now what makes trenton so important is that the british had almost won the war by christmas of 1776. their troops had overrun on the island, new york, westchester and most of new jersey. thousands of american troops had deserted and the british had chased the remnants of washington's army across new jersey over the delaware and in to pennsylvania.

and virtually forced him into the hands of the british. so he was quite a dangerous person to have as an enemy, wilkinson, but he certainly was very early spotting that arnold's loyalties were in the balance. yes, sir. >> thank you for an excellent presentation. you really brought the general to life. >> thank you. >> i got a couple of unrelated questions. you reside in england. did you do most of your research in europe and spain, here? how did you put it all together? >> well, some in spain because the originals of the documents are in spain. but a lot here. i mean, because the library of congress has a wonderful collection of spanish documents where they relate to the united states. it has a wonderful collection of spanish documents in any case but specifically those ones and they have, in fact, as i realized later -- they have duplicates of all the -- of all the archives in madrid. but i have been writing -- i mean, this is my third book of american history. and gradually you acquire a lot of information about that period. and somethin

now this butcher was the congressman that the secretary of the british in washington wrote a memoir, journal, that was later published. this british secretary described this butcher as the man who abused his privileges that the privileges to send mails free by sending home is women for his laundry. but as the british commentator pointed out, this was much of an abuse because the only said it once a week, he didn't change his shirt but once a week. [laughter] >> wayne levi to president jefferson to dinner at the white house, the butcher noted this british witness observing a leg of mutton of a miserable thing description could not help to get the legislative moment and expressing the feelings that this profession explained that in histone no such leg of mutton should ever found a play. well, that kind of person was legislating in the congress. i do know things things have changed at all. [laughter] >> but it was new for these many of these people to have the numbers of these kinds of ordinary folk. edmund randolph, who was a prominent republican, complained that the congress was full

it may be understandable that they would keep looking for the any where he was last seen, but as the british discovered in 1940 from the guns of singapore, fighting the last war can only bring defeat in the new war that has just broken out. the sociological factors that are often invoked to include minorities status, education, parental influence, to a greater degree of comfort jews field. the fear of being punished socially for dissenting from the political orthodoxies of the community and even lightly genetic inheritance. not surprisingly, the most original theory is down in an article by the late irving kristol wherewith his usual boldness he proposed the jews though notorious for their intelligence, are actually stupid when it comes to politics. but the most popular explanation by far traces jewish liberalism all the way back to the jewish values that are said to derive from the commandments in judaism, or more broadly the spirit of the jewish religious tradition. there is, however, a fatal flaw at the heart of the theory that the liberalism of american jews stems from the teachers of ju

i find that this affords many curiosities in her way as does the british museum. she thrived in the company of the strong minded women and silver tongued lecturers she found. shea brief in their passion and oratory but was never one of them and she knew it. you are such a crotchety bunch, she once said. all other men would be cause for rejoicing, you held them together. how is it now? i desire to know, she wrote, as i am one of you, i wish to know what is most becoming one of the order. unlike other abolitionists of her generation, she did not take risks the purchase will sacrifice well for comfort, or even have urgent concern for those who were enslaved. on the contrary she remained remarkably calm in the face of the brutality of slavery and racism. in most descriptions of her life including the ones she told, three decades of anti slavery struggle served mostly as backdrop, as an important essential womens lesson in degradation and rights. seneca falls offered stanton a cause about which she felt passionate and plunged in happily. lee and impatient expecting eve

recently the british library did something very radical for a rare book library. they suffered a pretty significant theft, and they went out after the guy and caught hi. he was sentenced to two years in prison. they did make a big media splash. they really wanted to go public and send out the word that they aren't going to put up with this anymore. [inaudible question] >> ahead. >> why does he still? does he read these books? >> okay. the question is about i think how you even quantify whether a book is rare or not and why gilkey was so drawn to them. did i miss anything? does he read them? that is an easy one. no. most collectors don't read the books. they collect. they're big readers, and they enjoy -- that is why they got into book collecting is because they have been big readers and have loved books since there were children. but they want to preserve the physical book, and so they usually don't treat them. first bookfairs i went to in boston have lent by a book proof where there was a dealer who specialized in the modern first editions. somebody was walking b

. >> host: and yet when british india was partitioned in 1947, the two states now three, bangladesh was back in 1971, but you look at any which just finished a month of eminence elections except for a brief interlude of emergency rule under in your gandhi, the markers in india has never been interrupted and never had a military coup. it's worked and yet pakistan has at least four military coups, disrupted elections. what's the difference? >> guest: there no government in pakistan has ever fulfilled its terms. it was never successfully taken root. the politics of u.s. relations in pakistan have also always been based on personalities. if we look at post-9/11, the entire part was on president bush are. so you see no the country wants those institutions to develop an. ducey from pakistan is the only country in the world where, the only muslim country in a world where they demand the rule of law and demand judiciary. so this is a very, very unique about pakistan overlooked to other muslim countries. compared to india, it's hard to say how do you differentiate the culture. there is something

i think after the first book, if i wanted to study terrorism, and i knocked on the door of the british bank i said i'm an academic. i want to work with you to find terrorist. they would have laughed. after the book, people were more much willing to open up with data and stories. i think that really, it was one of the benefits of the first book. when i first started, i thought this is going to be really a substitute for doing academic research. i'm going to end up taking a lot of time to write a popular book. but i weighed the tradeoff and said maybe i'll do it anyway. i was really wrong. one of the unintended consequences of writing a book was complimented my research. it allowed me to do things that i never could have done otherwise. >> there's a lot of research since four or five years that's really good that is good or will yield really good academic research. it was totally uninteresting for a book like this. a lot of it had to do with firms, prices, -- if we wanted to write a business book. we would. we could write about mistakes that firms have made, and the good things that come

in 2006, she was named a game of the british empire at buckingham palace that i'm working on legislation in congress to issue commemorative coin that features are as well, which would also help raise some money for the jane goodall institute. it is a tremendous program, advocacy, educational outreach, and of course her personal presence and her personal inspiration, which has touched so many of us in such an intimate way. and i know that you will enjoy her book, what she has to say, and you also have the opportunity to ask questions. and one of the truly great women of our age, it is my great honor and distinction to introduce to you doctor jane goodall. [applause] >> ththank you. well, thank you, congressman, derek. thank you for a wonderful welcome to all of you here. and i think the best i can do is to give you my traditional greeting, the voice of the chimpanzees from gandhi, the sound that would especially reach you people, to me it's one of the most provocative sounds of the african forests. hello. [laughter] >> i'm going to try do quite a lot of things this evening in quite a shor

but the french were also act as in the british were. it was a time of turmoil. we well know for sure about anything until we establish whether he was murdered or not. but if he was, and i think we would find that if he was exhumed, because according to the reports in 1848 there was a very big hole in the back of his head. and i think that deserves investigation. what bothers me, i don't mind suicide, you know, and i don't mind somebody being called bipolar or something, but i'd mind it if you don't say how many wonderful things he accomplished. you can say he was depressed, he was an alcoholic, he was bipolar, but he also managed to start a newspaper, start a masonic lodge, published the territorial laws and function very effectively. but they don't do that. they say no, he was lazy or he was out of there. and it's just not true. he was thrown into a very dangerous situation and he knew it. and he hoped -- he left the territory in the most perfect state of tranquility about ever been in is what he wrote at the end of his life. so -- >> why do you suppose the par

charged with treason against new york and desert recalled the decision in that case was helping the british defeat the united states is not treason against new york. it might be treason against the yen in back but not against new york said there were other cases that they were very rare and to the best of my knowledge, and i think it is well documented, the first execution for treason against a state. yes, sir. >> do you think that john brown's understanding of his trial changed as that went on? >> esi do. at i think that there was a change in brown. i think in the beginning that he thought that he might actually be found not guilty, because of the fact that he didn't really intend to do any harm. i think it was naÏve, but i think he really did believe that any did want some attorneys who might help improve that case. very quickly however, he changed his mind and he decided that it was far better for him to be executed for his noble cause then for him to be found not guilty or to escape from jail if he could've done that. yes, maam. >> one of the things that he did was to-- and it doesn't

and as i recall, the decision in that case was helping, helping the british defeat the united states is not treason against new york. it might be treason against the united states, but not against new york. so there were other cases, but they were very rare. and to my, to the best of my knowledge that was -- and i think it's well documented -- the first execution for treason against a state. yes, sir. >> do you think that john brown's confession or understanding of this trial changed as it went on? >> yes, i do. i really think that, i think that there was a change in brown. i think in the beginning that he thought that he might actually be held not, be found not guilty because of the fact that he didn't really intend to do any harm here. i think it was naive, but i think that he really did believe that, and he did really want some attorneys who might help him prove that case. very quickly, however, he changed his mind, and he decided that it was far better for him to be executeed for his noble cause than for him to be found not guilt or to escape from jail if he could have done that.

on revenues from british slave traders. in the decades that followed under the three king george's virginians petitioned time after time to end slavery importation. the georges all refused to and during their brains or africans crossed the atlantic to america than europeans and voluntarily of course. ironically the increase in the number of slaves was more of a burden than benefit to most virginia planters. sleeves were usually unskilled and unable to speak english and they had fewer incentives to work in peace workers in the north and as they aged and fathered children they added enormous numbers of nonproductive infants and elderly to the population the planters had to support. in only 50 years from 17221770 just before the american revolution, in those 50 years virginia slave population grew almost eightfold from two to 5,000 when the problem was still controllable to nearly 200,000 or more than 90% of the white population. virginians owned 40% of all the slaves in america and with slave traders streaming up the james ri

>> every unit of the government was composed in equal parts of british and americans. that was one thing. so, yeah it was british and american. >> as far as the artifacts saved can you give a couple of examples of the better known pieces? >> there were lots of paintings that the nazis had taken from florence. we are talking about 563 paintings from the gallery taken up with and traced back and returned to florence before the end of the war. so that was the most important accomplishment. >> could you put a general percentage of the amount of artifacts that were saved? >> i think most were saved. that is not a very scientific way to put it. but it is extraordinary how much was saved or how little damage. if you think the campaign in italy covered the entire territory lasting 22 months and went from south to north and was a grueling battle all over. so in the end of their where three major buildings completely destroyed. everything else thinks to their intervention was restored after the war. >> where with the artifacts held during the war? >> everything that could be mov

and the british did the same animosity others. and what was the consequence? none. there's no punishment in the protocol. there is no consequence for signing and then violating the agreement. and that is the nature of universal agreement. either asked people to do nothing so of course they comply, or they often to do something serious and then they shut their eyes is that they can't see whether or not they're actually doing it. or they are a violation. now we have to ask them why the people promote universal treaties instead of taking unilateral action. and the answer is quite straightforward. if you can say, well, we can't cut our greenhouse gas emissions because after all india and china and brazil and some other rapidly developing countries are not cutting bears. it would be unfair to put our citizens, face a burden, while these other people continue to pollute, forgetting that, you know, western europe and the united states has been polluting for 200 years and china and india are just getting started. instead of stepping back and saying i have a different plan.

it was british and americans. >>host: as far as the artifacts save coming can you give us examples of the pattern pieces? >>guest: there were a lot of paintings that the nazis had taken from florence, 563 from the galleries and taken up north. that was the most important accomplishment. >>host: could you put a general percentage on the amount of artifacts that were saved? >>guest: i think most were saved part of that is not very scientific but it is extraordinary how much was

, so yeah, british and american. >> as far as the artifacts that were saved, can you give as a couple of examples of some of the better known pieces? >> well, there were lots of paintings and nazis had taken from florence. were talking about 563 paintings from the gallery, that were taken up north and traced back and returned to florence before the end, at the end of the war. so that was the most important accomplishment. >> could you put a general percentage on the amount of artifacts that were saved to? i think most would say that's not a very scientific way to put it, but add extraordinary how much was saved or how little damage. if you think that the command object campaign in italy, the entire territory, lasted 22 months, and what comes out to north, and it was a grueling battle all over, so in the end, there were three major buildings that were completely destroyed. everything else, thanks to their intervention, was restored after the war. >> what with the artifacts held during the war? >> everything that could be moved was taken out of the

government in the british to intervene. they don't want to help for various reasons. >> and walker is doing all of these things like he brings back slavery in nicaragua. >> unbelievable and he had no interest gildea these napoleonic vision said he would cop role of latin america, so needless to say, the neighbors of nicaragua got a little worried about him so vanderbilt carried out this private foreign policy and started negotiating with the neighbors-- he found this guy who had been acquitted of murdering his captain it was his first mate, was acquitted because the one saw him do it. when in the captain's cabin, came out and the captain had been bludgeoned. vanderbilt sent amock to costa rica were literally a crate of gold and a bunch of rifles and he led a commando raid, some wonderful scenes, that sees all these steamboats and cut of walker from his reinforcements and it really is, something out of a comrade novel. it is just remarkable. >> or marquez. this one american scott i think it was down there. captain scott and

he liked -- he quoted early 17th century british poets, he could quote pulpit, who rhymes easily. if they don't rhyme easily, they're pretty hard to quote. we may have liked elliott, but he wasn't as easy to quote, but he loved to quote pope, and things that rhymed and he could remember those rhymes. but he also read, you know, some of modern poets, you know. he was familiar with edward arlington jefferson, he read poetry and enjoyed it and understood and the last line of my book says we found in this a way of explaining transcenden ideas that prose doesn't do and my book ends with a quote, a contemporary eulogy by went democrat barry. the death abides by brief knows, we are what we have lost. >> well, as an army veteran, thank you for your service to our country. but you did mention that the chief justice and yourself because of your army experience had a fear of government. >> i can't hear you. >> i'm sorry. both the chief justice and yourself had a fear of government because of your early military experience. how did that affect his thinking in the court? >> well, i'm not sure