The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effects of enforcement of Title VII to determine whether and to what extent it has helped to achieve the elimination of employment discrimination. The model developed in this paper is considered to depart from those of previous Title VII studies in two ways. First, it incorporates the effects of the law's enforcement on nonrespondent covered firms in addition to the effects on respondent firms. Second, it analyzes separately the effects of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Employment, Civil Rights, Discriminatory Legislation, Economic Factors,...
The Great Plains School District Organization Project, approved by the State Boards of Education in Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota and financed by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, had two objectives: (1) To strengthen the State Departments of Education, and (2) to seek ways and means of strengthening the Departments by improving school district organization. This report presents the findings and recommendations resulting from the 2-year study. The information for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bibliographies, Economic Factors, Educational Finance, Educational Needs, Educational...
This report surveys data from various Kentucky state government agencies and provides an assessment of economic problems in Kentucky's Appalachian region. A profile of the region and overview of the effectiveness of implemented programs are presented. Interviews with Area Development District Directors show a concern for the image of Appalachia. The data indicate that Kentucky has a division in its economic structure, where prosperity and high employment are primarily concentrated in certain...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Change, Economic Development, Economic Factors, Economic Opportunities,...
Illustrating components of multi-county organization and emphasizing the rewards of area organization when carefully used as a tool to close the gaps between local, state, and Federal governments, this monograph presents the following five chapters: (1) "Key Factors in Area or Regional Boundry Delineation" (natural physical, biological, and human processes; spatial, social, political, and government organization; economic criteria); (2) "Federal, State, and Local Programs...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agency Cooperation, Change Strategies, Citizen Participation, Community Action,...
Conestoga 2 is currently under development. It is capable of inserting 500 Kg satellites into 800 Km circular polar orbits. Conestoga 2 makes maximum use of existing (developed) technology and hardware. Its commercial objective is to fill a need for low cost low Earth orbital transport not efficiently served by Shuttle or larger space transport systems. Low Earth orbit markets, foreign participation, and launch site considerations are discussed along with technical and economic trade-offs.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LAUNCH VEHICLES, MULTISTAGE ROCKET VEHICLES, SPACE...
Using documentation from a wide range of periods in American history, the student explores the implications for scientific progress of such "typically American" traits as pragmatism, egalitarianism, and commercialism. He is asked throughout to assess the compatibility of science and American culture, government, and business; and to consider whether or not our culture is as conducive to scientific progress as is popularly supposed. The unit culminates in a case study of American...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Culture, Case Studies, Cultural Context, Cultural Traits, Democratic Values,...
This is the second unit of seven resource units for a twelfth grade course on value conflicts and policy decisions. The topic for this unit is promoting economic growth in the United States. The objectives are listed as to generalizations, skills, and values. The double-page format relates objectives to pertinent content, teaching procedures, and instructional materials. This unit helps pupils summarize factors promoting or hampering economic growth and then focuses upon issues related to how...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Course Content, Economic Development, Economic Factors, Economics, Educational...
Television has been less hospitable to the arts in the United States than in other parts of the world, although there have been some efforts to provide the public with some artistic forms of entertainment. If the reason that the arts have been largely neglected on television is its limited channel capacity that democracy must devote to more popular entertainment, then the multichannel cable solves that problem. However, there are still the problems of producing and financing fine arts...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cable Television, Economic Factors, Fine Arts, Programing (Broadcast), Technological...
Virtual worlds technology (VWT) uses special computer hardware and software to link humans with computers in natural ways. A data model, or virtual world, is created and presented as a three-dimensional world of sights and sounds. The participant manipulates apparent objects in the world, and in so doing, alters the data model. VWT will become commonplace for work and play in the future. Televirtuality and how it is accomplished are described, and some of the associated business and policy...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Assisted Instruction, Computer Simulation, Economic Factors, Educational...
The Internet and advancements in the field of information technology have opened up unprecedented opportunities for every citizen to succeed in the 21st Century. Higher education has been utilizing the new technology by offering web-based education. Many universities today offer online classes and even online degrees using eLearning. But how can we measure the cost effectiveness and efficiency of eLearning? The purpose of this article is to review a model to measure the cost effectiveness and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Electronic Learning, Higher Education, Online Courses, Web Based Instruction, Cost...
Fifty-one American Library Association (ALA) accredited library schools reported statistics for the following: number of faculty, number of students enrolled, student-faculty ratio, number of degrees awarded, financial data, and average expenditure per student. This data is reported here in tabular form. The ALA Committee on Accreditation cautions that any attempts to draw statistical inferences from the raw data reported in the tables will be misleading. Also, the Committee notes that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Degrees (Academic), Economic Factors, Enrollment, Faculty, Library Schools,...
The Senate Select Committee met in Macon, Georgia, to hear testimony of 15 individuals concerning various aspects of the problems facing children and families in the rural South. Dale Lick of Georgia Southern College pointed out that the rural South falls behind the rest of the country in health care, education, and overall quality of life. Donald Anderson of the National Association for the Southern Poor emphasized self-help efforts of the poor in overcoming poverty and cited his...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Abuse, Child Welfare, Economic Factors, Educational Needs, Family Problems,...
Trends in expenses, financial assistance, and indebtedness for students studying health professions and the effects of financial considerations on career choice were examined. The objective was to determine financial disincentives to graduates of health professions schools that affect their choice of practice specialty or their decision to practice in an underserved area. Information that is needed to determine whether there are disincentives that affect the achievement of national health goals...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Choice, Debt (Financial), Dentistry, Economic Factors, Financial Problems,...
Using current national data, this report describes emerging labor force and employment trends among industries and occupations expected to experience the fastest rates of growth or decline by the year 2000. In addition, the report analyzes the challenges and opportunities for higher education arising from a developing technological base accompanied by an increasing demand for a better educated and more highly skilled workforce. Section I discusses the impact of technological change and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Role, Community Colleges, Economic Factors, Educational Needs, Employment...
The "Core Indicators of Effectiveness Report" delineates the performance of Wyoming's community colleges as measured by the 14 indicators set forth by the American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) and adopted by the seven Wyoming community colleges and the Wyoming Community College Commission in 2002. These indicators, while providing some flexibility regarding programs and services, provide guidance on consistent measurements of performance and success of community colleges....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Stakeholders, Reading Skills, Community Colleges, Educational Indicators, Cost...
This study investigated the nature of and factors in the involvement of both Spanish-speaking and English-speaking parents in an elementary school specializing in two-way bilingual education. The researcher observed parents and teachers in interaction, reviewed school documents, and interviewed parents, families, and school staff, some in short interviews, informal-conversational interviews, and a selected group received in-depth interviews. It was found that: (1) parents' comfort with the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Economic Factors, Educational Background, Elementary Education,...
This document is intended to help the rehabilitation professional identify and understand current and future labor market trends and their implications for persons with disabilities. Strategies, methods, and tools are included that counselors can immediately use as they prepare persons with disabilities for the workforce. Chapter 1 examines economic forces and labor market trends, as well as current workforce issues. Employment patterns and trends for people with disabilities and opportunities...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Counseling Techniques, Disabilities, Economic Factors, Employment Patterns,...
The Campus of Learners Initiative is one of a series of programs developed by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to empower people and communities by encouraging citizens to work together to create jobs and economic opportunities. This booklet describes the initiative and tells potential participants what they need to do to earn the Campus of Learners designation. HUD will designate between 15 and 20 Campus of Learning sites. Designations will be awarded to public...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Computer Literacy, Economic Factors, Employment Opportunities,...
In this paper we evaluate the labour market value of basic skills in the UK, focusing on the wage and employment returns to having better literacy and numeracy skills. We draw on literacy and numeracy assessments undertaken by all cohort members of the UK 1970 British Cohort Study. The data used are very rich and allow us to account for potential ability bias, including as they do early childhood assessments of ability. We find that the literacy and numeracy effects on earnings are over and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cohort Analysis, Numeracy, Labor Market, Basic Skills, Child Development, Foreign...
Various aspects of a remotely piloted mini-LTA vehicle for surveillance, monitoring and measurement for civilian and military applications are considered. Applications, operations and economics are discussed.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRSHIPS, REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLES, SURVEILLANCE, AIRCRAFT...
This article discusses Teach for America (TFA), one of the alternative education programs of the U.S. Department of Education designed to address the achievement gap of students of color in the country. Topics explored in this research include issues of racism and race in the recruitment and support of its teacher corp; how TFA educators of color perceive the impact of alternative teaching programs in economically disenfranchised communities of color; the function of counterstories in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Minority Group Students, Achievement Gap, Federal Programs, Racial Bias, Teacher...
The relevance of the investigated problem is caused by the need to assess the implementation of informatization level of the region and the insufficient development of the theoretical, content-technological, scientific and methodological aspects of the assessment of the region's information potential. The aim of the research work is to develop a methodology for assessing the information potential of the region and its approbation. The key method used while studying the problem is the method of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Information Technology, Communications, Information Networks, Information Security,...
Significant social, demographic, and economic changes have occurred in the North Central states since 1960. This document examines structural and policy variables related to distribution of income, during the years 1960-80 in the 397 counties defined as agriculture-dependent in 13 North Central states. Personal income distribution has been explained by four types of theories: stochastic, personal characteristic, regional endowment, and development. These theories were integrated into a single...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Change, Economic Factors, Educational Attainment, Females, Income, Labor...
The fundamental purpose of the project during its first year of operation was to facilitate the establishment or improvement of an inter-organizational communicative linkage system in each pilot community. Specific objectives were to develop teams of professionals, paraprofessionals, and volunteer community level workers and to train those teams to provide leadership in the process of community-wide program development. Instructional and consultative services were provided by Colorado State...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Basic Education, Agency Cooperation, Agency Role, Communication (Thought...
The radical restructuring of Alaska's public higher education system brought on by the state's 1986 economic collapse is discussed. The plan called for a merger of 11 community colleges with three universities into three multi-campus institutions. It realigned statewide programs in vocational technical education, fisheries and ocean sciences, international business, and rural higher education delivery. It called for the merger of a unionized community college teaching faculty with a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Strategies, Community Colleges, Economic Change, Economic Factors, Educational...
This document is concerned with the efforts of the United Nations toward putting into concrete form the problem of adult education and its multiple aspects in an attempt to launch an attack against illiteracy. The point is put forth that one of the scandals of the 20th century is the percentage of people in the world who do not know how to read or write. Each illiterate is a burden to his community and retards progress. For this reason, there is a great need to make these adults literate. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Economic Factors, Educational Programs, Farmers, Functional...
This bulletin contains three articles which focus on ground water's potential as a dependable supply source and some of the problems impeding the development of that potential. The authors' concerns are discussed from the vantage point of their areas of specialization: law, sociology, and economics. The first author states that water law abounds with unanswered questions and administrative efforts to isolate water's use for public consumption from its many other uses are equally arbitrary. In...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bulletins, Economic Factors, Environmental Education, Laws, Legal Problems,...
The primary objective of the Economic Impact study was to provide specific information about the economic impact on various communities as a result of expenditures by the University and University-oriented persons. The particular communities involved in this study were Port Gibson, Vicksburg, Fayette, Natchez, and Jackson. This report describes, measures, and projects the major cash flows from University-oriented persons and the various communities mentioned previously. (Author)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Colleges, Economic Factors, Expenditures, Higher Education, Operating Expenses,...
The time pattern of university participation rates and the variations across provinces in the light of economic analysis are discussed. While cost factors, tuition fees and student aid have changed significantly, it is argued that their quantitative impact is unlikely to account for a major part of the enrollment increase. (Author/MLW)
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Attendance, Declining Enrollment, Economic Factors, Enrollment Projections,...
Economic activity in its different manifestations--production, exchange, consumption and, particularly, information on quantities and prices--generates and transfers energy. As a result, we can apply to it the basic laws of thermodynamics. These laws are applicable within a system, i.e., in a country or between systems and countries. To these systems we can apply the thermodynamic principles. In order to work with these concepts, we must first define what a system, in this case an economic...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Thermodynamics, Scientific Principles, Economic Factors, Energy, Scientific Concepts,...
Students' loans in financing higher education in Tanzania have been subjected to many researches. However, less information is available on how the success of students' loans in financing higher education can be revealed. Therefore the purpose of this study is to examine the factors indicating the success of students' loans in financing higher education in Tanzania. Using data collected from a larger cross sectional survey in Tanzania, this study found that students loans in financing higher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Student Financial Aid, Educational Finance, Foreign Countries, Case Studies, Decision...
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan had to re-build their bilateral relations, and today this process continues. Both countries face up to a number of objective difficulties, such as crisis and the need to develop new foreign and domestic policy doctrines. Nevertheless, several bilateral agreements show the governments' desire to establish closer co-operation and to look for new integration method. Cross-border cooperation presents one...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, International Relations, International Cooperation, Political...
The Graduate Education Interest Group section of the proceedings contains the following five papers: "The Press, President, and Presidential Popularity During Ronald Reagan's War on Drugs" (Hyo-Seong Lee); "Malaysia's Broadcasting Industry in Transition: Effect of New Competitions on Traditional Television Channels" (Tee-Tuan Foo); "The Transparency of Culture and Politics in Economic Discourse" (Jennie Rupertus); "Convergence of the Internet Websites by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Broadcast Industry, Cable Television, Comparative Analysis, Economic Factors, Foreign...
This paper tries to examine how higher education in China and Britain has been affected by market forces between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s, from three major issues. Comparing the experiences of both places, the paper argues that unlike the case of British counterpart, where marketisation of education has shifted to a corporate management approach, the Chinese experience can be argued as being the government's attempt to use market forces and new initiatives from the non-state sectors,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Educational History, Cultural Differences, Cross...
This essay examines the ways in which economics, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship in the field. It explains that feminist work in transforming economics began to gain ground only in the early 1990s, and that the impact of feminist or multicultural insights on the core research assumptions of the discipline has been minor. The essay notes that economics differs from most other social sciences in that it is built around a single, highly influential core paradigm. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Capitalism, College Curriculum, College Instruction,...
This paper is an empirical analysis of the determinants of crime in Virginia. Over a dozen explanatory variables that current literature suggests as important determinants of crime are collected. The data is from 1970 to 2000. These include economic, fiscal, demographic, political, and social variables. The regression results indicate that crime is a function of a number of variables, which supports the predictions of the empirical literature on crime.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Crime, Literature Reviews, Regression (Statistics), Predictor Variables, Demography,...
The University of California and the California State University and Colleges submit to the Commission data on faculty salaries and the cost of fringe benefits for their respective segments and for a group of comparison institutions. On the basis of these data, estimates are derived of the percentage changes in salaries and the cost of fringe benefits required to attain parity with the comparison groups in the forthcoming fiscal year. Chapter I provides an introduction and a history of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Faculty, Community Colleges, Compensation (Remuneration), Cost Indexes,...
A study was conducted to examine the socioeconomic impact of Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (TAMU-CC) on the surrounding community. This study was a follow-up to a previous examination of the economic relationship between the university and the community. The current study examined the short-term measurable economic impact of university operations on the Corpus Christi metropolitan statistical area. In fiscal year 1998, TAMU-CC generated total revenue amounting to $60.2 million, with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Expenditures, Higher Education, School Community Relationship,...
Each year, the Foundation for Child Development and the Child and Youth Well-Being Index Project at Duke University issue a comprehensive measure of how children are faring in the United States. The Overall Composite Child Well-Being Index (CWI) is based on a composite of 28 "Key Indicators" of well-being that are grouped into seven "Quality-of-Life/Well-Being Domains". These domains are economic well-being, safe/risky behavior, social relationships, emotional/spiritual...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Poverty, Educational Attainment, Child Development, Child Welfare, Well Being,...
This report, one of a series of country studies on higher education and employment, particularly in the humanities and social sciences, looks at employment for social science and humanities graduates in Sweden. Following an introduction in section 1, section 2 offers a short description of the evolution of humanities and social sciences in Swedish higher education. This section covers the organization of undergraduate study programs, the relative size of higher education study programs in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Economic Factors, Economics Education, Education Work Relationship,...
This paper considers the size of the marketplace for education testing. The discussion is focused on commercial standardized achievement tests produced for the elementary and secondary market, the "Elhi" market. A few testing companies now account for the bulk of the test sales in the Elhi market, but it is difficult to obtain exact figures on the size of the testing marketplace. Five indicators of indirect growth are examined: (1) number of state-mandated testing programs; (2)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Educational Testing, Elementary Secondary Education, Income,...
The "KIDS COUNT Data Book" is an annual publication that assesses child well-being nationally and across the 50 states, as well as in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Using an index of 16 indicators, the report ranks states on overall child well-being and in economic well-being, education, health and family and community. The "2015 KIDS COUNT Data Book" focuses on America's children in the midst of the country's economic recovery. While data show improvements in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Well Being, Child Welfare, Economic Factors, Access to Education, Child Health,...
The result of an eleven-week study by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the American Society of Engineering Education is presented. The study was the ninth of a series of programs. The purposes of the programs were: (1) to introduce engineering school faculty members to system design and to a particular approach to teaching system design, (2) to introduce engineering faculty to NASA and to a specific NASA center, and (3) to produce a study of use to NASA and to the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL...
The material presented in this volume is classified into the following sections; (1) analysis of current routes; (2) air eligibility criteria; (3) current direct support infrastructure; (4) comparative mode analysis; (5) political and economic factors; and (6) future potential market areas. An effort was made to keep the observations and findings relating to the current systems as objective as possible in order not to bias the analysis of future air cargo operations reported in Volume 3 of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIR CARGO, AIR TRANSPORTATION, SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, COST...
A computer simulation program which models a commercial short-haul aircraft operating in the civil air system was developed. The purpose of the program is to evaluate the effect of a given aircraft avionics capability on the ability of the aircraft to perform on-time carrier operations. The program outputs consist primarily of those quantities which can be used to determine direct operating costs. These include: (1) schedule reliability or delays, (2) repairs/replacements, (3) fuel consumption,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRLINE OPERATIONS, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, COST ANALYSIS,...
As part of a 2-year study conducted by the American Country Life Association on leisure and recreation in relationship to country life in America, their forty-fourth annual conference dealt with leisure time, its development and its effects on society. The proceedings of this conference contain papers and discussions dealing with many facets of leisure time, from theology and leisure time to the economics of leisure time. Consideration is given to education for leisure, recreation resources...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Role, Conference Reports, Economic Factors, Government Role, Leisure Time,...
A survey of the family system as it exists today is presented. Initially, a comparison is made between the present system and the family system in other times and places. The three principal subjects of this paper--all interrelated--are families, change, and youth. The point is made that child marriages have not been exclusive to primitive peoples; they have occurred also in Europe and India, for example. With respect to change, it is noted that we are currently in a process of geometrical and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Age, Attitude Change, Comparative Analysis, Day Care, Economic Factors,...
This study examined the feasibility of a high school district operating under the compulsory "Valley View 45-15 Continuous School Year Plan." Salient features of the study include reporting of three different types of secondary year-round school operations and the surveys of the local boards of education, the local community, the local high school staff, and Illinois high school principals and teacher union officers. External and internal scheduling requirements are explained and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Educational Legislation, Educational Planning, Extended School...
This report sets forth the commitment toward improving the over-all quality of education in Latin America as first announced at the Punta del Este Conference in 1967. Recognizing that education is a universal right and its implementation must not depend on socio-economic affluence or political motives of any region, members of the Organization of American States pledged to promote both technical assistance (through working specialists and priority conferences) and financial aid (through direct...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Consultants, Developing Nations, Economic Factors, Education, Educational...
Studies of various aspects of Appalachian life are listed in this 396-item bibliography. Works are listed alphabetically by author, and include journal articles, books, conference proceedings, theses and dissertations. The selections cover the period 1930-1972 with examples from each decade. (PS)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bibliographies, Community Development, Economic Factors, Education, Housing,...
