3,149
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May 31, 2011
05/11
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NON
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This conference publication includes papers and abstracts presented at the Flight Mechanics Symposium held on June 19-21, 2001. Sponsored by the Guidance, Navigation and Control Center of Goddard Space Flight Center, this symposium featured technical papers on a wide range of issues related to attitude/orbit determination, prediction and control; attitude simulation; attitude sensor calibration; theoretical foundation of attitude computation; dynamics model improvements; autonomous navigation;...
Topics: MARS SAMPLE RETURN MISSIONS, RISK, DROP TESTS, ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY, EARTH ATMOSPHERE, DESIGN...
258
258
May 27, 2011
05/11
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Bergstrom, R. W.; Kinne, S.; Sokolik, I. N.; Toon, O. B.; Mlawer, E. J.; Clough, S. A.; Ackerman, T. P.; Mather, J
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A new radiative transfer model combining the efforts of three groups of researchers is discussed. The model accurately computes radiative transfer in a inhomogeneous absorbing, scattering and emitting atmospheres. As an illustration of the model, results are shown for the effects of dust on the thermal radiation.
Topics: ORBIT CALCULATION, STANDARD DEVIATION, POSITION ERRORS, COVARIANCE, DOWNRANGE, CIRCULAR ORBITS,...
388
388
May 23, 2011
05/11
by
Horan, Sheila B.; Caballero, Ruben B. Eng
texts
eye 388
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Space agencies are under pressure to utilize better bandwidth-efficient communication methods due to the actual allocated frequency bands becoming more congested. Also budget reductions is another problem that the space agencies must deal with. This budget constraint results in simpler spacecraft carrying less communication capabilities and also the reduction in staff to capture data in the earth stations. It is then imperative that the most bandwidth efficient communication methods be...
Topics: POWER CONDITIONING, POWER EFFICIENCY, SOLAR COLLECTORS, PAYLOADS, LAUNCH VEHICLES, ELECTRICAL...
400
400
Jun 9, 2011
06/11
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Bement, Laurence J
texts
eye 400
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Since no generally accepted guidelines exist on sizing booster charges to assure functional margins in pyrotechnically actuated devices, a study was conducted to provide an approach to meet this need. An existing pyrovalve was modified from a single cartridge input to a dual-cartridge input with a booster charge. The objectives of this effort were to demonstrate an energy-based functional margin approach for sizing booster charges, and to determine booster charge energy delivery characteristics...
Topics: DURABILITY, LOW EARTH ORBITS, OXYGEN ATOMS, DIATOMIC MOLECULES, EARTH ORBITAL ENVIRONMENTS, GAS...
413
413
May 29, 2011
05/11
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Dankhoff, W.; Dayton, K.; Levack, D.; Odom, P.; Rhodes, R.; Robinson, J
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In response to a NASA request, the National Space Propulsion Synergy Team (SPST) team agreed to provide technical and programmatic support to NASA in formulating a Spaceliner 100 Technology Program. The SPST offered a broad cross-section of expertise and experience. Its membership consists of senior level, volunteer representatives from across government, industry, and academia. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the SPST support of SL100, which culminated in a propulsion...
Topics: CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES, TELESCOPES, SUN, SOLAR RADIATION, SOLAR ARRAYS, NASA PROGRAMS, LOW EARTH...
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224
May 27, 2011
05/11
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Ponte, Rui M
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Output from the primitive equation model of Semtner and Chervin is used to examine the seasonal cycle in bottom pressure (Pb) over the global ocean. Effects of the volume-conserving formulation of the model on the calculation Of Pb are considered. The estimated seasonal, large-scale Pb signals have amplitudes ranging from less than 1 cm over most of the deep ocean to several centimeters over shallow, boundary regions. Variability generally increases toward the western sides of the basins, and...
Topics: OPTICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, FIELD OF VIEW, HYDROLOGY, LOW EARTH ORBITS, RADIO FREQUENCIES,...
241
241
May 28, 2011
05/11
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Cui, Zhenqia
texts
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In this thesis, we analyze various factors that affect quality of service (QoS) communication in high-speed, packet-switching sub-networks. We hypothesize that sub-network-wide bandwidth reservation and guaranteed CPU processing power at endpoint systems for handling data traffic are indispensable to achieving hard end-to-end quality of service. Different bandwidth reservation strategies, traffic characterization schemes, and scheduling algorithms affect the network resources and CPU usage as...
Topics: RADIATION DOSAGE, COMMUNICATION SATELLITES, EXTRATERRESTRIAL RADIATION, IONIZING RADIATION, LOW...
426
426
Jun 12, 2011
06/11
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Truszkowski, Walt; Rash, James; Hinchey, Mike; Rouff, Chrustopher A
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Swarms of intelligent autonomous spacecraft, involving complex behaviors and interactions, are being proposed for future space exploration missions. Such missions provide greater flexibility and offer the possibility of gathering more science data than traditional single spacecraft missions. The emergent properties of swarms make these missions powerful, but simultaneously far more difficult to design, and to assure that the proper behaviors will emerge. These missions are also considerably...
Topics: AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS, SUNSPOTS, GEOMAGNETISM, SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS, EXTRATERRESTRIAL...
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182
Aug 1, 2010
08/10
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Bryan, Kurt; Vogelius, Michae
texts
eye 182
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The problem of locating and identifying a collection of finitely many cracks inside a planar domain from measurements of the electrostatic boundary potentials induced by specified current fluxes is considered. It is shown that a collection of n or fewer cracks can be uniquely identified by measuring the boundary potentials induced by n 1 specified current fluxes, consisting entirely of electrode pairs.
Topics: DESIGN ANALYSIS, LOW EARTH ORBITS, MISSION PLANNING, ORBITAL SERVICING, RESCUE OPERATIONS, SPACE...
267
267
Jun 9, 2011
06/11
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Abdel-Magid, Beckr
texts
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Winona State University is an undergraduate institution, and the composite materials engineering program is an ABET accredited undergraduate program offering B.S. degree in Composite Materials Engineering (CME). Over the last three years, eight students in the CME program have worked in this research project. These students gained hands-on research experience in planning a research project, brainstorming, literature review, experimentation, data analysis, discussion of results, documentation of...
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, IONOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE, LOW EARTH ORBITS,...
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220
Jun 9, 2011
06/11
by
Abdel-Magid, Beckr
texts
eye 220
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A major issue for many designers and engineers is the long-term mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites (PMC). These composites are being used more than ever in high-performance applications; and engineers need to understand the characteristics of polymeric behavior as they relate to the time-dependent mechanical properties, or viscoelastic properties. The viscoelastic nature of polymers dominates the mechanical properties of polymeric composites. Failure modes such as excessive...
Topics: LOW EARTH ORBITS, HELIUM, FIELD OF VIEW, ELECTRON IMPACT, SOLAR WIND, SPACECRAFT CHARGING,...
859
859
May 21, 2011
05/11
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Mcnider, Richard T
texts
eye 859
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In the spring and summer of 1986, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) will sponsor the Satellite Precipitation And Cloud Experiment (SPACE) to be conducted in the Central Tennessee, Northern Alabama, and Northeastern Mississippi area. The field program will incorporate high altitude flight experiments associated with meteorological remote sensor development for future space flight, and an investigation of precipitation processes associated with mesoscale and small convective systems. In...
Topics: AEROSPACE SYSTEMS, LOW EARTH ORBITS, SPACECRAFT CONTAMINATION, SPALLATION, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, EARTH...
2,211
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May 23, 2011
05/11
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Wilden, K. S.; Harris, C. G.; Flynn, B. W.; Gessel, M. G.; Scholz, D. B.; Stawski, S.; Winston, V
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The goal of Boeing's Advanced Technology Composite Aircraft Structures (ATCAS) program is to develop the technology required for cost-and weight-efficient use of composite materials in transport fuselage structure. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy was chosen for fuselage skins and stiffening elements, and for passenger and cargo floor structures. The automated fiber placement (AFP) process was selected for fabrication of stringer-stiffened and sandwich skin panels. Circumferential and window...
Topics: PROPULSION, LIFT DRAG RATIO, LIQUID OXYGEN, LIQUID HYDROGEN, LOW EARTH ORBITS, LOW THRUST, REUSABLE...
234
234
May 28, 2011
05/11
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Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, J.; Emiley, Mark S.; Agte, Jeremy S.; Sandusky, Robert R., Jr
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Bi-Level Integrated System Synthesis (BLISS) is a method for optimization of an engineering system, e.g., an aerospace vehicle. BLISS consists of optimizations at the subsystem (module) and system levels to divide the overall large optimization task into sets of smaller ones that can be executed concurrently. In the initial version of BLISS that was introduced and documented in previous publications, analysis in the modules was kept at the early conceptual design level. This paper reports on...
Topics: RADIATION TRAPPING, SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FLIGHTS, SPACECRAFT DESIGN, PROTONS, ELECTRONS,...
717
717
May 29, 2011
05/11
by
NON
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This supplemental issue of Aeronautical Engineering, A Continuing Bibliography with Indexes (NASA/SP-2000-7037) lists reports, articles, and other documents recently announced in the NASA STI Database. The coverage includes documents on the engineering and theoretical aspects of design, construction, evaluation, testing, operation, and performance of aircraft (including aircraft engines) and associated components, equipment, and systems. It also includes research and development in...
Topics: SPACE TRANSPORTATION, INDUSTRIES, LOSSES, LOW EARTH ORBITS, PAYLOADS, PROBABILITY THEORY, COST...
172
172
May 29, 2011
05/11
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Harrus, Ilan
texts
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This is the final report on the work done on Supernova Remnant (SNR) G18-95-1.1. The data were taken on April, 2. 1998 and delivered a couple of months later to the Principal Investigator (PI: Dr. Ilana Harrus). We received a CD-ROM containing the results of the standard processing pipeline and all the files needed for the analysis. We have analyzed the data and presented a poster on this object at the 194th American Astronomical Society Meeting in Chicago (June 1999). A copy of the poster is...
Topics: RADIATION TRAPPING, MIR SPACE STATION, SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FLIGHTS, SPACE SHUTTLES,...
689
689
May 28, 2011
05/11
by
Mei, Renwei; Luo, Li-Shi; Shyy, We
texts
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The lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) is an alternative kinetic method capable of solving hydrodynamics for various systems. Major advantages of the method are owing to the fact that the solution for the particle distribution functions is explicit, easy to implement, and natural to parallelize. Because the method often uses uniform regular Cartesian lattices in space, curved boundaries axe often approximated by a series of stairs that leads to reduction in computational accuracy. In this work, a...
Topics: LAUNCH WINDOWS, PLANAR STRUCTURES, ORBITAL MANEUVERS, SPACECRAFT PERFORMANCE, LOW EARTH ORBITS,...
542
542
May 31, 2011
05/11
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Iseler, Laura; DeMaio, Jo
texts
eye 542
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A study of rotorcraft accidents was conducted to identify safety issues and research areas that might lead to a reduction in rotorcraft accidents and fatalities. The primary source of data was summaries of National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident reports. From 1990 to 1996, the NTSB documented 1396 civil rotorcraft accidents in the United States in which 491 people were killed. The rotorcraft data were compared to airline and general aviation data to determine the relative safety of...
Topics: POLYIMIDES, LOW EARTH ORBITS, FOAMS, FATIGUE (MATERIALS), DEGRADATION, STABILITY, PHOTOELECTRON...
330
330
Jul 26, 2010
07/10
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Goward, Samuel N.; Petzold, Donald E
texts
eye 330
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A comparison was conducted between ground reflectance spectra collected in Schefferville, Canada and imaging spectrometer observations acquired by the AVIRIS sensor in a flight of the ER-2 Aircraft over the same region. The high spectral contrasts present in the Canadian Subarctic appeared to provide an effective test of the operational readiness of the AVIRIS sensor. Previous studies show that in this location various land cover materials possess a wide variety of visible/near infrared...
Topics: AEROASSIST, EARTH ORBITS, FLIGHT TIME, LOW EARTH ORBITS, PARKING ORBITS, SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORIES,...
219
219
Aug 2, 2010
08/10
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Masud, Abu S. M
texts
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Fellowship activities were directed towards the identification of opportunities for application of the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques in the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) domain. I identified several application possibilities and proposed demonstration application in these three areas: evaluation and ranking of SEI architectures, space mission planning and selection, and space system design. Here, only the first problem is discussed. The most meaningful result of the...
Topics: LAUNCH VEHICLES, SPACE STATION FREEDOM, LIFTING BODIES, LIFTING REENTRY VEHICLES, MANNED...
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May 22, 2011
05/11
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Rabeau, Arthur A.; Bensaoula, Abdelhak; Jamison, Keith D.; Horton, Charles; Ignatiev, Alex; Glover, John R
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A key element of U.S. industrial competitiveness in the 1990's will be the exploitation of advanced technologies which involve low-volume, high-profit manufacturing. The demands of such manufacture limit participation to a few major entities in the U.S. and elsewhere, and offset the lower manufacturing costs of other countries which have, for example, captured much of the consumer electronics market. One such technology is thin-film epitaxy, a technology which encompasses several techniques...
Topics: AEROSPACE PLANES, GROUND TESTS, LOW EARTH ORBITS, MACH NUMBER, PROTOTYPES, RETURN TO EARTH SPACE...
387
387
May 23, 2011
05/11
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Hewston, Alan W.; Mitchell, Kent A.; Sawicki, Jerzy T
texts
eye 387
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This paper provides an overview of the on-orbit operation of the Attitude Control Subsystem (ACS) for the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). The three ACTS control axes are defined, including the means for sensing attitude and determining the pointing errors. The desired pointing requirements for various modes of control as well as the disturbance torques that oppose the control are identified. Finally, the hardware actuators and control loops utilized to reduce the attitude...
Topics: MANNED MARS MISSIONS, DEEP SPACE, INTERPLANETARY TRAJECTORIES, LOW EARTH ORBITS, DELAY, TIME...
213
213
May 21, 2011
05/11
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Rule, William Keit
texts
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A computer program called BALLIST that is intended to be a design tool for engineers is described. BALLlST empirically predicts the bumper thickness required to prevent perforation of the Space Station pressure wall by a projectile (such as orbital debris) as a function of the projectile's velocity. 'Ballistic' limit curves (bumper thickness vs. projectile velocity) are calculated and are displayed on the screen as well as being stored in an ASCII file. A Whipple style of spacecraft wall...
Topics: CONTAMINATION, LOW EARTH ORBITS, MICROMETEOROIDS, OXYGEN ATOMS, SPACE DEBRIS, TENSILE STRENGTH,...
236
236
May 30, 2011
05/11
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Stropki, Michael A.; Cleyrat, Danial A.; Clinton, Raymond G., Jr
texts
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Partnership is more than just coordination, stated then-Commander of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Major General Dick Paul (USAF-Ret), at this year's National Space and Missile Materials Symposium. His comment referred to the example of the joint planning and program execution provided by the Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) Materials Working Group (IMWG). Most people agree that fiscal pressures imposed by shrinking budgets have made it extremely...
Topics: ALGORITHMS, INFRARED RADIATION, LOW EARTH ORBITS, SATELLITE SOUNDING, TELEVISION SYSTEMS,...
219
219
Jun 1, 2011
06/11
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Mahesh, Ashwin; Eager, Rebecca; Campbell, James R.; Spinhirne, James D
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eye 219
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Studies of blowing snow over Antarctica have been limited greatly by the remoteness and harsh conditions of the region. Space-based observations are also of lesser value than elsewhere, given the similarities between ice clouds and snow-covered surfaces, both at infrared and visible wavelengths. It is only in recent years that routine ground-based observation programs have acquired sufficient data to overcome the gap in our understanding of surface blowing snow. In this paper, observations of...
Topics: RADIATION DOSAGE, SPACE SHUTTLES, EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY, SOLAR ACTIVITY, SPACE SUITS, RADIATION...
420
420
May 22, 2011
05/11
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Hayder, M. E.; Turkel, E
texts
eye 420
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Ongoing activities are focused on capturing the sound source in a supersonic jet through careful large eddy simulation (LES). One issue that is addressed is the effect of the boundary conditions, both inflow and outflow, on the predicted flow fluctuations, which represent the sound source. In this study, we examine the accuracy of several boundary conditions to determine their suitability for computations of time-dependent flows. Various boundary conditions are used to compute the flow field of...
Topics: CARBON, LIFE (DURABILITY), PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE, EROSION, EXPOSURE, LOW EARTH ORBITS, OXYGEN ATOMS,...
306
306
May 29, 2011
05/11
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Tai, Ann T.; Chau, Savio N.; Alkalai, Leo
texts
eye 306
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Using COTS products, standards and intellectual properties (IPs) for all the system and component interfaces is a crucial step toward significant reduction of both system cost and development cost as the COTS interfaces enable other COTS products and IPs to be readily accommodated by the target system architecture. With respect to the long-term survivable systems for deep-space missions, the major challenge for us is, under stringent power and mass constraints, to achieve ultra-high reliability...
Topics: TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITS, FLIGHT TESTS, ELLIPTICAL ORBITS, EARTH SCIENCES,...
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335
May 28, 2011
05/11
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Haven, Victor E
texts
eye 335
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Ceramic thermal barrier coatings extend the operating temperature range of actively cooled gas turbine components, therefore increasing thermal efficiency. Performance and lifetime of existing ceram ic coatings are limited by spallation during heating and cooling cycles. Spallation of the ceramic is a function of its microstructure, which is determined by the deposition method. This research is investigating metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of yttria stabilized zirconia to improve...
Topics: ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE, REED-SOLOMON CODES, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, AIR TRAFFIC, COMMUNICATION...
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202
May 23, 2011
05/11
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Shi, Deheng; Shen, Yang; Liu, Jinling; Xiong, Yongjia
texts
eye 202
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We explain the difference of the Hilbert space of the superconformal ghosts (beta,gamma) system from that of its bosonized fields phi and chi. We calculate the chiral correlation functions of phi, chi fields by inserting appropriate projectors.
Topics: MARS EXPLORATION, EARTH-MARS TRAJECTORIES, FLIGHT TIME, LOW EARTH ORBITS, MARS EXCURSION MODULE,...
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129
Sep 20, 2010
09/10
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Moser, Robert D.; Rogers, Michael M
texts
eye 129
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A direct numerical simulation of a plane turbulent mixing layer has been performed. The simulation was initialized using two turbulent velocity fields obtained from direct numerical simulation of a turbulent boundary layer at momentum thickness Reynolds number 300 (Spalart, 1988). The mixing layer is allowed to evolve long enough for self-similar linear growth to occur, with the visual thickness Reynolds number reaching 14,000. The simulated flow is examined for evidence of the coherent...
Topics: EARTH ORBITS, LOW EARTH ORBITS, MARKETING, UNITED KINGDOM, LAUNCH VEHICLES, LAUNCHING, RESEARCH AND...
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2.9K
May 22, 2011
05/11
by
NON
texts
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R and D projects on electricity generating wind turbines were conducted at the NASA Lewis Research Center from 1973 to 1988. Most projects were sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a major element of its Federal Wind Energy Program. Another large wind turbine project was by the Bureau of Reclamation of the U.S. Department of Interior (DOI). From 1988 to 1995, NASA wind energy activities have been directed toward the transfer of technology to commercial and academic organizations....
Topics: COSMIC RAYS, RADIATION DETECTORS, THERMOLUMINESCENCE, ENERGY SPECTRA, LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER (LET),...
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Jun 13, 2011
06/11
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Jones, Kennie H.; Lodding, Kenneth N.; Olariu, Stephan; Wilson, Larry; Xin,Chunshen
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Situation management is a rapidly evolving science where managed sources are processed as realtime streams of events and fused in a way that maximizes comprehension, thus enabling better decisions for action. Sensor networks provide a new technology that promises ubiquitous input and action throughout an environment, which can substantially improve information available to the process. Here we describe a NASA program that requires improvements in sensor networks and situation management. We...
Topics: OPTICAL PROPERTIES, SURFACE REACTIONS, COATINGS, SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS, LOW EARTH ORBITS,...
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657
May 23, 2011
05/11
by
NON
texts
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This document contains presentations from the joint UVA/NASA Workshop on Computational Tools and Facilities for the Next-Generation Analysis and Design Environment held at the Virginia Consortium of Engineering and Science Universities in Hampton, Virginia on September 17-18, 1996. The presentations focused on the computational tools and facilities for analysis and design of engineering systems, including, real-time simulations, immersive systems, collaborative engineering environment,...
Topics: LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER (LET), ACCURACY, IONIZING RADIATION, LOW EARTH ORBITS, MATHEMATICAL MODELS,...
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397
May 31, 2011
05/11
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Blandino, Joseph R.; Johnston, John D.; Dharamsi, Urmil K
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Thin-film membrane structures are under consideration for use in many future gossamer spacecraft systems. Examples include sunshields for large aperture telescopes, solar sails, and membrane optics. The development of capabilities for testing and analyzing pre-tensioned, thin film membrane structures is an important and challenging aspect of gossamer spacecraft technology development. This paper presents results from experimental and computational studies performed to characterize the wrinkling...
Topics: TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT, LOW EARTH ORBITS, ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS, AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS, AUTONOMY,...
512
512
Jun 11, 2011
06/11
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OBryan, Martha V.; Kniffin, Scott D., et al; Seidleck, Christina M.; Carts, Martin A.; LaBel, Kenneth A.; Marshall, Cheryl J.; Reed, Robert A.; Sanders, Anthony B.; Hawkins, Donald K.; Cox, Stephen R.
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We present data on the vulnerability of a variety of candidate spacecraft electronics to proton and heavy ion induced single event effects. Devices tested include digital, analog, linear bipolar, and hybrid devices, among others.
Topics: LOW EARTH ORBITS, LIBRATION, FORMATION FLYING, RETROGRADE ORBITS, PERTURBATION THEORY, LAUNCHING
The Naval Research Laboratory developed and launched the spherical SpinSat satellite to accomplish two primary goals: 1) study the performance of a new class of micro-thrusters, and 2) provide a calibrated drag experiment to characterize Earths upper atmosphere during the current period of relatively high solar activity. The 55.9 cm diameter aluminum sphere is equipped with a set of Electrically-Controlled Solid Propellant (ESP) thrusters, oriented to allow both translational and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Hall,Doyle, Air Force Research Laboratory Maui United States, low earth orbits,...
We report on AFOSR-sponsored research titled Investigation of Ionospheric Turbulence and Whistler Wave Interactions with Space Plasmas(FA9550-09-1-0391 for the period of June 1, 2009 August 31, 2012). It includes two parts: (1) naturally occurring and radio wave-induced large-and medium-scale ionospheric turbulence, and (2) whistler wave-generated short-scale ionospheric turbulence. Two types of large- and medium-scale ionospheric turbulence are discussed separately, viz., (a) anomalous heat...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Lee,Min-Chang, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University...
Cadet Joseph Shields argues the merits of weaponizing space.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Shields,Joseph, AIR FORCE ACADEMY COLORADO SPRINGS CO COLORADO SPRINGS United States,...
Orbital altitudes congested with spacecraft and debris combined with recent collisions have all but negated the Big Sky Theory. As the sheer number of orbital objects to track grows unbounded so does interest in prediction methods that are rapid and minimally computational. Claimed as the \other solvable solution, the recently completed solution too orbital motion about the earth, based on Vinti's method and including the major effects of the equatorial bulge, opens up the prospect of much more...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Wright,Steven P, Air Force Institute of Technology Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,...
Orbital space debris can be defined as dead satellites, discarded rocket parts, or simply flecks of paint or other small objects orbiting the earth. It is simply space junk, but junk that can be extremely dangerous to space assets. Most of the debris concerns are associated with satellites and manned space missions in Low-Earth orbit (LEO). LEO extends out to about 5,000 kilometers from the earths equator.1 There are two other bands of orbits that contain satellites. The first,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Donahue,Jack, Air Command and Staff College Maxwell Air Force Base United States,...
Space capabilities are vital to United States national power, commerce, science, and prestige. These capabilities will grow even more vital to the United States and the global economy by 2035. What will the space technology and operating environment look like in 2035? Technology trends in two fundamental areas -- spacecraft and space transportation -- indicate space technologies, capabilities, products, and services will become far more affordable, ubiquitous, globally available, and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Buck,Darren J, Air War College Air University Maxwell AFB United States, space...
Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, space has been transformed from a mostly serene environment to one bustling with activity. The past five decades have witnessed a global growth in reliance on space capabilities and a corresponding increase in the number of man-made objects in orbit. The capabilities and missions performed from space have proliferated in both sophistication and complexity. In addition, threats to on-orbit assets are also on the rise. These factors all point to the need for...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Ackerman,Edward T, Air War College Air University Maxwell AFB United States, space...
This paper examines Chinas growing military space program to assess if it is a threat to the national security interests of the United States. There are four possible space doctrines or combinations thereof that China can pursue space sanctuary, survivability, control, and/or high-ground (dominance). Chinese pursuit of either of the latter two would pose a security threat to the United States. This paper assesses which doctrine China is pursuing based on recent Chinese space activities, Chinese...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Wulff,Timothy R, Air War College Air University Maxwell AFB United States, china,...
While effects-based operations and thinking have created significant debate, joint doctrine focuses on effects as an element of operational design rather than the many variations of effects-based operations theory. There is a critical relationship among desired effects, critical vulnerabilities, and military means. The Joint Force Commanders ability to create desired effects against an adversary's critical vulnerabilities (in order to attack the enemy's center of gravity) using military means...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Stevens,David L, AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE, AIR UNIVERSITY Maxwell Air Force Base...
This study explores the influence of norms governing state behavior in outer space. While the US currently enjoys a preponderance of presence in outer space, and is thus the most influential state within the space medium, this lead has been eroding as more states actively participate in space. At a time of soaring national debt and shrinking military budgets, this thesis looks at ways the US can maintain its lead and protect its investment in space. While kinetic weaponization of space offers...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Long,Patrick V, Air University School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Maxwell AFB...
This research developed a methodology for determining the required accuracy of the dynamic model based on system requirements, the relative navigation accuracy and thruster accuracy. A state transition matrix was developed to propagate satellite relative motion to include non-conservative forces and the effect of higher order gravitational terms. The models developed were validated using numerical simulations.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Alfriend,Kyle T, TEXAS ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION COLLEGE STATION COLLEGE STATION...
Particle swarm optimization is used to generate an initial guess for designing fuel-optimal trajectories in multiple dynamical environments. Trajectories designed in the vicinity of Earth use continuous or finite low-thrust burning and transfer from an inclined or equatorial circular low-Earth-orbit to a geostationary orbit. In addition, a trajectory from near-Earth to a periodic orbit about the cislunar Lagrange point with minimized impulsive burn costs is designed within a multi-body...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Zurita,Alfredo Jr G, AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH...
The circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP) is a simplified dynamical model for a satellite under the gravitational influence of both the Earth and the Moon, maintaining closer fidelity to the gravitational environment experienced by a high-altitude Earth-orbiting spacecraft than modeling in the Earth-satellite two-body problem. Resonant orbit arcs are used to determine an initial guess to input into an algorithm that computes a trajectory solution with specific design requirements and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Wilmer,Meredith M, AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH...
Since the first space mission in 1957 (Sputnik 1), artificial objects of different size appeared in orbits around the Earth. Nowadays, the number of such objects is estimated to be over 2 millions. More than 300000 of them have a size greater than 10 cm although only 5% of them are catalogued. The observation and tracking of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) has become a crucial task in launch planning of new satellites, collisions-avoidance operations and in general to ensure the safety of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Martorella,Marco, UNIVERSITY DI PISA, DEPARTMENT DI INGEGNERIA PISA Italy, space...
This work contains the definition of the initial orbit determination (IOD) method with some first results, a literature review about the Manifold, the creation of the algorithms and architecture for the ADS and the initial merging of the ADS into the IOD technique. The IOD algorithm is explained, implemented and comparisons with results from literature are also outlined. In specific it takes as input optical observations and gives as output the state of the object at the central time of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Di Lizia,Pierluigi, POLITECNICO DI MILANO MILANO Italy, SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS,...
