One of six student guidebooks in a series of 11 arts and humanities career exploration guides for grade 7-12 teachers, counselors, and students, this student book on exploration of humanities careers presents career information on 13 specific occupational areas: (1) Educators, (2) Historians and Archivists, (3) Anthropologists, (4) Economists, (5) Geographers, (6) Political Scientists, (7) Sociologists, (8) Language Occupations, (9) Lawyers, Judges, Paralegals, Legal Secretaries, and Court...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Exploration, Economics, Education, Geography, History, Humanities,...
A brief introduction is given to the bibliography, which contains 263 citations and 162 original abstracts of articles on the topic of women dentists. The citations cover the period of 1865-1977, and include some from popular publications. The majority are from professional and scientific journals and books. (MSE)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, Dentistry, Dentists, Females, Health Occupations, Health...
This document is the final technical report of a study concerned with career transitions of women in professional occupations. The report was written to examine: (1) distinctive factors in women's career development related to their occupational concentration in typically female occupations; (2) midlife career transitions in general and in selected typically female occupations; (3) alternative career transition types and their consequences; (4) future trends in the female labor force; and (5)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Change, Career Development, Emerging Occupations, Employed Women, Employment...
The booklet presents (1) a bibliography of approximately 660 references to literature about sex discrimination in the labor market and (2) an expository review of recent research about male/female differences in earnings and occupational assignments. The bibliography is divided into 12 content categories. These include earnings of women workers, occupations of women workers (professional, clerical, blue collar, and service), unemployment among women, unionism, attitudes of and toward working...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bibliographies, Blue Collar Occupations, Clerical Occupations, Employed Women,...
TO EXAMINE A NUMBER OF STEREOTYPES AND IMPRESSIONS HELD BY SOCIAL SCIENTISTS ABOUT DIFFERENCES IN RURAL-URBAN ATTITUDES, THIS RESEARCH ANALYZED THE RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS FROM 20 NATIONAL OPINION POLLS CONDUCTED BY THE GALLUP ORGANIZATION AND THE NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER FROM 1953 TO 1965. COMPARISONS WERE MADE BETWEEN THE RESPONSES OF FARMERS AND ADULT MEMBERS OF FARMERS' HOUSEHOLDS, AND FOUR LEVELS OF NONAGRICULTURAL WORKERS AND ADULT MEMBERS OF NONAGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS--UPPER AND...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitudes, Blue Collar Occupations, Comparative Analysis, Farmers, Professional...
The condition of the academic profession today is examined with a focus on the teaching and research functions in the academy. The diverse settings in which academics work are considered in three parts: (1) the foundations of the academic profession (the evolution of institutions; the elaboration of disciplines; and the open system); (2) the dimensions of academic professionalism (the imperatives of academic work; the enclosures of culture; the grip of authority; the promises of career; and the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Careers, College Faculty, Culture, Higher Education, Institutional Characteristics,...
This report provides data on occupational outcomes (type of occupation, unemployed, and not in the labor force) as of February, 1978, by major field of study for persons who received bachelor's degrees during the July 1, 1976-June 30, 1977, school year. Section 1 presents findings that summarize the occupational outcome data by major field of study. Since certain fields and occupations tend to attract members of one sex more than the other, occupational outcome is examined separately for males...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bachelors Degrees, Clerical Occupations, College Graduates, Demand Occupations,...
The description of the conference of the American Speech and Hearing Association is introduced by a discussion of the background and procedures used in the conference. The general areas dealt with in the discussions were the necessary skills and knowledge of speech pathologists and audiologists, the improvement of professional education curricula, and methods of determining professional competency. Group discussions summarized cover education at the B.A. level, more flexible undergraduate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Personnel, Audiology, College Curriculum, College Programs,...
A guide to skilled occupations presents information on 30 occupations in narrative form. It is designed for students to use in career planning. For each occupation, the narrator describes, in conversational, first person form, the job, working conditions, necessary qualifications and personal characteristics, related school subjects, and opportunities for advancement and mobility. The occupations include: airline ticket agent, aquatic biologist, accountant, book editor, briefing attorney,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Awareness, Employment Qualifications, Occupational Information, Occupational...
THE JOB CONTENT OF THE TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS AND THE TECHNICAL SKILLS AND SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGES REQUIRED ARE BASED PRIMARILY ON INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY EMPLOYERS FROM 17,414 ESTABLISHMENTS IN NEW YORK STATE. DATA ARE ALSO GIVEN ON GRADE STRUCTURE, EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS, TESTS AND LICENSES REQUIRED FOR THE JOB, SOURCES OF QUALIFIED WORKERS, AND PROMOTIONAL LINES. THE OCCUPATIONS ARE -- (1) DRAFTSMEN, (2) STRUCTURAL DESIGN TECHNICIANS, (3) ELECTRO AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Educational Background, Educational Needs, Employment Experience,...
GROUPS OF TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS ARE COMPARED IN TERMS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT, SOURCE OF WORKERS, AND EDUCATIONAL AND EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS. SURVEY FINDINGS ARE GIVEN FOR EMPLOYER TRAINING PROGRAMS AND EMPLOYER VIEWS AND POLICIES ON THE UTILIZATION OF TECHNICIANS. THE SURVEY DATA WERE DERIVED FROM A SAMPLE OF 17,414 ESTABLISHMENTS LOCATED IN NEW YORK STATE, WHICH ACCOUNTED FOR 50.4 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT OF ALL BUSINESSES, EXCLUSIVE OF AGRICULTURE, DOMESTIC SERVICE, THE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Graduates, Educational Background, Educational Needs, Educational Programs,...
The purpose of this assessment is to update earlier surveys of Italian sociology, particularly in terms of developments within the past 10 to 15 years--and again, to offer primarily an American perspective on such an overview. The present assessment differs in that many of the data upon which it is based are derived from informal study conducted during a two-year period. This study involved on-the-spot visits to universities, research agencies, publishing houses, library inspections, and a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Faculty, College Students, Data Collection, Employment Opportunities,...
This manuscript is one of a series of reports on activities supported by the Ford Foundation. Under a recently adopted policy the foundation has expanded its concern for women's rights to include affirmative action considerations in grant-making negotiations. Among the factors now weighed when assessing grant applications are the opportunities that prospective grantee organizations provide to minorities and women, and the scope of their efforts to correct any inequities. After nearly a year of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Civil Liberties, Educational Needs, Employed Women, Females, Grants, Opportunities,...
The recession that began in December of 2007 is already 30 months old, but the U.S. economy will not recover its pre-recession employment levels for at least another two years. From there, it will take an additional three years to make up for lost growth and create a job market strong enough to employ both the casualties of the recession and the millions of new workers who will stream into the workforce from schools across the country. In this report, the authors look at the current state of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Projections, Job Development, Employment Opportunities, Employment...
THE 53 TABLES OF DATA COLLECTED FROM A SURVEY OF 17,414 ESTABLISHMENTS IN NEW YORK INCLUDE (1) NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS WITH TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS AND WITH ENGINEERS OR SCIENTISTS, BY INDUSTRY GROUP (INCLUDING NUMBER OF WORKERS THEY EMPLOY, NUMBER IN TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS, AND NUMBER WHO ARE ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS), (2) NUMBER IN HOURLY-RATED AND IN SALARIED TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS AND NUMBER EARNING LESS THAN TWO DOLLARS AN HOUR OR $75 A WEEK, BY OCCUPATIONAL GROUP, (3) NUMBER IN EACH DETAILED...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Background, Educational Needs, Educational Programs, Employment...
Based on data compiled from the latest U.S. Census "Survey of Income and Employment" (March 1987), this report compares the average annual earnings of teachers to the average annual earnings of college graduates in full-time, salaried, non-teaching positions in the six states served by the Southeastern Educational Improvement Laboratory. This report is the fourth in a series of annual analyses of earnings opportunities for college graduates in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Graduates, Comparative Analysis, Elementary Secondary Education, Professional...
The conference objectives were to review the forces that are changing manpower needs and to seek ways of staffing medical laboratories more effectively. Seven aspects of the problem were treated: (1) need for detailed analysis of personnel needs (2) effects of technology and automation on laboratory practices, (3) attracting, educating, and retaining qualified personnel, (4) achievement of higher-quality education and training, (5) ways of keeping up to date, (6) career mobility and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Occupations, Labor Force Development, Medical Laboratory Assistants,...
This document provides an overview of the gender distribution of ICT and ICT-related employment in OECD countries, and ICT employment patterns are contrasted with overall employment to highlight differences. The authors discuss participation in ICT-related education and training, and differences in ICT access and use by gender. Overall, participation rates of women in employment tend to be significantly lower than those for men, although their labour market participation is increasing in most...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Professional Occupations, Females, Employment Patterns, Labor Market, Computer...
This document describes major characteristics of 11,638 psychologists in the 1966 National Science Foundation's Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel who identified their positions as being related to the field of mental health. They make up 61.2 percent of all psychologists in the Register. Findings include: (1) The median age is 41, (2) The median years of professional experience is 12, (3) Two-thirds hold the doctoral, one-third the master's degree, and (4) Three-quarters are men,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Background, Employers, Geographic Distribution, Income, Individual...
Issues concerning the professional development of university administrators in Australia are discussed, including the lack of a body of knowledge about university administration; the need for a well-defined level of expertise, theory supporting administration's role, and political pressures for professionalization; and resistance to change. A slow and inconsistent trend toward professionalization is discerned. (MSE)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Administrator Qualifications, Administrator Role, Change...
This annual publication provides a summary of training activity in apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia, including information on training rates, completion rates, attrition rates, training within the trades and duration of training. The figures in this publication are derived from the National Apprentice and Trainee Collection no.63 (March 2010 estimates), which is compiled under the Australian Vocational Education and Training Management Information Statistical Standard (AVETMISS)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Vocational Education, Trainees, Apprenticeships, Statistical Data,...
This guide, which was developed for Idaho middle and junior high school teachers, provides a framework for developing hands-on curricula that will acquaint students with concepts and activities common to a wide range of occupations. Presented after a brief introduction explaining the rationale for a curriculum based on career pathways are a curriculum framework and brief discussions of staffing and delivery options. The remainder of the guide consists of six sections that each contain the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Art, Blue Collar Occupations, Career Education, Classroom Techniques, Clerical...
This research study began as an attempt to discover the extent of professionalism and variables (individual, community, school, etc.) related to it among public school teachers. Preliminary analysis of survey data gathered from 3189 undergraduate college students and 9688 public school teachers indicated few relationships of any of the independent study variables to professionalism, and weak interrelations among the different aspects of professionalism. (Most of the related negative results are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Attitudes, Administrator Role, Career Planning, Education Majors, Goal...
This document contains two papers from a symposium on learning on the job. "Professional Crisis Workers: Impact of Repeated Exposure to Human Pain and Destructiveness" (Lynn Atkinson-Tovar) examines the following topics: (1) the secondary and vicarious traumatic stress disorder that affects many professional crisis workers who are repeatedly exposed to human pain and destructiveness; (2) ways human resource development (HRD) professionals can assess vicarious traumatization in crisis...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjustment (to Environment), Counselors, Definitions, Developing Nations, Emergency...
This workshop discussion paper addresses the issue of professionalism in school-age care. After explaining that "professionalism" means different things to different people and offering a brief history of professionalism, the paper provides a working definition of a professional: Someone who operates out of a theory base, someone who not only knows what to do, but why. Differences between professionals and paraprofessionals are illustrated through a brief example. The paper outlines...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Caregiver Attitudes, Caregiver Role, Child Caregivers, Elementary Education,...
Drug abuse is a serious problem in today's work force. It is found in every occupation, from the entry-level employee to the chief executive officer. Among health care professionals alcohol is the number-one substance abused, prescription drugs are second, and cocaine is third. Substance abuse among health-care professionals in Rutherford, Tennessee and surrounding counties was investigated in this study. There were 1,817 subjects surveyed by mail. Each subject received a questionnaire and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Personnel, Health Occupations, Health Personnel, Incidence, Physical...
This report, prepared by the Association of University Programs in Hospital Administration (AUPHA), presents recommendations for increasing the representation of minorities in hospital and health-care administration careers on a nationwide basis. A short-term objective is to increase the representation of minorities in graduate degree programs from the present 3.3 percent to 12 percent in 1976. Major emphasis will be placed on the recruitment and retention of minority group students in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrators, Financial Support, Graduate Study, Health Services, Hospitals,...
The leadership substitutes hypothesis has been used to explain the occasional successes and frequent failures of leadership predictions. Three hypotheses were formulated to test the viability of the leadership substitutes concepts. Questionnaires were administered to hospital managers (N=63) and engineers (N=71). Instrumental and supportive leader behaviors were defined by scales developed specifically for hypothesis-testing with the Path-Goal Theory. Potential substitutes for leadership were...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitudes, Correlation, Evaluation Methods, Interpersonal Relationship, Job...
A causal framework was used to explore factors that influence the enrollment of four-year college students in the hard and technical sciences (math, science, engineering) and the professions (pre-law, medicine, dentistry). The factors studied were family status, standardized test performance, high school rank, educational expectations, high school math and science preparation, college characteristics, and college grades. The National Longitudinal Survey of the High School Class of 1972 was the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Career Choice, Career Education, College Bound Students, Females, High Schools,...
Shortages in the trades are again becoming a prominent issue as Australia emerges from the Global Financial Crisis. The existence of shortages puts the immediate focus on the apparent inability of the training system to supply sufficient skilled tradespersons, but shortages in an occupation are as much related to the rate at which individuals leave the occupation as the rate at which the occupation attracts new entrants. Hence, this paper which focuses on attrition in the trades, using...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Labor Turnover, Skilled Occupations, Professional Occupations, Occupational Mobility,...
The success of German firms' searches for qualified personnel to fill openings in skilled occupations was examined through a statistical analysis of data from the Institut fur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit's (IAB) establishment panel for 2000. An employer search model was used to explain the current German debate surrounding the additional demand for skilled labor. In the theoretical approach adopted, firms decided to use an optimal strategy for searching for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Demand Occupations, Employment Practices, Employment Qualifications, Foreign...
The program Performance Evaluation for Non-Teaching Professionals at the State University of New York Institute of Technology at Utica/Rome provides periodic assessments as required by institutional policy. The system is intended to establish a standard for judging quality of an employee's work and a rational and uniform basis for appraising performance, with the further objective of facilitating performance improvement, reevaluation of job functions, reappointment decisions, and promotions and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavioral Objectives, Due Process, Employer Employee Relationship, Evaluation...
This report is one of seven that identify major new and emerging technological advances expected to influence major vocational education program areas and to describe the programmatic implications in terms of skill-knowledge requirements, occupations most directly affected, and the anticipated diffusion rate. Chapter 1 considers technology as process, the relation of technology and productivity, and technology as the arbitrator of work. The first of three sections in chapter 2 presents the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Occupations, Allied Health Occupations Education, Databases, Diffusion...
Differences between the earnings of men and women suggest that women are being paid less for doing the same job. Factors that attribute to the wage differences are (1) women are concentrated in those occupations which are less skilled and in which wages are relatively low, (2) women working on full-time schedules tend to work less overtime than men, (3) although women are as well educated as their male counterparts in terms of median years of schooling completed, there are differences in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Educational Background, Females, Income, Males, Occupations,...
A research project is described whose three major purposes were (1) to use data from the 1970 "Census of Population" to update, validate, and reinforce the findings of the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) studies made for the Negro Employment in the South (NES) Project. (The scope of those studies covered seven major southern SMSA's--Atlanta, Birmingham, Houston, Louisville, Memphis, Miami, and New Orleans--and sought to determine and analyze the patterns of black...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Employment, Census Figures, Comparative Analysis, Educational Experience,...
This article presents gender perspectives on the formation of the preschool teacher and the formation of a domain for education and child rearing of young children, commenting on the designation of the professional field of education as "female territory." The report uses the results from two Swedish studies: the first dealing with the period from 1900-1945 and the development of the new profession for caring and education along with its significance as a starting point for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Care Occupations, Child Caregivers, Child Rearing, Content Analysis,...
The number of highly skilled Africans leaving their country of origin, many with PhDs, has reached disturbing proportions. Meanwhile, Africa spends billions per year to fill the capacity gaps that are created by the exodus of the highly skilled. In Africa, Ethiopia ranked first in terms of rate of loss of human capital. Many African governments are unable to match salaries or offer incentives to draw the highly skilled to return home in this context. The article focuses on the knowledge...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Foreign Countries, Brain Drain, Human Capital, Developing Nations, Migration...
A large amount of professional interest has been focused upon the ambiguities and problems involved in the conduct of professional licensing and certification through examinations. What seems to be a simple problem on the surface, that being the policing of professionals for competence and the practice of conducting this policing so that it offers equal fairness to all, turns out to be a very complex problem involving unresolved conceptual, legal, and methodological issues particularly with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Nurses, Performance Tests, Predictive Validity, Professional...
At an employer's request, a course was developed to improve the speech skills, and remediate fossilized speech, of six Asian engineers and scientists. All had spoken English for many years, and averaged 10 years of residence in the United States. These students were recorded reading a dialogue as well as in free speech. A needs assessment was performed by analyzing the recordings and by tests of grammar and listening comprehension. Based on the results, instruction focused on developing more...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Techniques, Engineers, English (Second Language), Foreign Nationals,...
Designed to help organizations interested in expanding job options for women to plan and hold a community-based conference on nontraditional jobs, this guide outlines basic steps in planning, provides information about successful programs, and makes suggestions about how to deal with the mechanics of a conference. Following an introduction which presents the barriers to and advantages of nontraditional employment for women, a section on preliminary planning discusses the conference coordinator,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Guides, Affirmative Action, Career Development, Career Opportunities,...
This report discusses the need for program accreditation and licensure in allied health fields, and in particular, addresses two issues: (1) an attempt by the American Physical Therapy Association to increase the entry-level standards for physical therapy education without achieving consensus; and (2) the attempt to reduce entry-level standards for dental hygienists by sources outside the profession, again with no attempt to achieve consensus. It is noted that the system of educational program...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Accreditation (Institutions), Allied Health Occupations...
The American Association of University Professors is regarded as the authoritative voice of the academic profession. This document presents a wide range of policies as they have been determined by the Association through the years. The policies described concern academic freedom, tenure, and due process including procedural standards in faculty dismissal proceedings, renewal or nonrenewal of appointments, discrimination, tenure quotas, and mandatory retirement; college and university government...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Freedom, Academic Rank (Professional), Accreditation (Institutions),...
A survey was designed to assist in constructing a picture of new vocational education and training professionals working in organizational settings in Australia. They were practitioners whose positional titles included training and development (T&D), human resource development, or human resource practitioners who work within organizational settings or as consultants to organizations. The subscriber data base for "Managing T&D" was used as a research sample. Of 1,200 surveys...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Developed Nations, Educational Research, Emerging Occupations,...
Possible changes in the involvement of women in psychology in recent years were investigated. The number and distribution of women in psychology was considered, and their participatory activities in the American Psychological Association (APA) were examined. Employment and salaries were investigated, as were the barriers to obtaining a doctoral degree. The results show that the situation for women in psychology may be in a period of transition. There are greater numbers of women in graduate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Affirmative Action, Doctoral Degrees, Employed Women, Employment Patterns, Females,...
Long-range planning to increase the participation of black Americans in higher education and to enhance historically black colleges and universities is addressed. Demographic trends concerning the black population and their representation in higher education are examined along with implications of projections about higher education. Labor market projections are also assessed. Demographic information includes the following: black and white dropouts in selected age groups (16-19, 20-24, and 25-34...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Colleges, Black Students, College Faculty, College Students, Declining...
Data pertaining to some basic aspects of women's participation in selected developing countries are presented in 13 charts, arranged alphabetically by region and country within region. Countries in each of the three major developing regions--Africa, Asia, and Latin America--are included when possible. Each chart presents data for a single topic in the following sequence: age of women, residence, longevity, childhood mortality, age at marriage, marital status, fertility, literacy, school...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Age, Birth Rate, Comparative Analysis, Developing Nations, Educational Status...
One of the suggestions for improving the professional development of school leaders is to adopt some of the practices used in other professional fields. This paper explores three models of professional development traditionally followed in medicine, law, and the Catholic priesthood to assess the extent to which these approaches are likely to improve the preparation of aspiring school administrators. A review of literature for the following areas is presented first: the needs of beginning...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Education, Codes of Ethics, Educational Administration, Graduate Study,...
This article examines the interrelationship between teachers and their work of teaching, as observed in a study conducted in 1969 in Minneapolis and St. Paul, and intended to assess the extent and kind of attachments which secondary school teachers hold for their teaching when the total of life attachments and interactions is taken into account. It aimed to determine whether the global and rather complete dedication which often is assumed to be characteristic of professional occupations...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Job Satisfaction, Professional Occupations, Secondary School Teachers, Teacher...
Data were collected from 213 interviewees to determine their perceptions of how the television program, "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood," serves the affective needs of handicapped children and of professionals who work with them. The interviews included questions about items used to describe the actual and an ideal program, actual and ideal professional roles, personal enjoyment, social desirability, and enjoyment of nonverbal images. The program was found to function closely to the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Media, Exceptional Child Education, Exceptional Child Research,...
This document is the first of two volumes of tables summarizing the data obtained from the Employer Information Reports (EEO-1) for 1978. Figures were obtained from a total of 39,000 employers with 36 million employees. These figures cover about half of all private, non-farm workers, as compared to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' annual average employment statistics. Volume 1 contains two tables. Table 1 relates occupational employment in private industry by race/ethnic group and sex and by...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alaska Natives, American Indians, Asian Americans, Blacks, Clerical Occupations,...
