as tom shannon likes to say, the challenge for the u.s. and brazilian government is to catch up and line it policy to this reality. and that's wh why tom shannon is here today, help us understand the landscape in this hopeful, hopefully post-snowden air. let me now turn the program over to brazil institute chair tony herrington. tony served as u.s. ambassador to brazil in the clinton administration and is chair of the managing board of the albright group. welcome, tony. >> thank you, jane. >> thank you, jane, and thank you for the fine leadership that you bring to this important institution here in washington, energy and reached of the programs under your leadership. i first met tom shannon in 1999 when i was unexpectedly preparing to go to brasilia as u.s. ambassador. not something i had envisioned, but with a mandate from president clinton to upgrade an important and as most of you know, under attended bilateral relationship. happily, i also met this other fell on the stage, alice otero, about the same time. to folks who accelerated my a

tom standage, what do cicero and twitter have in common? >> guest: well, the idea of the book is that social media is a very old idea. we think that it's recent and that only people alive today have ever done it. but really what i'm arguing there's a very long and rich tradition of social media that goes back in fact to the era of cicero, the late roman republican of the first century bc. the point is you don't need a digital network to do social media. if you have one it goes faster but cicero did it with papyrus rolls, and members of the legion were linked to him and they spoke to each other. and there were many other examples that occur throughout history. martin luther, using pamphlets. poetry. tom paine and his pamphlet, common sense, and the pamphlets were used in the runup to the revolutions. when we use social media today it's the a version of the way media operated. >> you write for wealthy romans the distinction between letter writing and conversation was further blurred by the custom of dictating outgoing letters to describes and

to sure that tom's dream, tom's life, the examples of the award e recipient with us and those unable to come like the dalai lama bring out in each of us our own commitments to what we will do to further the cause of human rights universal human rights for every man, woman, boy and girl in the world. it is certainly what tom would expect us to do. to hold high his ideal. bicepping this award and knowing tom wouldn't let me off the hook otherwise. it's something i will continue to be committed to in every way that i can with every fiber of my being. because the kind of world we want is a tbhorld which the nelson mandelas and the tom lantoss can be proud. thank you very much. [applause] [applause] coming up tonight in about 20 minute we'll bring you highlights from today's memorial service in johannesburg. with remarks from president obama and other world leaders. that's tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern. again right here on c-span2. programs for next year. in it language strengthening for victims of military assault. it also keeps open grant moe bay. we spoke with a capitol hill reporter th

tom is a self-starter. tom developed his practice by looking at the most likely route for cases to get to the supreme court and the lower courts are divided. one of the functions the supreme court sees for itself, harmonize how the law is enforced and viewed around the country. and so when that is what they call a circuit split, that's a likely case for the supreme court. tom developed a way to analyze the circuit split and to start saying maybe that's th a case tt can come to the supreme court. a lot of big law firms in washington were killed in a scotusblog. they had the people to do it. they had the smarts to do. they didn't do it. so one of the things we have to celebrate here today i think is the incredible spirit of entrepreneurship that kind to have brought to this, and they will never tell you that. but having imitators that have tried to be like scotusblog that have fizzled out in the heat of the sun pretty fast. so it's an enormous the congressman and they make it sound like it was just as easy as

so you are, said tom. our eyes lifted over the rose beds to the hot line and we refuse of the dog days along the shore. slowly the white winds of the boat moved against the cool limit of the sky. ahead lay the scalloped ocean and the abounding blessed isles. sport for you, said tom. i would like to be with him for an hour. we had lunch in in the dining room, dark and two against the heat and drank down there is gay and with a cold a. what do we do with ourselves this afternoon, cried daisy, and the day after that and the next 30 years? don't be morbid. life starts all over again when it gets chris in the fall. but it is so hot, insisted daisy on the verge of tears and everything is so confused. let's go into town. her voice struggled through the heat bearing against it, molding it senselessly into forms. i heard of making a garage out of a stable, tom was saying, but i am the first man who made a stable lot of a garage. who wants to go to town demanded daisy incessantly. gad's the's eyes floated toward her

>> well, i'm not an expert, but tom and my recent deposition set scientology was finishing its divorce, big surprise. my experience -- this has been unusual for me as a reporter. i've never been involved in a story with so many people that i want to talk to have signed nondisclosure agreements that are credibly punitive so that if somebody who is close to tom cruise, for instance, were to tell her story, should these millions of dollars of regret be facing her. i'm not saying that's the truth with his former wives, but they've all been very quiet and people around cruz and people that are close into scientology often have signed such agreements. >> this is a pretty basic question. i would like for you to sell me a little bit about what is their the system? i mean, they are called the church. does that mean they believe in god, they believe in jesus? did they read the bible or a day worshipers to read the books? today have a creed? e-mail, the 10 commandments. what a scientology command? >> those are not naÏve questions. it is interesting because on the one hand, the church doles itsel

tom was the director in the southern cone at the time. it was apparent that tom was not only knowledgeable about brazil but developed an unusual awareness and affection while serving to a prior u.s. ambassador. with tom's advice we were able to conclude a lot of significant agreements and open new space in the u.s.-brazil cooperation. tom has been a rising star in our foreign service since then. serving as whitehouse senior direct and assistant director of the state for the western hemsphire. and with informal indication from the brazilian government that they would be delighted to see tom back in brazil. he served as an accomplished ambassador to brazil and returned long enough to add a couple gray hair and serving as political aware at the request of secretary clinton. two jobs, one salary, i believe it was. last year, tom was nominateed and c-- nominated -- to the ambassador ranking and that is a rare recognition given to only 53 diplomats over the last 50 years. and secretary kerry, as jane noted, has brought tom to the int int interc

tom is right. number one, adam the pack was on -- who writes for the new times, with talk about this phenomenon at a seminar earlier this year and he said you just get better the longer you stay on the supreme court beat because you understand the institution that much better. you know more about the case law. there's a reason people look over the supreme court tend to stay there. but the other part of it is, we could talk all day about whether the supreme court is political in the sense that it follows the election returns as has been nobody said, but it's fundamentally not a political branch. these folks are appointed for life. it's not like the congress but it's not like an executive branch agency. the sort of day-to-day push and pull, political appointee, who is in, who's out stuff that you want to try to insulate yourself from if you're covering an executive branch agency or the white house or clinical institution or candidate. it doesn't really apply at the supreme court. fundamentally the co

[inaudible] >> guest: tom and i., i love reading, we read about ordinary men who rise to extraordinary circumstances. the part of everything that this is our first collaboration. i've written about ordinary sailors, ordinary marines, ordinary earning security card. we were down in quantico a few years back about three years back now. we were receiving some award and a friend of ours who is an official during a terry historian happened to say, he wasn't pitching about. i was like wait a minute, there's the seminole, turquoise, custer's last stand. lots of indians won battles. he said no, he didn't win a battle. he won a war. i look inside the have to look into this. that's a shame about. >> it took a few years, but the sub title talks about the untold story of red cloud. i'm not saying no is heard of red clad paper u.s. 10 people, night of the most say i don't know the red cloud is community is arguably the most significant, certainly the most successful american indian in the 1800s. .. >> all right, thank you. >> in mayor 1%, kari lydersen argues that rahm emanuel represents the wealth

as an episcopalian, we find the middle way, tom. [laughter] 53 autumns ago in the 1960 general election for president, john kennedy said this: if by a liberal they mean someone who looks ahead and not behind, someone who welcomes new ideas without rigid reactions, someone who cares about the welfare of the people -- their health, their housing, their school, their jobs, their civil rights and civil liberties -- someone who believes we can breakthrough the stalemate and suspicion that grip us in our policies abroad, if that is what they mean by liberal, then i'm proud to say i'm a liberal. as andrew and stephen write in their introduction to their father's letters, arthur schlessinger jr. helped kennedy craft those words. the letters, which are a marvelous book, chronicles the late historian's views really from world war for through the -- world war ii through the second iraq war. you can read letters from adelaide stevenson, john kennedy, robert kennedy, henry kissinger, william f. buckley jr., al gore, gore vidal, jacqueline kenned

tom's reputation as msx scientology. just how powerful is he scientology and what roles does he play for the church? >> well, tom cruise has been a visible face of scientology for decades now. there's no more famous or influential scientology is in the church sent out ron hubbard created it. you know, from the beginning, the church wanted an exemplary figure that could stand for the church. they didn't give bob hope. they didn't get walt disney, but they did get tom cruise. they really got in. very devoted member of the church. david vaskevitch, leader of the church now says every minute -- i forgot what the figures, but some 5000 people are weak and to the idea of scientology because of talkers. no way of knowing how to evaluate such as david. there is no question that people know about scientology because of tom cruise. of course when you say celebrity megaphone, you are tied to their behavior. sometimes that is not always an advantage for the organist nation that is represented by a celebrity. but if all the celebriti

we're also welcoming tom brokaw back. [applause] he was honored when he delivered an inspiring talk to graduating seniors and we are thrilled to have him back on campus for this conversation. l i will turn things over to john and to say give for reading this conversation for these extraordinary event to share their sense of impersonal understanding of arthur schlesinger, jr.. figure. take you. [applause] >> i want to say quickly all of you who have taken the trouble to talk about the issues space at the wisdom and talent from when he signs alone. [laughter] -- the globe but moving on. now you have to do a sock up. [laughter] >> 53 autumns ago 1960 general election campaign committee said this. if by a liberal somebody who looks ahead and not behind or someone who cares about the welfare for their schools or jobs or civil rights or civil liberties or the stalemate of suspicion suspicion, if that is what they mean by a liberal that i am proud to say i am a liberal. ashes teeeighteen and andrew write in their introduction th

but also and this is not from tom joe bean but from tom shannon, brazil is not for short timers. it's not for people who are going to come in and come out. it's for people who are prepared to make a long-term commitment simply because it does take a long time to establish yourself and then to find a way forward. we believe that given the direction that brazil is going and given the size of its domestic market and given a platform that could be for exports into the region and beyond it is attractive to american industries but again you know, we have very clear instructions from the president and from the secretary of state and the secretary of commerce that our number one priority is commercial diplomacy. this was my priority and i'm sure it is dilma rouseff's priority as the ambassador. although i'm not there now i recommend you work closely with the embassy in their consulates because we will provide all the help we can. >> paul johnson. thank you so much pablo and ambassador shannon it's always good to hear you talk. we have heard over the years about opportunities for trilater

wilson center knows a lot about brazil, and so does our keynote speaker and good friend, ambassador tom shannon. our brazil institute is the premier place in washington for dialogue on u.s. brazil policy. we were first to honor dilma rousseff and sponsored the brazil economic conference. we regularly hosted brazilian government and legislative in our interest a platform to air the good, the bad and the ugly in our relationship.

manipulating them into those below them so my argument to them is that it is not timothy mcveigh is tom jones who was your model the right who makes common cause and recognizes his plight -- >> host: explain who that is. >> guest: timothy as the oklahoma city bomber and a tom jones is the hero of the john steinbeck novels of the great depression who is a displaced migrant on his way moving to california. both in and possible. farmers who wrote them off and he finally realizes that it's not the other guys that are trying to make a buck that's the problem. it's the people above him. he then goes off and he says to his mother in the great scene can't you just see him sitting next to the candle saying to his mother wherever there's a man looking for a job that's where i will be? said as i see a said at the ends fascinating to me that both timothy mcveigh and john mandela -- nelson mandela, the guys like tom jones or bruce springsteen as another example, working class who makes common cause with those below him rather than turns them into the enemy. >> host: is the what's the matter with kan

we know what netanyahu is saying but tom? >> that's a very good question. the next question over here. [laughter] even paranoids have enemies as dr. kissinger said and the fact is under ahmadinejad he did have a regime that you know they will always say that was the exact with the right translation. we want to wipe you off the map but you know we had a regime leader who played -- made extremely hostile statements about israel. any israeli leader including ehud ahmed believed it was prudent for israel to take steps to try to engineer lovell sanctions and even if necessary threaten war to ensure that iran did not get a nuclear weapon. so i don't think that is wrong or it was crazy at all. i do though i have been critical of the fact that i think it can't also be an excuse for not working on the israeli-palestinian front and there are people who expect to some degree it was a legitimate threat. what you have in israel is diversity of opinion but what israel should do a about it. we know this former generals have come out against any military option and really

tom is a healt health care expe. he's written two books on this subject to elections across the subject of. is a very close personal friend. he's a senior advisor and he's agreed to join us today. and tom will give a presentation and take some questions and answers. tom, thank you very much. welcome tom daschle. [applause] >> byron, thank you very much for that generous introduction. thank you all for your warm reception this morning. i really appreciate the opportunity to be with you and to talk as denis edney, about something that we all care deeply about. and i think it is appropriate that i'm the third in this line of midwestern speakers, minnesota, north dakota. the gateway to south dakota and it's only appropriate that i come third. denis and byron and i grew up in states where, in most of the kids you put in turning and leaving on the same post. those kids are about seven years old before they realize the name of the town isn't resume speed. so we have a lot in common. but obviously you can understand why i'm

of joe scarborough and tom delay and newt gingrich, carl rove and whoosh. the people driving the debate in our party were from the deep south. now you have chris christie in new jersey. i don't thinhe's aerate scott walker in wisconsin. scott is obviously a conservative guy, but paul ryan also added wisconsin. geographical we're starting to move north. ideologically i thought it was interesting you saw kelly ayotte in new hampshire, in one of the few people who stood up during the government shutdown saying, is -- enough is enough. i was glad to see pat toomey take a couple of courageous stands as well on a lot of different issues. i think it's really good news the republican party is broken out of my region and is now starting to influence elections in the northeast, the midwest, and who knows, maybe even in the far west. and here's the thing. if we want to be a national party again, we are going to have to do that. in 2008, 2009, 2010 there wasn't a single republican representing anybody in new england. hopefully we're turning that around because we've go

i think that tom wheeler himself is one who has led industries that have been seeking to expand and to deploy and to invest. he has a very keen appreciation for those things that limit investment. and there's nothing that limits investment more than lack of certainty and predictability. so where there's a regulatory overhang that creates uncertainty and unpredictability, that limits investment. so i'm very, i'm very optimistic that we're going to see a commission that's going to focus on objectives and goals, investment, deployment and not focus so much on the traditional regulatory means that's been kind of the hallmark of the fcc. >> host: you're watching "the communicators" on c-span. our guest this week is watter mccormick -- walter mccormick, president and ceo of u.s. telecom. our reporter is howard buskirk of "communications daily." mr. mccormick, looking at the new fcc with five members, do you see net neutrality, net management coming back as a front burner issue? >> guest: i cannot imagine that it would be a front burner issue. i think that it's one of those issues that's been

tom standage, what do cicero and twitter have in common? >> guest: well, the idea of the book is that social media is a very old idea. we think that it's recent and only people alive today have ever done it. but really what i'm arguing is there's a very long and rich tradition of social media that goes back to the era of cicero, so that's the first century b.c., and the point is that you don't need a digital network to do social media. if you have one, it goes faster, but you could actually do it in the old days. cicero did it with papyrus rolls and ore members -- other members of the roman elites were linked to him and all spoke to each other, and it's very much a social environment. but there are many examples that occur throughout history, martin luther and his use of pamphlets, thomas paine and his pamphlet, "common sense," and the way they were used more broadly in the runup to the american and french revolutions. really what i'm arguing is when we use social media today, it's a reversion, actually, to the way media operated for centur

my name is tom sosnoff. i have been in the chicago money world for a pretty long time, almost 33 years. started at chicago board options exchange, build sink or swim and i would building a financial media company called tastytrade. i'm excited to be here. a little different than a user do. i've been on the vote for 13 years doing talks about financial engagement opportunities empowerment. now i'm talking about the benjamin. critical. never talked about money before. trying to keep a light. i know everybody wants to have some fun today. thank you again so much for coming out. it's an amazing lineup and some people i know come some people i work with, some people i just met today for the first time. it's kind of an incredible assortment, so i hope you enjoyed. i thought i would start off with a fun little story. when brad or whoever called me up and said which is like to speak at chicago ideas week, i was bitching at them because i'd never done before, this was the first time asked and i said what's the topic?

it is tom jones who is your model. the one who makes common cause, who recognizes his wife. >> host: expanded that is. >> guest: to make the goodbye everyone knows is the oklahoma city bomber. tom jones is the grapes of wrath, a guy who was displaced a migrant oakey on his way to california outfitted a cynical -- impossible bureaucratic odds. farmers who ripped them off. he finally realized that it's not the other guys who are trying to make the bugs that are the problem. it is the people above him. he then goes off and says to his mother in the great scene, can't you just see henry fonda sitting there by the candlelight sameness to his mother? wherever there's a man looking for a job, that's where i'll be. so tom jones at the end is fascinating to me that both timothy mcveigh and nelson mandela used the same poem as their motto, that guys like tom jones or bruce springsteen is another example, white working class guys who make common cause with those below him rather than turns them into the enemy. >> host: the thomas

. >> tom standage is here with us and he is the author of "writing on the wall" what is your day job? >> i am a digital editor at the economist and part of that led to my interest in historical media. we have returning to the way things used to work. and the economist came out of culture of clubs and coffee shops and discussions. there is a lot we can learn from looking at the history of how we should deal with the changes in the media environment place. >> how did tom pain contribute to the american revolution? >> he took advantage of the social media environment that was constructed by ben franklin. ben franklin constructed a platform for social discourse. he was a publisher and one of the many jobs was postmaster general for the american colony. he improved the efficiency of the postal service. and he made a rule that newspaper publishers could use the service for me and collaborate with other papers. it is mostly letters from scribers or speeches or reports of funny happenings or stuff copied from other newspapers. there are not professional journalist writing reports. this is a s

looking back at his 20 years in office, it is clear how much tom menino has done for our city. mayor menino revitalized boston, from the waterfront and the own ovation district -- innovation district to dudley square and rocksbury, he expanded our neighborhoods, livable parks and creative spaces, and created a city whose potential is unlimited. mayor menino worked for boston with confirm convictions, he cautioned against predatory lenders starting the "don't borrow trouble" long before the great recession. with political will and courage, he improved education for all our kids, creating full-day current gardekindergarten and ms school some of the best in the country. with foresight of the next frontiers, he fought for hospitals and scientific research, giving boston the world's leading health care institutions. and with fierce moral clarity, he stood firmly for equality, equal opportunity for immigrants, equal rights and equal marriage for the lgbt community, equal pay for women. but perhaps most importantly, mayor menino has been there for boston. now, it's often said that mor

i will tell you frankly, tom wheeler is probably more knowledgeable about structure spectrum auctions than the rest of the fcc staff combined but i would also tell them this. as that spectrum is auctioned off don't underestimate the importance of the need for dramatic investment in terrestrially based wireline fiber infrastructure because all of this data is going to travel that last connection via wireless is going to drop into a wireline-based network and we are going to need to have the wherewithal to make dramatic investment in the fiber infrastructure and that wireline networks of policies regarding wireline ,-com,-com, fiber in the ip transition continue to be just every bit as important as anything you do on the wireless side. >> guest: the money is centered around verizon and at&t and no one else has the money to compete in this auction. should there be set there be set-asides? >> guest: these are large companies. t-mobile ,-com,-com ma sprint, these are large multinational companies and so historically they have the wherewithal to pay for spectrum. you know it's a balance bec

tom, i want to turn to you now and talk about kuwait counterfeit financing laws. one of the points that beth mixup, points out in her paper is that kuwait became attractive as they have for this kind of either fundraising. because its laws are particularly lacks. can you talk about that? can you put kuwait's laws in the context of the gulf and in the region? are they particularly lacks? >> sure, okay, just by adding my congratulations to beth on the paper. i think to answer the question you need to go back to 1989 to i won't take too long to get to the present-day but in 1989 the financial action task force was set up and initially it was set up to counter money laundering, the function of the trade from latin america. fast forward to 9/11, and in fact one of the things which is often overlooked is the first shot in the global war on terrorism fired by the then administration was a financial shock, executive order which basically put in place the option for -- sanctioned organizations that seem to be financing terrorist organizations. the same time the ball was th

tom? >> there's a sort of bigger picture issue here as welt, which is that -- one is a specific recommendation are deemed to be a vulnerable in the counter terrorist finance effort. so things like are talking about may well be scrifn by -- driven by the fact that controlling where charitable monies are going not just where they're going but being received from is something which the global threat finance community looks at closely. now there are -- there's a not forum for this but there are unintended consequences of nap but monetarying where they are going. so trying to corral that going through safe corridor where you know with the money is going. something that countries are heavily incentivized to do if they want to get a clean bill of health. >> another question here. >> thank you. [inaudible] iraq embassy. thank you for an informative panel. very informative. one question maybe a little bit of personal experience on what kind of insurgency which i was young and crazy. i was part of a

calling charles krauthammer a liberal, tom coburn or liberal, scott walker liberal, chris christie a liberal because they didn't believe we should shut down the government? the government shutdown strategy was about the stupidest strategy imaginable. you could see that coming, that disaster coming. as my professor said like a freight train out of the mist, slowly coming your direction about to run you over. no. you could see it for four weeks. no. i mean, come on. get out of the way. that is what krauthammer walker and myself for saying and they didn't do it. i talked to somebody that was, we will just say he played pretty big role in this strategy. i went into his office and i said dude, what were you thinking? you just thought wrong. your problem is and this is what krauthammer said, the crisis. he said these guys think this makes them look more manly or something. they don't realize it makes them look like idiots. and i said to this guy, this would he like the coach of the dallas cowboys. deciding when it was fourth and 31 instead of hunting they run the quarterback sneak. maybe y

is. >> guest: timothy mcveigh knows as the bomber, and tom jones is the hero of the grapes of wrath, the john steinbeck novel about the great depression, displaced a my grant moving to california, buffeted by cynical elites, you know, impossible bureaucratic odds, you know, farmers who ripped them off, and he finally realized that it's not the other guys who are trying to make a buck that are the problem. it is the people who are above him. >> host: right. >> guest: he then goes off and he says to the mother in the grape scene, i just -- can't you just see the candle light saying this to his mother, you know, wherever there's a man, you know, looking for a job, that's where i'll be. he, tom jones, or as i say at the end, it's fascinating to me that both timothy mcveigh and nelson mandela used the same poem, evictus, as their theme, and white working class guy making common cause with those below him rather than, you know, and rather than turning them into the enemy. >> yeah, i mean, it's the thomas frank, what's the matter with kansas idea that you quote in the book, which is this ar

tom carper is an honorable man, a man ever integrity. this is a controversial nomination on the other side of the aisle. there are some who question the integrity of mr. mayorkas and his fitness to be chosen for this position. i've met him. he makes a very positive impression and a very strong case that he should continue in public service. but what i respect the most is that my colleague, senator tom carper, chairman of this committee, has gone to extraordinary lengths to investigate every allegation, to answer every question, and to be there to work with the other side of the aisle, to try to resolve any problems that they have with this nomination. sadly, he's not been successful. there are still some on the other side who will oppose him. but i spoke to senator reid, the majority leader, earlier this week and said, if tom carper believes that alejandro mayorkas is an honorable man, based on his investigation, i trust tom carper. i don't believe he would ever mislead the american people, the people of delaware, or the united states se

. >> there is is this one question i will not ask you but what do you think of tom delay? [applause] he deprived me of floating on who might voted for 30 years. i'm just as mad at the democrats >> i'm going to do one more thing and then not take any more questions. tom did something i think all of you would appreciate, and i had worked for many years to try to get the sales taxes on the federal income taxes. i worked for ten years and he did a great job in getting a that along with congressman kevin brady into the bill and we worked together to keep in the conference report said the next two years or the next year we would be able to dig up the sales taxes in the federal income tax, which will mean a lot to texans and those that live and other states that don't have an income tax the do have a sales tax. i do think that we have to point out some of the other things that are being done. there was another tractor that i wanted to point out because this was the only chapter that i had the kind of battle with my editor and publisher and that is in the women's art section. i pr

the clerk: a bill tommed the safe drinking water act to exempt certain lead pipes, fit, fixtures and solider and flux that contain brass. the presiding officer: i object to any further proceedings with respect to the reading of this bill at this time. the presiding officer: without objection, the bill will be placed on the calendar. mr. reid: mr. president, on monday, there will be a series of roll call votes starting at 5:30 in the evening. those votes will be on confirmation of the patterson nomination for assistant secretary of state, cloture on the johnson nomination, to be secretary of homeland security, confirmation of the johnson nominee initial and potentially additional procedural votes. if floss further business to come before the senate, i ask that it adjourn under the previous order. the presiding officer: the senate stands adjourned until senate stands adjourned until >> this could be a movie. it needed to be a book about both of them in their relationship and how they do things for one another and support one another. >> is it in assessing what their relationship or a l

tom, throw, sure to be causing cancer in the 18th century. through cancers more socialistic hours on president grant when he dies for throat cancer is attributed to his fondness for cigars. the real evidence that cigarette or killing masses of people just in the united states is not until the 1940s and 50s. the early strong evidence comes from germany. hitler hated cigarettes. there is a struggle within the party about cigarettes. they also produce some really great science. first epidemiology showing smokers were more like you to die of cancer, especially lung cancer. then come the center of gravity shifts over the night dates in britain in the 1950s u.k. scientists doing several different types of research to show that causes mass death. either animal experiments, showing the towers from extracted smoke. pathology where people look at how the people who die from auto accidents and find the smokers already have precancerous tumors. epidemiology shows smokers get lung cancer. people find chemical carcinogens in the smoke. outgrowing come even

great britain and and the election of margaret thatcher and the tom alt over the british economy that has been really lost as part of the historical narrative of written after thatcher. i'm looking forward to coming back to that a number five of course the one probably the most people think of first when they think of 1979, the iranian revolution the toppling of the shah and the hostage crisis. wow that's an awful lot of ground to cover. let's start with thatcher. there has just been huge outpourings of tributes to thatcher on the occasion of her death. magazine covers revisited. your book takes apart some of the myths of margaret thatcher. >> guest: well i tried to do that. it's always a challenge because you want to show why somebody is worth knowing about in the first place. there have been a lot of revisionist histories of thatcher. a lot of people correct some misperceptions about her but first you have to establish why she is importing the first place in very few people would dispute that she is hugely and immensely important. like any hugely important transformative figure she

you know it from tom clancy before tom clancy made it famous it was a line in the holmes opinion and the idea is that speech is protected unless it poses a clear and present danger meaning unless the danger is one that we can divert in any other way. and you can't avert the stampede in the theater in any other way other than to say about it time it's against the law to do it. so you now i think it's very hard to adopt an absolutist interpretation of the first amendment. the problem becomes then how do you figure out what's protected and let's not protected and that is what gives people like me a job, to come up with theories and explanations. >> talking about a different character in the book that you didn't mention. learned hand, a wonderful name for a judge. so he is not a young person. he's a middle-aged person. he also plays a role in justice holmes changing of his mind. can you talk about that a little bit? an interesting interplay of judges and this question. >> learned hand was on on the federal district court at the time. he was in his mid-40s. he was a very well regarded jud

tom mentioned behavior. i have heard that strenuous exercise can actually produce interferon, and antiviral and anti-carcinogen naturally produced through exercise. me take those questions separately. do private companies give money to the nih? that goes on.of we also have the foundation for nih, a private foundation that raises funds. there are many collaborative projects done with nih researchers and the foundation. i will also tell you, dr. collins talked about this, and works with-- nih many private sector entities. both in the country and around the world. the ecosystem of biomedical research is one where nih plays a major role. almost the center of the universe for research. we do this in close partnership with the private sector and with our own foundation. as well as other funding agencies. the question about exercise and how exercise has been shown to result in the production of chemicals that are important for fighting infection, absolutely. doctor and your other health-care professionals are alway

you know it from tom clancy before tom clancy made it famous it was a line in the holmes opinion and the idea is that speech is protected unless it poses a clear and present danger meaning unless the danger is one that we can divert in any other way. and you can't avert the stampede in the theater in any other way other than to say about it time it's against the law to do it. so you now i think it's very hard to adopt an absolutist interpretation of the first amendment. the problem becomes then how do you figure out what's protected and let's not protected and that is what gives people like me a job, to come up with theories and explanations. >> talking about a different character in the book that you didn't mention. learned hand, a wonderful name for a judge. so he is not a young person. he's a middle-aged person. he also plays a role in justice holmes changing of his mind. can you talk about that a little bit? an interesting interplay of judges and this question. >> learned hand was on on the federal district court at the time. he was in his mid-40s. he was a very well regarded jud

probably not but again i think we will see the ultimate results of sheikh tom mean's stamp on qatari diplomacy in a year or two so we don't know yet. yes, sir? >> thank you dr. kamrava for a fascinating presentation. i'm a second-year master student here at -- and i was wondering i have not had the pleasure of sitting qatar yet and i hope to soon one day. i was wondering if you were to advise another state on political reforms what kind of advice would he think the qatari system could give? >> what the kind of advice the qatari system would give to another system on political reform? >> it seems to be very effective so i was wondering if this is something that could be reproduced elsewhere wax. >> i don't think qatar is in any position to advise on political reform. it's ultimately a nondemocratic legal system. it happens to be a remarkably stable nondemocracy but it is by no means reformed, if you'd be be -- mean by reformed a democratic political system. it's not a reformed political system and that brings up a more interesting question as this thing keeps fainting on me. this micr

postmodernists call comes from tom in texas. thank you for calling into the program. >> caller: thank you for taking my call. i am extremely interested in the treatment of adult leukemia and it started when i was about seven years old and a juvenile and i didn't know what they were doing in the 50s. and i am now 54 years old. and he spent a year with his family and they said that he was making progress and all of a sudden he was gone. and i saw a two hour nova they have indicated that there have been some progress. >> host: thank you for your call, tom. we will talk to the director of the national cancer institute. so that will be part of it. and leukemia has multiple different types. it is not one-size-fits-all. and so it actually blocked the particular component of a genetic defect in the cell that leads to leukemia for what was otherwise a devastating leukemia situation. we have a little bit different nuance regarding treatment. >> host: we have been speaking with vicky. >> caller: yes, one more question about the research so

tom coburn's "back in the black," comments that he's had there. specifically, it specifically shows where cuts can be done. and i think this is what we need to do, is to look at what actually can be done. if you look, excuse me, if you look at "back in the black," it would save about $9 trillion, and it's very specific. i've gone through it several times to show where this could be done. so i would ask that you would consider this. >> guest: well, we need to consider every idea to reform thing system. the affordable health care act has within it the exchange with all of the controversy that we're presently seeing about the exchanges, national and state exchanges, but it also has some very, very important reforms to the way in which medical practice is done across the nation. one of them that's already having a profound effect is that hospitals are not paid for readmissions on hospital-acquired infections. and guess what? they're going, oh, we're not going to get paid? well, we better make sure there's no hospital infections. so we're seeing a sign

you know it from tom clancy before tom clancy made it famous it was a line in the holmes opinion and the idea is that speech is protected unless it poses a clear and present danger meaning unless the danger is one that we can divert in any other way. and you can't avert the stampede in the theater in any other way other than to say about it time it's against the law to do it. so you now i think it's very hard to adopt an absolutist interpretation of the first amendment. the problem becomes then how do you figure out what's protected and let's not protected and that is what gives people like me a job, to come up with theories and explanations. >> talking about a different

. >> host: i know tom. >> guest: yeah. he had this idea pretty early on after 9/11, and he's sort of talking about it with people, and as he says in the book in an interview, it was still a somewhat vague idea. it was dedicated to a big concept, freedom. but he wanted to talk about freedom historically, you know, struggles for freedom over time in the different parts of the world including in the united states where there was a struggle for freedom here. and he wanted to talk about, you know, hot spots. that was one of the parts of the museum, hot spots and battles for freedom and struggles for human rights, you know, a plane. and i think it was somewhat unclear, but he wanted to have public intellectuals and professors involved, and he had signed up anne marie slaughter, so he was getting important, you know, well established people onboard. but there was always a push in the rebuilding effort to kind of have things be moving forward very quickly. and so they put together a set of plans, um, that in hindsight some who wer

. >> host: tom on the line from littleton, colorado. thanks for waiting, tom. >> caller: yeah, hi, good morning. >> host: good morning. >> caller: i actually had one comment, but i wanted to follow up on what the guest said about the federal reserve. i'm not particularly against the federal reserve. however, i'm a little bit concerned about how monetary policy is used to be a de facto taxation when they drop interest rates, and, you know, take hundred from people who are on fixed incomes and so forth and redistribute that to people who are trying to get out from under their homes. you know, the fact that that's not directly under the purview of the congress is a little bit concerning. but my main comment was is i just wanted to, you know, wish everybody a happy 100th birthday on the, i guess, the fed and the 16th amendment. a hundred years ago, you know, the country's changed quite a bit, and right now when we talk about economic, you know, fixes, you know, the republicans talk about cut spending and democrats talk about, you know, rais

at the same time it allows the space with a sectarian rhetoric. >> tom, turning to you now. and that points this out. it became attractive as a hub for this kind of situation. and could you put kuwait in kuwait's laws in the context of the golf in the region? and are they particularly lax? >> i think to answer that question, we need to go back to 1989 and at that time, it was set up initially set up to counter money laundering from latin america. one of the things that is overlooked is the first part of the global war on terror. and i basically put in place the sanction of organizations and at the same time they were told that you need to come up with an addition to your money laundering regulations and guidelines. and they were monitored and this implementation in the most recent valuation is done in 2010. in the context of this, it is fair to say that kuwait did not -- they were not doing a good job. and it was very frustrated by the lack of progress in the report at that time highlighted what they called many shortcomings in this includes finance and a poor level of preve

and tom don lane hinted that the. i would say that this is probably more modest than has been portrayed when you look at, not only the fact that the security threats that iran presents to u.s. -- the support for terrorist groups and other things. the fact we have been there for decades in region,er don't actually see us retreating in any way, if we were going do that, we might have done that in bahrain or other places, if we really want the to make that a clear issue. but even if, i was talking to people in the administration, dealing with the sanctions on iran, they made an interesting point said even if on the slim chance that we can get to a final agreement, and i don't think there's any nigh yaift about that. the set of sections that remain in place because of iran's missiles program, its support for terror organizations. this is a country we with have significant problem with. i think just from a cool calculus -- i don't think that yet represents anything but sort of an attempt at diplomacy. that may not succeed.

tom, everyone's looking for you, so you can raise your hand. [laughter] he's right here in the fourth row. he, so we met in the military and decided to get out. he wanted to pursue business school, so he was accepted to columbia business school. and i had a really great experience in the army. i loved being a leader. i really loved the people the most, and i think there were a lot of skills that i acquired, and i watched how i grew and how others around me grew. so i loved it. but i also knew that i had goals. tom and i have goals together of a family and wanting to be, you know, co-located for longer than, you know, a few months. we had gone through a deployment after we'd first started dating. he had been stationed in germany and then deployed to iraq for a year, and three months later after i had moved to fort campbell, kentucky, i was deployed to afghanistan. so when we deployed and said good-bye to each other, we knew based off of my three month delay after his deployment, that was -- if we don't both went a year, that was at least 18 mont

tom curtis used to stay public money drives out private money. if they see government, federal state or local, taking over an area people don't want to help in that area. why should they pay for in taxes and then separately. and they back off. you start talking about presidents and truman comes to mind. and he did a good job after people figured out what he did. he went out of the whitehouse way down. but when he was president he had the department of defense, the cia, the national security counsel, the usaiid, nato and a number of things. but one of this rules was if you want a friend in washington get a dog. and the rumsfeld corollary was get a little dog as the others might turn on you. >> next question, since we are in the nixon center and he made the opening to china, what do you think your prospects are for continuing a good relationship with china? >> i think it is possible. china is a big country. it is an important country. china has trouble with its neighbor india. and trouble with vietnam nam. and trouble with mongolia and tibet. and c

>> be it tom opened they were welcomed to the media. they just think they want to you take a picture. but i took a lot of pictures and i never had trouble with the soldiers. they were happy. >> julie's comment today really resonated with me. you go with the units and if they like you and you enjoy being around them. it was said at the time that the press sam the military were fighting each other to say we will never have them back but then with one great distrust of the media the white house level was not happy to see the pictures that nick ut was taking or the analysis of what i was writing professor off fly where they and happy? not because they were inaccurate. in fact, achieve said you can do anything you like as long as it is the truth. if you take one mistake that one time they did but they did say we want the truth. but the truth hurts did kennedy and johnson and nixon administration. but they were prevailing upon editors if publishers and news editors to disregard material. at the level of the soldier soldier, said the thousands