Mendeley Climate Change Library
20
20
Jul 5, 2019
07/19
by
Aditya Kumar; Shiliang Wu; Yaoxian Huang; Hong Liao; Jed O. Kaplan
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We estimate the global Hg wildfire emissions for the 2000s and the potential impacts from the 2000–2050 changes in climate, land use and land cover and Hg anthropogenic emissions by combining statistical analysis with global data on vegetation type and coverage as well as fire activities. Global Hg wildfire emissions are estimated to be 612 Mg year −1 . Africa is the dominant source region (43.8% of global emissions), followed by Eurasia (31%) and South America (16.6%). We find significant...
Topics: Biomass burning, Climate change, Land cover, Land use, Modeling
Mendeley Climate Change Library
21
21
Jul 5, 2019
07/19
by
Casey D. Bray; William Battye; Viney P. Aneja; Daniel Q. Tong; Pius Lee; Youhua Tang
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This study quantifies ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from biomass burning from 2005 to 2015 across the continental US (CONUS) and compares emissions from biomass burning with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emissions Inventory (NEI), the Fire Inventory from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (FINN) and the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). A statistical regression model was developed in order to predict NH 3 emissions from biomass burning using a combination of...
Topics: Ammonia, Biomass burning, Fire emissions, National emissions inventory, Wildfires
Mendeley Climate Change Library
29
29
Jul 5, 2019
07/19
by
Qiyuan Wang; Junji Cao; Yongming Han; Jie Tian; Yue Zhang; Siwatt Pongpiachan; Li Li; Xinyi Niu; Zhenxing Shen; Zhuzi Zhao; Danai Tipmanee; Suratta Bunsomboonsakul; Yang Chen; Jian Sun
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A lack of information on the radiative effects of refractory black carbon (rBC) emitted from biomass burning is a significant gap in our understanding of climate change. A custom-made combustion chamber was used to simulate the open burning of crop residues and investigate the impacts of rBC size and mixing state on the particles' optical properties. Average rBC mass median diameters ranged from 141 to 162 nm for the rBC produced from different types of crop residues. The number fraction of...
Topics: Biomass burning, Black carbon, Light absorption, Mixing state, Size distribution
Mendeley Climate Change Library
26
26
Jul 6, 2019
07/19
by
Rui Liu; Tao Feng; Shanshan Wang; Chanzhen Shi; Yanlin Guo; Jialiang Nan; Yun Deng; Bin Zhou
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Formaldehyde (HCHO) provides a proxy to reveal the isoprene and biogenic volatile organic compounds emission which plays important roles in atmospheric chemical process and climate change. The ground-based observation with zenith-sky DOAS is carried out in order to validate the HCHO columns from OMI. It has a good correlation of 0.71678 between the HCHO columns from two sources. Then we use the OMI HCHO columns from January 2006 to December 2015 to indicate the interannual variation and spatial...
Topics: Biomass burning, DOAS, Land use and land cover, OMI HCHO, Population
1,304
1.3K
May 29, 2011
05/11
by
Glass, Christopher E
texts
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An uncoupled Computational Fluid Dynamics-Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (CFD-DSMC) technique is developed and applied to provide solutions for continuum jets interacting with rarefied external flows. The technique is based on a correlation of the appropriate Bird breakdown parameter for a transitional-rarefied condition that defines a surface within which the continuum solution is unaffected by the external flow-jet interaction. The method is applied to two problems to assess and demonstrate...
Topics: AEROSOLS, OXIDATION, TROPOSPHERE, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, DATA BASES, BIOMASS BURNING, TROPICAL...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
18
18
Jul 6, 2019
07/19
by
Caiqing Yan; Amy P. Sullivan; Yuan Cheng; Mei Zheng; Yuanhang Zhang; Tong Zhu; Jeffrey L. Collett
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Although biogenic aerosols play important roles in atmospheric processes and climate change, their contributions to atmospheric particulate matter mass have not received much attention, partly due to the difficulty in identifying key aerosol components and due to the often dominant role of anthropogenic emissions. In order to estimate contributions of biogenic and biomass burning organic aerosols to atmospheric particles, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) samples were collected simultaneously...
Topics: Biogenic, Biomass burning, North China plain, Rural/urban, Saccharide, Secondary organic aerosol
483
483
May 31, 2011
05/11
by
Crivellini, A.; Golubev, V.; Mankbadi, R.; Scott, J. R.; Hixon, R.; Povinelli, L
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The nonlinear response of symmetric and loaded airfoils to an impinging vortical gust is investigated in the parametric space of gust dimension, intensity, and frequency. The study, which was designed to investigate the validity limits for a linear analysis, is implemented by applying a nonlinear high-order prefactored compact code and comparing results with linear solutions from the GUST3D frequency-domain solver. Both the unsteady aerodynamic and acoustic gust responses are examined.
Topics: BIOMASS BURNING, LEAVES, PLANTS (BOTANY), CLUSTER ANALYSIS, MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,...
364
364
May 30, 2011
05/11
by
Thornton, Randall J.; Hochstein, John I
texts
eye 364
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An established correlation for geyser height prediction of an axial jet inflow into a microgravity propellant tank was analyzed and an effort to develop an improved correlation was made. The original correlation, developed using data from ethanol flow in small-scale drop tower tests, uses the jet-Weber number and the jet-Bond number to predict geyser height. A new correlation was developed from the same set of experimental data using the jet-Weber number and both the jet-Bond number and...
Topics: AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, SMOKE, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPECTRORADIOMETERS, REMOTE SENSING,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
29
29
Jul 5, 2019
07/19
by
A. C. Kalogridis; O. B. Popovicheva; G. Engling; E. Diapouli; K. Kawamura; E. Tachibana; K. Ono; V. S. Kozlov; K. Eleftheriadis
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Vegetation open fires constitute a significant source of particulate pollutants on a global scale and play an important role in both atmospheric chemistry and climate change. To better understand the emission and aging characteristics of smoke aerosols, we performed small-scale fire experiments using the Large Aerosol Chamber (LAC, 1800 m3) with a focus on biomass burning from Siberian boreal coniferous forests. A series of burn experiments were conducted with typical Siberian biomass (pine and...
Topics: Aerosol emission factors, Aging in dark conditions, Biomass burning, Chamber experiments,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
20
20
Jul 6, 2019
07/19
by
Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda; Adriana Gioda
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For a long time, firewood was the only source of energy available for cooking, heating, and protection. Currently, new forms of energy, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity, have replaced the use of firewood. However, this fuel is still part of the energy matrix of many countries, including Brazil. Its use in cooking activities generates particles and gases that can have an impact on global warming and health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of firewood...
Topics: Biomass burning, Consumption per capita, Firewood, Greenhouse gas emissions, Solid fuels, Wood fuel
259
259
Jun 9, 2011
06/11
by
Finzi, Alberto; Ingrand, Felix; Muscettola, Nicol
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This paper reports on the design and implementation of a real-time executive for a mobile rover that uses a model-based, declarative approach. The control system is based on the Intelligent Distributed Execution Architecture (IDEA), an approach to planning and execution that provides a unified representational and computational framework for an autonomous agent. The basic hypothesis of IDEA is that a large control system can be structured as a collection of interacting agents, each with the...
Topics: CARBON MONOXIDE, METHANE, BIOMASS BURNING, ANNUAL VARIATIONS, AIR MASSES, PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS,...
220
220
Jun 11, 2011
06/11
by
Bar-Itzhack, Itzhack Y.; Harman, Richard R
texts
eye 220
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This paper presents the overall mathematical model and results from pseudo linear recursive estimators of attitude and rate for a spinning spacecraft. The measurements considered are vector measurements obtained by sun-sensors, fixed head star trackers, horizon sensors, and three axis magnetometers. Two filters are proposed for estimating the attitude as well as the angular rate vector. One filter, called the q-Filter, yields the attitude estimate as a quaternion estimate, and the other filter,...
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, CYANIDES, HYDROGEN, HYDROCYANIC ACID, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, BIOMASS BURNING,...
112
112
May 29, 2011
05/11
by
Kwan, Aiyueh; Bedrossian, Nazareth; Jan, Jiann-Woei; Grigoriadis, Karolo
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eye 112
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Recent results show that the peak transient response of a linear system to bounded energy inputs can be computed using the energy-to-peak gain of the system. However, analytically computed peak response bound can be conservative for a class of class bounded energy signals, specifically pulse trains generated from jet firings encountered in space vehicles. In this paper, shaping filters are proposed as a Methodology to reduce the conservatism of peak response analytic bounds. This Methodology...
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, BIOMASS BURNING, AEROSOLS, MODELS, PARAMETERIZATION, ENERGY BUDGETS,...
248
248
May 29, 2011
05/11
by
Liu, Ansheng; Chuang, S.-L.; Ning, C. Z
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eye 248
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Second-order nonlinear optical processes including second-harmonic generation, optical rectification, and difference-frequency generation associated with intersubband transitions in wurtzite GaN/AlGaN quantum well (QW) are investigated theoretically. Taking into account the strain-induced piezoelectric (PZ) effects, we solve the electronic structure of the QW from coupled effective-mass Schrodinger equation and Poisson equation including the exchange-correlation effect under the local-density...
Topics: AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS, BIOMASS BURNING, MADAGASCAR, OZONE, TROPOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
25
25
Jul 6, 2019
07/19
by
Zhenyu Hong; Han Zhang; Yanru Zhang; Lingling Xu; Taotao Liu; Hang Xiao; Youwei Hong; Jinsheng Chen; Mengren Li; Junjun Deng; Xin Wu; Xiaoqiu Chen
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Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays an important role in global climate change and air quality. PM 2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm) samples were collected at a mountainous forest site (Mt. Wuyi) in southeastern China between November 2015 and July 2016. Fourteen PM 2.5 -bound SOA tracers, including isoprene, α/β‑pinene, β‑caryophyllene, and toluene, were measured using the gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry method. The total concentrations of the isoprene,...
Topics: Biomass burning, Mountainous forest area, PM 2.5, Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers,...
62
62
Oct 29, 2009
10/09
by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
movies
eye 62
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Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor of air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In this animation, Aura shows a large concentration of tropospheric ozone is being transported from South America to Africa. Note: This animation shows how ozone in the Troposphere changes from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of Red...
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3069
This report presents a summary, of the participation in the 6-week field study in southern Africa. During the field study there were flown 119.02 research hours (31 research flights). In these flights the researchers obtained many unique data sets for evaluating the effects of biomass burning and other sources of particles and gases on the climate of southern Africa, and obtained simultaneous measurements with NASA ER-2 and Terra overflights. They also analyzed portions of the large data sets...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AFRICA, BIOMASS BURNING, MAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS,...
49
49
Oct 29, 2009
10/09
by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
movies
eye 49
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comment 0
Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry. Many different organizations monitor regional areas of the troposphere, but Aura is the first to record daily global measurements. Note: This animation shows how ozone in the Troposphere changes from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of Red represent high levels (50+ DU) and areas of blue represent low areas (20 DU). Animator: Lori Perkins (NASA/GSFC), Stuart A. Snodgrass (GST). Scientist: Mark Schoeberl...
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3068
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45
Oct 29, 2009
10/09
by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
movies
eye 45
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comment 0
Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor of air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The complexity of pollution transport makes it difficult to quantify how much industry contributes to poor local air quality. Note: This animation shows ozone in the troposphere from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of red represent...
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3071
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435
Jun 11, 2011
06/11
by
Jeram, Geoffrey J
texts
eye 435
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This Open Platform for Limit Protection guides the open design of maneuver limit protection systems in general, and manned, rotorcraft, aerospace applications in particular. The platform uses three stages of limit protection modules: limit cue creation, limit cue arbitration, and control system interface. A common set of limit cue modules provides commands that can include constraints, alerts, transfer functions, and friction. An arbitration module selects the ''best'' limit protection cues and...
Topics: BIOMASS BURNING, ARID LANDS, GRASSLANDS, AFRICA, SATELLITE IMAGERY, ANNUAL VARIATIONS, NIGHT,...
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278
Jun 11, 2011
06/11
by
Nance, Robert P.; Wilmoth, Richard G.; Moon, Bongki; Hassan, H. A.; Saltz, Joe
texts
eye 278
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This paper describes a parallel implementation of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Runtime library support is used for scheduling and execution of communication between nodes, and domain decomposition is performed dynamically to maintain a good load balance. Performance tests are conducted using the code to evaluate various remapping and remapping-interval policies, and it is shown that a one-dimensional chain-partitioning method works best for the problems considered. The...
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, TROPICAL REGIONS, BIOMASS BURNING, GREENHOUSE EFFECT, CHEMICAL REACTIONS,...
The modelers point of view is that the aerosol problem is one of sources, evolution, and sinks. Relative to evolution and sink processes, enormous attention is given to the problem of aerosols sources, whether inventory based (e.g., fossil fuel emissions) or dynamic (e.g., dust, sea salt, biomass burning). On the other hand, aerosol losses in models are a major factor in controlling the aerosol distribution and lifetime. Here we shine some light on how aerosol sinks are treated in modern...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, PARAMETERIZATION, SINKS, DUST,...
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296
Jun 1, 2011
06/11
by
Wang, Len; Flom, Yur
texts
eye 296
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This paper presents results of the second part of an on-going effort to gain better understanding of defect tolerance in braze joints. In the first part of this three-part series, we mechanically tested and modeled the strength of the lap joints as a function of the overlap distance. A failure criterion was established based on the zone damage theory, which predicts the dependence of the lap joint shear strength on the overlap distance, based on the critical size of a finite damage zone or an...
Topics: OZONE, BIOMASS BURNING, NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, SATELLITE OBSERVATION, REMOTE SENSING, TRANSPORT...
53
53
Oct 29, 2009
10/09
by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
movies
eye 53
favorite 0
comment 0
Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Note: This animation shows how ozone in the Troposphere changes from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of Red represent high levels (50+ DU) and areas of blue represent low areas (20 DU). Animator: Lori Perkins (NASA/GSFC), Stuart A....
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3070
We have computed the Aerosol Index (AI) at 354 nm, useful for observing the presence of absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere, from aerosol simulations conducted with the Goddard Chemistry, Aerosol, Radiation, and Transport (GOCART) module running online the GEOS-5 Atmospheric GCM. The model simulates five aerosol types: dust, sea salt, black carbon, organic carbon and sulfate aerosol and can be run in replay or data assimilation modes. In the assimilation mode, information's provided by the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, MODIS (RADIOMETRY), RADIATION TRANSPORT, RADIATIVE...
403
403
May 31, 2011
05/11
by
Xu, F.; El-Leathy, A. M.; Faeth, G. M
texts
eye 403
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Soot oxidation was studied experimentally in laminar hydrocarbon/air diffusion flames at atmospheric pressure. Measurements were carried out along the axes of round jets burning in coflowing air considering acetylene, ethylene, propylene and propane as fuels. Measurements were limited to the initial stages of soot oxidation (carbon consumption less than 70%) where soot oxidation mainly occurs at the surface of primary soot particles. The following properties were measured as a function of...
Topics: TROPOSPHERE, STRATOSPHERE, AIR MASSES, OZONE, NIMBUS 7 SATELLITE, TOTAL OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER,...
The Fire Energetics and Emissions Research (FEER) group's new coefficient of emission global gridded product at 1x1 resolution that directly relates fire readiative energy (FRE) to smoke aerosol release, FEERv1.0 Ce, made its public debut in August 2013. Since then, steps have been taken to generate corresponding maps and totals of total particulate matter (PM) emissions using different sources of FRE, and subsequently to simulate the resulting PM(sub 2.5) in the WRF-Chem 3.5 model using...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FIRES, BIOMASS BURNING, AEROSOLS, ALGORITHMS, PARTICULATES,...
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203
May 30, 2011
05/11
by
Wooddruff, S. L.; Hussaini, M. Y
texts
eye 203
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The inverse problem for jet acoustics, or the determination of noise sources from far-field pressure information, is proposed as a tool for understanding the generation of noise by turbulence and for the improved prediction of jet noise. An idealized version of the problem is investigated first to establish the extent to which information about the noise sources may be determined from far-field pressure data and to determine how a well-posed inverse problem may be set up. Then a version of the...
Topics: OZONE, BRAZIL, INDONESIA, PACIFIC OCEAN, SAMOA, CONVECTION, MIXING RATIOS, TRAJECTORIES,...
Carbon monoxide is considered mission critical (TRACE-P NRA) because it is one of the gases involved in controlling the oxidizing power of the atmosphere and, as a tracer gas, is valuable in interpreting mission data sets. Carbon monoxide exhibits interannual differences, suggesting relatively short-term imbalances in sources and sinks. Sources of CO are dominated by fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and the photochemical oxidation of CH4 and nonmethane hydrocarbons while reaction with...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON MONOXIDE, METHANE, BIOMASS BURNING, ANNUAL VARIATIONS,...
The northern sub-Saharan African (NSSA) region, bounded by the Sahara, Equator, and the West and East African coastlines, is subjected to intense biomass burning every year during the dry season. This is believed to be one of the drivers of the regional carbon and energy cycles, with serious implications for the water cycle anomalies that probably contribute to drought and desertification. In this presentation, we will discuss a new multi-disciplinary research in the NSSA region, review...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AFRICA, BIOMASS BURNING, DROUGHT, GRASSLANDS, CLIMATE CHANGE,...
Hydrogen cyanide is not usually considered in atmospheric chemical models. The paper presents three reasons why hydrogen cyanide is likely to be significant for atmospheric chemistry. Firstly, HCN is a product and marker of biomass burning. Secondly, it is also likely that lightning is producing HCN, and as HCN is sparingly soluble it could be a useful long-lived "smoking gun" marker of lightning activity. Thirdly, the chemical decomposition of HCN leads to the production of small...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, CYANIDES, HYDROGEN, HYDROCYANIC ACID,...
Accurate quantification of the amounts of trace gases and particulate matter emitted from vegetation fires and other sources of biomass burning (agricultural waste and biofuels) on a regional and global basis is required by a number of users, including scientists studying a wide range of atmospheric processes, national governments who are required to report greenhouse gas emissions, and those interested in quantifying the sources of air pollution that affect human health at regional scales....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, EXHAUST EMISSION, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY,...
Recent satellite-based studies have revealed that the northern sub-Saharan African (NSSA) region has one of the highest biomass-burning rates per unit land area among all regions of the world. Because of the high concentration and frequency of fires in this region, with the associated abundance of heat release and gaseous and particulate smoke emissions, biomass-burning activity is believed to be a major driver of the regional carbon, energy, and water cycles. We acknowledge that the rainy...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DROUGHT, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, FIRES, ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION,...
Satellite remote sensing is providing us tremendous opportunities to measure the fire radiative energy (FRE) release rate or power (FRP) from open biomass burning, which affects many vegetated regions of the world on a seasonal basis. Knowledge of the biomass burning characteristics and emission source strengths of different (particulate and gaseous) smoke constituents is one of the principal ingredients upon which the assessment, modeling, and forecasting of their distribution and impacts...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FIRES, MODIS (RADIOMETRY), METEOSAT SATELLITE, RADIATIVE HEAT...
We present an investigation on multi-decadal changes of atmospheric aerosols and their effects on surface radiation using a global chemistry transport model along with the near-term to long-term data records. We focus on a 28-year time period of satellite era from 1980 to 2007) during which a suite of aerosol data from satellite observations) ground-based measurements) and intensive field experiments have become available. We analyze the long-term global and regional aerosol trends and their...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR RADIATION, AEROSOLS, BIOMASS BURNING, DUST, SATELLITE...
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303
Jun 13, 2011
06/11
by
Przekop, Adam; Rizzi, Stephen A
texts
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The goal of this investigation is to further develop nonlinear modal numerical simulation methods for application to geometrically nonlinear response of structures exposed to combined high intensity random pressure fluctuations and thermal loadings. The study is conducted on a flat aluminum beam, which permits a comparison of results obtained by a reduced-order analysis with those obtained from a numerically intensive simulation in physical degrees-of-freedom. A uniformly distributed thermal...
Topics: CARBON MONOXIDE, ANNUAL VARIATIONS, DEHYDRATION, BIOMASS BURNING, TAPE RECORDERS, STRATOSPHERE,...
Aerosols, defined as particles and droplets suspended in air, are always present in the atmosphere. They are part of the earth-atmosphere climate system, because they interact with both incoming solar and outgoing terrestrial radiation. They do this directly through scattering and absorption, and indirectly through effects on clouds. Submicrometer aerosols usually predominate in terms of number of particles per unit volume of air. They have dimensions close to the wavelengths of visible light,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, BIOMASS...
The functional grouping hypothesis, which suggests that complexity in function can be simplified by grouping species with similar responses, was tested in the Florida scrub habitat. Functional groups were identified based on how species in fire maintained FL scrub function in terms of carbon, water and nitrogen dynamics. The suite of physiologic parameters measured to determine function included both instantaneous gas exchange measurements obtained from photosynthetic light response curves and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, LEAVES, PLANTS (BOTANY), CLUSTER ANALYSIS,...
The extent of biomass burning has increased significantly over the past 100 years because of human activities, and such burning is much more frequent and widespread than was previously believed. Biomass burning is now recognized as a significant global source of emissions, contributing as much as 40% of gross carbon dioxide and 38% of tropospheric ozone. Most of the world's burned biomass matter is from the savannas, and because two-thirds of the Earth's savannas are located in Africa, that...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, AIR POLLUTION, GRASSLANDS, CLIMATE CHANGE,...
The northern sub-Saharan African (NSSA) region, bounded on the north and south by the Sahara and the Equator, respectively, and stretching from the West to the East African coastlines, has one of the highest biomass-burning rates per unit land area among all regions of the world. Because of the high concentration and frequency of fires in this region, with the associated abundance of heat release and gaseous and particulate smoke emissions, biomass-burning activity is believed to be one of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AFRICA, BIOMASS BURNING, WATER RESOURCES, HEAT TRANSFER,...
412
412
May 30, 2011
05/11
by
Walter, Bernadette P.; Heimann, Martin; Mattews, Elain
texts
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A global run of a process-based methane model [Walter et al., this issue] is performed using high-frequency atmospheric forcing fields from ECMWF reanalyses of the period from 1982 to 1993. We calculate global annual methane emissions to be 260 Tg/ yr. 25% of methane emissions originate from wetlands north of 30 deg. N. Only 60% of the produced methane is emitted, while the rest is re-oxidized. A comparison of zonal integrals of simulated global wetland emissions and results obtained by an...
Topics: AEROSOLS, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS, DATA BASES, BIOMASS BURNING, GROUND STATIONS,...
The accurate measurement of ecosystem biomass is of great importance in scientific, resource management and energy sectors. In particular, biomass is a direct measurement of carbon storage within an ecosystem and of great importance for carbon cycle science and carbon emission mitigation. Remote Sensing is the most accurate tool for global biomass measurements because of the ability to measure large areas. Current biomass estimates are derived primarily from ground-based samples, as compiled...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS, REMOTE SENSING, FOREST FIRES, BIOMASS BURNING,...
This is the final report for "Using satellite observations to quantify biomass burning emissions of NOx and hydrocarbons in the Tropics", funded through the New Investigator Program between March 2001 and March 2005. This period includes a 1-year no-cost extension of the original award. This report summarizes our accomplishments during the duration of the grant. Section 2 focuses on the research component of this work, while section 3 describes the education component. The personnel...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, HYDROCARBONS, NITROGEN OXIDES, SATELLITE...
This report provides a compendium of NASA aircraft data that are available from NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment's (GTE) Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics B (PEM-Tropics B) conducted in March and April 1999. PEM-Tropics B was conducted during the southern-tropical wet season when the influence from biomass burning observed in PEM-Tropics A was minimal. Major deployment sites were Hawaii, Kiritimati (Christmas Island), Tahiti, Fiji, and Easter Island. The broad goals of PEM-Tropics B were...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, OXIDATION, TROPICAL REGIONS, TROPOSPHERE, DATA...
Biomass burning is a source of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. In addition, biomass burning is a source of chemically active gases, including carbon monoxide, nonmethane hydrocarbons, and nitric oxide. These gases, along with methane, lead to the chemical production of tropospheric ozone (another greenhouse gas) as well as control the concentration of the hydroxyl radical, which regulates the lifetime of almost every atmospheric gas. Following biomass burning,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, BIOMASS BURNING, GREENHOUSE EFFECT,...
The northern sub-Saharan African (NSSA) region, extending from the southern fringes of the Sahara to the Equator, and stretching west to east from the Atlantic to the Indian ocean coasts, plays a prominent role in the distribution of Saharan dust and other airborne matter around the region and to other parts of the world, the genesis of global atmospheric circulation, and the birth of such major (and often catastrophic) events as hurricanes. Therefore, this NSSA region represents a critical...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, BIOMASS BURNING, CLIMATE CHANGE,...
The objectives of this project were: (1) To incorporate into an existing version of the University of Maryland Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) model, optical parameters of forest fire aerosols, using best available information, as well as optical properties of other aerosols, identified as significant. (2) To run the model on regional scales with the new parametrization and information on forest fire occurrence and plume advection, as available from NASA LARC, and test improvements in inferring...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, MODELS, PARAMETERIZATION, ENERGY...
This report provides a compendium of NASA aircraft data that are available from NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment's (GTE) Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics B (PEM-Tropics B) conducted in March and April 1999. PEM-Tropics B was conducted during the southern-tropical wet season when the influence from biomass burning observed in PEM-Tropics A was minimal. Major deployment sites were Hawaii, Kiritimati (Christmas Island), Tahiti, Fiji, and Easter Island. The broad goals of PEM-Tropics B were...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, OXIDATION, TROPOSPHERE, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, DATA...
Researchers have been looking at the connection between tropical biomass burning and ozone formation and long-range transport for roughly 15 years. One can see the linkage and transport patterns from satellite though aircraft and/or balloon-sonde profiles are required to observe the fine structure (ozone transport over thousands of km often happens in thin layers). In this review, I survey the pyrogenic ozone transport in the large oceanic basins - Indian Ocean, Pacific and Atlantic....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OZONE, OCEAN SURFACE, BIOMASS BURNING, TOTAL OZONE MAPPING...
Recent results from the GOCART and GMI models are reported. They include: Updated emission inventories for anthropogenic and volcano sources, satellite-derived vegetation index for seasonal variations of dust emission, MODIS-derived smoke AOT for assessing uncertainties of biomass-burning emissions, long-range transport of aerosol across the Pacific Ocean, and model studies on the multi-decadal trend of regional and global aerosol distributions from 1980 to 2010, volcanic aerosols, and nitrate...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MODIS (RADIOMETRY), OCEAN MODELS, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY,...
