As society becomes more accepting of unfamiliar cultures, Marxism must be reexamined for its relationship to current management styles and its potential worth in training and the work environment. The educational method of Marxism emphasizes discussion over lecture. Marxism proposes that general education is the key to having a classless society. It recognizes the need to educate workers, but Marxist leaders fear an attraction to more knowledge and democracy if such a breakthrough would occur....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, Adult Education, Career Development, Employer Employee Relationship,...
In composition studies, the most influential statement of what Brian Street calls the autonomous model of literacy is the work of Walter Ong. Ong bases the foundation of this model on the research on cognitive development done by Alexander Luria, a student of Lev Vygotsky. Ong finds in this research, carried out among the Islamic people of Uzbekistan in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, empirical evidence for his contention that literacy actually causes fundamental changes in human cognition....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Discourse, Cognitive Development, Cultural Context, Ethnocentrism, Foreign...
This paper focuses on the changes in power and control relations in the Swedish society as they relate to issues of curriculum theory and research. Two issues in particular are discussed: (1) why Marxist research is still necessary and to what purpose; and (2) some current taks and problems for Marxist research on curriculum and schooling. (SI)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Curriculum Development, Curriculum Research, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary...
The present research study attempts to investigate Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" and "No Longer at Ease" in terms of Gayatri Spivak Marxist-Post colonialist conceptions of subaltern, colonial discourse and false consciousness. In Postmodernist fiction, there is anxiety that historical concerns such as the scale of violence in the Second World War, the Nazi genocide, the paranoiac politics of the Cold War and European colonialism have made fiction a medium for history....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Females, Postmodernism, Foreign Policy, Cultural Influences, Social Class, Ideology,...
Using the viewpoint of semiotics, this paper "re-reads" Karl Marx's labor theory of value and suggests a "triple triangle" model for commodity production and shows how this model could be a model for semiosis in general. The paper argues that there are three advantages to considering homogeneity of the sign production and the commodity production: two seemingly different phenomena--culture and economics--could be included in the same general theoretical framework; human...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication (Thought Transfer), Marxian Analysis, Models, Research Methodology,...
The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse the ways educational policy is understood, taught and practiced as a training discipline at postgraduate level in the European context. We have validated its epistemological solvency through a quantitative, comparative and ethnographic study of its main features as a discipline--such as ideological and valorative component, praxis-oriented discourse or sustainable and plural normative proposals--found in a stratified sample of 20 countries, 112...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational Policy, Graduate Study, Postsecondary Education as a...
This paper examines, within a framework of the world-system analysis, the process of the nationalization of education in Burma. As a significant part of the nationalist-socialist revolution launched to undermine foreign influences on the Burmese society in 1962, all schools in the country were nationalized and the curriculum "Burmanized." The paper describes the events leading up to the nationalization of schooling in Burma under General Ne Win's government (1962-88) as well as the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Capitalism, Colonialism, Economic Factors, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign...
Government policies of developing nations to stimulate economic development do not necessarily improve the living conditions of their citizens, most of whom are economically poor and politically powerless. A major criticism of attempts by most Western and national governments to promote development is that they serve only the elite. This study of the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) discusses the limitations and potential of a popular education movement in India. The KSSP, which translates...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Economically Disadvantaged, Educational Development, Elementary...
While not attempting to review and criticize the whole body of research of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, this paper explores the applicability of his theory of culture to one of the critical theories of mass communication, namely cultural studies. The paper discusses political economy and Bourdieu's economic rationality and presents an overview of Bourdieu's sociology of culture. The paper compares the two theories within four concepts which are regarded as the central notions of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Context, Culture, Ideology, Marxian Analysis, Mass...
Within the current historical crisis of transnational capitalism, disabled people are finding themselves increasingly at risk. It is essential to (re)theorize the category of disability, particularly in critical response to the emancipatory possibilities offered through "border pedagogies." The paper locates the conceptual category of disability as the central ordering force within the social relations of schooling in much the same manner as theorists of race, class, gender, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Critical Theory, Disabilities, Disability Discrimination, Educational Discrimination,...
Political and economic upheavals in the 1990s have left their mark on adult education. A major source of change is globalization of the capitalist economy and its restructuring, which make extraordinary demands on education, particularly adult education. Lifelong learning has become an ideological distraction shifting the burden of increasing adaptability to the worker and a ray of hope for a more democratic, engaged citizenry. A Marxist-feminist framework explains complex social relations that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Capitalism, Consciousness Raising, Economic Change, Economic...
Purpose: In France at the high school the subject matter "Sciences Économiques et Sociales" (economic and social sciences) deals with the present economic crisis. We study the ways it is taught about: words, and explanatory patterns. Design/methodology/approach: We use a specific approach, that we call "semantic holism", conceiving subject contents as the product of a dual process of didactization and of axiologization of reference knowledge. That implies relating these...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economics Education, Economic Climate, Foreign Countries, Social Sciences, Social...
A comprehensive annotated bibliography contains 108 items including books, journal articles, children's books illustrative of educational materials in China, government reports, research reports, newspaper stories, ERIC documents, and articles from the popular press. The listed items have been published over a broad span of time ranging from the 1920's to the present. While most of the materials are in English, the bibliography contains items written in Swedish, Chinese, French, Russian,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Asian Studies, Comparative Education, Educational...
The International--Part II section of the Proceedings contains the following 20 papers: "An Economic Imperative: Privatization as Reflected in Business Reporting in the Middle East. Egypt as a Case Study" (Leonard Ray Teel, Hussein Amin, Shirley Biagi, and Carolyn Crimmins); "Broadcasting in South Africa: The Politics of Educational Radio" (Paul R. van der Veur); "Why Beijingers Read Newspapers?" (Tao Sun, Xinshu Zhao, and Guoming Yu); "News about Korea and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Civil Liberties, Democracy, Economic Factors, Foreign Countries, Government Role,...
Sylvia Plath's confessional poem, "Lady Lazarus" can be used to illustrate a connection between autobiography and social critique. "You poke and stir" among the institutions that form social relations--the educational system, the court system, the economic system--to find individuals whose lives, whose joys and pains, and struggles for survival have been involved with building, manipulating, consciously demolishing and rebuilding the cultural context(s) in which they form...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Higher Education, Marxian Analysis, Personal Narratives, Poetry,...
Noting that words like "alienation,""ideology," and "hegemony" are cropping up in academic journals (particularly those journals that concern themselves with rhetoric) with more and more frequency, this paper explains some of the basic terms used by the political left. The paper notes that such terms tend to come up even in everyday speech, but the meanings in everyday speech are at some remove from their specialized web of meanings. The second part of the paper...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Critical Thinking, Higher Education, Jargon, Language Usage, Marxian Analysis,...
Although Griffiths (1979) argued that the turmoil in the field of organizational theory would inevitably spill over into educational administration, presaging a paradigm shift, the professoriate in educational administration in North America has largely ignored, or reacted with hostility, to debate over the theoretical foundations of the field. This essay accordingly surveys current thinking in America and in the British Commonwealth countries on the crisis in the theoretical foundations of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Cultural Influences, Educational Administration, Educational...
A Marxian economic analysis of interpersonal communication within a capitalist system finds that capitalism, with its attendant stress on wholly economic values, produces a commodity-oriented society. Mass media advertising is the primary vehicle through which the capitalist culture indoctrinates the ideas of competition for the intangibles (love, freindship, etc.) as well as the tangible things of the culture. Thus intangibles become commodities. The counter-culture (flower children, purposive...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affection, Capitalism, Communication (Thought Transfer), Competitive Selection,...
This article explores David Russell's long-time fascination with Genre as Social Action and Charles Bazerman's idea of genre systems (1994), based on Miller's 1984 article. He explains that the great insight Miller had, in that article, was to bring Schutz's concept of typification, and with it the western European tradition of phenomenological sociology, to North American rhetoric and (professional) communication and composition. Schutz took from the German anti-positivist sociologist Max...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Literary Genres, Social Action, Phenomenology, Social Theories, Writing Processes,...
This essay investigates the depiction of the condition of working class people in African novels with particular reference to "Violence" by Festus Iyayi. The paper examines, first of all, the concept of violence from a Marxist perspective of Franzt Fanon. Furthermore, the paper relates the view of Fanon on violence to what is depicted in the primary text of the paper. The paper argues that the portrayal of the working people in the novel by Iyayi tallies with the view of Fanon in his...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Literary Devices, Working Class, Novels, African Culture, Twentieth Century...
In revealing the transformatory moment of learning technology, a holistic and ongoing critique that is related to a range of socio-cultural factors is required. This critique further uncovers the social relations that frame the place of learning technology in bourgeois capitalist work and the development of the knowledge economy. This article argues that critical social theory, and the social and power relationships that it highlights, is central to the uncovering of this revelation. As a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Practices, Educational Technology, Cultural Influences, Social Theories,...
This paper outlines a neomarxist theoretical framework for interpreting the history of American higher education. It argues that one can best explain the development of American higher institutions as part of a theory of capitalist development, because higher institutions are generally dependent on external patronage and, therefore, on the capitalist class. Drawing on Aglietta's "theory of capitalist regulation," the paper suggests that the competitive, corporate, and state-capitalist...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Capitalism, Cultural Influences, Economic Factors, Educational Change, Educational...
A total of 78 books and journal articles examining the writing and teaching of history in China are annotated. While some of the cited works review the importance of history and historical analysis throughout Chinese history, the primary focus is on historiography in the People's Republic since the 1949 Revolution. Major emphasis is placed on the impact of Marxian and Maoist thought on historical research, analysis and writing. The specific influence of the Cultural Revolution is described. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Communism, Historiography, History Instruction, Marxian...
The German sociologist and communication theorist Jurgen Habermas' theory of communication as it applies to the problems of developing nations takes into account both the structural factors that hinder indigenous development as well as the individual psychology of the citizens of the less-developed countries (LDC). This paper details the application of that theory. Following the introduction which discusses various models that have attempted to both explain and predict the process of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Capitalism, Communication Research, Cultural Context, Developing Nations, Ethnology,...
While not attempting to unify the various theories in cultural studies, this paper proposes pointers or directions to further transformations of cultural studies. The paper identifies and analyzes the works of two theorists, who have largely been ignored in cultural studies, to suggest a resolution of the theoretical conflicts surrounding cultural studies by tracing inner connections. As a substitution for structuralism, the paper suggests the work of German philosopher Jurgen Habermas, whose...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication (Thought Transfer), Cross Cultural Studies, Language Role, Marxian...
The introductory essay in this volume argues for the importance of the original critical theory developed by the Frankfurt school (The Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt, Germany) in developing a critical foundation for a neo-Marxist theory of radical pedagogy. Accordingly, it begins by defining the aims of the Frankfurt school and then goes on to discuss its history and background. This is followed by an indepth analysis of the Frankfurt school's analysis of the heritage of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Context, Educational Philosophy, Educational Policy, Educational Sociology,...
This volume is part of a series of monographs from Australia devoted to outlining an alternative approach, based on neo-Marxist concepts, to educational administration. Beginning with a discussion of the contested relationship between the individual and the state, the politics of administration is set within the debate over liberalism, Marxism and critical theory, and the crisis of the modern state. The introductory paper in this volume is a digest of the current debate on public administration...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Principles, Bureaucracy, Capitalism, Democracy, Elementary Secondary...
This volume is part of a series of monographs from Australia devoted to outlining an alternative approach, based on neo-Marxist concepts, to educational administration. The introductory essay in the volume is an argument for the democratization of education by establishing a case for changing schools: by discussing industrial democracy as a democratic ideal, by providing examples of reform in educational administration, and by proposing some possible avenues for action. Accordingly, the first...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Decentralization, Democratic Values, Educational Change, Educational Innovation,...
Over the past few decades, social reproduction theorists have criticized achievement ideology as a dominant and dominating myth that hides the true nature of class immobility. Social reproductionists' primary criticism of achievement ideology is that it blinds the working class, regardless of race or gender, to the possibilities of collective social action against capitalism. Although Marxist scholars only include race as an outcome of or afterthought to capitalism, there have been attempts to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement, Adult Learning, Capitalism, Educational Mobility, Marxian Analysis,...
Information literacy instruction traditionally focuses on evaluating a source for bias, relevance, and timeliness, and rightfully so; this critical perspective is vital to a well-formed research process. However, this process is incomplete without a similar focus on the potential biases that the student brings to his or her interactions with information. This paper describes a case study of a semester-long information literacy course that utilized neo-Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser's...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ideology, Critical Thinking, Reflection, Information Literacy, Bias, Evaluation...
The syllabus outlines a college level international relations seminar with a neo-Marxist theoretical orientation. The objective of the seminar is to present an historical and comparative approach to a study of the evolution of the international political economy. Following an introduction explaining seminar objectives, grading, and course requirements, the syllabus is presented in 16 categories--one for each week of the course. Topics are course organization, overview of the modern world...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bias, Course Descriptions, Curriculum Guides, Diplomatic History, Economics...
Focusing on secondary education in China, primarily since the Communist victory in 1949, this annotated bibliography contains 24 items. The listed items include books, journal articles, newspaper stories, examples of secondary Chinese educational materials, and reports from western educators traveling in China. Emphasis is placed on educational policy changes during and after the Cultural Revolution. Annotations include author, title, and a brief descriptive annotation. (CFR)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Asian Studies, Comparative Education, Educational...
This volume is part of a series of monographs from Australia devoted to outlining an alternative approach, based on neo-Marxist concepts, to educational administration. The opening essay examines the historical development of liberalism as a key to understanding the relations between the state, civil society, and the economy, and the development of the mediating role of public bureaucracies. The essay is divided into three major parts. The first part describes the emergence of English...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bureaucracy, Democracy, Foreign Countries, Ideology, Individualism, Liberalism,...
This paper asks whether postmodernist thought is helpful or harmful to education. It critiques postmodernist theory in both a favorable and critical light and studies the phenomenon within the context of historical and contemporary socioeconomic, cultural, and political developments. The author argues that postmodernism is best understood in relation to its material base. The hypothesis is that postmodernism is best understood as the cultural skin (or superstructural manifestations) of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Capitalism, Critical Theory, Democratic Values, Educational Change, Educational...
This monograph presents a fictionalized case study of a real Catholic school in Australian society, Christian Brothers College (C.B.C.), which illustrates the manner in which "forces" for both continuity and change are negotiated at C.B.C. After a brief introduction, the volume opens with four thematic papers by separate authors, followed by an extensive ethnographic study of the C.B.C. situation. The four papers are as follows: (1) "Christian Brothers College: A View from...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Catholic Schools, Educational Anthropology, Elementary Secondary Education,...
This study sets out to examine fundamental aspects of citizenship education in Swedish schools, based on the theory that, in a democracy with a system of compulsory public education, curricula are the products of political compromise, accommodating the aims of several different groups. From this perspective, the school as an ideological state apparatus at once has a cohesive function, yet it allows scope for different interpretations of curriculum aims, and hence for change. The study is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Citizenship Education, Democratic Values, Educational Objectives, Educational...
This study will try to read the stories of Sabahattin Ali, who has written various books in Turkish, within the context of Marxist literary aesthetics, assess the types and characters in the stories of Sabahattin Ali within that framework, and observe the social levels and the gaps between them based on the relationships between the two extreme poles (the peasants and the intelligentsia), which constitute the main theme of the author's works. Many "socialist realist" authors/poets...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Authors, Fiction, Marxian Analysis, Rural Population, Intellectual...
What is deemed to be socially relevant knowledge as it comes from social educational theorists and inquirers is not a singular conception. The prevailing notion that only pluralistic and relativist, or positivist epistemological concepts of truth adequately capture social education inquiry and products, and that claims to human action based on "soft" or "fuzzy" qualitatively-driven bases are illicit, is clearly wrong headed. What is required is a new view of conceptual...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cognitive Structures, Epistemology, Liberalism, Marxian Analysis, Metacognition,...
Only by recognizing that class is not gender neutral can the processes of class formation and reproduction be understood. Class is defined as a process in which human beings take an active part, rather than a structure of categories into which individuals may be inserted. Gender organizes or structures class in many different ways. For example, capitalist class structures have always been divided by gender through the sexual division of labor in both paid and unpaid labor. Wages are also...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Capitalism, Employed Women, Equal Opportunities (Jobs), Females, Labor Force, Males,...
A conceptual and theoretical framework is needed for the literature on newswork and to do this the relationship between skill and control which has been raised as an issue in the Marxist theory of industrial organization needs to be examined. A theoretical reinterpretation might help to understand how the notion of skill on the individual, technical, and subjective levels is related to the broader issues, such as the control of the labor process and the reproduction of social relations. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Human Relations, Job Skills, Journalism, Labor, Labor Force Development, Marxian...
The common assumption that teacher evaluation has a positive impact on the improvement of teaching is challenged. Critical challenges to the assumed contribution of teacher evaluation to learning originate from at least three areas of scholarly work: (1) revisionist/Marxist literature, which describes educational structures including teacher evaluation as mechanisms for reproducing the social and economic class distinctions of society; (2) literature on educational organizations and teaching,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Creative Teaching, Marxian Analysis, Organizational Objectives, Teacher Behavior,...
This bibliography includes 26 items with brief annotations. The cited documents include books, journal articles, government reports, and newspaper articles. Emphasis is placed on the Japanese impact on Chinese education during the Japanese occupation of parts of China during the Sino-Japanese War and World War II. While most of the items are written in English, some are in Japanese and Chinese. All of the annotations are in English. (CFR)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Communism, Comparative Education, Educational Anthropology,...
The classical marketplace metaphor for intellectual exchange forms the ideological basis for the way argument is still taught in composition classrooms, where supposedly students are being prepared to participate as full citizens in an equal democracy. However, such a view of democratic citizenship, free speech, and argument is open to criticism for many reasons. Three chapters on argument from commonly used composition textbooks were analyzed for signs of this ideology. The textbooks described...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Course Content, Democracy, English Instruction, Freedom of Speech, Freshman...
This paper traces the roots of the new vocationalism to the educational reform movements of the 1980s, with philosophical underpinnings in the work of John Dewey in the early 20th century. It explores other influences, including Marxian critiques of capitalist uses of education and alternative views of education and work presented by followers of Paulo Freire, who saw revolutionary promise in literacy and education. The paper examines significant Deweyan, Marxist, and Freirean themes in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Education Work Relationship, Educational Change, Educational Philosophy, Ideology,...
This analysis assesses alternative explanations of the robust enrollment growth in community colleges in the 1970's, part of a larger trend of increased vocationalization of education. The conventional explanation is that community colleges offer the most appropriate training for rapidly increasing jobs requiring middle-level skills. Various other models attempting to account for the enrollment growth in two-year institutions are considered; common to several models are: the presumption of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Colleges, Demand Occupations, Employment Patterns, Enrollment Influences,...
