he was ambassador to pakistan a close friend of pakistan. you can read the book and see the distaste he has for pakistan because he thinks the pakistanis -- there are simply no doubt about it. that is why have some doubts about the nomenclature. but still we know for a fact from various studies that the majority of taliban either had moved to pakistan with their families. recently there was a mullah who was killed who was the taliban leader who was killed most likely by pakistani taliban because military intelligence is now pushing them. that is the commitment they have given to the united states. however in the initial years they ignored the option to come to pakistan from their point of view. in afghanistan they would have been killed. pakistan gave him space and it's my guess and estimate without any direct source in this case, i think maybe now 100 afghan taliban leaders are around that number came to pakistan and brought their families. at that time they talk to pakistan that pakistan should have stood by them but despite that they save

bombings in pakistan and the number of attacks across pakistan. there are some groups which never went to pakistan so they are framed as good taliban. haqqani group is one of them. but they are pursuing some of the pakistani interest in afghanistan because of the expansion of the indian infrastructure in afghanistan. some right some wrongs. they don't want the situation to revert to the 1990s where they were says ethnic war in pakistan was using some of the iran media for pashtuns militants in the area. they don't want that to happen again. they wanted to risk war northern afghanistan not out of love for business but billy based on this spurt -- perspective. the most interesting to me as i found out during my studies bats for the first many years doing the war on terror no one or maybe it was some use the word no one in most meetings between the head of state within pakistan and the united states the issue of taliban never came up. we mentioned in passing and it's a very popular issue for america to look into. why from 1002 -- 2,012,006 and the in

in pakistan there are agencies. so behind that faÇade also are many criminal organizations that are operating. this suits them in a big way. the same in afghanistan. in one case i was told that in one area we realize there were five girls schools it was not the taliban. he was a member of the construction company. a girls school everyone will say taliban has reconstructed. the religious angle is not there or the debtor phenomenon is linked to all these issues in a significant fashion but all the factors the most important one is also a big fashion. it in karachi for example they were able to unearth a training school that is not a suicide bombing training school. in karachi this was meant to teach you how to rob a bank to the seniormost police officer who was able to unearth that was killed in karachi. that is a very critical issue for us to look at. the third one is the whole issue of these two words -- the frontier state of course is this tribal belt farm where they are able to -- there's no international border.

pakistan wants f-16s or pakistan wants modern police stations. you can rather than -- price of one f-16, you build 30 new modern pli stations and not only about salary but a policy choice and those that provide pakistan with the weapons, they have a choice. i think most likely the best chance i will have is to be able at some stage advise the prime minister. i love my job as an academic and love to be a professor and writer so there's no chance that i'll ever become a prom bime minister but if i get a chance to advise and i quote a pakistani friend who served in high positions and i'll actually record him because i'm mentioning him, very bright pakistani foreign service officer who was here on a u.s. scholarship a couple of years ago, went back. he had mentioned in his experience working in the prime minister's office that pakistan's 50% of all the problems can be resolved if you get an honest and an efficient and a competent prime minister. because some of the things are very, very basic. for instance, and that's my idea, the first and foremost

-pakistan relationship. we are vagary grateful to carnegie for this excellent program and their support. north waziristan, it evokes all kinds of memories, particularly in the last few years. this was the campaign that never came about that led to a break between the former chairman of the joint chiefs of staff and -- [indiscernible] this was something that people expected because it was something the allies wanted the polling -- the pakistan allies to undertake him even as they operated in the tribal areas. north waziristan was spared a major operation. over the years, many deals were made and were broken. but the key ingredient in this was the presence of the apollo group which were reported to be seeking sanctuary in north waziristan, using it as operations innch afghanistan. so this was a bonus contention and betweenanistan united states and pakistan and became famous among other things for repeated road attacks and the frequency of the drone attacks would be something that would eat remarked upon regula

the pakistan tell a ban. it is a frankenstein have the taliban movement that has turned against pakistan. it is very difficult as an outsider, especially one sitting on massachusetts avenue to get much ground troops. my suspicion is that very careful operation that those after parts of the palace of the pakistan have turned on the pakistani state. very carefully it does not go after terrorists and militants in that area which have long connections to the is high, most notably the high connie clan which also operates in this area. i think what we are seeing in pakistan is the gradual realization. i think that at the same time they know better than many of us how big is. and not a reasonable strategy is to -- which means in the in that as mrs. clinton wrote in her book a package and we will continue to encourage poises states on the zero that there will only buy non pakistan the spree do you think that the u.s. special forces szigeti osama bin lot and focused on that problem. >> what is clearly focused the paki

he was ambassador to pakistan a close friend of pakistan. you can read the book and see the distaste he has for pakistan because he thinks the pakistanis -- there are simply no doubt about it. that is why have some doubts about the nomenclature. but still we know for a fact from various studies that the majority of taliban either had moved to pakistan with their families. recently there was a mullah who was killed who was the taliban leader who was killed most likely by pakistani taliban because military intelligence is now pushing them. that is the commitment they have given to the united states. however in the initial years they ignored the option to come to pakistan from their point of view. in afghanistan they would have been killed. pakistan gave him space and it's my guess and estimate without any direct source in this case, i think maybe now 100 afghan taliban leaders are around that number came to pakistan and brought their families. at that time they talk to pakistan that pakistan should have stood by them but despite that they save

they will be under pressure either pakistan army. ofthere any possibility applying the doctrine of necessity that they might start working together, taking both sides as a common enemy? back whoose in the couldn't hear the doctor. there are 2.2 is making. in his own visit to pakistan he saw a great convergence among all the military people that he the aims of this exercise. the question was, is a possibility of the afghan and pakistani taliban joining hands. >> i think early this year the pakistan army intercepted several sources. there is a delay. this was a message. at that point, it became a nightmarish possibility. was after the post-2014 drawdown. i have no doubt in my mind that whatever the differences are, at the end of the day, they are one thus far as ideology is concerned. the second part, which is that you said that the afghan taliban will be under pressure from the afghan forces. i think it is the other way around. the forces will be under pressure from the taliban. having eliminated this last stronghold, we have done a t

pakistan. you will be amazed, they were from all different backgrounds, all very secular. if you look at those 15 proponents, different to comprehend how a state that is falling. at people, the idea is distributed in 2 different action. that is a phenomena and i tried to answer is that question how the draft had taken place. to begin and explain the context of what we are looking at. i think five major factors i would like to mention, my findings, first and foremost, need for us to understand the different ways in which the taliban and pakistan and how they were doomed in some ways. what was the genesis of these two organizations. i met gandhi today, the old class of the old guard of the afghan taliban seems to be open to negotiation. i will not say they have come to the best, but they are looking for opportunities to negotiate. maybe some of the other associates -- my understanding is the old taliban has lost control of the incidents taking place in afghanistan. this is the second problem with

-pakistan relationship. we have been grateful to carnegie for this excellent row graham and the support -- program and their support. evokes allristan kinds of memories, particularly the last few years. this is the campaign that never came about. theed to a break region chief of staffs and the then army chief. this was a campaign that people expect it because it was something that the united states and its allies wanted very much for warziristan to undertake even as they operated in other parts in the area. north warziristan was somehow spared a major operation hear it over the years, many deals were made and were broken, but the key ingredient in this was the about and --he how who are seeking sanctuary. this was a topic of tension. they became famous among other things for repeated drone attack us and the frequency of the attacks would be something that would be remarked upon regularly . months, it was quite clear that the pakistan and taliban were not taking the offensive. there were attacks, including th

one reason about -- and the pakistan american league and observation, other than recently in pakistan. i found them totally -- they had -- they were really speaking to with one voice. sometimes you see because of the politicians' statements and other things but other than that, they are working together, as well as working closely with the administration, we are going to win that war, and which we don't but this is done terrorism. he doesn't draw any battle lines and even the superpowers generally face in this territory. given the time line of the time frame, it is difficult to get. after that for the time being moving forward, at the same time, to rehabilitate all these people about the numbers we are disputing. my question -- one question is since the afghan taliban would be under pressure, the forces would be tested, the very high position rating ground forces and they will be under pressure with law forces and by pakistan army. is there any possibility of the doctrine of necessity they might start working together? >> anyone in the back who couldn't hear? to make the point, they s

>> helping the pakistans to make them secure but the pakistans don't want our help because they are convinced any help we give them in securing the nuclear weapons is an act to clandestinely figure out where the nuclear weapons are and they're probably right about that. >> charlie: why won't they bleat us talk to a.q. khan? >> a.q. khan didn't pirate nuclear material all around the world by himself. he had the help of the pakistani army. he was able to fly around the world in pakistani air force jets and sell stuff and have it delivered. the last time i checked on expedia you can't get apactiony jet to deliver you or stuff for you. the pakistani military was involved and a lot of the politicians were intimately involved like bhutto. >> charlie: bhutto was involved in what way? >> the early negotiations with north korea on exchanging nuclear secrets in terms of missile parts. she even admits it in her memoirs. if mr. khan was on your show and told you the truth, it would be highly embarrassing for the government of pakistan and for many, many pakistanis. >> charlie: yet he's a national hero in

where are pakistan's nuclear weapons? when we went in and got osama bin laden, the reaction of most pakistani generals was not oh, my god. responsestani generals was if they can do this, could they steal our nuclear arsenal? it is apples and oranges. one person versus a couple of hundred nuclear weapons is a hugely different. that is their reaction. it tells you they regard us as the existential threat along with india. >> it is sometimes said that if iran gets a nuclear weapon, the saudis would go to their friends of pakistan who they have given a lot of money and say we need some weapons. is that your understanding? >> certainly a lot of smoke about that. very close relations. there was no closer relationship than the one between saudi arabia and pakistan. week ise minister this in saudi arabia meeting with all the officials. he has lived there in exile for them first decade of the century. i do not have proof positive. i do not have a signed contract. extremist, if saudi arabia goes to pakistan and says we need nuclear

-pakistan relationship. we have been grateful to carnegie for this excellent row graham and the support -- program and their support. evokes allristan kinds of memories, particularly the last few years. this is the campaign that never came about. theed to a break region chief of staffs and the then army chief. this was a campaign that people expect it because it was something that the united states and its allies wanted very much for warziristan to undertake even as they operated in other parts in the area. north warziristan was somehow spared a major operation hear it over the years, many deals were made and were broken, but the key ingredient in this was the about and --he how who are seeking sanctuary. this was a topic of tension. they became famous among other things for repeated drone attack us and the frequency of the attacks would be something that would be remarked upon regularly . months, it was quite clear that the pakistan and taliban were not taking the offensive. there were attacks, including th

of pakistan when all is really is that it. was. now pakistan is a shadow theatre. its authorities complain about this. franks but never do anything serious such as calling for the united nations to stop. this ruse. and if america or anyone else in the world was flying a drone over your hometown and they were firing missiles at anybody that would be will go three in the french air force would shoot things down in a heartbeat and you know when the pakistan government says they're doing everything they can you know it's not true and you don't know quite what their motivations are and i daresay that quite complex as to read that some are just afraid the americans get so much money from the americans that they don't want to do anything i had one come to say with one of the pakistani elite who honestly said to me that the americans give us so much money that you know what's three thousand people and reservist you know they can kill that many then kill more if they want and this is unbelievably horrible attitude and i'm not saying that by all pakistanis and government i t

there is no closer relationship than the one between saudi arabia and pakistan. prime minister sharif this week , they are meeting and spending time there and meeting with all of the senior saudi royals. yes. i do not have proof positive, i do not have a signed contract. i do not think anyone has a signed contract but in extremis if saudi arabia goes to pakistan and says we need nuclear weapons it will be pretty hard for any pakistani leader to say no. >> no. i hear you. there's also this question. do the saudis worry about the fact that the arab spring could come to them? >> absolutely. when the arab spring began king abdullah invested $30 billion in buying off the saudi population. that is a lot of money even for saudis. that tells me he and the other royals were worried it could happen to them and they responded in the best way they could. make sure everyone has got everything they want, try to buy everybody off. it worries them a lot. i think it is one of the reasons why they supported the military coup in egypt. they were the first within minutes to endorse

his ideals are of pakistan based on progressive pakistan. pakistan gone very far from the ideals. i think those in the position of power can do small things through which to take pakistan back towards some ofy(](mhkr @r% issues will be related to policy issues, but others will be linked to education ensuring that your textbook and that point any prime minister can do. to ensure, review the curriculum and take out some of the words and the bigotry and part andlv parcel of the pakistani textbook. that a prime minister can do. second thing would be after accountability and corruption would be these education reforms and the third thing i think will be a larger issue, which is a peace process with india. i am convinced and i think pakistani leadership is also convinced you'll not be able to get rid of pakistani militant groups or tackle some of the radicalization unless pakistan and india both come towards sustainable peace process. there are signs of that. i think it is a pakistani security establishment which also has to be convinced. not only the pakistani political leadership can

they left pakistan in a more problem at situation. relations between huh veer's league and the army have soured. the prosecution of the tpoerl army chivas well aformerarmly. >> political leadership are becoming -- getting more entangled in to it and imran kahn and mr. al kadri are trying to benefit from the situation, so i think there is some sympathy in the military circles for imran kahn and even kadri. >> reporter: kahn accuses the prime minister of rigging the may 2013 lexes, despite winning 34 seats in the national assembly and forming the government in the first degree kp province after the same pol polls. cat respite wants a shake up after 12 his followers were killed by police for moving encroachments outside his house. he was an m.p. in the government. but is ineligible to take part in the polls due to his canadian citizenship, this is pakistan's first government to have taken over from an elected parliament and it says protesters demand for the prime minister to resign is unconstitutional. but there have been more protests i

how cricket nation pakistan is supplying the world with footballs. and, we visit europe's hydroelectric powerhouse, norway. >> the democratic republic of congo is a rich country on paper, but the oil wealth that could help build a prosperous nation has so far mainly fuelled conflict. both with its neighbors and among its own communities. all efforts to re-build the state have consistently failed, even after more than a decade. rampant corruption is leaving people languishing in poverty and without access to basic services. especially if they live in remote areas like the ngiri triangle along the congo river. those swamps make tough terrain for humans. but they are a crucial reserve for the country's wildlife. conservationists are now applying an unusual formula to keep that ecosystem intact. they are providing health care to the people who live there. >> in parts of the democratic republic of the congo, medical care arrives by water. the rivers are the roads in this country. the boat was a donation from germany. it travels into the ngiri reserve, the

no one realized that pakistan was playing both sides of the fence. and still are. you start from that base, of course you're not going to know how much arms are in the hands of the afghan army at this stage. we did not do her homework for seven years. .- our homework for seven years it is hard to catch up in the eighth and ninth year of the conflict. >> why is it so hard to build an army in a country like a -- afghanistan? >> a good question. the soviets in the 1980's built-in afghan air force which is three or four times larger than what we have built in afghanistan over the last decade. that is amazing to me. what could the soviets trained them to fly airplanes and not us? russian manuals and teach them in russian? it comes down to a question of resources. resourcesngest time went to iraq. when we started the resources in 2009 and 2010, we imposed a timeline on how long it was going to be. we -- we can still pull those out but all along the way the day we went into afghanistan in 2001 we have inflicted demo -- damage on ourselves over and over again. brightest, t

with pakistan 185-5 and one down in the series and has to win it to level it. new zealand is in sight of a world record and victory of australia will have 18 conservative wins and the southern hemisphere rugby will be on course to retain the cup and that is the trophy and the countries play each other for every year. >> it's an opportunity here but you know you look at the line as well and we want to perform well and if we do we have a chance of winning and on one hand that would be nice. >> i've never beaten them and i withdraw with them once and enticed but you want to be able to go in through your career knowing you can take on these guys as a team and as an individual you can play these guys and try and match up with them. >> reporter: american teenager lexi thompson started well in the effort to win a second golf major this year, 19-year-old is in a tie for lead along south korea lei after the first round of the lpga championship and rounds of 66 at the monroe course at new york state and share one stroke each. >> the course is in great shape and it's play

. >>> protesters call on the prime minister in pakistan to resign. the latest from identify. >>> china says elections can go ahead in hong kong - but it will chos the candidate. >> chelsea and everton in a thriller. the us open claims a big-name casualties, access from flushing meadows later in the programme. australia has become the latest nation to join a growing international coalition against islamic state fighters in iraq. >> prime minister tony abbott says his nation will provide guns and ammunition. u.s. fight or jets launched air strikes near the davide moscardelli. hoda abdel-hamid reports na american officials say they never doubted fighting a fighting force like islamic state. >> reporter: the scars of battle. the islamic state group used houses as defense lines before it was forced to retreat towards the city of mosul. this man came home to find this. the group's fighters moved into the village in mid-august. they did not only use the house as a base. he tells me theyate whatever food they found and used their clothes. they didn't give up

as theecognizes pakistan most-favored-nation. it was really hoping that pakistan would reciprocate. it has not done that for over 15 years. so that is part of the reason. there is also growing constituencies on both sides. i wouldn't say necessarily that it is all because of the kashmir dispute. there are problems related to terrorism amongst other things. it is a very complex relationship. it should be a much deeper trade relationship. >> thanks for putting it into context for us. thank you for joining us today. coming up next, a rally last week. what is going on with one of the largest drugmakers in japan? all that when "first up" returns. ♪ to assigncs likes value to everything it can. an australian study has now assign value to working dogs. paul allen explains. >> the working dog is a fixture of australian farm life. once trained, they can herd sheep, cows, often unsupervised. it is a skill farmers find especially valuable. >> [indiscernible] >> a joint study between the university of sydney and research groups reprised on this work. the value of the work they perform has bee

he can shoot a target in afghanistan or pakistan. in the nearby secluded town of indian springs and habitants observe the waltzing drones with the neighbors benevolent i. i'm sure that we are constantly checked out i would be surprised if the drones aren't keeping tabs on us here. ok but you know richard it writes television for a little bit. oh no i have never felt that there was any danger from anyone here. in pakistan have a hemis. way from creech victims of strikes are piling up. discarded to discredit. you bitch and drove them to meet the new we begin. this really is. to get elected beazley not about who fought over a year but. who are these children these decimated families it's impossible to know precisely. dead wounded all because a pilot hidden in creech pressed a trigger for a missile strike look at the numbers more than thirty three hundred people have been killed in drone strikes in eight years and. only forty one. people killed in drone strikes only forty one the drone war is a silent war led by invisible soldiers killin

he can shoot a target in afghanistan or pakistan. in the nearby secluded town of indian springs and habitants observe the waltzing drones with the neighbors benevolent i. i'm sure that we are constantly checked out i would be surprised if the drones aren't keeping tabs on us here. ok but you know richard it reads television from the telly but. oh no i have never felt that there was any danger from from anyone here. in pakistan have i have this fear away from creech victims of strikes are piling up . to see. if you spot a disco your work year but it should be drawn from live music no you didn't just made up a point or just read it is sick is to just read cajun again we need about who fought over you but you. who are these children these decimated families it's impossible to know precisely. dead wounded all because a pilot hidden in creech pressed a trigger for a missile strike look at the numbers more than thirty three hundred people have been killed in drone strikes in eight years and. only forty one. people killed in drone strikes o

por suerte, logrÓ continuar mi recorrido por pakistÁn. la siguiente pared de esa ciudad sonrisa con afganistÁn y lugar del movimiento pakistanÍ. una zona altamente restringida para los extranjeros, por la alta presencia de extremistas e imprevisibles actos terroristas. mi guÍa, casi no deja bajar del carro. ante esta delicada situaciÓn, me traslado al colorido... no solamente serÁn las pocas mujeres que estÁ aquÍ, sino soy una de las pocas extrajeras. me convierto y me consigo con pakistanÍ es muy sonrientes curiosos. algunos bromean con la organizaciÓn terrorista de su paÍs. >> y hasta me encuentro con un casamentero. este seÑor me quiere presentar a dos buenos candidatos para casarme. lamentan que no soy musulmana. mi recorrido me di cuenta que porque estÁn es mucho más que violencia y fundamentalismo islÁmico. >> vamos con informaciÓn deportiva. >> en la continuaciÓn de la fecha cuatro, en la liga m el x. se consigue la primera victoria. la mÁquina se impone y consigue su primera victoria en el torneo. mientras despueb