Theoretical relations and experimental data are presented for the collision of two objects at intermediate velocities when both wave propagation and relative indentation of the bodies must be considered. Equations are developed that combine a description of wave phenomena in beams, bars, and plates with a law of contact. Experimental results are shown involving the impact of spheres and conically headed projectiles on bars and beams, and a comparison with the predictions of several theories is...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, NAVAL ORDNANCE TEST STATION CHINA LAKE CA, *DEFORMATION,...
The report summarizes the results of a two-year analytical and experimental effort concerned with the investigation of body waves and surface waves in isotropic and anisotropic half-spaces. These were modeled by large blocks of limestone and Yule marble, respectively, that were subjected to pulses produced by the impact of steel spheres on loading bars attached normally to the surface of these blocks. The results were compared with stress histories measured by specially-designed and calibrated...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY, *METAMORPHIC ROCK, ANISOTROPY,...
A study was made of the transmission and decay of pulses produced both by impact and explosive loading in a rock classified as a diorite. The samples were chosen and prepared with sufficient care and tested under identical conditions so that reproducibility of results comparable to that expected in metallic systems was obtained. Ballistically suspended Hopkinson bars of diorite of 3/4-inch diameter and approximately 22 inches long were subjected to longitudinal impact by spherical and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, NAVAL ORDNANCE TEST STATION CHINA LAKE CA, *SHOCK WAVES,...
Three separate non-standard conditions of projectile impact and perforation of plates were investigated experimentally and analytically. The first concerned impingement of blunt 0.25 in. dia. hard-steel cylinders on stationary thin plates of aluminum and steel at yaw angles up to 19 deg at velocities from 115-285 m/s. Damage was produced by bulging, lateral indentation and front and side petaling. Measurements of the ballistic limit and terminal velocity were compared with predictions of a...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,...
An experimental program has been undertaken to study the phenomenon of both normal and oblique impact of cylindro-conical and cylindrical projectiles on metallic plates, a domain where almost no test data is available. Hard-steel strikers of 12.7-mm nominal diameter and either 60-degree conical or blunt tips and blunt soft aluminum cylinders of the same diameter were fired at 2024-0 aluminum targets with thicknesses from 1.78 to 25.4-mm and at both mild steel and medium carbon steel with...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,...
The report presents the work of the first year on the contract involving the detection of body and surface waves in blocks of Yule marble the analysis of such pulses produced by impact using both integral transform and finite element methods, and the determination of the static and dynamic properties of this material including fracture characteristics.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY, *SEISMIC WAVES, *METAMORPHIC ROCK,...
An experimental investigation has been undertaken to study the fragmentation of soft and hard rock under conditions of impact by spherical steel projectiles and standard ammunition. Laboratory tests involving the firing of 1/4-inch-diameter steel spheres have been conducted both on the Berkeley campus and at the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake. The velocity range at the first site was from 150 to about 1000 ft/sec, using a compressed gas gun, whereas that at the second location using a powder...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY, *PROJECTILES, *ROCK, *TERMINAL...
In the interest of obtaining a comprehensive view of the penetration of bodies into solid plates some of the more prominent theoretical relations used to describe penetration processes are outlined and correlated. The velocity ranges to which these relations apply and the assumptions used in the analytical developments are summarized. Elastic behavior processes in impact are first discussed to establish lower bounds on the impact velocity for the formation of a crater. Various analytical...
Topics: DTIC Archive, GOLDSMITH, WERNER, NAVAL ORDNANCE TEST STATION CHINA LAKE CA, *PENETRATION,...
Test rods of Composition B-3 and TNT were cast 43.2 centimeters long and 2.13 centimeters in diameter. The rods were struck axially by spherical steel projectiles, and symmetric stress wave passage was observed by strain gage arrays. Strain pulses were found to attenuate and disperse with travel distance. Both damaged and undamaged rods were examined microscopically using thin-section techniques and were also tested for static compressive and tensile strength. The thin-section technique was...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER CHINA LAKE CA, *EXPLOSIVES, STRESSES,...
An investigation concerned with Inelastic Deformation of sandwich plates and shells under dynamic loading consisted of an experimental and an analytical study of the energy absorption capability of honeycomb and honeycomb sandwich structures. Laboratory tests of both types of samples were performed using both static loads and dynamic loads. The targets were attached to a ballistic pendulum arrangement either by a rigid backing or else by means of a simple support. Force-deformation curves were...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,...
An experimental program has been undertaken to study the phenomenon of both normal and oblique impact of cylindro-conical and cylindrical projectiles on metallic plates, a domain where almost no test data is available. Hard-steel strikers of 12.7-micrometer nominal diameter and either 60-degree conical or blunt tips and blunt soft aluminum cylinders of the same diameter were fired at 2024-0 aluminum targets with thicknesses from 1.78 to 25.4- micrometer and at both mild steel and medium carbon...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, *IMPACT,...
The report summarizes progress on the analytical and experimental aspects of the investigation concerned with wave propagation resulting from impact on a Yule marble block and an investigation of its mechanical properties. The system was modeled as a transversely isotropic halfspace with the elastic symmetry axis lying in the free surface, loaded by a concentrated normal force of arbitrary time variation. The analysis for the displacements, strains and stresses in the interior is complete and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith, Werner, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY, *METAMORPHIC ROCK, COMPRESSIVE...
The technical area of investigation involved the biomechanics of head injury and the biomechanics of the head-neck system under impact and impulsive loading. Theoretical models of the two types of systems were analyzed with respect to response for a known input, and experimental models were constructed and appropriately loaded so that the measured history of mechanical parameters could be compared with predictions. The analysis generally required the use of either digital computing devices or...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Goldsmith,Werner, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, *WOUNDS...
