The work has been concentrated on the optimization of the fabrication process of known solid state electrochromic devices and on the evaluation of their performance characteristics. Significant progress has been made in the successful routine fabrication of an improved structure consisting of SnO2-WO3- MgF2-Au-MgF2. This structure appears to have superior electrochromic properties when compared to the corresponding devices such as SnO2-WO3-SiO-Au which have been studied earlier. Although the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Deb, S K, Witzke, H, OPTEL INC PRINCETON NJ, *DISPLAY SYSTEMS, *ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS,...
During this quarter, an historical overview of ceramic metallization was undertaken. This included a review of the applications of the technology prior to its utilization in hybrid microcircuits per se. The existing metal-to- ceramic bonding concepts were examined. Appropriate sintering models will be utilized in studying the fundamental aspects of gold thickfilm adhesion in the next quarter. The inorganic chemical analyses of 17 commercial inks were completed. The microstructures of unfired...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Hitch, Thomas T, Bube, Kenneth R, RCA LABS PRINCETON NJ, *ALUMINATES, *GOLD, *HYBRID...
This report briefly reviews the present understanding of adhesion fundamentals and methods of adhesion testing for thick- and thin-film conductors. It does this with a view to the need for military electronic circuitry with built-in reliability. The study concentrates on gold thick-film conductors and destructive and nondestructive adhesion test methods for thick- film conductors. It addresses the effects of substrate character, ink formulation, and circuit manufacturing processes upon film...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Hitch, Thomas T, Bube, Kenneth R, RCA LABS PRINCETON NJ, *ADHESION, *MICROCIRCUITS,...
A prototype design of a directional high flux source for use in vapor deposition of electrode materials during fabrication of precision quartz crystal resonators is presented. The design is based on the theory and technology of nozzle beams. This nozzle beam type source is conceived: (1) to permit large deposition rates with minimum wastage of electrode materials, (2) to operate in the high vacuum, (3) to emit vapor in a horizontal direction, thereby permitting the use of a pair of sources to...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Andres,Ronald P, ARMY ELECTRONICS COMMAND FORT MONMOUTH N J, *VAPOR DEPOSITION,...
This study investigated the optimum growth conditions of epitaxial Gold/Cobalt/Gold (Au/Co/Au) sandwiches with a strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The thermally induced evolution of sandwich morphology, which determines its magnetic properties, was studied by means of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The roughness of Au and Co surfaces, affected by the sample annealing, was evaluated from the length-dependent variance of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Wawro, A., Baczewski, L. T., Pankowski, P., Kisielewski, M., Sveklo, I., POLISH...
The tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been used to deposit nanometer-sized clusters of copper or silver on bare and thiol-covered gold electrode surfaces at predetermined positions. First, metal is deposited electrochemically onto the STM tip, then the clusters are formed by a jump-to-contact between the tip and the substrate during a short and very controlled approach of the tip towards the surface. When Ni is deposited Onto the tip, the jump-to-contact occurs in the opposite...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Kolb, D. M., Engelmann, G. E., Ziegler, J. C., ULM UNIV (GERMANY) DEPT OF...
Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical data indicate that underpotentially deposited silver adatoms on gold substrates are photolyzed to form silver metal clusters. The surface gold-gold stretch and gold-silver stretch bands are observed, as well as the surface chloride complex stretch. The chloride complex interacts with ions in the solution phase giving rise to shifts in the metal-chloride stretching vibrational frequency as a function of the applied electrode potential. However, the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Pons, Stanley, UTAH UNIV SALT LAKE CITY DEPT OF CHEMISTRY, *DEPOSITION, *GOLD,...
In this third year of the study, multicomponent systems (consisting of gold plus one or two platinum group metals) were examined in both model and commercial ink form, in order to understand the parameters which affect film adhesion and solderability. Solderable Au-Pt and Au-Pt-Pd metallizations are the second most widely used films in military hybrid circuits. Therefore, the factors which broadly influence metallization solderability, adhesion strength, and aged film adhesion strength, in the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Bube,Kenneth R, RCA LABS PRINCETON N J, *ADHESION, *METAL FILMS, *THIN FILMS,...
Three-dimensional superlattices consisting of gold nanoparticles were grown at air/suspension or suspension/solid interfaces. The growth of superlattices was found to be strongly dependent on substrate materials: Micrometer-sized superlattices were grown at air/suspension interfaces and upon silver substrates, whereas no growth was observed on silicon, silicon oxide or amorphous carbon substrates. To explain the observed substrate dependence, Lifshitz theory was used to calculate the Hamaker...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Sato, S., Yamamoto, N., Yao, H., Kimura, K., INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HYOGO (JAPAN)...
This final report summarizes the experimental approach was to initially study a single alloy which exhibits a transition from brittle to ductile type erosion response at room temperature. At a later stage, the dynamic hardness of several substrate materials, both pure metals and alloys, was measured in order to provide a material property obtained under dynamic conditions similar to those during an actual erosion event. The results can be conveniently separated into two phases as follows:...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Gulden,M E, SOLAR TURBINES INC SAN DIEGO CA, *METALS, *EROSION, *BRITTLENESS, *CARBON...
This report is the second quarterly report of the fourth in a series of one-year contracts at RCA to study adhesion mechanisms in thick-film conductors. During this quarter, the sintering kinetics of a specially precipitated gold powder were examined as a function of compaction force, sintering temperature, and time, as well as glass content. It was found that ultimate gold powder densification was inversely related to powder compaction force. The previously observed retrograde sintering was...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Bube,Kenneth R, RCA LABS PRINCETON N J, *ADHESION, *THIN FILMS, *THICK FILMS,...
We present herein recent findings of an investigation of catalyst assembly and activation using metallic nanoparticles encapsulated with organic monolayers. Gold nanocrystals (2 ^ 5 nm) encapsulated with thiolate monolayers assembled on electrode surfaces, were found to be catalytically active towards electrooxidation of CO and MeOH upon activation. The activation involved partial removal of the encapsulating thiolates and the formation of surface oxygenated species. A polymeric film was also...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Maye, M. M., Lou, J., Lou, Y., Ly, N. K., Chan, W. B., STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT...
Further improvement on both line and two-dimensional InSb CID arrays has been made. The sensitivity of line arrays has been improved by using thin-gate oxide and low-doping substrate materials, which reduce the input line capacitance. The co-planar two-dimensional array structure also has been further improved. Effort on a low-noise amplifier has been carried out and performance of the JFET preamplifier was much better than that of the MOSFET. The NETD for a line array was found to be 0.11 K...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Kim,J C, GENERAL ELECTRIC CO SYRACUSE N Y OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEMS OPERATION,...
Contents: Preface (J. Kossut); Hybrid epitaxial structures for spintronics (J. De Boeck, W. Van Roy, et al.); Size effects in epitaxial films of magnetite (J. Korecki, B. Handke, et al.); Shadow mask technology (T. Schallenberg, C. Schumacher, et al.); Trions as a probe of spin injection through II-VI magnetic/non-magnetic heterointerface (M. Ghali, J. Kossut. et al.); The growth modes of epitaxial Au/Co/Au sandwiches (A. Wawro, L.T. Baczewski, et al.); Polarity selection process and polarity...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Greene, J E, POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WARSAW INSTOF PHYSICS, *GALLIUM ARSENIDES,...
This technical report is a final report on two of the following separate programs composing this program: (1) Detection of X-ray Radiation; (2) Superplasticity and Warm Working of Metals and Alloys, (3) Synthesis of New Types of Catalyst Materials; (4) Development of Elevated Temperature Electrocrystallization Techniques. The programs Detection of X-Ray Radiation (1) and Synthesis of New Types of Catalyst Materials (3) are completed as of December 31. The research entitled Superplasticity and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Huggins, Robert A, STANFORD UNIV CA CENTER FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH, *CARBON STEELS,...
A unique method for electrochemically depositing metal films from organic solutions was previously demonstrated. It was shown that by plating with this method, metallic particles and layers could be deposited on metals commonly used in the microelectronics industry. The deposition mechanism involved the dissolution of a less noble substrate metal and the simultaneous deposition of more noble metal particles on the surface of substrate, similar to immersion plating in aqueous solutions. This...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Dahlgren, E, MISSOURI UNIV-ROLLA DEPT OF METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING, *METAL FILMS,...
Major improvements have been made in the fabrication and in the performance characteristics of boron carbide-based, wide-band gap semiconductor devices. During this grant, working boron carbide transistors, tunnel junctions and homojunction diodes were fabricated. These transistors and diodes were the first carbide based devices of their type to be reported in either academic laboratories or in industry. Protocols for boron carbide substrate fabrication were optimized and the boron carbide thin...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Langell, Marjorie A., NEBRASKA UNIV LINCOLN, *FABRICATION, *CHEMICAL VAPOR...
Monolayers formed by the spontaneous assembly of organic thiols from solution onto gold provide a high degree of control over the chemistry and structure of an organic surface. In this paper we exploit the flexibility of these self-assembled monolayers to study the influence of the polarity of an interface on the acidity of carboxylic acids. Methyl-terminated thiols, such as HS(CH2)10CH3, adsorb from solution onto gold and form non-wettable, hydrophobic surfaces composed predominantly of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Bain, Colin D, HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY, *SURFACE REACTIONS,...
The research involved investigation of process parameter growth environment film property relationships for various binary oxide and nitride films grown on unheated substrates by reactive sputter deposition using an elemental target. In situ optical emission spectroscopy and glow discharge mass spectrometry were used to determine gas phase species in the plasma volume. A battery of techniques were used to characterize (post-deposition) film crystallography, chemistry, microstructure, electrical...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Aita, Carolyn R, WISCONSIN UNIV MILWAUKEE LAB OF SURFACE STUDIES, *FILMS, *NITRIDES,...
Drilling of diamond substrates, using pulsed Nd-YAG laser in water environment showed time efficient processing (about 28 times faster than in an air environment). In addition, better hole uniformity was observed in water environment than in an air environment. In water, the hot laser plasma on the substrate surface generates a reactive oxygen and/or hydrogen environment that increases drilling speed and makes it more uniform size hole. Diamond substrate drilling process with a pulsed Nd-YAG...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Schaper, Leonard W., ARKANSAS UNIV FAYETTEVILLE, *SUBSTRATES, *PULSED LASERS,...
A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been used to define features having critical dimensions ranging from 0.05 to 5.0 micrometer within a self-assembled monolayer resist of octadecylmercaptan, HS(CH2)17CH3, confined to a Au (111) surface. Low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods were used to metalize the STM-patterned surface with Cu. At substrate temperatures near 120 deg C, the Cu CVD precursor, hexafluoroacetylacetonatocopper(I)-(1,5- cyclooctadiene), disproportionates to...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Schoer, Jonathan K, NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY, *PROBES, *CHEMICAL...
One of the most successful applications of focused ion beams has been the deposition of submicrometer conductors for integrated circuits. Our work has concentrated on demonstrating new materials and on studying the fundamental mechanisms of the deposition and milling processes. One of the important results has been the first demonstration of ion induced copper deposition from a new precursor gas. Copper is being considered a successor to aluminum in integrated circuits, and our copper had the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Melngailis, John, MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH LAB OF ELECTRONICS,...
The wires, which have cross-sectional dimensions as small as 220A x 200A, are fabricated using a versatile step-edge shadowing technique. The dimensions of the wires can be precisely determined by easily-controlled fabrication parameters such as thin film thickness and shadowing angle. In order to verify the dimensions and integrity of the wires, we have developed a convenient and reliable technique for thinning the substrate. This allows nondestructive examination of the structures by high...
Topics: DTIC Archive, White,Alice E, HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA DIV OF APPLIED SCIENCES, *Metals, *Wire,...
The reaction between a gold film and an indium phosphide substrate occurs much more readily in vacuo than under an atmosphere pressure of an inert gas. At high pressures, the compounds Au2P3 and the Y intermetallic compound (at times designated Au7In3, Au9In4, or Au2In) are formed at 450 C and remain fairly stable even when annealed at 500 C for hours. Under ultra-high vacuum conditions, phosphorus readily escapes from the film when a sample is annealed at 300 C for 15 minutes, and the major...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Williams,R S, CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES, *GOLD, *INDIUM PHOSPHIDES, *CHEMICAL...
This research program is based upon the study of the properties of electronic microstructures with acoustic microscopy. It has a further objective of improving the author's understanding of this emerging technology as a new form of imaging the detail in modern microcircuits. The scope of this area is ever increasing and new methods for analyzing features on this scale are important. The theory of the acoustic microscope and the resolving power of this instrument have both been advanced during...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Quate,C F, STANFORD UNIV CALIF EDWARD L GINZTON LAB, *MICROSCOPY, *MICROCIRCUITS,...
Microscopic metal film patterns have been imaged on p-Si and n- and p-GaAs by photoelectrochemical deposition from standard aqueous plating solutions. The photodeposition of Cu, Ni, Pd and Au films was investigated. Resolution exceeding 10 micrometers has been achieved for deposits on Au on p-GaAs and Cu on p-Si. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Micheels,Ronald H, EIC LABS INC NEWTON MA, *GALLIUM ARSENIDES, *METAL FILMS,...
This final technical report consists of two technical papers which were submitted for publication. The first paper discusses Indium-Coated Membranes Versus Nitrocellulose Membranes for use in a Spot Immunoassay. Immunoassays performed on membranes can be used for the detection of large or small molecular weight substances. The end product of the immunoassay is a spot on the surface of the membrane which is discernable with the naked eye. We tested three different enzyme-substrate systems and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Ladouceur, Cynthia A, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATION WASHINGTON DC,...
This report describes the first year of an effort to demonstrate an ultra-high-speed analog-to-digital converter using superconducting electronics. Fabrication methods capable of producing a complete eleven layer circuit have been developed. Testing techniques enable 70 ps risetime signals to be sent onto or off of a chip. Experimental and theoretical characterizations of superconducting striplines are in good agreement. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Hamilton,C A, NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS BOULDER CO ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNOLOGY DIV,...
This demonstration program is intended to demonstrate the feasibility of coupling a commercially available Nd:YAG laser with the Kaptron POLYTROPE 3000 automatic alignment system for the production of single mode fiber pigtailed semiconductor lasers. It has been demonstrated that 30 watts of Nd:YAG laser power can produce repeatable welds of 0.18mm thick Kovar saddles to gold plated substrates of the type used for semiconductor laser modules. It has also been shown that beam geometry...
Topics: DTIC Archive, KAPTRON INC PALO ALTO CA, *LASER WELDING, *FIBER OPTICS, *PRODUCTION, *AUTOMATION,...
Thin film high value resistros composed of a silicon chromium mixture were sputter deposited under d.c. conditions in argon on to 99.6$ as-fired alumina substrates. Reported are effects on TCR and resistor values which results from the variation of annealing temperatures. The resistors are for use in th fabrcation of hybrid microcircuiting intended for circuit applications whichinvolve ow power, low noise, digital and linear design requirements. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Morris,Hayden, NAVAL SURFACE WEAPONS CENTER WHITE OAK LAB SILVER SPRING MD,...
The gettering of Cr and front-surfaces defects by mechanically produced back-surface damage in semi-insulating GaAs wafers has been investigated. It has been shown that improved VPE layers can be grown on pre-gettered substrates. Also, the level of Cr outdiffusing from the substrate during epilayer growth and subsequent annealing is substantially reduced when pre-gettered substrates are used. Thermal stability times of back-surface damage at an anneal temperature of 800 C is typically on the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Magee, T J, ADVANCED RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS CORP SUNNYVALE CA, *CHROMIUM...
The use of low-doped tubs under the source and drain have significantly reduced the parasitic capacitances of a common-gate noncoplanar power FET structure. Submicron gate lengths were easily achieved with an etch and growth technique. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Bandy,S G, VARIAN ASSOCIATES INC PALO ALTO CA, *FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS, *POWER...
At this writing, the ONR award has been in effect for one year. We carried out the construction of a second deposition system and improvements on one of our existing gas adsorption systems. Upon completion of this work, she investigated the slipping behavior of several model liquid films adsorbed on silver and gold substrates. This work, presented at the most recent AVS meeting, provided us with an initial survey of the types of behavior which we will be encountering throughout the course of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Krim, Jacqueline, NORTHEASTERN UNIV BOSTON MA DEPT OF PHYSICS, *MOLECULAR WEIGHT,...
Using grazing incidence geometry and a thin layer cell, x-ray scattering has been used to study the structure of electrochemically deposited monolayers of lead on silver (111) and gold (111) electrodes in-situ. For the lead monolayer deposited on sliver, the lead was found to order in a hexagonoal closed packed (hcp) geometry with the lead lattice compresssed 1.2% relative to bulk lead. A rotational epitaxy angle of 4.4 deg was observed. From the width of the first order diffraction peak, the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Samant,Mahesh G, PUERTO RICO UNIV RIO PIEDRAS DEPT OF PHYSICS, *ELECTRODES,...
The potential technological importance of multicomponent ultrafine microstructures makes it essential to develop methods of formation which permit both higher growth rates and improved control over material properties. During the course of our Phase I research effort, we have shown that our new proprietary technique, Gas Jet Deposition , has these capabilities and other advantages over established methods. In this technique, depositing atoms, molecules or clusters are seeded into a free jet...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Halpern, Bret L, SCHMITT TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATES NEW HAVEN CT, *SILICON NITRIDES,...
The conditions of Au crystal production on W field emitter have been studied by the field emission microscope. The results have shown that 'microfield emitter' increases field emission and its stability. The significance of transition layers on a metal substrate for crystallization is discussed. Wide use of method of autoelectronic microscopy both in research and in practical region requires together with use of high-melting materials, decontaminated with heat treatment, expansion of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Mileshkina, N V, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH, *TUNGSTEN,...
During this contract, we have investigated the THz laser source based on group-IV elements and their alloys that can be developed on Si substrates. The design work focused on the structure of the so-called quantum cascade laser (QCL). Specifically, we designed a Ge/Ge0.076Si0.19Sn0.05 QCL using intersubband transitions at L-valleys of the conduction band which has a clean offset of 150meV situated below other energy valleys (Gamma, Chi). The entire structure is strain free because the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, MASSACHUSETTS UNIV BOSTON, *GERMANIUM, *SUBSTRATES, *PHONONS, *WAVEGUIDES, *TIN,...
A system of approximate equations for the determination of thermal stresses in piezoelectric plates with large thin films of a different material plated on the surfaces is derived. The plate equations are obtained by making a suitable expansion of the pertinent variables in the thickness coorinate, inserting the expansion in the appropriate variational principle and integrating with respect to the thickness in the manner of Mindlin. Conditions resulting in both extensional and flexural stresses...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Sinha,B K, RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY N Y DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING...
Chemical reactions at the Au/InP interface were investigated in the temperature range 25 510C by x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The samples were prepared by depositing gold films onto clean InP(100) single-crystal substrates under .000000001 torr vaccum. Spots appeared in SEM micrographs of the deposited film of a sample annealed at room temperature for 35 days, indicating that a solid state reaction had occurred. After the sample was...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tsai,C T, CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES, *SEMICONDUCTORS, *CHEMICAL REACTIONS, *INDIUM...
The use of mechanically-produced, back-surface damage as a means of gettering impurities and defects in GaAs wafers has been investigated. Comparative analyses have been done on both ion implantation and mechanical back-surface-damage-gettering techniques. The increased thermal stability of mechanically-produced damage has shown ion-implantation techniques to be less effective for gettering over long anneal periods at elevated temperatures. Stress gradients produced by graded dislocation...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Magee, T J, ADVANCED RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS CORP SUNNYVALE CA, *ANNEALING, *FIELD...
Since the early 1950's, esthetic porcelain-fused-to-metal dental treatment devices have enjoyed wide clinical use. The following problems, however, initially encumbered the production of porcelain-metal dental restoration: (1) Fused porcelain displayed cracks after firing because of the mismatch of thermal expansion between the porcelain and the metal substructure; (2) the color of fused porcelain was altered adversely by color forming oxides and by technique; (3) relatively soft gold-based...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Huget,Eugene F, ARMY INST OF DENTAL RESEARCH WASHINGTON D C, *METALS, *CERAMIC...
Adventitious defects within self-assembled monolayers of 1- octadecanethiol confined to Au substrate have been studied by a new method which takes advantage of the high spatial resolution of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and the molecular specificity of electrochemistry. The method permits direct visualization of the defect density and provides information about the chemical and structural nature of the defects. CN- was used to electrochemically etch Au from surface regions near defects....
Topics: DTIC Archive, Sun, Li, NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY, *STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, *POINT...
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a process in which the Raman scattering cross section of molecules adsorbed onto the surfaces of metals such as silver, copper, and gold is increased by as much as six orders of magnitude compared to the cross section for normal Raman scattering from the bulk. However, the enhancement is short-range and is restricted to the first few layers of molecules adjacent to the surface. As a result, SERS can be used to characterize adsorption of organic...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Boerio, F J, CINCINNATI UNIV OH DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, *MOLECULE...
This research pursues our previous observation that films of cytochrome c3 deposited on a gold substrate undergo a change in resistivity of ten orders of magnitude when this tetraheme protein passes from a fully oxidized to a fully reduced state. This unusual behavior appears to be attributable to the ability of the four hemes to 'communicate' through intramolecular as well as intermolecular electron transfer. To understand this phenomenon in more detail, four cytochromes c3 with differing...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Wilson, George S, KANSAS UNIV LAWRENCE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY, *BLOOD PROTEINS, *ELECTRON...
Investigations were conducted on solid-solid reactions in gold films evaporated on silicon substrates at deposition temperatures below the eutectic point (370 C). Both air- and vacuum-annealed structures were studied using correlated data from transmission electron microscopy/diffraction (TEM/TED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) profiling, and forward current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Results of these experiments show that the grain size in Au films deposited (or annealed) at temperatures...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Magee, T J, STANFORD RESEARCH INST MENLO PARK CA, *GOLD, *SILICON, *SOLID STATE...
Nanowires grown via the popular vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism require nanodroplets, most often metal, such as gold, to catalyze the growth. As the size and density of the catalytic nanoparticles are the main parameters that define the properties of the resulting nanowires, controlling the growth of these nanoparticles is of particular importance. In this study, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was used to grow the nanoparticles on 100 and 211 silicon substrates. A layer of gold was...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE, *ANNEALING,...
A hot tungsten filament reactor was used to deposit diamond films on silicon, copper and gold substrates. Diamond can be readily nucleated on all three substrates, but the nucleation density is greatly enhanced by prescratching with o.25 um diamond paste. Visual examination of photomicrographs of diamond crystallites formed on prescratched silicon substrates indicates that no new nuclei are formed between one and two hrs of deposition. However, new nuclei are formed throughout this period when...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Niu, C M, BROWN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI DEPT OF CHEMISTRY, *DENSITY, FILMS, DIAMONDS,...
Improvement of the operating characteristics of rolling-element bearings was sought through development and implementation of MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) based strain sensors. The strain sensors developed in this program employ a piezoresistive transducer to convert changes in applied strains to output voltages with an on-chip temperature detector compensating for thermal effects in the strain measurement. Bonding of MEMS strain sensors to application substrates was accomplished with...
Topics: DTIC Archive, TIMKEN CORP CANTON OH, *ROLLER BEARINGS, CHIPS(ELECTRONICS), SUBSTRATES,...
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a process in which the Raman scattering cross section of molecules adsorbed onto the surfaces of metals such as silver, copper, and gold is increased by as much as six orders of magnitude. However, the enhancement is short-range and is restricted to the first few layers of molecules adjacent to the surface. As a result, SERS can be used to characterize adsorption of organic compounds onto metals and can be used for non-destructive characterization of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Boerio, F J, CINCINNATI UNIV OH DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, *SURFACE...
In the current study a major effort was conducted in finding suitable methods of metallization of superconductor Yttrium-Barium-Copper-Oxide base ceramic material to form low ohmic contact resistance without annealing and masking procedure. The authors introduced the procedure of laser induced metallization from plating solution on immersed substrate without the need of external power and masking procedure. The feasibility of laser induced high speed, high selective metal (gold) deposit from...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Zahavi, J, ISRAEL INST OF METALS HAIFA, *METALLIZING, ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT,...
