the fda hasn't licensed it. you wanted to make drugs save and that's my concern, i'm sure everyone's concern on this panel. are we missing something here? is it something we should look at closer? >> it's something we should look at closely and i believe that the fda is doing this in good faith manner. i think when you think about who we are targeting for this vaccine, the bulk of the data for using this adjuvants vaccine and occurs with the elderly, that's not his targeted in this vaccine so we're just beginning to get the kind of data would be associated with kids. but i think the larger question is we have so much maxine hesitancy in this country. so much inaccurate knowledge about whether vaccines are safe and particularly whether this blue vaccine is safe. to add onto emergency use application, a new element that may, indeed, be saved could well have undermined the efficacy of this campaign. >> so this one has been around for since 97 or so and been approved. would it be prudent to maybe leave the decision

the cornerstone of the scientific method is the the randomized experience or we decide whether the fda should approve a particular drug. we go and randomized experiments that we see how the drug worked in a double-blind experiment relative to a placebo, and were able to just compare people who got through to the people who were not. they were randomized. the difference in outcomes tells whether not that drug works. as an economist, as much as i would love to get aroun carry tt out, i would love to know, to present to reduce crime? but it's not like the nsf is going to allow me to go out and run a randomizes that why lock up a bunch of people in one state and irately released people in another state, and it's what happens. so in that kind of a world economists have had to use what i call accident experiments to figure out the answer. in other words, i look

the fda idea that you could reln somebody else and still expects to be in charge. >> you make your bets and live by the results. and he lost he did everything he could to get back what he thought was says. you know, you pick your friends, and you have to suffer the consequences. thank you very much. [applauding] >> t.j. stiles is the author of "jesse james: last rebel of the civil war." mr. stiles has taught at columbia university. wednesday he won the national book award for non-fiction. >> coming up next book tv presents after words, an hourlong discussion between the host and the author of a new book. this week nomi prins former managing director at goldman sachs talks about her book "it takes a pillage." she discusses the book with senator bernie sanders, the author of the memoir "outsider in the house." >> let me begin by thanking c-span for the opportunity of interviewing nomi prins who is the author of "it takes a pillage: behind the bailouts, bonuses, and backroom deals from washington to wall street." when i was in the house for 16 years i served on the financial-services commi

the point of going to make here is that we have studies all across that we gather routine at the fda that shows that people often off to drive instead of taking transit because it might save in 10 or 15 minutes on the commute of a great many of those same commuters spend their first half-hour of the morning at their desk answering e-mail, and a certain have to do with the last half-hour of the day at the desk also handling e-mail. when you really think about it, they may spend, save 10 minutes in the commute. but if they got on the bus, or got on the train, and use a handheld device and did that first half-hour and that last half hour on e-mail, they could leave for work at half hour later. they could get home a half hour sooner. that's the difference between having breakfast with your kids are not. having dinner with your kids or not. is where we think the nexus of safety comes together. so sort of pick up on something that john and those of the uta mentioned yesterday. we think a strong message that needs to be sent out there it is that if you really need to text, you really need t