iv, 185 leaves : 28 cm
Topics: Fischer-Tropsch process, Catalysts
v, 133 leaves : 28 cm
Topics: Fischer-Tropsch process, Catalysts
"April, 1947."
Topics: Fischer-Tropsch process, Catalysts, Hydrocarbons, Hydrogen, Carbon monoxide
"August, 1949."
Topics: Fischer-Tropsch process, Catalysts, Hydrocarbons, Hydrogen, Carbon monoxide
Catalyst compositions and methods for F-T synthesis which exhibit high CO conversion with minor levels (preferably less than 35% and more preferably less than 5%) or no measurable carbon dioxide generation. F-T active catalysts are prepared by reduction of certain oxygen deficient mixed metal oxides.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, CATALYSTS, PATENTS, SYNTHESIS...
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Armstrong, Lincoln; Kelly, Mary; Nester, Amie; Schindler, Theodore; Young, Michael; Colon, John; King, Joseph; Parr, Jennifer; Small, Kenneth; Finch, Chad; McCreary, James; Rodecap, Nathan; Sunshine, Nicholus
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Energy reform in the United States Department of the Navy is currently a leading priority. Supporting reform efforts, the Honorable Ray Mabus, Secretary of the Navy, set a goal to sail a \"Green Strike Group\" composed of ships powered by alternative fuels by 2016. This report details considerations for implementing an alternative fuel for the Green Strike Group. This is accomplished by developing the requirements for an alternative fuel, analyzing several potential candidates, and...
Topics: Alternative fuel, fueling infrastructure, fuel distribution, systems engineering, Green Strike...
Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) jet fuel composition differs from petroleum-based, conventional commercial jet fuel because of differences in feedstock and production methodology. F-T fuel typically has a lower aromatic and sulfur content and consists primarily of iso and normal paraffins. The ASTM D3241 specification for Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Test (JFTOT) break point testing method was used to test the breakpoint of a baseline commercial grade F-T jet fuel, and various blends of this F-T fuel with...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, FUEL TESTS, THERMAL STABILITY, JET...
It is not the intent here to present a comprehensive review of the dynamic behavior of the catalytic oxidation of CO. This reaction is one of the most widely studied in the field of catalysis. A review paper by Engel and Ertl has examined the basic kinetic and mechanistic aspects, and a comprehensive paper by Razon and Schmitz was recently devoted to its dynamic behavior. Those interested in further study of the subject should consult these reviews and a number of general review papers on...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON MONOXIDE, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, OSCILLATIONS, OXIDATION,...
Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) jet fuel composition differs from petroleum-based, conventional commercial jet fuel because of differences in feedstock and production methodology. Fischer-Tropsch fuel typically has a lower aromatic and sulfur content and consists primarily of iso and normal parafins. The ASTM D3241 specification for Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Test (JFTOT) break point testing method was used to test the breakpoint of a baseline conventional Jet A, a commercial grade F-T jet fuel, and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), THERMAL STABILITY, STABILITY TESTS, JET ENGINE FUELS,...
When hydrogen, nitrogen and CO arc exposed to amorphous iron silicate surfaces at temperatures between 500 - 900K, a carbonaceous coating forms via Fischer-Tropsch type reactions!, Under normal circumstances such a catalytic coating would impede or stop further reaction. However, we find that this coating is a better catalyst than the amorphous iron silicates that initiate these rcactions:u . The formation of a self-perpetuating catalytic coating on grain surfaces could explain the rich...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AMORPHOUS MATERIALS, FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, COATING, METAL...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, HYDROCARBON FUELS, THERMAL...
In this paper we consider six possible sources of CH4 and other low-mass (C2 - C5) organics in the plume of Enceladus: initial endowments of cometary organics or Titan- like tholin, in situ production by Fisher-Tropsch type reactions, water-rock reactions, or microbiology, and thermogenesis from heavier organics already present. We report on new laboratory results C2 hydrocarbons released on thermogenesis of laboratory tholin and Fisher-Tropsch type synthesis. Tholin heating produced ratios of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENCELADUS, METHANE, PLUMES, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS,...
We have been studying Fischer-Tropsch type (FTT) reactions as a source for organic materials both in the gas phase of the solar nebula and incorporated into primitive comets and asteroids for almost 10 years, and over this time our concept has evolved greatly from the standard "catalytic" model to a much more robust chemical scenario. Our simulations have been conducted at temperatures that are much higher than we like, primarily for practical reasons such as the timescale of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMETS, ASTEROIDS, FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, METAMORPHISM...
More than 95% of silicate minerals and other oxides found in meteorites were melted, or vaporized and recondensed in the Solar Nebula prior to their incorporation into meteorite parent bodies. Gravitational accretion energy and heating via radioactive decay further transformed oxide minerals accreted into planetesimals. In such an oxygen-rich environment the carbonaceous dust that fell into the nebula as an intimate mixture with oxide grains should have been almost completely converted to CO....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON, DUST, MOLECULAR CLOUDS, SOLAR NEBULA, INTERSTELLAR...
Fatty acids and fatty alcohols are commonly found in experiments simulating the prebiotic 'soup'. These amphiphiles can be synthesized under prebiotic conditions, at least as long as the molecules are chemically relatively simple and do not need to be enantiomerically pure. In the context of topical origin-of-life theories, two distinct formation pathways for amphiphiles have been described; one related to geophysical sites, such as marine hydrothermal systems, and another to extraterrestrial...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FATTY ACIDS, NUCLEOTIDES, CHEMICAL EVOLUTION, PROTOBIOLOGY,...
Observation of methane in the Martian atmosphere has been reported by different detection techniques. Reduction of CO2 and/or CO during serpentization by mineral surface catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch Type (FTT) synthesis may be one possible process responsible for methane generation on Mars. With the evidence a recent study has discovered for serpentinization in deeply buried carbon rich sediments, and more showing extensive water-rock interaction in Martian history, it seems likely that abiotic...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON ISOTOPES, CATALYSIS, MARS (PLANET), METHANE, ORGANIC...
When hydrogen, nitrogen and CO are exposed to amorphous iron silicate surfaces at temperatures between 500 - 900K, a carbonaceous coating forms via Fischer-Tropsch type reactions. Under normal circumstances such a catalytic coating would impede or stop further reaction. However, we find that this coating is a better catalyst than the amorphous iron silicates that initiate these reactions. The formation of a self-perpetuating catalytic coating on grain surfaces could explain the rich deposits of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COATINGS, METEORITES, ORGANIC MATERIALS, SURFACE REACTIONS,...
There has been an ongoing debate about the relative importance about the various chemical reactions that fonned organics in the early solar system. One proposed method that has long been recognized as a potential source of organics is Fischer-Tropsch type (FTT) synthesis. This process is commonly used in industry to produce fuels (i.e., complex hydrocarbons) by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Hill and Nuth were the first to publish results of FTT experiments that also included...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, METEORITES, ORGANIC MATERIALS, AMINO...
There are at least 3 separate photochemical self-shielding models with different degrees of commonality. All of these models rely on the selective absorption of (12))C(16)O dissociative photons as the radiation source penetrates through the gas allowing the production of reactive O-17 and O-18 atoms within a specific volume. Each model also assumes that the undissociated C(16)O is stable and does not participate in the chemistry of nebular dust grains. In what follows we will argue that this...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS, SOLAR NEBULA, SHIELDING, CARBON...
Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) jet fuel composition differs from petroleum-based, conventional commercial jet fuel because of differences in feedstock and production methodology. Fischer-Tropsch fuel typically has a lower aromatic and sulfur content and consists primarily of iso and normal parafins. The ASTM D3241 specification for Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Test (JFTOT) break point testing method was used to test the breakpoint of a baseline conventional Jet A, a commercial grade F-T jet fuel, and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), THERMAL STABILITY, FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, JET ENGINE FUELS,...
Fischer-Tropsch Type (FTT) synthesis of organic compounds has been hypothesized to occur in the early solar nebula that formed our Solar System. FTT is a collection of abiotic chemical reactions that convert a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen over nano-catalysts into hydrocarbons and other more complex aromatic compounds. We hypothesized that FTT can generate similar organic compounds as those seen in chondritic meteorites; fragments of asteroids that are characteristic of the early...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, METEORITES,...
Fischer-Tropsch-Type (FTT) reactions have been hypothesized to contribute to the formation of organic compounds in the early solar system, but it has been difficult to identify a signature of such reactions in meteoritic organics. The work reported here examined whether temperature-dependent carbon isotopic fractionation of FTT reactions might provide such a signature. Analyses of bulk organic deposits resulting from FTT experiments show a slight trend towards lighter carbon isotopic ratios...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, CARBON, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, ISOTOPIC...
Due to environmental, economic, and security issues, there is a greater need for cleaner alternative fuels. There will undoubtedly be a shift from crude oil to non-petroleum sources as a feedstock for aviation (and other transportation) fuels. Additionally, efforts are concentrated on reducing costs coupled with fuel production from non-conventional sources. One solution to this issue is Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid technology. Fischer-Tropsch processing of synthesis gas (CO/H2) produces a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CATALYSIS, FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, PLATINUM, SILVER, FUEL...
Combustion performance of a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) jet fuel manufactured by Sasol was compared to JP-8 and a 50-50 blend of the two fuels, using the NASA/Woodward 9 point Lean Direct Injector (LDI) in its baseline configuration. The baseline LDI configuration uses 60deg axial air-swirlers, whose vanes generate clockwise swirl, in the streamwise sense. For all cases, the fuel-air equivalence ratio was 0.455, and the combustor inlet pressure and pressure drop were 10-bar and 4 percent. The three...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), JET ENGINE FUELS, FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, FUEL-AIR RATIO,...
We report results of experiments to measure the C isotope composition of mineral catalyzed organic compounds derived from high temperature and high pressure synthesis. These experiments make use of an innovative pyrolysis technique designed to extract and measure C isotopes. To date, our experiments have focused on the pyrolysis and C isotope ratio measurements of low-molecular weight intermediary hydrocarbons (organic acids and alcohols) and serve as a proof of concept for making C and H...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON ISOTOPES, CATALYSIS, HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS, ORGANIC...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and zirconium oxide on alumina supported cobalt catalysts. The hypothesis was that the presence of lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, and zirconium oxide would reduce the interaction between cobalt and the alumina support. This was of interest because an optimized weakened interaction could lead to the most advantageous cobalt dispersion, particle size, and reducibility. The presence of these oxides on the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, COBALT, TITANIUM OXIDES, LANTHANUM...
Observations of carbon isotopic fractionation of various organic compounds found in meteorites may provide useful diagnostic information concerning the environments and mechanisms that were responsible for their formation. Unfortunately, carbon has only two stable isotopes, making interpretation of such observations quite problematic. Chemical reactions can increase or decrease the C-13/C-12 ratio by various amounts, but the final ratio will depend on the total reaction pathway followed from...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON 13, IONIC REACTIONS, METEORITES, FISCHER-TROPSCH...
Due to environmental, economic, and security issues, there is a greater need for cleaner alternative fuels. There will undoubtedly be a shift from crude oil to non-petroleum sources as a feedstock for aviation (and other transportation) fuels. Additionally, efforts are concentrated on reducing costs coupled with fuel production from non-conventional sources. One solution to this issue is Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid technology. Fischer-Tropsch processing of synthesis gas (CO/H2) produces a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, AIRCRAFT FUELS, CATALYSTS, SYNTHESIS...
NASA Glenn has invested over $1.5 million in engineering, and infrastructure upgrades to renovate an existing test facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), which is now being used as an Alternative Fuels Laboratory. Facility systems have demonstrated reliability and consistency for continuous and safe operations in Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis and thermal stability testing. This effort is supported by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Subsonic Fixed Wing project. The purpose of this...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRCRAFT FUELS, FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, THERMAL STABILITY,...
As the oil supply declines, there is a greater need for cleaner alternative fuels. There will undoubtedly be a shift from crude oil to non-petroleum sources as a feedstock for aviation (and other transportation) fuels. The Fischer-Tropsch process uses a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen which is converted into various liquid hydrocarbons; this versatile gas-to-liquid technology produces a complex product stream of paraffins, olefins, and oxygenated compounds such as alcohols and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRCRAFT FUELS, CATALYSTS, COBALT OXIDES, CRUDE OIL,...
NASA Glenn Research Center has recently constructed an Alternative Fuels Laboratory which is solely being used to perform Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reactor studies, novel catalyst development and thermal stability experiments. Facility systems have demonstrated reliability and consistency for continuous and safe operations in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The purpose of this test facility is to conduct bench scale Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) catalyst screening experiments while focusing on reducing energy...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, LIQUID FUELS, CATALYSTS, REACTION...
The formation of abundant carbonaceous material in meteorites is a long standing problem and an important factor in the debate on the potential for the origin of life in other stellar systems. The Fischer-Tropsch-type (FTT) catalytic reduction of CO by hydrogen was once the preferred model for production of organic materials in the primitive solar nebula. We have demonstrated that many grain surfaces can catalyze both FTT and HB-type reactions, including amorphous iron and magnesium silicates,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AMORPHOUS MATERIALS, GRAPHITE, IRON, RARE GASES, CHEMICAL...
Photochemical self-shielding of CO has been proposed as a mechanism to produce solids observed in the modern, O-16 depleted solar system. This is distinct from the relatively O-16 enriched composition of the solar nebula, as demonstrated by the oxygen isotopic composition of the contemporary sun. While supporting the idea that self-shielding can produce local enhancements in O-16 depleted solids, we argue that complementary enhancements of O-16 enriched solids can also be produced via CO-16...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR NEBULA, CARBON MONOXIDE, OXYGEN, SOLAR SYSTEM,...
ASTM D3241/Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Tester (JFTOT) procedure, the standard method for testing thermal stability of conventional aviation turbine fuels is inherently limited due to the subjectivity in the color standard for tube deposit rating. Quantitative assessment of the physical characteristics of oxidative fuel deposits provides a more powerful method for comparing the thermal oxidation stability characteristics of fuels, especially in a research setting. We propose employing a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRCRAFT FUELS, CHARACTERIZATION, ELLIPSOMETRY, FILM...
Abiotic generation of complex organic compounds, in the early solar nebula that formed our solar system, is hypothesized by some to occur via Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. In its simplest form, FT synthesis involves the low temperature (<300degC) catalytic reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases to form more complex hydrocarbon compounds, primarily n-alkanes, via reactive nano-particulate iron, nickel, or cobalt, for example. Industrially, this type of synthesis has been...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, SOLAR NEBULA, SOLAR SYSTEM, CATALYSTS,...
We report results of experiments to measure the H isotope composition of organic acids and alcohols. These experiments make use of a pyroprobe interfaced with a GC and high temperature extraction furnace to make quantitative H isotope measurements. This work compliments our previous work that focused on the extraction and analysis of C isotopes from the same compounds [1]. Together with our carbon isotope analyses our experiments serve as a "proof of concept" for making C and H...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HYDROGEN ISOTOPES, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, CARBON ISOTOPES,...
The performance and gaseous emissions were measured for a well-stirred reactor operating under lean conditions for two fuels: JP8 and a synthetic Fisher-Tropsch fuel over a range of equivalence ratios from 0.6 down to the lean blowout. The lean blowout characteristics were determined in LBO experiments at loading parameter values from 0.7 to 1.4. The lean blowout characteristics were then explored under higher loading conditions by simulating higher altitude operation with the use of nitrogen...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SYNTHETIC FUELS, GAS TURBINE ENGINES, EXHAUST GASES, EXHAUST...
Efforts to produce green aerospace propellants from nonpetroleum sources are outlined. The paper begins with an overview of feedstock processing and relevant small molecule or C1 chemistry. Gas-to-liquid technologies, notably Fischer-Tropsch (FT) processing of synthesis gas (CO and H2), are being optimized to enhance the fraction of product stream relevant to aviation (and other transportation) fuels at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). Efforts to produce optimized catalysts are described....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FUEL PRODUCTION, FUELS, PROPELLANTS, SYNTHESIS GAS, CATALYTIC...
As the oil supply declines, there is a greater need for cleaner alternative fuels. There will undoubtedly be a shift from crude oil to nonpetroleum sources as a feedstock for aviation (and other transportation) fuels. The Fischer-Tropsch process uses a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen which is converted into various liquid hydrocarbons; this versatile gas-to-liquid technology produces a complex product stream of paraffins, olefins, and oxygenated compounds such as alcohols and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS, CATALYSIS, TRANSITION METALS,...
Transportation fuels production (including aerospace propellants) from non-traditional sources (gases, waste materials, and biomass) has been an active area of research and development for decades. Reducing terrestrial waste streams simultaneous with energy conversion, plentiful biomass, new low-cost methane sources, and/or extra-terrestrial resource harvesting and utilization present significant technological and business opportunities being realized by a new generation of visionary...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PROPELLANTS, METHANE, BIOMASS, ENERGY CONVERSION, FUEL...
We are currently studying the chemical interrelationships between the main rockforming components of carbonaceous chondrites (hereafter CC), e.g. silicate chondrules, refractory inclusions and metal grains, and the surrounding meteorite matrices. It is thought that the fine-grained materials that form CC matrices are representing samples of relatively unprocessed protoplanetary disk materials [1-3]. In fact, modern non-destructive analytical techniques have shown that CC matrices host a large...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES, ASTEROIDS, AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS,...
Since the synthesis of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel from coal by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch in 1923, there has been cyclic interest in developing this fuel for military and commercial applications. In recent years the U.S. Department of Defense has taken interest in producing a unified battlespace fuel using the Fischer Tropsch (FT) process for a variety of reasons including cost, quality, and logistics. In the past year there has been a particular emphasis on moving quickly to demonstrate...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMPATIBILITY, JET ENGINE FUELS, JP-8 JET FUEL, SURVEYS,...
Carbonaceous meteorites are known to contain a wealth of indigenous organic molecules, including amino acids, which suggests that these meteorites could have been an important source of prebiotic organic material during the origins of life on Earth and possibly elsewhere. We report the detection of extraterrestrial amino acids in thermally-altered type 3 CV and CO carbonaceous chondrites and ureilites recovered from Antarctica. The amino acid concentrations of the thirteen Antarctic meteorites...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AMINO ACIDS, ANTARCTIC REGIONS, ORGANIC MATERIALS, CARBON 13,...
One possible origin of prebiotic organic material is that these compounds were formed via Fischer-Tropsch-type (FTT) reactions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen on silicate and oxide grains in the warm, inner-solar nebula. To investigate this possibility, an experimental system has been built in which the catalytic efficiency of different grain-analog materials can be tested. During such runs, the gas phase above these grain analogs is sampled using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FOURIER TRANSFORMATION, INFRARED SPECTRA, APODIZATION,...
The investigation into whether Mars contains signatures of past or present life is of great interest to science and society. Amino acids and nucleobases are compounds that are essential for all known life on Earth and are excellent target molecules in the search for potential Martian biomarkers or prebiotic chemistry. Martian meteorites represent the only samples from Mars that can be studied directly in the laboratory on Earth. Here, we analyzed the amino acid and nucleobase content of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SNC METEORITES, BIOMARKERS, SHERGOTTITES, AMINO ACIDS,...
In order to realize alternative fueling for military and commercial use, the industry has set forth guidelines that must be met by each fuel. These aviation fueling requirements are outlined in MIL-DTL-83133F(2008) or ASTM D 7566 Annex (2011) standards, and are classified as "drop-in" fuel replacements. This report provides combustor performance data for synthetic-paraffinic-kerosene- (SPK-) type (Fischer-Tropsch (FT)) fuel and blends with JP-8+100, relative to JP-8+100 as baseline...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRCRAFT FUELS, COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, KEROSENE, SYNTHETIC...
In order to realize alternative fueling for military and commercial use, the industry has set forth guidelines that must be met by each fuel. These aviation fueling requirements are outlined in MILDTL- 83133F(2008) or ASTM D 7566 Annex (2011) standards, and are classified as drop-in fuel replacements. This paper provides combustor performance data for synthetic-paraffinic-kerosene- (SPK-) type (Fisher-Tropsch (FT)) fuel and blends with JP-8+100, relative to JP-8+100 as baseline fueling. Data...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SYNTHETIC FUELS, COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, ENGINE TESTS, GAS...
The objectives of this project have been to develop a comprehensive set of fundamental data regarding the combustion behavior of jet fuels and appropriately associated model fuels. Based on the fundamental study results, an auxiliary objective was to identify differentiating characteristics of molecular fuel components that can be used to explain different fuel behavior and that may ultimately be used in the planning and design of optimal fuel-production processes. The fuels studied in this...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, FLUID FLOW, JET ENGINE FUELS,...
Abiotic synthesis of complex organic compounds in the early solar nebula that formed our solar system is hypothesized to occur via a Fischer-Tropsch type (FTT) synthesis involving the reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases over metal and metal oxide catalysts. In general, at low temperatures (less than 200 C), FTT synthesis is expected to form abundant alkane compounds while at higher temperatures (greater than 200 C) it is expected to product lesser amounts of n-alkanes and greater...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PYROLYSIS, ORGANIC MATERIALS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, CATALYSTS,...
In order to meet rapidly growing demand for fuel, as well as address environmental concerns, the aviation industry has been testing alternate fuels for performance and technical usability in commercial and military aircraft. Currently, alternate aviation fuels must satisfy MIL-DTL- 83133F(2008) (military) or ASTM D 7566- Annex(2011) (commercial) standards and are termed drop-in fuel replacements. Fuel blends of up to 50% alternative fuel blended with petroleum (JP-8), which have become a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRCRAFT FUELS, COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, ALTERNATIVES, EXHAUST...
