatisfied demand for modes of transportation other than private cars. In fact, many cities all over Europe have already established car-restricted or car-free areas. This paper uses a discrete choice experiment to learn more about people's preferences regarding a car-free city center in Berlin,...
Topics: Berlin, Germany, Mobility, Random parameters logit model, Stated preferences
The use or misuse of advanced technology is a key factor driving global environmental degradation, but advanced technology is also widely assumed to be the solution to many environmental problems. In contrast to that dominant approach, this paper outlines a variety of what the authors call ‘low-tech’ options – such as solar shower bags, washing lines, alternative heating and cooling methods, and cycling – and raises questions about the extent to which these types of ‘simple living’...
Topics: Appropriate technology, Degrowth, Energy descent, Low-tech, Resilience, Techno-optimism
Mendeley Climate Change Library
131
131
2019
2019
by
An Thi Ngoc Dang; Subrata Nandy; Ritika Srinet; Nguyen Viet Luong; Surajit Ghosh; A. Senthil Kumar
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Forest biomass is one of the key measurement for carbon budget accounting, carbon flux monitoring, and climate change studies. Hence, it is essential to develop a credible approach to estimate forest biomass and carbon stocks. Our study applied Sentinel-2 satellite imagery combined with field-measured biomass using Random Forest (RF), a machine learning regression algorithm, to estimate forest aboveground biomass (AGB) in Yok Don National Park, Vietnam. A total of 132 spectral and texture...
Topics: Forest biomass, Random Forest, Sentinel-2, Spectral variables, Texture variables, Variable...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
221
221
2018
2018
by
Amina Antonacci; Fabiana Arduini; Danila Moscone; Giuseppe Palleschi; Viviana Scognamiglio
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eye 221
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Intense farming represents one of the main sources causing detriments to vital resources as lands and water, due to unsustainable agricultural practices and the resulting environmental pollution. Furthermore, the increasing world population and the impact of climate change contribute to worsen these constraints. To these regards, several attempts have been completed to provide pioneering technologies for facing against these challenges, including nanostructured (bio)sensors. Indeed,...
Topics: Nanomaterials, Nanostructured (bio)sensors, Smart agriculture, Soil physico-chemical parameters...
Biofuel from energy crops will play an important role in supplying carbon-neutral fuel for the transport sector. However, there are large uncertainties regarding energy crop development and the energy crop potential and distribution need to be evaluated more comprehensively and systematically. In this study, we propose an integrated approach using the AquaCrop model, a geographic information system approach, and a scenario analysis and we conduct a land availability assessment with multiple...
Topics: Climate change, Energy crop, Land use change, Spatial distribution, Sweet sorghum
Mendeley Climate Change Library
209
209
2019
2019
by
V. S.C. Tunn; N. M.P. Bocken; E. A. van den Hende; J. P.L. Schoormans
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Combining sustainable consumption with the circular economy concept could help tackle challenges, such as resource scarcity and climate change by reducing resource throughput and increasing cycling of products and materials within the economic system, thereby reducing emissions and virgin material use. To achieve sustainable consumption in a circular economy production and consumption practices need to change. Business models can potentially influence both practices as it defines how a company...
Topics: Business model, Circular economy, Clothing industry, Expert interview, Sufficiency, Sustainable...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
87
87
2018
2018
by
Mirko Di Febbraro; Manuela D'Amen; Pasquale Raia; Davide De Rosa; Antoine Guisan
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The prevailing method for estimating the potential impact of future climate change on biological communities is to stack binary predictions from species distribution models (binary stacked species distribution models, bS-SDM). However, it has been argued that bS-SDM may overestimate species richness and, hence, community composition. Alternative approaches, such as SESAM ('spatially Explicit Species Assemblage Modelling’), explicitly incorporate limits to species richness, preventing...
Topics: Community ecology, MEM, SDM, SESAM framework, Species distribution models
Mendeley Climate Change Library
65
65
2018
2018
by
Masaya Iijima; Arata Momohara; Yoshitsugu Kobayashi; Shoji Hayashi; Tadahiro Ikeda; Hiroyuki Taruno; Katsunori Watanabe; Masahiro Tanimoto; Sora Furui
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Crocodylians are ectothermic animals, and their past distribution has been greatly influenced by changing climate since their Cretaceous origin. The Pliocene-Pleistocene witnessed a contraction of the crocodylian latitudinal ranges due to rapid cooling with superimposed pronounced orbital-scale climate oscillations. However, a chronologically-continuous record of the geographically marginal populations of crocodylians is yet to be provided for this time interval, and crocodylian response to...
Topics: Biogeography, Climate change, Japanese crocodylians, Mid-latitudes, Paleotemterature
Accurate and periodic assessment of grassland yield (GY) is of great importance for the management of high altitude plateau grasslands. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a very important pastoral area that provides a microcosm of typical alpine grassland ecosystems. Based on remote sensing data, meteorological datasets and observational plant biomass data, we used the Global Production Efficiency Model and Soil and Atmosphere Model (GLOPEM-CEVSA) to estimate GY and its response to climate change and...
Topics: Climate change, Grassland yield changes, Grazing activities, Protection and restoration projects,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
109
109
2019
2019
by
Amalia M. Harrington; M. Scarlett Tudor; Helen R. Reese; Deborah A. Bouchard; Heather J. Hamlin
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The American lobster supports the most economically valuable fishery in the Gulf of Maine and Atlantic Canada. Across much of its range, ocean temperatures have increased at rates faster than almost anywhere in the world. Studies of warming effects on larvae have largely focused on survival and development, but rarely have examined sub-lethal effects that could influence settlement and subsequent recruitment to the fishery. We explored how warming influences rate of development, survival,...
Topics: Climate change, Fluctuating asymmetry, Hemocytes, Homarus americanus, Physiology
Sea level rise threatens coastal communities around the world. Proactive investments in adaptive flood protection could reduce financial vulnerability, however it is unclear if local governments and homeowners will be willing to make those investments before it is too late. In this research we explore this issue by focusing on the case of South Florida, which is one of the most financially vulnerable regions in the world. We report the results of a novel online simulation that accelerates 348...
Topics: Adaptation, Homeowners, Perception, Sea level rise, Simulation, South Florida
Mendeley Climate Change Library
228
228
2018
2018
by
Shahjadi Hisan Farjana; Nazmul Huda; M. A.Parvez Mahmud; Candace Lang
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eye 228
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This paper presents life-cycle environmental impacts and health hazards of the ilmenite and rutile processing routes which are very little explored despite a significant quantity of production worldwide. The study is carried out through a life-cycle environmental-impact assessment of the ilmenite and rutile mining production processes in Australia, using the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) method under 14 significant impact categories and the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED)...
Topics: Australia, Ilmenite, Life-cycle assessment, Rutile, Sustainability
Global annual production of lignocellulosic biomass including undervalued agricultural residues and greenhouse biomass is about 181.5 billion tonnes. This undervalued biomass has a high potential to produce biogas in anaerobic digestion (AD). Among the various pre-treatment methods, hydrothermal (HT) pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising approach to increase biogas production in AD. However, the high carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of lignocellulosic biomass is reported to be...
Topics: Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Hydrothermal, Inhibition, Lignocellulosic biomass
Current global developments put increasing ecological, economic and social pressures on urban systems. The density of urban areas concentrates these pressures especially on food, energy and water (i.e., the FEW nexus) resources as if in a ‘burning glass’. The ability to confront these challenges significantly depends on the resilience of an urban area, which is to a large degree managed by institutions with the objective of protecting social cohesion and minimizing ecological pressure....
Topics: Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus, Resilience, Urbanization
Changes in precipitation have been widely considered as a critical indicator of climate change. This is of prime importance to assess the strength and magnitude of these changes on regional and local scale. To document the observed changes in precipitation over China- Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the current study was conducted with monthly precipitation data from 53 meteorological stations across the CPEC. The non-parametric Mann- Kendall (MK), Sen's Slope (SS) estimator, and Sequential...
Topics: Mann-Kendall (MK) test, Monsoon precipitation, Precipitation trend, Sequential Mann-Kendall (SQMK)...
Tropical medicine deals with infectious and noninfectious diseases geographically located between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. It encompasses diseases that result from poverty, poor sanitation, infrastructure, and inadequate health resources. Lack of availability of clean water and food made with unhygienic practices add to the morbidity of these diseases. The tropics are reeling under the onslaught of climate change, deforestation, and air, water, and soil pollution, which worsens an...
Topics: Classification, Diarrhea, Fever, History, Introduction, Tropical medicine
Climate change and human activities have induced alterations to hydrological processes. The quantification of their impacts on streamflow is a challenge, especially at the seasonal scale due to seasonality of climate variables and human activities. In this study, the decomposition method based on Budyko equation is extended to the seasonal scale for quantifying the climate and direct human impacts on annual and seasonal streamflow changes in Huifa River basin by defining prechange period...
Topics: Abcd model, Budyko-type equation, Climate change, Human activities, Reservoir operation, Streamflow
Regionalization methods have been extensively discussed as the solution for runoff predictions in ungauged basins (PUB), especially during the PUB decade (2003–2012). At the same time, research topics relevant to climate change appear to be an essential and attractive field for hydrologists in recent decades, because the availability and quality of water resources are strongly affected by climate change. However, it is still unknown whether regionalization methods can be used to predict...
Topics: Climate change, Regionalization methods, Uncertainty, Ungauged basins, Variance decomposition
Mendeley Climate Change Library
66
66
2018
2018
by
Marta Torrellas; Laura Burgos; Laura Tey; Joan Noguerol; Victor Riau; Jordi Palatsi; Assumpció Antón; Xavier Flotats; August Bonmatí
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eye 66
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In intensive livestock production areas, farmers must apply manure management systems to comply with governmental regulations. Biogas plants, as a source of renewable energy, have the potential to reduce environmental impacts comparing with other manure management practices. Nevertheless, manure processing at biogas plants also incurs in non-desired gas emissions that should be considered. At present, available emission calculation methods cover partially emissions produced at a biogas plant,...
Topics: Ammonia emission, Biogas plant, Emission inventory, GHG emission, IPCC estimation, Livestock manure
From the simulation results of the Energy Modeling Forum's recently completed project on US greenhouse gas emission mitigation policies, this paper estimates and examines welfare effects of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) pricing policies, fuel and technology cost changes, higher electricity demand growth, and limited nuclear generator lifetimes. Eight of the models in the study reported outputs sufficient to estimate damage from CO 2 , sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO X ), and methane, and...
Topics: Co-benefits, Electric power sector simulation modeling, Emission health effects, Environmental...
Soil microbial communities have the potential to modify plant performance and condition plant species responses to environmental change, but the role of soil microorganisms for plant drought responses remains unclear. We used a novel experimental approach to examine the interactive effects of drought and presence of soil microbes on biomass production and plant traits in a savanna tree species. Seedlings of Bauhinia brachycarpa were grown in sterilized or ‘live’ soil, with or without...
Topics: Phospholipid fatty acid analysis, Plant functional traits, Plant-soil (below-ground) interactions,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
191
191
2019
2019
by
Laura Batlle-Bayer; Alba Bala; Isabel García-Herrero; Elodie Lemaire; Guobao Song; Rubén Aldaco; Pere Fullana-i-Palmer
texts
eye 191
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This study assesses the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and the nutritional quality of the current food consumption and losses of an average Spanish citizen, and compares them with two alternative diets: one following the Spanish dietary guidelines (The NAOS Strategy; NAOS), and another one based on the Mediterranean (MED) diet. The diet-related GHG emissions of current eating patterns would be reduced by 17% and 11%, when shifting to the NAOS and MED diets, respectively, and even more (42% and...
Topics: Climate change, Diet, Greenhouse gas emissions, Impact reduction, LCA, Nutrition
Sustainable management of insular beaches, that are critical to tourism-based economies, depends on sound understanding of coastal evolution drivers. However, interconnections among geological, oceanographical, biological and human key-drivers of coastal change, operating at relevant spatial and temporal scales, remains poorly understood. This work aims at understanding and quantifying the main drivers of insular beaches evolution using a past-to-future sediment budget approach, and to address...
Topics: Coastal management, Drivers of coastal change, Sea level rise, Source-to-sink
In salmonids, exposure to elevated temperature impairs oogenesis. As such, there is a need to understand the molecular mechanisms that underpin this process, and develop mitigation strategies that maintain or rescue reproductive development in broodstock. In this study, follicle stimulating hormone (Fsh) and/or insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) treatment were assessed for their ability to promote reproductive function at 14 and 22 °C in ovarian follicles from coho salmon in vitro....
Topic: Ovarian steroidogenesis
Investors, developers, policy makers and engineers are rightly concerned about the potential effects of climate change on the future performance of hydropower investments. Hydroelectricity offers potentially low greenhouse-gas emission, renewable energy and reliable energy storage. However, hydroelectricity developments are large, complicated projects and possibly critically vulnerable to changes in climate and other assumptions related to future uncertainties. This paper presents a general...
Topics: Climate change adaptation, Himalayas, Hydropower, Nepal, Resilience, Water resources
In times of climate change, biodiversity loss, or growing natural resource scarcity, the circular business model (CBM) concept is increasingly attractive, promoting the reorganization of current value creation architectures and supply chains toward a sustainable system of production and consumption. Driven by a vision of continued economic expansion and growth on a planet with finite natural resources, CBMs are endorsed by political institutions, multinational corporations, business...
Topics: Business model innovation, Circular business model, Circular economy, Sustainability transitions,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
51
51
2018
2018
by
Walter Svinurai; Farai Mapanda; Dingane Sithole; Elisha N. Moyo; Kudzai Ndidzano; Alois Tsiga; Washington Zhakata
texts
eye 51
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Without disregarding its role as one of the key sources of sustainable livelihoods in Zimbabwe and other developing countries, livestock production contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through enteric fermentation. For the livestock sector to complement global efforts to mitigate climate change, accurate estimations of GHG emissions are required. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation in Zimbabwe were quantified over 35 years under four production systems and five...
Topics: Enteric fermentation, Methane, Production system, Zimbabwe
Identifying the historical hydrometeorological trends in a river basin is necessary for understanding the dominant interactions between climate, human activities and local hydromorphological conditions. Estimating the hydrological reference conditions in a river is also crucial for estimating accurately the impacts from human water related activities and design appropriate water management schemes. In this effort, the output of a regional past climate model was used, covering the period from...
Topics: Climate change, Historical climatology, Human interventions, Spercheios River, Trend analysis
One major area that has gathered public attention in relation to climate change is health risks. Studies into risk perceptions have acknowledged differences between public and expert knowledge. What is less known is how perceptions of climate change related health risk vary between the public and health experts and how these differentiated perceptions are shaped and modified by everyday complex climate change narratives from multiple actors, and contextual ecologies of social and physical...
Topics: Climate change, Climate change knowledge, Climate-induced health problems, Ghana, Public health
Mendeley Climate Change Library
45
45
2018
2018
by
Tsechoe Dorji; Kelly A. Hopping; Shiping Wang; Shilong Piao; Tenzin Tarchen; Julia A. Klein
texts
eye 45
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Although studies have investigated the independent effects of warming, snow, and grazing on alpine plant community properties – including plant species richness, evenness, and diversity - the interactive effects of these climate and grazing factors have not been addressed experimentally in cold systems. We investigate the effects of these climate change and grazing factors using 5 years of data collected from a relatively long-term (2009–2015), fully-factorial field experiment in an alpine...
Topics: Field experiment, Species diversity, Species evenness, Species richness, Tibetan Plateau
We estimate the global Hg wildfire emissions for the 2000s and the potential impacts from the 2000–2050 changes in climate, land use and land cover and Hg anthropogenic emissions by combining statistical analysis with global data on vegetation type and coverage as well as fire activities. Global Hg wildfire emissions are estimated to be 612 Mg year −1 . Africa is the dominant source region (43.8% of global emissions), followed by Eurasia (31%) and South America (16.6%). We find significant...
Topics: Biomass burning, Climate change, Land cover, Land use, Modeling
Mendeley Climate Change Library
74
74
2019
2019
by
Israel Ropo Orimoloye; Sonwabo Perez Mazinyo; Ahmed Mukalazi Kalumba; Olapeju Yewande Ekundayo; Werner Nel
texts
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Urban regions have exceptional attributes that leave their dwellers and properties vulnerable to climate variability and change. Global temperatures continue to change, reaching new levels almost every year for the past two decades. This review examines the scientific evidence on the impact of climate change on urban and human health. It identifies research progress and gaps in how human society may respond to, adapt to, and prepare for the related changes. However, the causes are debated;...
Topics: Diseases, Extreme heat, Human health, Implication
The lichen woodland (LW) is an open-crown subarctic forest distributed principally in North America where it extends from Newfoundland in Atlantic Canada to the Yukon and Alaska. It is the main tree ecosystem of the LW zone north of the closed-crown boreal forest zone, and south of the forest-tundra zone where its cover diminishes progressively toward the Arctic tree line. Growth and development of LWs are closely dependent on dry-mesic, nutrient-poor podzolic soil environments largely...
Topics: Boreal forest, Succession, Woodland
The negative appraisals of the impact of airline industry on climate change have forced the industry to become greener. Over the past several decades, CO2 emissions in the airline industry have increased considerably, thereby adversely affecting the environment. Therefore, airlines are seeking different approaches to reduce the environmental degradation. In this paper, we study cruise speed control to achieve this goal by reducing CO2 emissions while studying passenger service level. We use...
Topics: CO2 emissions, Constructive heuristic, Cruise speed control, Flight scheduling, Green...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
59
59
2019
2019
by
Zhaomin Hu; Zhe Zhao; Yue Zhang; Haichun Jing; Shuqin Gao; Jingyun Fang
texts
eye 59
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Grassland has critically important ecological efficiency as well as economic values. While overgrazing and climate change have been reported to lead to the deterioration of grassland ecosystem functions and ecological efficiency, the implementation of a rational policy may mitigate such effects. The ‘Forage-Livestock Balance’ policy refers to balancing the relationship between forage productivity and grazing capacity of grasslands, and has been implemented in northern grassland areas in...
Topics: Difference-in-difference (DiD) approach, Ecological efficiency, Forage-livestock balance,...
With industrial CO 2 -emission reduction the heart of carbon capture enabling technologies, we report on a solution engineered to potentially redress the issues of soil improvement and sustainable use of fresh water for food production. In a laboratory-scale pilot study, we demonstrate the capabilities of an innovative and novel product utilising carbon-capture to restore soil properties critical for crop production. In the first study of its kind, the carbon-initiated mode-of-action resulted...
Topics: Agriculture, CCU, Carbon capture, Soil, Sustainability, Water use
Southwestern Australia is one of the global biodiversity hotspots. Like many other hotspots, comparatively few data are available explaining speciation patterns in endemic animal lineages, which hampers conservation efforts and a deeper understanding of how diversity is generated and maintained. I investigated the phylogeographic structure of an ancient arachnid species, the pseudoscorpion Pseudotyrannochthonius giganteus Beier, 1971, endemic to the mesic eucalypt forests of southwestern...
Topics: Arachnida, Biodiversity hotspot, Cryptic speciation, Historic climate change, Mesic biota,...
Within national carbon footprints, households are responsible for bulk of the overall direct and indirect carbon emissions. Also, the wide spread in household characteristics (e.g. size, income, age)leads not only to different carbon footprints, but also includes an underlying difference in the contributions of the consumption domains. Therefore, it is essential that policies focussing on climate change mitigation should be customized to take into account these differences. In this study we...
Topics: Carbon footprint, Household budget survey, Household consumption, Input-output analysis
Mendeley Climate Change Library
61
61
2018
2018
by
Changbin Li; Liuming Wang; Wang Wanrui; Jiaguo Qi; Yang Linshan; Yuan Zhang; Wu Lei; Xia Cui; Peng Wang
texts
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Climate variability and anthropogenic regulations are two interwoven factors in the ecohydrologic system across large basins. Understanding the roles that these two factors play under various hydrologic conditions is of great significance for basin hydrology and sustainable water utilization. In this study, we present an analytical approach based on coupling water balance method and Budyko hypothesis to derive effectiveness coefficients (ECs) of climate change, as a way to disentangle...
Topics: Climate change, Contribution, Effectiveness coefficients, Human activities, Streamflow variation
Mendeley Climate Change Library
42
42
2018
2018
by
O. Kutasi; E. Andrasofszky; O. Szenci; A. Bersenyi; I. Siller; T. Abonyi
texts
eye 42
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Physical trauma, dietary factors, toxins, immune-mediated disorders, and viral infections are known causes of equine stomatitis. There are also few reports of grass awn-associated stomatitis in horses. Movement of 323 horses was restricted at a Hungarian racetrack because of a suspected vesicular stomatitis (VS) outbreak. Many horses were affected at the same time, and an infectious disease or common offending source was suspected. To establish the nutritional origin of the feed, botanical...
Topics: Equine, Grass awn, Horses, Setaria viridis, Stomatitis
Risk assessment must evolve for addressing the existing and future challenges, and considering the new systems and innovations that have already arrived in our lives and that are coming ahead. In this paper, I swing on the rapid changes and innovations that the World that we live in is experiencing, and analyze them with respect to the challenges that these pose to the field of risk assessment. Digitalization brings opportunities but with it comes also the complexity of cyber-phyiscal systems....
Topics: Business continuity, Condition monitoring-based risk assessment, Cyber-physical systems, Dynamic...
The transition from current fossil-fuel energy system towards a sustainable one-based requires renewable energy technology. Although geothermal energy presents its own particular challenges in comparison with other renewable energy technologies, geothermal energy has showed significant potential to reduce environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions from electricity production. Advantages of geothermal energy are not only the generation of electricity in different plant configurations but...
Topics: Binary, Cascade applications, Direct uses, Double-flash, Dry-steam, Geothermal energy, Hybrid...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
70
70
2018
2018
by
Yitong Yao; Zhijian Li; Tao Wang; Anping Chen; Xuhui Wang; Mingyuan Du; Gensuo Jia; Yingnian Li; Hongqin Li; Weijun Luo; Yaoming Ma; Yanhong Tang; Huimin Wang; Zhixiang Wu; Junhua Yan; Xianzhou Zhang
texts
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Accurate assessment of the strength of China's terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink is key to understanding its regional carbon budget. However, large uncertainties in current carbon sink estimations still exist, which hinder the prediction of future climate change trajectories. In this study, we generated a high-resolution (1 km × 1 km) dataset of China's net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the last decade via a model tree ensemble approach combined with data from 46 flux sites in China and...
Topics: Carbon sink, China, Eddy covariance, Model tree ensemble, Net ecosystem productivity (NEP)
Mendeley Climate Change Library
57
57
2019
2019
by
Mostafa Mardani Najafabadi; Saman Ziaee; Alireza Nikouei; Mahmoud Ahmadpour Borazjani
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The economic, technical and strategic factors are the three most important factors in examining the cropping patterns in Iran. Iran is geographically located in a part of the planet with specific climate constraints. Drought is one of the constraints that has been a major challenge to agricultural development for many years and has always been the subject of discussions and investigations. On the other hand, constraints such as agricultural soils, economic factors, climate change, agricultural...
Topics: Iran, Multi-objective structural planning, Regional cropping pattern, Robust optimization
There is a growing trend of consumers in developed countries substituting alternative protein sources for meat and purchasing meat products with specific production-system related credence attributes. This study of Australian meat consumers identifies consumer segments with varying levels of willingness to make the following changes to their protein consumption: reduce meat consumption, follow a meat-free diet most of the time, avoid meat consumption altogether, and follow a strict plant-based...
Topics: Alternative protein sources, Consumer behaviour, Food choice, Meat consumption, Meat substitutes
Research on the interaction amongst land use, transport, and the environment has a long history and can fill volumes of publications. Such research has contributed to urban and transportation planning and substantially reduced problems in transport, land use, and the environment. However, solving traditional problems caused by the spatial disorder of land use and transportation facilities still remains an elusive goal. For instance, we can easily find that severe traffic jams and high car...
Topics: LUTI, Land use, Transportation, Urban models
The urban overheating, driven by the increasing expansion of our cities and the global climate change, is becoming one of the main environmental challenges of today. Consequently, cooling technologies are emerging as mitigation and adaptation strategies. Reflective roof and pavement surfaces have been widely studied for their potential benefits, but detailed evaluations of the effect of wall albedo on the urban microclimate are limited. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the effects of...
Topics: Building energy use, Cool walls, Reflective surfaces, Urban design, Urban heat island
Mendeley Climate Change Library
45
45
2018
2018
by
Carlos Sancho; Ánchel Belmonte; Miguel Bartolomé; Ana Moreno; Jerónimo López-Martínez
texts
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Perennial ice deposits in caves represent unique, but underexplored, terrestrial sequences that potentially contain outstanding palaeoclimatic records. Here, we present a pioneer palaeoenvironmental study of an ice deposit preserved in a small sag-type cave (A294) in the Central Pyrenees (northern Iberian Peninsula). The 9.25-m-thick sequence, which is dated from 6100 ± 107 to 1888 ± 64 cal BP, represents the oldest known firn ice record worldwide. The stratigraphy (detrital layers,...
Topics: Central Pyrenees, Holocene climate, firn ice cave, isotopic composition, radiocarbon dating
The vast transactional, trust and security advantages of Bitcoin are dwarfed by the intentionally resource-intensive design in its transaction verification process which now threatens the climate we depend upon for survival. Indeed Bitcoin mining and transactions are an application of Blockchain technology employing an inefficient use of scarce energy resources for a financial activity at a point in human development where world governments are scrambling to reduce energy consumption through...
Topics: Behavioural change, Blockchain, Carbon, Decarbonizing, Digital currencies, Energy consumption,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
68
68
2019
2019
by
Jay Ram Lamichhane; Julie Constantin; Jean Noël Aubertot; Carolyne Dürr
texts
eye 68
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Ongoing climate change has been reported to have far-reaching impact on crop development and yield in many regions of the globe including Europe. However, little is known about the potential impact of climate change on specific stages of the crop cycle including crop establishment, although it is a crucial stage of the annual crop cycles. For the first time, we performed a simulation study to pinpoint how sugar beet sowing conditions of the next eight decades will be altered under future...
Topics: Soil-surface crust, Temperature, Water stress
10.1016 j.geomorph.2019.03.002
As a major component of land ecological systems, vegetation is generally considered a sensitive indicator of climate change. This study makes use of GIMMS-NDVI3g, as well as conventional climate data observed on the ground by the China Meteorological Administration, to study the spatio-temporal variations and driving factors of vegetation cover during the period from 1982 to 2013 in the “mountain-oasis-desert” coupled system of Xinjiang and its 11 sub-systems including mountains, oasis,...
Topics: "GIMMS-NDVI3g, Tendency, sustainability, Variability, Vegetation cover"
Mendeley Climate Change Library
85
85
2019
2019
by
Marie Trydeman Knudsen; Teodora Dorca-Preda; Stefan Hörtenhuber; Sylvestre Njakou Djomo; Nancy Peña; Susanne Padel; Laurence G. Smith; Werner Zollitsch; John E. Hermansen
texts
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Estimates of soil carbon changes, biodiversity and ecotoxicity have often been missing from life cycle assessment based studies of organic dairy products, despite evidence that the impacts of organic and conventional management may differ greatly within these areas. The aim of the present work was therefore to investigate the magnitude of including these impact categories within a comprehensive environmental impact assessment of organic and conventional dairy systems differing in basic...
Topics: Biodiversity, Dairy, Ecotoxicity, LCA, Organic, Soil carbon
Mendeley Climate Change Library
61
61
2018
2018
by
Dapeng Feng; Yi Zheng; Yixin Mao; Aijing Zhang; Bin Wu; Jinguo Li; Yong Tian; Xin Wu
texts
eye 61
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Water resources in coastal areas can be profoundly influenced by both climate change and human activities. These climatic and human impacts are usually intertwined and difficult to isolate. This study developed an integrated model-based approach for detection and attribution of climatic and human impacts and applied this approach to the Luanhe Plain, a typical coastal area in northern China. An integrated surface water-groundwater model was developed for the study area using GSFLOW (coupled...
Topics: Climate change, Coastal area, Groundwater, Human activities, Integrated surface water-groundwater...
We employ an electricity system model to determine the least-cost transition necessary to meet a given carbon dioxide removal (CDR) burden in the UK. The results show that, while sufficient in the medium term, a system dominated by intermittent renewable energy technologies (IRES) cannot deliver CDR at the scale required in a cost-effective manner. The marginal value of IRES for climate change mitigation diminishes with time, especially in the context of the Paris Agreement. Deeper...
Topics: BECCS, power systems modeling
Mendeley Climate Change Library
167
167
2018
2018
by
Aamir Nawab; Fahar Ibtisham; Guanghui Li; Barbara Kieser; Jiang Wu; Wenchao Liu; Yi Zhao; Yasir Nawab; Kongquan Li; Mei Xiao; Lilong An
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eye 167
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Worldwide, the effect of climatic variations has become a great challenge in poultry production. As global climate is changing, it alters the environmental temperatures, precipitation patterns and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Poultry farming mainly depends on climatic conditions such as temperature and humidity. Several factors can be involved but heat stress is one of most important environmental factor influencing a wide range of chickens performances including reduced feed intake which, in...
Topics: Climate change, Food safety, Heat stress, Mitigation, Poultry farming, Productivity
Spherical-top tetrahedral species like CH4, SiH4, CF4, …possess no permanent dipole moment. Therefore, probing their pure rotation spectrum is very challenging since only a very weak dipole moment can be induced by centrifugal distortion and/or rovibrational interaction. If some Q branch lines have been recorded thanks to microwave techniques, R branch lines in the THz region have been poorly explored until recently. In previous studies, we have reported the pure rotation THz spectrum of cold...
Topics: Carbon tetrafluoride, Dipole moment, Non-polar molecule, Pure rotation, Synchrotron radiation
Due to rapid economic growth and population increase, problems of environmental pollution, climate change, and resource depletion have become increasingly serious in China. Recyclable waste recycling (RWR) is becoming one of the key approaches to simultaneously respond to the above issues, and the Chinese government has begun to regulate and promote source separation and urban waste recycling in recent years. However, several barriers still exist, and it is therefore crucial to review China's...
Topics: Integrated framework, Internet+, Pilot city program, Recyclable wastes recycling (RWR), Regulation...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
63
63
2019
2019
by
Guoqing Zhang; Tandong Yao; Wenfeng Chen; Guoxiong Zheng; C. K. Shum; Kun Yang; Shilong Piao; Yongwei Sheng; Shuang Yi; Junli Li; Catherine M. O'Reilly; Shuhua Qi; Samuel S.P. Shen; Hongbo Zhang; Yuanyuan Jia
texts
eye 63
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Lakes are sensitive indicators of anthropogenic climate change and also respond to direct human activities. Yet, long-term lake inventories and quantitative evaluation of the factors driving observed lake changes across China remain elusive. Here, for the first time, we examined multi-decadal lake area changes in China during 1960s–2015, using historical topographic maps and >3831 Landsat satellite images, including lakes as fine as ≥1 km 2 in size. In addition, we quantified the causes...
Topics: China's lakes, Climate change, Human activity, Lake area change, Landsat satellite image
Mendeley Climate Change Library
70
70
2018
2018
by
Jinghong Gao; Sari Kovats; Sotiris Vardoulakis; Paul Wilkinson; Alistair Woodward; Jing Li; Shaohua Gu; Xiaobo Liu; Haixia Wu; Jun Wang; Xiaoqin Song; Yunkai Zhai; Jie Zhao; Qiyong Liu
texts
eye 70
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Background and objectives: Public health co-benefits from curbing climate change can make greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies more attractive and increase their implementation. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence of these health co-benefits to improve our understanding of the mitigation measures involved, potential mechanisms, and relevant uncertainties. Methods: A comprehensive search for peer-reviewed studies published in English was conducted using the...
Topics: Air pollution, Climate change, Greenhouse gas emissions, Health co-benefits, Mitigation, Uncertainty
Mendeley Climate Change Library
113
113
2018
2018
by
Bourioug Mohamed; Girardclos Olivier; Gillet François; Alaoui Sehmer Laurence; Pascale Bourgeade; Alaoui Sossé Badr; Aleya Lotfi
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eye 113
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Sewage sludge application in forest plantations is an interesting complementary alternative practice to sewage sludge reutilization and recycling, with a significant and sustainable net effect in climate change mitigation. However, to optimize it a detailed knowledge of its effects on ecosystem components such as plants, soil, water and fauna is needed. We investigated the effects of sewage sludge application on soil, tree growth and floristic diversity in a ten-year-old plantation of European...
Topic: Trace metal
Mendeley Climate Change Library
43
43
2019
2019
by
Tao Chen; Guoxiong Zheng; Liangliang Jiang; Cun Chang; Latipa Tuerhanjiang
texts
eye 43
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In recent decades, climate change and human activities have severely affected grasslands in Central Asia. Grassland regulation and sustainability in this region require an accurate assessment of the effects of these two factors on grasslands. Based on the abrupt change analysis, linear regression analysis and net primary productivity (NPP), the spatiotemporal patterns of grassland ecosystems in Central Asia during 1982–2015 were studied. Further, the potential NPP (NPP P ) was estimated using...
Topics: Arid and semiarid grassland ecosystems, Change-year detection, Climate change, Human activities, NPP
Mendeley Climate Change Library
55
55
2019
2019
by
Cassandra R. O'Lenick; Andrew J. Monaghan; Peter J. Crank; David J. Sailor
texts
eye 55
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Urban growth and climate change will exacerbate extreme heat events and air pollution, posing considerable health challenges to urban populations. Although epidemiological studies have shown associations between health outcomes and exposures to ambient air pollution and extreme heat, the degree to which indoor exposures and social and behavioral factors may confound or modify these observed effects remains underexplored. To address this knowledge gap, we explore the linkages between...
Topics: Air pollution, Climate change, Extreme heat, Health risks, Indoor exposure, Vulnerability
Mendeley Climate Change Library
207
207
2019
2019
by
Michael J. Gatari; Patrick L. Kinney; Beizhan Yan; Elliott Sclar; Nicole Volavka-Close; Nicole S. Ngo; Samuel Mwaniki Gaita; Peter K. Ndiba; Anthony Gachanja; Jennifer Graeff; Steven N. Chillrud
texts
eye 207
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Airborne black carbon (BC) particles have serious implications for human health and climate change and thus represent a prime target for mitigation policies. The sources of BC include vehicles burning diesel fuel, which are common in urban areas in low-income countries. The objective of this study was to examine the possible relationship between traffic and airborne BC concentrations near roadways in Nairobi, Kenya. We measured personal exposure levels of BC in Nairobi in a field campaign in...
Topics: Air pollution, Black carbon, Diesel, PM 2.5, Roadway emissions, Sub-Saharan Africa, Transportation,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
51
51
2019
2019
by
Viktória B-Béres; Béla Tóthmérész; István Bácsi; Gábor Borics; András Abonyi; Kálmán Tapolczai; Frederic Rimet; Ágnes Bouchez; Gábor Várbíró; Péter Török
texts
eye 51
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Climate change is predicted to increase drought occurrence and severity in small continental watercourses. Here, we studied the structure and the functional diversity of benthic diatom assemblages in lowland intermittent and permanent watercourses of the Carpathian Basin. We assumed that the community structure of intermittent and permanent watercourses would be markedly different, and the functional diversity in both would be strongly influenced by autumn drought. We found that intermittent...
Topics: Continental region, Diatoms, Ecosystem functioning, Intermittent streams
Black Carbon (BC) has been widely recognized as the second largest source of territorial and global climate change as well as a threat to human health. There has been serious concern of BC emission and its impact in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) due to the use of biomass and fossil fuels for cooking, transportation and industrial activities. An attempt has been made to study indoor (Liquefied Petroleum Gas- LPG & Traditional cookstoves users households) and outdoor concentrations; seasonal...
Topics: Black carbon, Firewood, HYSPLIT, Health impact, Hotspots, Radiative forcing
Mendeley Climate Change Library
53
53
2018
2018
by
Timothy David Ramm; Christopher Stephen Watson; Christopher John White
texts
eye 53
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Assessing changing coastal flood risk becomes increasingly uncertain across multi-decadal timeframes. This uncertainty is a fundamental complexity faced in vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning. Robust decision making (RDM) and dynamic adaptive policy pathways (DAPP) are two state-of-the-art decision support methods that are useful in such situations. In this study we use RDM to identify a small set of conditions that cause unacceptable impacts from coastal flooding, signifying that...
Topics: Climate change, Inundation, Tipping point, Uncertainty, Vulnerability
Coral reef ecosystems provide many important services to society. Their importance is not only proved by their beauty but also because they provide food and livelihood for millions of people in communities around the world, especially in developing countries. This paper estimates the economic value of coral ecosystems and potential impacts of climate change and fishing activities on the loss of coral reefs in Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam. Economic valuation and bioeconomic approaches are applied to...
Topics: Bioeconomic, Climate change, Coral reefs, Economic valuation, Nha Trang Bay
The paper aims at assessing agroforestry as an adaptation strategy to a changing local climate. Agroforestry is necessitated by the need to improve tree population along the Sisili River and other areas in the Kassena Nankana West District. Primary data were generated through survey methods in which questionnaires were administered to 75 agroforestry farmers. It was triangulated with eight focus group discussions and five key informant interviews. Additionally, secondary data on rainfall and...
Topics: Adaptation, Agroforestry, Climate change, Farmer, Kassena Nankana West, Local climate
Mendeley Climate Change Library
48
48
2018
2018
by
Jonathon Taylor; Paul Wilkinson; Roberto Picetti; Phil Symonds; Clare Heaviside; Helen L. Macintyre; Michael Davies; Anna Mavrogianni
texts
eye 48
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There is growing recognition of the need to improve protection against the adverse health effects of hot weather in the context of climate change. We quantify the impact of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and selected adaptation measures made to dwellings on temperature exposure and mortality in the West Midlands region of the UK. We used 1) building physics models to assess indoor temperatures, initially in the existing housing stock and then following adaptation measures (energy efficiency...
Topics: Adaptation, Dwellings, Heat, Indoor temperature, Mortality, Urban Heat Island
Mendeley Climate Change Library
52
52
2019
2019
by
Qichun Yang; Xingyuan Chen; Guoyong Leng; Yuyu Zhou; Kaiguang Zhao; Ghassem R. Asrar; Xia Li
texts
eye 52
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Effective water management and pollution control in basins like the St. Croix River Basin should consider the hydrological and biogeochemical consequences of climate change.
Topics: Climate change, Non-point source pollution, Nutrient export, Sediment load, Streamflow
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