This report examines the financial needs of Arkansas families, and establishes, using conservative economic assumptions, an annual Family Income Standard (FIS) for the state and each of its counties. The FIS is a new tool to be used by citizens, state and local policy makers, civic organizations, non-profits, and parents as they look to improve the economic well-being of their communities. The components of the standard include the essential living expenses of families with children, such as:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Economic Status, Economically Disadvantaged, Family Financial...
This report examines college and university finances during one of the most turbulent economic periods in decades. The financial ramifications of the 2008 recession were vast, affecting students' ability to pay for college, lawmakers' prioritization of public resources, and the budgetary environment facing higher education leaders. The challenges brought by the fiscal crisis also provided colleges and universities with an opportunity to reevaluate how they allocated resources and rethink how to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Public Colleges, Private Colleges, Expenditures, Educational...
Mass higher education is a huge force to be reckoned with and its existence, already in the expansion of tertiary institutions is undeniable. This study will focus on three countries: Lebanon, Kenya and Oman. The purpose of this study is to evaluate mass tertiary education progress in these countries. It will synthesize data results of gross enrollment ratios, demographics, internationalization and GDP per capita of these countries which we will use as indicators of the progress and direction...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Cross Cultural Studies, Enrollment Trends,...
The time pattern of university participation rates and the variations across provinces in the light of economic analysis are discussed. While cost factors, tuition fees and student aid have changed significantly, it is argued that their quantitative impact is unlikely to account for a major part of the enrollment increase. (Author/MLW)
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Attendance, Declining Enrollment, Economic Factors, Enrollment Projections,...
This essay examines the various economic effects of U.S. trade with developing nations to determine whether or not such trade is in the U.S. interest. Expansion of trade with the Third World is very much in keeping with the Reagan administration's economic goals. It stems from the conviction that solution to the problems of poverty and insufficient economic development is to be found in the magic of the market place. U.S. gains from trade include access to needed raw materials, consumer...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Economic Change, Economic Factors, Futures (of Society)
One of a series of units on business issues designed for secondary school students, this packet examines United States and Soviet trade within the context of worldwide economic and political associations. Introductory in nature, the 5-day unit is suitable for use by itself or as part of a larger study of comparative economic systems, American foreign policy, or Soviet international studies. Teacher and student materials are provided in separate sections. The teacher's guide contains five...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business, Comparative Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies, Economic Climate, Economic...
This study developed a profile of college freshman children of immigrant parents and identified differences in the entering characteristics of these students and the freshman children of native born parents. Data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program survey were evaluated for 97 freshmen with foreign-born parents and 334 freshmen with U.S. born parents at one private, selective liberal arts institution. The survey included questions on high school academic preparation, high school...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Asian Americans, Black Students, College Freshmen, Course...
The aged will continue to face increasing economic difficulties in the face of inflation unless some positive measure is taken to counteract this trend. In addition, younger working people will have to carry a financial burden of great magnitude as the number of unemployed older people grows. To improve this situation, employment opportunities for older people must be maximized and forced retirement abolished. (CK)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Employment Opportunities, Older Adults, Older Workers
Prepared by the Smaller Communities Services Program of the Oregon Department of Employment, this 1968 report summarizes the program findings with relation to Wallowa County, Oregon. As stated, the overall objective of the program was promotion of the economic adjustment of specific rural, low-income areas--including the occupational adjustment of individual residents. In furtherance of this objective, a mobile team of 1 supervisor, 1 counselor, 1 labor area analyst, and 6 temporary personnel...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Economic Research, Employment, Employment Services, Labor Needs,...
The baby boom generation faces added uncertainty on their investments and perhaps lower realized rates of return on all components of their retirement savings, primarily because of their large number. Effects will be felt in the Social Security system and by pension plans and private investors. Individuals, employers, pension fund managers, and public policy makers should consider these factors in planning now. Policy makers should consider easing the regulations limiting pension contributions,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Baby Boomers, College Faculty, Economic Change, Economic Factors, Economic Impact,...
Educational issues across the different member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are compared in this report. The OECD is made up of 26 developed countries. The indicators used in this analysis cover the years 1985 to 1991, a 7-year time series to study trends in policy. The indicators in this report provide data on how close the United States is to meeting its own educational goals defined in the National Education Goals of 1990, as well as how the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Demography, Developed Nations, Economic Factors, Educational...
The demand for technicians will experience a rapid rate of increase--from 35,000 job openings a year in the early 60's to 128,000 a year expected between the mid-1960's and the mid-1970's. A primary stimulus for this increase is the volume and scope of research and development activity directed toward achievement of national goals and manpower needs. Career opportunities for technicians in the 1970's will reflect current trends in medical services and in engineering and natural sciences....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Planning, Economic Factors, Educational Objectives, Employment Patterns, Labor...
The purpose of this study was to survey and analyze Rose Park, a residential area in the north-west part of Salt Lake City. A questionnaire was used to solicit information. The questions were formed through analysis of other surveys by means of an extensive literature search. Questionnaires were distributed randomly to 215 families and were completed by 209 respondents, giving a total response of 97 per cent. The data were analyzed separately and compared internally. They were also compared to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Libraries, Library Services, Library Surveys, Reading Interests,...
This report is a blend or summary of six reports that dealt with rural development, especially labor adjustment, in the Ozark and Delta regions of Arkansas. The studies were initiated mainly at the request of policy makers in the Delta and Ozarks areas of Arkansas. Several writers have suggested that "culture of poverty" is a major deterrent to upward job mobility of the economically deprived. Responses to scales, and related questions, by low income groups in both regions gave little...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Development, Economic Factors, Industrial Personnel, Industrialization,...
As part of a study of the quality of life in northwestern Wisconsin, questions re: important problems, public services, and environmental concerns were asked of a sample of 150 people in each of 5 counties (Bayfield, Douglas, Price, Taylor, and Washburn) in 1974. Responses to similar questions asked in a 1973 study of Ashland, Burnett, and Rusk Counties and in a 1974 statewide survey were used for comparisons. Responses to the three areas of concern were categorized as: (1) most important...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Cooperation, Community Problems, Comparative Analysis, Crime, Economic...
The Latin American countries have an immense overall task in providing formal education for more than half the population and in coping with the accumulated deficits of the adult population who did not have access to formal education or who left it prematurely. Latin America's economic capacity to correct this situation is limited. Higher education enrollment is expected to increase more than elementary enrollment in the near future, and there is a perceptible trend toward increasing the number...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Administration, College Faculty, Economic Factors, Educational Change,...
This 2001-2005 strategic plan for Texas Public Community Colleges assesses external as well as internal factors relevant to the role of community colleges in the state. Plan highlights include: (1) between 1995 and 2005, the Texas population is projected to increase by 31%, an annual growth of nearly 2%; (2) the Hispanic population is expected to increase from 30% of the current total population to 40% by 2025; (3) Hispanics and blacks are projected to account for more than 51% of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Education, Administration, Community Colleges, Economic Factors, Economic...
This report describes key policy decisions that have shaped the New Jersey system of higher education during the past third of a century. The study was part of a larger study that aimed at understanding the linkages between policy decisions and higher education performance through comparative case studies of two states in the United States and two states in Mexico. Adding to information from measures developed by the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, this study offers data...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Decentralization, Economic Factors, Educational Policy, Financial...
The Ford Policy Forum is an integral part of the annual symposium of the Forum for the Future of Higher Education. The Forum studies key economic issues likely to influence the quality and performance of colleges and universities. This publication contains the work of the Ford Policy Forum Scholars of 2001 for the annual symposium. In early 1991, before recession was a certainty, the focus for the fall meeting was narrowed to the possible effects of the anticipated depression on higher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conferences, Coping, Economic Factors, Educational Planning, Higher Education,...
Compiled as part of an inventory of current rural development-community resource development resources and activities in 12 Northeastern states, this preliminary bibliography presents 103 publication citations and 12 Pennsylvania State University correspondence course citations. Citations are organized by state as follows: Connecticut (6); Delaware (12); Maine (2); Maryland (4); Massachusetts (6); New Hampshire (3); New Jersey (5); New York (22); Pennsylvania (28); Rhode Island (2); Vermont...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bibliographies, Bulletins, Community Development, Community Resources, Conservation...
Illustrating components of multi-county organization and emphasizing the rewards of area organization when carefully used as a tool to close the gaps between local, state, and Federal governments, this monograph presents the following five chapters: (1) "Key Factors in Area or Regional Boundry Delineation" (natural physical, biological, and human processes; spatial, social, political, and government organization; economic criteria); (2) "Federal, State, and Local Programs...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agency Cooperation, Change Strategies, Citizen Participation, Community Action,...
This document--one of six closely related studies designed to consider employability of rural labor, the impact of industry, and social adjustments in the Mississippi Delta and the Ozarks--examines the socioeconomic factors affecting employment in industry of black Americans living in a rural area of the Mississippi Delta. Madison, Arkansas, the study community, is 25 miles west of Memphis, Tennessee, in St. Francis County. In 1970, Madison had 985 inhabitants, mainly blacks. Researchers...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Employment, Economic Factors, Economically Disadvantaged, Employment Problems,...
The purpose of this report is to clarify the concept, main features, and objectives of the "recurrent education" issue and to spell out the implications that this approach will have for educational and socio-economic policy making. It is suggested that acceptance of the "recurrent education" proposal implies not only a major turning point in educational policies but that it also has important consequences for social and economic policies. Thus there is a need for a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Cultural Influences, Economic Factors, Educational Policy,...
This report, fourth in a series, recounts the most recent data on indicators of the social and economic vitality of U.S. cities and positions the Administration's urban policy agenda to address challenges confronting cities. This year the report identifies four megaforces that are shaping the future of U.S. cities and presents findings showing their impact. The first force is the new high-risk global economy that has been a driver of recent economic expansion in the United States. New...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Housing Needs, Job Training, Poverty, Public Policy, Suburban...
This paper discusses the various educational technology movements and initiatives currently underway in China and the impact they may have on the literacy rate of the Chinese people. Topics addressed include: (1) China's political history and its impact on the educational system, including China under the rule of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, and Jiang Zemin; (2) learning theories, including Modes of Learning Theory, Transformational Learning Theory, and Critical Reflection Theory; (3) adult...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Literacy, Economic Factors, Educational Technology, Foreign Countries,...
Although it has long been known in a general way that smallness is the dominating characteristic of rural schools, it has seldom been realized how small the enrollments of some of these schools are, how their smallness affects educational costs, or what can be done about it. It is the purpose of this study, so far as the data, are available, to review briefly the facts relating to these three aspects of the rural school situation. The smallness of these schools and the relationship of this...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Public Schools, Educational Finance, Costs,...
In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in competency-based degree programs at the postsecondary level. These programs are promising for the future of higher education because they establish clear expectations for what graduates must know and be able to do, and many models have been designed to allow students to learn and earn a degree at their own pace. The emphasis on learning acquired rather than seat time is particularly important for adult and non-traditional learners who bring...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Outcomes of Education, Competency Based Education, Educational Needs,...
Assessing the impact of widely distributed learning opportunities now accessible through distance education must take into account the re-imposition of values and motives long associated with traditional education. The expectations of new higher education consumers should be tempered by institutional acknowledgement of pre-existing value structures and economics, constituting possible limitations on the utility of credentials thereby earned. Nevertheless, a reaffirmed confidence in higher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Distance Education, Access to Education, Open Education, Online Courses, Part Time...
This digest is designed to provide campus leaders with an up-to-date, "bird's eye" view of key issues affecting state colleges and universities. The American Association of State Colleges and Universities conducted is annual State Issues Survey of the Council of State Representatives in 2002 and received 44 responses from 61 college and university presidents and chancellors. Findings show colleges and universities struggling with fewer resources and rising demands. Colleges and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Budgeting, Economic Factors, Educational Finance, Financial Support, Higher...
This document provides a summary of legislative actions and issues in the member states of the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB). The economic slowdown continued to dominate legislative deliberations of state budgets, with midyear cuts the norm rather than the exception. It is expected that 2002-2003 will be another tight year, with shortfalls expected in many states. Budgets were leaner than they were in the early 1990s, and states used various methods to balance their budgets. Some...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Budgets, Court Litigation, Economic Factors, Educational Finance, Elementary...
This 18th "Annual Condition of Education Report" provides a wide range of demographics, statistics, and student achievement data to help Iowans better understand their public educational system. Much of the data in this report demonstrates that that Iowa continues to rate above national averages in areas such as student test scores, teacher quality, and graduation rates. The Iowa Department of Education and its partners continue to work to help Iowa students succeed by providing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teacher Effectiveness, Academic Achievement, Educational Indicators, Annual Reports,...
This report reviews the relationship in England between institutional size and the cost of Level 3 (mainly A-level) provision in three major settings: sixth form colleges (SFCs), general further education colleges (GFECs) and school sixth forms (SSFs). The study models how institutions might behave, given the funding regime and cost structures. It examines quantitative analysis of the accounts of England's GFECs and SFCs (there are no corresponding data for school sixth forms), quantitative and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Size, Educational Finance, Expenditure per Student, Measures (Individuals),...
In the past few years an important beginning has been made toward defining and exploring the major issues in the economics of higher education. The research of economists covers a wide range of problems, from that of the Nation's requirements for college-trained people, to detailed questions of financing. Perhaps no single area of this work offers larger promise than that of research on education as an investment in people. The Division of Higher Education has sought, through this volume, to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Educational Policy, Financial Support, Labor Force Development,...
This Education Policy Brief revisits the evidence of the benefits and impact of prekindergarten programs as documented in the 2006 report, "Closing the Achievement Gap Series: Part I. Is Indiana Ready for State-Sponsored Prekindergarten Programs? Education Policy Brief. Volume 4, Number 7, Summer 2006," and provides updated information on policy and program developments around the United States. Key questions are examined concerning the design of high-quality prekindergarten programs;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, State Aid, Preschool Education, Educational Quality, Government Role, State...
This report includes a high-level overview of student outcome data and how Kansas measures up to the other 49 states. It is meant to complement the other reporting that the Kansas Association of School Boards has released and will be releasing related to improving student outcomes for all Kansas public schools. The following are key findings presented in this report: (1) Kansas ranks 10th in the nation on mastery of basic skills before high school as reported by NAEP; (2) Kansas ranks 5th in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Program Effectiveness, Basic Skills, Reading Achievement,...
This study examines the extent to which women's education affects long-term economic growth in the Asia Pacific region. It focuses on the time period between 1990 and 2010, using data collected in randomly selected Asia Pacific countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. In addition, it emphasizes the impact of female education on economic growth as measured by GDP, literacy, fertility, and the female labor force....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Womens Education, Economic Development, Correlation, Foreign Countries, Living...
Since the "Quality education" was proposed in China in 1997, the Chinese education reform has had some success; however, the resistance of it is also quite obvious. The academic pressure of the students in China is not reduced but increased instead. The paper analyses the resistance of China's education reform and the source of Chinese students' academic pressure from three aspects: China's tradition of academic examinations, one child policy and China's leaping economy.
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational Change, Educational Quality, Resistance to Change,...
To be in honors is to be engaged in many different economic arrangements and exchanges. Honors educators work in concert with their admissions offices while recruiting high-achieving students whose decisions often hinge on how much money the institution can offer in the form of discounts to tuition and financial aid. Honors programs that tie scholarships more directly to honors admission deal with an even more vexed question: do they love us for our innovative learning or for our money? Honors...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Honors Curriculum, Cost Effectiveness, Input Output Analysis, Economic Factors,...
This report reviews the problems of protecting nature in a heavily industrialized democracy such as the United States. Factors contributing to the establishment of protected areas in the United States are traced from the creation of Yellowstone National Park in 1872 to the present. Arguments in defense of wilderness areas consider nature as: (1) a reservoir of normal ecological processes, (2) a sustainer of biological diversity, (3) a formative influence on the national character, (4) a church,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Comparative Analysis, Conservation (Environment), Ecology, Economic...
The likely alternative futures that higher education may face in the next decade are discussed, and suggestions for developing a strategic planning capability in response are offered. It is argued that major demographic, economic, and political disruptions are likely in the 1980s. Demographic trends that will have a major impact on higher education include changes in the numbers and age mix of students, the geographic distribution of educational demand, and students' special needs. Shifts in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Strategies, College Planning, College Role, Economic Factors, Educational...
Findings of this staff report provide a picture of the conditions in which American children and families are living in the 1980s and offer a basis for projecting families' needs in the future. While the findings are not definitive, they reflect consistent themes which have emerged from both the personal testimony presented by parents and children in Select Committee hearings, and the evidence presented by prominent scholars and practitioners. Highlighted are trends in economic security,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Welfare, Day Care, Early Childhood Education, Economic Factors, Elementary...
A study of campus characteristics and crime rates used an economic theory of criminal choice to develop an explanatory model of campus crime. The model considered combinations of opportunities, incentives, and costs found on college campuses that may affect criminal choice. The components included location, accessibility, deterrents and wealth of the higher education campuses. National data on campus crimes and questionnaires sent to institutional research offices and campus police departments...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Campuses, Colleges, Community Characteristics, Crime, Crime Prevention, Economic...
The results of a study which surveyed environmental attitudes and perceptions of residents of the San Antonio, Texas SMSA are presented and discussed. Respondents (N=1088) were selected on the basis of: (1) area stratification (urban, suburban, rural), (2) ethnicity (primarily Anglo and Mexican-American), and (3) economic and educational status (SES) income. The purposes of the study were: (1) to identify and evaluate variations in environmental attitude between and among individuals within the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anglo Americans, Attitudes, Economic Factors, Environmental Education, Ethnicity,...
In recent years policymakers have seized on teacher evaluation as a primary lever for improving schools. Of all school factors--from expanded school calendars to smaller class sizes to community and family engagement programs--teachers contribute the most to student achievement. Policymakers reason that evaluating teachers based on their students' performance will lead to the removal of underperforming educators and an improvement in the overall quality of the teacher workforce. Furthermore,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Teaching Methods, Cooperation, Unions, Collective Bargaining,...
There is a great need of accurate information in regard to educational conditions in rural communities throughout the country. The ordinary statistics of rural schools and other agencies of education and their results give only averages and fail to tell the truth about any particular agency or result. Much good would come from a complete educational survey of the United States and such a survey should be made. But it would cost many thousands of dollars and is far beyond the resources of this...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Rural Areas, Rural Education, Counties, Rural Schools, School Surveys, Suburbs,...
Foundations are the forces that influence the minds of curriculum developers, which affect the content and structure of the curriculum. These forces are beliefs and orientations as well as conceptions of learning and the needs of society. Foundation of curriculum is rooted with the foundation of education. Historically, modern curriculum and education in Ethiopia is associated with traditional church education, mainly the Orthodox Church. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church curriculum is not well...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Curriculum Development, Educational History, Rote Learning,...
This is the fourth report in the Sallie Mae series "How America Saves for College," which launched in 2009. To understand how American families are planning for their children's education, the study captures data on parents' decision-making about savings, the use of savings vehicles, and the amount they save, as well as attitudes toward paying for their children's future college education. Ipsos conducted online interviews with 2,020 parents with a child under the age of 18 in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Parent Attitudes, Paying for College, Higher Education, Money Management, Parent...
The Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics' primary mission is to enhance data collection and reporting on children and families. "America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2015" provides the Nation with a summary of national indicators of children's well-being and monitors changes in these indicators. The reasons for this report are to: (1) improve reporting of Federal data on children and families; (2) make these data available in an easy-to-use,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Well Being, Social Indicators, Children, National Surveys, Data Collection, Access to...
The Roma, also known as gypsies or "tsinganoi," are amongst the oldest ethnic minorities in Europe. Nonetheless, they have been one of the most universally marginalized groups across all of the European nations. Their marginalization is evident in how Roma children have been treated in schools. Until recently, most nations have only offered them a segregated education. In this article, the author reports on preliminary data from an ethnographic study of how and what Roma children in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ethnography, Foreign Countries, Migrants, Minority Groups, Social Bias, Equal...
A description of the current patterns, terms, and conditions of Eximbank commercial jet aircraft export financing is given. Some discussion of the factors affecting export financing will be noted.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, JET AIRCRAFT,...
