is. this is a large gap in the literature today. we've come to the university of cambridge to talk to clinical psychologist simon baron cohen. part of his research focuses on how gender affects human behavior in general and the brain in particular. we've been looking at sex differences in the mind between males and females on average and one of the tests that we use is where you have to find a shape that's hidden in a design as quickly as you can. and we find that on average man are faster at finding this target hidden in the overall design. baron cohen and his colleagues conducted behavioral studies of children and adolescents they started by testing hormone levels in numerous samples of amniotic fluid the liquid that helps protect the fetus in the womb. we've measured the testosterone during the pregnancy in the womb in the amniotic fluid so this is the baby in the womb and some women during pregnancy have a clinical procedure called amniocentesis where a needle goes into that fluid to take up some of the fluid and we can measure testosterone in the fluid and baby's very in terms