A look at the educational, economic, and family status of Colorado's Latino, African American, and Native American children reveals alarming problems. Latinos comprise the highest percentage of youth in the state and Whites the lowest. Numbers of young people (under age 19) are expected to increase in Colorado by 12% by 2020, but the increase in Asian youth is projected at 100%, while African American youth are expected to increase by 76% and Latino youth by 45%. African American youth are the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, American Indians, Asian Americans, Blacks, Dropouts, Economic Factors,...
This seminar focused on costs and productivity as they are defined within both education and economics. Some topics that received special attention were: definition problems, estimating methods, analysis methods, existing research results, and examples of improvement in educational efficiency. The document groups seminar papers under (1) general concepts and definitions, (2) methodology of unit costs and problems related to measurement of the educational product, (3) special cases of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cost Effectiveness, Costs, Decision Making, Developed Nations, Developing Nations,...
In a comparison of self-employment patterns in Germany and the United Kingdom, data from the Labour Force Survey (United Kingdom) and Mikrozensus (Germany) were analyzed to identify the personal characteristics of self-employed individuals in the two countries, the characteristics of their self-employed activity, and movement in and out of self-employment. An overview of the similarities and differences between self-employment in Germany and the United Kingdom was then developed. It established...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Demography, Economic Factors, Employment Opportunities,...
Private higher education has surged in recent decades and now forms a major part of the world's total higher education. A fourth of total enrollment might be a reasonable guess, albeit a very rough one. Only Western Europe remains mostly marginal to the global trend. Whether new or continuing, contemporary private growth is notable, especially in developing regions. This working paper provides only an introductory, quite partial sketch of how private higher education tends to fit broader higher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Graduate Study, Private Sector, Foreign Countries, Global...
The scenarios project set out to develop a tool to improve understanding of vocational education and training (VET) systems in the linked contexts of economic and technological change; changes in society, work, and the labor market; and changing training/skills environment. Other key attempts at the European level to generate European scenarios were five scenarios that were the work of the "cellule prospective" and four scenarios developed in preparation for the French presidency of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Change Strategies, Economic Change, Economic Factors, Educational...
For several years a researcher has been tracking the changing conditions of literacy learning as they have been experienced by ordinary people living through them. The purpose was to understand what sharply rising standards for literacy have meant to successive generations of Americans and how they have responded to steady changes in the meanings and methods of literacy learning. In wide-ranging discussions people were asked to remember everything they could about how they learned to write and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Cultural Context, Economic Factors, Literacy, Oral History, Personal...
Policy questions regarding activities for which university faculty, administrators, and professional staff might derive additional income were examined in four mail surveys along with the impact of those activities on the individuals, the university, and society. Some of the activities considered include overload teaching, research, consulting, part-time employment, and the rights to intellectual properties that may result from either load or "overload" work. The four mail surveys...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Policy, Administrators, College Administration, College Faculty,...
The lessons in this 3-part series are intended to provide students with a basic understanding of the relationship between the United States and Mexico, with emphasis on multiple perspectives, conflict and cooperation, and interdependence. This curriculum unit, Part 3, examines the economic interdependence of the United States and Mexico to learn how events and changes in Mexico affect and continue to impact the economy, society, and politics of the United States. The introduction presents a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cross Cultural Studies, Economic Factors, Economic Impact, Economic Opportunities,...
Theoretical models are formulated for airline firm operations that revolve around alternative formulations of managerial goals which these firms are persuing in practice. Consideration is given to the different objective functions which the companies are following in lieu of profit maximization.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRLINE OPERATIONS, OPERATIONS RESEARCH, PERFORMANCE...
This paper introduces two critical success factors in supply chain management in the banking sector in Ghana after confirming six factors in a previous study. A quantitative research approach was used. The population of the study was employees in selected commercial banks in Ghana. The simple random sampling procedure was used to select 144 respondents. The Exploratory Factor Analysis retains six (6) success factors of supply chain management. The study shows that planning, competency,...
Topics: Supply Chain, Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Success, Critical Success Factors,...
This article, in two parts, presents information as a foundation for an integrated approach to utilization and employment of Alaskan manpower in the construction and maintenance of the trans-Alaska pipeline, and the continuing exploration and development of the petroleum fields. The four primary manpower sources for petroleum related employment in Alaska are competitive recruitment within the existing employed workforce; development and utilization of the unemployed and underemployed;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bibliographies, Construction Industry, Economic Factors, Equipment Maintenance,...
The results of a study which surveyed environmental attitudes and perceptions of residents of the San Antonio, Texas SMSA are presented and discussed. Respondents (N=1088) were selected on the basis of: (1) area stratification (urban, suburban, rural), (2) ethnicity (primarily Anglo and Mexican-American), and (3) economic and educational status (SES) income. The purposes of the study were: (1) to identify and evaluate variations in environmental attitude between and among individuals within the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anglo Americans, Attitudes, Economic Factors, Environmental Education, Ethnicity,...
Three states--California, Texas, and Florida--currently account for almost one-fourth of all the country's nonfarm jobs. The total number of jobs in these three states exceeds the total employment in 30 other states put together. These economic changes have had a very direct effect on the geographic distribution of the country's population, which is reflected in the large migrations to these states that have occurred. According to projections, this migration should continue through the year...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Demography, Economic Development, Economic Factors, Employment Patterns, Futures (of...
The potential use of solar electricity generated from photovoltaic cells is examined for nineteen developing nations. Energy and economic profiles are summarized for each country. A comparison is made between the use of autogeneration and photovoltaics in a rural area of Haiti.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DEVELOPING NATIONS, ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, MARKETING, SOLAR...
Potential future hydrogen markets in the United States are assessed. Future hydrogen markets for various use sectors are projected, the probable range of hydrogen production costs from various alternatives is estimated, stimuli and barriers to the development of hydrogen markets are discussed, an overview of the status of technologies for the production and utilization of hydrogen is presented, and, finally, societal aspects of hydrogen production and utilization are discussed.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, MARKET RESEARCH, MARKETING, PRODUCT...
The effect of public opinion on future space programs is discussed in terms of direct support, apathy, or opposition, and concern about the tax burden, budgetary pressures, and national priorities. Factors considered include: the salience and visibility of NASA as compared with other issues, the sources of general pressure on the federal budget which could affect NASA, the public's opinions regarding the size and priority of NASA'S budget, the degree to which the executive can exercise leverage...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FEDERAL BUDGETS, NASA PROGRAMS, PROJECT PLANNING,...
Almost one quarter of American children live in poverty, and the effects of poverty on these children are mediated by many family and social conditions. Poverty affects parenting practices and the home environment, with consequential effects on child adjustment and functioning. Changes in income cause changes in parenting and the quality of the home environment, suggesting that these qualities are affected by income rather than being fixed characteristics of people living in poverty. Public...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Welfare, Children, Day Care, Early Childhood Education, Economic Factors, Low...
Child care costs place a heavy burden on working families with young children. This study investigated relationships among income, cost of living, and child care costs in families who purchased center-based child care. Subjects were 720 families from Massachusetts, Georgia, and Virginia. Parents were interviewed separately to obtain information on income, employment, child care costs, family structure, child rearing styles, attitudes, role expectations, and subjective measures of individual and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Rearing, Child Welfare, Day Care, Early Childhood Education, Economic Factors,...
Over the last 15 years researchers have taken an increased interest in studying the large pool of recent Korean immigrants. This analysis concentrates on finding how first generation Korean Americans relate and interact with their second generation counterparts. Using studies on the adjustment of first generation Korean immigrants and the levels of their success, the dynamics of Korean family living in America are analyzed. A main objective is to illustrate and highlight the sources of conflict...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Acculturation, Adjustment (to Environment), Cultural Differences, Economic Factors,...
As part of a 2-year study conducted by the American Country Life Association on leisure and recreation in relationship to country life in America, their forty-fourth annual conference dealt with leisure time, its development and its effects on society. The proceedings of this conference contain papers and discussions dealing with many facets of leisure time, from theology and leisure time to the economics of leisure time. Consideration is given to education for leisure, recreation resources...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Role, Conference Reports, Economic Factors, Government Role, Leisure Time,...
Presented in this report is an extensive statistical profile of certain factors of the Appalachia region of the United States. The report is organized in such a manner that one can look at the entire region, at a particular state, or at a particular region of a state. Factors examined include population estimates (1965 or 1966); work force, employment, and unemployment (1965 and change from 1962); population by sex (1960); population by place (1960); distribution of families by income (1960);...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Area Studies, Business Cycles, Demography, Economic Factors,...
The purpose of this study was to describe choristers' perceptions of Welsh men's choir participation. Four choirs were observed in concert and rehearsal settings across Wales. Focus group interviews were conducted with between 4 and 10 members in each of the 4 choral settings for a total of 24 total interview respondents. The interviewees had a spread of years of male choir participation, from 4 months to 47 years, and a spread of ages, with members ranging in age from 32 to 89. The interview...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Music Education, Recruitment, Music, Foreign Countries, Males, Singing, Interviews,...
In classrooms across the country, when students hear the bell ring at 3 p.m., it signals the end of the school day and, for many, the start of an afternoon without supervision, without productive activities and without direction. Afterschool and summer learning programs are filling the invaluable role of providing essential services--such as a safe and supervised environment, academically enriching activities, healthy snacks and meals, and caring and supportive mentors--to children and families...
Topics: ERIC Archive, After School Programs, Summer Programs, African American Students, Hispanic American...
Culture is integral to the learning process. It is the organization and way of life within the community of students and teachers and directs the way they communicate, interact, and approach teaching and learning. Although founded in particular values and principles, the academy, like most organizations, is impacted day-to-day by its culture. Yet, the traditional higher education institution has not been designed to operate within a racially or ethnically diverse student population. The social,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Culturally Relevant Education, Learning Processes, Higher Education, Organizational...
This paper reports the trends in Tennessee higher education. Information on the following items are presented: (1) Educational attainment comparisons; (2) Economic and demographic comparisons; (3) Measuring Up; (4) Preparation; (5) Participation; (6) Affordability; (7) Completion; (8) Benefits; (9) Funding history and comparisons; (10) Tuition and Financial Aid; and (11) Faculty salaries.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Educational Attainment, Comparative Analysis, Tuition, Educational...
The interpretation presented in this bulletin is based on the author's visit to Australia and New Zealand in the year 1920. In this visit, he had the advantage of trying to understand material conditions and of conferences with the citizens of the Commonwealth and of the Dominion. Every opportunity was given for studying these conditions of the higher education and of its fundamental forms and forces in the life of the South Lands. The following chapters are included: (1) Geographical and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Foreign Countries, Poetry, Change, College Role, Geographic...
This paper discusses recent histories of labor shortages in Singapore, Japan, and several western European countries. Emphasis is upon the economic effects of severe shortages of labor. Fearing that these shortages would seriously handicap further economic progress, many people in these countries have advocated large-scale immigration or increased population growth or both. It is the author's conclusion that the existence of a labor shortage is not a valid ground for encouraging either...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Economic Development, Economic Factors, Labor Demands, Labor...
Changes in institutional viability were studied for Tuskegee Institute and six black land grant institutions that had received grants between 1974-1977 from the federal Advanced Institutional Development Program (AIDP). The study instrument consisted of 59 financial and nonfinancial indicators, most of which were developed by Kevin J. Gilmartin. To determine the impact of the AIDP grant on the indicators, administrators responding to the survey assessed the institution for the year that the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Change, Black Colleges, Curriculum Development, Developing...
A political-cultural model explores the educational process and its impact on Native Hawaiians over a 140-year period. The theoretical model suggests that core political values are transmitted to educational policy and school-related activities, and thereby impact the social, economic, and academic status of Native Hawaiians. Three historical case studies indicate similarities and provide descriptions that illuminate the process of educational policymaking during each politically turbulent...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Cultural Influences, Cultural Interrelationships, Economic Factors,...
The 2-part document, published by the Mississippi Employment Security Commission, relates to the Smaller Communities Program conducted during 1969 to help alleviate employment problems in rural areas of Mississippi and to provide employment services in areas with varying economic problems. Based on data secured from Federal, state, and private sources, Part I of the report presents a general description of Stone County, Mississippi, along with trends concerning labor force, economic pattern,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Business, Community Study, Economic Factors, Employment...
This is the first of four volumes that present the results of studies of two project topics, designated as Project 3 and Project 4. The topics are described as follows: Project 3--A study of the current and potential economic and social contributions of nonpublic schools and the potential for increased cooperation between public and nonpublic schools; and Project 4--A review and assessment of public assistance programs for nonpublic schools. The results of Project 3 are found, for the most...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Catholic Schools, Economic Factors, Educational Finance, Educational Vouchers,...
Population statistics based on the 1960 Census of Population are presented for Negroes, American Indians, persons with Spanish surnames, and "other whites" in the Southwestern states of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas. Some 1950 Census data are included for comparative purposes. Detailed tables present information on age, social characteristics, comparisons between males and females, residence, school enrollment, educational attainment, family characteristics, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Age, American Indians, Blacks, Census Figures, Economic...
Subsonic transport turbofan engine design and technology features which have promise of improving aircraft energy consumption are described. Task I addressed the selection and evaluation of features for the CF6 family of engines in current aircraft, and growth models of these aircraft. Task II involved cycle studies and the evaluation of technology features for advanced technology turbofans, consistent with initial service in 1985. Task III pursued the refined analysis of a specific design of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY POLICY, ENGINE DESIGN, TURBOFAN...
This document presents a social profile of Rocky Ford, a rural town in southern Colorado with population of approximately 5,000. The report can be used as a decision-making tool by local citizen educational-accountability committees who are examining forces inside and outside the community. The profile was prepared as an outgrowth of the studies described in ED 130 924. Six dimensions of community life are examined in the main body of the report. Discussed are the following: (1) potentialities...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Change, Community Study, Economic Factors, Environmental Influences,...
This paper is addressed to the student already familiar with basic economic terms and concepts. It analyzes some existing policy alternatives by which sociopolitical units can attempt to modify environmental behavior. The primary objective of the paper is to construct a theoretical model of probabilistic effects that an effluent charge has on an industry. Application of a portion of the model is given, along with an evaluation of the completed tasks by specifying additional assumptions,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conservation (Environment), Economic Factors, Environmental Education, Environmental...
This is a compilation of selected articles and a bibliography on the 1978-79 intercollegiate debate proposition: Resolved, that the Federal Government should implement a program which guarantees employment opportunities for all U.S. citizens in the labor force. The introduction briefly reviews the United States post-World War II history of employment policy and legislation. Ten articles provide a wide range of views. The articles are as follow: "The Goal of Genuine Full Employment,"...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bibliographies, Debate, Economic Factors, Employment, Employment Opportunities,...
The delivery of an appropriate quantity and quality of health care in an efficient way requires, among other things, matching the supply with the demand for the services of physicians, over time. Such matching has led to very different levels of physicians per million population across OECD countries--because of variations, among other things, in: morbidity and mortality, health expenditure as a share of GDP and the design of health systems. In addition, there are signs that a higher density of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Medical Education, Role Models, Retirement, Medical Schools, Physicians, Health...
This bulletin provides background information on Iran--the country, including economic factors; the people, and the government. The report further describes educational developments, including: (1) Early European influence; (2) Cooperative U.S. programs; (3) Administration and organization of education, including the Ministry of Education; (4) The school system--philosophy of education, preschool education, elementary education, secondary education, examinations, vocational education, teacher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Education, Vocational Education, Preschool Education, Foreign Countries,...
The quality of life is a relatively new concept, which is continually changing and for which there is not yet a wholly satisfactory definition. The quality of life involves human, social-economic and health characteristics. The manifold nature of the quality of life led to the development of various patterns for measuring it. The quality of life is determined by subjective and objective indices and this allows us to have a clearer overall picture of it. The aim of this research paper is to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Social Life, Living Standards, Community Involvement, Quality of Life, Measures...
Weather forecasting is critical to both the Space Transportation System (STS) ground operations and the launch/landing activities at NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The current launch frequency places significant demands on the USAF weather forecasters at the Cape Canaveral Forecasting Facility (CCFF), who currently provide the weather forecasting for all STS operations. As launch frequency increases, KSC's weather forecasting problems will be great magnified. The single most important problem...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, CAPE KENNEDY LAUNCH COMPLEX, EXPERT...
This book compares small schools in various countries with large ones and offers cost effective strategies for small schools. Part I focuses on social, economic, and educational issues related to small schools. Small schools are beneficial to their communities as centers of social development. In addition, small schools have a more cooperative environment than large schools, and student achievement is usually as good or better. On the negative side, small schools may have a limited curriculum...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Boarding Schools, Community Involvement, Consolidated Schools, Cost Effectiveness,...
This paper documents the social changes that have taken place in the American family during the last quarter century and suggests that these changes have created the need for new directions in both public policy and developmental research. The general trend reveals progressive fragmentation and isolation of the family in its child rearing role, as evidenced by more working mothers, more single-parent families, a decline in academic performance, and a rise in the rates of child homicide,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Child Rearing, Delinquency, Divorce, Drug Abuse, Economic...
The aging of the population is one of the major influences on the environment in which vocational education operates. The number of people 65 and older will increase more slowly in next 25 years than in the past. Improvements in working conditions, health care, and pension plans since World War II have made those who will be 65 by the end of the century healthier and more financially secure than previous generations of the elderly. Medical advances that should lead to sizeable increases (5...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Aging (Individuals), Demography, Economic Factors, Educational Change, Educational...
Although literacy rates have improved somehow in recent years, there are still large numbers of people that are illiterates in developing countries. This paper examines the impact of severe economic decline and demographic pressures on youth literacy rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, a cross-sectional data of 39 Sub-Saharan African countries with adequate data information were analyzed. The results from the ANOVA tests indicate that economic decline is statistically significant in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Literacy, Statistical Analysis, Refugees, Youth, Illiteracy, Case...
A transcript of the proceedings of the opening day of the Symposium on Urban Cable Television is provided. The Symposium was convened to discuss, clarify, and offer alternatives to the major social, economic, and institutional issues affecting cable television (CATV) planning today with a view toward their impacts on the future directions of cable. The record of the morning session deals with the economic and social context and features a presentation on future social and economic developments...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cable Television, Communications, Comparative Analysis, Conference Reports, Economic...
A study was prepared for the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW) on the role DHEW could play in the implementation of instructional television. This volume of the study provides a detailed description of alternative delivery systems. It analyzes the different technical capabilities and component costs of a variety of distribution system configurations including cable television, pay television, closed-circuit television, video disc, video tape, UHF broadcasts, microwave systems,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Cable Television, Closed Circuit Television, Communications,...
This handbook offers a practical set of ideas to help all types of libraries in the task of marketing their services in an increasingly competitive economy and provides a model program as urged by the White House Conference on Library and Information Services. It is aimed at adult information services in particular, with passing references to children's services, literacy training, and other library services. Part 1 contains three chapters; the initial chapter provides information on how to use...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Programs, Childrens Libraries, Economic Factors, Evaluation Methods, Guides,...
Enrollment projections and the economic environment of higher education are analyzed, along with questions that trustees should ask. Factors that affect enrollment projections are addressed, and trend data at the national, regional, and state levels are presented. Demographic considerations include: future age distribution of the population, past enrollment trends, determinants of college-going behavior, possible offsets to the declining 18-year-old population, increased enrollment of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Declining Enrollment, Demography, Economic Factors, Enrollment Influences, Enrollment...
The guide is one of a series of 10 units composing an orientation to the world of work course designed especially for disadvantaged and handicapped students in the ninth and tenth grades. It is designed to provide basic and remedial instruction in personal development, math, and language skills while providing information and skills basic or common to employment in all occupations. Topics treated in the course are: (1) workers in society, (2) production and distribution of goods and services,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basic Skills, Career Development, Career Education, Career Guidance, Consumer...
This report discusses efforts in adult English as a Second Language (ESL) education to link language instruction to workforce and civic skills (skills needed for successful participation in the community). It looks at the social forces that underlie these efforts (shifts in the U.S. economy, welfare reform, accountability requirements, and learner needs); describes how adult ESL educators can integrate workforce and civic life skills into their curricula (classroom simulations and cooperative...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accountability, Adult Learning, Civics, Classroom Techniques, Cooperative Learning,...
