This study is part of an ongoing research project examining women in Sweden who work in traditional female professions. The project aims to investigate women's life patterns in a longitudinal perspective--targeting individuals born in 1948 and covering the years 1961 to 1981/82--with focus on their background, education and work experiences. Researchers concentrated on three professional groups: lower primary teachers, nurses, and secretaries. Investigators used multiple discriminant analysis...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employed Women, Females, Foreign Countries, Labor Market, Longitudinal Studies,...
To determine whether individuals project their own locus of control to their attitude toward the disabled, several forms of a disability opinion survey based on J. Rotter's concepts were developed. The Disability Opinion Survey (DOS) (Form IS) was administered to 99 undergraduate and graduate students in special education and rehabilitation; and a demographic information sheet, the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons Scale, the DOS (Forms IS and IST), and the Social Distance Survey (SDS) were...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitudes toward Disabilities, Exceptional Child Research, Handicapped Children,...
The determinants of self-directed learning (SDL) among professionals of high attainment were examined through open-ended, semidirected interviews with a purposeful sample of eight professional men and women who have acquired identifiable, high-level professional knowledge/skills typically taught in postsecondary learning institutions without ever having enrolled in postsecondary programs in their field. The informants were recognized professionals in the following fields: computer analysis,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Adult Learning, Context Effect, Educational Environment, Educational...
Statistical data on working women in the United States from age 16 to 70 and over are analyzed for the 1974-75 period. It is noted that the labor force participation of women has risen dramatically since 1950, although the rate has stabilized somewhat since the late 1960's (which is in marked contrast to the rate of their male counterparts, which has persistently declined). Data presented covers the following areas: Labor force status, marital status, occupations, income, and unrelated women...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Age Groups, Comparative Analysis, Economic Status, Educational Experience, Employed...
The need for adequate knowledge of the personality patterns associated with professional competence, especially that of women professionals, spurred the authors to study this relationship, using 221 professional woman as subjects. The subjects, professionals from nine different occupations, were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) from which the patterning of subtest scores provides the basis for the Gittinger Personality Assessment System (PAS). Primary emphasis was...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Counseling, Career Guidance, Employment Qualifications, Females, Lawyers,...
"Exploring Careers" is a career education resource program, published in fifteen separate booklets, for junior high school-age students. It provides information about the world of work and offers its readers a way of learning about themselves and relating that information to career choices. The publications aim to build career awareness by means of occupational narratives, evaluative questions, activities, and career games grouped in fourteen occupational clusters. This eleventh of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Occupations, Career Awareness, Career Choice, Career Exploration,...
A discussion of discourse patterns in the professional interactions of lawyers and physicians suggests that these encounters are programmatic exchanges to which the psycholinguistic rules of processing and inference can be applied. In these professions, the constraints of normal discourse patterns interact with the conventions of giving and getting information in monologues or interviews. It is proposed that discourse analysis be used in such areas to design patterned language protocols for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business Communication, Communication Skills, Discourse Analysis, Foreign Countries,...
This paper reports on one aspect of a study examining activities, partners, and settings of 20 preschoolers ranging in age from 28 to 45 months. The children were drawn from two cultural communities (both white): in one community parents worked in professional occupations; in the second group, parents were in non-professional, working class occupations. The communities were located in a city in the southeastern United States. Modified spot observations were collected every 6 minutes for 18...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Cultural Context, Cultural Differences, Day Care, Interpersonal...
This document contains the general provisions issued pursuant to Title VIII of the Education Law in New York State to obtain a license to practice a profession or to use a professional title. The provisions apply to admission to the licensing examination and to the issuance of licenses in each of the professions supervised by the Board of Regents. These regulations cover the following: education requirements, English proficiency requirements, citizenship or immigration requirements,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Legal Responsibility, Licensing Examinations (Professions),...
This document contains 17 papers from a national conference on promoting excellence in research and teaching for business. The following papers are included: "The Development of Innovative Learning Models for Modern Information Technology Professional Education" (Stephen C. Shih); "Entry-Level Information Services and Support Personnel: Needed Workplace and Technology Skills" (Faridah Awang, Marcia A. Anderson, Clora Mae Baker); "An Examination of Disciplinary Web...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business Communication, Business Education, Business Education Teachers, Cheating,...
The purpose of this study was to identify the trained manpower needed to cope with Indiana's mounting problems in air and water pollution control, liquid and solid waste disposal, and water supply and resources. This report contains data concerning the present employment, current job opportunities, and projected manpower needs for related professional and technician level occupations. Included are details of a proposed associate degree program designed to prepare pollution control technicians....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Air Pollution, Associate Degrees, Curriculum Design, Educational Needs, Employment...
The collective negotiation process between professional teachers organizations and school systems is fast becoming a full time job. Many school districts employ professional negotiations specialists to handle bargaining on behalf of school boards. To obtain an idea of current practices in assigning the function of chief negotiator, the Educational Research Service sent a questionnaire to 128 school systems (over 50,000 pupils) known to have negotiated agreements with teachers. Results of this...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Boards of Education, Collective Bargaining, Employment Qualifications, Occupational...
A Rand evaluation of activity and products of gaming, model-building, and simulation carried out under the auspices of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency aimed not only to assess the usefulness of gaming in military-political policymaking, but also to contribute to the definition of common standards and the refinement of objectives for the entire gaming profession. As a result of the survey, the purposes, production, operation, use, and costs of 132 models, simulations, and games are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Costs, Decision Making, Educational Games, Evaluation, Game Theory, Management Games,...
This paper argues for an increased role and the importance of higher education in the continuing professionalization of fire service. The article opens by describing the development of higher education in fire service that began with a 1966 Wingspread conference for fire service leaders where a three tiered model and seven content areas were defined. A second Wingspread conference in 1976 evaluated progress in higher education and professionalism for fire service and revised the model to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Degrees (Academic), Fire Fighters, Fire Science Education, Graduate Study, Higher...
This document provides an overview of the gender distribution of ICT and ICT-related employment in OECD countries, and ICT employment patterns are contrasted with overall employment to highlight differences. The authors discuss participation in ICT-related education and training, and differences in ICT access and use by gender. Overall, participation rates of women in employment tend to be significantly lower than those for men, although their labour market participation is increasing in most...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Professional Occupations, Females, Employment Patterns, Labor Market, Computer...
This article explores an important purpose that some scholars in professional programs of study are utilizing service-learning to pursue: educating the civic professional by integrating education for work and citizenship. While such a purpose holds promise, an examination of a case study from the field of landscape architecture illustrates the ways in which its pursuit can be profoundly challenging. As the story reveals, it can require faculty, students, and community members to undergo several...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Role of Education, Professional Occupations, Service Learning, Participation,...
In this article, the author discusses what life will be like in 2035, and what its implications will be for the way in which health education is practiced. He states that in the next 25 years health educators will have to leave their comfort zones and take a calculated risk with some radical and more creative approaches to health behavior change. More programs, more education and more of what has failed to move the needle in the past 25 years also is unlikely to move it much in the next 25....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Health Education, Futures (of Society), Health Behavior, Behavior Modification,...
The hypothesis that making judgments is the basis for workplace learning was examined by studying work in a range of occupations with a view to identifying and analyzing the main judgments involved in individuals' work performance. To test the hypothesis, six practicing professionals (three men and three women) were interviewed. Two of interviewees were public servants with division-level responsibilities. The occupations of the other four were as follows: psychiatrist; private school...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Learning, Cognitive Processes, Decision Making, Education Work Relationship,...
Translators and interpreters are not currently trained as professionals, but taught a "do-as-I-do" system inherited from the medieval guilds. Most are self-made, having acquired technique and applied it to languages already known. However, there is now enough known about mediated interlingual communication to teach translators and interpreters how to be successful practitioners. Training should include the following: the general theory of language, including universal principles of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication (Thought Transfer), Higher Education, Interpreters, Linguistic Theory,...
This report details concerns of specific Asian and Pacific American Communities and examines the degree to which government agencies at federal state, and local levels have made efforts to resolve these problems, or, in some cases, contribute to them. The study deals with educational opportunities afforded Chinese American youth; housing and redevelopment problems faced by Japanese Americans; allegations of inadequate social services allocated to Pacific Americans; the various problems faced by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian Americans, Certification, Community Problems, Community Services, Dentists,...
This document discusses and attempts to project scientific and engineering manpower supply and demand trends. Provided are detailed graphical and tabular data relating to science and engineering degrees awarded, enrollment trends, average annual openings for scientific and technical occupations, and projected supply/demand imbalances for scientific and technical occupations. Projections for future trends rely heavily upon federal funding of programs; however, employment for scientists and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Planning, Employment, Employment Patterns, Engineering Education, Engineers,...
TO EXAMINE A NUMBER OF STEREOTYPES AND IMPRESSIONS HELD BY SOCIAL SCIENTISTS ABOUT DIFFERENCES IN RURAL-URBAN ATTITUDES, THIS RESEARCH ANALYZED THE RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS FROM 20 NATIONAL OPINION POLLS CONDUCTED BY THE GALLUP ORGANIZATION AND THE NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER FROM 1953 TO 1965. COMPARISONS WERE MADE BETWEEN THE RESPONSES OF FARMERS AND ADULT MEMBERS OF FARMERS' HOUSEHOLDS, AND FOUR LEVELS OF NONAGRICULTURAL WORKERS AND ADULT MEMBERS OF NONAGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS--UPPER AND...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitudes, Blue Collar Occupations, Comparative Analysis, Farmers, Professional...
Although professionalism has been an important concept to American journalists for over a century, no consensus exists regarding what concepts like profession, professionalism, and professionalization mean. Three basic traditions have dominated the sociological literature on professionalism: (1) the phenomenological approach, which advocates studying the way ordinary members of an occupation invoke the term in everyday usage; (2) the power approach, which addresses professionalization issues as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Journalism, Models, Organizational Climate, Organizational...
This paper proposes a comprehensive model in which the emergence and growth of various professions in Sweden can be localized and better understood. An opening section offers some remarks about the problem of definition and delineation of the concept of "profession." This section defines professionals as carriers of abstract expert systems, enabling them to perform acts that are perceived as valuable (skilled, informative, helpful, profitable) and trustworthy by clients. The paper...
Topics: ERIC Archive, European History, Higher Education, Middle Class, Professional Education,...
The nature of literary translation and ways in which it differs from other forms of translation are examined, looking at practical difficulties, challenges, and satisfaction in the profession of literary translation. The difficulties discussed include suggestions about how to get started, legal questions of copyright, and choice of text. Challenges include cultural differences, specialized vocabulary, authors' use of figurative language and language play, translation of dialects within a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ambiguity, Copyrights, Cultural Context, Dialects, Discourse Analysis, Figurative...
The purpose of this comparison was to examine qualitative differences between male and female occupational aspirations to better understand similarities and/or differences in level of aspiration. Selected samples of students (3,123) and mothers (425) from 2 regional research projects constituted the source of data. Respondents were from low income families in predominantly rural areas of the Southern and Southwestern U.S. Data on 3 samples of black and white elementary students (North Carolina,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Anglo Americans, Blacks, Clerical Occupations, Comparative...
Drug abuse is a serious problem in today's work force. It is found in every occupation, from the entry-level employee to the chief executive officer. Among health care professionals alcohol is the number-one substance abused, prescription drugs are second, and cocaine is third. Substance abuse among health-care professionals in Rutherford, Tennessee and surrounding counties was investigated in this study. There were 1,817 subjects surveyed by mail. Each subject received a questionnaire and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Personnel, Health Occupations, Health Personnel, Incidence, Physical...
This guide, which was developed for Idaho middle and junior high school teachers, provides a framework for developing hands-on curricula that will acquaint students with concepts and activities common to a wide range of occupations. Presented after a brief introduction explaining the rationale for a curriculum based on career pathways are a curriculum framework and brief discussions of staffing and delivery options. The remainder of the guide consists of six sections that each contain the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art, Blue Collar Occupations, Career Education, Classroom Techniques, Clerical...
A model was developed positing four factors as having a determinant influence on the desire of Mexicans for future economic relationships between their country and the United States. The factors, previously identified as occupying a central position in intercultural communication, are perceptions of shared interests, threats, homophily, and accuracy. The model was tested using data collected in a survey of 800 Mexicans identified as holding "elite" positions in three metropolitan...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Measures, Attitudes, Communication Research, Goodness of Fit, Intercultural...
This document contains two papers from a symposium on learning on the job. "Professional Crisis Workers: Impact of Repeated Exposure to Human Pain and Destructiveness" (Lynn Atkinson-Tovar) examines the following topics: (1) the secondary and vicarious traumatic stress disorder that affects many professional crisis workers who are repeatedly exposed to human pain and destructiveness; (2) ways human resource development (HRD) professionals can assess vicarious traumatization in crisis...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjustment (to Environment), Counselors, Definitions, Developing Nations, Emergency...
This annual publication provides a summary of training activity in apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia, including information on training rates, completion rates, attrition rates, training within the trades and duration of training. The figures in this publication are derived from the National Apprentice and Trainee Collection no.63 (March 2010 estimates), which is compiled under the Australian Vocational Education and Training Management Information Statistical Standard (AVETMISS)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Vocational Education, Trainees, Apprenticeships, Statistical Data,...
This report is one of seven that identify major new and emerging technological advances expected to influence major vocational education program areas and to describe the programmatic implications in terms of skill-knowledge requirements, occupations most directly affected, and the anticipated diffusion rate. Chapter 1 considers technology as process, the relation of technology and productivity, and technology as the arbitrator of work. The first of three sections in chapter 2 presents the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Occupations, Allied Health Occupations Education, Databases, Diffusion...
This speech, by a member of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education's Commission on Education for the Profession of Teaching (CEPT) and one of the authors of the CEPT report, is a discussion of CEPT. He begins by discussing whether or not the teaching profession and teacher education are "real" professions. He takes the view that they are not and that the task ahead for teacher educators is to know what constitutes a "real" profession and to pursue it with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Governance, Higher Education, Internship Programs, Professional Associations,...
This paper explores the impact of feminist scholarship on the professions of education and business, and looks critically at the assumptions on which the study of professionalism has been based. The paper begins with a feminist critique of professionalism, based on characteristics of professions and gender theory. Feminist theory is applied to education, focusing on research, textbooks, curriculum, gender bias, and efforts to empower teachers and students. Feminist critiques of research on...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business, Education, Feminism, Higher Education, Professional Occupations,...
Proficiency in a foreign language combined with knowledge and skills in another professional area is highly desirable in the marketplace. Business places the greatest emphasis on this combination, although language skills rank well below other selection factors. Most employers provide language training when necessary, but the amount of time available and the level of proficiency attained are usually very limited. Many employees become discouraged at the magnitude of the language learning task....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business Communication, Careers, Curriculum Development, Educational Benefits,...
The vocational education and training (VET) profession in Australia is confronted with a radical reconstruction, not only in terms of the new work VET professionals are expected to perform but also in terms of the new culture and professional roles that have emerged out of the diversifying sites of professional practice. Reasons for the shift in the conceptualization of professional work in VET must include the changes brought about by over a decade of training reform and the establishment of a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cognitive Structures, Developed Nations, Educational Change, Educational Trends,...
AS PART OF A LARGER STUDY OF CAREERS IN THE MENTAL HEALTH FIELD BEING MADE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, THIS INVESTIGATION STUDIED (1) A MODEL FOR STUDYING PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR, (2) EXTENT TO WHICH PROFESSIONAL, IDEOLOGICAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCE PROFESSIONAL FUNCTIONS, AND (3) IMPLICATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING PROFESSIONAL ADULT EDUCATORS. PROFESSIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PERSONNEL WERE STUDIED BY QUESTIONNAIRE IN METROPOLITAN CHICAGO, LOS ANGELES, AND NEW YORK. LINES OF SPECIALIZATION...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administration, Allied Health Occupations, Health Personnel, Investigations, Job...
An actual contract form used for architectural services is presented. Fees, duties, and services are included. Services are listed in the following phases--(1) schematic design, (2) design development, (3) contract document, and (4) construction. Extra services are listed, and owner's responsibility with regard to cost estimates is given. Construction cost is defined, and the payment schedule is given according to progress of the project. Other provisions include--(1) accounting records, (2)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Architects, Contracts, Professional Occupations, Professional Services
A list of works dealing with adult education in professional fields is given. One hundred and fifty citations are listed. Ordering information for documents cited is also provided. (CK)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Bibliographies, Professional Occupations, D'Antoni, Susan, Comp.
This paper analyzes the new role that the University of Pittsburgh External Studies Program is creating for curriculum specialists. Different skills and competences are required for the curriculum coordinator who helps professors individualize their courses. interpersonal and communications skills and special techniques and procedures are needed to elicit from the discipline expert the elements of his subject area necessary to structure individualized modules under the Process Individualization...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Skills, Curriculum Development, External Degree Programs, Higher...
Presented are some casefinding approaches used in the Developmentally Delayed Infant Education Project (Ohio). Brief sections include information on the Project's objectives and limits; the responsibilities, desired skills and competencies, and desired traits and attributes of casefinding coordinators; identification approaches (such as contacting social service agencies and medical facilities, reaching parents through the media, and mass screening); ways to handle initial contacts and testing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developmental Disabilities, Exceptional Child Education, Handicapped Children,...
A questionnaire requesting subjects to rank 16 occupations according to "how you perceive their social standing" (prestige ranking) was administered to 154 undergraduate students. From an analysis of the rankings, students were labeled Traditional (N=73) and Non-Traditional (N=74) and were then compared on demographic and attitudinal variables. Non-Traditional students tended to rank the skilled trades higher in prestige than did Traditional students. Analysis of variance indicated...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitude Change, Attitudes, Career Choice, College Students, Economic Status, Higher...
A questionnaire, sent to the chairperson of either the psychology or the sociology department of all colleges and universities in the United States, explored the extent and nature of attitudes about hiring Ph.D. couples in the same department. A total of 2,027 colleges and universities comprised the sample group; however, only 16 percent (329) returned the questionnaire. Results indicate that administrators who would oppose hiring a husband-wife team in the same department are in the minority,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, College Faculty, Employed Women, Employer Attitudes,...
The Health Manpower Conferences Project (HMC), under the guidance of the National Student Coordinating Committee, solicited proposals from local student groups interested in supporting an interdisciplinary student health manpower conference. Ten selected student groups were awarded subcontracts and each planned and conducted a conference during the spring of 1973. The successful conference series was conceived to provide students from the same geographical region the opportunity to use an...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Occupations Education, Conferences, Contracts, Group Experience, Health...
This paper, prepared for the September 5, 1968, National Education Association (NEA) Staff Conference, presents the NEA position, program, and strategy with regard to preservice and inservice teacher education and professional standards. Introductory remarks include a list of seven priorities which form the "framework of context of the NEA program"; a list of 12 goals which the Association continues to champion and promote; appraisal of the "broken-front approach" strategy...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Collective Bargaining, Demonstration Programs, Education, Governance, Professional...
Descriptions of Public Health Service (PHS) career opportunities for engineers are contained in this booklet. A brief description of career horizons and the organization of the U.S. Public Health Service precedes discussion of the following topics: (1) Brief descriptions of PHS engineering employment opportunities, grouped by principal areas of specialization, including research and development, teaching and training, technical consultation, regulatory enforcement, automatic data processing,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Education, Employment Opportunities, Employment Qualifications, Engineers,...
Described in this document is a five-stage curriculum model for the training of nurse practitioners which was developed through the Allied Health Professions Project (AHPP). Based on a national survey of nursing occupations, stage I of the curriculum model includes the 60 percent of activities common to all practitioners, and stage II includes the remaining or more complex skills. Stage III is designed to prepare teachers, administrators, or consultants for beginning faculty positions for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Occupations, Allied Health Occupations Education, Career Development,...
This article examines the interrelationship between teachers and their work of teaching, as observed in a study conducted in 1969 in Minneapolis and St. Paul, and intended to assess the extent and kind of attachments which secondary school teachers hold for their teaching when the total of life attachments and interactions is taken into account. It aimed to determine whether the global and rather complete dedication which often is assumed to be characteristic of professional occupations...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Job Satisfaction, Professional Occupations, Secondary School Teachers, Teacher...
Data from the National Adult Literacy Study (NALS) are used to analyze the prose, document, and quantitative literacy of U.S. teachers and compare them to the literacy of other adults. More than 26,000 people were interviewed for the NALS. As a group, teachers score relatively high in prose, document, and quantitative literacy, and there are no significant differences between male and female teachers or between elementary and secondary school teachers. About half of teachers score at Levels 4...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Comparative Analysis, Competence, Elementary Secondary Education, Literacy,...
Drawing on what researchers and professionals in the field internationally report, this paper reviews educational technology as an emergent field. The review reveals the continuum of perspectives on what the field is, and how it is bounded or fragmented. The paper describes the field from two perspectives: the professional and scholarly and considers how the forms of knowledge differ and overlap in each domain. It posits some dichotomies which may frame the field such as science/social science...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Technology, Electronic Learning, Professional Occupations, Sciences,...
