he served in the united states congress, and he also served in the united states senate. and he and his wife were the hosts during james buchanan's administration in washington, d.c. when the south left and formed their own government, they invited jefferson davis to become its first and only president. jefferson davis would accept that invitation, and become the president of the confederate states of america. we are standing in the cell where jefferson davis was held at the conclusion of the american civil war. in 1865, jefferson davis received word from general robert e lee, commander of the army of northern virginia, that they could no longer hold the confederate army back from attacking the city of richmond. with that news, jefferson davis adjourned his cabinet and sent his family on the road for their protection. jefferson davis, soon after that, would follow. he would finally catch up with his family, right above the florida state line. it is here where a federal mounted unit was able to capture him and his family. jefferson davis was placed on a boat and moved back

british invaded the united states. they were stopped at a place .alled baltimore after the war of 1812, james madison said, we need to establish fortifications up and down the eastern seaboard. simonecruited general engineer,he french who helped us establish the system we use today. it's an example of the largest and best of all of those ports. was decided was decided that pt was the location for fort monroe. it wasn't finished until 1834. the model that we see today is exactly what it would look like in 1834 when the first soldiers began to populate this fortification. simon bchman, general an intelligent engineer. he made it one of the strongest strongholds in the united states. he had several angles on the fort. as the energy -- enemy approach the individual walls, they could be cross fired from different angles. it has a moat. this moat was originally movened to allow them to materials around the fort to help with construction. after it was completed, the moat made another level of defense for fort monroe. the larg

that's why i can see what is going on in the united states is an internal problem of the united states and the american people have a right to make any remarks involving what is going on and how it will affect internal policy and how it would affect the events in your country. best regards to bb. i respect him very much but i'm a little surprised that he has decided to involve me in the discussions regarding the internal situations of the united states. i hope you will not be offended if i stop here regarding remarks on what is going on in the united states. and i would like to convey this message to all the guys who are listening to me that would like for you to recover from this situation as soon as possible. we are very much interested to see the united states as a prosperous country. it's impossible to mention, the united states, it's impossible to create an island of safety and another part of the world it's possible to live in another world. so i wish you good luck and i wish you prosperity and i would like to stop here. said let's move to the foreign-policy here. >> it's more ea

united states abandon the united states the leading capitalists in this country are now global capitalists they have cut back links that leaves the vast middle class without jobs. not a future it's a disaster here covered over with endless theater but the reality is a disaster and if mr trump weren't there you would see other people emerging trying to make a political career by there if i could tell you this i will tell you in the fall there is a struggle going on in the united states between a left wing response to the collapse of the middle class that's represented by a new wave of socialists by bernie sanders by alexander real cause you're cortez and all of that and there is no right wing alternative where he says just think and you see that in trouble well i mean there is somebody in the middle i by the name joe biden but let's talk about him after a short break we'll be back in just a few moments. you cannot be both with yeah you're right. the sudden false and illegal takeover of a government by a small group. so rather than revolutionaries or so just condemn small groups the corporat

the united states. is done with making the world look like the united states and it has to adjust to the outside world so you have to redraw us you have to flip flip the coin response your foreign foreign policy in a big weight and that's what's happening it's it's it's interesting times but as always living in interesting times maybe a little bit too much fun and i'm sure with a with me that bolton paints a picture of a very chaotic very impulsive administration trumping ministration in his in his book where everything is. decided in a haphazard south serving manner with very little deference to national interests and what i wanted to ask if that's just trump or do you think that's a fitting matter for for the political america as a whole because he mentioned that this crisis in the range in age with trunk chomp . to a large extent is a reaction to the forces that are fighting him well long before a dollar trump became a household name really now states and the world over. washington ceased to be a cit

the united states of socialism. he is interviewed by eminent institute senior fellow benjamin powell. then 10:00 p.m. eastern, doctor ezekiel emanuel, former special advisor on health policy, director of the office of management and budget during the obama administration, discusses his book which country has the world's best healthcare. watch book tv on "c-span2". this weekend. sunday night on q&a, journalist talks about the history of voting in the united states. in her book thank you for voting. >> there is a massive impact on voting rights. there's not any advocate or attorney that does not see it is just a ground shaking impact. so while of course, the discriminatory's are illegal, there's not federal oversight and history determination that they kind of stopgap for the need federal approval to make voting changes. >> what sunday night at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span q&a. >> illinois rep. is chair of the democratic congressional campaign committee. it cheri bustos. she joined the executive to talk about the democ

gene talk about it briefly, within the united states? does the china-russia partnership entente, what a joy to color, include intelligence cooperation and had to divide, distract, undermine? democracy in order in the republic? >> is that a question for me? >> for anybody since it is china and russia. >> well, i don't think we -- thanks, paul -- i don't have the necessary knowledge to answer this question definitively what i would say it serves both russian and chinese if they venture into the area of -- it serves the interest to show that american democracy is not perfect, that democracy can be extremely messy, to the point of being debilitating as i think some of the outlets that they support have argued. you know, authoritarian governments have the upper hand as they like to argue those i think it strengthens their approach to domestic politics. >> would anyone care to comment -- we have a question from todd on you too. what impact will the changes in artificial intelligence have upon u.s. relations with russia and china? this is a fas

by the united states was to ensure p. and energy security so again it's america will then be our protector however this kind of this ng to david a little bit from the latera because they're not going sanctioning the russians only in other sanctioning such in the europeans so it's like america is now the guarding of europe however. exactly what does it or read about souls or captive nations of the us or we merely you know children of the us must an issue if we're unable to take care of ourselves so sanctioning european companies in order to keep european energy security it does seem a bit absurd and obviously ad and this is where you know they may conflict comes in between the u.s. and germany now as well so of course there are many contradictions there for one of the europeans i've been saying european security it's our energy security as a concept where they would have greater ownership over the infrastructure of their you know course insurance if your car or more forms however now that european companies are fearful of

states of course i mean they want their european allies to buy liquefied natural gas from the united states ship sent by ship that is far more expensive ok and i would like to point out to our viewers during the worst times of the cold war. europe important russia soviet and natural gas that conflict is over what's what's what's in play here let's go ahead well it is interesting because every since the 2nd world war this set is huge and presence and influence 'd of the united states over a year as opposed to the day and to protect here and indeed this recent just by the united states was to ensure p. and energy security so again it's america will be our protector however this kind of this ng to david a little bit from the latera because they're not going sanctioning the russians all in other sanctioning state sanctioned europeans so it's like america is now the guarding of europe however. exactly what does it or read about souls or captive nations of the us or we merely in our children of the us must an issue if we're unable to take care of ourselves so sanctioning european companies

determined by the united states. richard i would be remiss if i didn't ask you one more question again related to a different book you once wrote in that book you basically argued that u.s. foreign policy was directly linked to the domestic economic and social conditions of a country it's hard to imagine a bigger mess than in the united states today with 44000000 people unemployed you know racial divides in the nation and a pandemic hitting as sort of 3 tsunamis at the same time and so i just want to ask you to reflect on the domestic sources of foreign policy which you got at and say we got to fix this stuff that you said it years ago. that was not heeded and so i just kind of remember that book and say wow if only everyone had read richard haass but tell me your thoughts right now on this moment where our domestic you know set of conditions are pretty horrible. thank you for raising it the book was foreign policy begins at home and you're right the immediate situation the pandemic the 10s of millions of unemployed

states they are hoping to see a different administration or policy in the united states in the months to come and that's why they are trying to somehow let's say through the situation in the main that they find a very out. but that they they have because the name. and have been. taking place for years you know to clinch the 2015 nuclear deal and the western countries europeans and even the united states saw that as a ground for further compromise from iranian side on other issues including the regional issues and that will be i think very difficult to. find an opportunity for a new negotiations in future if the this deal collapses and dies and i think that the j c p a a minute in a clear deal is in limbo or in call mark and the status quo cannot continue for longer for a good weekend it can survive for a limited time and it's important that the different parties who did the l. try to save it by the practical commitments they can fulfill in future and it cannot continue as this very let's bring in thomas countryman in washington d.c. how the iranians read this administration wrong sinc

states says that she is was in the united states under false pretenses essentially that she has been working with the chinese military and was not conducting the biology research that she says she was doing now this again mark to escalation in the tensions we are watching very carefully to see what more the united states might have to say about this given the fact that the united states has released a statement with regard to these sort of tit for tat closures of consulates in both houston and in chengdu the statement coming out of the national security council that these actions of by the united states in texas were to protect american intellectual property americans private information urging the chinese communist party to cease its malign actions rather than engage in tit for tat retaliation but of course the united states seeing china's actions as doing just that and we should point out very quickly that the press secretary here at the white house kelly mcinerney set to conduct her briefing watching very carefully to see what more of the united states may have to say about this c

has ordered china to close one of its most important consulates in the united states you see it there in the video the fires burning are apparently the folks there in the embassy burning some of their personal papers the chinese consulate in houston texas is shut down and china is responding with an apparent ultimatum already wow this shutdown of the consulate is only the latest sign in a growing trend of countries being punished by the u.s. state department in fact it's not just china. as of this writing the united states has a whopping $7967.00 sanctions in place $7967.00 sanctions it's a somewhat bizarre and almost astonishing list that includes not just countries but even individuals people stores small companies and tire corporations governments types of governments even branches of governments the usual suspects of course on the sanctions list are countries like iran and north korea russia venezuela turkey on and off and now the biggest target of all china but then there are the secondary sanctions aimed or targeted at countries who dared to do business with any of the above men

states and let me tell you why it's probably a good thing because health care in the united states has forever been very fragmented. let me give you a more rudimentary example of what i'm talking about most people don't know their doctors are right they really don't with the exception of people who are 65 and older and are on medicare and actually joining an association if you will a place where they have their medical needs taken care of most people don't know who their doctor is they don't know how much their bills are they don't know who pays their bills they don't know how they're insured it's really a very very bizarre situation so what's happened in the last couple of years is a lot of the payers and by payers for those of you who don't understand it means the big insurance companies you know they humana in the united for the world they're the ones who are kind of gobbling up the providers provider is a fancy word that means your doctor so what what what's going on here is we need more doctors that are established that have established relationships with their patients in the uni

it had only just become a united states state. and this guy, senator gruning, was a kind of hard-nosed realist. he was doing a cost/benefit analysis. his critique was, i don't get it. why does it make sense for the united states to spend blood and treasure going to vietnam? there was no big moral critique. there was no larger issue about the meaning of americanness. it didn't add up for him. but again, these are two senators. there's almost no visible critique as johnson launches what will quickly become an american war in vietnam. there were a few other voices, a few public voices that raised questions, mostly from that realist perspective. does this add up? hans morgan, a big guy, he raises those issues. walter litman, a famous columnist, had been making pronouncements about american policy for, by this time, some 50 years. he raised some questions. he also critiqued this as a really -- just not a reasonable solution to america's interests in asia. but otherwise there's a kind of consensus. it's an election year in 1964. johnson

states so i don't think united states can stay there as a line alone dr without china as i see it in the other without the work that the corporations the industry that we find that the many and billionaires who are be stopped and there are you too are damaging basic alliance of the united states in the past still take it we have to see the truth that the effect that the united states has many benefits from china's development they have enjoyed that they are they still live for that do with chinese products and a quality. product delivered a form trying that it is the wire that the united states can be their super power the only super power in the to pastor to take to deal with the treadmill as a helper with china's economy it development that if you to this is the factor we should to let the american people know it. says that china cannot be a friend is that true is geopolitics is the global economy is it a 0 sum game if if if one country benefits does another superpower have to lose or can they actually all prosper. i think that these are remarks from pumping or yes something differ

on monday secretary of state mike pompeo announced the united states is stopping the exports of defense equipment to hong kong. the state department also imposed the same restrictions on defense and dual use technology. last year the united states exported more than $75 million of military equipment to hong kong, most of which was in the form of engines and turbines, three and a half million, though, marked as tanks, artillery, missiles, rockets, guns and ammunition. secretary pompeo said, quote: we cannot risk these items falling into the hands of the people's liberation army whose primary purpose is to uphold the dictatorship of the ccp by any means necessary. the hudson institute's dr. michael pillsbury will be with us to take up china's rising ambitions and aggression. but first, our guest this evening formally designated huawei and zte as threated to u.s. national security, a major step toward removing national security steps from the united states. joining us, the chairman of the federal communications commission, ajit pai. ajit, good to have you with us. it's been some time that

harm to the united states. their problem was, when they got in front of judges who asked them hard questions, sort of where is the thing, show -- give me a document, show me a document which will really do great harm, they could not do it. >> before we get on to the court's 6-3 decision, we have to get one more step in this, which you said, additionally the papers were entered into the record of the senate by senator mike gravel. what happens when we bring the record of the united states congress into this, floyd abrams, what did that do to the information? >> well, first, we don't know what effect, if any, it had on the court. we don't even know if the court new it. >> who pays attention to the congressional record, right? >> yeah. >> i'm just kidding. >> i am it obviously is a very strong argument against a prior restraint. what's the point? what are we doing? why are we issuing court orders, which at least enormously implicate the first amendment, if nothing is going to be served and everything is out alread

in the early days of the united states if i recall. from germany touring the nazi time who came to us universities including the new school in new york and others. at the bar college who is representing so there's a lot much longer tradition than just people of all generation here and. being the world's university and being credit lee directing to talent from all over the world has been a key ingredient to so how and will remain so in the 21st century and i fear it is another element of what richard house is also cool the education of the united states as a global leader yeah it's a very good point it's a disturbing point because you can't buy soft power either you either have it or you don't underrate us nick member of the german parliament and professor irwin collier economics professor here in berlin to both of you gentlemen thank you very much we appreciate you sharing your stories with us tonight thank you. they get. the new security law in hong kong has created more questions than answers how far will the wall go in curtailing fo

states will be the greatest form policy challenge united states bases in the decades to come the policy of the chinese communist party undermine us interest and values including those we share with allies and partners around the world t t. covid-19 has brought this challenge to the forefront of american life to know just how much the chinese communist party's decisions and actions directly affect us citizens our allies and partners in the entire world and we know the pandemic will not stop their behavior whether hong kong the south china sea or the border the last three years the trump administration has tried to put the united states on a stronger path to compete with china last week i was glad to see long-overdue sanctions on the chinese communist party officials bed and elsewhere. i was also pleased that we declared china's claims in the south china sea is unlawful and deployed to carrier battle groups there for exercises. and after the chinese communist party crushed hong kong's atomic, the president made the tough but necessary decision to end certain types of special treatment for

in the united states. drama for people who want to believe that mr trump is doing something they were always about the chinese he isn't and he hands mate going to factors you know are simple number one the united states needs china it has greater profits for american corporations then they were able to get here in the united states. now christy sensually the the chinese are basically saying exactly what professor wolf said which is that this is political it's theater it's just trying to rile people up and they're saying that they are ready to retaliate if necessary so what else are we seeing in their response exactly there is no real punishment for closing down this consulate but the fact is it really is just a slap in the face and on the political stage as this is one of the world's oldest consulates in the u.s. since the 2 countries normalized diplomatic ties in 1909 so china vowed to retaliate wednesday saying that the u.s. consulate will also be closed. so i mean this is the 1st time in over 40 years t

drugs has come from unscrupulous dealers from pharmacies to in every state in the united states we've seen these very sharp increase in the number of people seeking treatment for addiction to prescription opioids. invaded america under the banner of medicine persisted with the pain but instead of trying to wean him off though she did go after dose after dose after dose and really became his drug dealer. patients doctors manufacturers. might happen tony on this is america's lawyer last week in new york times opinion columnist a very wise resigned from the paper and accused him of suffering from a severe case of being too politically correct she also alleged that employees of the paper were harassing her some are celebrating wise as if he wrote what others are expressing serious skepticism about it claims so that we're going to dive into that topic and see what makes sense also tonight over a dozen lawsuits emerge against education secretary betsy devos again for helping her nonprofit universities prey on students pocketbooks and then later in the show there's been a fatal shooting targ

as soon as pump ale left, my gosh 0k, we will do what you want united states. it makes the uk look weak. i think pompeo paid on a semi—weakness in britain right now, and that's brexit. he says to britain, you play ball with the united states, uk will play with you. 0k, ambassador. it could be dealt with another way. sorry to stop you there. we will stay with china but moved on from the brexit discussion right now. they do have you with us and things very much forjoining us. let's speak to victor gow, vice president of the centre for china and globalisation, a think—tank in beijing good to have you with us now. what is your reaction to the events? well, first of all, this is a sign of extremism, desperation and hysteria on the part of the washington government, and this is to be condemned and to be deplored. this leaves china with no other option but to reciprocate and to retaliate by closing a us consulate general in china. both the chinese people and the american people are going to suffer the consequences. this is not the way to demonstrate courage, visio

united states abandon the united states the leading capitalists in this country are now global capitalists they have cut back links that leaves the vast middle class without jobs. the future it's a disaster here covered over with endless theater but the reality is a disaster and if mr trump were there you would see other people emerge trying to make a political career by there if i could tell you this i will tell you look there is a struggle going on in the united states between a left wing response to the collapse of the middle class that's represented by a new wave of socialist by bernie sanders by alexander cortez and all of that and there is no right we all turned it over he says and you see that in trouble well i mean there is somebody in the middle i by the name joe biden but let's talk about him after a short break we'll be back in just a few moments. so what we've got to do is identify the threats that we have it's crazy confrontation let it be an arms race off and spearing dramatic development only really i'm going to resist i don't see how that strategy will be successful very cr

however, the united states does not think like sufficient. stability -- -- contrary to the claims of u.s. officials, it does not or former stops at all costs. aboutabout extreme steps modernization as it protects the foundation. of theobal concern treaty and on certain future of new staff, we deem it is important to reassure everyone that they do not intend to drift the end foundation or of humankind. the united states should adopt a declaration on the inadmissibility of nuclear war. it has yet to be received. i would like to conclude with the words of the russian president said on june 24 of the military parade and the 75th anniversary of the victory of the war. itunderstand how important is to strengthen friendship between nations and we are open among issues on the agenda. the creation of a viable thatity system, something will change with the modern world. fromll protect the world new and dangerous threats. --e is another born idea important idea. homeland, it does not apply to weaponry. what the world requires is not a a racee, it requir

mexico and the united states. we pledge the close and continued friendship between the united states and mexico and we accelerate our progress toward a greater tomorrow. that is what's happening, a for greater tomorrow. with a prospering region, flourishing hemisphere, and to nations thriving, growing, and excelling side-by-side working together that is what we have been doing. we look forward to hosting you for a beautiful dinner later on this evening with some of your friends from mexico and some of our great friends in the u.s.. it is an honor to have you with us and we would love to have you say a few words. thank you very much. >> friends, ladies and gentlemen, i truly celebrate this meeting with you. president trump. my visit to a great extent has to do with the importance right now in these times of world economic crisis the importance of entering into effect of the mexico u.s. canada agreement or usmca. having been able to close this deal, constitutes a great accomplishment benefiting all three nations and

states that's been true for 25 years it's catching on and now the united states is going to have to work out some way to live in the world where it's not anymore alone that the top economic will now you should do that in a balanced way but what we're seeing instead is lots of overheated political rhetoric that's only going to make working it out harder for all of us and the war in this age with nuclear weapons is so crazy that i'd like to believe that's not part of what's lurking here and now ben one of the statements made by the f.b.i. director claim that china has engaged in where is my quote here economic espionage what's for a significantly easy claiming when he talks about economic espionage. yes so essentially what the f.b.i. director said and i want to read you what he said here he said that as you said economic espionage was a term that he used but he said that that link to china has increased by 1300 percent saying those called the stakes could not be higher and the potential economic harm to american businesses and the economy as a whole almost defies calculation he went o

the united states probably has between 40 and 50000 or so. it's measured conservatively but i think also to be fair the united states is one of the governments that has been most on asked about the extent the amount and precise crime of enslavement within the united states. 150 years ago if you walked around the heart of the u.s. capitol you could have walked a slave of a street corner and this country how to go through a painful civil war in order to bring slavery and i'm in the 21st century there's no doubt that the united states is leading the way in the fight against modern slavery and this testament to that this country is planning to prosecute the largest ever case against modern slavery. america's playground. but behind the glamour secrets hidden in plain sight. to produce the food the rest of the world. there is a strong possibility that there are very. very eggs that. could have been brought to your table by enslaved. in the land of the free. do you see. how. someone had. some high powered flight you don't like them but. they were. i

united states ranks about seventh there, 3% of people with disease in united states have passed away from covid-19. another way to look at it, what is number of people per 100,000 passed in united states compared to other countries. unfortunately on that metric rank third behind the u.k. and mexico. 65 per 100,000 in u.k., 45 in mexico and 42 in the united states. tragic thing is our numbers are rising because our cases are going up exponentially. in compared to the u.k. where the cases are low and flat. unfortunately i think we're going to surpass the u.k. in number of deaths per 100,000 in the united states. >> it's a disturbing development, more than 140,000 people in united states have died. early march, five or ten confirmed death in united states. south korea, 20 or 25 confirmed. we have more than 140,000 deaths in the u.s. from coronavirus, they still have under 300 deaths in south korea. they clearly were doing a lot right. we were doing a lot wrong. you're on the front lines of this fight, dr. faust. we know there's a lag between tests going up and mortality rate following.

states however the united states still maintains a military advantage or so it thinks and so it is putting a full court press on china which not only includes these military maneuvers but also pressure with regard to hong kong also pressure on so-called out wides including great britain to not go forward with the telecommunications deal with the chinese giant speaking one way and that also includes putting pressure on canada to continue to detain the daughter of the founder of weiwei who is under house arrest and vancouver british columbia so you have to see this in a wider concepts carol back so much john you heard what jerrold said how is he right or how is he wrong. to global commercial system upon which the nations of the world including china have been able to join prosperity and joy prosperity peace and flourish meant it's a largely dependent on freedom of navigation freedom of overflights and street and open shipping and what china has done in the south china sea over the last decade is to undermine those principles and illegally and unlawfully declare one of the world's poster teac

to this politically impossible in the united states. eating was anything but here's the industry in the end. of that makes a lot of money. i'm going to say over and over again we know what. it means not much for one for one thing and it's very very bad for business it doesn't make anybody rich people eat less food. welcome back the 2020 u.s. presidential election is fewer than 4 months away at the end of a year that's been eclipsed by a pandemic that has taken more lives in the united states than any other country in the world a country that has also found itself at the center of weeks of black lives massive protests. arguably the largest movement in u.s. history but if you think this will change anything of the ballot box voter disenfranchisement drawing in a new york times bestselling author greg palast says you should think again because the next president has already been chosen with a single vote in cost he joins me now via skype from l.a. to talk about his new book out trump stole 2020 greg thanks so much for coming back on i want

the united states needs to rethink competition. american policymakers need to debate how to compete with china. theatersssues, in what come with what tools and at what cost. we need to rebuild communication. a central challenge for u.s. policymaking is policy -- is going to be reconceptualizing and rebuild channels of bilateral communication in a manner that serves u.s. interests. keeping in mind that beijing has used dialogue in the past to play for time and advantage, new channels will need to have frequent balancing quality. reset our expectations of the future of the relationship and adjust our strategy and policy accordingly. in particular, resetting expectations about where progress can be achieved given the resistance to change in china. mindful we need to be that we will have to reset our expectations about being comfortable with tolerating friction in the relationship, but also adept at managing and using friction to serve american interests. think the u.s. government needs to reconstitute its analysis of china. and this w

declaration that the united states was going to old power. that is under this guy because both of these guys -- wilson and roosevelt -- are trying to figure out what probably the leaders of china are trying to figure out. given that we are now the most important economic power on the our foreignld policy change to match our economic heft, and they are going to to deal with it. russo japanese war, he is the first president to win the nobel peace prize. the second would be woodrow wilson. and this is henry cabot lodge. woodrow wilson got one of the first newfangled imported degrees called the phd. americans were in love with all things german about the turn of the 20th century, but henry cabot lodge was one of, if not the first phd in history, from harvard university. his phd was on teutonic land solving history which meant that like wilson and like roosevelt, he could read german. can you imagine presidents who can actually read foreign languages? he had the long increasing where ticket -- the wrong, increasingly articulated view of america's

we have seen the results in the united states. in a four-day period in may, our courageous coast guard stopped three submarines packed with poisonous drugs, keeping thousands of pounds of lethal narcotics off our streets and off our city areas. we got rid of it. we have it, and i don't know what you do with it. what do you do with it, by the way? what do you do with it, admiral? i want to hear. what do you do with it? you blow it up or dump it someplace? >> we burn it. >> that sounds like a good way to do it. i want to express our country's pride and gratitude for your life-saving actions. my administration is committed to making sure you have the tools and support you need, and the support that you deserve and have always deserved. and you used to run short. you now have the best equipment in the world. after years of painful budget cuts, i ended last year's sequester and secured almost the 2.5 billion dollars i mentioned to rebuild the military. we are giving you the finest airplanes, submarines, tanks, and missiles of every sin