The 1981 Basic Skills Summer School Program in Montgomery County, Maryland public schools provided intensive remedial instruction in reading, writing, and mathematics to pupils who scored very low on national standardized achievement tests. An evaluation of the program's effects found that (1) over all, participating students in grades 4-8 scored significantly higher than nonparticipants in mathematics (especially in grades 7 and 8), but there was no discernible difference in their reading or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Gains, Attendance, Basic Skills, Elementary Education, Mathematics...
This report presents both formative and summative data regarding the implementation and effectiveness of the Basic Skills Program carried out in the Montgomery County, Maryland, public schools in 1981. The program provides intensive remedial instruction in the basic skills areas of reading, writing, and mathematics to elementary (through grade 8) students who scored very low on standardized achievement tests. The report begins by providing background information, briefly describing the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basic Skills, Elementary Education, Mathematics Skills, Parent Attitudes, Program...
This report provides evaluation findings of the 1981-82 Promotional Gates program, a program designed to bolster instruction and learning in order to enable New York City public school students in grades four and seven to meet city-wide performance standards required for promotion. Altogether, there are six chapters. The first chapter deals with how well the program has been implemented and the degree of academic progress of Gates students in reading and mathematics skills. Chapter two outlines...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Achievement Gains, Basic Skills, Case Studies, Elementary...
The Wisconsin Program for the Renewal and Improvement of Secondary Education (WRISE) was designed in order to enable staffs of local junior and senior high schools to improve student achievement in English, mathematics, and reading. Toward this purpose, a series of filmstrips, audiocassettes, a textbook, and various learning guides were developed for both school staffs and university students preparing for secondary school teaching or administration careers. This report outlines the purposes...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Gains, Educational Improvement, English Curriculum, High School Students,...
This effort is part of a project designed to identify mathematical requirements related to Navy electronics training. The relationship between mathematics ability and electronics performance in the Navy's Basic Electricity and Electronics (BE/E), Class "A," and Class "C" schools was examined to identify the mathematics skills required to complete Navy electronics training successfully and function adequately in electronics maintenance in the fleet. School performance...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Electronic Technicians, Job Performance, Mathematics...
The 1977 edition of the Florida Functional Literacy Test is a 117-item multiple-choice measure of 13 mathematics and 11 communication skills required for minimal acceptable performance for students to graduate from state high schools. A student must pass at least half of the skills in mathematics and communications and get 70 percent of the items for each skill correct. To investigate the test's construct validity, the literacy test performances between groups of adults at three education and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Communication Skills, Functional Literacy, Graduation Requirements, High...
This is the final report for a study whose original purpose was to develop a general theory of the situational constraints imposed by the routines of everyday life on arithmetic skills. Section 1 reviews the goals laid out in the proposal in relation to what was accomplished. Section 2 is the draft of "Everyday Cognition: Its Development in Social Context." It presents a theory of problem solving as interaction between setting and activity. Section 3 is the draft of another...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Arithmetic, Case Studies, Cognitive Processes, Computation, Educational...
This report on the Adult Math Skills Project includes sections on theory, empirical studies, and their implications. Section 1 presents an overview, noting that activity and setting are seen as mutually creating, sustaining, and changing the nature of problem solving. The empirical studies involved: (1) arithmetic practices among grocery shoppers; (2) the acquisition of arithmetic skills by new members of a dieting group; (3) the management of money-flow through households; and (4) an...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Arithmetic, Calculators, Case Studies, Cognitive Processes, Computation,...
To better understand the nature of problems in math learning, a case study was conducted of the specific strengths and weaknesses of a child with a severe math-learning disability. The subject, Adam, was nearly 11 years old when interviews began and had been officially classified as learning disabled due to organic brain dysfunction. A semistructured clinical interview method was employed in the study: tasks or problems, often followed by flexible questioning, were posed to the subject....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Individualized Instruction, Interviews, Learning Disabilities, Learning...
Developmental patterns and interrelationships of various informal skills, reading and writing of numerals, and a range of base ten/place value concepts/skills were examined in a study involving 78 primary school children from four schools who were individually examined in a standardized interview. A total of 23 tasks were administered and scalogram, individual protocol, and error analyses were performed. Results indicate that the children learned to read and write numerals in a step-like...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basic Skills, Cognitive Development, Elementary School Students, Kindergarten...
An interview protocol was devised to determine whether demands on working memory are reduced by the use of drawn or telegraphic formats. Students were chosen because some aspect of their group testing on presentation formats was provocative (e.g. high spatial score, but low reading comprehension score; high drawn score and low verbal score, etc.). Nineteen non-learning disabled (LD) students from grades 4-5 and 21 non-LD students from grades 6-8 were chosen. In addition, 11 LD students from...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cognitive Processes, Intermediate Grades, Interviews, Junior High Schools, Learning...
This military-developed text consists of self-instructional materials dealing with the basic tools and equipment used in metalworking shops. Covered in the individual lessons are the following topics: materials and processes; shop mathematics; blueprint reading and sketching; handtools, measuring instruments, and basic metalworking machines; vertical cutting bandsaws; shapers; milling machines; and lathes. Each lesson contains objectives, coded text, and exercises. Designed for immediate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavioral Objectives, Blueprints, Equipment Maintenance, Equipment Utilization, Hand...
This combination workbook and set of tests on plans and specifications is one in a series of nine individually bound units of instruction for roofing apprenticeship classes. The five topics covered are (1) regulations governing the roofing and waterproofing industry, (2) an overview of blueprints, (3) an overview of specifications, (4) mathematics, and (5) common measurement and calculation problems in roofing. For each topic these materials are provided: objectives, text, and a study...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Apprenticeships, Behavioral Objectives, Blueprints, Building Trades, Construction...
This combination workbook and testbook on mathematics is one in a series of 20 individually bound units of instruction for carpentry apprenticeship classes. Three diagnostic tests and suggestions for their administration are included to identify areas in which the apprentice may need work and study. The 12 topics covered are whole numbers; fractions; decimals; percents; conversion of units; compound numbers; decimal and fractional equivalents; perimeters, areas, and volumes; squares and square...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Apprenticeships, Building Trades, Carpentry, Decimal Fractions, Fractions, Learning...
This report evaluates a program designed to supplement the basic educational services, provided by New York City's Division of Special Education, for Hispanic handicapped students with limited English proficiency. In 1980-81, the program served 129 students in nine public schools (seven elementary and two intermediate) and one private school in the Bronx, New York. Services provided included direct individualized instruction, resource assistance, staff development, and parent training for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Gains, Bilingual Education Programs, Curriculum Development,...
The Bilingual-Bicultural Program at DeWitt Clinton High School, Bronx, New York, was designed to provide support services to students with problems in reading and writing skills, and in linguistic, academic, and classroom adjustment. The program offered instruction in English as a Second language (ESL), Spanish for native speakers, Spanish as a second language (SSL), and bicultural content area courses to 214 students in 1982. An evaluation of the program, based on students' achievement in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Gains, Bilingual Education Programs, English (Second Language), High...
The Oregon State Board of Education initiated the Oregon Statewide Assessment Program in 1973 as a means for gathering data on student performance in the basic skills areas. Tests were administered to 27,086 fourth, seventh and eleventh grade students in 405 schools selected at random in March of 1982. Test results were returned to participating schools in April, providing school staff with item-by-item and total-test results at the individual student, classroom and building levels, along with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Basic Skills, Educational Assessment, Educational Trends,...
The University of California at Berkeley has developed a Mathematics Workshop the purpose of which is to improve serious deficiencies in minority students' mathematics and study skills. Now in its second year, the workshop has five functions: (1) building a community of minority freshmen that is academically-oriented and a source of peer support; (2) providing minority students with an extensive orientation to the university and with ongoing academic advising; (3) advocating the interests of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, College Freshmen, College Mathematics, Counseling Services,...
A study examined the skill areas and skills that were generalizable within and across the secondary vocational training programs in the 32 area vocational centers in Illinois. During the project, researchers worked to develop, validate, and determine the reliability of a generalizable skills instrument and to identify which mathematics, communications, interpersonal relations, reasoning, and other skills were generalizable within and across all secondary agriculture; business, marketing, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basic Skills, Communication Skills, Interpersonal Competence, Job Skills, Mathematics...
Research recommendations concerning learning and development that are appropriate for research and development centers supported by the National Institute of Education (NIE) are offered to the director of NIE. Mission statements are presented on the following areas: literacy (reading, writing, and English skill development); learning and understanding mathematics and science; educational technology; the learning process; and home and community influences on learning. Each mission statement...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Assisted Instruction, Educational Research, Educational Technology, English...
Briefly presented are the rationale and procedures used to develop and validate an interactive videodisc program to assist in diagnosing difficulties in mathematics in grades 1-3. The mathematics assessment program is described as 408 criterion-referenced items divided into seven strands. Questions are administered until a student makes three consecutive errors; then the student is branched to the next section in a strand. At the teacher's option, the test can be administered in either English...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bilingual Students, Diagnostic Tests, Educational Diagnosis, Elementary Education,...
Theory-based prototype computer-video instructional modules were developed to serve as an instructional supplement for students experiencing difficulty in learning mathematics, with special consideration given to students underrepresented in mathematics (particularly women and minorities). Modules focused on concepts and operations for factors, prime numbers, and fractions. Task analysis and demand specification procedures were used to sequence instructional objectives within and across topics....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Affective Objectives, Computer Assisted Instruction, Computer...
Poor, minority, and low ability students suffer most from the general lack of sustained opportunity to study mathematics in American public schools. Studies indicate that preschool and kindergarten students show only minor social class or racial differences in mathematical thinking and that differences in mathematical performance among older students directly relate to the amount of math studied. A 1978 National Assessment of Educational Progress study of selected 9-, 13-, and 17-year-olds...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Ability, Black Students, Disadvantaged Youth, Economically Disadvantaged,...
The relationship between students' relative ability in visual-spatial tasks as well as their verbal and numerical skills to their performance in an introductory college chemistry course was investigated. For 700 subjects, verbal and mathematics Scholastic Aptitude Test scores (SAT-V) and (SAT-M) and the following four perceptual tests were assessed: a shortened version of the Purdue Visualization of Rotations Test (ROT), the Find-A-Shape-Puzzle (FASP), an embedded figures test (EMBF) that is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Academic Aptitude, Aptitude Tests, Chemistry, Females, Higher...
This unit, one of six which comprise the Fair Play program, teaches students to use data analysis skills to examine sex differences in career choices, mathematics attitudes, and treatment in the labor force. The Fair Play program is a series of student and teacher materials the purpose of which is to help students expand their female or male self-concepts, increase their decision-making skills, and improve their academic achievement by changing their stereotypic attitudes toward particular...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Careers, Data Analysis, Decision Making Skills, Instructional...
This unit, one of six which comprise the Fair Play program, teaches students to use data analysis skills to examine sex differences in career choices, mathematics attitudes, and treatment in the labor force. The Fair Play program is a series of student and teacher materials the purpose of which is to help students expand their female or male self-concepts, increase their decision-making skills, and improve their academic achievement by changing their stereotypic attitudes toward particular...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Careers, Data Analysis, Decision Making Skills, Group...
A study examined the views of principals, teachers, parents, and students pertaining to the role of vocational agriculture in developing and enhancing certain mathematical skills. During the study, researchers interviewed 36 secondary vocational agricultural teachers, 35 math teachers, 35 principals, 137 students, and 260 parents of students enrolled in 36 high school vocational agricultural programs throughout Iowa. All thirteen of the math concepts examined in the study were consistently...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Agricultural Education, Educational Needs, Fused Curriculum,...
The Student Assessment and Minimum Student Performance Standards Sections of the Florida Department of Education present the results of the April and October 1981 administrations of the State Student Assessment Test, Parts I (basic skills) and II (application of basic skills). Grades 3, 5, 8 and 11 were measured on minimal performance in the basic skills area of reading, writing, and mathematics. Across the tested grades, students did very well on many of the State Student Assessment Test, Part...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Basic Skills, Educational Assessment, Elementary Secondary...
This paper documents the achievement monitoring component of a three-year study on the acquisition of addition-subtraction problem-solving skills by young children. A set of performance objectives contained in or ancillary to ten instructional units on sentence-writing for verbal problems and algorithms specified test content. Tests measuring group progress toward these objectives were administered after each unit. Data for the tests given after the two units covered in the spring semester of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Tests, Addition, Concept Formation, Data Collection, Grade 2,...
Designed to help parents and staff members construct educational materials for elementary school students, the document presents over 60 learning activities representing a broad spectrum of skill areas and levels. Several construction tips are followed by a list of materials frequently used in constructing educational activities. Activity descriptions include information about the skill being reinforced, necessary materials, directions for using the activity, and sources of additional...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basic Skills, Display Aids, Educational Games, Elementary Education, Enrichment...
Studies were conducted to identify critical barriers which could impede the progress of Hispanic undergraduates enrolled in science and engineering programs. The underlying theme in most studies was the interplay of language in various problem-solving tasks. Studies examined: (1) predictors of academic achievement (as measured by grade point average); (2) ability of students to translate word problems into appropriate mathematical equations, with an emphasis on identifying errors caused by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Bilingual Students, College Science, Engineering Education,...
This program, which provides an introduction to study skills in mathematics for pre-algebra students through a series of 10 activity-oriented units, is structured on the assumption that activity-oriented lessons are the most effective way to teach study skills. By completing activities in the units, students learn about study skills needed for mathematics and practice those skills in a mathematics environment. The program addresses a wide range of student needs, providing an introduction to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Estimation (Mathematics), Junior High Schools, Listening Skills, Mathematics...
Presented are 10 activity-oriented units designed to provide an introduction to study skills in mathematics for pre-algebra students. Topic areas of the units include: listening as a study skill; problem solving; understanding the language of mathematics; learning from homework; using formulas; estimation; preparing for a test; and taking a mathematics test. By completing activities in the units, students learn about study skills needed for mathematics and practice those skills in a mathematics...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Estimation (Mathematics), Junior High Schools, Listening Skills, Mathematics...
The guide lists math objectives needed for independent living by secondary special education students. One of a series of Project CAST (Community and School Together) life skills manuals, the guide outlines basic competencies in terms of goal statements, behavioral objectives, and specialized vocabulary for the following areas: money, making change, paychecks, budgeting, banking services, savings accounts, checking accounts, loans and credit, comparative shopping, taxes, time, linear...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjustment (to Environment), Behavioral Objectives, Budgeting, Daily Living Skills,...
One of a series of documents produced by a nationwide network of early childhood education specialists, teachers, parents, and Head Start staff, the document contains a mathematics skills continuum to be used as a tool for individualizing instruction for students learning basic educational skills. A comprehensive set of learner objectives for each grade level, Head Start through sixth grade, has been correlated to the instructional objectives set by a Texas school district. The skills continuum...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basic Skills, Behavioral Objectives, Continuous Progress Plan, Course Objectives,...
This report presents the results of the fourth testing cycle of the Texas Assessment of Basic Skills (TABS), a statewide basic skills test for students in grades 3 and 5 and in high school (exit level) of the Austin Independent School District (AISD). The TABS measures basic performance objectives in mathematics, reading, and writing. The general findings of this report are: (1) from 1980 to 1983, the general trend has been upward, with the greatest improvement at grade 3; (2) although White...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basic Skills, Black Students, Elementary Secondary Education, Grade 3, Grade 5,...
A sample of slightly over 1,500 students from even-numbered grades in public schools of the U.S. Virgin Islands were given the 1973 edition of the Stanford Achievement Test (in grades 2, 4, 6, and 8) and the Test of Academic Skills (grades 10 and 12) in an attempt to assess student academic achievement in the basic skill areas of mathematics, reading, and English Language. This report describes the data analysis which involved a detailed item analysis of each item on each test given to the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Basic Skills, Difficulty Level, Elementary...
This experiment tested the hypothesis that the sequence of ability and effort attributional feedback influences children's attributions, self-efficacy, and skillful performance. Children deficient in subtraction skills received training on subtraction operations and solved problems over four sessions. During the problem solving, some children periodically received ability feedback whereas others were given effort feedback. Children in a third condition received ability feedback during the first...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Attribution Theory, Elementary School Students, Feedback, Grade...
This curriculum guide, one of 15 volumes written for field test use with educationally disadvantaged industrial education students needing additional instruction in the basic skill areas, deals with helping students develop basic mathematics skills while studying auto mechanics. Addressed in the individual units of the guide are the following topics: figuring the cost of gasoline, performing basic arithmetic operations, figuring gear ratios, checking and changing the float level on a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Arithmetic, Auto Mechanics, Behavioral Objectives, Check Lists, Educationally...
This curriculum guide, one of 15 volumes written for field test use with educationally disadvantaged industrial education students needing additional instruction in the basic skill areas, deals with helping students develop basic mathematics skills while studying woodworking. Addressed in the individual units of the guide are the following topics: using a ruler, calculating the greatest number of cuts from hardboard, calculating frame length in cabinetmaking, figuring board footage, figuring...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Arithmetic, Behavioral Objectives, Cabinetmaking, Check Lists, Decimal Fractions,...
This curriculum guide, one of 15 volumes written for field test use with educationally disadvantaged industrial education students needing additional instruction in the basic skill areas, deals with helping students develop basic mathematics skills while studying metalworking. Addressed in the individual units of the guide are the following topics: performing lattice multiplication, reading a ruler, marking lines for welding, choosing the correct size rivet, using fractions and decimals to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Arithmetic, Behavioral Objectives, Check Lists, Decimal Fractions, Educationally...
This curriculum guide, one of 15 volumes written for field test use with educationally disadvantaged industrial education students needing additional instruction in the basic skill areas, deals with helping students develop basic mathematics skills while studying electronics. Addressed in the individual units of the guide are the following topics: reading a ruler, measuring and monitoring energy consumption, using the correct meter scale, finding voltage drops in a series circuit, converting...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Arithmetic, Behavioral Objectives, Check Lists, Educationally Disadvantaged, Electric...
The 1980-1981 Graduate Record Examination General Test verbal and quantitative ability scores were examined for four age groups of test takers (those age 22 or less, 23-29, 30-39, and 40 or more), and two groups returning to graduate study many years after completing the bachelors degree. The late returners were those 9-15 years beyond the baccalaureate, and those 16 or more years beyond the degree. Average verbal scores were about the same for all test takers regardless of age group or recency...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Age Groups, Aptitude Tests, College Entrance Examinations, Comparative Analysis,...
In 1982-83, the 18 school districts and 1 tribe receiving Johnson O'Malley funds for American Indian education in Washington attempted to increase reading and mathematics proficiency, improve Native American high school graduation rates, and promote cultural awareness activities in schools with high Native American enrollments. By limiting their objectives and using parent volunteers, the programs kept their commitment to improving educational opportunities for Native American children and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indian Education, Attendance Patterns, Cultural Awareness, Dropouts,...
This report presents results of several extensive empirical studies. Prior to these studies it was believed that errors in procedural skills such as multi-digit subtraction could be accurately modelled with two mechanisms: bugs ("competence" phenomena reflecting mistaken beliefs about subtraction which are stable over time) and slips ("performance" phenomena loosely related to subtraction which are unstable over time). A computational descriptive framework, the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Software, Diagnostic Tests, Elementary Education, Elementary School...
One of a series of documents produced by a nationwide network of early childhood education specialists, teachers, parents, and Head Start staff, the guide describes developmental characteristics of preschool and elementary school students by grade level. Arranged into five curriculum areas, the first presents physical, motor, social, cognitive, and emotional characteristics for each grade level. The second curriculum area, science, outlines a science skill continuum and presents metric and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basic Skills, Child Development, Cognitive Development, Curriculum Development,...
This curriculum guide is designed to assist vocational educators in presenting an articulated, performance-based course in electricity and industrial electricity. Addressed in the individual units of the course (included in 11 modules) are the following topics: safety, leadership, communication skills, career preparation, good work habits and attitudes, basic math skills, basic measurement, blueprint reading, fundamentals of electricity, electrical tools and equipment, electrical measurement...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Articulation (Education), Behavioral Objectives, Blueprints, Communication Skills,...
This curriculum guide is designed to assist vocational educators in presenting an articulated, performance-based course in auto body repair. Addressed in the individual units of the course (included in 14 modules) are the following topics: safety; leadership and job communication; career preparation; shielded metal arc welding; gas metal arc welding; metalworking; body fillers; painting and refinishing; interior and exterior trim, accessories, and hardware; panel disassembly and assembly; glass...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Articulation (Education), Auto Body Repairers, Behavioral Objectives, Communication...
This curriculum guide is designed to assist vocational educators in presenting an articulated, performance-based course in masonry and bricklaying. Addressed in the individual units of the course are the following topics: safety, leadership, job communications, career preparation, desirable learning and work habits and attitudes, basic math skills, basic measurement, masonry tools and equipment, blueprints, mortar, bricklaying, blocklaying, pointing, jointing, site preparation, foundations and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Articulation (Education), Behavioral Objectives, Blueprints, Bricklaying, Chimneys,...
A literature survey of more than 800 sources, 80 of which were judged to be relevant, assessed the problems Native Alaskans and American Indians experience in learning elementary and junior high school mathematics, and focused on problems amenable to solution through computer presentation of mathematics materials. Empirical evidence indicated that American Indians are 1.7 years behind the national norm in grade 6 mathematics achievement and 3 years behind the norm at grade 12 and the proportion...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alaska Natives, American Indian Education, American Indians, Computer Assisted...
