TimeMap is a unique integration of database management, metadata and interactive maps, designed to contextualise and deliver cultural data through maps. TimeMap extends conventional maps with the time dimension, creating and animating maps "on-the-fly"; delivers them as a kiosk application or embedded in Web pages; links flexibly to detailed content in Web pages and databases; connects to a wide variety of data sources, including textual databases and scanned historical maps, situated...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Animation, Cultural Images, Culture, Database Design, Databases, Electronic...
This three-week high school American Literature lesson plan guides students to show how cultural artifacts from "The Grapes of Wrath" support one of the book's many themes. The teacher's guide describes the five lessons that constitute this lesson plan: (1) ethnography; (2) photo analysis; (3) oral history; (4) material artifacts and textual support; and (5) museum exhibition. Evaluation methods and extension activities are included. Contains links to a variety of resources. (PM)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Ethnography, Lesson Plans, Literary Criticism, Museums, Novels, Oral...
The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights calls for an end to the use of Native American images and team names by non-Native schools. While respecting the right to freedom of expression, the Commission believes that the use of Native American images and nicknames in school is insensitive and should be avoided. In addition, these mascots may violate anti-discrimination laws. Since the 1960s, many overtly derogatory symbols and images offensive to African Americans have been eliminated. However, many...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Colleges, Cultural Images, Educational Environment, Elementary...
The hillbilly stereotype has created image distortions of Appalachian people and culture in mainstream America, in academia, and among mountain people themselves. This paper examines Appalachian student reactions to the stereotype and ways in which students can explore the concept and image of hillbilly and develop their cultural identity. Appalachian people are a hybridization of various ethnic groups, including Native Americans, Africans, and Scotch-Irish. The culture is carried forward by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Culture Conflict, Educational Practices, Elementary Secondary...
"Image to Word--Word to Image" is a professional development workshop which is part of the Pacific Center for the Arts and Humanities in Education (PCAHE) at the Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL). The program combines the cultural reality of the islands with educational research to create a vision in which visual arts and language arts are taught through one integrated curriculum. Image to Word seeks to do the following: improve language-arts skills such as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Activities, Childrens Literature, Cultural Context, Cultural Images, Elementary...
Based on ethnographic research on Puerto Ricans on the island and mainland, this paper examines why Nuyoricans' identities are disparaged by island and mainland Puerto Ricans. Nuyoricans are Puerto Ricans, especially in New York, who mix North American and Puerto Rican cultural traits. Many have grown up traveling between the island and mainland. One reason that Puerto Ricans tend to reject Nuyoricans is the negative stereotypes assigned to Nuyoricans from which other Puerto Ricans wish to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Differences, Cultural Images, Ethnic Stereotypes, Ethnicity, Hispanic...
Cultural studies courses offered to undergraduate students of foreign languages tend to rely on canonical works that avoid sociopolitical perspectives and present the culture of the "Other" within the dominant world view. There is an urgent need to move from these traditional curricula to more engaging programs that capture the challenging postmodern articulations between language, culture, and social narratives. However, some initial student resistance to the change is to be...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Colonialism, Consciousness Raising, Cultural Images, Higher Education, Ideology,...
The Sixth Annual Children and the Media Conference, hosted by Children Now, focused on the media's role and potential influence on boys. This report highlights the thinking of participating advocates, academics, entertainment industry leaders, and children. Following excerpts from a keynote address by William Pollack of Harvard Medical School, the report summarizes themes that emerged from the panel discussions through five classic media icons: (1) "The Joker"; (2) "The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Attitudes, Adolescents, Audience Response, Childhood Attitudes, Children,...
A critical examination of the colonial education of American Indians unearths the roots of many stereotypical beliefs about the culture and capabilities of Native Americans. Deep-seated ideas and practices that were accepted as natural by past colonizers continue to undergird contemporary stereotypes about American Indians. The tenets of colonial education were not based on natural truths but were culturally constructed to serve specific agendas of the colonizing nations. These tenets were that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Acculturation, American Indian Education, American Indians, Boarding Schools,...
This paper presents suggestions for a 60-hour course in intercultural communication that develops cognition skills needed to understand life in foreign countries. The initial part of the course is intended to heighten the participant's awareness of his or her own "home-culture"; the latter part concentrates on assumptions, values, and behaviors of the "target-culture." Although the course described herein is designed for culturally homogeneous classes in the Middle East, it...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Body Language, Communication Skills, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Background,...
This special issue of the Community College Humanities Review contains articles generated by National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institutes, held over several years. The institutes provided opportunities for academics from a variety of humanities disciplines and types of institutions to interact over an extended period of common study of topics associated with the encounters of European and indigenous cultures in the New World. The papers included are: (1) "Gender Relations and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Colleges, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Context, Cultural Differences,...
Children Now, with the UCLA Center for Communication Policy and Stanford University, hosted the fifth annual Children and the Media Conference. The conference focused on the intersections among race, class, children, and the media. This report highlights the thinking of participating executives, producers, writers, advocates, academics, and children, and parallels the conference structure. Each of five panels is featured; brief "panel perspectives" precede a sampling of quotes,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Attitudes, Adolescents, Audience Response, Childhood Attitudes, Children,...
This paper examines constructs of school violence among 11 teachers in a large urban secondary school and a large rural district high school. It describes how these teachers contextualize their particular schools, and explores contradictions between teachers' constructions of violence in schools in general and their particular constructions of violence in their own schools. To assist children in acquiring appropriate social skills, teachers need to be aware of various definitions of violence,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Aggression, Cultural Images, Culture Lag, Foreign Countries, High School Students,...
A guide for college instructors and part of an in-progress book, this document illustrates the effectiveness of humor and graphic art in enhancing presentations and promoting learning. Graphic aids and the combination of verbal and visual materials provide excellent supplements to college lectures and discussions, and help communicate concepts by appealing to more than one sense and learning style. The author encourages positive images of people from various races, abilities, body types and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Instruction, Comics (Publications), Community Colleges, Computer Graphics,...
In 1927 the Brazilian modernist writer, Jose Bento Monteiro Lobato, traveled to New York City with his family, where he took up a position as economic attache at the Brazilian Consulate. For 4 years he and his family lived in Jackson Heights, while he worked and observed the feverish activity that was making the United States the foremost and most modern country in the world. His many letters back home to Brazil to his closest friends and relatives are filled with the images of a great city,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Images, Letters (Correspondence), Literary Genres,...
Despite burgeoning literature that acknowledges the importance of the principalship in achieving and maintaining school effectiveness, principals have been depicted unfavorably in film and television as insecure autocrats, petty bureaucrats, and classic buffoons. This paper presents findings of a study that not only catalogued images of principals in selected movies and situation comedies on television, but also investigated the motivations behind, and the construction and reception of, such...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Bureaucracy, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Elementary...
This paper examines the ways in which multicultural art education, the curriculum of "Multiculturalism Canada" and a renowned instructional text lack indigenous consideration and ignore alternative concepts of scholarship of art history. Although multicultural education is considered important in Canada, the paper contends that there are significant problems in its implementation. Inappropriate rationale of the curriculum and insufficient knowledge have a tendency to promote...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art Education, Asian Studies, Chinese Culture, Cultural Images, Elementary Secondary...
Eleven cemeteries in Wyoming are examined for visuals pertaining to life in the West. The purpose is to demonstrate the importance of Western culture tradition evidenced through tombstone symbolism--representations of the activities and environments of the living through the memory provided by the deceased. The visual symbols found on the tombstones are presented in the following categories: environment, artifacts, and people. Environmental features that occurred most frequently were related to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Cultural Traits, Imagery, Pictorial Stimuli, Social Influences,...
As teachers gravitate more and more to the use of literature and strive to include a range of cultural experiences in their classrooms, the use of poetry from various cultural groups should be considered. Poetry is a very real means of having children see themselves and others as being both unique and yet the same. In considering poetry across cultures, African-American, Native American, Hispanic American, and Asian poetry can be selected and shared with children. To successfully share poetry...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Literature, Black Literature, Cultural Differences, Cultural Images,...
This paper introduces five concepts that guide teachers' and students' critical inquiry in the understanding of media and visual representation. In a step-by-step process, the paper illustrates how these five concepts can become a tool with which to critique and examine film images of indigenous people. The Sani are indigenous people of the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa. The culture, language and social life of the Sani has been represented in the film, "The Gods Must Be Crazy"...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Critical Thinking, Critical Viewing, Cultural Images, Ethnic Groups, Film Criticism,...
Before the invention of film, a stereotypical perception of Native Americans was embodied in art, fiction, and entertainment. Stereotyping of Native Americans can be categorized under three major themes: (1) the history of Native Americans compressed and portrayed under a single period of time; (2) Native cultures interpreted through white values; and (3) the grouping of the more than 600 different Native American societies under one general category. Because of its ability to present moving...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Cultural Images, Film Production, Films, Labeling (of Persons),...
Teaching from an antibias perspective means going beyond conventional multicultural education and introducing students to a working concept of diversity that challenges social stereotypes and discrimination. This digest describes current inadequacies in teaching about Native Americans, suggests ways to avoid common pitfalls, and provides guidelines for detecting anti-Indian bias in instructional materials. Three obstacles to providing better instruction about American Indians and Alaska Natives...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alaska Natives, American Indians, Consciousness Raising, Cultural Awareness, Cultural...
The Disney film "Pocahontas" appears to be an attempt to respond to growing cultural diversity, calls for multiculturalism, and strong female role models in the United States. This paper provides an analysis of the film, examining how Disney's claims to the creation of positive, pro-social representations of women and Native Americans in "Pocahontas" hold up or collapse when viewed from a critical feminist perspective. The paper first looks at the historical background of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Females, Feminist Criticism,...
Passed in November 1994, California's Proposition 187 was intended to deny public school education and health care to undocumented immigrants and their children. The rhetoric of current anti-immigrant hysteria has shifted from that of recent decades and relies on both racist and sexist imagery. This narrative shift, with its emphasis on women and public resources, can be seen as a reaction to the transformation of Mexican migration from a predominantly sojourner pattern to the widespread...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Elementary Secondary Education, Ethnic Bias, Females, Hispanic...
The growing diversity of school populations demands that administrators possess not only an understanding of the role of culture in creating school climate, but also the skills and desire to apply that knowledge. In addition, there is a need to increase the number of American Indian role models in teaching and educational administration. This paper explores the meanings of culture and world view and their role in creating climate, examines the roles of administrators as cultural mediators, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Role, American Indian Culture, American...
This primer on multicultural education pedagogy reports on the knowledge base for multicultural education, and challenges and critiques teacher educators. An introduction describes the demographic and intellectual context for multicultural education, outlines the composition of the primer, and argues that the primer is primarily an exercise in "imaging" to develop an intellectual, emotional, and ethical force for teacher educators. Part 1, "Markers in the Multicultural Teacher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Education Courses, Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education,...
A pathological image of the African American has infiltrated U.S. education. With desegregation and the arrival of African American children in white America's schools has come the application of psychological and educational labels that create and constrain the educational experiences of the African American child. These labels have not evolved in an ideological vacuum. They reflect the nature of schools as sites of unequal distribution of economic and cultural capital and they hide the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Students, Cultural Images, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education,...
Television programs are increasingly featuring information technologies like computers as significant narrative devices, including the use of computer-based technologies as virtual worlds or environments in which characters interact, the use of computers as tools in problem solving and confronting conflict, and characters that are part human, part machine. The television programs include science fiction shows, commercials, and children's shows. Within the state-of-the-art worlds of these...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alienation, Characterization, Childhood Attitudes, Computers, Cultural Differences,...
A study focused on the image in children's fiction of the two largest minority groups in the United States: Americans and Hispanic Americans. It was descriptive in nature, employing quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Four research questions were developed to determine the treatment of two minority populations in contemporary children's trade books listed by the Children's Book Council with respect to image, characteristics, and stereotyping. The sample consisted of 10 Hispanic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Blacks, Childrens Literature, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Elementary...
This ethnographic study examines the process of cultural colonialism and the effects of cultural colonialist institutions in West Virginia on the mountain culture arts and artists. Interviews, observations, written material, and video recordings were used to substantiate interviews with artists and institutional administrators. Interpretation of local art forms by outsiders and issues of understanding, presentation, and stereotyping of local culture and artists were examined. Conflict and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Aesthetic Values, Art, Artists,...
A study investigated the impact of popular culture on young children's conception of gender, as revealed through the stories they write and tell. The research was conducted at Grosse Ile High School on the remote Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Quebec, Canada, from 1991-1994 with 46 students ages 6-7 years old. The concept of the child as expert informant to promote understanding of how children learn through stories was the guiding principle of the study. Results showed that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Behavior, Childrens Literature, Childrens Writing, Creative Writing, Cultural...
During the past 10 years, a Japanese instructor at an American university has learned to use her cultural background to her advantage. As a graduate student at Bowling Green State University (Ohio), she first perceived her background as an obstacle to her teaching and tried to pretend that she was not different from other faculty. But this mindset did not change students' perceptions of her, nor did it help their learning. Thus, she began to consider her role at a predominantly white university...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Communication, Cultural Background, Cultural Differences, Cultural Images,...
This practicum was designed to increase the cultural awareness of fourth-grade students of contributions to American society by those of different races and colors. The program consisted of an integrated 12-week curriculum and a variety of materials allowing students to conceptualize the diversity of America. Students were exposed to other cultures through literature, computer programs, research, and class discussion. The "Person or People of the Week" theme allowed discussion of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indians, Black Culture, Black Leadership, Blacks,...
Reporting on a pilot study of urban junior high students, this report examines the way young people acquire perceptions of their own and other nations and attempts to identify the sources of those ideas. This action research approach used a survey research instrument with a 20-item semantic differential form to measure students' knowledge of and judgments about the United States, Canada, and Russia. In this 1991-92 pilot study, a convenience sample of 163 New York metropolitan area middle and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Classroom Research, Comparative Analysis, Cultural Images, Educational...
This unit provides a bibliography and lesson ideas on Indian culture for integration into the literature curriculum. The bibliography includes essays, novels, short stories, poetry, and videos, many by Indian authors. The unit is designed for high school students but could be adapted to other levels. This unit could be incorporated with a study of India's land, history, and geography, or used with cultural comparisons. (EH)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Asian Studies, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Cultural...
Many historical and traditional symbols are recorded in cemeteries. The symbols and motifs on tombstones profile individual lives, but they also convey information regarding a society's order, values, religious practices, and realities at the time of the individual's death. The primary goals of this research effort were to identify a variety of visuals found on tombstones, to look for patterns and categories of use, and to attempt to ascertain societal meanings of the these icons. Data...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Background, Cultural Images, Cultural Relevance, Data Collection, Death,...
Familiarity with specific images or sets of images plays a role in a culture's visual heritage. Two questions can be asked about this type of visual literacy: Is this a type of knowledge that is worth building into the formal educational curriculum of our schools? What are the educational implications of visual literacy? There is a three-part educational rationale to these questions. First, knowing about the conventional implications of certain images might make viewers more resistant to the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Advertising, Cultural Images, Cultural Influences, Curriculum, Educational Benefits,...
A study examined the relationship between amount of television viewing and recognition of stereotypes. Subjects, 60 undergraduate students enrolled in mass media, advertising, and public relations classes at Indiana University, viewed movies produced by United States production companies but set in developing nations. After each movie, students completed questionnaires and participated in focus group discussions. Results indicated that: (1) subjects in general tended to rate "native"...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Developing Nations, Higher Education, Mass Media Effects, Mass Media...
By looking at three high school assemblies, this paper addresses the resolution of a tension generated by the interplay of the American egalitarian belief in the right of all persons to equal educational opportunities and the potentially countervailing belief in individualism and individual achievement. That is, while American society espouses a belief in the right of every citizen to equal educational opportunity, there are vast discrepancies in the educational outcomes experienced by its...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Access to Education, Assembly Programs, Beliefs, Cultural...
Noting that literature written for children and adolescents can help students gain an understanding of the Pacific Rim area and its people, this paper presents advice on selecting appropriate literature, a children's literature bibliography, and an adolescent literature bibliography. The paper notes that to select appropriate literature, a teacher should consider the general accuracy of the story line, lack of stereotypes, use of appropriate language rather than derogatory slang, accurate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Literature, Childrens Literature, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Context,...
This book examines the ways in which Chinese literature offers a vast array of prospects, new interpretations, new fields of study, and new themes for the study of women. As a result of the global movement toward greater recognition of gender equality and human dignity, the study of women as portrayed in Chinese literature has a long and rich history. A single volume cannot cover the enormous field but offers volume is a starting point for further research. Several renowned Chinese writers and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Chinese Culture, Cultural Images, Females, Folk Culture, Foreign Countries, Legends,...
In view of the vast amounts of Native American stereotyping that exists in the United States today, English teachers should analyze ways to reduce the effects of such stereotypes. Despite recent attempts to raise ethnic consciousness, American popular culture still perpetuates and reinforces Indian stereotypes, and these prevailing images block true perceptions of what American Indians really are. In the context of the English curriculum, English teachers can present literature in ways which...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Literature, American Indians, Cultural Differences, Cultural Images,...
This document presents an interview with Pam Martell, who coordinates educational services to Michigan's approximately 60,000 Native Americans. Since over 98 percent of Michigan's American Indian children attend public schools, Martell places a high priority on the quality of public education. Equally important is working on issues concerning student retention, policy development, negotiating pro-Indian legislation, community networking, implementing teacher inservices, attending Indian events,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indian Education, American Indians, Coordinators,...
This paper examines the portrayal of librarians in poetry written from 1958 to 1993 in order to find out whether technological and social changes which occurred during this period had any effect on the image of librarians. Content analysis was used in examining the 32 poems and the 36 librarians present in those poems. Adjectives and descriptions of the librarians were analyzed and evaluated to see whether the images were positive or negative and whether any change in the portrayal of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Librarians, Poetry, Role Perception, Stereotypes
The meaning of academic achievement for African American students was studied in 2 populations, a sample of 145 (53% males, 47% female) African American middle school and high school students in an African American Academy summer enrichment program and 45 African American high school seniors (36% males, 64% females) in a summer program for students trying to gain college admission. Student attitudes were measured with scales that assessed the feeling that academic success equals selling out and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Alienation, Behavior Patterns, Beliefs, Black Students, College...
Noting that children who learn to accept and value human diversity will develop the open, flexible approach to life that is needed in today's world, this book examines ways to help young children learn to appreciate cultural diversity in the classroom. Following introductory chapters on the value of diversity and a child's right to the valuing of diversity, the first part of the book examines educational goals and describes a unique, unfolding perspective on education that values human...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Environment, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Cultural Images,...
Designed to allow teachers and students to take a pro-active approach to learning about Cameroon, the guide is a starting point for research and discussion with information that enables students to identify patterns of culture and geography. In the first section, details on Africa and Cameroon provide information that can be personalized for each class depending on ages, other subjects being studied, and students' abilities and interests. The second section utilizes questions to encourage...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Cultural Activities, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Cultural...
This paper examines the portrayal of minority cultures in children's picture books. In picture books, the illustrations are as important as the text with respect to the meaning of the story. As a result, picture books have the potential to influence a child's view of other cultures. Currently, only three percent of picture books represent minority cultures. This results in two negative consequences: minority children may not see their own image reflected in books, and majority children may...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Childrens Literature, Cultural Enrichment, Cultural Images, Cultural Literacy,...
Photocopy humor is defined as any facsimile, photocopy, or wire-copy line drawing, iconography, or textual material that was drawn or written for distribution to a larger select audience using the available technology to disperse material intended to be humorous. Professional humor is excluded from this consideration. The content of photocopy humor gives insight into the individuals who create and share it and into the society that inspires it. Photocopy humor usually narrows in on...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Age Differences, Cartoons, Coding, Cultural Images, Ethnic Stereotypes, Humor,...
This paper examines the depiction of Alice in illustrated versions of "Alice in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll. The primary concern was to determine if the character of Alice had changed historically through the interpretation of different illustrators and to determine what the changes were and what their impact might have on the interpretation of the study. Eighteen different illustrators' versions of Alice published between 1965 and 1993 were analyzed. The analysis found that,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Artists, Authors, Childrens Literature, Cultural Images, Illustrations, Stereotypes
