1
1.0
Oct 20, 2020
10/20
by
Stinson, Joel P
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304 pages : 24 cm
Topics: Operations research -- Problems, exercises, etc, Operations research
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12
Dec 4, 2019
12/19
by
Lehmann, Donald R
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xvi, 879 p. : 24 cm
Topics: Marketing research, Marketing research -- Problems, exercises, etc
Anthropological methodology suggests there may be two difficulties with utilizing evaluations over and above the many outlined in several generations of evaluation utilization literature. The first - "going native" - arises when the evaluator has consciously adopted the value and belief system of those in the program he or she is evaluating. The second problem - ethnocentrism - arises when the evaluator has been sufficiently blinded by his or her own value system that he or she fails...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anthropology, Ethnocentrism, Ethnography, Research Problems, Values
2
2.0
Nov 28, 2019
11/19
by
Krysik, Judy
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x, 157 pages ; 26 cm
Topics: Social service -- Research -- Problems, exercises, etc, Social service -- Research
4
4.0
May 11, 2020
05/20
by
Dempsey, Patricia Ann
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xiii, 245, WB-57 pages : 24 cm
Topics: Nursing -- Research -- Problems, exercises, etc, Nursing -- Research, Nursing Research
Ethnographic methods can be a valuable supplement to our understanding of the limits and possibilities of social science research by addressing the question of subjectivity directly. When ethnographers enter a social situation, they explain themselves and participants see them primarily in the role of fieldworker. But field researchers also have latent roles, such as learner (which may be affected by gender, age, or race), or an identity associated with the setting which has led him or her to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ethnography, Evaluators, Research Problems, Researchers, Role Conflict
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8.0
Dec 12, 2019
12/19
by
Polit, Denise F
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vii, 327 pages ; 24 cm
Topics: Nursing -- Research -- Problems, exercises, etc, Nursing -- Research, Nursing Research
3
3.0
Dec 21, 2020
12/20
by
Schutt, Russell K
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eye 3
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xiv, 217 pages : 24 cm
Topics: Social problems -- Research -- Problems, exercises, etc. -- Handbooks, manuals, etc, Social...
7
7.0
Oct 25, 2019
10/19
by
Wilson, Holly Skodol
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eye 7
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xii, 254 pages ; 24 cm
Topics: Nursing -- Research, Nursing -- Research -- Problems, exercises, etc, Nursing Research
Source: removedNEL
Since 1980, over 70 studies have explored the causes, responses, and consequences of administrative stress. Few studies have used physiological measures to decipher administrative reactions and consequences of stress. This document briefly traces the historical development of stress and reviews various approaches, models, and definitions used in studying stress. In an effort to integrate the various approaches to the study of stress and utilize the salient features of existing stress models, a...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Models, Research Problems, Stress Management, Stress Variables
Since 1972, the issue of human rights protection has grown in complexity and intensity. Congress has passed four laws: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974; Freedom of Information Act, as amended; Privacy Act of 1974; and National Research Act of 1974. From 1971-1980, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (DHEW) and then the Department of Education and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) required that all prospective grantees of federal funds provide assurances...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Federal Legislation, Federal Regulation, Privacy, Research Problems
The University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA) ought to reaffirm its commitment to theoretical research. Research in educational administration during the last twenty years has been applied or practical rather than purely theoretical or scientific. Although there is certainly a place for practical research, theoretical research ought not be neglected. One goal of theoretical research is to develop theory that can explain phenomena. Another goal is to add to the store of knowledge....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Administration, Educational Research, Research Methodology, Research...
Many different techniques have been used to increase response rates to surveys. In this study, Federal Express overnight service was used to test the effectiveness of express mail in stimulating response to a mail survey of 132 physicians. The sample was randomly split into two groups. One group received the initial mailing by Federal Express while the other group received the survey by regular first class mail. The average cost per complete survey for Federal Express was $27.07, and for first...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Physicians, Questionnaires, Research Methodology, Research Problems, Responses,...
Fourteen hundred faculty members in 50 departments were questioned to determine the amount of formal research done each year in the nine Wisconsin State Universities. Responses revealing research productivity by department, amount of research done in teaching-learning (educational), percentage of faculty that do not engage in research because of lack of time, and percentage of faculty that do not engage in research because of lack of funds showed a very high correlation between low research...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Productivity, Research Problems, Holman, Paul Cameron
Aggregation of data is, by definition, an obscuring of details for the sake of achieving a summary. It is, therefore, potentially harmful to accuracy. Attention should be given to the aggregation that scores undergo prior to statistical tests. Two familiar research designs where this is important are a) in two groups/one measure cases, and b) in two groups/pre-post measurement cases. Another problem for researchers develops when incomplete and missing data are encountered for identification...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Data Analysis, Educational Research, Evaluation Methods, Research Problems
2
2.0
May 9, 2020
05/20
by
Polit, Denise F
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viii, 290 pages :
Topics: Nursing -- Research -- Problems, exercises, etc, Nursing Research -- methods, Nursing -- Research
This paper, presented at the Fifth Annual Conference of the Australian Science Education Research Association in 1974, discusses the various strategies for analyzing the data gathered to explore the effect of specific school variables on educational achievement. The discussion centers around the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) strategy of analysis, the use of variance estimates, the use of variation estimates, and the treatment of compound...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Data Analysis, Educational Environment, Research Problems,...
The mood-dependent retrieval hypothesis states that mood will enhance recall by acting as a recall cue if the stimuli have been learned initially in the same mood. Material learned in a happy mood will be best recalled when the person returns to a happy mood; the same holds for a sad mood. Mood-dependent retrieval effect has been regulary demonstrated but has also regularly failed to replicate in a laboratory setting. Relations between mood states, states in general, and memory are not well...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cues, Recall (Psychology), Research Problems, Retention (Psychology), Theories,...
The first part of this report characterizes the many facets of the population problem (including biological, economic, and social aspects), suggests a list of areas in which the Federal Government should emphasize research (reproductive biology; fertility regulation techniques and materials; description, determinants, consequences of population size, distribution, characteristics, and trends; and research on effective implementation of population programs), outlines the interests of Federal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Contraception, Demography, Directories, Population Growth, Research Problems,...
The purpose of this paper is to articulate the common confusion of correlation for causation. Various articles that have addressed this issue are reviewed, and possible reasons for the misinterpretation of correlation as causation are presented. The differences between correlational and experimental research designs are reviewed, and the implications of their findings are discussed. Discrimination between these two research designs is also highlighted in view of the abilities of the designs to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Causal Models, Correlation, Research Design, Research Problems, Devroop, Karendra
A rationale is presented for the systematic evaluation of gifted/talented education programs, citing the consequences of failure to carry out such evaluation. Historically, evaluation of gifted programs was not emphasized, as the evaluation process involved experimental designs, control groups, and parametric statistics which could only be understood by select statisticians or experimental psychologists. A new subscience has emerged which focuses not only on student outcomes but also on program...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Secondary Education, Gifted, Program Evaluation, Research Problems, Talent
Message processing literature could conceptualize process in one of two distinct ways: a single over-time process as described by J. N. Cappella, versus several processes as described by D. K. Berlo. An examination of literature finds that theories are based on both forms of these over-time processes. However, operationalization rarely measures either type of process over time. That is, process approaches are more common in theory than in measurement. A breakdown of the dimensions of time...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Higher Education, Research Methodology, Research Problems,...
Research techniques that were used during the last 20 years to examine the homeless were investigated to identify the types of homeless people studied and the advantages/limitations of various research strategies. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) review and critique the type of data collected and the research methods used by investigators to study the homeless; (2) determine how homelessness had been defined and operationalized, and which subgroups of the homeless population...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Data Collection, Demography, Research Methodology, Research Problems, Research Reports
This report presents and motivates the theoretical frame of reference and choice of research strategies and methods in a project on research planning. It contains (1) a theoretical model and (2) empirical data concerning the initial phase of the research process. A model, based on principles of general systems theory and a psychology of information, is described and the design of an interview study and its realization is reported. Problems of data processing and data analysis are discussed. A...
Topics: research problems, structuring, perception evaluation, policy, descriptive statistics, general...
Activities of the Teacher Corps'"Corps Member Training Institute" (CMTI) were studied to illustrate methods of inquiry which can be adapted to the study of teacher training events to capture some of the reality of these events. For the CMTI, a Study Team was mandated to demonstrate the impact of the Institute (identify, document, judge, and communicate features). The Study Team interpreted this mandate to mean demonstrate the salient features in an evolving, interactive, teacher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Research Design, Research Methodology, Research Problems,...
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29
Oct 17, 2012
10/12
by
Theodore C. Wagenaar
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Topics: Social sciences -- Research -- Problems, exercises, etc., Social sciences -- Methodology --...
Source: removedNEL
1
1.0
Jul 23, 2020
07/20
by
Rose-Grippa, Myra Kathleen
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xii, 221 pages : 24 cm
Topics: Nursing -- Research -- Problems, exercises, etc, Nursing Research, Soins infirmiers -- Recherche,...
Too often researchers rely upon the classical normal theory parametric tests to analyze non-normal data, even though the tests may not be robust to violations of that assumption. Fligner's class of two-sample tests for scale is an important development because the test is distribution-free and has desirable properties. This paper outlines the development of the k-sample extension of the two-sample Fligner class of tests, based upon the generalized Puri model. Assuming rejection of the null...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Hypothesis Testing, Nonparametric Statistics, Research Problems, Statistical...
The most important problem in psychology and the social sciences today is the failure to produce cumulative knowledge. This situation has led many to conclude that cumulative knowledge and general principles and theories may be impossible to establish in psychology, a conclusion suggesting that psychology can never be a science--only at best a technology producing answers limited in their applicability to specific situations. This notion has contributed to reductions in funding for research....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Meta Analysis, Psychology, Research Methodology, Research Problems, Social Science...
The issue of problem awareness and problem definition is discussed in this occasional paper. It is proposed that a problem can be defined as one of four instances of indeterminancy: anomaly, unverified fact, uncharted area, or conflicting evidence; further, for each of these categories, three levels of problems are seen to exist: (1) what variables are involved; (2) what is their nature; and (3) what are their cause/effect relationships. Three techniques are explained for delineating problems:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Concept Formation, Concept Teaching, Educational Research, Fundamental Concepts,...
Integrative analysis, or what is coming to be known as meta-analysis, is the integration of the findings of many empirical research studies of a topic. Meta-analysis differs from traditional narrative forms of research reviewing in that it is more quantitative and statistical. Thus, the methods of meta-analysis are merely statistical methods, suitably adapted in many instances, that are applicable to the job of integrating findings from many studies. A meta-analysis involves about a half-dozen...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Data Analysis, Literature Reviews, Research Methodology, Research Problems,...
Meta-analysis does not solve all the problems encountered in qualitative research reviews, but it holds out some hope for increasing the reliability and dependability of a reviewer's conclusions. Several developments in meta-analysis are cause for optimism. First, different meta-analysts are doing work in the same areas, leading to increased confidence in meta-analytic results. Second, meta-analysts are beginning to include their raw data in their reports, helping readers to pinpoint the exact...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Trends, Meta Analysis, Research Methodology, Research Problems,...
There is no more fundamental right in our system than the right of privacy--the right to be let alone. Current trends lead to a major assault on this right, and one of the great tests of the viability of our system is its ability to preserve this right in the face of increasing complexity and increasing needs for control. As part of the scientific community, educational researchers contribute to the assault on privacy; and it is part of their responsibility to counter this movement and to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Civil Liberties, Educational Legislation, Educational Research, Research Needs,...
This paper presents three different ways of computing the internal consistency coefficient alpha for a same set of data. The main objective of the paper is the illustration of a method for maximizing coefficient alpha. The maximization of alpha can be achieved with the aid of a principal component analysis. The relation between alpha max. and the first eigenvalue of a principal component analysis is presented. Alpha reaches its optimum value for a given set of items when each standardized item...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Research Methodology, Research Problems, Statistical Analysis, Test Items, Test...
A number of recommendations are set forth with the purpose of moving toward greater comparability of research results and more efficient accumulation of knowledge. These recommendations include more precise definitions of variables and samples, the inclusion of marker variables, and a review of the literature to plan alignment of new studies with old. Each of these recommendations is worthy of consideration and balanced implementation. Balanced implementation is the key, however. Excessive zeal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Research Design, Research Methodology, Research Needs, Research...
An analysis of four foundational issues in the study of moral development is provided. The four issues involve: (1) the definition of morality; (2) individual or cultural moral variation; (3) moral ontogeny; and (4) moral epistemology. The first section of the paper describes each issue. The second section is based on the argument that the four issues can be combined in six paired combinations, four of which often result in confusions or conflations in the theoretical and empirical research...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Differences, Definitions, Epistemology, Individual Differences, Moral...
The primary objective of this paper is to encourage survey researchers not to become overly reliant on the literature for generic solutions to non-response bias problems. In addition, the paper recounts an example of how a non-traditional approach was used to maximize the usefulness of data collected under unusual constraints and with an a priori expectation of a high rate of non-response. The author was charged with testing the ability of the National Science Foundation to conduct a biennial...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Engineers, Immigrants, National Surveys, Research Problems, Scientists, Statistical...
Although research on argumentativeness appears to confirm the centuries-old "commonsense knowledge" that successful arguers enjoy arguing and are adept at remaining "cool and rational" during an argument, the empirical research itself is based on normative assumptions that underlie this Cartesian "commonsense knowledge." Normative judgments have informed the direction of inquiry and the results of descriptive research, which in turn support and extend the original...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Communication Research, Persuasive Discourse, Research Design, Research Problems,...
This paper illustrates the relevance and utility of non-parametric statistical tests, such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test, for analysis of developmental phenomena. This statistic tests the null hypothesis that two samples have been drawn from the same population by comparing their whole distributions, rather than specific parameters and makes no assumptions about their shapes. This comparison allows one to test the assumption that the groups are similar on the pretest. The same test...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developmental Stages, Nonparametric Statistics, Research Methodology, Research...
3
3.0
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ix, 211 pages : 24 cm +
Topics: Nursing -- Research -- Problems, exercises, etc, Nursing -- Programmed instruction, Nursing...
In response to a Congressional request, the General Accounting Office (GAO) investigated drug use measurement by reporting the drug use patterns of targeted groups in three nationally prominent drug studies, assessing the methodological strengths and limitations of the studies, and developing recommendations for the improvement of drug prevalence estimates. The GAO examined the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA), the High School Senior Survey (HSSS), and the Drug Use Forecasting...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Drug Use, Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Methods, Incidence, Research Methodology,...
During the last 15 years, there has been a steady increase in the popularity and sophistication of the confirmatory factor analysis approach to multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) data. However, important problems exist, the most serious being the ill-defined solutions that plague MTMM studies and the assumption that so-called method factors primarily reflect the influence of method effects. In three different MTMM studies--by T. M. Ostrom (1969), B. M. Byrne and R. J. Shavelson (1986), and H. W....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Construct Validity, Factor Analysis, Multitrait Multimethod Techniques, Research...
Qualitative research methodologies employed by the Center for the Study of Evaluation (CSE) Evaluation Use Project over the last six years are reviewed. The report is neither a paean to qualitative methods nor an attack upon them. It represents a self-examination by CSE of its attempts to apply qualitative techniques to an important, and reasonably complex, educational research problem: the study of evaluation information use in local schools. All of these qualitative methodologies have proven...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Field Studies, Interviews, Research Methodology, Research Problems,...
This paper describes issues in early childhood education that were most pressing 5, 10, 15, and 20 years ago, indicates whether these have been resolved, and outlines issues now considered urgent. In 1967, the most salient issues were the following: How important is early childhood for education? When should early education begin? Can early education compensate for childhood experiences at home? Are the effects of early education permanent? In 1972, the central issue was what kind of early...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Early Childhood Education, Educational History, Educational Trends, Research Needs,...
This study, done in England and Wales, was a first step in developing a model or set of models for describing processes by which agricultural research findings are put into practice. It was decided that the model should be based on actual instances of transmission and use of research. Models by the author and by others were used in developing descriptive statements. Because of the nature of the source models, three categories (events, process, and decision) were used. Interviews were either...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agricultural Education, Models, Research Problems, Research Utilization, Rural...
Three network studies in education are reviewed in order to assess the current "state of the art." New directions for developing social network analysis (SNA) in education, based upon experiences from a study of school-community relations in Pontiac, Michigan, are suggested. One concern for the future of SNA stems from the elevation of distrust among participants in a turbulent environment such as Pontiac's. As a result, the kinds of reflective questions that are posed by network...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Environment, Networks, Research Problems, School Community Relationship,...
The absence of firm knowledge about the nonintellectual activities of college students requires that care be taken about the information sources accepted and the way in which such information is phrased. A longitudinal study, conducted on the University of Wisconsin Madison campus on the nonintellectual factors in academic success, seeks to discover a broad array of information on self-identified personality characteristics, values, work orientation, expectation for the future, and experience...
Topics: ERIC Archive, College Students, Drug Abuse, Research Problems, Student Problems, Borgatta, Edgar F.
Recent research indicates that low income adults and infants in the United States are more likely to be overweight than undernourished. Very possibly, the assumptions upon which food supplement programs are based are ill-founded. While many of the currently operating broadly conceived supplemental food programs achieve desirable collateral benefits, they may prove to be stop-gap measures that are less important than other steps that should be taken to ensure the health, well-being and future...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Food Standards, Health Programs, Nutrition, Public Policy, Research Needs, Research...
Noting that there is growing interest in systematic, ethnographic studies of mass media and their primary audiences (families), this paper seeks to encourage additional ethnographic study of audience behavior by discussing some theoretical concerns that bear on the qualitative research enterprise. To do this, the paper first introduces a variety of perspectives that can be used to guide ethnographic research. It then discusses three of these perspectives--communication rules, the interpretive...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Audiences, Behavior Patterns, Ethnography, Mass Media, Research Methodology, Research...
This panel's goal was to improve the validity and utility of measurement, design, and analysis in research on teaching through the stimulation of new methodological knowledge and through the identification and translation of useful existing knowledge from other descriptions. This panel tried to identify as many methodological problems as possible which limit the productivity of research on teaching, and then adopted four "approaches" which it believed to be solutions that encompass...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Research, Measurement Techniques, Research Design, Research Methodology,...
