in europe, what is the population? hear, hear it is rendered 7 million -- here is 207 million. >> it is now the e.u. 25. the 50 states make up the union. they have a population of about 400 million. there are about 50 million people living outside their country of birth. they are not all from outside of europe. a significant portion of them are. a significant proportion of the non european immigrants are now about 20 million moslems. >> your figure on the united states is 2 million muslims, here. >> it really varies greatly, depending on how you reckon in black muslims. whether you count them and the group. there are arguably, millions of those. yes, muslim immigration to the united states is much smaller. it is an exponentially larger phenomenon in europe. largely because of the countries they are next to. they are right next to north africa in the brothel -- in the way we are right next to latin america. >> there are 5 million foreign- born in france. >> that is about right. >> 4 million in germany. >> germany, there

the beginning of the immigration to europe had to do with europe's extreme need for reconstruction after world war two. iyou had cities entirely destroyed. you had much of the labor force killed. there was a lot to build. when that happened, countries with empires, such as britain, the netherlands, france, brought people from their old empires. countries without empires signed agreements with poorer countries, starting in europe, to bring labor in. the usual -- no one really was thinking in the slightest about what religion these people were when they drew up these agreements. your typical muslim immigrant to europe in the 1950's was a laborer. was one guy coming to work in the steel mill or be an engineer on the subway car or to work in a lace mill. as time went on, let's take the example of germany. as time went on, the system of bringing in guest workers for two years, they realized it was not the most efficient way to do it. to get a guest worker you had to send a recruiter, a team of evaluators, doctors, he was an expensive process. then you get a guy and he comes to germany and wor

but it fought for the honor of europe as a whole. as it did again in 1980 under the banner of solidarity. deep emotion brings us together here today. a complex emotion made up of grief, pride, remorse, admiration and help. it reflects the changing destiny of a continent driven by war and then by peace, divided and then united. the peninsula was where the first cries were heard in the terrible conflict tha would become the bloodiest known to mankind. the 200 polish soldiers of westerplatte responded to the a shouting of an enemy battleship and which our country upheld through the cruelty of war and the har incredibleness of authoritarianism through the centuries. from the very first hour of the war and it proved more lasting than the concrete of block houses. a few weeks later the polish army was defeated. nine months later, general de gaulle saw france overrun by the enemies' mechanical force striking on land and from the air. in this bloodbath history revive the old age solidarity between france and poland. our two countries have al

islam, for most of the past 1300 years, has been an enemy of europe. europe absorbed things. it was not because the two cultures were getting along well or were fundamentally compatible, but because islam was a superior culture at the time. they get it through imitation. today,most of the people disliked the united states. they listen to michael jackson. they absorb our culture in many ways. i am not saying that it is impossible for europe and islam to get along today. the conditions are different. we have globalization. but you cannot look at this as something inevitable. it is not what the patterns of history tells us is the likely outcome. >> your own background, when did you first get into this business of writing? >> oh boy, i was always interested in writing. i grew up loving books. >> where was that? >> i grew up in massachusetts. i do not think i ever seriously entertained doing anything else. maybe been a great poet or a novelist would have suited the better as i saw things in my teens, but after a stint in publishing, i found my way into journalism in washington and

he was in europe. he was on communications lines right after the -- they had bombed -- you know, the bombings on japan. and he was stringing the lines on that for communications. retie communications. host: thanks for your call. john, how common was it for troops who had been stationed in europe to, once the war was starting to wind down in europe, for them to be reassigned to the pacific? guest: not very common. because the war in europe ends in may of 1945, the war in the pacific ends three months later. some were preparing to redeploy, a few did redeploy. but not very common for ground soldiers. for sailors that would be another thing altogether because ships were constantly going back and forth. so you do have some ships that participate in the normandy invasion and eventually then go to the south france invasion and then participate in other invasions like okinawa in the pacific. so that would be fairly common. but among ground troops, most did not redeploy. most spent the summer in occupation in

we shall build, we shall build europe which was worth you -- we shall build a europe which was worth your great sacrifice. thank you. [applause] >> will all please rise. what is now here the role of honor. -- let us now here the rolar thf honor. >> we gather here on westerplatte on the 70th anniversary of the outbreak of the second world war, the most terrible of the cataclysms' of the 20th century, paying tribute to all its victims. maybe it remembered forever. -- mayday be remembered forever. -- may they be remembered forever. ♪ >> now i would like to ask the prime minister of poland, francois fillon, to take the floor. -- the prime minister of poland, donald tusk, to take the floor. >> why? why here? why now on the first of september in gdansk? and not in some places -- and not in some other place that the leaders of europe have gathered? why in gdansk, and why on the first of september? why do we see here leaders of poland from the previous year s? why here in gdansk on the first of september, veterans are meeting together with young people? it wasn't gdas -- it was in gdansk o

in europe there are so many taboos about talking about what is happening to europe they haven't had any real discussion, haven't been -- partly to break those taboos i wrote this book. >> paul: when you say there's a real difference teen mexican immigration which is the dominant kind in the united states now and islamic immigration, is there? >> yes. >> paul: would you put a limit on the latter? >> i'm not a european. >> paul: in the united states? >> again, i'm not a politician, but i do think that it will be more problematic for us to assimilate over the long term than mexican immigration. mexicans come to communities that have religious institutions that they already belong to. they speak a european language, a language that americans learn in high school. it's much less of a gap. >> paul: chris caldwell, thanks for coming. >> thank you paul. >> paul: when we come back our hits and misses of the week! welcome to the now network. right now five coworkers are working from the road using a mifi-- a mobile hotspot that provides up to five shared wi-fi connections. two are downloading the

in europe, there are so many taboos about talking about what's happening to europe that they haven't had any real discussion, they haven't been working it and partly to break the tahboubs. >> when you say there's a real difference between say mexican immigration, which is the dominant kind in the united states and islamic immigration, is there? would you put a limit on the latter? >> what i put-- i'm not a european so i-- >> i understand, but-- but in the united states would you limit it? >> you know, again, i'm not a politician, but i do think that it will be more problematic for us to assimilate over the long-term than mexican immigration. the mexicans come to communities that have religious institution that is they already belong to, they speak a european language. they speak a language that americans learn in high school. it's much less of a gap. >> all right, chris, thank you so much for coming. >> thank you, paul. >> we will take one more break. when we come back our hits and misses of the week. that provides up to five shared wi-fi connections. two are downloading the final fi

we are very different from europe in many different ways. you can't found ooh county in the united states that approaches not one county. you believe europe is venus, and america is mars. >> i think do think there's a tremendous difference. i think the culture badges are being won in europe in the enlightenment and personal autonomy, and personal freedom and there being one in the united states on the adjudicate christ judeo christian. with cal vun in his um. you're an individual be calvinist that and the we're in something together with god that we have sort of a contract between human beings and god and the american still think this way. you think this rhetoric out of the white house with democratic, and republican presidents. it's not going away. >> you want to comment on that. >> i think that we have that doctrine and it's held up as an ideal in america it become somewhat attenuated. the other thing about cal vunism. this is of the for and religion it became gradually what happened after the review formation that the netherlands becaform

in europe, once you hire somebody, it is very difficult to fire them. you will likely have to go before an industrial or labour tribunal which has been set up essentially to defend the worker -- it is implicit in the nature of the animal that it serves. so people are hesitant to hire, and once hired, you are in this sort of lifetime employment. >> and there is not a lot of mobility because he really got to stay. >> everybody who has run a small company knows that the way it happens is that the good people move on and the bad people stay. and unless from time to time you can discipline and clean out, you end up with a very inefficient workforce. it happens to europeans. there are things that take forever to do in europe that happen very quickly in the u.s. you want to start a business, do it here. if you want a certain quality of life, you may want to live in europe. it has -- there has been a steady by the oecd trying to trace the happiness. >> corp. development. >> like a huge think tank based and paris but supported by 30 governments or 60 governments

little think we worry much about europe. as europe -- i don't think we worry much about europe. as they become more powerful i think we made. i don't think the average american thinks in -- thinks of europe in the way europeans want them to. >> the obama administration in europe is that he has taken his allies for granted in focusing on reaching out to some parts of the world where relations have been more complicated. there could be a reaction by europeans. he will need allies in afghanistan. >> that goes to the previous question. one of the reasons there is not a trend right al is that the u.s. around the world is not as polarizing as it has been in the past, with both republicans and democrats. issues reject elections are decided by issues on the ground and not cold war issues. you could go through europe and look at elections that turn on whether you work anti-american enough. -- whether you were anti- american enough. no one ever thinks they get enough time from the american president, and is positive and some ways troubling because the world needs leadership. we are very i

. >> europe has been taken by surprise. it is gripped by treacherous weather, blamed so far for the deaths of 100 people. this is poland, where the government said 42 have died. in ukraine, the weather has killed 27. moscow has been hit by the heaviest snowfall of winter, and extreme swings in temperature. just three weeks ago, it was eight degrees centigrade, plummeting two -25 this week. 9000 snow plows have been sent out to try to keep the roads clear. the airport has stayed open. not so for many other places, from italy to germany to france to britain, the weather has caused the trains to stop, roads to jam, and airports to close. >> very disappointed. we want to go home for christmas, but we are not. >> after three days and tens of thousands of stranded passengers on both sides of the channel, a eurostar train finally leaves paris for london. the service is still severely cut, leaving people frustrated and angry. >> we have been here three days. >> hopefully we will get on the 9:00. >> pulled over the carpet by the fre

you ever controlled the north atlantic controlled europe's access to the world whoever controlled europe's access to the world could shape the empire and of course, over hundreds of years spaniards dutch and british fought for control. of the north atlantic but in 1980 an extraordinary event happened in human history for the first time ever trans-pacific trade equaled transatlantic trade is somewhere around 1980. it is hard to pinpoint but that was an extraordinary event that we all experience but think what it means for it means at that point* not only was europe no longer the pivot of the global system, nor was the north atlantic by itself the key to global power. there were two keys, the atlantic and in the pacific. therefore by definition any power that was made by both bodies of water was in an extraordinary position in particular if it had the wherewithal to exploit that. south america for reasons i will not go into a comic can let looks like one continent's but it really is not it is divided and subdivided but north america, is a power native to the atlantic and pacific therefore ha

so the cash wasn't allowing us to go into europe, we were already there, we were already europe's number-one smoothie business, the cash was coming in to allowus to make the most of the oortunity ... the market is growing quickly and is our opportunity to lose. >>reporter: nevertheless smoothies have not been immune from the economic gloom and the coca-cola deal took place against a backdrop of falling sales. >>roethenbaugh: what we saw in 2008 was that the smoothie market for the full brunt if you like of the recession. certainly we've seen a shift in consumer behaviour where the consumer has been trading down if you like in terms of value, i'm not saying that health and well-being have necessarily taken a backseat butcertainly there has been a shift in behaviour for the consumer and as a consequence the smoothie market lost around 15,000,000 l last year to reach the year at around about 60,000,000 l in the uk market. >>reporter: coupled with rising food prices, it was a perfect storm. >>reed: 2008 was a bit of a tough year for us after nine years of always growing we did have a small decre

without this, the united europe would also be unthinkable. and here come up with 27 member states, in future possibly more member states, we have a new quality. this inequality should also be accessible to others -- this new quality should also be accessible to others come up with the one condition, that they accept this system, by use, a system of values which does not allow the going back to what once was, where equality is the main principle. this requires broad, multilateral cooperation, and also requires democracy not only in the relations between the states and citizens, but also between states. if this happens, then we could savy that following the amount - the unimaginable crimes of 1939- 1945, this unimaginable tragedy taught us a lesson, and that we have learned and drawn certain joint conclusions. of falling we're going to -- hopefully we're going to progress, living by the truth, living by values, living by a trick that may be difficult or painful -- a truth that may be difficult or painful, but a truth that needs to be accepted a

we want to keep the future in mind and in europe -- a unified europe. this is important also for the citizens of russia. i would now like to hand over to the british prime minister, gordon brown. [applause] >> president, chancellor, mayor, let me say first of all to the people of berlin, the whole world is proud of you. you tore down the wall. and you changed the world. you tore down the wall that for one-third of the century, had imprisoned half a city, half the country, half a continent, at half the world. and because of your courage, two berlins are one, two germanys are one adn nond now, two europs are one. this wall was torn down not by leaders. not by from up high. not by military might. this wall was torn down by the greatest force a vote. the unbreakable spirit of the men and women of berlin. [applause] you dared to dream in the darkness. while force has temporary power to dominate, it can never ultimately decide. you proved there is nothing that cannot be achieved by people inspired by the power of common purpose. let me thank you, the people o

still in europe admired. >> europe more admired. i think there's an element in europe where he's hero worshipped. >> rose: beyond admiration. (laughs) >> >> the of course example being the nobel peace prize. there's an element where europe.... >> rose: is that europe or is that just a group of norwegians? >> i think the interesting thing was... i think that was some sort of reality test because even people who as far as i could work out wanted to build small altars to barack obama in their back garden, even they were shocked by the fact they got a peace prize under those circumstances and i ink actually that was one of those thins where somebody tries to help somebody and they do virtually everything wrong. it's going to cause problems for him in america but it's also i think made people think this has gone too far, even in europe. >> rose: finally, there's technology. >> i think technology, which has been very, very tough on the media industry, could now be just about be beginning to help it. i think if you look at gadgets like the

but the impossible has happened and europe is united. and now we must complete our great covenant with the dead of d-day. our promise that we would build a world worthy of their sacrifice. how can we say that we have achieved all that we set out to do, the promise of peace and justice, when the shadow of nuclear proliferation and war stid spreads around the earth. when darfur, burma is in chains, zimbabwe is in agony. the mortal thread of poverty, hunger, ill litssy, disease and warrant. so there are dreams of liberation still to be realized, commitments still too be redeemed. vows to the dead still to be kept. so we must be as if liberators for our day and our generation, too. today we are only halfway to honoring the pledges we made for a new world. we are only halfway away from these beaches to the shining future that truly global society to which they open the way. the beacon of hope that was lit with the liberation of europe must now lead us on. on to a world free of the danger of nuclear weapons, with all asshuring the mutual secur

>>ç this is the gulf of adença body the size of western europe. and did you an ideaç of the hue taskç as these vessels look to protect the area from pirates. tell me about your enemies. >> it is not so much an enemy. that would sound like aç war. çwe are doing legal work with military means. they react to what we do, they have a very large area from where they can start from. çthe somali coast isç up hundd miles long. >> you have all this firepower on the vessel, but you cannot use it on the pirates? >>ç it is as it is. weç are here to protect the cells, -- vsels. that is what we doçç. we repress, the terror, a disrupt. >> what is happening to the level of attacks since you started this. -- since you started this? ç>> itç started and november - started december 13 last year. i'm just in the gulf of aden çbecame nil. çthere is some activity still. >> i understand there are severalç bustles at anger with pirates in charge, but you cannot go rescue them? > you can, but you have to take the highest party, the lives an@ of

it is being seen as a new start for europe. leaders of the european union states have their first full- time president. he is the belgian prime minister hermann von rompuy oy. they have appointed a new high representative for foreign affairs. she is the british politician kathryn ashton. >> this was the moment when europe came to select its top jobs, the people who would be its face on the world stage. if the 27 heads of government are arriving to make key decisions over a dinner of sea bass. it went to the prime minister of belgium. herman van rompuy was up hog and congratulated tonight. he has no -- was hugged and congratulated tonight. he supports greater powers for the european union. >> every country has its own history, its own culture, its own way of doing things. our journey maybe towards a common destination, but we all bring along their for luggage. >> his backers were the leaders of germany and france, the real power brokers here. one of the real attractions was that he would not overshadow them. the alternative cont

europe is moving toward better buying habits driven by better budgets. rising cost of weapons and reality. more competition than ever before in the markets we studied the u.s. same thing. better value for money, it is getting the best options out there, especially the time when we are fighting wars. >> that is what i mean. it was basic needs we needed armor we bought it from israel. the europeans have been buying our systems as well. the defense department is the one who wanted you to do this study. >> that's correct. they commissioned it. >> is there -- how serious is the danger in europe and the u.s. reverting to a protectionist stance. >> over the long hall, economics will govern but these evolutions of open market are lumpy and subject specifically to the policy makers. there is a danger particularly in europe where you see what is happening is old national fortresses are mor. ing into a more european defense market. there is some increased risk of countries focussing on buying european. the new french owe approach, the goal was a pan europeanism not

the station where the trains arrived from all over europe. an old watch tower. inmates digging their own graves. desperate prisoners. guards tearing jewish men's beards off their faces. in 1943, 350 prisoners revolted. some managed to escape and 47 survived. after that, the nazis knew it was only a matter of time before the truth came out, and they set about eradicating all traces of the camp. >> translator: they did it so thoroughly that for decades we didn't know where everything stood. two weeks ago the archaeologists told us this is almost certainly where the gas chamber was. it's near to the clearing over there called the mount of ash. it's a mass grave where the ashes of the victims were buried. >> reporter: it's one of the biggest ash fields in europe. here the remains of 250,000 people are buried up to a depth of 7 meters. the statue of a jewish mother stands as a permanent monument. the name of remembrance has the names of all the victims. in poland, there's no doubt that demjanjuk was at sobibor. no matter whether the munich court comes to the same con

and europe will be leveled, it vulnerable. i run as an open invitation to focus on long-range missile development which it already is doing. this decision did not appear to be made on the basis of cost effective grounds. according to a 2008 independent study required by the democrats, the czech and polish plants are the most cost- effective. with a $1.2 billion cut in missile defense in the recently passed defense budget, the administration's program investments do not match its policy. will we see necessary missile defense investments in next year's budget or will it be cut further? while the ministration has announced its decision today, the congress as an important role here. we expect to hold comprehensive hearings on the so-called downgrading of the iranian threat. as we move forward in the conference on the ndaa, we will continue to push for an fund missile defense capability that will protect your and the u.s. i am the ranking member on the armed services committee. we are happy to have with us eric cantor, republican w

some were caught on their way to europe. >> we need freedom. we do not want to be deported back to our country. >> others are political refugees who europe would have a duty to protect if they had made it that far. libya has had them locked up for several months. it is not bound by any international treaties. the question for europe is whether this is an acceptable price to pay for stemming the flow of immigration across the mediterranean. >> pope benedict will meet up to 500 contemporary artists as part of an effort to improve the vatican's relationship with the creative community. the gathering will be held in the sistine chapel. it will include painters, architects, poets, and directors. the vatican has had its relationship with the art world tested in recent years by controversial works. >> it started to help lovelorn farmers find a spouse. the festival in this small irish town has gone global. at least 40,000 people are flocking there in the hope of finding the perfect match. the bbc reports that it is a tradition flourishing in the age of

what the church will have done about eastern europe? it is one thing to say that he was responsible for the debts of 30 million germans, etc., but we all know there was very little that the west could do by the end of the second world war to expel the soviet union from eastern europe. certainly nothing that churchill could have done on his own. he operated with other politicians and took the advice from the combined chiefs of staff. he took the advice from his own political staff. this is not a churchill only story. his relationship to those processes is something only to bear in mind. what is interesting is that churchill himself recognized the limitations of action, what he could and could not do. he also recognized his own limitations. it is only in the churchill industry over the last 20 or 30 years in which we have made him into a kind of saint and we all doubt his miracles. churchill recognized his own limitations as well. i would argue he was driven by a world historical vision, which barry few other wartime leaders are leaders i

a unique position in the next five years in shaping the global europe of the future. >> well, our europe correspondent dominic hughes has been following the developments in brussels and says the decisions were made far more quickly than had been expected. >> well, a deal has been done in brussels, much against everyone's expectations rvelg we all thought this would be a length lengthy process involving a lot of horse trading but it is much simpler than we imagined. the seeds of this deal were sown at the meeting with brittish prime minister gordon brown who realized there was no support for tony blair, the former brit tish prime minister installed as president of the european council and he immediately switched support to katherine ashton, responsible for the trade portfolio and said why don't we have a brittish candidate for the job of higher representative, a sort of europe pine foreign minister and they all swung behind that. that was the key thing, i think, that all the socialist leaders thought they would back baronness ashton for the post of foreign affairs and the other government

and still became higher in eastern europe in 1989. first one country and then another effectively broke with communist rule starting with hungary and poland. the hungarian is also destabilized the east german regime by allowing east germans to travel to west germany via hungary. and then in the fourth of june, 1989, the very day in which hundreds of people in the vicinity of the human square would being killed in beijing, solitary one its famous victory in the polish elections. huge demonstrations in 89 took place in the streets of budapest, especially for the reburial. and warsaw, that eventually brought and budapest that the process continued until december, who waited until they could be sure they were not going to have a repeat of 1968, and romania which the last act of oppression backfired. what we saw was a circular flow of influence. it began with the changes in both the political system and foreign policy in moscow and floated east central europe. but what happened there especially in poland, the june elections and their overw

political and economic cooperation for eastern europe. perhaps even to find ways to put american boots on the ground in selected countries. the second question nato must ask is, should the alliance's performance in afghanistan lead to a reassessment of out of area activities? during the cold where, a majority for an extension of naidas interest beyond its territorial and military court, thinking they could endanger the consensus over a direct soviet risk -- threat. many focused -- many thought that a focus on elsewhere would bring out differences between alliance members and sharp and ideological differences. that may have been true at some points during the cold war, but the geopolitical situation we face today is very different. the alliance would be greatly diminished if it were to constrain itself to defending only against conventional military threats targeted against members. the success of nato in afghanistan remains inextricably linked to the americas on a legacy there. we would also lose the influence among local populations that

coulthe rest of europe be far behind? and what does that mean for the u.s. economy? >>>as secretary of state clinton meets with the first woman presidt of liberia,we ok at the womes movement in thatest african country. a force so strong, it drove a dictator fm power. >>> and we cntinue our look at the impact of climate change on mote lands. traveling to cambodia toeet the monks out to save a forest one treet a time. >>> good ening, i'm marti savidge. we are going to starhere night with a subject that ha a lot of people re and throughout the world increasingly concern aswe ard towards fall that. subject is the h1n1 swine f virus, which according to the world health oanization has kied just under 1,500 people worldwide. rit now it's spreading through india th its vast and densely packedopulation, to use the words of "the new york tes." it has been confmed in american troops at 6 bases in iraq, to cite just a couple of examples. it's a complicated heath issue and tonight's lead focus, we though it would be helpf to take look at the flu pdemic from a world perspective as

and they brought progress and unity to europe. they were a turning point in the faith of the entire world and we should remember that the path to german reunionification was closely linked to the fates of many people and to the leadership of the soviet union. as a result, we had families who were reunified. people were able to meet once again. the iron curtain came down. borders >> crushed. today, we no longer have the soviet union. we no longer have the g.d.r. molves people lived back then, they worked 20 years ago, they raised their children and as we know in the 20 years since the fall of the berlin wall, we have experienced a time that was quite special for rugs russia and germany. new partnerships were forged. we now dare to go beyond the past and have a reconciliation process. the accomplishments of modern europe have now come to us here in berlin, we hope that a period of confrontation now belongs to the past and that we now are living in a multipolar world. for most countries around the world it is of major significance to

what happened in europe the first time? >> the first time that europe had the cap and trade, it was called the emissions trading scheme. it was meant to be a trial period. it is probably a good thing that it was. they found that they over- allocated the allowances. at one point, after it was discovered, the companies had far more allowances that they needed, the system collapsed and they learned a lot from that situation. one of the reasons that happened is because they did not have good data going in. that is the difference with our system. we know what our plants are in bidding, so we will be much more refined. >> who were the winners in europe? was a france the winner? was germany the winner? >> i think it is early to tell who the winners will ultimately be because that first time was just in effect at test. ultimately, the winners will be the citizens if they bring down carbon emissions. what is important to me -- and i asked the question the other day -- all this talk about cap and trade, how much of that system brough

radio free europe was established in 1949 by the national committee for a free europe, an anti-communist organization and made its first broadcast on july 4 of the next year. from its start, the organization approached the cold war as a war of ideas, pushing back on propoganda that was being spread by autocratic governments behind the iron curtain. as it grew, its purpose became the more urgent as broadcasts were banned and communityist authorities used jamming techniques to keep their citizens from tuning in. those authorities relied on secret transcripts of radio free europe radio liberty programs so they could have better information about what was happening in their own countries than their own national media could provide. many paid tribute to the role that the american radio programs had played. listening to broadcasts in secret said their influence cannot be described, asking would there be an earth without the sun. it is located in the very country to the country at this time beamed its first broadcast. the organization serves as a surrogate broadcaster where uncensored or unreli

that is right across europe. sticking with the financial sector, more broadly at this time is prudential worth looking out for, as well. shares of prudential are down about 3.2% or so after earnings from that company, as well. prudential is the biggest insurer in the uk and they have operations around the world, as well. particular weakness in the domestic market, though. here in the uk, has caused problems for them. third quarter sales fell by 9% overall and that blinds the weakness we saw in the uk because there is relative strength in asia why and also in the u.s. which helps underpin things. shares of prudential are down, as well. patricia, how is it going in germany? >> not very well. lows about 2% on the dax on very good volume, as well. about 7.2 million shares are traded to the downside. we are losing around about 5% on the dax. of course, it is the technology share s.a.p. doing the most damage. it's a clear miss as far as commerzbank. analysts are concerned on every level, be it the numbers, the guysance

president obama announced he is dropping that plan for eastern europe. instead he said the united states will develop an alternative plan to counter what is now perceived as a more immediate threat of short and medium-ranged missiles from iran. in tonight's lead focus, we're going to look at the issue in depth, starting with today's statement from the president. president obama announced the administration's plan to shelve the eastern europe missile defense shield in a brief appearance at the white house. the president said that the change was necessary because iran is much closer to developing short and medium-range missiles than long-range missiles that could hit eastern and pe. >> the best way to responsibly advance our security and the security of our allies is to deploy a missile defense system that best responds to the threats that we face and that utilizes technology that is both proven and cost effective. >> facilities for the defense shield were to be located in poland and the czech republic. the missile interceptors themselves were to be housed

rather than only a portion of europe. and poland and the czech republic is being offered the first opportunity to participate in the newark tech chur. the nato -- architecture. last thursday nato secretary rasmussen said "i welcome the united states today has discussed with nato how we can develop missile defense which can include all allies and protect all allies. i welcome in fact that nato will play a more prominent role in the u.s. plans for missile defense in europe. that is a positive step". now, the reason that he reacts that way is the new plan would defend all of our nato allies and our forward-deployed forces against that existing threat rather than defending only a portion of nato europe that is not within the range of iran's existing missiles as was the case with the previous plan. this is a substantial improvement for nato. now, while some early statements for some polish and czech leaders were critical later statements were supportive. for instance last friday polish foreign minister sikorsky said" poland wi

louisa, how is it looking in europe this morning? >> i was just playing a game with myself called best the performing blue cheps out of our companies. and i was wrong. rbs is the best performing stock out of our blue chip players. european markets are up across the board. we've moderated some of the gains that we saw initially, but we're only, one, an hour, hour and a half into trade? the best performing sector being, well, banks, food and beverage. we've seen relatively flattish gains this morning. christine. >> hi, louisa, earnings seems to be in focus. china, we had a big sell-off in china. a lot of talk there about the authorities trying to reign in liquidity. that is putting pressure on the shanghai market, 2.11% lower. the hang seng is up 2%. the bombay sensitive 30 is down almost 3%. oil is trading lower by 42 cents, $71.56 a barrel and brent is pulling back a little bit, down 4 cents, $75.10 a barrel. bertha. >> thanks very much, christine. so much going on in the markets these days. paul schatz is the principal at heritage c

in the last decade, because it was europe. while we young our hands, while there were exponentially more devastating genocide being committed in africa. and not taking a position, it's just a way of highlighting the deep connections between. so i don't think we worry much about europe. i think as europe integrates and becomes more powerful, we may over time, because i don't think the average american thinks of europe in the way that europeans want to. >> actually, one of the concerns about the obama administration in europe anyway has been that he tended to take his allies for granted in focusing on reaching out to some of the parts of the world where relations have been previously more complicated. and there could be a reaction by europeans. and he's going to need allies in places like afghanistan. >> it's funny, because i think that goes to the previous question, too. i think one of the reasons why there isn't a trend right now is that the u.s. -- at least around the world -- is not as polarizing as it has been in the past,

house of are they from the rest of europe in terms of spending? guest: they actually severed a great deal in part, some people think, because they have become so dependent on financial services at the major industry. there is very little manufacturing left in the british economy. and financial-services was deeply dependent on the housing prices and sales, which have fallen dramatically in great britain. it was deeply dependent on transfer is in the financial system and activity in the financial system, which has dried up a great deal during the recession, in part because, we must remind ourselves, much of the financial crisis began because of the excess is. and the problem going forward for britain is that they've you how to fix this problem, how to deal with this crisis differently from most of the other continental europeans. they are desperately concerned that the european union will want to impose new regulations and financial-services and bank activities and hedge funds, etc., and much is centered in london and the british see this as a threa

and western europe? >> there's not a monolithic response from poland or the czech republic. there are people who hated and there are people that did not like the idea of deploying the system in their countries. there are divisions there. >> clearly poland and the czech republic wanted to build the systems because it pits american troops on their soil. that makes them feel lot safer with the big bear next door. the political elite were buried in western europe, they're breathing a sigh of relief because the really bad trajectory of u.s.-russian relations culminating with the war in georgia was making a lot of europeans very nervous. >> james kitfield and john donnelly, a gentleman, thank you for being with us on "newsmakers." [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2009] >> in 1971, neil say and obtained a top-secret pentagon papers. 18 years later, still writing about the vietnam war, he won a pulitzer prize for of bright shining lie. thi

it is not they who changed europe, it is people like adam smith and david hume who changed europe in the direction of liberalism and democracy. and the reason they did it was because of commerce and trade. so what we want is that we shouldn't be looking for an islamic luther, we should be looking for an islamic david hume or an islamic adam smith which means people who believe in commerce free from government intervention, who believe that trade is good, who believe in prosperity. and then we should believe that the same force of prosperity that transformed europe will do the same thing to islam that it did to christianity. so rather than preaching to the muslim world to moderate, we should look for that key historical role that actually moderated christianity to actually moderate islam. >> charlie: thank you. >> than you. >> charlie: fortune of fortunate is a book by vali nasr. you all remember the shia revival when he first wrote that all of us sort of began to understand some of the structure within the muslim world. thank you for joining us, see you next time. captioning sponsore

even eastern europe, what could churchill have done about eastern europe. it is enough, it is one thing to say that churchill was responsible for the deaths of -- of the expulsion of 13 million germans, et cetera. but we all know that there was very little that the west could do by the end of the second world war to expel the soviet union, from eastern europe. certainly nothing that churchill would have done on his own. and churchill was not on his own. he operated with other politicians and took advice from the combined chiefs of staff and took advice from his own political stars. this is not a churchal only story, this is churchill in -- in the the historical processes and his relationship to those processes is something we always need to bear in mind. what is interesting, i think, is has churchill himself, recognized, more clearly than many other people, the limitations of action. what he could and could not do. and he also recognized i think his own limit tazes. it is only the churchill industry over the last 20 or 30 years, which has made him into a ki