This questionnaire survey of the interracial attitudes of a representative sample of 638 black youths in Washington, D. C. in 1968 replicates a similar one done in 1966, and compares 1968 patterns with 1966 patterns. In addition it concerns itself with identification, political views, vocational aspirations and expectations. The basic findings are that willingness for personal associations with whites decreased slightly between 1966 and 1968, but remained on the positive side of the scale....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Students, Black Youth, Dropouts, Political Attitudes,...
An extensive survey was conducted in 1965 by a team of white and Negro interviewers in an application of ecological theory to a study of the support relationship between the community and its school system. Findings are based upon interview data from a probability sample of 931 respondents selected from the population of persons 21 years of age and older living within the Detroit standard metropolitan statistical area. The study was conducted in all 94 school districts in the Detroit SMSA,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Community Attitudes, Community Characteristics, Community Support,...
The influx of Caribbean West Indian immigrants into the United States has evoked mixed responses from the Afro American black community. The West Indians' high degree of literacy, sense of community, and high self esteem have developed black leaders who have earned the respect of enlightened Afro Americans through their achievements in education, politics, and black rights activism. On the other hand, there has been a notable hostility in relations between West Indians and Afro Americans in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Activism, Black Attitudes, Black Leadership, Blacks, Cultural Differences, Ethnic...
Volume 2 of the evaluation report of the effects of ESAP comprises 5 working papers resulting from the evaluators' decision to explore the variety of research problems relevant to desegregation and policy making that they met with during the evaluation process. The first two papers deal with race relations in desegregated Southern schools: the first paper treats the students' sense of belonging by looking at both black and white students who say "I really don't belong in this school";...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Black Achievement, Black Attitudes, Bus Transportation,...
This report describes the first Public Policy Seminar, sponsored by the Black Child Development Institute in the summer of 1972. The seminar was designed to provide the opportunity for information-sharing, awareness of federal policy making, and a channel for minorities involved in child development at the community level to exert pressure and provide input in decision-making at the national level. The representatives of organizations involved in community-based, community-controlled black...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Community, Black Organizations, Community Influence, Early...
In this speech, a black, former principal describes the unique problems facing black school administrators. The author states that his most important task was to establish and maintain credibility in the profession and in the community. He discusses (1) his relations with the staff, (2) his relations with students, (3) his role in school community relations, and (4) his role as an educational leader. He notes that his challenge was to pull the essential elements of the educational program...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Problems, Black Attitudes, Black Influences, Black Leadership, Blacks,...
This colloquim report contains papers submitted to the Child Development Associate (CDA) Consortium by a panel of 12 black educators who represented different disciplines and differing black perspectives. Panelists discussed the education of preschool teachers with specific reference to competency areas, training programs for preschool staff, assessment and credentialing procedures. The report gives a brief outline of proceedings of the black colloquy participant reactions and recommendations,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Community, Black Studies, Black Youth, Child Language,...
By examining the attitudes and perceptions of 1625 fifth grade students in North Carolina, this study tested the hypothesis that the way teachers treat their students can have an effect on their political attitudes. It was found that when teachers treat students fairly and show interest in their ideas and problems, students are less politically cynical. This effect is stronger for white children than for black children, although it exists for the latter. It was also found that black children...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Students, Childhood Attitudes, Classroom Environment,...
This paper begins by reviewing the literature on social perceptions and attitudes in terms of the black self-concept. Issues discussed here are culture conditioning and marginality, self-concept, social perception and attitudes, interrelationships between attitudes and perceptions, and the influence of cultural values and beliefs. Problems and attitudes that blacks might bring to the counseling session are dealt with next, followed by a discussion of the philosophical base or rationale for the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Youth, Counseling Effectiveness, Counseling Objectives,...
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Topics: Students, Black -- Attitudes, United States, African American students -- Attitudes, African...
PRESENTED ARE TWO SEPARATE ARTICLES, ONE CRITICIZING AND THE OTHER DEFENDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FREEDOM OF CHOICE SCHOOL DESEGREGATION PLAN IN THE SOUTH. ACCORDING TO THIS PLAN, PUPILS (OR THEIR PARENTS) MAY CHOOSE THE SCHOOLS THEY WISH TO ATTEND WITHIN A GIVEN DISTRICT. IN THE ARTICLE AGAINST THE PLAN, IT IS ARGUED THAT PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL RESTRAINTS MAKE THE SOUTHERN NEGRO'S "FREEDOM" THE FREEDOM TO RISK SOCIAL ISOLATION AND ACADEMIC FAILURE AND THE FREEDOM TO BE DENIED...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Students, Civil Rights Legislation, Democratic Values,...
This study examined comments from a qualitative study regarding African American students' level of adjustment at predominantly white institutions. A phenomenological approach and ethno-methodology provided the framework to focus on what African American students experience and how they interpret their experiences in what they perceive as a hostile environment. Eighteen black students were interviewed between October 1991 and July 1993. Also interviewed were four administrators who worked with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Administrators, Black Attitudes, Black Students, College...
In an effort to counteract negative feelings toward the police on the part of inner-city children, this project sponsored field trips to police stations for elementary school children in Philadelphia. Improved relations between the police and the community, increased knowledge of the policeman's role, and familiarity with vocational opportunities within the police department were the objectives of this project. Sixty grade 6 students were randomly selected from two South Philadelphia elementary...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Black Attitudes, Disadvantaged Youth, Elementary School Students,...
This paper investigates the isolation of the local black community within the social/cultural perspective. A profile of the community is given in terms of data collected from personal and family interviews. Personal interviews assessed how the Appalachian black viewed his group. Among the 13 variables studied are: trustworthiness, religion, work ethic, intragroup cooperation, discrimination, drinking problems, and educational values. The family interviews inquire as to the religion, education,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Community, Black Culture, Black Influences, Community...
This issue of "Inequality in Education" comprises articles sampling perspectives of some attempts being made within the public school framework to gain a greater say in how and what children learn. The discussions are concentrated on efforts for (1) community control of Schools; (2) decentralization of school administration; and, (3) existing and potential voucher systems for public schools. In relation to community control, an overview of the development of parent and community...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Black Attitudes, Black Youth, Community Control, Decentralization,...
This document contains the National Urban League's second annual "State of Black America", report which describes the condition of black citizens during the year 1976. The report examines developments in eleven major areas of life: the economy, employment, education, housing, health, social welfare, youth, crime, legislation, political involvement, and foreign policy. It also includes, for the first time, the results of a survey of Urban League affiliates from 107 cities across the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Achievement, Black Attitudes, Black Education, Black Employment, Black...
An analysis of the participation of Southern black college students in the civil rights movement is presented. Data analyses are carried out to determine possible relationships between varying patterns of relative deprivation (as measured by Cantril's Self-Anchoring Striving Scale) and passive, active or combative types of participation. The findings show that not all patterns of relative deprivation are associated with participation. For example, aspirational deprivation (defined as a gap...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Activism, Black Attitudes, Black Power, Black Students, Civil Rights, College...
Designed to invite the senior and junior high school student to investigate the immediate and underlying causes of riots and what can be done to prevent them, the student manual of this unit begins with a description of the Watts riots of 1965. The student is encouraged to draw his own conclusions, and to determine the feasibility of a variety of proposed solutions to this problem after consideration of the evidence drawn from a variety of sources, including novels. Ultimately, the student...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Activism, Black Attitudes, Civil Disobedience, Community Problems, Demonstrations...
Drawing upon his experience as a white man who "changed his pigmentation" and lived the life of a black man, the author attempts "to put you in another man's mind" and apply his experience to today's events. In addition, he seeks to show that there is a wide gap between intellectual acceptance of equality and real emotional acceptance. This gap perpetuates what he calls "the system" and explains in part the increased militancy of the black man in America today....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Community, Communication Problems, Culture Conflict, Equal...
Black student alienation in liberal arts colleges is discussed. A study was conducted of eight four-year liberal arts colleges in the Midwest. Respondents included 267 black students, nearly 60% of all black students enrolled. A standard alienation scale measured feelings of powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, cultural estrangement, social estrangement, and estrangement from work. Results showed a high degree of normlessness contrasted with low overall powerlessness. This suggests...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Studies, Blacks, College Desegregation, College Environment,...
National surveys of the post-high school plans and aspirations of black and white high school seniors have been conducted for the past decade. Chances of college entry among blacks from 1977 through the mid-1980s have declined in contrast to the increasing college entry chances of whites. This paper analyses the plans of black and white seniors and shows that they have followed a similar path. There is little evidence that a change in values or motivation among black seniors accounts for the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Aspiration, Black Attitudes, Black Students, Declining Enrollment,...
This document contains transcribed interviews with seven black high school students made in spring and summer 1969 as part of a larger study of an educational community organization program. They are presented here because it is felt the feelings and attitudes expressed are often overlooked as various groups of adults attempt to resolve issues of educational policy. The students are encouraged to discuss their feelings about the school they attend including such things as its problems and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Students, Desegregation Effects, High School Students, Racial...
Based on a June 1970 survey of 259 black homemakers (women between 18 and 65 having children in the household) in 2 villages and 1 town of an East Texas county (75% rural, disproportionately high rate of low-income families relative to Texas as a whole, 25% black, and pervaded by traditional southern culture), this paper presents 4 general conclusions: blacks perceive a high degree of racial prejudice among their white counterparts; blacks tend to be relatively positive about the possibility...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Mothers, Black Stereotypes, Comparative Analysis,...
Results of an attitude survey of 39 selected Black community leaders in South Carolina toward South Carolina's Basic Skills Assessment Program (BSAP) and the Cognitive Skills Assessment Battery (CSAB) are presented. Of the 39 returned questionnaires, 10 were from public school educators, 7 were from school board members, and 13 were from officers of local NAACP branches. The respondents had a fairly good understanding of the name of the test, when it was administered, and its purpose. However,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Basic Skills, Black Attitudes, Black Leadership, Cutting Scores,...
This is the report of a 1970 followup (to a similar one conducted in 1968) study, the purposes of which were to: (1) determine whether or how the attitudes of Kansas City respondents resembled or differed from attitudes of black youth in other parts of the United States, and (2) determine whether or how much change had occurred in the attitudes of Kansas City youth in a two-year period. Despite problems, data was collected in five cities in various parts of the United States. Major...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Activism, Black Attitudes, Black Community, Black Institutions, Black Leadership,...
The purpose of the investigation was to determine the differential vocational interest patterns of black college women when compared with two groups of white college women; one white group's mean age was 20, while the second group was women enrolled in college after several years of work or raising a family. The total sample of 294 university students was administered the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) for Women. Using the significant mean score difference and percentage comparison...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Culture, Black Students, Blacks, Career Development, College...
The present study investigated three major hypotheses: (1) that black respondents' judgments of black targets would show greater uniformity than their judgments of white targets; (2) that, contrary to trends in white samples, black males would be perceived less positively than black females; and (3) that self-ratings for black males would be less positive than those for black females. The questionnaire was administered to 48 black male and 72 black female seniors at a predominantly black...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Black Attitudes, Black Community, Black Students, Black Youth, Females,...
Attitudes of black counselees toward white counselors were investigated using Rosen's Consequence Model Questionnaire (an adaptation of Edward's decision making paridigm of subjective probability-utility) and Gurin's modification of Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Pre-measures revealed an overall favorable attitude toward white counselors before the counseling experience. Post-attitude measures revealed a significant (P less than .01) attitude of black counselees assigned to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affiliation Need, Black Attitudes, Counseling Effectiveness, Counselors, Interaction,...
This is a report on a four and one-half year study of adolescent health, based on data collected through personal interviews with and medical examinations of 752 youth, 12-17 years of age, in a representative cross section of households in Harlem. Almost all were black and this report focuses on them alone. On the assumption that many health needs among adolescents in Harlem are not being met, and that innovations in providing care will be required to meet those needs, the three major...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Black Attitudes, Black Youth, Community Surveys, Dental Health, Drug...
The importance of selected social integration variables in the persistence of Black male students on the campuses of Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) is investigated. This review attempts to develop a method for generally classifying the wide variety of research that investigates the persistence of Black male students attending PWIs. It has been purposely narrowed towards exploring the relationships between the culturally unique interaction styles of Black students in general, and Black...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Academic Persistence, Adjustment (to Environment),...
This study investigated some characteristics of intonation patterns in the English spoken by black adolescents in Seattle, Washington. It was hypothesized that if intonation is central to communicating attitude, and if Black English intonation differs systematically from that of Standard English, communication between blacks and whites may be difficult. The study used tape recordings of black adolescents in an excited, informal discussion, white adolescents (WE) in an informal discussion, and a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Culture, Blacks, Intonation, Language Patterns, Linguistics,...
This paper addresses the issue of affirmative action and emphasizes the positive aspects of the ongoing battle for racial justice. It is argued that despite pessimism, opposition, distortions, and continuing discrimination against blacks, civil rights enforcement continues to make significant progress. It is also pointed out that those individuals who criticize efforts by the Federal government and the courts to provide equal opportunities for blacks in education and other areas, fail to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affirmative Action, Black Achievement, Black Attitudes, Blacks, Civil Rights, Court...
The morbidity and mortality rates for cancer are higher for blacks than for whites. The following three contending theories offer possible explanations for these rates: (1) the histology types among cancers of the same site are distributed differently for blacks and whites; (2) there is increased susceptibility in lower social classes, of which many blacks are members; and (3) early detection of cancer is less frequent among minority populations. The latter explanation shows the necessity for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Blacks, Cancer, Health Education, Health Needs, High Risk Persons,...
Presenting highlights of several projects, this paper reports on research which assessed the total reaction of a community to a busing program. The program is analyzed as an educational innovation rather than as a school integration method. The plan involved transporting volunteer Negro children in overcrowded schools to white underutilized schools. It is concluded that sensitivity is needed in each busing situation, which should be preceded by much planning and "in-house" education....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Black Attitudes, Black Students, Bus Transportation,...
This study surveys African Americans to assess perceptions of and life experiences with the issue of skin tone. Thirty-seven African American adults agreed to complete a survey packet and participate in a semi-structured focus group discussion. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, the Skin Color Assessment Procedure and Skin Color Questionnaire,and a demographic sheet. The findings appear to indicate that African Americans are indeed...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Aesthetic Values, Black Attitudes, Blacks, Educational Background, Ethnic Bias,...
This study examines the relationship between locus of control and subsequent unemployment experience for a national probability sample of teenagers. Using multiple regression analysis to control for a variety of individual differences, the influence of "internal-external" attitudes held as a teenager on subsequent unemployment experience in the adult labor market is determined. The internal attitude is defined as viewing personal success or failure as dependent on one's own behavior....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Black Attitudes, Black Employment, Black Youth, Employee Attitudes,...
A select group of papers from the Community Clinical Psychology project conferences and task forces is presented in this document. The articles address questions and issues pertaining to the improvement of mental health and human services delivered by the community to black clients. The first paper overviews the mental health system as it relates to black clients and workers. The next four articles analyze the plight of black family members (children, women, men, and the aged). Transactional...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Community, Blacks, Children, Family (Sociological Unit),...
Molefi K. Asante's Afrocentric methodology was used in analysing the rhetoric of Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm, writer Toni Morrison, and sociologist Robert Staples on the women's movement. Three conclusions were drawn from this analysis: (1) that the three rhetors noted more differences than similarities between black and white females; (2) that they had varying opinions on whether black females should join with white females in the women's movement; and (3) that they disagreed on whether the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Afrocentrism, Authors, Black Attitudes, Blacks, Communication Research, Comparative...
The second annual supplement to the bibliography series on human relations in the classroom covers the calendar year 1972 for items announced inRIE and also for journal articles cited. All of the published books and reports and unpublished documents listed are accompanied by ED numbers; their availability is clarified by a separate availability statement in one of the introductory pages of the bibliography. Journal articles mentioned are cited as not being available from the ERIC system but as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Activism, Annotated Bibliographies, Attitude Change, Black Attitudes, Black Studies,...
In recent years researchers have developed strategies to understand or promote ethnic identity in African-American youth. This paper discusses six studies or interventions which explored ethnic identity among African-American youth. These interventions were designed to produce positive changes in areas such as ethnic identity, academic achievement, life skills and social competencies, cultural awareness, career exploration and social bonding. Participants ranged in age from 9 to 16 years of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Black Attitudes, Black Students, Black Youth, Blacks, Cultural...
The most devastating effects of teenage pregnancy are felt among African Americans because of the disproportionate number of adolescent unmarried females in this community who get pregnant and give birth each year. Aspects of this problem are discussed as they relate to the African-American community. Historical antecedents of the problem are traced, including the trend towards reduced services for teen parents. Studies have suggested that parental involvement in the lives of their teenagers is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Black Attitudes, Blacks, Conservatism, Early Parenthood, Family...
The Negro male college student's social class, achievement motivations, affiliation motivations (the desire for approval of others), and power motivations (the desire to control the behavior of others) all affect to some degree his choice of a traditionally open occupation (physician, lawyer, dentist, minister, social worker, teacher) or an occupation traditionally closed to Negroes (nuclear physicist, psychologist, airline pilot, engineer). To test the relationship of each of these factors to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Need, Aspiration, Black Attitudes, Black Employment, Black Students,...
An earlier study (ED 048 772) sought to determine the perceptions of televised violence among pre-teen males from varying racial and socio-economic backgrounds. In this replication of the study teenage boys were used as subjects. The general method of the study was to show the boys a sequence of television vignettes, comprised of violent and nonviolent scenes. The subjects' responses to the scenes as well as their socio-economic and race were determined. The earlier study showed a racial factor...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Aggression, Black Attitudes, Commercial Television, Disadvantaged Youth,...
The author of the paper examines the experience of black women at predominantly white universities who are confronted with problems emanating from sexism and racism in classroom and non-classroom situations and which acquire complexity because of their subtlety and socially reinforced attitudinal origins. The author points to the black females who have grown increasingly dissatisfied with the service professions to which they have historically been admitted and who at the same time have begun...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Influences, Blacks, College Students, Females, Feminism,...
This study examined the personal and professional experiences of African American women before, during, and after earning a graduate degree in education. An initial survey was sent to approximately 110 African American women, with questions on family background, sources of support, and deterrents to graduate study. From this group, a second survey was sent to approximately 50 individuals who had pursued or were pursuing graduate degrees in higher education. Focus groups were also conducted with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Students, Educational Attitudes, Females, Focus Groups,...
While many speculative statements exist to indicate that aspirations of metropolitan Negro youth are high, little empirical evidence exists to document this thesis. This report provides findings from an analysis of the frames of aspirational reference of 281 sophomores from an all-Negro high school located in a low income ward of Houston, Texas. Robert Merton's idea of "frame of aspirational reference" was operationalized to include indicators of goal level for occupation, income,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Aspiration, Black Attitudes, Black Students, Black Youth, Disadvantaged Youth, Goal...
Psychological research on race and ethnic stereotypes and attitudes has been carried out from two points of view -- a social learning view and a psychodynamic view. Neither of these grasp essential components of young children's ethnic attitudes or prejudices, nor do they detail the major developmental factors leading to the growth of tolerance and the decline of prejudice. To explain these features of children's ethnic attitudes, a cognitive-developmental view is elaborated in this paper. This...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Bias, Black Attitudes, Child Psychology, Childhood Attitudes,...
This report discusses the results of a survey of the characteristics and the social and academic experiences of black undergraduates at eight predominantly white and regionally diverse State college campuses. The majority of the students sampled were freshmen. Major findings are that: (1) black undergraduates did not report markedly unpleasant or decidedly pleasant experiences; overall, students reported on the quality of interaction with white faculty, staff, and students as being slightly...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Academic Aspiration, Black Attitudes, Black Students, College...
The study described in this report investigated the effect of the classroom structure and climate of a recently desegregated school on the outgroup friendships and ethnic attitudes of white, black, and Mexican American fourth grade students in Dallas, Texas. A path analysis that charted the interethnic attitudes and attitude changes from fourth to fifth grade found that: (1) the higher the percentage of outgroup members in a class, the more outgroup friends the white and Mexican American...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Black Attitudes, Classroom Desegregation, Desegregation Effects,...
Information about the characteristics of black undergraduate students at the University of Maryland was obtained from the 1968 University Student Census, an activities and attitude inventory administered to all undergraduates registering for nine credit hours or more. The 366 respondents represent a majority (67 percent) of the black undergraduate student body of 554. The sample was comprised of 52 percent male and 48 percent female, and the class breakdown was 43 percent freshmen, 28 percent...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Students, College Students, Higher Education, Institutional...
