THE BRITISH COUNCIL CONFERENCE IN 1962 MET TO CONSIDER THE DOUBTS AND DISSATISFACTION ABOUT THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH LITERATURE OVERSEAS, ESPECIALLY IN COUNTRIES WHICH USE ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE. THE FIRST THREE COMMISSIONS STUDIED RESPECTIVELY ENGLISH LITERATURE IN UNIVERSITIES OVERSEAS, ENGLISH LITERATURE IN ADULT EDUCATION, AND ENGLISH LITERATURE IN SCHOOLS AND IN THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH. THE REMAINING FOUR COMMISSIONS, UNDER THE TOPIC TEACHING AIDS, STUDIED PROVISION OF...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Applied Linguistics, Conferences, Cross Cultural Training, Cultural Awareness,...
This monograph contains papers from an institute on the theme of adult learning in the social environment. "Bill Moyers' Journal: An Interview with Myles Horton" provides excerpts from a televised interview that discusses Myles Horton's life, work, and association with the Highlander Folk School. "Myles Horton's Views on Learning in the Social Environment" contains Horton's comments on his view of learning and responses to questions from a group that viewed the edited tape...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Adult Learning, American Indian Education, American Indians,...
This article reviews the results of a survey of former students to determine the long-term significance of a community-based Spanish practicum that has been offered since 2000. The respondents affirm that, even nine years later, they still remember well the Mexican immigrant families that hosted them during the course. The students were able to develop a long-lasting appreciation for the power of second language and cultural learning through a combination of meaningful communication, strong...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Service Learning, Second Language Learning, Spanish, Practicums, School Community...
Organizational culture has an incredible function and is an incredible function, as it is both product and process, and effect and cause. Within an investigation of tertiary students' perceptions of the fairness of educational assessment using grounded theory methodology, it became apparent that it was important to consider the influence of course culture. This paper consists of a literature review on organizational culture. The paper gives some insight into what culture is, what the components...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Higher Education, Literature Reviews, Organizational Climate,...
The World Bank has been assisting the efforts of developing countries to reform secondary education systems for more than 35 years. During this period, the context and imperatives for education reform have changed considerably due to various factors such as globalization of the world economy and the impact of new technologies. This paper is one of a series which addresses a wide range of topics within secondary education that reflect current challenges. The paper, a country case study,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Developing Nations, Educational Change, Educational Policy,...
This paper critiques multiculturalism from a range of fronts and asks what underlying influence ties together its widespread criticisms. In naming this principal influence, the paper considers what new paths are possible for reinventing the multicultural in composition studies. In addition, and most importantly, it asks what difference could such transformation make in students' and teachers' lives. The paper exposes a "Nation(al) narrative" in multiculturalism with the goal of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Cultural Differences, Cultural Pluralism, Elementary Secondary...
This article profiles the teaching context in Askaoun, in Taroudant province in the south of Morocco, and Karima Mezouari, a teacher dedicated to giving her students there a chance to learn English in meaningful and enjoyable ways. Adil Azhar describes how he learned to speak English through persistence and practice, and how he passes on his own passion for learning to his students at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Rabat.
Topics: ERIC Archive, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Foreign Countries, Profiles,...
Almost 50 years ago, a New England Board of Higher Education (NEBHE) newsletter editorialized that "institutions of higher learning must not become devices to reverse our historic trend away from a class society. We should continue to open wider doors of opportunity for students of genuine ability without regard to (family) income." The Higher Education Act of 1965, with its commitment of federal support to new need-based student aid programs, and subsequent legislation establishing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Federal Aid, Universities, Private Colleges, Family Income,...
A longitudinal qualitative study examined the variety and scope of literacy experiences in the homes of families from diverse sociocultural backgrounds. Original participants were 41 children enrolled in pre-kindergarten programs during the 1992-93 school year and their families from public elementary schools serving Baltimore City neighborhoods consisting of various combinations of low- and middle-income African American and European American families. Two of the components of the longitudinal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Blacks, Cultural Context, Early Childhood Education, Emergent Literacy, Family...
This resource explores how mutual friendships and diversity of social contacts influence literacy learning (such as in reading and writing workshops) in the primary grades. The strengths of friends working together seem to be a function of the cycle of conflict, resolution, and reflection that occurs. This cognitive decentering and the metalanguage that accompanies it is also facilitated by diverse social contacts. Collaborative literacy learning experiences, with friends and with diverse...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Communication, Classroom Environment, Cooperative Learning, Cultural...
For several years a researcher has been tracking the changing conditions of literacy learning as they have been experienced by ordinary people living through them. The purpose was to understand what sharply rising standards for literacy have meant to successive generations of Americans and how they have responded to steady changes in the meanings and methods of literacy learning. In wide-ranging discussions people were asked to remember everything they could about how they learned to write and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Cultural Context, Economic Factors, Literacy, Oral History, Personal...
Family issues are the main focus of this document, one in a series of seven bibliographies dealing with rehabilitation of disabled Native Americans. The 23 annotated entries were identified through a comprehensive search of relevant data bases covering the years 1966-1986 and were selected to be of use to consumers, policy makers, direct service providers, researchers, advocates, and parents. Each entry includes complete bibliographic information and an annotation of approximately 154 words....
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indians, Annotated Bibliographies, Child Welfare,...
Contexts influence the experience of disease. In this study, I examined how the sociocultural context (e.g., race, class, gender, and sexual orientation) affected the experience of living with HIV/AIDS and the incorporation of the HIV/AIDS identity into the self. I interviewed 36 individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Findings indicate that race, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation affected access to HIV/AIDS resources and/or the disclosure of one's HIV-positive status that, in turn,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Sexual...
Bullying is an international issue that is only just beginning to be researched in India and anecdotal evidence in Punjab, India, has suggested that most schools in the Punjab are in denial about bullying on campus. Our aim was to investigate the nature of bullying in this region using the PhotoStory Method. We sought to discover how young people in India perceived and experienced incidents of bullying. Three Punjabi schools were issued with ipads that students could use to email the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Bullying, Victims, Handheld Devices, Middle School Students,...
A PROCEDURE TO TEACH NATIVE SAMOANS HOW TO TEACH READING IS DESCRIBED. THE STORY SEQUENCE IDEA WAS USED FOR SELF-TEACHING. CLASS MEMBERS COLLECTED SAMOAN LEGENDS AND RECORDED VILLAGE LIFE IN ORIGINAL BOOKS ADAPTED TO VARIOUS READING LEVELS. THIS PRODUCTION WAS DIVIDED INTO SIX STEPS--(1) ANALYZING EXISTING TEXTBOOKS, (2) WRITING THE STORIES, (3) CONTROLLING THE VOCABULARY, (4) ILLUSTRATING THE STORY, (5) PLANNING TEACHER MANUALS, AND (6) PLANNING ACTIVITY BOOKS. FINALLY, THE STUDENTS AS A GROUP...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Reading Programs, Creative Teaching, Cultural Background, Cultural Context,...
It is argued that a method for teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) combining the communicative approach with the traditional grammatical orientation and Chinese teaching traditions may be more effective than any one of these single approaches in the Chinese educational and cultural context. The resulting approach is termed the communicative-cognition method. First, the grammar-translation method is criticized for its stress on language usage and its under-emphasis of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Chinese, Classroom Techniques, Communicative Competence (Languages), Cross Cultural...
This paper shows how visual media may be used in the high school and college classroom to foster analytical, communicative, and interpretive skills traditionally developed through reading. It suggests that L. Joplin's (1985) 5-stage experiential learning model and Anita Covert's (1980) EDIT system can be used to teach a range of media. It describes in detail how Covert's system--moving from "experience,""description,""inference," to "transfer"--helps the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Experiential Learning, Film Study, High Schools, Higher Education,...
This is the first in a series of four reading books written in Spanish and designed for use in elementary bilingual education programs. The stories are divided into two main sections, Estudios Sociales (Social Studies) and La Naturaleza (Nature). The five stories in the first section deal with such topics as the home, school, and cleaning. The five stories in the second section deal mainly with the seasons and aspects of the weather such as snow, wind, and rain. Each story is followed by a list...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bilingual Education, Childrens Literature, Cultural Context, Cultural Traits,...
American business education results in practitioners with high-level business skills but lacking the broader knowledge and habits of thought that enable them to use these skills in the complex global marketplace. This knowledge should include familiarity with the economic, political, social, and cultural diversity that is part of the human heritage, and an understanding of how these factors structure the contexts in which business is done. With these considerations in mind, Illinois Benedictine...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Business Administration Education, Cultural Awareness, Cultural...
This study retrospectively examines the emergence and development of a new class of full-time non-tenure track employees in a large land grant research university in the U.S., which created the employment category in 1980. We employ cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) to explore how this class of employees became institutionalized within the university organizational structure and within the university's consultative and decision-making processes. The study advances the understanding of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, College Faculty, Tenure, Research Universities, Social Theories,...
Contemporary studies have become interested in determining transformative effects of information and communication technologies on youngsters' social and cultural identity developments. Internet cafés are techno- social spaces where people access to digital media and interact with global cultural flows. Such interactions are profound because they fundamentally challenge diverse locality and traditional values. In this paper, we report the findings of ethnographic research study as a part...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ethnography, Life Style, Information Technology, Internet, Computer Mediated...
For more than 2000 years, Confucian teaching has had tremendous influence on the history, politics, economy, and culture of East Asian countries and regions. Despite the rapid growth in gross domestic product (GDP), people's standard of living, and economic advancements, Confucian Asia continues to adhere to the Confucian cultural values that they have embraced for hundreds of years. The shared Confucian cultural values and traditions have played an important role in the formation and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Leadership, Models, Cultural Differences, Moral Values,...
A study examined the nature and operation of the institutions in which exemplary vocational education programs exist. Three research questions guided the study: Are there common elements that characterize institutions as exemplary? How is the presence of these common elements reflected in educational levels and types of institutions? and What implications do the findings have? An analysis of the anecdotal and contextual data from the naturalistic study collected from the 15 exemplary...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Competence, Cultural Context, Demonstration Programs, Educational Environment,...
Adapted for Indian tribes of the southwest, this leader's guide outlines a training program designed to help Indian people act effectively as the primary sex educators of their children. The guide focuses on ways to help small groups understand attitudes, values, and facts about sexuality and acquire parenting skills such as communicating with children, clarifying one's own values, and reassuring children about the normalcy of their growth and change. Material is organized under three group...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, American Indian Culture, American Indian Education, American...
This paper examines the value conflicts engendered by computing developments in two different institutional settings: electronic funds transfer systems and instructional computing in primary and secondary schools. While specific values depend upon culture and upon the character of the particular institutional setting studied, these two cases serve as instructive points of departure for examining the value conflicts that generally accompany different modes of computerization in other developed...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Banking, Computer Assisted Instruction, Computers, Cultural Context, Economic Change,...
Present attempts to transform the meaning and purposes of schooling through a radically reformed notion of leadership are examined in this paper. The first part presents a framework that explains the mechanisms through which school cultures are produced, reproduced, and transformed: pedagogy, curriculum, assessment, and discipline. The first puzzle of culture and leadership involves cultural formation and cultural difference. The paper refers to the cultural battles that occur under the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Educational Environment, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign...
State and local policymakers increasingly see the need to adapt workforce and education policies to the economic changes in their states and communities. The new economy is organized around skills, flexibility, and the willingness of all workers and employees to adapt to changing circumstances. For workers, this demands an increased investment in education; for policymakers, these economic realities have put in stark relief the limitations of current workforce, welfare, and education policies....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Basic Education, Basic Skills, Community Colleges, Context Effect, Cultural...
This outline for research constitutes the report and recommendations of a conference conducted by the Center for Applied Linguistics under contract with the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the U.S. Department of the Interior. Two Conference papers are included. The first, By Countney B. Cazden and Vera P. John, "Learning in American Indian Children," discusses (1) results of Gesell development testing on Piute Indian children; (2) two different styles of learning (by looking, and through...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Bilingualism, Cultural Background, Cultural Context, Cultural...
As more and more international students begin attending universities in the United States, the nature of teaching is changing. It is within this change that sojourners experience the "double whammy of intercultural adaptation." International students must learn to deal with and adjust to a completely new cultural and educational environment in which language barriers, everyday experiences, relationships with professors and peers, and a different time schedule are problems for their...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Ethics, Foreign Students, Higher Education, Intercultural...
Student support in distance education depends on the market, the package employed, the delivery system, the image of the organization, and the culture in which it operates. If distance education is defined as an industrialized form of teaching and learning, lessons can be learned from the history of traditional higher education. The progress from individual to mass higher education highlights the dangers inherent in an industrialized approach if program developers lose sight of the goal:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Adult Students, Counseling Services, Cultural Context, Distance...
In the 1970s, women's literature had not yet arrived in the high school classroom, nor in graduate studies. Only some 20 years later was attention turned to women's literature through the publication of the "Norton Anthology of Literature by Women." Contemporary works by women writers that speak powerfully to the issue of women's voicelessness are Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize winning novel, "The Color Purple" and Jane Campion's acclaimed film, "The Piano." Both...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Females, Feminism, High Schools, Higher Education, Language Role,...
In American schools today there are a number of legacies from historical and cultural traditions. Writing construction in United States elementary schools was primarily in penmanship even into the first decades of the 20th century. Composition courses were introduced into the college curriculum during the late 1800s when a required freshman composition course was implemented by Harvard University. To this day, it is still the custom to teach reading and writing in separate classes. Students are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Educational Change, Educational History, Educational Needs,...
"Psychological Assessment in Education and Social Class," a paper presented at the University of Missouri conference on the "Legal and Educational Consequences of the Intelligence Testing Movement: Handicapped and Minority Group Children," is provided. The historical origins of the scheme of norm-referenced testing and the evidence questioning its assumptions are summarized. The implications of the interactionist's view of heredity and environment are examined. Alternative...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Culture Fair Tests, Disadvantaged, Environment, Heredity,...
This document results from a conference designed to compel participants to identify and develop curriculum content from the Chicano viewpoint. The speakers provide alternative perspectives for developing the desired content. Issues discussed are: an action model for education, the role of linguistics in shaping the individual from his personality to his world view, the valuing theory applied to making the difficult choices of selecting items for inclusion into the curriculum, a radical...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Course Content, Cultural Context, Curriculum Development, Decision Making, Group...
One in a series of seven bibliographies dealing with rehabilitation of disabled Native Americans, this document focuses on special education issues. The 80 annotated entries were identified through a comprehensive search of relevant data bases covering the years 1966-1986 and were selected to be of use to consumers, policy makers, direct service providers, researchers, advocates, and parents. Each entry includes complete bibliographic information and an annotation of approximately 154 words....
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indian Education, American Indians, Annotated...
A collaboration between a university English professor and a high-school English teacher was successful in building community, yet rather unsuccessful in manipulating the Internet. Their collaboration worked, as far as it did, because of an absence of hierarchy. To create a basis for comparison with other studies, analysis of the collaboration can be anchored by a list compiled by Paul Wangemann in his dissertation concerning successful collaboration. Cultural differences in the institutions...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College School Cooperation, Computer Networks, Cooperative Learning, Cultural...
Teachers of English as a Second Language (ESL or L2) are encouraged to design writing prompts with great care and to work through them in detail, considering the wording, the mode of discourse, the rhetorical specifications, and the subject matter of each writing assignment. When confronted with a less clear, less precise prompt, L2 writers may fail to understand the cultural context of the prompt and "how" it determines the ways in which the prompt should be satisfied. Students often...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Discourse, Cultural Context, English (Second Language), Foreign Students,...
In Taiwan, traditional pedagogy and technique-oriented teaching methods have become too outdated to enable students to fight with a society full of complicated and confusing socio-cultural phenomena. An art education curriculum change is needed, and innovative art programs should be developed with careful consideration of the socio-cultural environment. After exploring the cultural and educational implications in installation art, this paper proposes a model of a creative art program by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Education, Art Teachers, Creative Teaching, Cultural Context, Curriculum...
Twenty-four year old Jens Jensen came to the United States, settled in Chicago (Illinois), and promptly fell in love with the Midwest's prairie landscape. Although some thought that prairie was boring, monotonous, and ordinary, Jensen saw great beauty in the tree-filled groves, long winding rivers, natural rock formations and waterfalls, and the flat stretches filled with colorful native grasses and wild flowers. Jens Jensen began designing Chicago's Columbus Park in 1915 on a 150-acre parcel...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conservation (Environment), Cultural Context, Curriculum Enrichment, Heritage...
Writers are influenced by their environment including family, community, lifestyle, or location. One such writer was Mark Twain. With this lesson plan the learner will become familiar with and analyze life around Mark Twain's hometown, Hannibal, Missouri, during the latter half of the 19th century by using various online and print resources to determine what effects this location had on Twain's writings. The curriculum context will be within a unit on Mark Twain's "Adventures of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Class Activities, Cultural Context, Curriculum Enrichment, Learning Activities,...
The development and implementation of the EQF, as a meta-framework for the promotion of transparency, quality assurance, mobility and mutual recognition of qualifications, has given rise to some difficulties. These are due partly to different definitions of competences, skills and knowledge. Taking the German-speaking countries as an example, the author outlines the difficulties presented by the development of a common terminology as a basis for the common reference levels and discusses some...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Quality Control, Student Certification, German, Regional Characteristics, Regional...
Transnational education (TNE) is becoming a phenomenon in the world of education in many countries. Morocco is included. The flourishing and spreading of many foreign educational institutions, products, and activities is becoming noticeable. As an Islamic nation, Morocco has long maintained its business and educational ties with different foreign nations. It has also maintained its traditional means of education alongside the adapted European style of education which spread all over the country...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Global Approach, Gender Issues, Cultural Context, Cultural...
Pre-school education, which ordinarily is supposed to be the foundation stone of our education system, is wholly left in the hands of private operators to manage with no supervisory authority over them, a situation that has led to poor standards and quality. It was emphasised that if pre-school education is to serve its stated purposes of making the children to have an effective smooth transition from home to school; prepare the child for the primary level of education; inculcate social norms;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Preschool Education, Theories, Childrens Rights, International...
Vocabulary is the gateway to knowledge that unlocks the doors of sublime ideas to the readers. The competency on the lexical items of language plays a significant role in learning a new concept. Any learner who has excellent command over the use of vocabulary excels in his/her study of different subjects. Vocabulary learning is one of the important features of language learning and language use. In fact, it is what makes the essence of a language. Learning vocabulary is a natural and lifelong...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Vocabulary Development, Language Acquisition, Learning Strategies, English (Second...
After presenting some of the main arguments against certain narrow concepts of second language practice, this article argues that a broader concept of practice, still focused on form or even forms, but with due attention to form-meaning links and with appropriate sequencing of activities to ensure declarative knowledge first, followed by its proceduralization and (at least partial) automatization, is as relevant as ever. A brief overview is given of the range of activities that fall within this...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Individual Differences, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning,...
This paper explores some forms of inquiry that are becoming influential within teacher education. In particular, the document focuses on forms of inquiry variously called "stories,""narratives,""personal knowledge,""practical knowledge," or in one particular genre "personal practical knowledge." Storying and narratology are genres which allow movement beyond (or to the side) of the main paradigms of educational inquiry--with their numbers,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Broadcast Journalism, Cultural Context, Educational Experience, Educational Research,...
The review of research presented here examines studies based on Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis of linguistic relativity, which states that cultural traditions encourage certain types of thinking and are reinforced by structural characteristics of particular languages. Studies were selected for inclusion if: (1) the subjects were learners and speakers of languages from language families unrelated to their first languages; and (2) analysis was of semantic/cognitive/perceptual effects using the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Cultural Traits, Interlanguage, Language Research, Language Role,...
This module presents information for training paraprofessional school staff on providing cross-cultural support services to individuals with disabilities and their families. Both a facilitator's edition and a student's edition are provided. Chapter 1 offers an introduction to diversity and direct service and includes sections on terminology and cultural competence. Chapter 2 discusses self-identification and ways to learn about other cultures. Chapter 3 provides information on institutional...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Context, Cultural Differences, Cultural Influences,...
A study analyzed the discourse in a variety of Hong Kong newspapers to assess how an individual takes on the role of reader in relation to the rather complex public discourse of a daily newspaper, particularly in a multicultural, politically charged context. Four categories of newspaper (Hong Kong English, Hong Kong Chinese, non-Hong Kong Chinese, international) and their characteristics of format and distribution, particularly as they relate to the point of sale, are outlined. The writing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Audience Analysis, Cultural Context, Cultural Pluralism, Discourse Analysis, Foreign...
In America, a dichotomy of teaching philosophies which acknowledge the individual needs of children have produced approaches that are used in public school classrooms. The methods exemplify the dichotomous poles and combinations of both. These dichotomous teaching approaches are often referred to as the traditional methods or parts-specific approach and the whole language approach. This paper first describes the traditional approach, the roles of the student and teacher, and children's drawings...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Beginning Reading, Beginning Writing, Conventional Instruction, Cultural Context,...
