on revenues from british slave traders. in the decades that followed under the three king george's virginians petitioned time after time to end slavery importation. the georges all refused to and during their brains or africans crossed the atlantic to america than europeans and voluntarily of course. ironically the increase in the number of slaves was more of a burden than benefit to most virginia planters. sleeves were usually unskilled and unable to speak english and they had fewer incentives to work in peace workers in the north and as they aged and fathered children they added enormous numbers of nonproductive infants and elderly to the population the planters had to support. in only 50 years from 17221770 just before the american revolution, in those 50 years virginia slave population grew almost eightfold from two to 5,000 when the problem was still controllable to nearly 200,000 or more than 90% of the white population. virginians owned 40% of all the slaves in america and with slave traders streaming up the james ri

now what makes trenton so important is that the british had almost won the war by christmas of 1776. their troops had overrun on the island, new york, westchester and most of new jersey. thousands of american troops had deserted and the british had chased the remnants of washington's army across new jersey over the delaware and in to pennsylvania.

now this butcher was the congressman that the secretary of the british in washington wrote a memoir, journal, that was later published. this british secretary described this butcher as the man who abused his privileges that the privileges to send mails free by sending home is women for his laundry. but as the british commentator pointed out, this was much of an abuse because the only said it once a week, he didn't change his shirt but once a week. [laughter] >> wayne levi to president jefferson to dinner at the white house, the butcher noted this british witness observing a leg of mutton of a miserable thing description could not help to get the legislative moment and expressing the feelings that this profession explained that in histone no such leg of mutton should ever found a play. well, that kind of person was legislating in the congress. i do know things things have changed at all. [laughter] >> but it was new for these many of these people to have the numbers of these kinds of ordinary folk. edmund randolph, who was a prominent republican, complained that the congress was full

the prime minister has said we're in afghanistan to protect british people against terrorism. and yet almost in the same breath threatens to pull out of the country if president karzai can't clean up his corrupt government. these are contradictory messages they are sending out mixed signals. can the prime minister now square that circle?vu >> we are in the country because of the threat to britain. a threat that has been seen over eight years as a result of projected and actual terrorist defenses in our country. three-quarters of which come from afghanistan and pakistan and mainly the borders of pakistan. that is why we are there to protect the streets of britain. i was right to ask president karzai to give us assurances about how in his second term he would tackle corruption. he has now announced an anticorruption task force. i gather 12 people have been arrested yesterday from within the core administration. at the same time, i've asked him to appoint district and regional governors and he has agreed to do so that are free of corruption and will deal with the problems of hand

>> every unit of the government was composed in equal parts of british and americans. that was one thing. so, yeah it was british and american. >> as far as the artifacts saved can you give a couple of examples of the better known pieces? >> there were lots of paintings that the nazis had taken from florence. we are talking about 563 paintings from the gallery taken up with and traced back and returned to florence before the end of the war. so that was the most important accomplishment. >> could you put a general percentage of the amount of artifacts that were saved? >> i think most were saved. that is not a very scientific way to put it. but it is extraordinary how much was saved or how little damage. if you think the campaign in italy covered the entire territory lasting 22 months and went from south to north and was a grueling battle all over. so in the end of their where three major buildings completely destroyed. everything else thinks to their intervention was restored after the war. >> where with the artifacts held during the war? >> everything that could be mov

literature 101 involves a set of four books by the british author. it's in egypt between the first and second world wars and the ancient city of alex andrea ya. then it proceeds to describe the same events in the fight each narrative in perspective of other participates. one wonders why read about the same event more than once? the reason is each story is different. the moral is to get a sense of reality, it's necessary to see things from more than one set of eyes. this may apply to interactions in the community in a courtroom or international relations. or what the america does may seem responsible to ourerer spective. but very different from the perspective in the european and in asia. adding eyes illuminates rather than narrows judgment. the reality 101, in the most profound political science observation of the 20th century, albert einstein said to split the atom. 9/11 taught us that the thinking must change because of the destructive power, but because of the nature of the small act. violent and social division are rooted in the hate. such though

. >> host: and yet when british india was partitioned in 1947, the two states now three, bangladesh was back in 1971, but you look at any which just finished a month of eminence elections except for a brief interlude of emergency rule under in your gandhi, the markers in india has never been interrupted and never had a military coup. it's worked and yet pakistan has at least four military coups, disrupted elections. what's the difference? >> guest: there no government in pakistan has ever fulfilled its terms. it was never successfully taken root. the politics of u.s. relations in pakistan have also always been based on personalities. if we look at post-9/11, the entire part was on president bush are. so you see no the country wants those institutions to develop an. ducey from pakistan is the only country in the world where, the only muslim country in a world where they demand the rule of law and demand judiciary. so this is a very, very unique about pakistan overlooked to other muslim countries. compared to india, it's hard to say how do you differentiate the culture. there is something

it was british and americans. >>host: as far as the artifacts save coming can you give us examples of the pattern pieces? >>guest: there were a lot of paintings that the nazis had taken from florence, 563 from the galleries and taken up north. that was the most important accomplishment. >>host: could you put a general percentage on the amount of artifacts that were saved? >>guest: i think most were saved part of that is not very scientific but it is extraordinary how much was

government in the british to intervene. they don't want to help for various reasons. >> and walker is doing all of these things like he brings back slavery in nicaragua. >> unbelievable and he had no interest gildea these napoleonic vision said he would cop role of latin america, so needless to say, the neighbors of nicaragua got a little worried about him so vanderbilt carried out this private foreign policy and started negotiating with the neighbors-- he found this guy who had been acquitted of murdering his captain it was his first mate, was acquitted because the one saw him do it. when in the captain's cabin, came out and the captain had been bludgeoned. vanderbilt sent amock to costa rica were literally a crate of gold and a bunch of rifles and he led a commando raid, some wonderful scenes, that sees all these steamboats and cut of walker from his reinforcements and it really is, something out of a comrade novel. it is just remarkable. >> or marquez. this one american scott i think it was down there. captain scott and

, so yeah, british and american. >> as far as the artifacts that were saved, can you give as a couple of examples of some of the better known pieces? >> well, there were lots of paintings and nazis had taken from florence. were talking about 563 paintings from the gallery, that were taken up north and traced back and returned to florence before the end, at the end of the war. so that was the most important accomplishment. >> could you put a general percentage on the amount of artifacts that were saved to? i think most would say that's not a very scientific way to put it, but add extraordinary how much was saved or how little damage. if you think that the command object campaign in italy, the entire territory, lasted 22 months, and what comes out to north, and it was a grueling battle all over, so in the end, there were three major buildings that were completely destroyed. everything else, thanks to their intervention, was restored after the war. >> what with the artifacts held during the war? >> everything that could be moved was taken out of the

and as i recall, the decision in that case was helping, helping the british defeat the united states is not treason against new york. it might be treason against the united states, but not against new york. so there were other cases, but they were very rare. and to my, to the best of my knowledge that was -- and i think it's well documented -- the first execution for treason against a state. yes, sir. >> do you think that john brown's confession or understanding of this trial changed as it went on? >> yes, i do. i really think that, i think that there was a change in brown. i think in the beginning that he thought that he might actually be held not, be found not guilty because of the fact that he didn't really intend to do any harm here. i think it was naive, but i think that he really did believe that, and he did really want some attorneys who might help him prove that case. very quickly, however, he changed his mind, and he decided that it was far better for him to be executeed for his noble cause than for him to be found not guilt or to escape from jail if he could have done that.

charged with treason against new york and desert recalled the decision in that case was helping the british defeat the united states is not treason against new york. it might be treason against the yen in back but not against new york said there were other cases that they were very rare and to the best of my knowledge, and i think it is well documented, the first execution for treason against a state. yes, sir. >> do you think that john brown's understanding of his trial changed as that went on? >> esi do. at i think that there was a change in brown. i think in the beginning that he thought that he might actually be found not guilty, because of the fact that he didn't really intend to do any harm. i think it was naÏve, but i think he really did believe that any did want some attorneys who might help improve that case. very quickly however, he changed his mind and he decided that it was far better for him to be executed for his noble cause then for him to be found not guilty or to escape from jail if he could've done that. yes, maam. >> one of the things that he did was to-- and it doesn't

he liked -- he quoted early 17th century british poets, he could quote pulpit, who rhymes easily. if they don't rhyme easily, they're pretty hard to quote. we may have liked elliott, but he wasn't as easy to quote, but he loved to quote pope, and things that rhymed and he could remember those rhymes. but he also read, you know, some of modern poets, you know. he was familiar with edward arlington jefferson, he read poetry and enjoyed it and understood and the last line of my book says we found in this a way of explaining transcenden ideas that prose doesn't do and my book ends with a quote, a contemporary eulogy by went democrat barry. the death abides by brief knows, we are what we have lost. >> well, as an army veteran, thank you for your service to our country. but you did mention that the chief justice and yourself because of your army experience had a fear of government. >> i can't hear you. >> i'm sorry. both the chief justice and yourself had a fear of government because of your early military experience. how did that affect his thinking in the court? >> well, i'm not sure

but the french were also act as in the british were. it was a time of turmoil. we well know for sure about anything until we establish whether he was murdered or not. but if he was, and i think we would find that if he was exhumed, because according to the reports in 1848 there was a very big hole in the back of his head. and i think that deserves investigation. what bothers me, i don't mind suicide, you know, and i don't mind somebody being called bipolar or something, but i'd mind it if you don't say how many wonderful things he accomplished. you can say he was depressed, he was an alcoholic, he was bipolar, but he also managed to start a newspaper, start a masonic lodge, published the territorial laws and function very effectively. but they don't do that. they say no, he was lazy or he was out of there. and it's just not true. he was thrown into a very dangerous situation and he knew it. and he hoped -- he left the territory in the most perfect state of tranquility about ever been in is what he wrote at the end of his life. so -- >> why do you suppose the par

it may be understandable that they would keep looking for the any where he was last seen, but as the british discovered in 1940 from the guns of singapore, fighting the last war can only bring defeat in the new war that has just broken out. the sociological factors that are often invoked to include minorities status, education, parental influence, to a greater degree of comfort jews field. the fear of being punished socially for dissenting from the political orthodoxies of the community and even lightly genetic inheritance. not surprisingly, the most original theory is down in an article by the late irving kristol wherewith his usual boldness he proposed the jews though notorious for their intelligence, are actually stupid when it comes to politics. but the most popular explanation by far traces jewish liberalism all the way back to the jewish values that are said to derive from the commandments in judaism, or more broadly the spirit of the jewish religious tradition. there is, however, a fatal flaw at the heart of the theory that the liberalism of american jews stems from the teachers of ju

virtually forced him into the hands of the british. so she was quite a dangerous person to have as an enemy, wilkinson, but he was a very early spotting that arnold's loyalties were in the balance. yes, sir. >> thank you for an excellent presentation. you've brought the the general to light. a couple of and related questions. you reside in england, did you do most of your research in europe and spain? how did you put it all together? >> qassam and spain because the of originals are the documents of spain, but a lot here because the library of congress has a wonderful collection of spanish documents relate to the united states but there's a wonderful collection of spanish documents in any case but specifically those and they have in fact as i realized later the have duplicates of all of the archives in madrid to read but i have been writing -- this is my third book of american history and gradually you acquire a lot of information about that period and something which you had written about, i had written about andrew for instance, and s

recently the british library did something very radical for a rare book library. they suffered a pretty significant theft, and they went out after the guy and caught hi. he was sentenced to two years in prison. they did make a big media splash. they really wanted to go public and send out the word that they aren't going to put up with this anymore. [inaudible question] >> ahead. >> why does he still? does he read these books? >> okay. the question is about i think how you even quantify whether a book is rare or not and why gilkey was so drawn to them. did i miss anything? does he read them? that is an easy one. no. most collectors don't read the books. they collect. they're big readers, and they enjoy -- that is why they got into book collecting is because they have been big readers and have loved books since there were children. but they want to preserve the physical book, and so they usually don't treat them. first bookfairs i went to in boston have lent by a book proof where there was a dealer who specialized in the modern first editions. somebody was walking b

i think after the first book, if i wanted to study terrorism, and i knocked on the door of the british bank i said i'm an academic. i want to work with you to find terrorist. they would have laughed. after the book, people were more much willing to open up with data and stories. i think that really, it was one of the benefits of the first book. when i first started, i thought this is going to be really a substitute for doing academic research. i'm going to end up taking a lot of time to write a popular book. but i weighed the tradeoff and said maybe i'll do it anyway. i was really wrong. one of the unintended consequences of writing a book was complimented my research. it allowed me to do things that i never could have done otherwise. >> there's a lot of research since four or five years that's really good that is good or will yield really good academic research. it was totally uninteresting for a book like this. a lot of it had to do with firms, prices, -- if we wanted to write a business book. we would. we could write about mistakes that firms have made, and the good things that come

in 2006, she was named a game of the british empire at buckingham palace that i'm working on legislation in congress to issue commemorative coin that features are as well, which would also help raise some money for the jane goodall institute. it is a tremendous program, advocacy, educational outreach, and of course her personal presence and her personal inspiration, which has touched so many of us in such an intimate way. and i know that you will enjoy her book, what she has to say, and you also have the opportunity to ask questions. and one of the truly great women of our age, it is my great honor and distinction to introduce to you doctor jane goodall. [applause] >> ththank you. well, thank you, congressman, derek. thank you for a wonderful welcome to all of you here. and i think the best i can do is to give you my traditional greeting, the voice of the chimpanzees from gandhi, the sound that would especially reach you people, to me it's one of the most provocative sounds of the african forests. hello. [laughter] >> i'm going to try do quite a lot of things this evening in quite a shor

and the british did the same animosity others. and what was the consequence? none. there's no punishment in the protocol. there is no consequence for signing and then violating the agreement. and that is the nature of universal agreement. either asked people to do nothing so of course they comply, or they often to do something serious and then they shut their eyes is that they can't see whether or not they're actually doing it. or they are a violation. now we have to ask them why the people promote universal treaties instead of taking unilateral action. and the answer is quite straightforward. if you can say, well, we can't cut our greenhouse gas emissions because after all india and china and brazil and some other rapidly developing countries are not cutting bears. it would be unfair to put our citizens, face a burden, while these other people continue to pollute, forgetting that, you know, western europe and the united states has been polluting for 200 years and china and india are just getting started. instead of stepping back and saying i have a different plan.

she was from the british government. she will be going -- can i say or is it a top secret? unofficially,. [laughter] >> unofficially, the government is sending her to tehran has the deputy chief of mission. she will be replaced, she will be succeeded, but she can't be replaced. she's done an unbelievable job. i've worked with a lot of people who were in the department. i've never seen anybody who has done a good adds job as jane. we will sorely miss her. let's see. what else do i want to say. we are also a real organizizing our international outreach. and the count parts of about 25 or 26 count parts to my job now. since the job was set up. and the germans has been coordinating that effort. and with the elections now behind us. we're going to be intensifying our effort on coordination, coordinating the international effort. the germans are appointing a new counterpart. it's part of the agreement between the cdu and the fdp. we don't know what that will be yet, unless it is announced today. and they will remain the coordinator, but we've agreed to et up an international cell

click on it for links to british parliament and legislatures around the world. you'll also see links to c-span programs dealing with other international issues. the address again is c-span.org. >> on this vote, theiers are 60, the nays are 59. three fifths voting it's agreed to. of >> translator: senate moves its healthcare bill to the floor live starting monday and through december, follow every minute of debate and how the bill will affect access to medical care, the public option, taxes, abortion and medicare on the only network that brings you the senate gavel-to-gavel. c-span2. >> now an interview with neil barofsky. he's the inspector general for the troubled relief program or t.a.r.p. he's interviewed by matt winkler. from washington, d.c., this is half hour. >> neil, you know, i'd like to begin really at the -- i think the heart of what concerns most americans at this point. you said almost four weeks ago in a report to congress, and i'm quoting, that u.s. taxpayers are extremely unlikely to earn any return on the $700 billion the government invested to

, would it be helpful for policymakers to review the history of the french colonial experience, the british and russian experience in afghanistan, the u.s. experience in vietnam, before rather than after a decision to go to war? would it be useful to study the differences between and within the world's great religions? and would anies a aspects of our history be relevant to decision making. the tactics of francis marian, who trained the best army at night, and vanished into the swamps during the day. the neh advance scholarship in these and other areas. how do you do it in public policy? this is a challenging, because it involves multiple parties, serious score -- scholars, and others. a monk in the cave maybe admirable. but wisdom that isn't shared is voiceless thought. likewise, thoughtful scholarship that is available but not pondered is prescription for social error with many costly dimensions. this is neither time for scholarly key sitting, nor vast citizenship, than ignoring or shortchanging the humanities. in the issue today is localist instincts on the other. divisions are magnified

i find that this affords many curiosities in her way as does the british museum. she thrived in the company of the strong minded women and silver tongued lecturers she found. shea brief in their passion and oratory but was never one of them and she knew it. you are such a crotchety bunch, she once said. all other men would be cause for rejoicing, you held them together. how is it now? i desire to know, she wrote, as i am one of you, i wish to know what is most becoming one of the order. unlike other abolitionists of her generation, she did not take risks the purchase will sacrifice well for comfort, or even have urgent concern for those who were enslaved. on the contrary she remained remarkably calm in the face of the brutality of slavery and racism. in most descriptions of her life including the ones she told, three decades of anti slavery struggle served mostly as backdrop, as an important essential womens lesson in degradation and rights. seneca falls offered stanton a cause about which she felt passionate and plunged in happily. lee and impatient expecting eve

one point on that is by putting a face on it, i don't necessary marine the graphic nature of the british ad that was mentioned. i wish graphic ads work. they seem to work in australia. the literature here that i've seen, if the add is too graphic, the switch goes off. the risk denial process is pretty extraordinary. the -- obviously getting young people to understand low probability, high severity risk is one of the most difficult things we do in the society. next slide please. >> i want to offer a model that many of the people in the room. it was a good data driven model. it was probably the most public private partnership. this was a real serious effort. and it started by failure. we had 24 child fatalities with 24 million pature bags in the market in 1996. we are adding pasture bags at a million a month in a low-belt use environment. that number would have grown had action not been taken. one the most important things we did, we asked and followed the advice of the iacp. i will be there sunday. that is one the most thing importants. iacp was at the table for the air bag campaign. the

that's as large as the entire british economy. the legislation congress is considering will affect every american at every level of health and at every stage of employment. when the debate -- when the debate began last year, in fact it was just this month in november that i remember eight or 10 of us from different committees met with the solemn pledge, we were going to work together in a bipartisan way to get this job done. we met again for the next six months several times. but it just didn't work out. but when that debate began last year, interested legislators of both parties, we set benchmarks that were really no brainers. health care reform should lower the cost of premiums. it should reduce the deficit. it should bend the growth curve in health care the right way, downward. now, the reid bill doesn't do any of these things. it's not too late to start over. and i guess senator baucus has put forth that invitation. i hope it materializes. if both sides can set aside some philosophical differences, and if the democratic leader

of the region but for the last 300 years others have chopped away at it so with the look at what the british took, what the russians took and all of these, all of these ancient areas, the caucasus, central asia, part of afghanistan were once hours. does that mean they want to reconquer it and set up a new person empire? i don't think so, but it is out there and that i think is what you are dealing with. i will say finally in persia there is a nice expression if someone has been gone for a long time, and you see him, very often you will say to him, were you in kandahar? [laughter] meaning, you were on the moon, and that is often the way it is the. i don't want to get into it now because i am really not so authoritative on this subject but the way the iranians and afghans looking at each other is probably the subject of a whole nother book. >> in early in washington the victims of the lack of historical perspective? [laughter] >> god forbid. >> what is the relevance of opp ahmadinejad's stated belief that the imam is on the threshold of-- and another question about sanctions, a long one. many

and yet we still have 46 million people without any health insurance and under the british model they have universal coverage. under the so-called bismarck model, the countries of germany, france, japan, switzerland, belgium, have universal coverage and debt yet if we remember their costs we see even though they are providing universal coverage in these other countries, their costs are much lower than ours. and if we look further at the quality of health care outcomes, quite an interesting story emerges because those countries have a universal care, lower-cost and if you look at quality outcomes, they do better than we do on an preventable death, which according to the commonwealth fund which is very distinguished, non-partisan, they looked at preventable deaths around the country. they found the united states came in 19th but other countries that have much lower costs and have universal coverage, for example france and japan are ranked one in two with much lower costs and universal coverage they are getting better results. and some don't even want to debate going to healthcare? i mea

the prime minister has said we're in afghanistan to protect british people against terrorism. and yet almost in the same breath threatens to pull out of the country if president karzai can't clean up his corrupt government. these are contradictory messages they are sending out mixed signals. can the prime minister now square that circle?vu >> we are in the country because of the threat to britain. a threat that has been seen over eight years as a result of projected and actual terrorist defenses in our country. three-quarters of which come from afghanistan and pakistan and mainly the borders of pakistan. that is why we are there to protect the streets of britain. i was right to ask president karzai to give us assurances about how in his second term he would tackle corruption. he has now announced an anticorruption task force. i gather 12 people have been arrested yesterday from within the core administration. at the same time, i've asked him to appoint district and regional governors and he has agreed to do so that are free of corruption and will deal with the problems of hand