Drawing on what researchers and professionals in the field internationally report, this paper reviews educational technology as an emergent field. The review reveals the continuum of perspectives on what the field is, and how it is bounded or fragmented. The paper describes the field from two perspectives: the professional and scholarly and considers how the forms of knowledge differ and overlap in each domain. It posits some dichotomies which may frame the field such as science/social science...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Technology, Electronic Learning, Professional Occupations, Sciences,...
In this article, the author discusses what life will be like in 2035, and what its implications will be for the way in which health education is practiced. He states that in the next 25 years health educators will have to leave their comfort zones and take a calculated risk with some radical and more creative approaches to health behavior change. More programs, more education and more of what has failed to move the needle in the past 25 years also is unlikely to move it much in the next 25....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Health Education, Futures (of Society), Health Behavior, Behavior Modification,...
Ryerson University's Prior Learning and Competency Evaluation and Documentation (PLACED) program is funded by the Government of Ontario to engage internationally educated professionals (IEPs), employers, and regulatory/occupational bodies in the use of competency-based practices. In 2008, the authors created a self-assessment tool for IEPs that would build a portfolio reflecting an individual's knowledge and skills while introducing him or her to aspects of the Canadian workplace and labour...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Educational Attainment, Professional Occupations, Labor Market,...
As an area of research, instructional communication has struggled to map out the role of communication in the teaching process. More recently, the scholarship of teaching and learning (SOTL) movement has emphasized the importance of applying the same systematic, informed rigor in the teaching that educators do in their research pursuits. Both concepts share considerable overlap and stem from the desire to improve education. But how can one advance the SOTL beyond buzzword status and put it into...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Scholarship, Instruction, Teaching Methods, Learning Processes, Intellectual...
Issues concerning the professional development of university administrators in Australia are discussed, including the lack of a body of knowledge about university administration; the need for a well-defined level of expertise, theory supporting administration's role, and political pressures for professionalization; and resistance to change. A slow and inconsistent trend toward professionalization is discerned. (MSE)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Qualifications, Administrator Role, Change...
Survey responses from 83 of 100 public technical college employees found that support workers had significantly greater levels of content and structural plateauing in their careers. Professional/technical employees had greater structural plateauing than did teachers and administrators. (SK)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employee Attitudes, Professional Occupations, Promotion (Occupational), Technical...
A study of one small Canadian university used official employee records, details from contracts and employment terms, an employee survey, and structured interviews to investigate gender equity in university employment. Six employee groups were examined: faculty, librarians, professional and technical workers, secretarial-clerical workers, physical plant employees, and nonclassified workers. (MSE)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Ladders, Case Studies, Clerical Workers, College Faculty, Employment Patterns,...
General issues in manpower planning are outlined, Canadian efforts are reviewed, and suggestions for directions to be taken are offered. Focus is on the major questions of how and what manpower planning is done. (LBH)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Opportunities, Higher Education, Labor Conditions, Labor Force...
Writing courses for preprofessional students focus on the fundamentals of grammar, spelling, and syntax for students majoring in one of the professional fields and can provide students with subject matter for writing and an opportunity to examine and practice the stylistic conventions of their particular fields of interest. Both the English department and the instructors must participate actively in preparing such courses, as may be seen by examining the way in which a legal writing course is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, English Instruction, Higher Education, Legal Education, Professional Education,...
This article draws on the transcripts of focus group interviews held with three groups of students, all in their final year of four-year Bachelor degrees. All had completed the professional experience requirements for their course. One group comprised education students, one group comprised nursing students, and the third was studying engineering. All were studying at the same university. Common across all three professional areas, the new entrants' experiences appear physically,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Performance Based Assessment, Nursing Students, Focus Groups, Undergraduate Students,...
This essay describes my progress bringing the core ideas of economics into conversations with noneconomists about important public policy issues within my faith community, through local politics, and through interdisciplinary conversations in academia. Thinking like an economist is essential to conducting research and performing careful analysis of public policy issues. However, it can reduce the economists' effectiveness in teaching and interacting with neighbors and political leaders....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Public Policy, Economics, Professional Occupations, Cognitive Processes, Instruction,...
This article uses data from the Australian Censuses of 1976 and 2001 to measure the extent to which the children of school teachers participated in the middle class shift from public to non-government secondary schooling of the closing decades of the last century. It builds on recent work by Craig Campbell and Geoffrey Sherington on the history of the New South Wales Public comprehensive high school, as well as recent analyses of the relationships between the middle classes and public...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Census Figures, Data Analysis, Parents, Teaching (Occupation),...
One of the requirements of the Epsilon Pi Tau (EPT) initiation is the apprentice has to physically be at the initiation (EPT, 2004). Since the majority of nontraditional students and working professionals are physically removed from an initiation site, they have missed the opportunity to join EPT. On 8 April, 2005, the Beta Mu Chapter of The International Honor Society for Professions in Technology at East Carolina University (ECU) performed the first virtual initiation for the honorary in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Professional Occupations, Technology, Honor Societies, Ceremonies, Internet, Student...
As ESL/EFL teachers, how do we fit into the spectrum between unskilled workers and highly trained professionals? This article examines three features of the traditional professions and applies them to the ESL/EFL context. It considers problems with the lack of mandatory standardized certification, critically assesses attachment to the university, and examines the role of the professional organization in raising the status of the occupation. The article concludes by calling for further empirical...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Unskilled Workers, Professional Development, Differences, Language Teachers, Second...
Health care occupations are expected to be among the fastest growing professions in the next ten years. With such incredible growth expected in employment and wages, and with women's participation in the industry remaining strong, are women in the health care industry, particularly those in health care administration, experiencing a narrowing of the gender gap? This paper briefly reviews various theories of career success as they relate to the gender gap in executive level positions in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Health Services, Organizational Culture, Industry, Gender Differences, Leadership,...
The number of highly skilled Africans leaving their country of origin, many with PhDs, has reached disturbing proportions. Meanwhile, Africa spends billions per year to fill the capacity gaps that are created by the exodus of the highly skilled. In Africa, Ethiopia ranked first in terms of rate of loss of human capital. Many African governments are unable to match salaries or offer incentives to draw the highly skilled to return home in this context. The article focuses on the knowledge...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Brain Drain, Human Capital, Developing Nations, Migration...
This article explores an important purpose that some scholars in professional programs of study are utilizing service-learning to pursue: educating the civic professional by integrating education for work and citizenship. While such a purpose holds promise, an examination of a case study from the field of landscape architecture illustrates the ways in which its pursuit can be profoundly challenging. As the story reveals, it can require faculty, students, and community members to undergo several...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Role of Education, Professional Occupations, Service Learning, Participation,...
This report explores the crucial transformation of the United States from an industrial to a post-industrial economy, with a particular focus on the shifting skill levels and incomes of American workers. It shows the increasing value of postsecondary education in today's economy and examines how workers have fared as the nation's focus has shifted from manufacturing to the delivery of services like healthcare, education, and finance and business services. Included in the report is the appendix:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Economics, Service Occupations, Role of Education, Input Output...
Admission to the legal profession in England is controlled by organizations representing the solicitors and barristers, the two great divisions into which the profession is divided. this control by private organizations is peculiar to England, and a proper appreciation of the present condition and tendencies in English legal education therefore requires a somewhat detailed account of these societies and their activities. The division of the profession into two classes, the solicitors and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teaching Methods, Professional Occupations, Numbers, Foreign Countries, Methods,...
While state policy leadership for higher education is not universally recognized as a profession, either within states or within higher education, the profession has existed in the United States for more than half a century. Moreover, its essential work is now practiced in other countries all over the world. This essay will briefly consider how the profession emerged in the U.S., how it has evolved over the past half century, and the future implications of changing and growing demands for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, State Policy, Educational Policy, Leadership, Higher Education, Professional...
Helping regular education students transition from high school to the post-secondary world can be a daunting task. Assisting students with special needs do this can be quite intimidating. According to the Harris Poll 2000, 20% of the general population was unemployed, while 71% of adults with disabilities were unemployed (Miller, Lombard, & Corbet, p. 3). The National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability stated that 36% of high school dropouts have some type of learning disability, 59%...
Topics: ERIC Archive, High School Students, Transitional Programs, Special Needs Students, Disabilities,...
"Attrition in the trades," by Tom Karmel, Patrick Lim and Josie Misko, analyses whether attrition--the gradual reduction or weakening of a workforce--occurs more amongst tradespeople than professionals, and if this is to the detriment of the supply of tradespeople. The authors use data from the Australian Labour Mobility Survey in 2008 and 1994. This provides a useful comparison because in 2008 the labour market was in a good state--but the economic crisis was on the horizon--but in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Labor Turnover, Skilled Occupations, Professional Occupations, Occupational Mobility,...
Shortages in the trades are again becoming a prominent issue as Australia emerges from the Global Financial Crisis. The existence of shortages puts the immediate focus on the apparent inability of the training system to supply sufficient skilled tradespersons, but shortages in an occupation are as much related to the rate at which individuals leave the occupation as the rate at which the occupation attracts new entrants. Hence, this paper which focuses on attrition in the trades, using...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Labor Turnover, Skilled Occupations, Professional Occupations, Occupational Mobility,...
The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) state-level analysis provides policymakers, educators, state government officials, and others with details on the projections of STEM jobs through 2018. This report delivers a state-by-state snapshot of the demand for STEM jobs, including: (1) The number of forecast net new and replacement jobs by state for each of the five STEM occupational groups; (2) The educational distribution of STEM jobs by state; (3) The share of STEM jobs in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Demand Occupations, Technical Occupations, Mathematics, Professional Occupations,...
The recession that began in December of 2007 is already 30 months old, but the U.S. economy will not recover its pre-recession employment levels for at least another two years. From there, it will take an additional three years to make up for lost growth and create a job market strong enough to employ both the casualties of the recession and the millions of new workers who will stream into the workforce from schools across the country. In this report, the authors look at the current state of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Projections, Job Development, Employment Opportunities, Employment...
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of adolescent career plans reported in PISA 2006. Its main focus is on the differences in the status and area of employment expected by girls and boys in high school. In almost all countries, girls lead boys in their interest in non-manual, high status professional occupations. This can be seen as a vertical dimension of gender segregation in occupational preferences. Students also differ by gender in selecting particular fields of employment within...
Topics: ERIC Archive, High School Students, Student Attitudes, Females, Foreign Countries, Males, Career...
While every state continues to experience the impacts of the economic downturn and resulting recession, it will be many years before people understand the full nature and causes of the financial crisis. But it appears that one of the contributing factors to both the crisis and the anemic nature of the recovery has been the weakened position of the U.S. economy in global markets. This relatively untold story of the recession and recovery is, in fact, perhaps one of the major developments in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economic Development, Global Approach, Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Employment,...
The primary focus of this research is the impact of wages on the decision not to continue with an apprenticeship or traineeship. The approach taken is to model three wages relevant to apprentices and trainees: the wage during training; the expected wage in alternative employment; and, the expected wage on completion. The results of these models are then used as inputs into a model which estimates the impact of wages on the final probability of completing an apprenticeship or traineeship. The...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Wages, Apprenticeships, Trainees, Vocational Education, Withdrawal (Education),...
This publication presents experimental estimates of completion and attrition rates for the latest commencing apprentice and trainee cohorts. Such up-to-date estimates are possible by applying a "life tables" methodology to simple cross tabulations of commencements, completions and cancellations/withdrawals. The resultant cross-sectional estimates reflect what completion and attrition rates would be if the patterns observed in a particular quarter remain unchanged for the life of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Vocational Education, Trainees, Apprenticeships, Statistical Data,...
This annual publication provides a summary of training activity in apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia, including information on training rates, completion rates, attrition rates, training within the trades and duration of training. The figures in this publication are derived from the National Apprentice and Trainee Collection no.63 (March 2010 estimates), which is compiled under the Australian Vocational Education and Training Management Information Statistical Standard (AVETMISS)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Vocational Education, Trainees, Apprenticeships, Statistical Data,...
In this publication, the authors compare the salaries of primary (Grades 1 to 6 in most countries) and secondary school (usually Grades 7 to 12) teachers with the salaries of people in mathematics-oriented professions, such as engineering, scientific fields, and accounting. Their analysis centers on a number of developed and developing countries. They also look at the relationship between what mathematics teachers are paid and the mathematics scores of Grades 8 and 10 students on mathematics...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Teacher Salaries, Income, Mathematics Achievement, Mathematics Tests, Comparative...
This report presents data from the 2006 Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR). The SDR is a panel survey that collects longitudinal data, biennially, on demographic and general employment characteristics of individuals who have received a doctorate in a science, engineering, or health field from a U.S. academic institution. Sampled individuals are followed from shortly after they receive their doctorate through age 75 years. The SDR sample is augmented each cycle with new samples of the most...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Surveys, Graduates, Doctoral Degrees, Engineering, Health Occupations, Professional...
Recent news articles and studies have generated concern among New England policy makers and others that the region's supply of young, highly educated professionals is disappearing. The fear is that comparatively high housing and other costs may be driving away many within this highly mobile group. This paper explores trends in the stocks and flows of young professionals, defined as people 25 to 39 with at least a bachelor's degree. The goal is to help policy makers better understand this...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Young Adults, Skilled Occupations, Labor Supply, Brain Drain, Professional...
This document provides an overview of the gender distribution of ICT and ICT-related employment in OECD countries, and ICT employment patterns are contrasted with overall employment to highlight differences. The authors discuss participation in ICT-related education and training, and differences in ICT access and use by gender. Overall, participation rates of women in employment tend to be significantly lower than those for men, although their labour market participation is increasing in most...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Professional Occupations, Females, Employment Patterns, Labor Market, Computer...
This paper builds on earlier reviews by the author of the changing roles and identities of contemporary professional staff in UK higher education (Whitchurch, 2004; 2006a; 2006b), and describes an empirical study that was undertaken between 2004 and 2007. It progresses the argument that the generic terms "administration" and "management" no longer do justice to the activities of these staff, and uses the concept of identity to develop four categories of "bounded,"...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Longitudinal Studies, Professional Development, Professional Personnel, Role, Higher...
From preservation of historical monuments to repair of existing buildings, architectural heritage seems to be a market with a future for France's building industry. The public's enthusiasm, along with greater appreciation of the "value" of cultural goods and their integration into a framework of economic development offer a favorable context for rapid expansion of the architectural heritage market. Despite this fact, architectural heritage has yet to become the focus of strategies...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Architects, Architectural Character, Architectural Education, Architecture, Building...
The question of how to theorize the subjective side of work within a life history perspective was explored. The findings of a study on engineers' subjective recognition of their lives, their education and jobs, and their life perspectives and the findings of a study of continuing education within a number of white-collar and semiprofessional work domains were cited as supporting the existence of a close interrelationship between professional learning and personal development. It was argued...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Adult Learning, Biographies, Engineers, Foreign Countries, Human...
Learning in the first professional job was examined in a study of 40 nurses, 27 engineers, and 16 accountants who were in their first full year of full-time employment after college in hospitals and firms located in the United Kingdom. Data were collected through the following activities: (1) interviews with the respondents; (2) 1- to 2-day visits to their workplaces; and (3) interviews with their managers/mentors and significant others in their workplaces. The first few months of full-time...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accountants, Apprenticeships, Case Studies, College Graduates, Competence, Education...
This document contains 17 papers from a national conference on promoting excellence in research and teaching for business. The following papers are included: "The Development of Innovative Learning Models for Modern Information Technology Professional Education" (Stephen C. Shih); "Entry-Level Information Services and Support Personnel: Needed Workplace and Technology Skills" (Faridah Awang, Marcia A. Anderson, Clora Mae Baker); "An Examination of Disciplinary Web...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business Communication, Business Education, Business Education Teachers, Cheating,...
The General Accounting Office (GAO) examined private-sector workforce training practices for information technology (IT) and non-IT professionals. Data were collected from the following sources: a literature review; discussions with academic and professional authorities; interviews with executives and managers at leading companies regarding their IT training management practices and activities; and a panel discussion. The study identified 22 existing and emerging practices in the following...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Case Studies, Corporate Education, Delivery Systems,...
This document contains two papers from a symposium on learning on the job. "Professional Crisis Workers: Impact of Repeated Exposure to Human Pain and Destructiveness" (Lynn Atkinson-Tovar) examines the following topics: (1) the secondary and vicarious traumatic stress disorder that affects many professional crisis workers who are repeatedly exposed to human pain and destructiveness; (2) ways human resource development (HRD) professionals can assess vicarious traumatization in crisis...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjustment (to Environment), Counselors, Definitions, Developing Nations, Emergency...
This document contains 13 presentations/discussion summaries and 10 supporting 'thesis' papers from a symposium on selected issues in human resources development (HRD) in Europe. The following summaries are included: "Introduction" (Sabine Manning); "Developing Flexibility in Pursuit of Competitiveness" (Nick Boreham); "Competence and Learning in Late Career" (Leif Lahn); "Professionals as Flexible Workers or Portfolio People" (Graham Guest); "Notion...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Learning, Career Development, Competence, Conferences, Developed Nations,...
Critical and situated thinking in the respiratory care profession were examined through an exploratory factor analysis of the critical thinking behaviors of a sample of 868 respiratory therapists. The respiratory therapists completed a survey instrument containing 44-questions related to how well particular critical thinking behaviors are performed. The questions sought information on the following seven factors involved in critical thinking: prioritizing, anticipating, troubleshooting,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Occupations, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Communication...
Data from the 1811 and 1851 census in England and Wales as well as other data from those countries in 1891 and 1921 were analyzed to investigate individuals' timing and extent of departure from the parental home. The authors found the following: (1) there was a gradual increase in the ages at which children left the parental home; (2) the pace of departure became more rapid over the entire period studied for males, although for females, the pace was increased in the twentieth century; (3) there...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adolescents, Biographies, Cohort Analysis, Demography, Employment Patterns, Entry...
Too often career counselors hear of, or work with, unemployed or underemployed foreign trained immigrant professionals. With the globalization of economy and shortages in skilled labor in Canada, the number of immigrant professionals is on the rise. It is becoming clear that services and programs are necessary to assist such individuals to ensure their contribution to the economy and smooth transition into a new country. However, the traditional job search and career development programs do not...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Counseling, Counseling Techniques, Employment Services, Immigrants, Job Search...
The gold-collar worker has problem-solving abilities, creativity, talent, and intelligence; performs non-repetitive and complex work difficult to evaluate; and prefers self management. Gold-collar information technology workers learn continually from experience; recognize the synergy of teams; can demonstrate leadership; and are strategic thinkers who see the big picture and can change strategic directions when necessary. Where business and science intersect, the basic focus of the gold-collar...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Bachelors Degrees, Delivery Systems, Employee Responsibility,...
The success of German firms' searches for qualified personnel to fill openings in skilled occupations was examined through a statistical analysis of data from the Institut fur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit's (IAB) establishment panel for 2000. An employer search model was used to explain the current German debate surrounding the additional demand for skilled labor. In the theoretical approach adopted, firms decided to use an optimal strategy for searching for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Demand Occupations, Employment Practices, Employment Qualifications, Foreign...
Surveys were mailed to all nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs) and certified nurse midwives (CNMs) registered in California, asking questions about education, labor force participation, specialty, and location and type of practice site, as well as the demographic characteristics of these professionals and their patients. Response rates for each of the three professions (66 percent of 7,341 NPs, 57 percent of 2,938 PAs, and 70 percent of 859 CNMs) were sufficient to provide a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Demography, Employment Patterns, Employment Practices, Females, Health...
This guide was developed to assist states in addressing the national workforce development objectives for the health professions and for employees of public health agencies in order to achieve the National Healthy People 2010 workforce objectives. The guide is organized in four sections. The opening section is a "how to" resource for planners. It provides seven strategy options for including workforce objectives in state Healthy People or other health plans. Two following sections...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adults, Competence, Futures (of Society), Government Role, Guides, Health Behavior,...
The key characteristics, representation, and salaries of women in management versus those of their male counterparts were examined through an analysis of Current Population Survey data collected in March 1995 and 2000. The study focused on the following 10 industries: communications; public administration; business and repair services; entertainment and recreation services; other professional services; educational services; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; hospitals and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communications, Comparative Analysis, Educational Attainment, Employed Women,...
