The new emphasis on combining language and culture teaching finds all teachers busy updating and improving their materials. However, feedback on how successful they are in their attempts is limited. Revealing insights into the image of Germany held by high school students can be gained from the 1974 and 1975 essays, written by applicants for the travel-study trips, on the following Landeskunde topics: (1) You would like to spend two months somewhere in West Germany. Which place would you pick,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Content Analysis, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Context, Cultural Education, Cultural...
TimeMap is a unique integration of database management, metadata and interactive maps, designed to contextualise and deliver cultural data through maps. TimeMap extends conventional maps with the time dimension, creating and animating maps "on-the-fly"; delivers them as a kiosk application or embedded in Web pages; links flexibly to detailed content in Web pages and databases; connects to a wide variety of data sources, including textual databases and scanned historical maps, situated...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Animation, Cultural Images, Culture, Database Design, Databases, Electronic...
This three-week high school American Literature lesson plan guides students to show how cultural artifacts from "The Grapes of Wrath" support one of the book's many themes. The teacher's guide describes the five lessons that constitute this lesson plan: (1) ethnography; (2) photo analysis; (3) oral history; (4) material artifacts and textual support; and (5) museum exhibition. Evaluation methods and extension activities are included. Contains links to a variety of resources. (PM)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Ethnography, Lesson Plans, Literary Criticism, Museums, Novels, Oral...
"Image to Word--Word to Image" is a professional development workshop which is part of the Pacific Center for the Arts and Humanities in Education (PCAHE) at the Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL). The program combines the cultural reality of the islands with educational research to create a vision in which visual arts and language arts are taught through one integrated curriculum. Image to Word seeks to do the following: improve language-arts skills such as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Activities, Childrens Literature, Cultural Context, Cultural Images, Elementary...
The hillbilly stereotype has created image distortions of Appalachian people and culture in mainstream America, in academia, and among mountain people themselves. This paper examines Appalachian student reactions to the stereotype and ways in which students can explore the concept and image of hillbilly and develop their cultural identity. Appalachian people are a hybridization of various ethnic groups, including Native Americans, Africans, and Scotch-Irish. The culture is carried forward by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Culture Conflict, Educational Practices, Elementary Secondary...
Based on ethnographic research on Puerto Ricans on the island and mainland, this paper examines why Nuyoricans' identities are disparaged by island and mainland Puerto Ricans. Nuyoricans are Puerto Ricans, especially in New York, who mix North American and Puerto Rican cultural traits. Many have grown up traveling between the island and mainland. One reason that Puerto Ricans tend to reject Nuyoricans is the negative stereotypes assigned to Nuyoricans from which other Puerto Ricans wish to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Differences, Cultural Images, Ethnic Stereotypes, Ethnicity, Hispanic...
This special issue of the Community College Humanities Review contains articles generated by National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institutes, held over several years. The institutes provided opportunities for academics from a variety of humanities disciplines and types of institutions to interact over an extended period of common study of topics associated with the encounters of European and indigenous cultures in the New World. The papers included are: (1) "Gender Relations and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Colleges, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Context, Cultural Differences,...
Cultural studies courses offered to undergraduate students of foreign languages tend to rely on canonical works that avoid sociopolitical perspectives and present the culture of the "Other" within the dominant world view. There is an urgent need to move from these traditional curricula to more engaging programs that capture the challenging postmodern articulations between language, culture, and social narratives. However, some initial student resistance to the change is to be...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Colonialism, Consciousness Raising, Cultural Images, Higher Education, Ideology,...
The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights calls for an end to the use of Native American images and team names by non-Native schools. While respecting the right to freedom of expression, the Commission believes that the use of Native American images and nicknames in school is insensitive and should be avoided. In addition, these mascots may violate anti-discrimination laws. Since the 1960s, many overtly derogatory symbols and images offensive to African Americans have been eliminated. However, many...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Colleges, Cultural Images, Educational Environment, Elementary...
This paper presents suggestions for a 60-hour course in intercultural communication that develops cognition skills needed to understand life in foreign countries. The initial part of the course is intended to heighten the participant's awareness of his or her own "home-culture"; the latter part concentrates on assumptions, values, and behaviors of the "target-culture." Although the course described herein is designed for culturally homogeneous classes in the Middle East, it...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Body Language, Communication Skills, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Background,...
The Sixth Annual Children and the Media Conference, hosted by Children Now, focused on the media's role and potential influence on boys. This report highlights the thinking of participating advocates, academics, entertainment industry leaders, and children. Following excerpts from a keynote address by William Pollack of Harvard Medical School, the report summarizes themes that emerged from the panel discussions through five classic media icons: (1) "The Joker"; (2) "The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Attitudes, Adolescents, Audience Response, Childhood Attitudes, Children,...
Children Now, with the UCLA Center for Communication Policy and Stanford University, hosted the fifth annual Children and the Media Conference. The conference focused on the intersections among race, class, children, and the media. This report highlights the thinking of participating executives, producers, writers, advocates, academics, and children, and parallels the conference structure. Each of five panels is featured; brief "panel perspectives" precede a sampling of quotes,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Attitudes, Adolescents, Audience Response, Childhood Attitudes, Children,...
A critical examination of the colonial education of American Indians unearths the roots of many stereotypical beliefs about the culture and capabilities of Native Americans. Deep-seated ideas and practices that were accepted as natural by past colonizers continue to undergird contemporary stereotypes about American Indians. The tenets of colonial education were not based on natural truths but were culturally constructed to serve specific agendas of the colonizing nations. These tenets were that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Acculturation, American Indian Education, American Indians, Boarding Schools,...
This paper examines the ways in which multicultural art education, the curriculum of "Multiculturalism Canada" and a renowned instructional text lack indigenous consideration and ignore alternative concepts of scholarship of art history. Although multicultural education is considered important in Canada, the paper contends that there are significant problems in its implementation. Inappropriate rationale of the curriculum and insufficient knowledge have a tendency to promote...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Education, Asian Studies, Chinese Culture, Cultural Images, Elementary Secondary...
This paper examines constructs of school violence among 11 teachers in a large urban secondary school and a large rural district high school. It describes how these teachers contextualize their particular schools, and explores contradictions between teachers' constructions of violence in schools in general and their particular constructions of violence in their own schools. To assist children in acquiring appropriate social skills, teachers need to be aware of various definitions of violence,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Aggression, Cultural Images, Culture Lag, Foreign Countries, High School Students,...
The Disney film "Pocahontas" appears to be an attempt to respond to growing cultural diversity, calls for multiculturalism, and strong female role models in the United States. This paper provides an analysis of the film, examining how Disney's claims to the creation of positive, pro-social representations of women and Native Americans in "Pocahontas" hold up or collapse when viewed from a critical feminist perspective. The paper first looks at the historical background of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Females, Feminist Criticism,...
A guide for college instructors and part of an in-progress book, this document illustrates the effectiveness of humor and graphic art in enhancing presentations and promoting learning. Graphic aids and the combination of verbal and visual materials provide excellent supplements to college lectures and discussions, and help communicate concepts by appealing to more than one sense and learning style. The author encourages positive images of people from various races, abilities, body types and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Instruction, Comics (Publications), Community Colleges, Computer Graphics,...
Passed in November 1994, California's Proposition 187 was intended to deny public school education and health care to undocumented immigrants and their children. The rhetoric of current anti-immigrant hysteria has shifted from that of recent decades and relies on both racist and sexist imagery. This narrative shift, with its emphasis on women and public resources, can be seen as a reaction to the transformation of Mexican migration from a predominantly sojourner pattern to the widespread...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Elementary Secondary Education, Ethnic Bias, Females, Hispanic...
Eleven cemeteries in Wyoming are examined for visuals pertaining to life in the West. The purpose is to demonstrate the importance of Western culture tradition evidenced through tombstone symbolism--representations of the activities and environments of the living through the memory provided by the deceased. The visual symbols found on the tombstones are presented in the following categories: environment, artifacts, and people. Environmental features that occurred most frequently were related to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Cultural Traits, Imagery, Pictorial Stimuli, Social Influences,...
This paper introduces five concepts that guide teachers' and students' critical inquiry in the understanding of media and visual representation. In a step-by-step process, the paper illustrates how these five concepts can become a tool with which to critique and examine film images of indigenous people. The Sani are indigenous people of the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa. The culture, language and social life of the Sani has been represented in the film, "The Gods Must Be Crazy"...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Critical Thinking, Critical Viewing, Cultural Images, Ethnic Groups, Film Criticism,...
Before the invention of film, a stereotypical perception of Native Americans was embodied in art, fiction, and entertainment. Stereotyping of Native Americans can be categorized under three major themes: (1) the history of Native Americans compressed and portrayed under a single period of time; (2) Native cultures interpreted through white values; and (3) the grouping of the more than 600 different Native American societies under one general category. Because of its ability to present moving...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Cultural Images, Film Production, Films, Labeling (of Persons),...
Despite burgeoning literature that acknowledges the importance of the principalship in achieving and maintaining school effectiveness, principals have been depicted unfavorably in film and television as insecure autocrats, petty bureaucrats, and classic buffoons. This paper presents findings of a study that not only catalogued images of principals in selected movies and situation comedies on television, but also investigated the motivations behind, and the construction and reception of, such...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Bureaucracy, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Elementary...
A pathological image of the African American has infiltrated U.S. education. With desegregation and the arrival of African American children in white America's schools has come the application of psychological and educational labels that create and constrain the educational experiences of the African American child. These labels have not evolved in an ideological vacuum. They reflect the nature of schools as sites of unequal distribution of economic and cultural capital and they hide the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Students, Cultural Images, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education,...
Each chapter of this document describes a different project and approach for introducing students (elementary to high school) to oral history and folk arts. All chapters use a standard format in which a general overview of the project, describing themes, philosophies, and methods are followed by sample lesson plans, teacher guidelines, and student materials. The six chapters offer: (1) "Folklife in Education Program: Groton Center for the Arts" (Janice Gadaire) explains and uses basic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art, Art Education, Creative Writing, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Images, Elementary...
The growing diversity of school populations demands that administrators possess not only an understanding of the role of culture in creating school climate, but also the skills and desire to apply that knowledge. In addition, there is a need to increase the number of American Indian role models in teaching and educational administration. This paper explores the meanings of culture and world view and their role in creating climate, examines the roles of administrators as cultural mediators, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Role, American Indian Culture, American...
Sixty-nine School Journals, magazines for New Zealand students from 7 to 13 years old, were surveyed to examine the representation of ethnic groups and cultures. The magazine issues from 1979 and 1987-1990 featured 760 items (e.g., stories, articles, poems, songs, and plays) were analyzed for the activities, languages, roles, age, and gender of ethnic groups. The findings suggest that the use of Maori characters, language and concepts in non-stylized form has increased while non-Maori character...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Content Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Images,...
In 1927 the Brazilian modernist writer, Jose Bento Monteiro Lobato, traveled to New York City with his family, where he took up a position as economic attache at the Brazilian Consulate. For 4 years he and his family lived in Jackson Heights, while he worked and observed the feverish activity that was making the United States the foremost and most modern country in the world. His many letters back home to Brazil to his closest friends and relatives are filled with the images of a great city,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Images, Letters (Correspondence), Literary Genres,...
As teachers gravitate more and more to the use of literature and strive to include a range of cultural experiences in their classrooms, the use of poetry from various cultural groups should be considered. Poetry is a very real means of having children see themselves and others as being both unique and yet the same. In considering poetry across cultures, African-American, Native American, Hispanic American, and Asian poetry can be selected and shared with children. To successfully share poetry...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Literature, Black Literature, Cultural Differences, Cultural Images,...
This unit provides a bibliography and lesson ideas on Indian culture for integration into the literature curriculum. The bibliography includes essays, novels, short stories, poetry, and videos, many by Indian authors. The unit is designed for high school students but could be adapted to other levels. This unit could be incorporated with a study of India's land, history, and geography, or used with cultural comparisons. (EH)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Asian Studies, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Cultural...
This ethnographic study examines the process of cultural colonialism and the effects of cultural colonialist institutions in West Virginia on the mountain culture arts and artists. Interviews, observations, written material, and video recordings were used to substantiate interviews with artists and institutional administrators. Interpretation of local art forms by outsiders and issues of understanding, presentation, and stereotyping of local culture and artists were examined. Conflict and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Aesthetic Values, Art, Artists,...
This practicum was designed to increase the cultural awareness of fourth-grade students of contributions to American society by those of different races and colors. The program consisted of an integrated 12-week curriculum and a variety of materials allowing students to conceptualize the diversity of America. Students were exposed to other cultures through literature, computer programs, research, and class discussion. The "Person or People of the Week" theme allowed discussion of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indians, Black Culture, Black Leadership, Blacks,...
Teaching from an antibias perspective means going beyond conventional multicultural education and introducing students to a working concept of diversity that challenges social stereotypes and discrimination. This digest describes current inadequacies in teaching about Native Americans, suggests ways to avoid common pitfalls, and provides guidelines for detecting anti-Indian bias in instructional materials. Three obstacles to providing better instruction about American Indians and Alaska Natives...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alaska Natives, American Indians, Consciousness Raising, Cultural Awareness, Cultural...
Television programs are increasingly featuring information technologies like computers as significant narrative devices, including the use of computer-based technologies as virtual worlds or environments in which characters interact, the use of computers as tools in problem solving and confronting conflict, and characters that are part human, part machine. The television programs include science fiction shows, commercials, and children's shows. Within the state-of-the-art worlds of these...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alienation, Characterization, Childhood Attitudes, Computers, Cultural Differences,...
This primer on multicultural education pedagogy reports on the knowledge base for multicultural education, and challenges and critiques teacher educators. An introduction describes the demographic and intellectual context for multicultural education, outlines the composition of the primer, and argues that the primer is primarily an exercise in "imaging" to develop an intellectual, emotional, and ethical force for teacher educators. Part 1, "Markers in the Multicultural Teacher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Education Courses, Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education,...
A study focused on the image in children's fiction of the two largest minority groups in the United States: Americans and Hispanic Americans. It was descriptive in nature, employing quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Four research questions were developed to determine the treatment of two minority populations in contemporary children's trade books listed by the Children's Book Council with respect to image, characteristics, and stereotyping. The sample consisted of 10 Hispanic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Blacks, Childrens Literature, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Elementary...
Many historical and traditional symbols are recorded in cemeteries. The symbols and motifs on tombstones profile individual lives, but they also convey information regarding a society's order, values, religious practices, and realities at the time of the individual's death. The primary goals of this research effort were to identify a variety of visuals found on tombstones, to look for patterns and categories of use, and to attempt to ascertain societal meanings of the these icons. Data...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Background, Cultural Images, Cultural Relevance, Data Collection, Death,...
STUDIES OF CREATIVITY AND OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN CHILDREN HAVE SUGGESTED THE PRESENCE OF SLUMPS (OR INVERSIONS) WHICH MAY BE CORRELATED WITH DEVELOPMENTAL TRANSITIONS. THE MOST NOTABLE OF THESE OCCURS AT ABOUT THE FOURTH GRADE AND IS THE OBJECT OF THIS STUDY. THREE SETS OF INVESTIGATIONS WERE UNDERTAKEN--(1) A STUDY OF CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN 7 CULTURES, (2) A STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONFORMITY TENDENCIES, AND (3) LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT. THE 7 CULTURES...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior Development, Comparative Education, Conformity, Creative Development,...
THIS IS THE FINAL REPORT OF AN EMPIRICAL INQUIRY INTO THE WHITE, URBAN, ELEMENTARY AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL CHILD'S PATTERNS OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION. THE EMPHASIS HAS BEEN ON THOSE COGNITIVE AND ATTITUDINAL ELEMENTS WHICH LATER PRODUCE DIFFUSE SUPPORT FOR THE POLITICAL SYSTEM. THE STUDY IS BASED ON THE RESPONSES OF 12,052 SECOND THROUGH EIGHTH GRADE CHILDREN IN WHITE, URBAN, PUBLIC SCHOOLS TO QUESTIONNAIRES ADMINISTERED DURING 1961 AND 1962. THE RESPONDENTS TO THE QUESTIONNAIRES CAME FROM 8...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Child Development, Children, Concept Formation, Cultural Images,...
IN ORDER TO FIND A SYNTHESIS FOR PRACTICAL INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE TEACHING OF FOREIGN CIVILIZATION IN LANGUAGE PROGRAMS, SPECIFIC MEASURES MUST BE TAKEN TO COORDINATE ALL RELATED EFFORTS IN MAKING USE OF EXISTING RESOURCES AND TO DEFINE THE RELEVANT FUTURE NEEDS AND RESOURCES OF THE PROFESSION. EASY ACCESSIBILITY TO INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A SMOOTH, EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF RESEARCH, STUDY, DOCUMENTATION, AND ACTION WOULD ASSIST THE TEACHER IMMEASURABLY IN UPDATING AND IMPROVING HIS...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cooperative Programs, Coordination, Cross Cultural Training, Cultural Awareness,...
This report is a continuation of a research project, begun by B. Spolsky and E. Migliazza in the English as a Foreign Language Program at Indiana University, designed to show that foreign students whose overall integrative motivation is high (+IM) have achieved a higher standard of English proficiency than those whose integrative motivation is low (-IM). The purpose of this report is to relate the English proficiency and bicultural attitudes of Japanese students who have all studied English for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Culture, Attitudes, Biculturalism, College Students, Cultural Differences,...
The place of the English language in contemporary Africa is changing. English has spread rapidly, but, at the same time, the indigenous languages have remained and have grown in strength because of an increase in population and an awakening of national consciousness. A developing country must have a national language, whether English or native, to achieve (1) national unity, (2) contacts with other nations, and (3) an effective educational system. Due to contacts with English-speaking countries...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African Culture, African Languages, Bilingual Education, Bilingual Teachers,...
THIS IS A FOLLOWUP OF A STUDY CONDUCTED IN 1960 OF SELECTED TEXTBOOK PUBLISHERS TO ASCERTAIN IF THERE HAS BEEN A CHANGE IN THEIR EDITORIAL, ARTISTIC, AND PUBLISHING VIEWS AND PRACTICES REGARDING THE USE OF MULTIRACIAL PICTURES IN ELEMENTARY TEXTBOOKS. IT IS ALSO AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT VIEWS AND PRACTICES OF OTHER MAJOR TEXTBOOK PUBLISHERS REGARDING THE USE OF VARIOUS ETHNIC GROUPS (ESPECIALLY MINORITIES) IN BOOKS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN. TWENTY-SIX FIRMS WERE SENT QUESTIONNAIRES,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Elementary Education, Illustrations, Marketing, Minority Groups,...
The distinction between the value system and the unconsciously held assumptions of a culture is clarified in this paper. The underlying structure of the sociocultural whole of a particular society leads the author to explore culture's "ground of meaning" in terms of main themes. A tentative summary of the value system of French culture is proposed under 12 of these main themes which include: (1) individualism, (2) intellectualism, (3) art of living, (4) realism, (5) "le bon...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Images, Cultural Influences, Cultural...
This study deals with selected ethnographic and other methods used in research on Afro-American communities in the United States. After a review of the conclusions of psychologists on Afro-American culture, it is contended that the best method of enquiry is that of ethnography, and that, even though the ethnographic method has been hitherto used, the studies completed have been partial ethnographic studies because the researchers have neither lived in the community studied nor studied a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anthropology, Biculturalism, Black Community, Black Culture, Cultural Images,...
Marshall McLuhan's belief that our electric age is moving away from literacy entails unconvincing theories about the relationship of man to communications media. One such doctrine is that society has always been influenced more by the nature of the media than by the content of the message communicated. McLuhan divides media into two types: hot media which feed a single sense with a message full of facts and which are low in participation; cool media which give few facts and require the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communications, Cultural Context, Cultural Images, Learning Theories, Literacy,...
This article sets forth a hypothesis and methodology for the analysis of culture and specific cultural systems. Viewing man as a mammal, a member of society, and a participant in culture, the authors construct a framework of culture analysis which examines the content, structure, integration, and configurations of culture; and syntheses of cultural systems. The establishment of a frame of reference which permits an analysis of any culture is noted to be the principle purpose of this article. A...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior Theories, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Background, Cultural Differences,...
Several different approaches have been taken to cross-cultural training in Peace Corps Training programs. Three of these might be referred to as the intellectual model (consisting of lectures on the host country culture), the area simulation model (placing the trainees in a surrounding which in some way resembles the country in which they will be working), and the self-awareness model (providing sensitivity training in the hope that it will make the trainee receptive to a new environment). A...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Cross Cultural Training, Cultural Images, Cultural Influences, Lecture...
Children's fiction written between 1945 and 1962 was analyzed for current stereotypes of minority Americans, and the results were compared with related studies of adult fiction and school textbooks. Two analytic instruments were applied to 114 minority characters selected from 42 children's books about American Indians, Chinese, Japanese, Negroes, and Spanish Americans currently living in the United States. In this sampling, virtually no negative stereotypes of minority Americans were found;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Blacks, Books, Childrens Literature, Chinese Americans, Cultural...
Pre- and post-travel questionnaires mailed to American tourists visiting the Soviet Union record attitude change and serve as the basis for this eight-chapter research project report. Most of the report considers the relation of various factors to attitude change, including education, level of information, language ability, sex, age, occupation, and income. Several chapters are devoted to Americans' perceptions of the Soviet people, government, discussions of research methodology, research...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Attitudes, Beliefs, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Awareness,...
A teacher's developing awareness of his college students' dependence on jargon as the expression of their culture is portrayed with the aid of quotations from Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." Parallels are drawn between Prufrock's attitudes and student language in the classroom. (AF)
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Students, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Images, Cultural Traits, English...
