This book examines the ways in which Chinese literature offers a vast array of prospects, new interpretations, new fields of study, and new themes for the study of women. As a result of the global movement toward greater recognition of gender equality and human dignity, the study of women as portrayed in Chinese literature has a long and rich history. A single volume cannot cover the enormous field but offers volume is a starting point for further research. Several renowned Chinese writers and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Chinese Culture, Cultural Images, Females, Folk Culture, Foreign Countries, Legends,...
The second largest group of minority women in the U.S., Mexican American women share multitudinous histories, vast differences in lifestyles, experiences and realities. A Chicana may have recently arrived from Mexico, or her ancestors may have been in the Southwest since 1520 (or before) or in the Midwest since the 1880's. She may be rural, urban, poor, middle class or Ph.D., a high school dropout, a teacher, or a migrant. She does share some basic, and heterogeneous, roots in the development...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement, Bibliographies, Cultural Images, Family Life, Females, Feminism, Life...
The California Indian Library Collections (CILC) was funded with the aim of returning unique cultural materials in three media types--sound recordings, photographs, and text--to California's Native Americans and making the collections available to all citizens through their local libraries. This document includes the first four volumes of the finding guide, produced to provide access to the data from the photographic data collection which includes more than 7500 photographs: (1) Volume 1...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indian History, American Indian Studies, Cultural...
This ethnographic study examines the process of cultural colonialism and the effects of cultural colonialist institutions in West Virginia on the mountain culture arts and artists. Interviews, observations, written material, and video recordings were used to substantiate interviews with artists and institutional administrators. Interpretation of local art forms by outsiders and issues of understanding, presentation, and stereotyping of local culture and artists were examined. Conflict and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Aesthetic Values, Art, Artists,...
This thesis focuses on the effects of the language of patriarchy on the power of Native American women, how these women have retained power in their own societies, and how an understanding of Native women's values can aid feminists. An examination of Native American women's literature provides a connecting bridge back to a time before patriarchy and shows how Native languages and oral tradition have nurtured Native culture and values. This literature frequently draws on Native mythology and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indian History, American Indian Literature,...
This "communication lexicon," a new source of information in the field of language and area studies, describes how selected themes such as family, society, work, and entertainment are perceived and understood by members of the Mexican, Colombian, and United States cultures. It identifies broad trends of perceptions and evaluations through analysis of related themes. The awareness it provides of differences in perceptual and motivational dispositions can be applied to educational and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitudes, Communication Research, Comparative Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies,...
STUDIES OF CREATIVITY AND OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN CHILDREN HAVE SUGGESTED THE PRESENCE OF SLUMPS (OR INVERSIONS) WHICH MAY BE CORRELATED WITH DEVELOPMENTAL TRANSITIONS. THE MOST NOTABLE OF THESE OCCURS AT ABOUT THE FOURTH GRADE AND IS THE OBJECT OF THIS STUDY. THREE SETS OF INVESTIGATIONS WERE UNDERTAKEN--(1) A STUDY OF CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN 7 CULTURES, (2) A STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONFORMITY TENDENCIES, AND (3) LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT. THE 7 CULTURES...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior Development, Comparative Education, Conformity, Creative Development,...
Offering insights and ideas for school leaders, the news media, and the public to consider, this book examines how the print and electronic media portray one of the crucial news stories of our time: the education of 50 million American youngsters. The book maintains that, while the school-media connection should be "a natural" for both sides despite the underlying incompatibility of a slow-moving story and a fast-breaking profession, the media provide only infrequent and perfunctory...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Elementary Secondary Education, Government School Relationship, Mass...
Each chapter of this document describes a different project and approach for introducing students (elementary to high school) to oral history and folk arts. All chapters use a standard format in which a general overview of the project, describing themes, philosophies, and methods are followed by sample lesson plans, teacher guidelines, and student materials. The six chapters offer: (1) "Folklife in Education Program: Groton Center for the Arts" (Janice Gadaire) explains and uses basic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art, Art Education, Creative Writing, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Images, Elementary...
THIS IS THE FINAL REPORT OF AN EMPIRICAL INQUIRY INTO THE WHITE, URBAN, ELEMENTARY AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL CHILD'S PATTERNS OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION. THE EMPHASIS HAS BEEN ON THOSE COGNITIVE AND ATTITUDINAL ELEMENTS WHICH LATER PRODUCE DIFFUSE SUPPORT FOR THE POLITICAL SYSTEM. THE STUDY IS BASED ON THE RESPONSES OF 12,052 SECOND THROUGH EIGHTH GRADE CHILDREN IN WHITE, URBAN, PUBLIC SCHOOLS TO QUESTIONNAIRES ADMINISTERED DURING 1961 AND 1962. THE RESPONDENTS TO THE QUESTIONNAIRES CAME FROM 8...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Child Development, Children, Concept Formation, Cultural Images,...
The California Indian Library Collections (CILC) was funded with the aim of returning unique cultural materials in three media types--sound recordings, photographs, and text--to California's Native Americans and making the collections available to all citizens through their local libraries. This document includes volumes 5-7 of the finding guide, produced to provide access to the data from the three CILC collections of sound recordings featuring dances, songs, and legends: Keeling Guide,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indian History, American Indian Studies, Audiotape...
Noting that children who learn to accept and value human diversity will develop the open, flexible approach to life that is needed in today's world, this book examines ways to help young children learn to appreciate cultural diversity in the classroom. Following introductory chapters on the value of diversity and a child's right to the valuing of diversity, the first part of the book examines educational goals and describes a unique, unfolding perspective on education that values human...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Environment, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Cultural Images,...
This monograph presents a critical essay and a comprehensive 454-item bibliography on the contemporary African-American filmmaker, Spike Lee. The essay, entitled "African-American Folklore and Cultural History in the Films of Spike Lee" (Gloria J. Gibson-Hudson), analyzes Lee's filmmaking approach from a cultural and historical perspective. The essay identifies Lee as a contemporary storyteller weaving his tales with the aid of a camera and demonstrates how his film narratives draw on...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Auteurism, Black Community, Black Culture, Black History, Cultural Images, Film...
The Sixth Annual Children and the Media Conference, hosted by Children Now, focused on the media's role and potential influence on boys. This report highlights the thinking of participating advocates, academics, entertainment industry leaders, and children. Following excerpts from a keynote address by William Pollack of Harvard Medical School, the report summarizes themes that emerged from the panel discussions through five classic media icons: (1) "The Joker"; (2) "The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Attitudes, Adolescents, Audience Response, Childhood Attitudes, Children,...
Before the invention of film, a stereotypical perception of Native Americans was embodied in art, fiction, and entertainment. Stereotyping of Native Americans can be categorized under three major themes: (1) the history of Native Americans compressed and portrayed under a single period of time; (2) Native cultures interpreted through white values; and (3) the grouping of the more than 600 different Native American societies under one general category. Because of its ability to present moving...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Cultural Images, Film Production, Films, Labeling (of Persons),...
This monograph examines the way in which ideas emerged and grew in the rhetorical process of creating an American people, and the ways in which the ideas were transformed into fundamental symbols that have exerted their influence throughout United States history. The first chapter analyzes certain discourses of the American Revolution to show the rhetorical strategy developed by the patriots with the goals of destroying the British ethos and, at the same time, creating a new American ethos. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Civil Rights, Cultural Images, Imperialism, Intellectual History, Persuasive...
The teacher's attention is focused on selected elements of Spanish culture which may be taught integrally with instructional materials found in the first-year Spanish texts "Entender y Hablar", "La Familia Fernandez", and "A-LM Spanish, Level One". Items are cross-referenced for 42 cultural concepts ranging from nicknames to streets, roads, and highways. The role of culture in foreign language teaching is elaborated with commentary on cultural phenomena and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Background, Cultural Education,...
This three-week high school American Literature lesson plan guides students to show how cultural artifacts from "The Grapes of Wrath" support one of the book's many themes. The teacher's guide describes the five lessons that constitute this lesson plan: (1) ethnography; (2) photo analysis; (3) oral history; (4) material artifacts and textual support; and (5) museum exhibition. Evaluation methods and extension activities are included. Contains links to a variety of resources. (PM)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Ethnography, Lesson Plans, Literary Criticism, Museums, Novels, Oral...
This paper examines the portrayal of minority cultures in children's picture books. In picture books, the illustrations are as important as the text with respect to the meaning of the story. As a result, picture books have the potential to influence a child's view of other cultures. Currently, only three percent of picture books represent minority cultures. This results in two negative consequences: minority children may not see their own image reflected in books, and majority children may...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Childrens Literature, Cultural Enrichment, Cultural Images, Cultural Literacy,...
Technologically the contemporary Japanese are among the most advanced people in the world. Initially, it was from the West that they acquired modern technology and science, but technology and science have not bridged the cultural gap that exists between Japanese and Americans. Both belong to democratic, capitalistic societies and they share many cultural values, but there are differences in their patterns of behavior which often are the source of misunderstanding and frustration. This document...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian History, Cultural Background, Cultural Context, Cultural Differences, Cultural...
The sourcebook is one of several supplementary materials for a 15-week newspaper course about popular culture in the United States. Program ideas and related resources compiled in the sourcebook are designed to help civic and group leaders and educators plan educational community programs based on the course topics. Section one describes ways in which the program can be used in community and academic programs. Section two, Suggestions and Aids for Educational Community Programs, suggests...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Broadcast Industry, Community Programs, Cultural Images, Culture,...
This journal issue focuses on insiders and outsiders in Appalachia, the mixing of cultures, and the diversity of the region. The lead article mixes memoir with analysis of the importance of home and homeplace to people from the Appalachians, many of whom are forced to leave permanently in search of work. A second article considers the strange contrast between outsiders' fascination with things Appalachian and some natives' desire to get rid of their country accent and country ways, pointing out...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Cultural Pluralism, Cultural Traits, Essays, Geographic Regions,...
Drawing data from a variety of sources, a study was undertaken to place China's propaganda activities in the United States during World War II into a historical perspective. Results showed that China's propaganda efforts consisted of official and unofficial activities and activities directed toward overseas Chinese. The official activities were carried out by the Chinese News Service and its branch offices in various American cities under the direction of the Ministry of Information's...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Foreign Countries, Information Sources, Media...
This special issue of the Community College Humanities Review contains articles generated by National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institutes, held over several years. The institutes provided opportunities for academics from a variety of humanities disciplines and types of institutions to interact over an extended period of common study of topics associated with the encounters of European and indigenous cultures in the New World. The papers included are: (1) "Gender Relations and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Colleges, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Context, Cultural Differences,...
Designed as supplementary reading material for Indian and non-Indian children in the elementary grades, this series of 21 booklets presents 36 stories and legends of Northwest tribes. Stories in this fourth level of the six-level series were developed cooperatively by Indian people of reservations in the Pacific Northwest. Booklets range from 7 to 61 pages in length and contain numerous illustrations by Indian artists. The stories are grouped together by type: (1) stories that explain natural...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indian Literature, American Indians, Childrens...
Methods and resources available for teaching about black culture and history in Africa and America are evaluated. An introductory essay, "The Black Experience: A Historical Overview," emphasizes aspects of black history which most black scholars deem relevant for correcting error and distortion, filling gaps of knowledge, and helping black youth establish their identity. Curriculum packages developed by school districts were evaluated according to 1) whether their assumptions were...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African Culture, Annotated Bibliographies, Bibliographies, Black Community, Black...
The surest way to preserve a traditional art form is to continue its practice. However, it is also possible for Indian and other Native American people to use modern documentation tools to safeguard the survival of their cultural traditions for the future. This book presents a selection of professional documentation techniques that are especially practical, effective, and adaptable for community use. Chapters examine organizing a cultural preservation project; locating resources; preparing a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, Art Products, Audiotape Recordings, Community Programs,...
Marshall McLuhan's belief that our electric age is moving away from literacy entails unconvincing theories about the relationship of man to communications media. One such doctrine is that society has always been influenced more by the nature of the media than by the content of the message communicated. McLuhan divides media into two types: hot media which feed a single sense with a message full of facts and which are low in participation; cool media which give few facts and require the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communications, Cultural Context, Cultural Images, Learning Theories, Literacy,...
Designed as supplementary reading material for Indian and non-Indian children in the elementary grades, this reader presents 19 stories and legends of the Northwest tribes. Stories in this sixth level of the six-level series were developed cooperatively by Indian people of Pacific Northwest reservations. Each of the 19 stories has a title page with full-page illustration and includes the tribe and the individuals responsible for the story. The first four stories provide an opportunity to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indian Literature, American Indians, Childrens...
A look at some English and American dictionaries and encyclopedias affirms the charge of "Manglish"--a male orientation of the English language. Sex stereotypes are manifested in occupational titles, certain cultural notions, and societal attitudes which are reflected in our language. School texts and dictionaries perpetuate this sexism and continue to keep women in a passive role against the natural cultural and evolutional process of liberation presently occurring. In order to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Cultural Images, Descriptive Linguistics, Diachronic Linguistics,...
One of a series on topics of concern to the U.S. media, this guide is intended to provide journalists with a critical analysis of U.S. media coverage of Africa. Section I provides an overview of the folklore about Africa and the nature and sources of stereotypes and misconceptions about Africa and the Western world. Findings and interpretations of data from a national sampling of images of Africa held by 7th and 12th graders are explained. Dimensions of power, control, complexity, modernity,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African Culture, Cultural Images, Ethnic Stereotypes, Folk Culture, Information...
Designed to allow teachers and students to take a pro-active approach to learning about Cameroon, the guide is a starting point for research and discussion with information that enables students to identify patterns of culture and geography. In the first section, details on Africa and Cameroon provide information that can be personalized for each class depending on ages, other subjects being studied, and students' abilities and interests. The second section utilizes questions to encourage...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Cultural Activities, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Cultural...
Activities of the East-West Culture Learning Institute, founded on the premise that patterns of a particular culture may be learned, are reported in Volume I of an annual publication. Papers written by the members of the Institute's staff and former Fellows describe research in progress in four major areas of concern. A paper in the area of "Thought and Expression" presents a view of what this area entails and of some potential research projects. The "Cultures in Contact"...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annual Reports, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences,...
"The Brownies' Book," a periodical for Black children created and edited by W. E. B. Du Bois and published for 2 years, from 1920 to 1921, was a radical departure from traditional children's publications. It challenged the "selective tradition" in children's literature that negatively depicted Afro-Americans and Afro-American culture. It offered poems, stories, informative articles, and advice that portrayed Black children as intelligent, attractive, clean, and virtuous....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Black Culture, Black History, Black Literature, Black Stereotypes,...
The purpose of this project was to collect data concerning the black magazine in order to assess whether or not there was sufficient material to merit further study of black publications. A pilot study revealed that the purely mass magazines act as forums for expression and appear to have the following recurrent themes: black awareness, survival, identity, liberation, black aesthetics, and pan-Africanism. The trend in black magazines appears to be from religious to general to nationalistic. It...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bibliographies, Black Culture, Black Literature, Cultural Images, National Surveys,...
This annotated bibliography focuses on fiction for children and young adults that is concerned with three subject areas: South Dakota, pioneers, and American Indian culture. The publication dates of these titles span the 1930s to the late 1980s. Entries are listed alphabetically by author and include title, publisher, date of publication, an annotation, and a reading-level designator (E, M, or YA). (MAB)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescent Literature, American Indian Culture, Annotated Bibliographies, Childrens...
Fifteen newspaper articles about popular culture in the United States are contained in this document. As the basis for a 15-week course by newspaper during the winter and spring of 1978, the articles served as the course "lectures." The articles were written by professors of mass communications, sociology, cinema, journalism, political science, and history; a newspaper columnist; a sports commentator; and a feminist author. They explore the nature of popular culture, popular culture...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Communications, Content Area Reading, Cultural Images, Culture,...
This primer on multicultural education pedagogy reports on the knowledge base for multicultural education, and challenges and critiques teacher educators. An introduction describes the demographic and intellectual context for multicultural education, outlines the composition of the primer, and argues that the primer is primarily an exercise in "imaging" to develop an intellectual, emotional, and ethical force for teacher educators. Part 1, "Markers in the Multicultural Teacher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Images, Education Courses, Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education,...
Designed as supplementary reading material appropriate for Indian and non-Indian children in the elementary grades, this series of 18 booklets presents 26 stories and legends of Northwest tribes. Stories in this fifth level of the six-level series were developed cooperatively by Indian people from reservations in the Pacific Northwest. Booklets range from 15 to 63 pages in length and contain numerous illustrations by Indian artists. The stories are sequenced and grouped together by type: (1)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indian Literature, American Indians, Childrens...
Based on ethnographic research on Puerto Ricans on the island and mainland, this paper examines why Nuyoricans' identities are disparaged by island and mainland Puerto Ricans. Nuyoricans are Puerto Ricans, especially in New York, who mix North American and Puerto Rican cultural traits. Many have grown up traveling between the island and mainland. One reason that Puerto Ricans tend to reject Nuyoricans is the negative stereotypes assigned to Nuyoricans from which other Puerto Ricans wish to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Differences, Cultural Images, Ethnic Stereotypes, Ethnicity, Hispanic...
This paper examines the depiction of Alice in illustrated versions of "Alice in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll. The primary concern was to determine if the character of Alice had changed historically through the interpretation of different illustrators and to determine what the changes were and what their impact might have on the interpretation of the study. Eighteen different illustrators' versions of Alice published between 1965 and 1993 were analyzed. The analysis found that,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Artists, Authors, Childrens Literature, Cultural Images, Illustrations, Stereotypes
"Indian" mascots of athletic teams can be offensive to Native Americans when they portray negative and stereotypical images. The notion of the "tomahawk chop" invented by Atlanta Braves fans and all the antics that go along with such images prevent millions of Americans from understanding the authentic Indian America, both long ago and today. "Playing Indian," a common sight on many athletic fields in America, mocks Native American cultural practices, trivializes...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Culture, American Indians, Athletics, Cultural Awareness, Cultural...
A summative evaluation of a unique television experience for children is presented in this document. Vegetable Soup, a multi-ethnic television series, is designed to reduce the adverse effects of racial prejudice. A major focus of the program is to assist elementary school children in the development of genuine appreciation of members of all ethnic groups. The purpose of this research is to test the objectives of the program in order to determine the effect on attitudes of those children who...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affective Objectives, Attitude Change, Childhood Attitudes, Children, Childrens...
Each of the four Cultural Attitude Scales (CAS) contains fifteen graphic illustrations of the dress, sports, food and popular symbols for the Anglo American, Black American, Mexican American, and Puerto Rican cultures, respectively. Designed to measure ethnic identity or cross-cultural awareness for grades one to six, they do not require reading ability. The child indicates an attitude toward each illustration by marking one of five faces on a happy- to-sad Likert scale; an alternate response...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anglo Americans, Attitude Measures, Blacks, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Images,...
The Disney film "Pocahontas" appears to be an attempt to respond to growing cultural diversity, calls for multiculturalism, and strong female role models in the United States. This paper provides an analysis of the film, examining how Disney's claims to the creation of positive, pro-social representations of women and Native Americans in "Pocahontas" hold up or collapse when viewed from a critical feminist perspective. The paper first looks at the historical background of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Females, Feminist Criticism,...
Myths about Africa are an inevitable outgrowth of a fundamental set of cultural assumptions about race and civilization that have been building in Western culture for at least four hundred years. The old African mythology, which consisted of crude, uncomplimentary stereotypes has been replaced by a new mythology which is much more insidious and detrimental to an understanding of Africa. The new is tougher to combat because it appears objective, is supported by evidence, and is constantly...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African Culture, African History, Area Studies, Bias, Black Culture, Black...
Wide variation in approaches to teaching about Asia in the schools suggests a need for categorizing those approaches so that a teacher might see his approach in some relationship with others of differing persuasions. The following evolutionary levels of conceptualization are suggested; Asia as (1) a setting for Western history, where Western events take place under foreign and exotic skies; (2) a problem in American foreign policy, recognized because of its potential effect on our lives; (3) a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Asian Studies, Concept Formation, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural...
The study guide is one of several supplementary materials for a 15-week newspaper course about popular culture in the United States. Course objectives are to help students understand the pervasiveness of popular culture in American society, its historical development, the business aspects of the popular culture industry, the effects of mass media on its nature and quality, the emergence of rock 'n' roll music as a reflection of a growing youth culture, the historical tendency of popular culture...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Broadcast Industry, Communications, Concept Teaching, Content Area...
This paper examines the portrayal of librarians in poetry written from 1958 to 1993 in order to find out whether technological and social changes which occurred during this period had any effect on the image of librarians. Content analysis was used in examining the 32 poems and the 36 librarians present in those poems. Adjectives and descriptions of the librarians were analyzed and evaluated to see whether the images were positive or negative and whether any change in the portrayal of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Content Analysis, Cultural Images, Librarians, Poetry, Role Perception, Stereotypes
The handbook presents methods and techniques for involving students in a variety of learning activities which will broaden their perceptions of the non-Western world, specifically Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The activities stress group discussion and personal interaction. Section one gives a brief overview of various approaches to teaching about the non-Western world, including emphases on stereotypes, alternative life styles, universality of man, role of culture in an...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African Culture, Arabs, Area Studies, Asian Studies, Comparative Analysis, Content...
