450
450
Jun 1, 2011
06/11
by
Addy, Harold E., Jr.; Broeren, Andy P.; Zoeckler, Joesph G.; Lee, Sa
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Aerodynamic wind tunnel tests were conducted to study the effects of various ice accretions on the aerodynamic performance of a 36-inch chord, two-dimensional business jet airfoil. Eight different ice shape configurations were tested. Four were castings made from molds of ice shapes accreted in an icing wind tunnel. Two were made using computationally smoothed tracings of two of the ice shapes accreted in the icing tunnel. These smoothed profiles were then extended in the spanwise direction to...
Topics: OZONE, ADIABATIC CONDITIONS, TROPOSPHERE, SMOKE, AIR WATER INTERACTIONS, LONG WAVE RADIATION,...
3,172
3.2K
May 29, 2011
05/11
by
Rumerman, Judy A
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This sixth volume of the NASA Historical Data Book is a continuation of those earlier efforts. This fundamental reference tool presents information, much of it statistical, documenting the development of several critical areas of NASA responsibility for the period between 1979 and 1988. This volume includes detailed information on the space applications effort, the development and operation of aeronautics and space research and technology programs, tracking and data acquisition/space...
Topics: LATENT HEAT, METEOROLOGICAL RADAR, MICROWAVE SENSORS, RAIN, TRMM SATELLITE, TROPICAL REGIONS,...
Satellite-derived global gravity and magnetic maps have been shown to be useful in large-scale studies of the Earth's crust, despite the relative infancy of such studies. Numerous authors have made spatial associations of gravity or magnetic anomalies with geological provinces. Gravimetric interpretations are often made in terms of isostasy, regional variations of density, or of geodesy in general. Interpretations of satellite magnetic anomalies often base assumptions of overall crustal...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GEOMAGNETISM, GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS, MAPS, MODELS, SATELLITE...
The extinction of marine phyto-and zoo-plankton across the K-T boundary has been well documented. Such an event may have resulted in decreased photosynthetic fixation of carbon in surface waters and a collapse of the food chain in the marine biosphere. Because the vertical and horizontal distribution of the carbon isotopic composition of total dissolved carton (TDC) in the modern ocean is controlled by the transfer of organic carbon from the surface to deep reservoirs, it follows that a major...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON ISOTOPES, EXTINCTION, FOOD CHAIN, GEOCHEMISTRY,...
These investigations focused essentially on the macroscale organization of cloud and precipitation which occurred during the 4th Intensive Observing Period (IOP-4) of the Experiment for Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA). This experiment, held off the East Coast of the United States and Canada during the winter of 1989, documented several episodes of rapid cyclonic storm development. Also playing a major role as validation and ground truth in these studies are Special...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, CLOUD COVER, COASTS, CONDENSATES,...
The Cassini Atmospheric Chemistry Mapper (ACM) enables a broad range of atmospheric science investigations for Saturn and Titan by providing high spectral and spatial resolution mapping and occultation capabilities at 3 and 5 microns. ACM can directly address the major atmospheric science objectives for Saturn and for Titan, as defined by the Announcement of Opportunity, with pivotal diagnostic measurements not accessible to any other proposed Cassini instrument. ACM determines mixing ratios...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, ATMOSPHERIC...
This reference publication presents selected results from space-time spectral analyses of 13 years of version 6 daily global ozone fields from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). One purpose is to illustrate more quantitatively the well-known richness of structure and variation in total ozone. A second purpose is to provide, for use by modelers and for comparison with other analysts' work, quantitative measures of zonal waves 1, 2, 3, and medium-scale waves 4-7 in total ozone. Their...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ANNUAL VARIATIONS, CLIMATOLOGY, KELVIN WAVES, OZONE,...
We have studied an outstanding sequence of continuum images of the solar granulation from Pic du Midi Observatory. We have calculated the horizontal vector flow field using a correlation tracking algorithm, and from this determined three scalar field: the vertical component of the curl; the horizontal divergence; and the horizontal flow speed. The divergence field has substantially longer coherence time and more power than does the curl field. Statistically, curl is better correlated with...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DIVERGENCE, FLOW DISTRIBUTION, MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS,...
The formation of a blocking anticyclone over the North Atlantic has been examined over its entire life-CyCle using the Zwack-Okossi (Z-O) equation as the diagnostic tool. This blocking anticyclone occurred in late October and early November of 1985. The data used were provided by the NASA Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres on a global 2.O degree latitude by 2.5 degree longitudinal grid. The horizontal distribution of the atmospheric forcing mechanisms that were important to 500 mb block...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ANTICYCLONES, ATLANTIC OCEAN, TROPOSPHERE, SYNOPTIC...
This paper represents the first attempt to use TRMM rainfall information to estimate the four dimensional latent heating structure over the global tropics for February 1998. The mean latent heating profiles over six oceanic regions (TOGA COARE IFA, Central Pacific, S. Pacific Convergence Zone, East Pacific, Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean) and three continental regions (S. America, Central Africa and Australia) are estimated and studied. The heating profiles obtained from the results of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LATENT HEAT, RAIN, TRMM SATELLITE, TROPICAL REGIONS,...
The horizontal and vertical transport of biomass fire emissions in West Africa during November 1998 through February 1999, are examined using all available data including wind, fire, aerosol, precipitation, lightning and outgoing longwave radiation. Ozonesonde data from the Aerosols99 Trans-Atlantic cruise are also included with rain and wind analyses. The results here support earlier studies that ozone and ozone precursors associated with biomass burning are confined to the lower troposphere...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OZONE, TROPICAL REGIONS, WINTER, NORTHERN HEMISPHERE,...
In part I of this paper, the United States (US) radiosonde temperature data are shown to have significant and unexplained inhomogeneities in the mid-troposphere. This part discusses the differences between observations taken at 0 and 12 UTC especially in the stratosphere by the Vaisala RS80 radiosondes that are integrated within the National Weather Service's (NWS) Micro-ART system. The results show that there is a large maxima in the horizontal distribution of the monthly means of the 0/12 UTC...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DISCONTINUITY, RADIOSONDES, TEMPERATURE PROFILES,...
The objectives of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission are to: 1) Understand the horizontal and vertical structure of rainfall, its macro- and micro-physical nature, and its associated latent heating, 2) Train and calibrate retrieval algorithms for constellation radiometers, 3) Provide sufficient global sampling to significantly reduce uncertainties in short-term rainfall accumulations, and 4) Extend scientific and societal applications. The GPM mission design consists of a core...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES, RAIN, VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION,...
The only species that have been confirmed in the lunar exosphere are Na, K, Ar, and He. However, models for the production and loss of lunar regolith-derived exospheric species from source processes including micrometeoroid impact vaporization, sputtering, and, for Na and K, photon-stimulated desorption, predict a host of other species should exist in the lunar exosphere. Assuming that loss processes are limited to ballistic escape, photoionization, and recycling to the surface, we have...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LUNAR ATMOSPHERE, MOON, ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, LUNAR...
Rapid thermospheric flows can significantly enhance the estimates of the atmospheric loss rate and the structure of the atmospheric corona of a planetary body. In particular, rapid horizontal flow at the exobase can increase the corresponding constituent escape rate. Here we show that such corrections, for both thermal and non-thermal escape, cannot be ignored when calculating the escape of methane from Titan, for which drastically different rates have been proposed. Such enhancements are also...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METHANE, TITAN ATMOSPHERE, STELLAR WINDS, WIND VELOCITY,...
Pollen can be transported great distances. Van de Water et. al., 2003 reported Juniperus spp. pollen was transported 200-600 km. Hence local observations of plant phenology may not be consistent with the timing and source of pollen collected by pollen sampling instruments. The DREAM (Dust REgional Atmospheric Model) is a verified model for atmospheric dust transport modeling using MODIS data products to identify source regions and concentrations of dust. We are modifying the DREAM model to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, DISPERSING, POLLEN, CIRCULATION...
Substantial uncertainties still exist in the scientific understanding of the possible interactions between urban and natural (biogenic) emissions in the production and transformation of atmospheric aerosol and the resulting impact on climate change. The US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) carried out in June 2010 in Central Valley, California, was a comprehensive effort designed to improve this...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION,...
The ESA SWARM mission will have three earth orbiting magnetometer bearing satellites one in a high orbit and two side-by-side in lower orbits. These latter satellites will record a horizontal magnetic gradient. In order to determine how we can use these gradient measurements for interpretation of large geologic units we used ten years of CHAMP data to compute a horizontal gradient map over a section of southeastern Europe with our goal to interpret these data over the Pannonian Basin of Hungary.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TECTONICS, CRUSTS, GRADIENTS, MAGNETIC ANOMALIES, SPHERICAL...
In this study, the authors apply a clustering algorithm to International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud optical thickness-cloud top pressure histograms in order to derive weather states (WSs) for the global domain. The cloud property distribution within each WS is examined and the geographical variability of each WS is mapped. Once the global WSs are derived, a combination of CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) vertical...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLOUD PHYSICS, CLUSTER ANALYSIS, VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION,...
Large-scale models such as GEOS-5 typically calculate grid-scale fractional cloudiness through a PDF parameterization of the sub-gridscale distribution of specific humidity. The GEOS-5 moisture routine uses a simple rectangular PDF varying in height that follows a tanh profile. While below 10 km this profile is informed by moisture information from the AIRS instrument, there is relatively little empirical basis for the profile above that level. ATTREX provides an opportunity to refine the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TROPICAL REGIONS, TROPOPAUSE, WATER VAPOR, VARIABILITY,...
223
223
Jun 1, 2011
06/11
by
Ganoe, George G
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The operations required to support the on-orbit Space Station Freedom activities planned or being studied will be complex. Operational capability to perform tasks will be dependent on many factors such as manpower availability, logistics, other tasks being worked and Space Station configuration. This effort uses information available about these and other factors to perform operations analysis for given missions and determine the feasibility of target configuration concepts to support those...
Topics: DISCONTINUITY, RADIOSONDES, TEMPERATURE PROFILES, STRATOSPHERE, DATA ACQUISITION, HORIZONTAL...
