Topic: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Vehicles re-entering Earth's atmosphere require protection from the heat of atmospheric friction. The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) has more demanding thermal protection system (TPS) requirements than the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) missions, especially in regions where the structural load passes through. The use of 2-dimensional laminate materials along with a metal insert, used in EFT1 flight test for the compression pad region, are deemed adequate but cannot be extended for Lunar return...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE, LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS, SPACECRAFT...
The Nano Entry System for CubeSat-Class Payloads led to the development of the Nano-Adaptable Deployable Entry and Placement Technology ("Nano-ADEPT"). Nano-ADEPT is a mechanically deployed entry, descent, and landing (EDL) system that stows during launch and cruise (like an umbrella) and serves as both heat shield and primary structure during EDL. It is especially designed for small spacecraft where volume is a limiting constraint.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HEAT SHIELDING, SMALL SCIENTIFIC SATELLITES, LANDING AIDS,...
These are short (2-page) high-level summaries of technologies that have been infused - i.e., taken the next level. For example, 3DMAT started off as a Center Innovation Fund (CIF) project and graduated to the Game-changing Program (GCD), where it is being prepared for use in Orion. The Nano Entry System similarly started as CIF and graduated to GCD. The High Tortuosity Carbon Dioxide Conversion Device also started off as CIF and then received an award for further development from the NASA...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS, CARBON DIOXIDE, THERMAL PROTECTION,...
This Land Use Control Implementation Plan (LUCIP) has been prepared to inform current and potential future users of Building M7-505 of institutional controls that have been implemented at the site. Although there are no current unacceptable risks to human health or the environment associated with Building M7-505, institutional land use controls (LUCs) are necessary to prohibit the use of groundwater from the site. LUCs are also necessary to prevent access to soil under electrical equipment in...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LAND USE, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT,...
The Statement of Basis (SB) has been developed to inform and give the public an opportunity to comment on a proposed remedy to address contamination at the Building M7-505 Treatment Tank (M7-505) site.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CONTAMINATION, INDUSTRIAL AREAS, COST EFFECTIVENESS, NASA...
Experimental techniques to measure rotorcraft aerodynamic performance are widely used. However, most of them are either unable to capture interference effects from bodies, or require an extremely large computational budget. The objective of the present research is to develop an XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft rotor model for investigation of wind tunnel wall interference using a novel Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver for rotorcraft, RotCFD. In RotCFD, a mid-fidelity URANS solver is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TILT ROTOR AIRCRAFT, WIND TUNNEL TESTS, COMPUTATIONAL FLUID...
Article contribution towards Edge.org's annual question. This one will be about a new type of artificial intelligence.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, BAYES THEOREM, PROBABILITY THEORY,...
A window system for a platform comprising a window pane, a retention frame, and a biasing system. The window pane may be configured to contact a sealing system. The retention frame may be configured to contact the sealing system and hold the window pane against the support frame. The biasing system may be configured to bias the retention frame toward the support frame while the support frame and the retention frame are in a configuration that holds the window pane. Removal of the biasing system...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), WINDOWS (APERTURES), FRAMES, SEALING, OPTICAL MATERIALS,...
This fall, I was fortunate enough to have been able to participate in an internship at NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. I was placed into the Human Health & Performance Directorate, where I was specifically tasked to work with Dr. Zarana Patel, researching the impacts of cosmic level radiation on human cells. Using different laboratory techniques, we were able to examine the cells to see if any damage had been done due to radiation exposure, and if so, how much damage was done. Cell...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), RADIATION DOSAGE, CELLS (BIOLOGY), EXTRATERRESTRIAL...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SOLAR ATMOSPHERE, SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD, MAGNETIC FIELD...
The project called High-Speed On-Board Data Processing for Science Instruments (HOPS) has been funded by NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) program during April, 2012 â€" April, 2015. HOPS is an enabler for science missions with extremely high data processing rates. In this three-year effort of HOPS, Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) and 3-D Winds were of interest in particular. As for...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HIGH SPEED, ONBOARD DATA PROCESSING, REAL TIME OPERATION,...
The lidar on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission, makes robust measurements of dust and has generated a length of record that is significant both seasonally and inter-annually. We exploit this record to determine a multi-year climatology of the properties of Asian and Saharan dust, in particular seasonal optical depths, layer frequencies, and layer heights of dust gridded in accordance with the Level 3 data products protocol, between...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CALIPSO (PATHFINDER SATELLITE), OPTICAL RADAR, ASIA, SAHARA...
Scientists play an integral role in the development of climate literacy skills - for both teachers and students alike. By partnering with local scientists, teachers can gain valuable insights into the science practices highlighted by the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), as well as a deeper understanding of cutting-edge scientific discoveries and local impacts of climate change. For students, connecting to local scientists can provide a relevant connection to climate science and STEM...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, STUDENTS, INSTRUCTORS, SCIENTISTS,...
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is well known for its importance as an atmospheric greenhouse gas, with many sources and sinks around the globe. Understanding the fluxes of carbon into and out of the atmosphere is a complex and daunting challenge. One tool applied by scientists to measure the vertical flux of CO2 near the surface uses the eddy covariance technique, most often from towers but also from aircraft flying specific patterns over the study area. In this technique, variations of constituents of...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FLIGHT TESTS, AIRBORNE LASERS, ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY,...
Clouds cover roughly two thirds of the globe and act as an important regulator of Earth's radiation budget. Of these, multilayered clouds occur about half of the time and are predominantly two-layered. Changes in cloud top height (CTH) have been predicted by models to have a globally averaged positive feedback, however observational changes in CTH have shown uncertain results. Additional CTH observations are necessary to better and quantify the effect. Improved CTH observations will also allow...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLOUD HEIGHT INDICATORS, OPTICAL RADAR, REMOTE SENSING,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SCINTILLATION, EARTH ATMOSPHERE, EARTH IONOSPHERE, EARTH...
Recent numerical result (arXiv:1512.02206) from Google suggested that the D-Wave quantum annealer may have an asymptotic speed-up than simulated annealing, however, the asymptotic advantage disappears when it is compared to quantum Monte Carlo (a classical algorithm despite its name). We show analytically that the asymptotic scaling of quantum tunneling is exactly the same as the escape rate in quantum Monte Carlo for a class of problems. Thus, the Google result might be explained in our...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), INSTANTONS, QUANTUM THEORY, ANNEALING, THERMAL ANALYSIS,...
On Earth, the deep biosphere remains a largely unexplored, but clearly important carbon reservoir. Results from some uplifted central peaks in craters on Mars indicate that substantial carbon was also present at depth and might have helped sustain a deep biosphere. In fact, many factors relevant to deep biosphere habitability are more favorable on Mars than on Earth (e.g. porosity of the crust, geothermal gradient). Future exploration of Mars should include landing sites where materials have...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MARS SURFACE, GROUND WATER, CLAYS, CARBONATES, MARS (PLANET),...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PROGNOSIS, BONES, MUSCLES, RISK, HEALTH, PILOTLESS AIRCRAFT,...
The CMIP5 configurations of the GISS Model-E2 GCM simulated a mid- and high latitude ice IWP that decreased by 50 relative to that simulated for CMIP3 (Jiang et al. 2012; JGR). Tropical IWP increased by 15 in CMIP5. While the tropical IWP was still within the published upper-bounds of IWP uncertainty derived using NASA A-Train satellite observations, it was found that the upper troposphere (200 mb) ice water content (IWC) exceeded the published upper-bound by a factor of 2. This was largely...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ICE, CLOUD PHYSICS, SATELLITE OBSERVATION, TROPICAL REGIONS,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EARTHQUAKES, DISASTERS, SITUATIONAL AWARENESS, COORDINATION,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SNOW, RAIN, ICE FORMATION, MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS, ARCTIC...
In order to understand how the climate responds to variations in forcing, one necessary component is to understand the full distribution of variability of exchanges of heat and moisture between the atmosphere and ocean. Surface heat and moisture fluxes are critical to the generation and decay of many coupled air-sea phenomena. These mechanisms operate across a number of scales and contain contributions from interactions between the anomalous (i.e. non-mean), often extreme-valued, flux...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIR WATER INTERACTIONS, OCEAN MODELS, TURBULENT HEAT...
Planning for the curation of samples from future sample return missions must begin during the initial planning stages of a mission. Waiting until the samples have been returned to Earth, or even when you begin to physically build the spacecraft is too late. A lack of proper planning could lead to irreversible contamination of the samples, which in turn would compromise the scientific integrity of the mission. For example, even though the Apollo missions first returned samples in 1969, planning...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MARS SAMPLE RETURN MISSIONS, PRESERVING, LUNAR RECEIVING...
An overview of recent improvements in the understanding and maturity of linear mode photon counting with HgCdTe electron-initiated avalanche photodiodes is presented. The first HgCdTe LMPC 2x8 format array fabricated in 2011 with 64 micron pitch was a remarkable success in terms of demonstrating a high single photon signal to noise ratio of 13.7 with an excess noise factor of 1.3-1.4, a 7 ns minimum time between events, and a broad spectral response extending from 0.4 micron to 4.2 micron. The...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDES, ELECTRON AVALANCHE, SIGNAL TO...
AgMIP (www.agmip.org) is an international community of climate, crop, livestock, economics, and IT experts working to further the development and application of multi-model, multi-scale, multi-disciplinary agricultural models that can inform policy and decision makers around the world. This meeting will engage the AGU community by providing a brief overview of AgMIP, in particular its new plans for a Coordinated Global and Regional Assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture and food...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AGRICULTURE, CLIMATE CHANGE, FARM CROPS, LIVESTOCK, CLIMATE,...
As temperatures increase, the onset and severity of droughts is likely to become more intense. Improved tools for understanding, monitoring and predicting droughts will be a key component of 21st century climate adaption. The best drought monitoring systems will bring together accurate precipitation estimates with skillful climate and weather forecasts. Such systems combine the predictive power inherent in the current land surface state with the predictive power inherent in low frequency...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DROUGHT, WEATHER FORECASTING, CLIMATE, EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLIMATOLOGY, DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, DROUGHT, FORECASTING,...
We present results from a statistical study of He II 304 Angstrom EUV spicules and macrospicules at the limb of the Sun. We use high-cadence (12 sec) and high-resolution (0.6 arcsec pixels) resolution data from the Atmospheric Imaging Array (AIA) instrument on the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). All of the observed events occurred in quiet or coronal hole regions near the solar pole. Spicules and macrospicules are typically transient jet-like chromospheric-material features, the macrospicules...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, CORONAL HOLES, CHROMOSPHERE,...
Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention implement layers of metallic glass-based materials. In one embodiment, a method of fabricating a layer of metallic glass includes: applying a coating layer of liquid phase metallic glass to an object, the coating layer being applied in a sufficient quantity such that the surface tension of the liquid phase metallic glass causes the coating layer to have a smooth surface; where the metallic glass has a critical cooling rate less...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METALLIC GLASSES, LIQUID PHASES, GLASS COATINGS, COOLING,...
Simulation of volcanic emissions in climate models requires information that describes the eruption of the emissions into the atmosphere. While the total amount of gases and aerosols released from a volcanic eruption can be readily estimated from satellite observations, information about the source parameters, like injection altitude, eruption time and duration, is often not directly known. The AeroCOM volcanic emissions inventory provides estimates of eruption source parameters and has been...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), VOLCANOES, EMISSION, SULFUR DIOXIDES, CLOUDS (METEOROLOGY),...
Many of the storms that generate damaging floods are caused by locally intense, sub-daily precipitation, yet the spatial and temporal resolution of the most widely available climate model outputs are both too coarse to simulate these events. Thus there is often a disconnect between the nature of the events that cause damaging floods and the models used to project how climate change might influence their magnitude. This could be a particular problem when developing scenarios to inform future...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CLIMATE MODELS, HINDCASTING, FLOODS, STORMS, CLIMATE CHANGE,...
Utilizing a tunable two-micron double-pulse laser transmitter, an airborne IPDA lidar system has been developed at NASA Langley Research Center for atmospheric carbon dioxide column measurements.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION,...
The NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) is a virtual institute focused on research at the intersection of science and exploration, training the next generation of lunar scientists, and development and support of the international community. As part of its mission, SSERVI acts as a hub for opportunities that engage the larger scientific and exploration communities in order to form new interdisciplinary, research-focused collaborations. The nine domestic SSERVI teams...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), NASA PROGRAMS, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, LUNAR EXPLORATION, NEAR...
This poster will present the process of integrating thematic web portal capabilities into the NASA Earth data web infrastructure, with examples from the Sea Level Change Portal. The Sea Level Change Portal will be a source of current NASA research, data and information regarding sea level change. The portal will provide sea level change information through articles, graphics, videos and animations, an interactive tool to view and access sea level change data and a dashboard showing sea level...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EARTH RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM, SATELLITE OBSERVATION,...
In this work, we extended PCRTM to including the contribution from solar radiation, including the nonlocal thermal equilibrium (NLTE) effect.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, GAS COMPOSITION, TRACE ELEMENTS,...
The criteria for a habitable world initially was based on Earth and centered around liquid water on the surface, warmed by a Sun-like star. The moons of the outer Solar System, principally Europa and Enceladus, have demonstrated that liquid water can exist below the surface warmed by tidal forces from a giant planet. Titan demonstrates that surface liquids other than water - liquid methane/ethane - may be common on other worlds. Considering the numerous extrasolar planets so far discovered and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HABITABILITY, EXTRASOLAR PLANETS, EXPLORATION, WATER,...
NASAs Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) contains a rich set of datasets and related services throughout its many elements. As a result, locating all the EOSDIS data and related resources relevant to particular science theme can be daunting. This is largely because EOSDIS data's organizing principle is affected more by the way they are produced than around the expected end use. Virtual collections oriented around science themes can overcome this by presenting...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (EOS), EOS DATA AND INFORMATION...
Despite their importance and ubiquity in the atmosphere, organic aerosols are still very poorly parameterized in global models. This can be explained by two reasons: first, a very large number of unconstrained parameters are involved in accurate parameterizations, and second, a detailed description of semi-volatile organics is computationally very expensive. Even organic aerosol properties that are known to play a major role in the atmosphere, namely volatility and aging, are poorly resolved in...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, AEROSOLS, CLIMATE, PARAMETERIZATION,...
Earth Observing 1 (E0-1) satellite has an imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) instrument called Hyperion. The satellite is able to image any spot on Earth in the nadir looking direction every 16 days. With slewing of the satellite and allowing for up to a 23 degree view angle, any spot on the Earth can be imaged approximately every 2 to 3 days. EO-1 has been used to track many natural hazards such as wildfires, volcanoes and floods. An enhanced capability that is sought is the ability to image...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), IMAGING SPECTROMETERS, SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS, HAZARDS,...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT, LIGHTNING, SYNCHRONOUS PLATFORMS,...
Methane (CH4) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG). Its 100-year global warming potential (GWP) is 34 times larger than that for carbon dioxide. The 100-year integrated GWPof CH4 is sensitive to changes in hydroxyl radical (OH) levels.Oxidation of CH4 and carbon monoxide (CO) by OH is the main loss process, thus affecting the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and contributing to the global ozone background. Limitations of using archived, monthly OH fields for...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METHANE, CARBON MONOXIDE, HYDROXYL RADICALS, VARIABILITY,...
Cold pools are increasingly being recognized as important players in the evolution of both shallow and deep convection; hence, the incorporation of cold pool processes into a number of recently developed convective parameterizations. Unfortunately, observations serving to inform cold pool parameterization development are limited to select field programs and limited radar domains. However, a number of recent studies have noted that cold pools are often associated with arcs-lines of shallow...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CONVECTION, MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, CLIMATOLOGY, THERMODYNAMICS,...
NASA announced the research opportunity Earth Venture Suborbital -2 (EVS-2) mission in support of the NASA's science strategic goals and objectives in 2013. Penn State University, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), and other academic institutions, government agencies, and industrial companies together formulated and proposed the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport -America (ACT -America) suborbital mission, which was subsequently selected for implementation. The airborne measurements that are...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), NORTH AMERICA, CARBON CYCLE, AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT, REMOTE...
The Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) at NASA Langley Research Center is responsible for the ingest, archive, and distribution of NASA Earth Science data in the areas of radiation budget, clouds, aerosols, and tropospheric chemistry. The ASDC specializes in atmospheric data that is important to understanding the causes and processes of global climate change and the consequences of human activities on the climate. The ASDC currently supports more than 44 projects and has over 1,700 archived...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EARTH ATMOSPHERE, CLIMATE CHANGE, MAN ENVIRONMENT...
The Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) at NASA Langley Research Center is responsible for the ingest, archive, and distribution of NASA Earth Science data in the areas of radiation budget, clouds, aerosols, and tropospheric chemistry. The ASDC specializes in atmospheric data that is important to understanding the causes and processes of global climate change and the consequences of human activities on the climate. The ASDC currently supports more than 44 projects and has over 1,700 archived...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TROPOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC...
Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA), which involves heating a sample and monitoring the gases released, has been performed on Mars by the Viking gas chromatography/mass spectrometry instruments, the Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) on the Phoenix lander, and the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory. All of these instruments detected CO2 released during sample analysis at abundances of approx. 0.1 to 5 wt% assuming a carbonate source. The source of the CO2 can be...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MINERALS, CALCITE, GAS ANALYSIS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, MASS...
No abstract available
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), THERMOSPHERE, GEOMAGNETISM, CARBON DIOXIDE, SOLAR ACTIVITY...
Precipitation is a vital aspect of our lives droughts, floods and other related disasters that involve precipitation can cause costly damage in the economic system and general society. Purpose of this project is to determine what, if any effect do hurricanes have on annual precipitation in Maryland Research will be conducted on Marylands terrain, climatology, annual precipitation, and precipitation contributed from hurricanes Possible connections to climate change
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HURRICANES, PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY), MARYLAND, CLIMATE...
