The author examines popular and research literature related to the factors and practices that influence the attitudes of classified school employees toward their work, their work environment, and the people with whom they interact. Specific topics covered are (1) factors for improving worker motivation and morale; (2) satisfaction with the work activities; (3) worker reactions to authority and supervisory activities; (4) employee attitudes toward school district policies and administrative...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Administration, Educational Policy, Employee Attitudes, Employer Employee...
Given the centrality of the topic of transfer of learning to so many areas of workplace education, this discussion paper (in both English and French versions) draws together research results and practical techniques to help practitioners in the field. Part 1 defines transfer of learning. Part 2 describes factors that influence the transfer of learning. It considers barriers identified by research: lack of reinforcement on the job in applying training to the job; interference by the immediate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Corporate Education, Employer Employee Relationship, Foreign...
This report discusses the outcomes of a South Dakota project designed to develop and validate a natural support system involving typical co-workers providing on the job training and support to individuals with disabilities. The Co-Worker Mentoring in Supported Employment (CMSE) project had the following outcomes: (1) job development activities resulted in 34 individuals with severe disabilities placed in community-based jobs; (2) 32 co-worker mentors from local businesses provided training and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Community Programs, Disabilities, Employer Attitudes, Employer Employee...
This report provides a review of the United Kingdom (UK) and international literature about initiatives to stimulate demand for post-16 learning. Chapter 1 introduces sources and method. Chapter 2 outlines the current pattern of participation in learning activity in the UK and identifies the main barriers impeding further involvement. Chapters 3-5 describe a range of initiatives aimed at stimulating demand for learning across the world. Initiatives have been categorized into three broad types....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Demonstration Programs, Education Work Relationship, Educational Demand, Employer...
Meeting the challenges of delivering a 21st-century curriculum and a world-class quality education ultimately depends on the willingness of the staff on the ground to give 100% effort to their jobs. Although many people in schools work very hard, some staff members are way down on the scale with regard to performance. All too often, a significant number of staff members drag their heels and give only what is expected of them. This attitude poses problems for education leaders charged with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Professional Development, Staff Development, Employer Employee...
In the future, seven trends--already firmly established--will become dominant in the world of work. Those trends are as follows: (1) middle management positions will continue to be cut; (2) project teams will be assembled for a single purpose; (3) more women will have executive leadership roles; (4) organizations will continue to increase their use of subcontractors; (5) more workers will telecommute from their homes; (6) lifelong learning will be more important; and (7) strategic advantages...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Employer Employee Relationship, Employment Patterns, Employment...
The benefits to employers of employment policies and practices that explicitly recognize the increasing domestic responsibilities of current and potential employees were examined through a study during which data were collected from the following sources: previous research and existing sources of statistical information about demographic and employment changes in the United Kingdom; unpublished Institute for Employment Studies data regarding more than 20,000 employees in 5 public and private...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Factors, Employer Attitudes, Employer Employee Relationship, Employer...
This booklet is one of six texts from a workplace literacy curriculum designed to assist learners in facing the increased demands of the workplace. The booklet contains five sections that cover the following topics: (1) importance of reliability; (2) meaning of quality assurance; (3) historical development of quality assurance; (4) statistical process control; and (5) statistical tools (checklist, fishbone, flowchart, histogram, control chart, run chart, pareto chart, and scattergram). (KC)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Employer Employee Relationship, Management Teams, On the Job...
Factors affecting the loyalty of students in Universitas Terbuka are investigated in this paper. The aim was to elucidate how all the variables such as trust, satisfaction and participation interrelate with one another. Loyalty was the dependent variable; trust, satisfaction and participation were the independent variables. Data were accumulated using instruments in the form of questionnaires. The population was students registered in the first semester of 2014. Respondents were taken...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Trust (Psychology), Satisfaction, Student Attitudes, Foreign Countries,...
Changes in production systems have altered the interdependence between workers and management. New patterns of interdependence brought new responses, e.g., workers formed unions, and management turned to the human relations movement to secure voluntary employee cooperation. When voluntary compliance proved inadequate, collective bargaining and arbitration emerged. In the 1970's, low productivity spurred the quality of work movement, an effort to move from coercion of employees to employee...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, Arbitration, Collective Bargaining, Employer Employee Relationship,...
The 1986 Merit Principles Survey asked federal employees to share their opinions and experiences on a variety of issues. The survey queried a group of 16,651 employees that was representative of the full-time permanent work force in 22 of the largest federal agencies. Results showed that many federal employees held positive views of their jobs and that this viewpoint was increasing. Supervision accounted for at least some of these positive perceptions. A greater percentage of employees covered...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Employee Attitudes, Employer Employee Relationship, Employment Practices,...
Based on visits to unionized campuses, this study determined how some imaginative higher education administrators and faculty representatives resolve disputes under a collective bargaining contract. The focus of the study was on the informal working relationships that helped to resolve conflict either within or outside the contractual procedures. Although grievance procedures were studied and discussed, they were considered to provide only the framework within which the parties attempted to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Arbitration, Collective Bargaining, College Faculty, Conflict Resolution, Employer...
A study compared male and female managers' preferences for using communication-based as opposed to power-centered strategies for resolving employer-employee disputes. Subjects, 40 male and 40 female middle and upper level managers, were interviewed and asked to report their preferred manner of resolving four different personnel problems: (1) an employee reluctantly complies with a manager's order to do a task not included in his or her job description, (2) an employee goes beyond boundaries of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Communication Skills, Conflict Resolution, Employer Employee...
The employment relationship in public schools is governed by constitutional mandates, federal and state statutes, administrative regulations, and contractual obligations. This chapter discusses fundamental aspects of the employment relationship that are influenced by legal principles derived from state law, local district policy and practice, and the unique terms of a particular employment contract. The first part covers employment qualifications of faculty and staff. Issues discussed include...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Collective Bargaining, Contracts, Court Litigation, Elementary Secondary Education,...
This review of the Strathcona County school system (Alberta, Canada) makes recommendations based on information gathered in 1986. Following an introductory chapter, chapter 2 summarizes findings and recommendations. The review involved surveys of employees, community members, and community groups. Recommendations concern organization, evaluation, public input, and reporting to the board. Chapter 3 characterizes organization and staffing, financial indicators, and enrollment. Methods of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Organization, County School Districts, Educational Assessment,...
This document reports the oral and written testimony of five witnesses who addressed the accuracy, uses, abuses, and possible benefits of drug testing in the workplace at a Congressional hearing. The hearing was conducted to discuss H.R. 691, the Employee Drug Testing Protection Act, which would prohibit drug testing in the workplace except in specific incidents. During the hearing, testimony was given by two doctors, a United States Representative, a representative of the General Accounting...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Dismissal (Personnel), Drug Abuse, Employee Attitudes, Employer Attitudes,...
This annotated bibliography contains selected sources on reduction in force indexed in the ERIC system. Most of the journal articles and documents annotated here deal with the impact of declining enrollments on school staffs, with changes in personnel policy to cope with the need to reduce the number of employees in elementary schools, secondary schools, and junior colleges, and with the legal aspects of reduction in force, as well as with other areas. While the majority of these sources...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Declining Enrollment, Educational Administration,...
While concerns grow regarding the possible "decline" of America's traditional work ethics, there is a growing interest in Japanese economic successes and work ethics. This study compares the work ethics of American and Japanese men. A questionnaire was designed to measure values related to America's "Protestant work ethics" and to traditional Japanese work ethics. Work Ethic Questionnaires were distributed to samples of 220 American and 368 Japanese employed men. T-test...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Differences, Employee...
Adversarial collective bargaining often leads to lingering resentments. Collaborative bargaining, conversely, is a problem-solving approach to contract negotiations based on common interests and mutual respect. It is estimated that at least 500 school districts nationwide incorporate major elements of the collaborative approach in their collective bargaining. Elements that help to foster cooperation are trust and respect for colleagues. For school districts to incorporate collaborative...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Collective Bargaining, Cooperative Planning, Educational Cooperation, Elementary...
This final evaluation report describes the Curriculum-Based Vocational Assessment (CBVA) project of the Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS). The program serves mildly handicapped (learning disabled and mildly retarded) secondary level students in 18 regular vocational education courses delivered in 45 middle, junior high, and senior high schools in DoDDS schools in Germany. CBVA assessment forms for 1,811 students were completed by 317 teachers, job placement coordinators, or work...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Course Evaluation, Dependents Schools, Employer Employee Relationship, Employment...
Overall, federal and state tax codes treat employer investments in human capital more favorably than investment in physical plant and equipment. The most important advantage is that training expenditures can be dispensed immediately, rather than depreciated over time, possibly resulting in a subsidy of 33 percent. In addition, employers who use public institutions to train their workers will rarely have to pay the full cost of these services. Employer-provided training is important for the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Dropout Prevention, Education Work Relationship, Employer Attitudes, Employer...
This publication highlights the role of the tutor (a person providing on-the-job training to new hires and persons moving into new jobs while still functioning in the same or a similar job, rather than being a full-time trainer) in industry through a comparative study of these four European countries: Austria, France, Germany, and Spain. Following a review of the issue of tutors, which sets the criteria for identifying tutoring and the characteristics of the tutor's role by Anne de...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Educators, Developed Nations, Educational Needs, Employer Employee...
The Mississippi State Board for Community and Junior College Policy and Procedures Manual has been established by the State Board to govern its actions and activities and those of the staff. It describes polices and procedures regarding board operations, staff employment, staff workplace, employee performance/grievance procedure, staff positions, leaves and absences, employment benefits, business management, and programs. The following are some of the specific issues addressed in the manual:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Policy, Community Colleges, Employees, Employer Employee Relationship,...
This document contains the following five papers, all in both English and Korean, from a workshop on on-the-job training held in Korea in 2001: "Issues in Knowledge and Skills Development: Globalization and the Effective Use of New Technologies" (S. Ian Cummings); "The Knowledge Economy and Vocational Training Policy in Korea" (Chul-Gyun Jung); "A Scheme to Incorporate a Concept of Learning Organization into an Enterprise" (Lee Young Hyun); "Corporate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change, Corporate Education, Developed Nations, Education Work Relationship,...
The issue of increasing productivity was examined from an interdisciplinary perspective focusing on the impact of workplace practices on various productivity-related outcomes. First, the following methodological issues were discussed: defining workplace practices that affect productivity; linking employer behavior and organizational performance; dealing with the complexity of interrelated factors; reverse causality; bias from selection into the program; bias from the research and publication...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjustment (to Environment), Adoption (Ideas), Adult Education, Compensation...
The Changing Employment Relationships Project examined the importance of good employment relationships for workers, employers, and public policy. A nationally representative sample of 2,500 employed Canadians was surveyed, and 8 focus groups were conducted. The research findings were analyzed to explain the multidimensional nature of the relationships linking workers with employers, business clients, and other workers. The analysis also focused on "nonstandard work," including...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjustment (to Environment), Collegiality, Compliance (Legal), Contracts,...
Public Service Employment slots can be developed in three ways: (1) by establishing a pool of jobs into which trainees can be placed; (2) by developing individualized slots for each trainee; (3) by combining the pool and individualized approaches. In terms of administrative and cost efficiency, there is little difference between the pool and the individualized approach. The pool approach has several drawbacks from the employer's standpoint: some slots may be unfilled for long periods of time;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employer Employee Relationship, Employment Programs, Employment Services, Individual...
Part 1 of this paper presents some logical and conceptual distinctions between job satisfaction and organizational climate, the former being viewed as micro, evaluative, individual perceptions of personal events and experiences the latter as macro, relatively descriptive, organizational level perceptions that are abstractions of organizational practices and procedures. Part 2 proposes a formal definition of climate as meaningful perceptions (concepts) people share and which function to help...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affective Behavior, Concept Formation, Employer Employee Relationship, Individual...
This report examines the extent of policy bargaining, as well as factors that might explain variation in its extent. Results of interviews in 6 districts with over 15,000 enrollment indicate that bargaining is more extensive than predicted in the curriculum, student placement, and teacher selection areas. States without the teacher strike option also have more bargaining, but no relationship was found between policy bargaining and union affiliation. Status quo provisions that freeze working...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Collective Bargaining, Contracts, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education,...
This report is a digest of a larger work, "Developments in Paid Leave of Absence," a report including case studies and analysis of the collective experience of nine European countries and the United States with paid educational leave. Section I defines paid educational leave as "leave given to an employee for educational purposes for a specified period during working hours, with adequate financial entitlements." Section II discusses developments within the International...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Adult Programs, Comparative Education, Educational Opportunities,...
Career development has evolved from the mid-1970s, when it was rarely linked with the word "organizational," to Walter Storey's work in organizational career development at General Electric in 1978. Its evolution has continued with career development workshops in organizations in the early 1980s to implementation of Corning's organizational career development systems. A 1991 survey of 1,000 organizations revealed nearly 70 percent had or were beginning career development systems....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Benchmarking, Career Development, Career Planning, Employer Employee...
Guidelines for planning child care services and information about employer-related child care services are presented as an aid to employers, union leaders, and employee groups. Guidelines are provided for (1) planning child care involvement (setting up a task force, doing a needs assessment and a cost analysis, and choosing from the various forms of child care involvement); (2) funding (identifying the tax and liability features of specific program approaches, and investigating union and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Building Design, Day Care Centers, Employer Employee Relationship, Facility Planning,...
An intensive two-phase study of teachers' unions in three small school districts in southern New York State over a 10-year span investigates the changes within the union movement and assesses the impact of unionization on the school systems. The study discloses that teachers' organizations and the collective bargaining process are subject, over time, to internal and external constraints that restrict the scope and direction of union activity to teacher welfare issues, despite the sincere...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Arbitration, Collective Bargaining, Elementary Secondary Education, Employer Employee...
The pilot Job Effectiveness Training (JET) workplace basic skills program, developed by Canada's Alberta Vocational College (AVC), Edmonton, for Stelco Steel during 1989-90, was evaluated in terms of impacts or changes from the perspective of the four major stakeholder groups: the students (12 Stelco employees); the employers (Stelco management); the institution (administration of AVC); and the government funding agencies. Impacts were determined through structured interviews, with an...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Basic Education, Adult Literacy, Basic Skills, College Programs, Cost...
School business officials' days are filled with numbers and reports--audits, balance sheets, check registers, financial statements, journal entries, vouchers, and warrant reports, just to name a few. Those are all important tools that school business officers use to manage the financial resources of the district effectively. However, they are also responsible for managing human resources. Most of them are not born with keen management skills; those skills need to be learned, nurtured, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Business Officials, Work Environment, Educational Finance, Reports, Human...
This report examines training provided to young persons by employers during the 1986-90 period. Data from the Youth cohort of the National Longitudinal Surveys provided information on a sample of young men and women who were between the ages of 14 and 22 in 1979 and who have been interviewed annually since then. The study focused on three questions: who received training; the duration of training, as measured in weeks; and the intensity of training, as measured by hours per week. Some of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Blacks, Demography, Employed Women, Employer Employee Relationship, Employment...
Given the diversity of existing patterns of regulations and agencies, this directory is intended to be a guide to the administrative structure and functional responsibilities of the agencies within the various states for the conduct of public sector labor relations. It is not meant to be a statutory analysis nor does it deal with the extent of activity or the impact of these agencies upon the climate of public employee-management relations within their respective jurisdictions. For each of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Agencies, Directories, Employer Employee Relationship, Labor...
Hypotheses generated from organization theory stated that if the primary responsibilities in decision making shifted in either direction between faculty and administrators, there would be a resultant change in their organizational environment. In this paper six community colleges were analyzed for change in organizational structure after the institution had been subjected to external forces resulting from the onset of collective negotiations. Representatives from the administration and the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Arbitration, Collective Bargaining, Employer Employee Relationship, Evaluation...
Innovators in supported employment for individuals with severe disabilities have made important conceptual shifts by broadening their understanding of the resources that they assess and organize as they assist a person with a disability to do a competent job. There have been two important shifts in the service perspective in evaluating what it takes to get a job done. The first shift has expanded the focus from the person alone to the person plus a skilled coach, and involves assessing the job...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Employer Employee Relationship, Employment Potential, Helping Relationship,...
The purposes of this report are to present the narrations of the slide-tape presentation "Cultural Differences in Industry," and a readers theater script "Understanding Cultural Differences," and to document and describe their development and possible use. These materials were designed as training tools for teaching cultural differences between the black ghetto culture and white middle-class culture, primarily to white college students and white supervisors and foremen. By...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Culture, Cross Cultural Training, Culture Conflict, Employer Employee...
Included in these Proceedings are papers and discussion transcriptions of the 1975 Personnel Evaluation Institute. The collected papers deal with the theme of personnel performance evaluation in public, academic, and special libraries. Topics include management fundamentals, developing and using personnel evaluation systems, the library director and staff evaluation, the human element in organization, and employee evaluation in general. A bibliography, the conference program, participant list,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, College Libraries, Conference Reports, Conferences, Employer Employee...
Although "whistle blowing" (public protest by employees of management decisions) is being reported with increasing frequency, this paper points out that organizational communication researchers have not examined the phenomenon. The paper offers a review of current literature on the topic and presents a model, drawn from an examination of 51 whistle blowing episodes, of the steps through which such incidents progress. It also reviews selected areas of organizational communication...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Conflict, Dissent, Employer Employee Relationship, Literature...
This document examines employment and social policy in the European Union in 1999-2001. The document begins with an interview with Anna Diamantopoulou, the European Union's commissioner for employment and social affairs and the paper "Balancing Jobs, Cohesion, and Productivity" by Odile Quintin, the European Union's director-general for employment and social affairs. The following are among the topics discussed in the document's nine sections: (1) the European employment strategy...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Coordination, Employed Women, Employer Employee Relationship, Employment, Employment...
The social condition known as postmodernity has an impact upon education in that it creates global marketplaces, increased marginalization of more workers, and privatization of institutions, including educational institutions. The postmodern culture revolves around the excesses of marketing and consumption and the social relations of postindustrial capitalism. In this world, "fast capitalism" requires workers to be adaptive and proactive to change and to become "partners" in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Continuing Education, Critical Thinking, Cultural Awareness,...
Although educational leaders have been coping with declining enrollment for almost a decade, educational researchers have begun to focus on the topic only recently. The first part of this introduction to a special issue of the Peabody Journal of Education briefly summarizes the contents of the subsequent essays, which are intended to bridge the gap between researchers and practitioners. The introduction's second part provides a conceptual framework for the essays, discussing the problem of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Boards of Education, Decision Making, Declining Enrollment, Educational Equity...
State public employee collective bargaining laws affecting education are summarized in this booklet. State provisions and laws relative to coverage, exclusion, determination of bargaining units, union security, administrative roles, management rights, impasse procedures, grievance procedures, unfair practices, and deadline dates are compared. Provisions regarding open meeting requirements are discussed. The implementation of bargaining laws in 31 states are summarized and compared. An appendix...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Collective Bargaining, Court Litigation, Elementary Secondary Education, Employer...
This paper provides background information and a preliminary discussion of issues to be addressed during a one-day conference on "Future Directions in Work-Related Day Care," sponsored jointly by the Child in the City program and the Social Planning Council of Metropolitan Toronto. After describing the context, needs and historical development of work-related day care in the United States and Canada, the authors outline alternative models through which these kinds of services may be...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Day Care, Day Care Centers, Early Childhood Education, Employed Parents, Employer...
Many studies have suggested that supervisor performance and employee knowledge of organizational policies are related--that the better supervisors are those who are more sensitive to their communication responsibilities so that they tend to give clear instructions and keep their subordinates properly informed. A study was devised to test this hypothesis. Two hospitals were selected for the study, and questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data from a cross-section of employees on...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication (Thought Transfer), Employer Employee Relationship, Knowledge Level,...
The manual was used at a 1.5 day workshop for job coaches, individuals designated to train a disabled worker in the on-the-job setting. Each section usually provides basic information, opportunity for participation, and handouts summarizing techniques. The section on awareness covers normalization, expectation, and communication. Considered in the section on teaching strategies are: ABCs of behavior, prompting, shaping, fading, and trying another way (encouraging the worker to experiment)....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Behavior Modification, Disabilities, Employer Employee Relationship,...
The drug-testing plans covering 11 of the 12 civilian federal cabinet-level agencies met the requirements of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services guidelines, and the guidelines themselves were found to contain the elements required by Public Law 100-71. However, the drug-testing plans differ, so employees may find different circumstances depending on where they work. The frequency at which employees in testing designated positions (TDPs) would be tested varies from an annual testing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Drug Abuse, Drug Legislation, Drug Use Testing, Employer Employee Relationship,...
