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Sep 8, 2016
09/16
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Abdel Salam A. El-Koumy
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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the holistic approach, as compared to the segregated-skill approach, on the quantity and quality of EFL students' academic writing. The subjects for the study were 64 graduates enrolled in the Special Diploma in Education at the School of Education in Suez during the second semester of the 2001/2002 academic year. These subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups: an experimental group and a control group. At the beginning...
Topics: Holistic Approach, Writing skills, Educational Theories, Pretests Posttests, Teaching Methods
The characteristics of missing data in statistical analysis are outlined, and techniques to deal with missing data are explored using a real data set that contained pretest and posttest measures of kindergarten children. In the first part of the investigation, randomly created missing values for 5%, 10%, 20%, and 25% of the sample were supplied for a sample that originally had no missing values. Four missing data techniques (listwise deletion, mean substitution, adjustment-cell mean imputation,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Evaluation Methods, Kindergarten Children, Pretests Posttests,...
This workbook presents three evaluation exercises that can be used by workshop directors to plan, implement, and evaluate workshops. The first exercise is deemed most helpful when the workshop objectives are only half-formed. Exercise 2, for cases in which workshop participants have been identified, helps the workshop director ensure that the objectives and needs analysis are relevant. Exercise 3 is designed to help pinpoint learner benefits--where learner refers to students taught by teachers...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Evaluation Methods, Inservice Teacher Education, Pretests Posttests, Self Evaluation,...
This book of posttests is designed to accompany the Engine Tune-Up Service Student Guide for Unit 3, Primary Circuit, available separately as CE 031 211. Focus of the posttests is setting the primary ignition circuit. One multiple choice posttest is provided, covering the eight performance objectives contained in the unit. (No answer key is provided.) (YLB)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Auto Mechanics, Electric Batteries, Electric Circuits, Engines, Pretests Posttests,...
This summary reports in statistical form the accuracy and use of the tests of the Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) project in all schools in which it has been implemented. Tests examined include the placement tests, unit pretests, prescriptions, curriculum-embedded tests, and posttests. (SP)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Diagnostic Teaching, Diagnostic Tests, Individualized Instruction, National Surveys,...
Analysis strategies are discussed for the nonequivalent control group design when three models of continuous natural growth are known. For Model I type natural growth it was shown that the fan spread hypothesis always holds, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of Residualized Gain Scores, and ANOVA of Standardized Change Scores all are potentially correct analysis strategies. For Model II and Model III type natural growth it was shown that the fan spread hypothesis...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Analysis of Covariance, Analysis of Variance, Mathematical Models, Pretests...
Developed during a 1968 summer institute for assisting educators of Evanston, Illinois school District 65 to develop some common understandings about crucial integration issues, this set of instructional materials on "Power to Black Power" forms one of a series of teacher "Unipacs." The specific purpose of this Unipac is to help students understand the concept of power and power structures, and, thus, Black power, ultimately. For full abstract for the teacher Unipac series,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Black Power, Instructional Materials, Pretesting, Pretests...
This report concerns the effects of prequestion and postquestion formats in prose learning in computer-assisted instruction. Five experimental groups studied a set of eight passages under different prequestion-postquestion combinations. Twenty-five subjects, volunteers with high school degrees, were randomly assigned to each group. A final retention test had 32 items classified along two dimensions: one dependant on whether the inserted text questions prompted attention to the item, and the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Assisted Instruction, Learning Processes, Pretesting, Pretests Posttests,...
Computer assisted test construction (CATC) is a new testing technique that seems to provide ease and flexibility for faculty members and students. The purpose of this paper was to verify that student test scores are not adversely affected by implementation of CATC. Two sections of a basic course in cataloging were tested for one semester. One section of 30 students was used as a control group while the other 20 students served as the experimental group. The students were pre-tested and then...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Assisted Instruction, Item Banks, Library Education, Pretesting, Pretests...
Exploring the relationship between strategy training and the child's apparent knowledge, this study assessed (1) whether the effects of rehearsal training without added metamnemonic feedback would be evident one week after training, and (2) the effects of specific training upon more general metamnemonic awareness. Initially 40 children 6 years of age participated in the study. Each subject was administered a serial recall task and was measured on overt rehearsal and success in the recall task....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Metacognition, Mnemonics, Pretests Posttests, Recall (Psychology),...
The Elementary Secondary Education Act Title IV-C Bilingual Project instituted in the Detroit (Michigan) Public Schools consisted of two bilingual learning centers at a target school which served 114 students in grades one through five during the 1978-1979 school year. Materials and assistance were also offered to a parochial school. A total of six product objectives related to student outcomes and two process objectives related to instructional variables were identified as the goals of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Bilingual Education, Elementary Education, Pretests Posttests,...
This collection of workshop materials demonstrates how to develop learning modules through examples, illustrations, explanations, case studies, comparisons diagnosis, and prognosis. For the projected workshop, a module is defined as a modularized learning activity package composed of objectives, pretest, learning environments, and posttest. The author states that the term "modularized" stresses the relationship to school philosophy, end product, level objectives, and curriculum. It is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Instructional Materials, Learning, Learning Activities, Learning Modules, Objectives,...
The study was undertaken to develop a practical method of adjusting changes (between pretest and posttest) in self-report scores of self-concept for concurrent changes in defensiveness. Data were drawn from a population of teachers and paraprofessionals in training, or independent subscales of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Changes prior to adjustment were not statistically significant on either the self-concept or the defensiveness scale. However, when changes for each subject on the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Measurement Techniques, Pretesting, Pretests Posttests, Self Concept, Self...
At many postsecondary institutions, there are two levels of first-year courses: a "standard" course in which most students enroll; and a "remedial" course for academically underprepared students. This paper is concerned with determining whether taking a remedial course increases the cognitive skills that students need to succeed in a standard course. The paper describes some effectiveness indicators based on data from posttesting students (i.e., testing them after they have...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Gains, College Students, Higher Education, Pretests Posttests, Remedial...
The study of linear functions is important as it provides students with their first experience of identifying and interpreting the relationship between two dependent variables. This paper, which builds on previous research, reports a study undertaken with 64 year 9 students from two Australian schools. Linear functions were introduced to these students through a graphics calculator supported, functional approach to modelling contextual problems. The teaching was generally successful. Scrutiny...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Expectation, Foreign Countries, Graphing Calculators, Mathematics Instruction,...
This guidebook is one in the Target Topic Series developed to highlight issues and concerns related to effective community education operation. It is intended for the community educator and community education advisory council member who wish to gain a better understanding of advisory councils. The material provides a framework for advisory councils in community education. A pretest covers material discussed in the guidebook. The guidebook explores the background and reasons for councils; looks...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Advisory Committees, Community Education, Organization, Pretests...
Researchers have long been aware that "pretest sensitization" is a potential threat to the external validity of experimental studies. Only recently, however, has it been suggested that "posttest sensitization" might also limit the generalizability of results. This latter phenomenon would exist to the extent that the effects of a treatment are latent and appear only when a posttest is administered. Under this condition, the treatment would work differently for subjects in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Experiments, Pretests Posttests, Quasiexperimental Design, Research...
This study compares the effectiveness of three methods of teaching object names to young children. These methods were (1) informal play, in which an adult named and described those objects with which a child played; (2) picture reading, in which an adult named and described objects depicted in photographs; and (3) a combination of the first and second methods. A fourth condition (control) was included to compare the amount of spontaneous learning which occurred. Fifteen children (mean age 20...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Infants, Pictorial Stimuli, Play, Preschool Education, Pretests Posttests, Teaching...
A classroom test is a work sample of all the behaviors the student must master in a given curriculum or part of the curriculum. Student performance on this sample enables the teacher to generalize concerning progress and mastery in the portion from which the sample is drawn. Each behavior to be mastered demands a suitable test or test items specially designed to measure the behavior. The role of achievement testing constitutes the matter of this second in a series of five volumes designed to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Tests, Behavioral Objectives, Individualized Instruction, Knowledge...
This book of posttests is designed to accompany the Engine Tune-Up Service Student Guide for Unit 6, Emission Control Systems, available separately as CE 031 220. Focus of the posttests is inspecting, testing, and servicing emission control systems. One multiple choice posttest is provided that covers the seven performance objectives contained in the unit. (No answer keys are provided.) (YLB)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Auto Mechanics, Engines, Postsecondary Education, Pretests Posttests, Secondary...
This study aims to determine the effect of a listening education course on the listening behaviors of prospective Turkish teachers. The participants of the study are 45 prospective teachers who are studying at a state university in Istanbul and taking a listening education course. The study is an experimental study in the model of "one group pre-test-post-test." The "Listening Skills Scale" course developed by Cihangir Cankaya (2012) was applied to the prospective teachers...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Preservice Teachers, Listening, Education Courses, Pretests...
Part of the Syracuse (New York) city school district's guided occupational orientation program, the student workbook consists of information and question sheets suitable for grade 6 career education studies on topics in the labor field, including labor laws, wages, and unions; job applications and interviews; on-the-job training; and social security. (MF)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Development, Career Education, Employment, Employment Interviews, Grade 6, Job...
This report describes a pilot study conducted to evaluate the instructional effectiveness of the Steck-Vaughn Phonics Program: Level A-Units 3 and 4 and Level B-Units 2 and 3. The Educational Research Institute of America (ERIA) identified volunteer teachers to participate, designed the assessments, and analyzed the collected data. Because the focus was on the program's primary levels, it was limited to Grades 1 and 2; Level A-Units 3 and 4 were used in first grade, while Level B-Units 2 and 3...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Instructional Effectiveness, Phonics, Pilot Projects, Pretests Posttests, Primary...
The usual assessment of speededness for rights-only scored tests does not account for the possibility that examinees respond in a random or patterned fashion to the items at the end of the test as the time limit approaches. This study represented an attempt to determine if Sections 2 and 3 of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) are truly speeded according to established criteria. Two exploratory techniques employing regression analyses were used in an attempt to account for the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Pretests Posttests, Regression...
A babysitting exchange program was created for a group of women in order to build a social support network and to provide a test of the buffer hypothesis (i.e., the idea that social support may shield an individual from the negative physical and mental consequences of stress, particularly when stress is at high levels). The sample consisted of 30 inner-city women with children younger than 12 years of age. Prior to the first general co-op meeting, mothers were interviewed and pretests were...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Caregivers, Cooperation, Intervention, Mothers, One Parent Family, Pretests...
The obejectives of this research are to know the improvement of the students' achievement in poetry mastery and their perception regarding to the semiotic method in teaching and learning poetry in English Education Department, Languages and Art Faculty of State University of Medan. The research method used is the Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of the research are the fifth semester of 37 students of 2013/2014 academic year. The data are collected by test in order to know the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Poetry, Semiotics, Foreign Countries, Student Attitudes,...
This book of posttests is designed to accompany the Engine Tune-Up Service Student Guide for Unit 4, Secondary Circuit, available separately as CE 031 214. Focus of the posttests is testing and servicing the secondary ignition circuit. One multiple choice posttest is provided that covers the seven performance objectives contained in the unit. (No answer key is provided.) (YLB)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Auto Mechanics, Electric Batteries, Electric Circuits, Engines, Postsecondary...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of pretesting results on the future learning behavior of graduate students of a university. The teaching technique used was pretesting to assess student entry behavior. Considered in the study was the effect on student behavior of the instructor informing the class they had failed to meet the criterion for the mastery of some specific content which would have to be retested. The results of this study supported the hypothesis that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Testing, Feedback, Learning, Pretesting, Pretests Posttests, Student...
A schema-based technique designed to improve students' use of feedback on their performance on classroom tests was partially tested. Subjects were 16 female undergraduates separated into two groups based on grade point average (GPA). The training program required that one class meeting after each classroom exam be used as a feedback session. A 50-item multiple-choice pretest, four midterm exams, and one final were administered. The separation of subjects into high and low ability groups for the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Feedback, Females, Higher Education, Learning Processes, Multiple Choice Tests,...
The exploratory study focused on the existence, variability, and effectiveness of adult learning styles among participants receiving computer-based instruction in the metric system. A pretest was administered to 75 adults not currently involved in formal educational programs, and 40 participants were selected whose pretest indicated no knowledge or limited knowledge of the metric system. The learning experience was presented by the Plato 4 computer system, which recorded each participant's...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Learning, Adult Students, Cognitive Style, Computer Assisted Instruction,...
This practicum addressed the problem of fourth grade students who watched their fingers and used the "hunt and peck" method while answering questions in curriculum-based software. The following objectives were established: at the end of the 15-week practicum period, all of the 22 targeted students will demonstrate at least 80% accuracy in correct finger placement on the alphabetic keys; and all of the 22 targeted students will apply their keyboarding skills in a word-processing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Assisted Instruction, Courseware, Grade 4, Intermediate Grades, Keyboarding...
This report presents the results of a two-year project to design, pretest, and revise the Statistical Survey of Elementary Schools, which is intended to provide information on federally funded elementary education programs operating in local public school systems. The report also documents the activities and decisions that brought about these results. (Author)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Education, Federal Programs, Field Studies, National Surveys, Pretests...
A meta-analysis of 29 separate studies investigating pretest effects was conducted. Outcomes of the studies (achievement gains or attitude improvements) were computed as standardized differences between pretested and non-pretested groups. Eleven other variables were coded for each outcome. Initial descriptive statistics were indicative of differences between randomized and nonrandomized studies, so all further analyses were based on the 110 randomized group outcomes. For all outcomes, the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Gains, Attitude Change, Control Groups, Experimental Groups, Pretests...
The Starkweather Originality Test is designed to measure the creative potential of children ranging in age from 3 years, 6 months to 6 years, 6 months. Children younger than 3 years, 6 months can be given the Originality Test if their ability to communicate verbally is satisfactorily demonstrated during the pretest. The test is individually administered to each child by an adult. Both may sit at a table or on the floor, whatever makes the child feel most comfortable and happy. The test consists...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Children, Creative Thinking, Creativity, Early Childhood Education, Imagination,...
This study seeks to establish which scientific reasoning skills are primarily domain-general and which appear to be domain-specific. The subjects, 12 university undergraduates, each participated in self-directed experimentation with three different content domains. The experimentation contexts were computer-based laboratories in d.c. circuits (Voltaville), microeconomics (Smithtown), and the refraction of light (Refract). Subjects spent three 1.5 hour sessions working with each laboratory and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Assisted Instruction, Discovery Learning, Heuristics, Higher Education,...
The long-term sustained impact of the Saginaw School District Chapter I Supplemental Teacher Participation (STP) program on third grade students during the 1979-80 school year was examined. A total of 256 students were classified into one of four categories: 1 year, 2 year continuous, 3 year continuous, and 2 year interrupted. Two different standards were used to gauge observed growth of groups in each category. The first required growth equal to or exceeding normal growth or, in other words,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Compensatory Education, Educationally Disadvantaged, Grade 3,...
The purpose of this study was to field test an instrument incorporating a retrospective pretest to determine whether it could reliably be used as an evaluation tool for a professional development conference. Based on a prominent evaluation taxonomy, the instrument provides a practical, low-cost approach to evaluating the quality of professional development interventions across a wide variety of disciplines. The instrument includes not only the questions typically associated with measuring...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Pretests Posttests, Field Tests, Professional Development, Evaluation, Intervention,...
The present study explored the delay discounting of future and past monetary rewards by pathological gamblers. Using a multiple baseline design, following repeated exposure to choices between smaller immediate and larger delayed consequences, participants completed a relational responding task that attempted to alter the psychological functions of irrelevant stimuli and to affect subsequent delay discounting. Results support previous literature on the discounting of delayed consequences by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Rewards, Games, Probability, Debt (Financial), Stimuli, Delay of Gratification,...
A study examined the factors related to learning occurring in an adult education program. A purposeful sample of Ohio counties and 151 participants in a specific 1993-1993 adult education program who self-selected to participate in the study was used. A descriptive ex post facto study design was used. Pretests-posttests were administered to measure the impact of instruction on achievement at the processing, creating, and remembering levels of cognition, and instructors were interviewed to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Adult Learning, Adult Programs, Cognitive Development, Educational...
The hypothesis that feedback in programmed instruction is an important variable in the learning of novel, but not familiar, content was investigated. A linear, constructed response program dealing with the Sabbath rituals in the synagogue was chosen due to wide variability in student familiarity with this topic. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Feedback was experimentally manipulated by presenting knowledge of results simultaneously with each frame, only after...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Feedback, Intermediate Grades, Judaism, Learning Processes,...
The one group posttest only evaluation model has been identified as a relatively inexpensive and useful model that can identify program components that are not being successful. The use of the model is discussed and illustrated through a hypothetical evaluation of a compensatory (Chapter 1) program. The one group posttest only evaluation model makes it possible to evaluate a compensatory program when there is no available comparison group and no pretest data are available. The design is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Compensatory Education, Control Groups, Evaluation Methods, Models, Pretests...
Developed during a 1968 summer institute for assisting educators of Evanston, Illinois School District 65 to develop some common understandings about crucial integration issues, this set of instructional materials on "Who's the Goat" forms one of a series of teacher "Unipacs." The specific purpose of this Unipac is to help promote integration of blacks and whites. For full abstract for the teacher Unipac series, see UD 010 461. For another of the teacher Unipac series, see...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Attitudes, Desegregation Methods, Desegregation Plans, Instructional Materials,...
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTEREST-MOTIVATED METHOD OF INSTRUCTION IN REMEDIAL ENGLISH WAS EVALUATED. ALL STUDENTS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT WERE PERSONS WHO HAD GRADUATED FROM HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE LOWER 40 PERCENT OF THEIR CLASSES. THEY WERE ADMITTED TO COLLEGE ON A PROBATIONARY BASIS. EIGHT GROUPS OF STUDENTS WERE INVOLVED. FOUR GROUPS WERE DESIGNATED AS EXPERIMENTAL, AND THEIR CLASS PROCEDURE FOLLOWED THE INTEREST-MOTIVATED METHOD OF INSTRUCTION. THE REMAINING GROUPS FOLLOWED A TRADITIONAL...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, English Instruction, Motivation, Performance, Pretesting,...
This study focuses upon Thomas Gordon's Teacher Effectiveness Training (TET) as it affects student attitudes. Of the 104 third, fourth and fifth graders who participated in the study, 48 were students of teachers who volunteered to participate in a TET workshop and agreed to use the TET model throughout the school year. The remaining 56 students (of teachers not trained in TET) served as a control group. In September, 1977, during the second and third week of classes all subjects were given the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary School Students, Measures (Individuals), Models, Pretests Posttests,...
The purpose of this study was to determine if the sequential method of teaching art skills (Brookes, 1986) could improve the success of intermediate grade school art students. Students were required to draw pictures of still life. A between groups pre-posttest crossover design was used to compare and evaluate the quality of perspective drawings before and after training. The results indicated significant improvement in the drawing skills of elementary students after they had been taught with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Grade 6, Control Groups, Art Education, Pretests Posttests, Visual Perception, Snow,...
Three variables which affect students' achievement test scores and which can be manipulated prior to test administration are discussed: testwiseness, practice tests, and test practice. Findings were presented from literature reviews. Regarding testwiseness, (1) it can be described, measured, and taught, therefore, testwiseness exists; (2) testwiseness is only mildly related to general intelligence as measured by group intelligence tests and is probably a network of specific skills, not a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Achievement Tests, Drills (Practice), Literature Reviews, Predictor Variables,...
Researchers studied the effect of cognitive conflict between peers in a collaborative problem-solving task in which the relationship between participants could not be described as "expert-novice" and in which development was potentially possible for all. A total of 156 subjects between 5 and 9 years of age, inclusive, participated in the study. Subjects were required to predict the direction a beam would tip when different numbers of weights were placed at differing distances from the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cognitive Ability, Conservation (Concept), Cooperation, Elementary Education,...
This instructional guide was designed to assist educators in teaching the topics of consumer credit and consumer credit protection to secondary and postsecondary students in various economics and business courses, as well as for use in adult and community education courses. The guide contains four sections, which can be used singly or in combination. They cover: (1) an overview of consumer credit; (2) the Equal Credit Opportunity Act; (3) the Fair Credit Reporting Act; and (4) the Fair Debt...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Consumer Economics, Consumer Education, Consumer Protection, Credit...
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the marriage enrichment program based on the cognitive-behavioral approach on levels of marital adjustment of individuals. The experimental and control group of this research was totally composed of 30 individuals. A pre-test post-test research model with control group was used in this research. Marital Adjustment Scale as being pre-test and post-test was applied to the experimental and control groups. In order to test that, meaningful...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Experimental Groups, Control Groups, Enrichment Activities, Marriage, Instructional...
A pretest-posttest design for measuring the effects of educational programs uses comparison groups consisting of pupils like those in the treatment group but not getting that particular treatment. Although the design is geared primarily to evaluation of Title I programs in large cities, it should also apply to other situations. The plan for measuring treatment effects is to (1) identify the major objectives and the most important side effects of the programs, and (2) develop measures of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Programs, Measurement Techniques, Pretesting, Pretests Posttests, Program...
