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247
Jun 9, 2011
06/11
by
Diskin, Glenn S.; Lempert, Walter R.; Miles, Richard B
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A three level model has been developed for the analysis of Schumann-Runge band (B(sup 3)Sigma(sup -)(sub u ) (- X(sup 3)Sigma(sup -)(sub g)) laser-induced fluorescence of molecular oxygen, O2. Such a model is required due to the severe lower state depletion which can occur when transitions having relatively large absorption cross-sections are excited. Such transitions are often utilized via ArF or KrF excimer or dye-laser excitation in high temperature environments. The rapid predissociation of...
Topics: TROPOSPHERE, CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS, SOUTHEAST ASIA, ANNUAL VARIATIONS, BIOMASS BURNING,...
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450
Jun 1, 2011
06/11
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Addy, Harold E., Jr.; Broeren, Andy P.; Zoeckler, Joesph G.; Lee, Sa
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Aerodynamic wind tunnel tests were conducted to study the effects of various ice accretions on the aerodynamic performance of a 36-inch chord, two-dimensional business jet airfoil. Eight different ice shape configurations were tested. Four were castings made from molds of ice shapes accreted in an icing wind tunnel. Two were made using computationally smoothed tracings of two of the ice shapes accreted in the icing tunnel. These smoothed profiles were then extended in the spanwise direction to...
Topics: OZONE, ADIABATIC CONDITIONS, TROPOSPHERE, SMOKE, AIR WATER INTERACTIONS, LONG WAVE RADIATION,...
45
45
Oct 29, 2009
10/09
by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
movies
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Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor of air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The complexity of pollution transport makes it difficult to quantify how much industry contributes to poor local air quality. Note: This animation shows ozone in the troposphere from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of red represent...
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3071
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56
Oct 29, 2009
10/09
by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
movies
eye 56
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Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Note: This animation shows how ozone in the Troposphere changes from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of Red represent high levels (50+ DU) and areas of blue represent low areas (20 DU). Animator: Lori Perkins (NASA/GSFC), Stuart A....
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3070
49
49
Oct 29, 2009
10/09
by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
movies
eye 49
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Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry. Many different organizations monitor regional areas of the troposphere, but Aura is the first to record daily global measurements. Note: This animation shows how ozone in the Troposphere changes from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of Red represent high levels (50+ DU) and areas of blue represent low areas (20 DU). Animator: Lori Perkins (NASA/GSFC), Stuart A. Snodgrass (GST). Scientist: Mark Schoeberl...
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3068
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62
Oct 29, 2009
10/09
by
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
movies
eye 62
favorite 1
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Aura's instruments study tropospheric, or low-level atmospheric chemistry and will monitor of air pollution around the world on a daily basis. Aura measures five of the six 'Criteria Pollutants' identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In this animation, Aura shows a large concentration of tropospheric ozone is being transported from South America to Africa. Note: This animation shows how ozone in the Troposphere changes from September 28, 2004 to November 6, 2004. Areas of Red...
Topics: Atmospheric science, Ozone, Earth Science, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impacts, Biomass...
Source: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3069
Mendeley Climate Change Library
23
23
Jul 5, 2019
07/19
by
Casey D. Bray; William Battye; Viney P. Aneja; Daniel Q. Tong; Pius Lee; Youhua Tang
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This study quantifies ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from biomass burning from 2005 to 2015 across the continental US (CONUS) and compares emissions from biomass burning with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emissions Inventory (NEI), the Fire Inventory from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (FINN) and the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). A statistical regression model was developed in order to predict NH 3 emissions from biomass burning using a combination of...
Topics: Ammonia, Biomass burning, Fire emissions, National emissions inventory, Wildfires
Mendeley Climate Change Library
19
19
Jul 6, 2019
07/19
by
Caiqing Yan; Amy P. Sullivan; Yuan Cheng; Mei Zheng; Yuanhang Zhang; Tong Zhu; Jeffrey L. Collett
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Although biogenic aerosols play important roles in atmospheric processes and climate change, their contributions to atmospheric particulate matter mass have not received much attention, partly due to the difficulty in identifying key aerosol components and due to the often dominant role of anthropogenic emissions. In order to estimate contributions of biogenic and biomass burning organic aerosols to atmospheric particles, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) samples were collected simultaneously...
Topics: Biogenic, Biomass burning, North China plain, Rural/urban, Saccharide, Secondary organic aerosol
306
306
Jun 13, 2011
06/11
by
Przekop, Adam; Rizzi, Stephen A
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The goal of this investigation is to further develop nonlinear modal numerical simulation methods for application to geometrically nonlinear response of structures exposed to combined high intensity random pressure fluctuations and thermal loadings. The study is conducted on a flat aluminum beam, which permits a comparison of results obtained by a reduced-order analysis with those obtained from a numerically intensive simulation in physical degrees-of-freedom. A uniformly distributed thermal...
Topics: CARBON MONOXIDE, ANNUAL VARIATIONS, DEHYDRATION, BIOMASS BURNING, TAPE RECORDERS, STRATOSPHERE,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
30
30
Jul 5, 2019
07/19
by
Qiyuan Wang; Junji Cao; Yongming Han; Jie Tian; Yue Zhang; Siwatt Pongpiachan; Li Li; Xinyi Niu; Zhenxing Shen; Zhuzi Zhao; Danai Tipmanee; Suratta Bunsomboonsakul; Yang Chen; Jian Sun
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A lack of information on the radiative effects of refractory black carbon (rBC) emitted from biomass burning is a significant gap in our understanding of climate change. A custom-made combustion chamber was used to simulate the open burning of crop residues and investigate the impacts of rBC size and mixing state on the particles' optical properties. Average rBC mass median diameters ranged from 141 to 162 nm for the rBC produced from different types of crop residues. The number fraction of...
Topics: Biomass burning, Black carbon, Light absorption, Mixing state, Size distribution
297
297
Jun 1, 2011
06/11
by
Wang, Len; Flom, Yur
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eye 297
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This paper presents results of the second part of an on-going effort to gain better understanding of defect tolerance in braze joints. In the first part of this three-part series, we mechanically tested and modeled the strength of the lap joints as a function of the overlap distance. A failure criterion was established based on the zone damage theory, which predicts the dependence of the lap joint shear strength on the overlap distance, based on the critical size of a finite damage zone or an...
Topics: OZONE, BIOMASS BURNING, NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, SATELLITE OBSERVATION, REMOTE SENSING, TRANSPORT...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
20
20
Jul 5, 2019
07/19
by
Aditya Kumar; Shiliang Wu; Yaoxian Huang; Hong Liao; Jed O. Kaplan
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We estimate the global Hg wildfire emissions for the 2000s and the potential impacts from the 2000–2050 changes in climate, land use and land cover and Hg anthropogenic emissions by combining statistical analysis with global data on vegetation type and coverage as well as fire activities. Global Hg wildfire emissions are estimated to be 612 Mg year −1 . Africa is the dominant source region (43.8% of global emissions), followed by Eurasia (31%) and South America (16.6%). We find significant...
Topics: Biomass burning, Climate change, Land cover, Land use, Modeling
365
365
May 30, 2011
05/11
by
Thornton, Randall J.; Hochstein, John I
texts
eye 365
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An established correlation for geyser height prediction of an axial jet inflow into a microgravity propellant tank was analyzed and an effort to develop an improved correlation was made. The original correlation, developed using data from ethanol flow in small-scale drop tower tests, uses the jet-Weber number and the jet-Bond number to predict geyser height. A new correlation was developed from the same set of experimental data using the jet-Weber number and both the jet-Bond number and...
Topics: AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, SMOKE, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPECTRORADIOMETERS, REMOTE SENSING,...
260
260
Jun 9, 2011
06/11
by
Finzi, Alberto; Ingrand, Felix; Muscettola, Nicol
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This paper reports on the design and implementation of a real-time executive for a mobile rover that uses a model-based, declarative approach. The control system is based on the Intelligent Distributed Execution Architecture (IDEA), an approach to planning and execution that provides a unified representational and computational framework for an autonomous agent. The basic hypothesis of IDEA is that a large control system can be structured as a collection of interacting agents, each with the...
Topics: CARBON MONOXIDE, METHANE, BIOMASS BURNING, ANNUAL VARIATIONS, AIR MASSES, PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS,...
413
413
May 30, 2011
05/11
by
Walter, Bernadette P.; Heimann, Martin; Mattews, Elain
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A global run of a process-based methane model [Walter et al., this issue] is performed using high-frequency atmospheric forcing fields from ECMWF reanalyses of the period from 1982 to 1993. We calculate global annual methane emissions to be 260 Tg/ yr. 25% of methane emissions originate from wetlands north of 30 deg. N. Only 60% of the produced methane is emitted, while the rest is re-oxidized. A comparison of zonal integrals of simulated global wetland emissions and results obtained by an...
Topics: AEROSOLS, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS, DATA BASES, BIOMASS BURNING, GROUND STATIONS,...
Simultaneous tropospheric ozone and aerosols observed using the TOMS satellite instrument are reported for Madagascar during the 1979 through 1999 time period Ozone observations made using the TOMS tropospheric ozone convective-cloud differential method show that the tropospheric ozone amount associated with Madagascar has an average monthly value of 30 DU (Dobson units). The average value is enhanced by 10 to 15 DU in October This maximum coincides with the time of maximum biomass area burning...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS, BIOMASS BURNING, MADAGASCAR,...
The objectives of this project were: (1) To incorporate into an existing version of the University of Maryland Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) model, optical parameters of forest fire aerosols, using best available information, as well as optical properties of other aerosols, identified as significant. (2) To run the model on regional scales with the new parametrization and information on forest fire occurrence and plume advection, as available from NASA LARC, and test improvements in inferring...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, MODELS, PARAMETERIZATION, ENERGY...
The Aerosols99 cruise took place during the period from January 14, to February 8 1999 on the R/V Ron Brown. The cruise track was almost a straight line from Norfolk, Va. to Cape Town, South Africa and afforded the opportunity to sample several different aerosol regimes over the North and South Atlantic. A Micro Pulse LIDAR system was used continually during this cruise to profile the aerosol vertical structure. Inversions of this data illustrated a varying vertical structure depending on the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OPTICAL RADAR, ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, AIR MASSES, BIOMASS...
This report provides a compendium of NASA aircraft data that are available from NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment's (GTE) Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics B (PEM-Tropics B) conducted in March and April 1999. PEM-Tropics B was conducted during the southern-tropical wet season when the influence from biomass burning observed in PEM-Tropics A was minimal. Major deployment sites were Hawaii, Kiritimati (Christmas Island), Tahiti, Fiji, and Easter Island. The broad goals of PEM-Tropics B were...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, OXIDATION, TROPICAL REGIONS, TROPOSPHERE, DATA...
This report provides a compendium of NASA aircraft data that are available from NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment's (GTE) Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics B (PEM-Tropics B) conducted in March and April 1999. PEM-Tropics B was conducted during the southern-tropical wet season when the influence from biomass burning observed in PEM-Tropics A was minimal. Major deployment sites were Hawaii, Kiritimati (Christmas Island), Tahiti, Fiji, and Easter Island. The broad goals of PEM-Tropics B were...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, OXIDATION, TROPOSPHERE, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, DATA...
The new generation of satellite sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will be able to detect and characterize global aerosols with an unprecedented accuracy. The question remains whether this accuracy will be sufficient to narrow the uncertainties in our estimates of aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere. Satellite remote sensing detects aerosol optical thickness with the least amount of relative error when aerosol loading is high. Satellites...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, SMOKE, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION,...
Ozone vertical profile measurements obtained from ozonesondes flown at Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti and the Galapagos are used to characterize ozone in the troposphere over the tropical Pacific. There is a significant seasonal variation at each of these sites. At sites in both the eastern and western Pacific, ozone is highest at almost all levels in the troposphere during the September-November season and lowest during, March-May. There is a relative maximum at all of the sites in the mid-troposphere...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OZONE, TROPOSPHERE, OBSERVATION, ANNUAL VARIATIONS, BIOMASS...
This paper studies the significance of pyrogenic (e.g., biomass burning) emissions in the production of tropospheric ozone in the tropics associated with the forest and savanna fires in the African, South American, and Indonesian regions. Using aerosol index (Al) and tropospheric column ozone (TCO) time series from 1979 to 2000 derived from the Nimbus-7 and Earth Probe TOMS measurements, our study shows significant differences in the seasonal and spatial characteristics of pyrogenic emissions...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, EMISSION, TROPOSPHERE, PHOTOCHEMICAL...
Accurate and comprehensive assessment of the parameters that control key atmospheric and biospheric processes including assessment of anthropogenic effects on climate change is a fundamental measurement objective of NASA's EOS program (King and Greenstone, 1999). Satellite assessment programs and associated global climate models require validation and additional parameterization with frequent reliable ground-based observations. A critical and highly uncertain element of the measurement program...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, GROUND STATIONS, CLIMATOLOGY, CLIMATE CHANGE,...
In recent years, modeling and analysis efforts have suggested that the direct and indirect radiative effects of both anthropogenic and natural aerosols play a major role in the radiative balance of the earth and are an important factor in climate change calculations. The direct effects of aerosols on radiation and indirect effects on cloud properties are not well understood at this time. In order to improve the characterization of aerosols within climate models it is important to accurately...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SIZE DISTRIBUTION, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, AEROSOLS, OPTICAL...
Atmospheric aerosols have a complex internal chemical composition and optical properties. Therefore it is difficult to model their impact on redistribution and absorption of solar radiation, and the consequent impact on atmospheric dynamics and climate. The use in climate models of isolated aerosol parameters retrieved from satellite data (e.g. optical thickness) may result in inconsistent calculations, if the model assumptions differ from these of the satellite retrieval schemes. Here we...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, BIOMASS...
Aerosols, defined as particles and droplets suspended in air, are always present in the atmosphere. They are part of the earth-atmosphere climate system, because they interact with both incoming solar and outgoing terrestrial radiation. They do this directly through scattering and absorption, and indirectly through effects on clouds. Submicrometer aerosols usually predominate in terms of number of particles per unit volume of air. They have dimensions close to the wavelengths of visible light,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, BIOMASS...
Measurements of atmospheric methane from a globally distributed network of air sampling sites indicate that the globally averaged CH4 growth rate increased from an average of 3.9 ppb/yr during 1995-1997 to 12.7 +/- 0.6 ppb in 1998. The global growth rate then decreased to 2.6 +/- 0.6 ppb during 1999, indicating that the large increase in 1998 was an anomaly and not a return to the larger growth rates observed during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The increased growth rate represents an...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIR POLLUTION, AIR SAMPLING, METHANE, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY,...
Our research efforts have addressed theoretical and numerical modeling of sources emissions and transport processes of trace gases and aerosols emitted by biomass burning on the central of Brazil and Amazon basin. For this effort we coupled all Eulerian transport model with the mesoscale atmospheric model RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System).
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA,...
Large urban wildfires throughout southern California have caused billions of dollars of damage and significant loss of life over the last few decades. Rapid urban growth along the wildland interface, high fuel loads and a potential increase in the frequency of large fires due to climatic change suggest that the problem will worsen in the future. Improved fire spread prediction and reduced uncertainty in assessing fire hazard would be significant, both economically and socially. Current problems...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FIRES, CALIFORNIA, CLIMATE CHANGE, BIOMASS BURNING, FORESTS,...
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has reported that in the southeastern US and eastern China, the general greenhouse warming due to anthropogenic gaseous emissions is dominated by the cooling effect of anthropogenic aerosols. To verify this model prediction in eastern China and southeastern US, we analyzed regional patterns of climate changes at 72 stations in eastern China during 1951- 94 (44 years), and at 52 stations in the southeastern US during 1949-94 (46 years) to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), RADIATIVE TRANSFER, AEROSOLS, CLIMATE CHANGE, TEMPERATURE...
The impact of smoke aerosols generated from biomass burning activities in Southeast Asia on the total (direct and indirect) reflected solar radiation from clouds was investigated using satellite data. Narrowband measurements from UV to near-infrared wavelengths (from SeaWiFS and TOMS) were combined with broadband radiation measurements (from CERES). Using this information, we quantified how smoke aerosols change the cloud forcing spectrally and as a whole in the Southeast Asia region. In this...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, BIOMASS BURNING, OPTICAL THICKNESS, REFLECTANCE,...
The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) is an international science project investigating the southern African earth-atmosphere-human system. The experiment was conducted over a two-year period March 1999 - March 2001. The dry season field campaign (August-Steptember 2000) was the most intensive activity and involving over 200 scientists from 18 different nations. The main objectives of this campaign were to characterize and quantify the biogenic, pyrogenic and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, TRACE CONTAMINANTS, POLLUTION TRANSPORT,...
This study evaluates the spatial distributions and seasonal cycles in upper tropospheric ozone (pressure range 200-500 hPa) from low to high latitudes (60S to 60N) derived from the satellite retrieval method called "Cloud Slicing." Cloud Slicing is a unique technique for determining ozone profile information in the troposphere by combining co-located measurements of cloud-top, pressure and above-cloud column ozone. For upper tropospheric ozone, co-located measurements of Nimbus 7...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TROPOSPHERE, OZONE, NIMBUS 7 SATELLITE, TOTAL OZONE MAPPING...
The functional grouping hypothesis, which suggests that complexity in function can be simplified by grouping species with similar responses, was tested in the Florida scrub habitat. Functional groups were identified based on how species in fire maintained FL scrub function in terms of carbon, water and nitrogen dynamics. The suite of physiologic parameters measured to determine function included both instantaneous gas exchange measurements obtained from photosynthetic light response curves and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, LEAVES, PLANTS (BOTANY), CLUSTER ANALYSIS,...
Accurate quantification of the amounts of trace gases and particulate matter emitted from vegetation fires and other sources of biomass burning (agricultural waste and biofuels) on a regional and global basis is required by a number of users, including scientists studying a wide range of atmospheric processes, national governments who are required to report greenhouse gas emissions, and those interested in quantifying the sources of air pollution that affect human health at regional scales....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, EXHAUST EMISSION, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY,...
We propose a scheme to model the absorbing aerosol index and improve the biomass carbon inventories by optimizing the difference between TOMS aerosol index (AI) and modeled AI with an inverse model. Two absorbing aerosol types are considered, including biomass carbon and mineral dust. A priori biomass carbon source was generated by Liousse et al [1996]. Mineral dust emission is parameterized according to surface wind and soil moisture using the method developed by Ginoux [2000]. In this initial...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, BIOMASS BURNING, WIND (METEOROLOGY), OPTIMIZATION,...
We present an analysis of 2.5 years of weekly ozone soundings conducted at a new monitoring station in Paramaribo, Surinam (6 deg N,55 deg W). This is currently one of only three ozone sounding stations in the northern hemisphere (NH) tropics, and the only one in the equatorial Atlantic region. Paramaribo is part of the Southern Hemisphere ADditional Ozone Sounding program (SHADOZ). Due to its position close to the equator, the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) passes over Paramaribo twice...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OZONE, SATELLITE OBSERVATION, REMOTE SENSING, TRANSPORT...
As part of the TRACE-P mission, ozone vertical profile measurements were made at a number of locations in the North Pacific. At most of the sites there is also a multi-year record of ozonesonde observations. From seven locations in the western Pacific (Hong Kong; Taipei; Jeju Island, Korea; and Naha, Kagoshima, Tsukuba, and Sapporo, Japan), a site in the central Pacific (Hilo, HI), and a site on the west coast of the U.S. (Trinidad Head, CA) both a seasonal and event specific picture of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, OZONOMETRY, TROPOSPHERE, PACIFIC OCEAN,...
The horizontal and vertical transport of biomass fire emissions in West Africa during November 1998 through February 1999, are examined using all available data including wind, fire, aerosol, precipitation, lightning and outgoing longwave radiation. Ozonesonde data from the Aerosols99 Trans-Atlantic cruise are also included with rain and wind analyses. The results here support earlier studies that ozone and ozone precursors associated with biomass burning are confined to the lower troposphere...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OZONE, TROPICAL REGIONS, WINTER, NORTHERN HEMISPHERE,...
Pollution is often considered a localized phenomenon, but it is now clear that it travels from region-to-region, country to country, and even continent to continent. In addition to urban pollution in developed countries, large emissions from developing nations and large-scale biomass fires add to the global pollution burden. Ozone and aerosols are two components of pollution that contribute to radiative forcing of the earth s climate. In turn, as climate changes, rates of chemical and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GLOBAL AIR POLLUTION, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, CLIMATOLOGY,...
Researchers have been looking at the connection between tropical biomass burning and ozone formation and long-range transport for roughly 15 years. One can see the linkage and transport patterns from satellite though aircraft and/or balloon-sonde profiles are required to observe the fine structure (ozone transport over thousands of km often happens in thin layers). In this review, I survey the pyrogenic ozone transport in the large oceanic basins - Indian Ocean, Pacific and Atlantic....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OZONE, OCEAN SURFACE, BIOMASS BURNING, TOTAL OZONE MAPPING...
We use measurements and models to develop aerosol models for use in the inversion algorithms for the Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Imager Pathfinder Spaceborne Observations (CALIPSO). Radiance measurements and inversions of the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET1, 2) are used to group global atmospheric aerosols using optical and microphysical parameters. This study uses more than 105 records of radiance measurements, aerosol size distributions, and complex refractive indices to generate the optical...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ALGORITHMS, ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, OPTICAL RADAR,...
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean constitutes one of the largest pools of organic carbon in the biosphere, yet much of its composition is uncharacterized. Observations of black carbon (BC) particles (by-products of fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning) in the atmosphere, ice, rivers, soils and marine sediments suggest that this material is ubiquitous, yet the contribution of BC to the ocean s DOM pool remains unknown. Analysis of high-molecular-weight DOM isolated from surface...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON, MOLECULAR WEIGHT, DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER, FUEL...
Tropospheric column ozone (TCO) is derived from differential measurements of total column ozone from Nimus-7 and Earth Probe TOMS, and stratospheric column ozone from the Microwave Limb Sounder instrument on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite. It is shown that TCO during summer months over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at northern mid-latitudes is about the same (50-60 Dobson Units) as over the continents of North America, Europe and Asia, where surface emissions of nitrogen oxides from...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OZONE, UPPER ATMOSPHERE, TROPOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC...
This is a Workshop Report prepared for Eos, the weekly AGU magazine, The workshop took place between 26-28 January 2004 at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban, South Africa and was attended by 26 participants (http//www.geography.und.ac.za). Considerable progress has been made in ozone observations except for northern Africa (large data gaps) and west Africa (to be covered by the French-sponsored AMMA program). The present-day ozone findings were evaluated and reviewed by speakers using...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AFRICA, TROPOSPHERE, OZONE, BIOMASS BURNING, CONTAMINANTS,...
We propose a new methodology to characterize errors in the representation of transport processes in chemical transport models. We constrain the evaluation of a global three-dimensional chemical transport model (GEOS-CHEM) with an extended dataset of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations obtained during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft campaign. The TRACEP mission took place over the western Pacific, a region frequently impacted by continental outflow...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TROPOSPHERE, THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS, CHARACTERIZATION,...
Our analysis of the TRACE-P data focused on answering the following questions: 1) How do anthropogenic sources in Asia contribute to chemical outflow over the western Pacific in spring? 2) How does biomass burning in southeast Asia contribute to this outflow? 3) How can the TRACE-P observations be used to better quantify the sources of environmentally important gases in eastern Asia? Our strategy drew on a combination of data analysis and global 3-D modeling, as described below. We also...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, ASIA, THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS, EMISSION,...
We interpret the distribution of tropical tropospheric ozone columns (TTOCs) from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) by using a global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-CHEM) and additional information from in situ observations. The GEOS-CHEM TTOCs capture 44% of the variance of monthly mean TOMS TTOCs from the convective cloud differential method (CCD) with no global bias. Major discrepancies are found over northern Africa and south Asia where the TOMS TTOCs do...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS, TOTAL OZONE...
The extent of biomass burning has increased significantly over the past 100 years because of human activities, and such burning is much more frequent and widespread than was previously believed. Biomass burning is now recognized as a significant global source of emissions, contributing as much as 40% of gross carbon dioxide and 38% of tropospheric ozone. Most of the world's burned biomass matter is from the savannas, and because two-thirds of the Earth's savannas are located in Africa, that...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOMASS BURNING, AIR POLLUTION, GRASSLANDS, CLIMATE CHANGE,...
