The fiscal problems of today's school districts are a reflection of the national economy. Taxpayers are struggling to make mortgage payments and are reluctant--or unwilling--to pass bonds and levies that will raise property taxes. Local, state, and federal grants have dwindled, and the effect of the education stimulus dollars is uncertain. The time has come for many districts to tighten their belts and attempt to retain some of their contingency funds for more difficult times that may be on the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Budgeting, Retrenchment, Educational Finance, School Districts, Participative...
As a nation we need to identify a set of practical tools to help schools meet the needs of diverse learners. Schools must improve learning for all students, including children living in poverty, students learning English for the first time, students with special needs, students that are mobile, and students with diverse backgrounds. It is critical to their success that decision making be based on real-time accurate data and include classroom interventions based on research. An increase in staff...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Disabilities, Special Needs Students, Educational Change, English Language Learners,...
A survey of program administrators, interviews with program personnel and State employment service officers, and a research review were conducted to develop guidelines for meeting the occupational and training needs of undereducated adults. Data from programs in Pennsylvania, Arizona, Missouri, Virginia, West Virginia, the District of Columbia, New York City, and elsewhere were gathered on characteristics of educationally deficient adults, major program features, job and training opportunities,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Basic Education, Ancillary Services, Community Involvement, Counseling,...
Addressing American Indians and the Indian Health Service (IHS), this report focuses on the process of Indian involvement and self-determination in health, emphasizing improvement of the effectiveness and responsiveness of Indian health services. Data derived from written documents, statistical figures, and personal interviews with over 200 people (tribal leaders, health board members, service unit directors, etc.) is presented via a 3 chapter focus. The 1st chapter details IHS structure and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, Alcoholism, American Indian Reservations, American Indians, Community...
The purpose of the 1975 Migrant Summer School was to: (1) expand the migrant child's vocabulary, (2) improve his academic ability, (3) develop cultural enrichment, and (4) facilitate social adjustment. Specific objectives were: (1) developing reading skills to enable students to read easily materials on different levels, (2) developing writing skills for self expression, (3) acquiring an extended oral vocabulary in English to complement the student's basic home-acquired Spanish language, (4)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Elementary Education, Enrichment, Enrichment Activities,...
Introductory sections of these guidelines give the point of view and goals of bilingual-bicultural education. Definitions of some terms commonly used in this area follow. A section on program organization gives guidelines for assessment, staff, staff development, instruction, methodology, instructional materials, community involvement and evaluation. Guidelines for alternative designs for elementary and secondary programs are also provided. An appendix lists the members of the Framework...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Guides, Biculturalism, Bilingual Education, Bilingual Teacher Aides,...
This collection of materials and ideas is designed for the high school student who wants to try to influence society. The guide provides background information and descriptions of experience-based learning activities for use by students as they explore political involvement opportunities in their communities. The purposes of the materials are to help students understand how to become involved in the political process and to teach them to use positive and negative political means to make the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Education, Career Planning, Community Involvement, Democratic Values,...
Traditionally, studies of educational innovations have based evaluations on accomplishment of officially-stated ends. This study, however, explores alternative theoretical frameworks for evaluation. Project Redesign took place in an upper-middle-class suburb with the pseudonym "Meadow City." The project was funded by the National Institute of Education as an attempt to redesign the educational system to meet changing societal needs. It was a large-scale participatory planning project...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Cooperative Planning, Elementary Secondary Education, Models,...
The Alaska Rural Systemic Initiative (AKRSI) was established in 1994 to develop pedagogical practices that incorporate the indigenous knowledge systems of Alaska Native peoples into formal educational programs. The statewide project is organized around five initiatives, each of which is implemented in one Native cultural region at a time on a rotational schedule over 5 years. A sixth initiative focuses on developing a statewide educational telecommunications infrastructure. This report...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alaska Natives, American Indian Education, Change Strategies, Community Involvement,...
A case study of a rural community in Western Australia examined factors responsible for the progress made in breaking down barriers between youth and adults and building community cohesiveness. Community documents and interviews with school personnel, students, and community members revealed that the high school worked with the community to build a number of school-community linkages, including involving the community in school decision making, introducing a work studies program into the senior...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Development, Community Involvement, Cooperative Education, Education Work...
As the first state to offer universal preschool to three-year-olds, Illinois' experience with early childhood education (ECE) policy reform efforts offers lessons about how such change takes shape. This report details Illinois' ECE activities from 1992 to the present, with a particular focus on the business role in ECE policy. Lessons learned include: (1) Efforts are sustained over long time periods; (2) Certain catalyst individuals are important, and may include business people,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Early Childhood Education, Business, Community Involvement, School Business...
The Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve (JC NERR) program has successfully capitalized on human fascination with the ocean by using the marine environment to develop interest and capability in science. The Institute of Marine & Coastal Sciences, as the managing agency of the JC NERR, makes its faculty, staff resources, and advanced technology available to educators and their students. With the selection of model science programs and the development of collaborative school...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Constructivism (Learning), Educational Cooperation,...
Rural students face many challenges in gaining a sound education, but one of the advantages they have is that their schools are set in a community context that values a sense of place and offers a unique set of conditions for building social capital. A school-community partnership model of school renewal might be an appropriate means by which rural school communities can improve their educational processes. Six types of connections in rural communities important to developing an authentic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Strategies, Church Role, Community Involvement, Educational Change,...
If one mantra dominates the field of workforce development, it is partnership and collaboration: the need to link disparate training providers and colleges, to better connect employers with training courses and to unite public and private sector funding. The need for partnership is clear, but all the rhetoric and legislative mandates supporting this goal have not added up to much. There are few exceptions to this rule, but one has arisen in an unlikely locale -- New York City, This paper...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cooperation, Consortia, Information Technology, Job Training, Labor Force...
Twenty years of research on school performance has created a body of knowledge that grounds today's school improvement efforts and has resulted in a concise list of characteristics that are common to high-performing schools. As accountability becomes more and more important, educational leaders across the nation are actively attempting to foster these qualities in their schools: (1) A shared understanding of goals and expectations for all involved in the school system; (2) High academic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Family School Relationship, School Community Relationship, Community Involvement,...
Information on all facets of the 2-day 1981 American Indian Community Education Conference held in Bismarck, North Dakota, is presented. The document contains promotional materials developed for disseminating information about the Regional Conference; the conference rationale and design; lists of consortium center directors, support personnel, preregistrations received, and conference registrants; an agenda; the evaluation instrument and results; and an outline of conference costs. Minutes of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, American Indian Culture, American Indian Education, American Indian...
This report, the second of two volumes, provides descriptions and legislative histories of Federal programs that affect the rights of children to education of high quality, opportunities for self-sufficiency, healthy bodies, and safe and liveable environments. Programs and related legislation are grouped under the headings of these four rights. Usually included in each program profile is information concerning program purpose and history, funding mechanisms, recipients who benefit, provisions...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Childrens Rights, Community Involvement, Education, Employment, Environment, Federal...
This handbook is designed to guide readers in developing a local assessment of the community's progress toward the National Education Goals. It is organized around those questions that the National Education Goals Panel has used to measure national and state progress in its 1991 report. Information in the introduction includes the history of the National Goals and Goal Reports, reasons why local communities should develop a local goals report, and the characteristics that reports should...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Development, Community Involvement, Educational Assessment, Educational...
This book reports on a 3-year project involving the design and implementation of a coordinated demonstration program for the treatment of child sexual abuse in rural Manitoba (Canada). The purpose of the project was to address problems resulting from child sexual abuse services that are sporadic and uncoordinated in rural Canadian communities. Section 1 of the book contains a detailed description of key elements involved in the creation and maintenance of a rural coordinated service system....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agency Cooperation, Attitudes, Child Abuse, Community Involvement, Community...
This document presents the amended text of S. 123, cited as "Smart Start: The Community Collaborative for Early Childhood Development Act of 1989," a bill to provide financial assistance to states and localities for high quality early childhood development programs for prekindergarten children. Sections concern: (1) the short title and table of contents; (2) statement of findings and purpose; (3) definitions; (4) program authorization; (5) eligibility for federal assistance; (6)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Compensatory Education, Early Childhood Education, Educational...
This report compiles information related to the extent, quality, methodology, and effectiveness of certain process elements in the implementation of federally funded community education projects. It is divided into four major parts: need, process, program, and evaluation. Under these headings, 24 separate components are described. These components are found (1) under need: defining and identifying the community, common history, demographic analysis, trends, existing educational programs,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Agency Cooperation, Case Studies, Citizen Participation, Community...
Characteristics of a cooperative inservice teacher education program that has functioned for three years are discussed in this booklet. Part I supplies the rationale behind the planning of the Teacher Corps-funded program between Western Washington University and the Arlington Public School District (Washington), including problems reported in research literature and criticisms of inservice programs voiced by elementary and secondary school teachers and by professors of education. A description...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Cooperative Programs, Educational Cooperation, Elementary...
Chapter 1 of this report on the implementation and evaluation of the Experimental Schools Program (ESP) in the Jefferson School District provides a brief geographical, demographic, historical, and economic overview of the district. Chapters 2 and 3 provide data of a historical and developmental nature, as well as data on the overall purposes and intents of ESP at the national and local levels. Chapters 4 through 7 focus on district elements at which the ESP was targeted, in terms both of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Curriculum, Educational Change, Educational Innovation,...
This report presents eight articles dealing with several aspects of foreign languages in the elementary schools (FLES) and bilingual education. "Why? What? How?" by M. Woodruff presents a view of the present situation of and future potential for FLES in the U.S. In "Reaction to: 'Why? What? How?'" R. Brooks raises questions regarding FLES's needs and the influence of professional organizations in this area. "Prescription for FLES: Positive Action" by V. Gramer...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bilingual Education, Community Involvement, Curriculum Development, Disadvantaged...
A criminal justice system cannot be stronger than its weakest link, and corrections has been the weakest component in our system for far too long. Today's challenge is that of bringing together concerned citizens, public agencies, and private agencies in an effort to create a correctional system that works. Correctional programs can accomplish nothing if there is no place, no work, and no second chance in the community for the ex-offender. Recognition of this situation is bringing about changes...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Attitudes, Community Involvement, Community Organizations, Community...
This working paper is the culmination of a number of meetings of the Task Force on the Community College with people in community colleges and their communities, as well as with people in noncollege communities, to obtain views regarding the nature of community colleges and the functions that they should perform in British Columbia. Special areas of concern were the following: New college and college facilities development; college role in media/communications; continuing education; community...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Role, Community Colleges, Community Involvement, Data Collection, Educational...
The purpose of this practicum was to test the belief that a need existed for a two-year associate degree program at Mississippi Gulf Coast Junior College in the area of Human Services. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 25 community agencies, of which 78 percent responded. Results of the survey showed that nine of the responding agencies provided an inservice training program for workers with less than a four-year college degree, and three of the agencies reported that their programs...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Associate Degrees, College Curriculum, Community Involvement, Curriculum Development,...
The Rural Education Program (REP) of the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory (NWREL) is developing a strategy for involving rural communities and school systems in a systematic problem solving process. This Rural Futures Development (RFD) Strategy is based on the theoretical works of such people as Havelock, Lippit, Bales, Williamson, Schmuck and Runkel and on NWREL's field based development efforts. This paper presents: (1) an overview of the RFD Strategy and its related products, (2) a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Agents, Change Strategies, Community Involvement, Content Analysis, Decision...
A first-year report of the South East Education Development (SEED) project, an organization between the community-at-large and the schools in a disadvantaged section of San Francisco, California, is presented. The author first lists major findings about the primarily Negro first-grade students as a group and an introduction which refers to the nature of the competent pragmatic test and the empirical basis for this review. Then separate sections discuss pupil attendance patterns, teacher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attendance, Beginning Reading, Black Students, Class Size, Community Involvement,...
Penn State York has a history of collaboration with the York community. The campus became involved in two university-community collaborative efforts to identify and take action to resolve living and learning needs of children and teachers in York County. This article presents stories of two initiatives, and the lessons that emerged from reflection upon the process.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Partnerships in Education, School Community Programs, College School Cooperation,...
This report reviews the activities, strategies, successes, and problems of diverse school reform efforts across a 14-state sample of community organizations. In 1999 and 2000, interviewers visited over 40 organizations and conducted telephone interviews with dozens of other organizations involved in education reform. They met with directors, organizers, parent and youth leaders, community activists, and other participants in organizing efforts aimed at public education. Overall, community...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accountability, Change Strategies, Community Involvement, Community Organizations,...
This paper presents a synthesis of a national literature search on community climate and quality of life. Its primary focus is on community development as it affects people, i.e., their relationships and interactions with each other and with institutions. The document addresses five major topics: Section I provides definitions of terms and concepts used to discuss positive climate and quality of life. Section II reviews factors associated with positive community climates, including categories...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Citizen Participation, Community Change, Community Development, Community...
Communities have a wealth of technology resources and history on which to draw in thinking about and using technology in ways that support their values and goals. The technology connections that exist in a community may not be obvious, however. The activities presented in this guide are designed to help identify some of those connections and resources. They begin with the development of a History Wall, in which participants chronicle important developments in their community's history. In the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Computers, Community Cooperation, Community Information Services, Community...
Educators today may find a historical review of the Howard Players at Howard University (Washington, D.C.) in the 1920s important because of its implicit commentary on what constitutes community. While the Howard Players are generally written about in terms of the development of an African-American theater, historians ought also to think of their work as being linked to a national movement, that is community drama, as theorized and enacted by such figures as Percy Mackaye and W. E. B. DuBois....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Community, Black History, Blacks, Community Involvement, Cultural Context,...
This evaluation attempts to measure the extent and effectiveness of ESEA Title I programs designed to meet the needs of disadvantaged children and apprizes the public and the legislature of program outcomes. In keeping with USOE requirements for evaluating Title I programs, this document is constructed of (1) responses to USOE probes by questionnaire sequence and (2) applicable suplementary or background information. Data were collected from the Montana State Department of Public Instruction;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains, Community Involvement, Compensatory...
The Bilingual Mini-Head Start program aims to maintain contacts with migrant children from their home base through a series of northern work locations. The project has served migrant children over a 6,000 mile circuit in three different states, showing its flexibility at each site in adapting to take advantage of local programs as well as providing continuity through a continuation of the bilingual curriculum with the mobile teaching staff. This paper presents a final progress report for the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Bilingual Education, Community Involvement, Early Childhood...
The report covers the final year of a 3-year project to develop a career education continuum for grades K-14 in participating Pennsylvania school districts. Third-year objectives included procedures for working with select groups of students and teachers to refine successful components from the first two years. The general strategy of project staff acting as change agents for teachers, counselors, and students in relation to career education activities was continued in preparation for the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Awareness, Career Education, Career Exploration, Community Involvement,...
The recruitment of respondents belonging to ethnic minorities poses important challenges in social and health research. This paper reflects on the enablers and barriers to recruitment that we encountered in our research work with persons belonging to ethnic minorities. Additionally, we applied the Matching Model of Recruitment, a theoretical framework concerning minority recruitment, to guide our reflection. We also explored its applicability as a research design tool. In assessing our research...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Research Design, Social Environment, Minority Groups, Recruitment, Sampling, Ethnic...
The role of a state education agency (SEA) in the development of a program for international community education is analyzed. The task of this paper is perceived to be linking the human condition internationally with the concept of community education. Community education, as presented here, engages the public in determining the role that schools play in solving individual and community problems. Roles and functions of the SEA are no longer limited to traditional tasks; rather, national trends...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agency Role, Community, Community Education, Community Involvement, Elementary...
Information and communication technology (ICT) within the lifelong learning agenda has the potential to maintain or activate citizenship, in both social and political terms, among older people in a Scottish context. Within recent government documents at both the United Kingdom and the Scottish level, the aims of the two major traditions of citizenship in Western political thought--the liberal tradition and the civic republican tradition--are linked with the use of ICT. The goal in Scotland is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Citizen Participation, Citizenship, Citizenship Education, Community...
Municipal leadership can make an enormous difference in expanding the range of high school options and ensuring that more students graduate prepared for work and life. This report draws upon lessons learned from a 2005-07 project on "Helping Municipal Leaders Expand Options and Alternatives for High School," managed by the National League of Cities (NLC) Institute for Youth, Education, and Families (YEF Institute) with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, to show how...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Community Relationship, High Schools, Nontraditional Education, At Risk...
Investigations and findings of the Temporary State Commission on Youth Education in Environmental Conservation for the State of New York are conveyed in this final report. A philosophical rationale introduces the report followed by a history of the Commission and a summary of its activities under the present staff. Highlights of six regional meetings are briefly characterized and the findings derived from these meetings, on the present status of education in environmental conservation, are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Advisory Committees, Community Involvement, Conservation Education, Educational...
This manual is designed to facilitate planning for day care center facilities. Goals and principles of day care are discussed in relation to programs for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers with special attention to staff, parents, and community. Suggestions are presented for indoor and outdoor planning for such topics as equipment, supplies, ventilation, acoustics, lighting, temperature control, storage, and numberous other areas of concern. Provided in the manual is a partial list of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Acoustical Environment, Child Development Centers, Community Involvement, Day Care,...
Every day in New York City, between 90,000 and 100,000 young people, almost all of them Black and Latina/o, must show up to school thirty to forty-five minutes before their first class begins because they attend schools with metal detectors and scanners. School administrators and policymakers have accepted this scenario as part of Black and Latina/o youth's educational experiences. They refuse to acknowledge that this approach to school discipline is an extension of the criminalization of Black...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Discipline Policy, Urban Schools, Community Involvement, Student Participation,...
This case study describes the campus context and process for successfully including community engagement language into promotion and tenure policies at Virginia Commonwealth University, a high research, urban public university. The paper also describes barriers our campus faced during the promotion and tenure policy revision process, especially myths that emerged surrounding community-engaged work in the academy. We describe key supports that facilitated a successful process, including the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Faculty Promotion, Community Involvement, Tenure, College Faculty,...
In this publication, written for use in guiding community recreation and park systems, the following topics are discussed: why parks and recreational facilities should be developed, the need for governmental participation, and park-system development. Additionally, neighborhood parks, playlots, community parks, city-wide parks, regional parks and reservations, and specialized recreation areas and facilities are examined in terms of desirable physical characteristics and user populations....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Educational Facilities, Government Role, Individual Needs,...
In 1970, the U.S. Office of Education, through the Bureau of Educational Personnel Development, initiated a program promoting community-school collaboration, which was called the Urban/Rural School Development Program. Designed to train educational personnel at a small number of schools in low-income communities characterized by student underachievement, it is now active at 26 sites. The purpose of this effort was to demonstrate that federal funds could strengthen the educational resources of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Community Role, Educational Resources, Elementary Secondary...
This presentation describes a curriculum revitalization project begun in Spring, 1983 in Baxter Springs, Kansas. The cooperative "effective schools" effort used a broad base of support to establish a director of curriculum, create new school-university ties, focus a reading K-12 curriculum improvement effort, and hold instructional leadership sessions for district administrators. The Baxter Springs Board of Education shows continuing support for these curriculum efforts, which are the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Board of Education Policy, Boards of Education, Community...
This report describes research undertaken to understand the operation of Green Hills Farm Project (GHFP), an example of a new model of locally organized, place-based farmer network organizations. The report, based primarily on open-ended interviews conducted with the group's 11 core members, documents the role of the University of Missouri in the group's activities and explores how the university can support the growth of similar networks. The first section provides a general overview of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agricultural Colleges, Area Studies, Community Development, Community Involvement,...
Part 1 of this paper considers conventional bilingual-bicultural programs, observing that there is still much need for improvement. According to the author, successful programs require adequate societal information; a clear understanding between school, home, and community; a satisfactory statement of basic program philosophy, rationale, goals, and objectives; a sound program design; provision for research; and a clear description and evaluation of the program at each stage for the benefit of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Biculturalism, Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Community Involvement, Early...
