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Dear Internet Archive Community,
I’ll get right to it: please support the Internet Archive today. Right now, we have a 2-to-1 Matching Gift Campaign, so you can triple your impact, but time is running out!The average donation is $45. If everyone reading this chips in just $5, we can keep this website going for free, and free of ads. That's right, all we need is the price of a paperback book to sustain a non-profit website the whole world depends on. For 23 years this has been my dream: for a generation of learners who turn to their screens for answers, I want to put the very best information at their fingertips. We stand with Wikipedians, librarians and creators to provide enduring access to the world’s most trustworthy knowledge. We’re dedicated to reader privacy so we never track you. We don’t accept ads. But we still need to pay for servers and staff. The Internet Archive is a bargain, but we need your help. If you find our site useful, we ask you humbly, please chip in. Thank you.
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Donor challenge:
Your donation will be matched 2-to-1 right now. Your $5 gift becomes $15!
Dear Internet Archive Community,
I’ll get right to it: please support the Internet Archive today. Right now, we have a 2-to-1 Matching Gift Campaign, so you can triple your impact, but time is running out!The average donation is $45. If everyone reading this chips in just $5, we can keep this website going for free, and free of ads. That's right, all we need is the price of a paperback book to sustain a non-profit website the whole world depends on. For 23 years this has been my dream: for a generation of learners who turn to their screens for answers, I want to put the very best information at their fingertips. We’re dedicated to reader privacy so we never track you. We don’t accept ads. But we still need to pay for servers and staff. If you find our site useful, we ask you humbly, please chip in. Thank you.
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Tiny metallic nanoparticles have the potential to change the landscape of defense technology, from obscuring warfighters from view to providing transparent displays in aircraft and vehicles. A nanoparticle is defined as a particle with one or more dimensions measuring 1 billionth of a meter (1 nanometer [nm]). Typical nanoparticles range from 1 to 1,000 nm. A typical human hair is about 90,000 nm thick. Therefore, an item of 1 nanometer would be invisible to the naked eye. Scientists at the... Topics: DTIC Archive, DEFENSE ACQUISITION UNIV FT BELVOIR VA, *NANOPARTICLES, DISPLAY SYSTEMS, GOLD,...
The utilization of the plasmonic response of aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates (Apt-AuNPs) to design cross-reactive arrays for fingerprint identification of small molecular targets was demonstrated for the first time. Four aptamers with different structural features previously selected to bind different targets were used in combination with AuNPs by adsorbing the DNA on the AuNPs surface. The optimized response of the Apt-AuNPs to the analytes showed that, depending on the specific aptamer... Topics: DTIC Archive, UES INC DAYTON OH, *DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS, CLUSTERING, FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION,...
In this study hybrid nanoparticles (Pd@SiO2, Au@Gd2O3) have been synthesized and characterized. Gd2O3:Eu NPs were successfully synthesized using polyol synthetic routes. Nanoparticles with an average diameter size of 1-2 nm were produced in high yield. XPS analysis confirmed the successful coating of the nanoparticles with PEGCOOH and aminocapronic acid. Palladium nanoparticles synthesized using an aqueous route was more stable in aqueous solvent than palladium nanoparticles synthesized in the... Topics: DTIC Archive, SOUTH AUSTRALIA UNIV MAWSON LAKES (AUSTRALIA), *GOLD, *PALLADIUM, *NANOPARTICLES,...
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid in a polyphosphoric acid/phosphorous pentoxide medium to produce 4-mercaptobenzoyl-functionalized MWCNTs (MB-MWCNTs). Gold nanoparticles (GNPs), stabilized by trisodium citrate, were prepared from the in-situ reduction of gold(III) chloride trihydrate by sodium borohydride in the presence of MB-MWCNTs dispersed in ethanol. The morphology of the resulting GNP/MB-MWCNT hybrid showed that GNPs were formed with an... Topics: DTIC Archive, ULSAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KOREA SOUTH), *CARBON NANOTUBES,...
The overall goal of this research was to utilize rapid surface plasmon spectroscopy to develop a new platform to correlate catalytic performance and behavior with catalyst morphology (e.g., size, shape) of individual core/shell nanoparticles. Kinetic experiments were performed on dihydrogen adsorption, but the findings are expected to be generally relevant to other surface-critical heterogeneous chemistries. Comparative studies of Au/TiO2/Pt, Au/ZnO/Pt, Au/SiO2/Pt were done to evaluate the... Topics: DTIC Archive, MELBOURNE UNIV PARKVILLE (AUSTRALIA), *CATALYSTS, *PLASMONS, *SPECTROSCOPY,...
We report a simple and efficient synthetic method to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in aqueous phase using HAuCl4 and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) ligands appended with bidentate anchoring groups. Our approach provides narrow size distribution nanocrystals over the size range between 1.5 and 18 nm; this range is much wider than those achieved using other small molecules and polymer ligands. The NP size was simply controlled by varying the molar ratio of Au-to-PEG ligand precursors. Further... Topics: DTIC Archive, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC OPTICAL SCIENCES DIV, *GOLD INTERMETALLICS, *GOLD,...
Nanoparticles are potential threats to human health and the environment; however, their medical applications as drug carriers targeting cancer cells bring hope to contemporary cancer therapy. As a model drug carrier, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been investigated extensively for in vivo toxicity. The effect of GNPs on the immune system, however, has rarely been examined. Antibody-secreting cells were treated with GNPs with diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nm. The GNPs enhanced IgG secretion in... Topics: DTIC Archive, NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIV HSINCHU (TAIWAN), *CELLS(BIOLOGY), *NANOPARTICLES,...
Two-photon absorption (TPA) is a phenomenon of great interest for various optical limiting applications. The enhancement of molecular TPA cross-sections by placement of TPA chromophores within the plasmonic field of resonant and nonresonant plasmonic gold nanoparticles was explored. Polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer wrapping was employed to provide spacer layers between the chromophores and the gold surface. For on-resonant cases, TPA cross-sections could be enhanced by a factor of 40 for... Topics: DTIC Archive, ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY, *GOLD, *NANOPARTICLES, *OPTICAL MATERIALS,...
The ability to construct self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) superstructures with desired functionality is not only of scientific curiosity but also crucial in the bottom-up nanofabrication of smart materials and devices. Here a facile solution-processable strategy for creating 3D layer-by-layer graphene gold nanoparticle architectures was developed in which cysteine molecules with amino groups were chemically grafted onto the surface of graphene oxide and then the cysteine thiol groups were... Topics: DTIC Archive, AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING...
Fabrication of sphere-like Au nanoparticles (NPs) of fixed orientation on sapphire, GaN, and SiO2 substrates through the irradiation of a few pulses of 266-nm laser onto Au thin films deposited on the substrates was demonstrated. Numerical simulations based on the finite-element method using the experimental parameters show highly consistent localized surface plasmon resonance spectral positions and their variation trends. From the simulation results, one can also observe the relative... Topics: DTIC Archive, NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIV TAIPEI (TAIWAN) GRADUATE INST OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL ENGINEERING,...
A detection system for theophylline that combined the recognition properties of an aptamer and that plasmonic response of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is presented. The aptamer was used as a linker for AuNPs functionalized with complementary sequences to the aptamer (DNA-AuNPs), producing supramolecular complexes that disassemble when exposed to theophylline due to aptamer binding. The detection event was reported as a change in the AuNPs plasmonic peak and intensity. Addition of a spacer on the... Topics: DTIC Archive, AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE...
The objective of this investigation was to explore the ability of a radio frequency (RF) signal to interact with metal nanoparticles for the purposes of remote stimulation or control of cellular processes. For this study, spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs, 4nm and 13 nm) and spherical silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 8nm) were synthesized, biofunctionalized with oligonucleotides, and hybridized through the oligonucleotide functionalization as a potential method of intracellular control. Initial... Topics: DTIC Archive, AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE,...
