180
180
Jul 6, 2010
07/10
by
ALBIN, M.; FEOLA, M
texts
eye 180
favorite 0
comment 0
DOUBLE FLOW TURBOJET PROPULSION IS DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF SECONDARY FLOW CAPACITY. THE TWO MOST CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF THIS PROCESS ARE THE RATIOS OF COMPRESSION AND BYPASS OF THE FAN. STUDIES ARE PRESENTED WHICH SHOW THAT AS THE BYPASS RATIO IMPROVES GLOBAL THERMOPROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY IT SIMULATANEOUSLY LOWERS THE SPECIFIC THRUST. THUS, IN ORDER TO ATTAIN THE NECESSARY THRUST, A CONSIDERABLE INCREASE IN THE DIMENSIONS OF THE SECONDARY FLOW (FAN) IS REQUIRED. IT IS FOUND TO BE POSSIBLE, BY...
Topics: AUXILIARY PROPULSION, LIQUEFIED GASES, SPECIFIC IMPULSE, COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,...
179
179
Jul 21, 2010
07/10
by
Ake, T. B
texts
eye 179
favorite 0
comment 0
The major characteristics in the ultraviolet of the 1982-84 eclipse of Eps Aur as observed with IUE by various workers are summarized. This star can be observed over the entire IUE wavelength range, from 1200 to 3200 A, in low dispersion, allowing eclipse light curves to be obtained in broadband regions, but due to its steep spectral gradient and the sensitivities of IUE cameras, high resolution exposures adequately cover only the regions from 1700-1900 and 2400-3200 A. In many ways, the UV...
Topics: CONFERENCES, CRYOGENICS, ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT, INFRARED DETECTORS, MAGNETS, COOLERS, CRYOGENIC...
208
208
Jun 2, 2011
06/11
by
Betchov, R.; Welling, W
texts
eye 208
favorite 0
comment 0
We compare here the results of some experiences with the formulas established in our preceding report 'Nonlinear Theory of a Hot-Wire Anemometer.' We shall show that the nonlinear term plays a role as important as the thermal conduction in the calculation of the thermal inertia of the hot wire.
Topics: CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, FLOW VELOCITY, CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE, HEAT TRANSFER, CRYOGENIC EQUIPMENT
245
245
Jun 21, 2010
06/10
by
Burylev, B. P
texts
eye 245
favorite 0
comment 0
Calculating thermochemical and thermodynamic properties of nickel and cobalt alloys
Topics: ACOUSTIC VELOCITY, OXYGEN, PRESSURE EFFECTS, TEMPERATURE EFFECTS, THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM, BINARY...
204
204
Jul 23, 2010
07/10
by
Butler, Ricky W.; White, Allan L
texts
eye 204
favorite 0
comment 0
The SURE program is a new reliability analysis tool for ultrareliable computer system architectures. The computational methods on which the program is based provide an efficient means for computing accurate upper and lower bounds for the death state probabilities of a large class of semi-Markov models. Once a semi-Markov model is described using a simple input language, the SURE program automatically computes the upper and lower bounds on the probability of system failure. A parameter of the...
Topics: CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENICS, FLUID MANAGEMENT, SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS, DELTA LAUNCH VEHICLE,...
345
345
Sep 20, 2010
09/10
by
Choi, Sung R.; Chulya, Abhisak; Salem, Jonathan A
texts
eye 345
favorite 0
comment 0
The single-edge-precracked-beam (SEPB) method involves creation of a straight-through crack from an indentation crack. The straight-through crack is developed by applying a controlled bending load to a specimen via a precracking fixture. The fixture induces the following sequence: (1) stable growth of the indentation crack; (2) pop-in; and finally, (3) arrest-thereby forming a straight-through precrack. The effects of indentation load on precracking load as well as precrack size were studied...
Topics: CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, SUPERFLUIDITY, TELEMETRY, EXPERT SYSTEMS, KNOWLEDGE BASES (ARTIFICIAL...
229
229
May 31, 2011
05/11
by
Chou, Mong-Dah; Chan, Pui-King; Wang, Menghu
texts
eye 229
favorite 0
comment 0
To understand climatic implications of aerosols over global oceans, the aerosol optical properties retrieved from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) are analyzed, and the effects of the aerosols on the Earth's radiation budgets (aerosol radiative forcing, ARF) are computed using a radiative transfer model. It is found that the distribution of the SeaWiFS-retrieved aerosol optical thickness is distinctively zonal. The maximum in the equatorial region coincides with the...
Topics: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, CRYOGENICS, SPACE EXPLORATION, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, LIQUID OXYGEN, LIQUID...
513
513
May 6, 2010
05/10
by
Cushing, V.; Edmunds, G.; Reily, D
texts
eye 513
favorite 0
comment 1
Electromagnetic induction flow meter for liquid hydrogen
favoritefavoritefavoritefavoritefavorite ( 1 reviews )
Topics: CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, ELECTROMAGNETISM, FLOWMETERS, LIQUID HYDROGEN, MAGNETIC INDUCTION, FLOW METER,...
271
271
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Dickson, C. R.; Gould, R. K.; Felder, W
texts
eye 271
favorite 0
comment 0
High temperature reactions of silicon halides with alkali metals for the production of solar grade silicon are described. Product separation and collection processes were evaluated, measure heat release parameters for scaling purposes and effects of reactants and/or products on materials of reactor construction were determined, and preliminary engineering and economic analysis of a scaled up process were made. The feasibility of the basic process to make and collect silicon was demonstrated....
Topics: CRYOGENIC EQUIPMENT, DIAPHRAGMS (MECHANICS), INFRARED TELESCOPES, LIQUID HELIUM, SPACELAB,...
187
187
Jul 23, 2010
07/10
by
Dotson, Kelly J
texts
eye 187
favorite 0
comment 0
This paper presents parameter regions in the CARE 3 (Computer-Aided Reliability Estimation version 3) computer program where the program overestimates the reliability of a modeled system without warning the user. Five simple models of fault-tolerant computer systems are analyzed; and, the parameter regions where reliability is overestimated are given. The source of the error in the reliability estimates for models which incorporate transient fault occurrences was not readily apparent. However,...
Topics: CRYOGENIC EQUIPMENT, INTERFACES, MASS TRANSFER, PROJECT PLANNING, REQUIREMENTS, VENTILATION,...
274
274
Jul 21, 2010
07/10
by
Fields, J. M
texts
eye 274
favorite 0
comment 0
Data from a nationally representative survey of time use was analyzed to provide estimates of the percentage of the population which is engaged in noise sensitive activities during each hour of the day on weekdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. Estimates are provided of the percentage engaged in aural communication activities at home, sleeping at home, or simply at home. The day can be roughly divided into four noise sensitivity periods consisting of two relatively steady state periods, night...
Topics: CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, MIXING, PROPELLANT TESTS, PULSE DURATION, SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, THRUST...
331
331
Sep 20, 2010
09/10
by
Hansen, Vicki L.; Keep, Myra; Herrick, Robert R.; Phillips, Roger J
texts
eye 331
favorite 0
comment 0
Eastern Aphrodite Terra is approximately equal in size to the western North American Cordillera, from Mexico to Alaska. Its size and unique landforms make it an important area for understanding the tectonics of Venus, yet models for its formation are diametrically opposed. This region is part of the Equatorial Highlands, which was proposed as a region of lithospheric thinning, isostatic uplift, and attendant volcanism. Eastern Aphrodite Terra is dominated by circular structures within which...
Topics: CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, DROPS (LIQUIDS), GAS ATOMIZATION, HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS, DROP SIZE, FUEL...
283
283
Jul 11, 2010
07/10
by
Hill, D. C.; Morris, S. J., Jr
texts
eye 283
favorite 0
comment 0
A report on the computer routine INTERP3 is presented. The routine is designed to linearly interpolate a variable which is a function of three independent variables. The variables within the parameter arrays do not have to be distinct, or equally spaced, and the array variables can be in increasing or decreasing order.
Topics: CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, LIQUID-GAS MIXTURES, TRANSONIC SPEED, TWO PHASE FLOW, WIND TUNNEL TESTS, LASER...
307
307
May 6, 2010
05/10
by
Jacobs, R. B.; Macinko, J.; Miller, C. E
texts
eye 307
favorite 0
comment 0
Electromechanical measurement of density of flowing cryogenic fluids
Topics: CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, DENSITOMETERS, DYNAMOMETERS, ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES, ELECTROMECHANICS,...
190
190
Jul 9, 2010
07/10
by
KYLSTRA, J.; HOOGERHEIDE, J
texts
eye 190
favorite 0
comment 0
COMMERCIAL PILOTS SITTING BEFORE AND LOOKING AT A TELEVISION SCREEN, ON WHICH WERE PRESENTED MOVING DOTS OR BARS SIMULATING AN APPROACH TO A VISUAL LANDING SYSTEM, WERE ASKED TO DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN LEVEL FLIGHT OR FLIGHT WITH CHANGE IN ALTITUDE IN THE SENSE OF A DESCENT. THERE WERE 4 PATTERNS OF LIGHT MARKINGS: SINGLE ROW, DOUBLE ROW, SINGLE CROSSBARS AND DOUBLE CROSSBARS. CHANGES IN ALTITUDE WERE SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER OBSERVED IN THE DOUBLE PATTERNS THAN IN THE SINGLE PATTERNS.
Topics: LIQUID HELIUM, NUCLEATE BOILING, ROCKET-BORNE INSTRUMENTS, WEIGHTLESSNESS SIMULATION, CRYOGENIC...
324
324
May 22, 2011
05/11
by
Katnik, Gregory N.; Bowen, Barry C.; Davis, J. Bradle
texts
eye 324
favorite 0
comment 0
A debris/ice/thermal protection system assessment and integrated photographic analysis was conducted for shuttle mission STS-63. Debris inspections of the flight elements and launch pad were performed before and after launch. Icing conditions on the external tank were assessed by the use of computer programs, monographs, and infrared scanner data during cryogenic loading of the vehicle followed by on-pad visual inspection. High speed photography of the launch was analyzed to identify ice/debris...
Topics: CAVITATION FLOW, CAVITIES, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, EULER EQUATIONS OF MOTION, NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION,...
258
258
May 31, 2011
05/11
by
Killen, Rosemary M
texts
eye 258
favorite 0
comment 0
We propose that Ar-40 measured in the lunar atmosphere and that in Mercury's atmosphere is due to current diffusion into connected pore space within the crust. Higher temperatures at Mercury, along with more rapid loss from the atmosphere will lead to a smaller column abundance of argon at Mercury than at the Moon, given the same crustal abundance of potassium. Because the noble gas abundance in the Hermean atmosphere represents current effusion, it is a direct measure of the crustal potassium...
Topics: CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, EVAPORATION, FLUID MANAGEMENT, CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS, THERMAL INSULATION,...
175
175
Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Kittel, P
texts
eye 175
favorite 0
comment 0
Advances in storage technology and how passive techniques could be applied to the storage of propellants at the space station are described. The devices considered are passive orbital disconnect struts, cooled shield optimization, liftweight shields and catalytic converters.
Topics: AEROASSIST, SCAVENGING, ORBIT TRANSFER VEHICLES, PROPULSION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE, SPACE STATIONS,...
223
223
May 22, 2011
05/11
by
Krenn, Guenthe
texts
eye 223
favorite 0
comment 0
The concept of local realism entails certain restrictions concerning the possible occurrence of correlated events. Although these restrictions are inherent in classical physics they have never been noticed until Bell showed in 1964 that general correlations in quantum mechanics can not be interpreted in a classical way. We demonstrate how a local realistic way of thinking about measurement results necessarily leads to limitations with regard to the possible appearance of correlated events....
Topics: COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, COMPUTATIONAL GRIDS, CONTINUITY EQUATION, EQUATIONS OF STATE, HEAT...
363
363
Sep 20, 2010
09/10
by
Margoulis,
texts
eye 363
favorite 0
comment 0
Comparing the results of the calculations for computing the mean pressure of an aviation engine for any number of revolutions, with those of experiment, the writer, by numerous examples, shows the perfect agreement between them. This report will show that, by means of a special abacus, an engineer can instantly plot the characteristics of an engine.
Topics: AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, LOW THRUST PROPULSION, NUCLEAR PROPULSION, TURBOMACHINERY, PROPULSION SYSTEM...
232
232
Jul 26, 2010
07/10
by
Mehrotra, Mal
texts
eye 232
favorite 0
comment 0
Currently, most expert system shells do not address software engineering issues for developing or maintaining expert systems. As a result, large expert systems tend to be incomprehensible, difficult to debug or modify and almost impossible to verify or validate. Partitioning rule based systems into rule groups which reflect the underlying subdomains of the problem should enhance the comprehensibility, maintainability, and reliability of expert system software. Attempts were made to...
Topics: CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN, FLUID MANAGEMENT, HEAT TRANSFER, HEATERS, MICROGRAVITY, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,...
368
368
May 28, 2011
05/11
by
Moore, Robert C
texts
eye 368
favorite 0
comment 0
The Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS) was established by the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) at the NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) on June 6, 1983. RIACS is privately operated by USRA, a consortium of universities that serves as a bridge between NASA and the academic community. Under a five-year co-operative agreement with NASA, research at RIACS is focused on areas that are strategically enabling to the Ames Research Center's role as NASA's Center of...
Topics: PROPULSION, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, ELECTRIC PROPULSION, LASER PROPULSION, LIQUID AIR CYCLE ENGINES,...
An apparatus was designed to enable in-pile irradiation of materials in liquid hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures. One of the principal components of this apparatus was a horizontal tube condenser. The performance of the condenser was evaluated by running a liquid-nitrogen prototype of the apparatus at heat loads comparable to or greater than those expected during the irradiation. The test showed that the condenser was capable of handling the design heat load and that the design procedure was...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, ION IRRADIATION, LIQUID HYDROGEN, LOW...
An experiment test series of the slush hydrogen (SLH2) project at the NASA LeRC Plum Brook K-Site Facility was completed. This testing was done as part of the characterization and technology database development on slush hydrogen required for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP) Program. The primary objective of these experiments was to investigate tank thermodynamic parameters during the pressurized expulsion of slush hydrogen. To accomplish this, maintenance of tank pressure control was...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUID STORAGE, EXPULSION, HYDROGEN FUELS, NATIONAL...
The Zero Boil-Off Technology (ZBOT) Experiment involves performing a small scale ISS experiment to study tank pressurization and pressure control in microgravity. The ZBOT experiment consists of a vacuum jacketed test tank filled with an inert fluorocarbon simulant liquid. Heaters and thermo-electric coolers are used in conjunction with an axial jet mixer flow loop to study a range of thermal conditions within the tank. The objective is to provide a high quality database of low gravity fluid...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FUEL TANK PRESSURIZATION, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, COMPUTATIONAL...
The end of the Shuttle Program provides an opportunity to evaluate and possibly refurbish launch support infrastructure at the Kennedy Space Center in support of future launch vehicles. One major infrastructure element needing attention is the cryogenic fuel and oxidizer system and specifically the cryogenic fuel ground storage tanks located at Launch Complex 39. These tanks were constructed in 1965 and served both the Apollo and Shuttle Programs and will be used to support future launch...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENICS, INSPECTION, THERMAL MAPPING, STORAGE TANKS, FUEL...
The properties of the solutions of a system of four coupled nonlinear differential equations that model the behavior of the rotating shaft of a bearing tester are studied. In particular, it is shown how the bounds for the rotations of these equations can be obtained from bounds for the solutions of the linearized equations. By studying the behavior of the Fourier transforms of the solution, the approach to the stability boundary can also be predicted. These conclusions are verified by means of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BEARINGS, BEHAVIOR, DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, MATHEMATICAL...
In support of the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, focused cryogenic fluid management technology efforts are underway within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Under the auspices of the Exploration Technology Development Program, cryogenic fluid management technology efforts are being conducted by the Cryogenic Fluid Management Project. Cryogenic Fluid Management Project objectives are to develop storage, transfer, and handling technologies for cryogens to support high performance...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, MARS MISSIONS, SPACE EXPLORATION, FLUID...
Given the wide diversity of cryogenic fluid management technology that had been developed at the research level, there was a need for eCryo to prioritize and focus on a limited subset of the possibilities in order to set a practical scope. As part of the effort to determine that focus, a survey was conducted in May of 2014 to solicit opinions of members of the aerospace industry as to what they considered the most important and beneficial cryogenic technologies to be developed in the near term....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENICS, FLUID MANAGEMENT, AEROSPACE...
A vessel having inlet and outlet valves is disposed in a container with a fluid to be pumped which may be evolved from a liquid in the container below the vessel. A magnetocaloric substance is disposed in the vessel and causes fluid vapor in the vessel to expand and be expelled through the outlet valve. Vapor is drawn in through the inlet valve as the substance cools. The inlet valves may be one-way check valves or may be solenoid valves energized at appropriate times by timing circutis. A...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, MAGNETIC PUMPING, PUMPS, CONTROL VALVES,...
Cryogenic Propellant Depots have been assessed over many years in terms of architectures, system configuration trades, related technologies, economic assessments, etc., to enable more ambitious and affordable human and robotic exploration of the Earth Neighborhood and beyond. These activities have identified architectures and concepts that produce, preposition and store propellants in space for exploration and commercial space activities. Commonalities across mission scenarios for these...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENIC FLUID STORAGE, PROPELLANT...
As the agency space transportation lead center, Marshall Space Flight Center has been conducting transportation assessments for future robotic and human Mars missions to identify critical technologies. Five human Mars options are currently under assessment with each option including all transportation requirements from Earth to Mars and return. The primary difference for each option is the propulsion source from Earth to Mars. In case any of the options require heavy launch capability that is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COST EFFECTIVENESS, LAUNCH VEHICLES, PROPULSION, SPACE...
Liquid methane is beginning to become an energy alternative to expensive oil as a power source for automotive vehicles. Methane is the principal component of natural gas, costs less than half as much as gasoline, and its emissions are a lot cleaner than from gasoline or diesel engines. Beech Aircraft Corporation's Boulder Division has designed and is producing a system for converting cars and trucks to liquid methane operation. Liquid methane (LM) is a cryogenic fuel which must be stored at a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METHANE, MOTOR VEHICLES, LIQUEFIED GASES, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,...
The results are presented of a study program directed toward evaluating the problems associated with cooling an LST instrument to 2 K for a year by using superfluid helium as the cooling means. The results include the parametric analysis of systems using helium only, and systems using helium plus a shield cryogen. A baseline system, using helium only is described. The baseline system is sized for an instrument heat leak of 50 mw. It contains 71 Kg of superfluid helium and has a total, filled...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HELIUM, HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE, INFRARED ASTRONOMY,...
A series of parametric investigations are described which determine the effect of various fluid charges on the performance of a 0.635-cm-diam spiral-artery, liquid-trap diode in both the forward and reverse modes. Specific parameters such as forward- and reverse-mode conductances, shutdown times and energies, and recovery to forward-model operation, are evaluated for ethane as a working fluid in the temperature range 170 K to 220 K. Results indicate that the heat pipe will not reliably start up...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC EQUIPMENT, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, HEAT PIPES,...
A future requirements and advanced market evaluation study indicates derivatives of current wide-body aircraft, using 1980 advanced technology, would be economically attractive through 2008, but new dedicated airfreighters incorporating 1990 technology, would offer little or no economic incentive. They would be economically attractive for all payload sizes, however, if RD and T costs could be shared in a joint civil/military arrangement. For the 1994-2008 cargo market, option studies indicate...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIR CARGO, AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATIONS, CARGO AIRCRAFT, ECONOMIC...
The transient behavior of a small scale cryogenic transfer line was investigated during chilldown to cryogenic temperatures. The vacuum-jacketed apparatus consisted of a vertical tube followed by a near horizontal tube. The apparatus was equipped with view ports in the near horizontal section to allow visual observation of the flow patterns. Wall temperatures were measured at various locations along the length of the transfer line. Each test was conducted at a constant liquid volumetric...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, FLOW VELOCITY, CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE, HEAT...
Reliable knowledge of low-gravity cryogenic fluid management behavior is lacking and yet is critical in the areas of storage, distribution, and low-gravity propellant management. The Vision for Space Exploration mission objectives will require the use of high performance cryogenic propellants (hydrogen, oxygen, and methane). Additionally, lunar missions will require success in storing and transferring liquid and gas commodities on the surface. The fundamental challenges associated with the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACES, DYNAMIC...
An optoelectronic system utilizes wavelength-dependent scattering of light for measuring the density and mass flow of a two-phase fluid in a pipe. The apparatus was invented for original use in measuring the mass flow of a two-phase cryogenic fluid (e.g., liquid hydrogen containing bubbles of hydrogen gas), but underlying principles of operation can readily be adapted to non-cryogenic two-phase fluids. The system (see figure) includes a laser module, which contains two or more laser diodes,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BEAM SPLITTERS, COUPLING CIRCUITS, FLOW MEASUREMENT, FIBER...
This vocabulary listing characterizes the contents of over 10,000 documents of the NASA Aerospace Safety Research and Data Institute's (ASRDI) safety engineering collection. The ASRDI collection is now one of the series accessible on the NASA RECON data base. There are approximately 6,300 postable terms that describe literature in the areas of cryogenic fluid safety, specifically hydrogen, oxygen, liquified natural gas; fire and explosion technology; and the mechanics of structural failure. To...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, DATA MANAGEMENT,...
While at the KSC, I was given the opportunity of assisting the Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office (SSCO) specifically the Propellant Transfer System (PTS) lead by my mentor, Brian Nufer. While waiting to test different components in the PTS, I was able to assist with testing for the Hose Management Assembly (HMA) and was able to work on a simulation in Labview. For the HMA, I was able to help with testing of a coating as well as to help test the durability of the pinch rollers in space. In...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, PROPELLANT TRANSFER, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS,...
The effects of cryogenic temperatures on the mechanical and physical properties of materials are summarized. Heat capacity and thermal conductivity are considered in the context of conservation of liquid nitrogen, thermal stability of the gas stream, and the response time for changes in operating temperature. Particular attention is given to the effects of differential expansion and failure due to thermal fatigue. Factors affecting safety are discussed, including hazards created due to the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ASPHYXIA, CONSERVATION, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, FIBER COMPOSITES,...
As part of its development of cryogenic fluid management techniques for spacecraft, the NASA Lewis Research Center Cryogenic Fluid Technology Office (CFTO) is planning to perform ground tests of nonvented fill techniques on a 4.96-cubic-meter lightweight liquid hydrogen tank. This tank is similar in size and shape to the tankage planned for CFTO's COLD-SAT liquid hydrogen flight experiment. The analyses used to select two injection systems are presented for nonvented fills of this tank at...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC EQUIPMENT, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, FLUID MANAGEMENT,...
Results are summarized for an 11-month study to define fluid storage and handling strategies and requirements for various specific mission case studies and their associated design impacts on the Space Station. There are a variety of fluid users which require a variety of fluids and use rates. Also, the cryogenic propellants required for NASA's STV, Planetary, and Code Z missions are enormous. The storage methods must accommodate fluids ranging from a high pressure gas or supercritical state...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUID STORAGE, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENIC ROCKET...
The size of subcooled liquified nitrogen droplets are measured with a 5 mW He-Ne laser as a function of pressure difference (delta P) across flat spray and full cone pressure atomizing nozzles. For delta P's of 3 to 30 psid, the spray sauter mean diameter (SMD) ranged between 250 to 50 microns. The pressure range tested is representative of those expected during cryogenic fluid transfer operations in space. The droplet sizes from the flat spray nozzles were greater than those from the full cone...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, DROP SIZE, LASER APPLICATIONS, LIQUID...
A system for measuring the mass of liquid in a tank on orbit with 1 percent accuracy was developed and demonstrated. An extensive tradeoff identified adiabatic compression as the only gaging technique that is independent of gravity or its orientation, and of the size and distribution of bubbles in the tank. This technique is applicable to all Earth-storable and cryogenic liquids of interest for Space Station use, except superfluid helium, and can be applied to tanks of any size, shape, or...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BUBBLES, COMPRESSING, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, MEASURING...
A control valve includes a body defining a central cavity arranged between a fluid inlet and outwardly-diverging first and second fluid outlets respectively disposed in a common transverse plane. A valve member is arranged in the cavity for rotation between first and second operating positions where a transverse fluid passage through the valve member alternatively communicates the fluid inlet with one or the other of the fluid outlets. To minimize fluid turbulence when the valve member is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CONTROL VALVES, FUEL VALVES, HIGH PRESSURE, HIGH TEMPERATURE...
The computational method developed to study the cryogenic fluid characteristics inside a fuel tank in a hypersonic aircraft is presented. The model simulates a rapid draining of the tank by modeling the ullage vapor and the cryogenic liquid with a moving interface. A mathematical transformation was developed and applied to the Navier-Stokes equations to account for the moving interface. The formulation of the numerical method is a transient hybrid explicit-implicit technique where the pressure...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, DRAINAGE,...
The Tank Pressure Control Experiment (TPCE) is a space experiment developed to help meet the need for a critical aspect of cryogenic fluid management technology: control of storage tank pressures in the absence of gravity by forced convective mixing. The experiment used a 13.7-liter tank filled to a constant 83 percent level with refrigerant 113 at near saturation conditions to simulate the fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of cryogenic fluids in space applications. The objectives of TPCE were...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, CRYOGENICS, JET MIXING FLOW, MICROGRAVITY,...
The purpose of this study was to anchor thermal and fluid system models to CRYOTE ground test data. The CRYOTE ground test artide was jointly developed by Innovative Engineering Solutions, United Launch Alliance and NASA KSC. The test article was constructed out of a titanium alloy tank, Sapphire 77 composite skin (similar to G10), an external secondary payload adapter ring, thermal vent system, multi layer insulation and various data acquisition instrumentation. In efforts to understand heat...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYOGENIC FLUIDS, GROUND TESTS, THERMAL ANALYSIS, TEST...
