Savannas consist of a continuous layer of grass interspersed with scattered trees or shrubs, and cover approx. 10 million square kilometers of tropical Africa. African savanna fires, almost all resulting from human activities, may produce as much as a third of the total global emissions from biomass burning. Little is known, however, about the frequency and location of these fires, and the area burned each year. Emissions from African savanna burning are known to be transported over the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, GRASSLANDS, AFRICA, SATELLITE IMAGERY,...
We present an investigation on multi-decadal changes of atmospheric aerosols and their effects on surface radiation using a global chemistry transport model GOCART along with the near-term to long-term data records. We focus on a 28-year time period of satellite era from 1980 to 2007 during which a suite of aerosol data from satellite observations, ground-based measurements, and intensive field experiments have become available. Particularly: (1) We compare the model calculated clear sky...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, CLIMATOLOGY, RADIATIVE TRANSFER, TERRESTRIAL...
Measurements of tropospheric ozone from combined Aura OMI and MLS instruments have yielded a large number of new and important science discoveries over the last decade. These discoveries have generated a much greater understanding of biomass burning, lightning NO, and stratosphere-troposphere exchange sources of tropospheric ozone, ENSO dynamics and photochemistry, intra-seasonal variability-Madden-Julian Oscillation including convective transport, radiative forcing, measuring ozone pollution...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TROPOSPHERE, OZONE, AURA SPACECRAFT, MADDEN-JULIAN...
The multi-angle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) algorithm makes aerosol retrievals from MODIS data at 1 km resolution providing information about the fine scale aerosol variability. This information is required in different applications such as urban air quality analysis, aerosol source identification etc. The quality of high resolution aerosol data is directly linked to the quality of cloud mask, in particular detection of small (sub-pixel) and low clouds. This work continues...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ALGORITHMS, BIOMASS BURNING, SMOKE, CLOUDS (METEOROLOGY),...
Ground, airborne and spaceborne data were collected for a 450 ha prescribed fire implemented on 18 October 2011 at the Henry W. Coe State Park in California. The integration of various data elements allowed near coincident active fire retrievals to be estimated. The Autonomous Modular Sensor-Wildfire (AMS) airborne multispectral imaging system was used as a bridge between ground and spaceborne data sets providing high quality reference information to support satellite fire retrieval error...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT, BIOMASS BURNING, SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTS,...
3D aerosol-cloud interaction is examined by analyzing two images containing cumulus clouds in biomass burning regions in Brazil. The research consists of two parts. The first part focuses on identifying 3D clo ud impacts on the reflectance of pixel selected for the MODIS aerosol retrieval based purely on observations. The second part of the resea rch combines the observations with radiative transfer computations to identify key parameters in 3D aerosol-cloud interaction. We found that 3D...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, BIOMASS BURNING, CLOUD COVER, CUMULUS CLOUDS,...
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NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
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Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Note: This animation shows how ozone in the Troposphere changes from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of Red represent high levels (50+ DU) and areas of blue represent low areas (20 DU). Animator: Lori Perkins (NASA/GSFC), Stuart A....
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3070
We interpret the distribution of tropical tropospheric ozone columns (TTOCs) from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) by using a global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-CHEM) and additional information from in situ observations. The GEOS-CHEM TTOCs capture 44% of the variance of monthly mean TOMS TTOCs from the convective cloud differential method (CCD) with no global bias. Major discrepancies are found over northern Africa and south Asia where the TOMS TTOCs do...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS, TOTAL OZONE...
This is the final report for "Using satellite observations to quantify biomass burning emissions of NOx and hydrocarbons in the Tropics", funded through the New Investigator Program between March 2001 and March 2005. This period includes a 1-year no-cost extension of the original award. This report summarizes our accomplishments during the duration of the grant. Section 2 focuses on the research component of this work, while section 3 describes the education component. The personnel...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, HYDROCARBONS, NITROGEN OXIDES, SATELLITE...
Atmospheric particles including mineral dust, biomass burning smoke, pollution from carbonaceous aerosols and sulfates, sea salt, impact air quality and climate. The Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, established in the early 1990s, is a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks of Sun/sky radiometers distributed around the world, which provides a long-term, continuous and readily accessible public domain database of aerosol optical (e.g., aerosol optical depth) and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, REMOTE SENSING, ROBOTICS, CLIMATOLOGY, EARTH...
The Fire Energetics and Emissions Research (FEER) group's new coefficient of emission global gridded product at 1x1 resolution that directly relates fire readiative energy (FRE) to smoke aerosol release, FEERv1.0 Ce, made its public debut in August 2013. Since then, steps have been taken to generate corresponding maps and totals of total particulate matter (PM) emissions using different sources of FRE, and subsequently to simulate the resulting PM(sub 2.5) in the WRF-Chem 3.5 model using...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FIRES, BIOMASS BURNING, AEROSOLS, ALGORITHMS, PARTICULATES,...
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NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
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Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry. Many different organizations monitor regional areas of the troposphere, but Aura is the first to record daily global measurements. Note: This animation shows how ozone in the Troposphere changes from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of Red represent high levels (50+ DU) and areas of blue represent low areas (20 DU). Animator: Lori Perkins (NASA/GSFC), Stuart A. Snodgrass (GST). Scientist: Mark Schoeberl...
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3068
Our analysis of the TRACE-P data focused on answering the following questions: 1) How do anthropogenic sources in Asia contribute to chemical outflow over the western Pacific in spring? 2) How does biomass burning in southeast Asia contribute to this outflow? 3) How can the TRACE-P observations be used to better quantify the sources of environmentally important gases in eastern Asia? Our strategy drew on a combination of data analysis and global 3-D modeling, as described below. We also...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, ASIA, THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS, EMISSION,...
Black carbon aerosol plays a unique and important role in Earth's climate system. Black carbon is a type of carbonaceous material with a unique combination of physical properties. This assessment provides an evaluation of black-carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; influence on liquid, mixed phase, and ice clouds;...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLIMATE MODELS, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, BIOMASS BURNING,...
The NASA Goddard Earth Observing System modeling and data assimilation environment (GEOS-5) is maintained by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Near-realtime meteorological forecasts are produced to support NASA satellite and field missions. We have implemented in this environment an aerosol module based on the Goddard Chemistry, Aerosol, Radiation, and Transport (GOCART) model. This modeling system has previously been evaluated in the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (EOS), REAL TIME OPERATION,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
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Qiyuan Wang; Junji Cao; Yongming Han; Jie Tian; Yue Zhang; Siwatt Pongpiachan; Li Li; Xinyi Niu; Zhenxing Shen; Zhuzi Zhao; Danai Tipmanee; Suratta Bunsomboonsakul; Yang Chen; Jian Sun
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A lack of information on the radiative effects of refractory black carbon (rBC) emitted from biomass burning is a significant gap in our understanding of climate change. A custom-made combustion chamber was used to simulate the open burning of crop residues and investigate the impacts of rBC size and mixing state on the particles' optical properties. Average rBC mass median diameters ranged from 141 to 162 nm for the rBC produced from different types of crop residues. The number fraction of...
Topics: Biomass burning, Black carbon, Light absorption, Mixing state, Size distribution
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Thornton, Randall J.; Hochstein, John I
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An established correlation for geyser height prediction of an axial jet inflow into a microgravity propellant tank was analyzed and an effort to develop an improved correlation was made. The original correlation, developed using data from ethanol flow in small-scale drop tower tests, uses the jet-Weber number and the jet-Bond number to predict geyser height. A new correlation was developed from the same set of experimental data using the jet-Weber number and both the jet-Bond number and...
Topics: AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, SMOKE, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPECTRORADIOMETERS, REMOTE SENSING,...
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Bar-Itzhack, Itzhack Y.; Harman, Richard R
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This paper presents the overall mathematical model and results from pseudo linear recursive estimators of attitude and rate for a spinning spacecraft. The measurements considered are vector measurements obtained by sun-sensors, fixed head star trackers, horizon sensors, and three axis magnetometers. Two filters are proposed for estimating the attitude as well as the angular rate vector. One filter, called the q-Filter, yields the attitude estimate as a quaternion estimate, and the other filter,...
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, CYANIDES, HYDROGEN, HYDROCYANIC ACID, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, BIOMASS BURNING,...
The AeroCom BB (Biomass Burning) Experiment AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) motivation: We have a substantial set of satellite wildfire plume AOD snapshots and injection heights to help calibrate model/inventory performance; We are 1) adding more fire source-strength cases 2) using MISR to improve the AOD constrains and 3) adding 2008 global injection heights; We selected GFED3-daily due to good overall source strength performance, but any inventory can be tested; Joint effort to test multiple,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, SMOKE, PLUMES, IMAGING SPECTROMETERS, MODIS...
We present an investigation on multi-decadal changes of atmospheric aerosols and their effects on surface radiation using a global chemistry transport model along with the near-term to long-term data records. We focus on a 28-year time period of satellite era from 1980 to 2007, during which a suite of aerosol data from satellite observations and ground-based remote sensing and in-situ measurements have become available. We analyze the long-term global and regional aerosol optical depth and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SATELLITE OBSERVATION, PERIODIC VARIATIONS, REMOTE SENSING,...
We investigated the anthropogenic and volcanic contributions to sulfate aerosol in the stratosphere through modeling and analysis of satellite data. We use a global model GOCART to simulate SO2 and sulfate aerosol in the period of 2000 to 2010, during which numerous volcanic eruptions occurred although nothing like the magnitudes of El Chichon or Pinatubo. We compared the model results with the column SO2 data from OMI and stratospheric SO2 data from MLS instrument on Aura satellite and the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS, VOLCANOES, PERIODIC VARIATIONS,...
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Glass, Christopher E
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An uncoupled Computational Fluid Dynamics-Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (CFD-DSMC) technique is developed and applied to provide solutions for continuum jets interacting with rarefied external flows. The technique is based on a correlation of the appropriate Bird breakdown parameter for a transitional-rarefied condition that defines a surface within which the continuum solution is unaffected by the external flow-jet interaction. The method is applied to two problems to assess and demonstrate...
Topics: AEROSOLS, OXIDATION, TROPOSPHERE, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, DATA BASES, BIOMASS BURNING, TROPICAL...
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Addy, Harold E., Jr.; Broeren, Andy P.; Zoeckler, Joesph G.; Lee, Sa
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Aerodynamic wind tunnel tests were conducted to study the effects of various ice accretions on the aerodynamic performance of a 36-inch chord, two-dimensional business jet airfoil. Eight different ice shape configurations were tested. Four were castings made from molds of ice shapes accreted in an icing wind tunnel. Two were made using computationally smoothed tracings of two of the ice shapes accreted in the icing tunnel. These smoothed profiles were then extended in the spanwise direction to...
Topics: OZONE, ADIABATIC CONDITIONS, TROPOSPHERE, SMOKE, AIR WATER INTERACTIONS, LONG WAVE RADIATION,...
The global effects of the 2004 El Nino on tropospheric ozone and H2O based on Aura OM1 and MLS measurements are analyzed. Although it was a weak El Nino from a historical perspective, it produced significant changes in these parameters in tropical latitudes. Tropospheric ozone increased by 10-20% over most of the western Pacific region and decreased by about the same amount over the eastern Pacific region. H2O in the upper troposphere showed similar changes but with opposite sign. These zonal...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EL NINO, TROPICAL REGIONS, BIOMASS BURNING, MICROWAVE LANDING...
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Liu, Ansheng; Chuang, S.-L.; Ning, C. Z
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Second-order nonlinear optical processes including second-harmonic generation, optical rectification, and difference-frequency generation associated with intersubband transitions in wurtzite GaN/AlGaN quantum well (QW) are investigated theoretically. Taking into account the strain-induced piezoelectric (PZ) effects, we solve the electronic structure of the QW from coupled effective-mass Schrodinger equation and Poisson equation including the exchange-correlation effect under the local-density...
Topics: AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS, BIOMASS BURNING, MADAGASCAR, OZONE, TROPOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC...
The objectives of this project were: (1) To incorporate into an existing version of the University of Maryland Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) model, optical parameters of forest fire aerosols, using best available information, as well as optical properties of other aerosols, identified as significant. (2) To run the model on regional scales with the new parametrization and information on forest fire occurrence and plume advection, as available from NASA LARC, and test improvements in inferring...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, MODELS, PARAMETERIZATION, ENERGY...
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Xu, F.; El-Leathy, A. M.; Faeth, G. M
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Soot oxidation was studied experimentally in laminar hydrocarbon/air diffusion flames at atmospheric pressure. Measurements were carried out along the axes of round jets burning in coflowing air considering acetylene, ethylene, propylene and propane as fuels. Measurements were limited to the initial stages of soot oxidation (carbon consumption less than 70%) where soot oxidation mainly occurs at the surface of primary soot particles. The following properties were measured as a function of...
Topics: TROPOSPHERE, STRATOSPHERE, AIR MASSES, OZONE, NIMBUS 7 SATELLITE, TOTAL OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
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Zhenyu Hong; Han Zhang; Yanru Zhang; Lingling Xu; Taotao Liu; Hang Xiao; Youwei Hong; Jinsheng Chen; Mengren Li; Junjun Deng; Xin Wu; Xiaoqiu Chen
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Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays an important role in global climate change and air quality. PM 2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm) samples were collected at a mountainous forest site (Mt. Wuyi) in southeastern China between November 2015 and July 2016. Fourteen PM 2.5 -bound SOA tracers, including isoprene, α/β‑pinene, β‑caryophyllene, and toluene, were measured using the gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry method. The total concentrations of the isoprene,...
Topics: Biomass burning, Mountainous forest area, PM 2.5, Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers,...
An ensemble approach is used to examine the sensitivity of smoke loading and smoke direct radiative effect in the atmosphere to uncertainties in smoke emission estimates. Seven different fire emission inventories are applied independently to WRF-Chem model (v3.5) with the same model configuration (excluding dust and other emission sources) over the northern sub-Saharan African (NSSA) biomass-burning region. Results for November and February 2010 are analyzed, respectively representing the start...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, SMOKE, BIOMASS BURNING, FIRES,...
This is the first comprehensive assessment of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) product retrieved from the near-UV observations by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the Aura satellite. The OMI-retrieved AOD by the ultraviolet (UV) aerosol algorithm (OMAERUV version 1.4.2) was evaluated using collocated Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) level 2.0 direct Sun AOD measurements over 8 years (2005-2012). A time series analysis of collocated satellite and ground-based AOD observations over 8...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OZONOMETRY, AEROSOLS, OPTICAL THICKNESS, DESERTS, DUST,...
The chemical link between isoprene and formaldehyde (HCHO) is a strong, non-linear function of NOx (= 27 NO + NO2). This relationship is a linchpin for top-down isoprene emission inventory verification from orbital HCHO column observations. It is also a benchmark for overall mechanism performance with regard to VOC oxidation. Using a comprehensive suite of airborne in situ observations over the Southeast U.S., we quantify HCHO production across the urban-rural spectrum. Analysis of isoprene and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FORMALDEHYDE, METHYL COMPOUNDS, BUTADIENE, OXIDATION,...
Carbon monoxide is considered mission critical (TRACE-P NRA) because it is one of the gases involved in controlling the oxidizing power of the atmosphere and, as a tracer gas, is valuable in interpreting mission data sets. Carbon monoxide exhibits interannual differences, suggesting relatively short-term imbalances in sources and sinks. Sources of CO are dominated by fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and the photochemical oxidation of CH4 and nonmethane hydrocarbons while reaction with...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON MONOXIDE, METHANE, BIOMASS BURNING, ANNUAL VARIATIONS,...
Worldwide black carbon concentration measurements are needed to assess the efficacy of the carbon emissions inventory and transport model output. This requires long-term measurements in many regions, as model success in one region or season does not apply to all regions and seasons. AERONET is an automated network of more than 180 surface radiometers located throughout the world. The sky radiance measurements obtained by AERONET are inverted to provide column-averaged aerosol refractive indices...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON, AEROSOLS, PARTICLE DENSITY (CONCENTRATION), AIR...
From late-July through mid-August 2010, wildfires raged in western Russia. The resulting thick smoke and biomass burning products were transported over the highly populated Moscow city and surrounding regions, seriously impairing visibility and affecting human health. We demonstrate the uniqueness of the 2010 Russian wildfires by using satellite observations from NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) platforms. Over Moscow and the region of major fire activity to the southeast, we calculate...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON MONOXIDE, SATELLITE OBSERVATION, SMOKE, FOREST FIRES,...
We analyze aircraft observations obtained during INTEX-A (1 July 14 - August 2004) to examine the summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. By applying correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the observations between 6-12 km, we find dominant influences from recent convection and lightning (13 percent of observations), Asia (7 percent), the lower stratosphere (7 percent), and boreal forest fires (2 percent), with the remaining 71...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SUMMER, AIR POLLUTION, ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, PHOTOCHEMICAL...
During the spring of 2010, comprehensive in situ measurements were made for the first time on a small atoll (Dongsha Island) in the northern South China Sea (SCS), a key region of the 7-SEAS (the Seven South East Asian Studies) program. This paper focuses on characterizing the source origins, transport processes, and vertical distributions of the Asian continental outflows over the region, using measurements including mass concentration, optical properties, hygroscopicity, and vertical...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION, REMOTE SENSING, CONTAMINANTS, CHINA,...
By modulating the Earth-atmosphere energy, hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and affecting regional-to-global weather and climate, biomass burning is recognized as one of the major factors affecting the global carbon cycle. However, few comprehensive and wide-ranging experiments have been conducted to characterize biomass-burning pollutants in Southeast Asia (SEA) or assess their regional impact on meteorology, the hydrological cycle, the radiative budget, or climate change. Recently,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOUTHEAST ASIA, BIOMASS BURNING, AEROSOLS, AIR POLLUTION,...
The following oralvisual presentation focused on an overview of GEOS-5 activities in relation to Aerosol forecasting and
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS, AEROSOLS,...
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Laird, William M.; Fauconneau, Gu
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Previous investigations have demonstrated the importance of the effect of linearly varying axial or in-plane loading on the vibration characteristics of beams and flat plates. It has already been established that the problem reduces to solving for the eigenvalues of a fourth order, variable coefficient differential equation that can not be solved in closed form. Beginning with a variational representation of the eigenvalue problem, methods are discussed by which both upper and lower bounds for...
Topics: RADIATIVE TRANSFER, UNITED STATES, BIOMASS BURNING, SIZE DISTRIBUTION, HUMIDITY, REFRACTIVITY,...
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Walter, Bernadette P.; Heimann, Martin; Mattews, Elain
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A global run of a process-based methane model [Walter et al., this issue] is performed using high-frequency atmospheric forcing fields from ECMWF reanalyses of the period from 1982 to 1993. We calculate global annual methane emissions to be 260 Tg/ yr. 25% of methane emissions originate from wetlands north of 30 deg. N. Only 60% of the produced methane is emitted, while the rest is re-oxidized. A comparison of zonal integrals of simulated global wetland emissions and results obtained by an...
Topics: AEROSOLS, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS, DATA BASES, BIOMASS BURNING, GROUND STATIONS,...
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Finzi, Alberto; Ingrand, Felix; Muscettola, Nicol
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This paper reports on the design and implementation of a real-time executive for a mobile rover that uses a model-based, declarative approach. The control system is based on the Intelligent Distributed Execution Architecture (IDEA), an approach to planning and execution that provides a unified representational and computational framework for an autonomous agent. The basic hypothesis of IDEA is that a large control system can be structured as a collection of interacting agents, each with the...
Topics: CARBON MONOXIDE, METHANE, BIOMASS BURNING, ANNUAL VARIATIONS, AIR MASSES, PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (EOS), OPTICAL THICKNESS,...
Many remote sensing techniques and passive sensors have been developed to measure global aerosol properties. While instantaneous comparisons between pixel-level data often reveal quantitative differences, here we use Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, also known as Principal Component Analysis, to demonstrate that satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) data sets exhibit essentially the same spatial and temporal variability and are thus suitable for large-scale studies....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, BIOMASS BURNING, REMOTE SENSING, SEA-VIEWING WIDE...
Pollution is often considered a localized phenomenon, but it is now clear that it travels from region-to-region, country to country, and even continent to continent. In addition to urban pollution in developed countries, large emissions from developing nations and large-scale biomass fires add to the global pollution burden. Ozone and aerosols are two components of pollution that contribute to radiative forcing of the earth s climate. In turn, as climate changes, rates of chemical and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GLOBAL AIR POLLUTION, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, CLIMATOLOGY,...
This report provides a compendium of NASA aircraft data that are available from NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment's (GTE) Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics B (PEM-Tropics B) conducted in March and April 1999. PEM-Tropics B was conducted during the southern-tropical wet season when the influence from biomass burning observed in PEM-Tropics A was minimal. Major deployment sites were Hawaii, Kiritimati (Christmas Island), Tahiti, Fiji, and Easter Island. The broad goals of PEM-Tropics B were...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, OXIDATION, TROPICAL REGIONS, TROPOSPHERE, DATA...
Large urban wildfires throughout southern California have caused billions of dollars of damage and significant loss of life over the last few decades. Rapid urban growth along the wildland interface, high fuel loads and a potential increase in the frequency of large fires due to climatic change suggest that the problem will worsen in the future. Improved fire spread prediction and reduced uncertainty in assessing fire hazard would be significant, both economically and socially. Current problems...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FIRES, CALIFORNIA, CLIMATE CHANGE, BIOMASS BURNING, FORESTS,...
The Aerosols99 cruise took place during the period from January 14, to February 8 1999 on the R/V Ron Brown. The cruise track was almost a straight line from Norfolk, Va. to Cape Town, South Africa and afforded the opportunity to sample several different aerosol regimes over the North and South Atlantic. A Micro Pulse LIDAR system was used continually during this cruise to profile the aerosol vertical structure. Inversions of this data illustrated a varying vertical structure depending on the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OPTICAL RADAR, ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, AIR MASSES, BIOMASS...
Our research efforts have addressed theoretical and numerical modeling of sources emissions and transport processes of trace gases and aerosols emitted by biomass burning on the central of Brazil and Amazon basin. For this effort we coupled all Eulerian transport model with the mesoscale atmospheric model RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System).
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA,...
The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) is an international science project investigating the southern African earth-atmosphere-human system. The experiment was conducted over a two-year period March 1999 - March 2001. The dry season field campaign (August-Steptember 2000) was the most intensive activity and involving over 200 scientists from 18 different nations. The main objectives of this campaign were to characterize and quantify the biogenic, pyrogenic and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, TRACE CONTAMINANTS, POLLUTION TRANSPORT,...
This study evaluates the spatial distributions and seasonal cycles in upper tropospheric ozone (pressure range 200-500 hPa) from low to high latitudes (60S to 60N) derived from the satellite retrieval method called "Cloud Slicing." Cloud Slicing is a unique technique for determining ozone profile information in the troposphere by combining co-located measurements of cloud-top, pressure and above-cloud column ozone. For upper tropospheric ozone, co-located measurements of Nimbus 7...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TROPOSPHERE, OZONE, NIMBUS 7 SATELLITE, TOTAL OZONE MAPPING...
