Profile of Gardner Cryogenics Corp.
Topics: cryogenic, gardner, cryogenics, helium, liquid, equipment, dewars, hydrogen, designed, plants,...
Gas House Autonomous System Monitoring (GHASM) will employ Integrated System Health Monitoring (ISHM) of cryogenic fluids in the High Pressure Gas Facility at Stennis Space Center. The preliminary focus of development incorporates the passive monitoring and eventual commanding of the Nitrogen System. ISHM offers generic system awareness, adept at using concepts rather than specific error cases. As an enabler for autonomy, ISHM provides capabilities inclusive of anomaly detection, diagnosis, and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SYSTEMS HEALTH MONITORING, GAS ANALYSIS, AEROSPACE...
1. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is developing a mobile launching system with autonomous propellant loading capabilities for liquid-fueled rockets. An autonomous system will be responsible for monitoring and controlling the storage, loading and transferring of cryogenic propellants. The Physics Simulation Software will reproduce the sensor data seen during the delivery of cryogenic fluids including valve positions, pressures, temperatures and flow rates. The simulator will provide insight into the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENICS, CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,...
Cryogenic fluid management is a critical technical area that is needed for future space exploration. A key challenge is the storability of liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid methane (LCH4), and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants for long-duration missions. The storage tanks must be well-insulated to prevent over-pressurization and venting, which can lead to unacceptable propellant losses for long-duration missions to Mars and beyond. Aspen Aerogels had validated the key process step to enable the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MULTILAYER INSULATION, AEROGELS, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, LIQUID...
Cryogenic fluid management is a critical technical area that is needed for future space exploration. A key challenge is the storability of liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid methane (LCH4), and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants for long-duration missions. The storage tanks must be well-insulated to prevent over-pressurization and venting, which can lead to unacceptable propellant losses for long-duration missions to Mars and beyond. Aspen Aerogels had validated the key process step to enable the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROGELS, SPACE EXPLORATION, THERMAL INSULATION, LOW DENSITY...
While at the KSC, I was given the opportunity of assisting the Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office (SSCO) specifically the Propellant Transfer System (PTS) lead by my mentor, Brian Nufer. While waiting to test different components in the PTS, I was able to assist with testing for the Hose Management Assembly (HMA) and was able to work on a simulation in Labview. For the HMA, I was able to help with testing of a coating as well as to help test the durability of the pinch rollers in space. In...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, PROPELLANT TRANSFER, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,...
Valves are used in many domains and often have system-critical functions. As such, it is important to monitor the health of valves and their actuators and predict remaining useful life. In this work, we develop a model-based prognostics approach for a rotary valve actuator. Due to limited observability of the component with multiple failure modes, a lumped damage approach is proposed for estimation and prediction of damage progression. In order to support the goal of real-time prognostics, an...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), REAL TIME OPERATION, CONTROL VALVES, FUEL VALVES, ACTUATORS,...
Using hydrogen boil-off vapor to cool the structure of a flight vehicle cryogenic upper stage can reduce heat loads to the stage and increase the usable propellant in the stage or extend the life of the stage. The hydrogen vapor can be used to absorb incoming heat as it increases in temperature before being vented overboard. In theory, the amount of heat leaking into the hydrogen tank from the structure will be reduced if the structure is cooled using the propellant boil-off vapor. However, the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COOLING SYSTEMS, LIQUID HYDROGEN, VAPORS, COOLING, THERMAL...
The Zero Boil-Off Technology (ZBOT) Experiment involves performing a small scale ISS experiment to study tank pressurization and pressure control in microgravity. The ZBOT experiment consists of a vacuum jacketed test tank filled with an inert fluorocarbon simulant liquid. Heaters and thermo-electric coolers are used in conjunction with an axial jet mixer flow loop to study a range of thermal conditions within the tank. The objective is to provide a high quality database of low gravity fluid...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FUEL TANK PRESSURIZATION, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, COMPUTATIONAL...
Given the wide diversity of cryogenic fluid management technology that had been developed at the research level, there was a need for eCryo to prioritize and focus on a limited subset of the possibilities in order to set a practical scope. As part of the effort to determine that focus, a survey was conducted in May of 2014 to solicit opinions of members of the aerospace industry as to what they considered the most important and beneficial cryogenic technologies to be developed in the near term....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENICS, FLUID MANAGEMENT, AEROSPACE...
CRYOTE3 is a grassroots CFM test effort with contributing government and industry partners focused on developing and testing hardware to produce needed data for model validation and implementation into flight systems.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENICS, CRYOGENIC TANKS, GAS-LIQUID INTERACTIONS, TEST...
Members of the eCryo Team are traveling to France to meet with CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) on the benchmarking of CFM (Cryogenic Fluids Management) analytical models the week of January 26th, 2015. Mike Meyer is representing the Agency and eCryo Project and will conduct a conversation to explore future work. This slide package (28 charts and 3 movies) requires approval via a 1676. ISS data in this chart set has been copied from public websites.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS, CRYOGENIC FLUID STORAGE, FLUID...
NASA is currently investigating methods to reduce the boil-off rate on large cryogenic upper stages. Two such methods to reduce the total heat load on existing upper stages are vapor cooling of the cryogenic tank support structure and integration of thick multilayer insulation systems to the upper stage of a launch vehicle. Previous efforts have flown a 2-layer MLI blanket and shown an improved thermal performance, and other efforts have ground-tested blankets up to 70 layers thick on tanks...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), UPPER STAGE ROCKET ENGINES, SKIRTS, THERMODYNAMICS,...
Two sets of epoxy mixtures, both containing the same ionic liquid (IL) based resin but utilizing two different curing agents, were evaluated after spending more than two years of continual space exposure outside of the International Space Station on the MISSE-8 sample rack. During this period the samples, positioned on nadir side, also experienced some 12,500 thermal cycles between approximately -40?C and +40 C. Initial examination showed some color change, a miniscule weight variance, and no...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EPOXY RESINS, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, SPACEBORNE...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS, EPOXY...
A computational fluid dynamic model was used to simulate the thermal destratification in an upright self-pressurized cryostat approximately half-filled with liquid nitrogen and subjected to forced sinusoidal lateral shaking. A full three-dimensional computational grid was used to model the tank dynamics, fluid flow and thermodynamics using the ANSYS Fluent code. A non-inertial grid was used which required the addition of momentum and energy source terms to account for the inertial forces,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DYNAMIC MODELS, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, LIQUID SLOSHING,...
Experimental and numerical results are presented from a new cryogenic fluid slosh program at the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT). Water and cryogenic liquid nitrogen are used in various ground-based tests with an approximately 30 cm diameter spherical tank to characterize damping, slosh mode frequencies, and slosh forces. The experimental results are compared to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for validation. An analytical model is constructed from prior work for comparison....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LIQUID SLOSHING, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, COMPUTATIONAL FLUID...
Cryogenic propellants such as liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) can dramatically enhance NASAs ability to explore the solar system because of their superior specific impulse (Isp) capability. Although these cryogenic propellants can be challenging to manage and store, they allow significant mass advantages over traditional hypergolic propulsion systems and are therefore technically enabling for many planetary science missions. New cryogenic storage techniques such as subcooling and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS, PROPELLANT STORAGE, CRYOGENIC...
One of the long-term exploration goals of NASA is manned missions to Mars and other deep space robotic exploration. These missions would include sending astronauts along with scientific equipment to the surface of Mars for extended stay and returning the crew, science data and surface samples, and equipment to Earth. In order to achieve this goal, multiple precursor missions are required that would launch the crew, crew habitats, return vehicles and destination systems into space. Some of these...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SPACE EXPLORATION, SPACECRAFT MAINTENANCE, MANNED MARS...
One of the long-term exploration goals of NASA is manned missions to Mars and other deep space robotic exploration. These missions would include sending astronauts along with scientific equipment to the surface of Mars for extended stay and returning the crew, science data and surface samples, and equipment to Earth. In order to achieve this goal, multiple precursor missions are required that would launch the crew, crew habitats, return vehicles and destination systems into space. Some of these...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SPACE EXPLORATION, SPACECRAFT MAINTENANCE, MANNED MARS...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, FLUID MANAGEMENT, NUCLEAR PROPULSION,...
Cryogenic fluid management technology is critical to the success of future nuclear thermal propulsion powered vehicles and long duration missions. This paper discusses current capabilities in key technologies and their development path. The thermal environment, complicated from the radiation escaping a reactor of a nuclear thermal propulsion system, is examined and analysis presented. The technology development path required for maintaining cryogenic propellants in this environment is reviewed....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, FLUID MANAGEMENT, CRYOGENIC ROCKET...
Current reduced-order thermal model for cryogenic propellant tanks is based on correlations built for flat plates collected in the 1950's. The use of these correlations suffers from inaccurate geometry representation; inaccurate gravity orientation; ambiguous length scale; and lack of detailed validation. This study uses first-principles based CFD methodology to compute heat transfer from the tank wall to the cryogenic fluids and extracts and correlates the equivalent heat transfer coefficient...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, EXTRACTION, HEAT TRANSFER...
Current reduced-order thermal model for cryogenic propellant tanks is based on correlations built for flat plates collected in the 1950's. The use of these correlations suffers from: inaccurate geometry representation; inaccurate gravity orientation; ambiguous length scale; and lack of detailed validation. The work presented under this task uses the first-principles based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique to compute heat transfer from tank wall to the cryogenic fluids, and extracts...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS,...
The purpose of this paper is to investigate, facilitate a discussion and determine a path forward for technology development of cryogenic fluid management technology that is necessary for long duration deep space missions utilizing nuclear thermal propulsion systems. There are a number of challenges in managing cryogenic liquids that must be addressed before long durations missions into deep space, such as a trip to Mars can be successful. The leakage rate of hydrogen from pressure vessels,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, FLUID MANAGEMENT, NUCLEAR PROPULSION,...
NASA's future missions may require long-term storage and transfer of cryogenic propellants. The Engineering Development Unit (EDU), a NASA in-house effort supported by both Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Glenn Research Center (GRC), is a Cryogenic Fluid Management (CFM) test article that primarily serves as a manufacturing pathfinder and a risk reduction task for a future CFM payload. The EDU test article, comprises a flight like tank, internal components, insulation, and attachment...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, TEMPERATURE...
A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of a propellant tank pressurization system with the pressurant diffuser intentionally submerged beneath the surface of the liquid. Propellant tanks and pressurization systems are typically designed with the diffuser positioned to apply pressurant gas directly into the tank ullage space when the liquid propellant is settled. Space vehicles, and potentially propellant depots, may need to conduct tank pressurization operations in...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LIQUID HYDROGEN, PROPELLANT TANKS, LIQUID ROCKET PROPELLANTS,...
Technological innovation is the overall focus of NASA's Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. The program invests in the development of innovative concepts and technologies to help NASA's mission directorates address critical research and development needs for agency projects. This report highlights innovative SBIR Phase II projects from 2007-2012 specifically addressing Areas in In-Space Propulsion and Cryogenic Fluids Management which is one of six core competencies at NASA Glenn...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SPACECRAFT PROPULSION, ELECTRIC PROPULSION, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,...
NASA operations for handling cryogens in ground support equipment have not changed substantially in 50 years, despite major technology advances in the field of cryogenics. NASA loses approximately 50% of the hydrogen purchased because of a continuous heat leak into ground and flight vessels, transient chill down of warm cryogenic equipment, liquid bleeds, and vent losses. NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) needs to develop energy-efficient cryogenic ground systems to minimize propellant losses,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LIQUID HYDROGEN, GROUND OPERATIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM, CRYOGENIC...
The timely detection of leaks within cryogenic fuel replenishment systems is of significant importance to operators on account of the safety and economic impacts associated with material loss and operational inefficiencies. Associated loss in control of pressure also effects the stability and ability to control the phase of cryogenic fluids during replenishment operations. Current research dedicated to providing Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) coverage of such cryogenic replenishment...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), REAL TIME OPERATION, MODELS, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, CRYOGENIC...
The assembly of flanges, seals, and pipes are used to carry cryogenic fluid from a storage tank to the vehicle at launch sites. However, after a certain amount of cycles these raised face flanges with glass-filled Teflon gaskets have been found to have torque relaxation and are as a result susceptible to cryogenic fluid leakage if not re-torqued. The intent of this project is to identify alternate combinations of flanges and seals which may improve thermal cycle performance and decrease...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FLANGES, PIPES (TUBES), TEMPERATURE EFFECTS, LEAKAGE,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENICS, FUEL TANK PRESSURIZATION, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,...
A general purpose SINDA/FLUINT (S/F) stratified tank model was created and used to simulate the Ksite1 LH2 liquid self-pressurization tests as well as axial jet mixing within the liquid region of the tank. The S/F model employed the use of stratified layers, i.e. S/F lumps, in the vapor ullage as well as in the liquid region. The model was constructed to analyze a general purpose stratified tank that could incorporate the following features: Multiple or singular lumps in the liquid and vapor...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HEAT TRANSFER, THERMAL ANALYSIS, EVAPORATION, BOUNDARY...
We report the progress in the development of the physics based model for cryogenic chilldown and loading. The chilldown and loading is model as fully separated non-equilibrium two-phase flow of cryogenic fluid thermally coupled to the pipe walls. The solution follow closely nearly-implicit and semi-implicit algorithms developed for autonomous control of thermal-hydraulic systems developed by Idaho National Laboratory. A special attention is paid to the treatment of instabilities. The model is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ALGORITHMS, CRYOGENICS, TWO PHASE FLOW, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS, CRYOGENIC...
This presentation provides an overview of the Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer (CPST) Mission from formulation through Systems Requirements Review and into preparation for Preliminary Design Review. Accomplishments of the technology maturation phase of the project are included. The presentation then summarizes the transition, due to Agency budget constraints, of CPST from a flight project into a ground project titled evolvable Cryogenics (eCryo).
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENIC...
As part of U.S. National Space Policy, NASA is seeking an innovative path for human space exploration, which strengthens the capability to extend human and robotic presence throughout the solar system. NASA is laying the groundwork to enable humans to safely reach multiple potential destinations, including asteroids, Lagrange points, the Moon and Mars. In support of this, NASA is embarking on the Technology Demonstration Mission Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer (TDM CPST) Project to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS, SPACE...
Harsh Environment Protective Housings for Electrical and Fluid Connectors.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ELECTRIC CONNECTORS, HOUSINGS, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, UMBILICAL...
The Universal Propellant Servicing System (UPSS) is a dedicated mobile launcher propellant delivery method that will minimize danger and complexity in order to allow vehicles to be serviced and ultimately launched from a variety of locations previously not seen fit for space launch. The UPPS/G2 project is the development of a model, simulation, and ultimately a working application that will control and monitor the cryogenic fluid delivery to the rocket for testing purposes. To accomplish this,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SPACECRAFT LAUNCHING, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, AUTOMATIC CONTROL,...
In support of its goal to find an innovative path for human space exploration, NASA embarked on the Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer (CPST) Project, a Technology Demonstration Mission (TDM) to test and validate key cryogenic capabilities and technologies required for future exploration elements, opening up the architecture for large in-space cryogenic propulsion stages and propellant depots. Recognizing that key Cryogenic Fluid Management (CFM) technologies anticipated for on-orbit...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PROPELLANTS, FLUID MANAGEMENT, PROPELLANT STORAGE, CRYOGENIC...
The Soldier-Warfighter Operationally Responsive Deployer for Space (SWORDS) rocket is a dedicated small satellite launcher that will minimize danger and complexity in order to allow soldiers in the field to put payloads of up to 25kg into orbit from the field. The SWORDSG2 project is the development of a model, simulation, and ultimately a working application that will control and monitor the cryogenic fluid delivery to the SWORDS rocket for testing purposes. To accomplish this, the project is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ROCKET LAUNCHERS, SMALL SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY, CRYOGENIC...
An intelligent autonomous control capability has been developed and is currently being validated in ground cryogenic fluid management operations. The capability embodies a physical architecture consistent with typical launch infrastructure and control systems, augmented by a higher level autonomous control (AC) system enabled to make knowledge-based decisions. The AC system is supported by an integrated system health management (ISHM) capability that detects anomalies, diagnoses causes,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GROUND OPERATIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM, AUTOMATIC CONTROL,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PROPELLANT STORAGE, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, STORABLE PROPELLANTS,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GROUND TESTS, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, STORAGE TANKS, FUEL TANK...
The Zero-Boil-Off Tank (ZBOT) Experiment is a small-scale experiment that uses a transparent ventless Dewar and a transparent simulant phase-change fluid to study sealed tank pressurization and pressure control with applications to on-surface and in-orbit storage of propellant cryogens. The experiment will be carried out under microgravity conditions aboard the International Space Station in the 2014 timeframe. This paper presents preliminary results from ZBOT's ground-based research that...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, FUEL TANK PRESSURIZATION, FUEL TANKS,...
To enable cryogenic propellant depots, the Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer (CPST) project has developed a plan to raise the TRL of numerous CFM technologies.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MICROGRAVITY, SPACE EXPLORATION, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENIC...
This paper presents experimental design and test results of the recently concluded 1-g inverted vertical outflow testing of two 325x2300 full scale liquid acquisition device (LAD) channels in liquid hydrogen (LH2). One of the channels had a perforated plate and internal cooling from a thermodynamic vent system (TVS) to enhance performance. The LADs were mounted in a tank to simulate 1-g outflow over a wide range of LH2 temperatures (20.3 - 24.2 K), pressures (100 - 350 kPa), and flow rates...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EXPERIMENT DESIGN, FLOW VELOCITY, LIQUID ROCKET PROPELLANTS,...
Simulations serve as important tools throughout the design and operation of engineering systems. In the context of sys-tems health management, simulations serve many uses. For one, the underlying physical models can be used by model-based health management tools to develop diagnostic and prognostic models. These simulations should incorporate both nominal and faulty behavior with the ability to inject various faults into the system. Such simulations can there-fore be used for operator training,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, SYSTEMS INTEGRATION, SYSTEMS HEALTH...
The Advanced Concepts Office at NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a high-level analysis of various air launch vehicle configurations, objectively determining maximum launch vehicle payload while considering carrier aircraft capabilities and given dimensional constraints. With the renewed interest in aerial launch of low-earth orbit payloads, referenced by programs such as Stratolaunch and Spaceship2, there existed a need to qualify the boundaries of the trade space,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LAUNCH VEHICLE CONFIGURATIONS, AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, AIR...
Energy efficient storage, transfer and use of cryogens and cryogenic propellants on Earth and in space have a direct impact on NASA, government and commercial programs. Research and development on thermal insulation, propellant servicing, cryogenic components, material properties and sensing technologies provides industry, government and research institutions with the cross-cutting technologies to manage low-temperature applications. Under the direction of the Cryogenic Testing Lab at Kennedy...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DESIGN ANALYSIS, THERMAL INSULATION, DETECTION, CRYOGENIC...
