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This video contains historical footage of the flight of Apollo-13, the fifth Lunar Mission and the third spacecraft that was to land on the Moon. Apollo-13’s launch date was April 11, 1970. On the 13th of April, after docking with the Lunar Module, the astronauts, Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, and Jack Swiggert, discovered that their oxygen tanks had ruptured and ended up entering and returning to Earth in the Lunar Module instead of the Command Module. There is footage of inside module and Mission...
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Topics: NASA, APOLLO 13 FLIGHT, COMMAND MODULES, GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS, HISTORIES, LUNAR EXPLORATION,...
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Jan 16, 2012
01/12
Jan 16, 2012
by
Hurd, W. J
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The prototype system for Deep Space Network clock synchronization by VLBI has been demonstrated to operate successfully over intercontinental baselines in a series of experiments between Deep Space Stations at Madrid, Spain, and Goldstone, California. As predicted by analysis and short baseline demonstration, the system achieves reliable synchronization between 26m and 64m antenna stations with 17 and 37K nominal system temperatures using under one million bits of data from each station....
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Topics: AIRCRAFT FUELS, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, PERFORMANCE PREDICTION, FUEL COMBUSTION, HYDROGEN FUELS, LIQUID...
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For several years, NASA's plans for Mars exploration have included a 1979 Viking Mission as a logical follow-on to the 1975 Viking Mission. Future budget estimates are not firm though, and they may allow resources for Mars exploration which will not be sufficient for an ambitious and expensive mission such as Viking. Rather than abandoning Mars exploration until some time when budgets are more favorable, NASA would like the option to continue by flying more modest missions. One such option...
Topics: EARTH MAGNETOSPHERE, MISSION PLANNING, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, TECHNOLOGY...
The GEWEX (Global Energy and Water cycle EXperiment) objectives are as follows: to determine the hydrologic cycle and energy fluxes by means of global measurements of observable atmospheric and surface properties; to model the global hydrologic cycle and its effects on the atmosphere and oceans; to foster the development of observing techniques and data management and assimilation systems; and to develop the ability to predict the variations of global and regional hydrologic processes and water...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLIMATE CHANGE, DATA MANAGEMENT, EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM...
This paper presents a conceptual design for the attitude control and determination (ACAD) system for the Magnetosphere Imager (Ml) spacecraft. The MI is a small spin-stabilized spacecraft that has been proposed for launch on a Taurus-S expendable launch vehicle into a highly-ellipdcal polar Earth orbit. Presently, launch is projected for 1999. The paper describes the MI mission and ACAD requirements and then proposes an ACAD system for meeting these requirements. The proposed design is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, ATTITUDE CONTROL, ATTITUDE INDICATORS,...
ST5 mission requirements include validation of Lithium-ion battery in orbit. Accommodation in the power system for Li-ion battery can be reduced with smaller amp-hour size, highly matched cells when compared to the larger amp-hour size approach. Result can be lower system mass and increased reliability.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, ELECTRIC BATTERIES, MISSION PLANNING,...
In this thesis, effort is made to incorporate the computer program, Improved Many(Jammers)-on-Many(Radars) (IMOM), into radar and electronic warfare curricula at the Naval Postgraduate School. The IMOM program is used operationally by the U.S. Air Force for electronic combat mission planning. IMOM allows the user to evaluate electronic combat effects through computer color graphics display of the electronic order of battle including terrain effects. This same program used in an academic role,...
Topics: Electronic order of battle, Electronic combat mission planning, Radar, Electronic warfare, IMOM, EOB
A number of tasks needed to be performed to operate the DC-8 aircraft in the Arctic Ozone Expedition during 1989. These included development of improved navigational computer programs and performing advanced planning for flight tracks. The missions required further work in the field to plan flight tracks and to establish a data archive. The DC-8 aircraft was operated during the deployment phase of the Arctic Ozone Expedition. Data were collected revealing the presence of extensive systems of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ARCTIC REGIONS, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, DC 8 AIRCRAFT, MISSION...
The technology effort is identified and assessed that is required to bring the civil uses of RPVs to fruition and to determine whether or not the potential market is real and economically practical, the technologies are within reach, the operational problems are manageable, and the benefits are worth the cost. To do so, the economic, technical, and environmental implications are examined. The time frame is 1980-85. Representative uses are selected; detailed functional and performance...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CIVIL AVIATION, COST EFFECTIVENESS, MISSION PLANNING,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ARIEL SATELLITES, COSMIC RAYS, HEAO, MISSION PLANNING, NASA...
A summary report and overview of the Outer Planet Probe Technology Conference are given. Summary data cover: (1) state of the art concerning mission definitions, probe requirements, systems, subsystems, and mission peculiar hardware, (2) mission and equipment trade-offs associated with Saturn/Uranus baseline configuration and the influence of Titan and Jupiter options on mission performance and costs, and (3) identification of critically required future R and D activities.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES, SPACE EXPLORATION, SPACE PROBES, COST...
The design, development, and implementation of a prototype expert system which could aid designers and system engineers in the placement of racks aboard modules on the Space Station Freedom are described. This type of problem is relevant to any program with multiple constraints and requirements demanding solutions which minimize usage of limited resources. This process is generally performed by a single, highly experienced engineer who integrates all the diverse mission requirements and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ARCHITECTURE (COMPUTERS), CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT, EXPERT...
A system which generates plans for the dynamic environment of space operations is discussed. This system synthesizes plans by combining known operations under a set of physical, functional, and temperal constraints from various plan entities, which are modeled independently but combine in a flexible manner to suit dynamic planning needs. This independence allows the generation of a single plan source which can be compiled and applied to a variety of agents. The architecture blends elements of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERFACE, MISSION...
Operations concepts for the assembly and servicing of the Astromag Attached Payload on the Space Station Freedom (SSF) are presented. Scenario scripts and graphical representations of the installation of the core facility (CF) on the SSF, installation of experiment hardware on the CF, and the changeout of experiments on the CF are also presented.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ORBITAL ASSEMBLY, ORBITAL SERVICING, PAYLOAD STATIONS, SPACE...
Various missions scenarios (Space Station logistics, LEO and GEO services, and SEI operation) will involve flexibility in mission management. This means operations will be one or a combination of the following: autonomous, supervised autonomous, and machine aided manual control. Smart Systems will likely play a significant role in making these missions successful from a safety/reliability perspective and less costly from an operations perspective. This does not imply that Smart Systems need to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EXPERT SYSTEMS, FLEXIBILITY, LOGISTICS, MISSION PLANNING,...
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Truong, Son H.; Cuevas, Osvaldo O.; Slojkowski, Steve
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NASA's Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) was launched from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Complex 17 aboard a Delta II 7425-10 expendable launch vehicle on June 30, 2001. The spacecraft received a nominal direct insertion by the Delta expendable launch vehicle into a 185-km circular orbit with a 28.7deg inclination. MAP was then maneuvered into a sequence of phasing loops designed to set up a lunar swingby (gravity-assisted acceleration) of the spacecraft onto a transfer trajectory to a...
Topics: NICKEL HYDROGEN BATTERIES, PERFORMANCE TESTS, SPACECRAFT CONFIGURATIONS, SYSTEM FAILURES, CHARGE...
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Menkara, H. M.; Wagner, B. K.; Summers, C. J
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A comprehensive characterization has been made of the static and dynamical response of conventional and multiple quantum well (MQW) avalanche photodiodes (APDs). Comparison of the gain characteristics at low voltages between the MQW and conventional APDs show a direct experimental confirmation of a structure-induced carrier multiplication due to interband impact ionization. Similar studies of the bias dependence of the excess noise characteristics show that the low-voltage gain is primarily due...
Topics: VENUS (PLANET), PLANETARY MAPPING, ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, HISTORIES, VENUS ATMOSPHERE, PIONEER...
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This is the ontology defined for representing information that is necessarily exchanged between vehicles and MMT/middleware components.
Topics: ontology, mission planning, environment
To meet cost and safety objectives, space missions that involve proximity operations between two vehicles require a high level of autonomy to successfully complete their missions. The need for autonomy is primarily driven by the need to conduct complex operations outside of communication windows, and the communication time delays inherent in space missions. Autonomy also supports the goals of both NASA and the DOD to make space operations more routine, and lower operational costs by reducing...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AUTONOMY, SPACE MISSIONS, INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, COST...
Orbit maintenance is the series of burns performed during a mission to ensure the orbit satisfies mission constraints. Low-altitude missions often require non-trivial orbit maintenance Delta V due to sizable orbital perturbations and minimum altitude thresholds. A strategy is presented for minimizing this Delta V using impulsive burn parameter optimization. An initial estimate for the burn parameters is generated by considering a feasible solution to the orbit maintenance problem. An low-lunar...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LUNAR ORBITS, MISSION PLANNING, ORBIT CALCULATION, ORBIT...
For abstract, see .
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EARTH RESOURCES, MISSION PLANNING, NASA PROGRAMS, SPACE...
The results are presented of a study of a candidate load relief control law for use during the pullup phase of Return-to-Launch-Site (RTLS) abort entries. The control law parameters and cycle time which optimized performance of the normal load factor limiting phase (load relief phase) of an RTLS entry are examined. A set of control law gains, a smoothing parameter, and a normal force coefficient curve fit are established which resulted in good load relief performance considering the possible...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ABORT TRAJECTORIES, AERODYNAMIC LOADS, REENTRY TRAJECTORIES,...
The progress made and the problems encountered by the various program elements of the shuttle program in achieving the 160 hour ground turnaround goal are presented and evaluated. Task assessment time is measured against the program allocation time.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MISSION PLANNING, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, SPACE SHUTTLES, SPACE...
Four Antarctic explorers were invited to a workshop at Johnson Space Center (JSC) to provide expert assessments of NASA's current understanding of future human exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit. These explorers had been on relatively sophisticated, extensive Antarctic expeditions with sparse or nonexistent support infrastructure in the period following World War II through the end of the International Geophysical Year. Their experience was similar to that predicted for early Mars or...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ANTARCTIC REGIONS, SPACE EXPLORATION, MARS SURFACE, PLANETARY...
Dr. Geoffrey A. Landis of the Photovoltaics and Space Environment Effects Branch presented an overview of recent discoveries about the environment of Mars. He covered missions from the 1966 Mariner IV that returned those first grainy close-up pictures of Mars showing an ancient cratered terrain to the Mars Odyssey mission with its tantalizing evidence of recent water flows on Mars. Mars is one of the most interesting planets in the solar system, featuring enormous canyons, giant volcanoes, and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MARS ATMOSPHERE, MARS SURVEYOR 2001 MISSION, MARS (PLANET),...
Future science missions will require the use of multiple spacecraft with multiple sensor nodes autonomously responding and adapting to a dynamically changing space environment. The acquisition of random scientific events will require rapidly changing network topologies, distributed processing power, and a dynamic resource management strategy. Optimum utilization and configuration of spacecraft communications and navigation resources will be critical in meeting the demand of these stringent...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SPACE COMMUNICATION, COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, SYSTEMS...
Throughout its history, the U.S. Space Science technologies program has been enormously productive. Its accomplishments have rewritten the textbooks. But now, the economic environment has changed dramatically. The Nation's scientific and technological goals are being reexamined and redefined.And the social contract between the scientific community and the Federal Government is being rewritten. There is an expectation that the American public should receive more direct benefits from its...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SPACE MISSIONS, NASA PROGRAMS, EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGY...
A study of a near-term, low risk two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) vehicle was undertaken. The goal of the study was to assess a fully reusable TSTO vehicle with horizontal takeoff and landing capability that could deliver 10,000 pounds to a 120 nm polar orbit. The configuration analysis was based on the Beta vehicle design. A cooperative study was performed to redesign and refine the Beta concept to meet the mission requirements. The vehicle resulting from this study was named Beta II. It has an...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROSPACE PLANES, AIR BREATHING ENGINES, LAUNCH VEHICLE...
Project Minerva is a low-cost manned Mars mission designed to deliver a crew of four to the Martian surface, using only two sets of two launches. Key concepts which make this mission realizable are the use of near-term technologies and in-situ propellant production, following the senario originally proposed by R. Zubrin of Martin Marietta. The first set of launches delivers two unmanned payloads into low earth orbit (LEO): one consists of an Earth Return Vehicle (ERV), a propellant production...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), INTERPLANETARY FLIGHT, INTERPLANETARY SPACECRAFT, LONG...
A workshop was held at the Lunar and Planetary Institute on September 4-5, 1997, to address the surface elements of the Mars Reference Mission now being reviewed by NASA. The workshop considered the current reference mission and addressed the types of activities that would be expected for science and resource exploration and facilities operations. A set of activities was defined that can be used to construct "vignettes" of the surface mission. These vignettes can form the basis for...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MARS SURFACE, CONFERENCES, PLANING, MISSION PLANNING,...
This paper provides information for trajectory designers and mission planners to determine Earth-Mars and Mars-Earth mission opportunities for the years 2009-2024. These studies were performed in support of a human Mars mission scenario that will consist of two cargo launches followed by a piloted mission during the next opportunity approximately 2 years later. "Porkchop" plots defining all of these mission opportunities are provided which include departure energy, departure excess...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EARTH-MARS TRAJECTORIES, TRAJECTORY PLANNING, INTERPLANETARY...
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) invests in chemical and electric propulsion systems to achieve future mission objectives for both human exploration and robotic science. Propulsion system requirements for human missions are derived from the exploration architecture being implemented in the Constellation Program. The Constellation Program first develops a system consisting of the Ares I launch vehicle and Orion spacecraft to access the Space Station, then builds on this...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PROPULSION SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS, ELECTRIC PROPULSION,...
Two tools were developed for designing station-keeping trajectories and estimating delta-v requirements for designing missions to a small body such as a comet or asteroid. This innovation uses NPOPT, a non-sparse, general-purpose sequential quadratic programming (SQP) optimizer and the Two-Level Differential Corrector (T-LDC) in LTool (Libration point mission design Tool) to design three kinds of station-keeping scripts: vertical hovering, horizontal hovering, and orbiting. The T-LDC is used to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), STATIONKEEPING, MISSION PLANNING, COMETS, ASTEROIDS,...
As part of the NASA's DESDynI mission, global elevation profiles from contiguous 25 m footprint Lidar measurements will be made. Here we present results of a performance simulation of a single pass of the multi-beam Lidar instrument over uplifted marine terraces in southern Alaska. The significance of the Lidar simulations is that surface topography would be captured at sufficient resolution for mapping uplifted terraces features but it will be hard to discern I-2m topographic change over...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OPTICAL RADAR, VEGETATION, RADAR MEASUREMENT, PERFORMANCE...
Monte is a software set designed for use in mission design and spacecraft navigation operations. The system can process measurement data, design optimal trajectories and maneuvers, and do orbit determination, all in one application. For the first time, a single software set can be used for mission design and navigation operations. This eliminates problems due to different models and fidelities used in legacy mission design and navigation software. The unique features of Monte 040 include a...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MISSION PLANNING, DATA PROCESSING, ORBIT DETERMINATION, SPACE...
We describe a mission architecture designed to substantially increase the science capability of the NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) Astrophysics Explorer Program for all AO proposers working within the near-UV to far-infrared spectrum. We have demonstrated that augmentation of Falcon 9 Explorer launch services with a 13 kW Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) stage can deliver a 700 kg science observatory payload to extra-Zodiacal orbit. This new capability enables up to ~13X increased...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION, ASTRONOMICAL SATELLITES, MISSION...
Requirements for and definitions of a cost effective orbital facility concept, capable of supporting extended manned operations in earth orbit beyond those visualized for the 7 to 30 day shuttle/spacelab system, were studied. Data are given on requirements derivation, concepts identification, systems analysis and definition, and programmatics.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COST EFFECTIVENESS, MANNED SPACE FLIGHT, MISSION PLANNING,...
This report describes two complementary approaches to the problem of space mission planning and scheduling. The first is an Expert System or Knowledge-Based System for automatically resolving most of the activity conflicts in a candidate plan. The second is an Interactive Graphics Decision Aid to assist the operator in manually resolving the residual conflicts which are beyond the scope of the Expert System. The two system designs are consistent with future ground control station activity...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AUTOMATIC CONTROL, EXPERT SYSTEMS, GROUND BASED CONTROL,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AEROS SATELLITE, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, UPPER ATMOSPHERE,...
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SPACE FLIGHT HANDBOOKS. VOLUME 2- LUNAR FLIGHT HANDBOOK PART 1 - BACKGROUND MATERIAL Lunar flight mechanics and mission planning NASA-SP-34, PT. 1
Topics: NASA, NASA Technical Reports, space flight dynamics, spaceflight dynamics, AEROSPACE SYSTEMS,...
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No Abstract Available
Topics: AEROBRAKING, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INTERPLANETARY...
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A wind-tunnel investigation of the Boeing XB-47 full-scale empennage was conducted to provide, prior to flight tests, data required on the effectiveness of the elevator and rudder. The XB-47 airplane is a jet-propelled medium bomber having wing and tail surfaces swept back 35 degrees. The investigation included tests of the effectiveness of the elevator with normal straight sides, with a buldged trailing edge, and with a modified hinge-line gap and tests of the effectiveness of the rudder with...
Topics: SPACE STATION FREEDOM, PAYLOADS, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, SPACE LOGISTICS, STRUCTURAL DESIGN,...
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Allen, Jaclyn; Luckey, M.; McInturff, B.; Huynh, P.; Tobola, K.; Loftin, L
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NASA is eager for students and the public to experience lunar Apollo samples and meteorites first hand. Lunar rocks and soil, embedded in Lucite disks, are available for educators to use in their classrooms, museums, science centers, and public libraries for education activities and display. The sample education disks are valuable tools for engaging students in the exploration of the Solar System. Scientific research conducted on the Apollo rocks reveals the early history of our Earth-Moon...
Topics: EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE), CLOUDSAT, REMOTE SENSING, MISSION PLANNING, EARTH SCIENCES,...
In many planning and scheduling environments, it is desirable to be able to view and manipulate plans at different levels of abstraction, allowing the users the option of viewing and manipulating either a very detailed representation of the plan or a high-level more abstract version of the plan. Generating a detailed plan from a more abstract plan requires domain-specific planning/scheduling knowledge; the reverse process of generating a high-level plan from a detailed plan Reverse Plan...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HIERARCHIES, MISSION PLANNING, SCHEDULING, SPACE STATION...
Studies of an advanced technology space station configured to implement subsystem technologies projected for availability in the time period 2000 to 2025 is documented. These studies have examined the practical synergies in operational performance available through subsystem technology selection and identified the needs for technology development. Further analyses are performed on power system alternates, momentum management and stabilization, electrothermal propulsion, composite materials and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY, MISSION PLANNING, SPACE STATIONS,...
A bootstrap lunar base is the gateway to manned solar system exploration and requires new ideas and new designs on the cutting edge of technology. A preliminary design for a Bootstrap Lunar Base, the second provided by this contractor, is presented. An overview of the work completed is discussed as well as the technical, management, and cost strategies to complete the program requirements. The lunar base design stresses the transforming capabilities of its lander vehicles to aid in base...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS, LUNAR BASES,...
The follow-on agreement will implement needed systems enhancements of the satellite ground station installed under the previous SPSSD/WS project. These enhancements include the purchase and installation of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) and lightning protection unit, hardware modifications to provide system redundancy and increased data storage capacity, software modifications for the new Japanese GMS digital data, upgrades of the image processing software, and both hardware maintenance...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES, SATELLITE OBSERVATION, SATELLITE...
The SpaceCubeTM v2.0 system is a superior high performance, reconfigurable, hybrid data processing system that can be used in a multitude of applications including those that require a radiation hardened and reliable solution. This paper provides an overview of the design architecture, flexibility, and the advantages of the modular SpaceCube v2.0 high performance data processing system for space applications. The current state of the proven SpaceCube technology is based on nine years of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRBORNE/SPACEBORNE COMPUTERS, DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT,...
The following study objectives were investigated and results are briefly discussed: (1) identify flight control ground functions for representative STS payloads, (2) investigate present/planned NASA-wide facilities for STS payload control, (3) determine feasible, cost effective system concept options for flight control of STS payloads, and (4) development of implementation guidelines for proposed concept option(s).
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PAYLOADS, SPACE SHUTTLES, SPACE TRANSPORTATION, COMPUTER...
Details of the generation of the separation trajectories are discussed. The analysis culminated in definition of separation trajectories between physical separation and orbiter/carrier vortex clearance. Specifications, assumptions and analytical approach used to generate the separation trajectories are presented. Results of the analytical approach are evaluated. Conclusions and recommendations are summarized. Supporting references are listed.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LAUNCH VEHICLE CONFIGURATIONS, MISSION PLANNING, SPACE...
