Low-income status was the lot of 26% of open-country residents over 15 years of age in the East North Central States, a 1967 sample survey showed. Many residents were unprepared to compete in today's labor market. Of those with low income, 37% had no economic potential because of age (over 65) or disability and needed some form of income maintenance to alleviate poverty. Of those considered to have economic potential, 20% could expect to escape poverty through job retraining. If 2 or more...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Job Training, Occupational Mobility, Poverty, Retraining, Rural Family, Konyha,...
This publication aims to help families better access services for their disabled children and organize their records for maximum efficiency. The suggestions are designed to help families develop personalized local directories of services for their individualized needs. The four chapters have the following titles: "Guide to Parent Groups,""Guide to Community Services,""Rural Families," and "Record Keeping." (PB)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Information, Community Services, Disabilities, Information Networks,...
The study tested a general hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between amount of experience in an educational-occupational program and level of occupational and educational aspirations. Two other hypotheses were tested: (1) that there is a relationship between general beliefs which tend to affect ability to adapt to urban economic life and the amount of experience in an educational-occupational program and (2) that there is a relationship between level of occupational and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Aspiration, Attitudes, Home Programs, Occupational Aspiration, Research,...
14
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Aug 30, 2013
08/13
by
Lyon, George Ella; Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.); Kentucky Humanities Council, Lexington
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Availability: The University Press of Kentucky, University of Kentucky, 663 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40506-0336 ($3.95)
Topics: Adult Literacy, Instructional Materials, Literacy Education, Paperback Books, Poverty, Reading...
A lack of parent education programs in a rural midwestern county has denied rural families the support, advice, and education a parenting program would provide. Questionnaires were provided to 7 professionals and 13 parents in the county to determine if there was a need for parenting classes. The survey determined a need and concluded that no other classes were available in the area. A packaged parent education program was adopted to allow participation by the entire family and then implemented...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Family Programs, Parent Child Relationship, Parent Education, Parenting Skills,...
Due to isolation, lack of resources, and lack of training, rural health care providers lack the knowledge, skills, and attitude to work effectively with patients experiencing family violence. To address this need, a strategy-reported here-was designed and implemented in order to promote more effective intervention with patients experiencing family violence. The strategy contained three phases: (1) provide brief presentations to various members of the health care community regarding family...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Family Problems, Family Violence, Health Education, Health Personnel, Intervention,...
Both the literature and common beliefs suggest that unemployment increases family stress and child abuse. To test this idea, data were collected on monthly unemployment rate and number of child abuse complaints during 1978-91 in a rural county in the northwestern United States dependent on the lumber industry. Unexpectedly, the data showed that there was a strong negative correlation between unemployment and child abuse. Interviews with 50 families revealed that lumbering activities were...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Abuse, Employment Patterns, Family Life, Leisure Time, Parent Child...
These 13 short stories were written specifically for new adult readers. Each story is narrated by a fictional character from Appalachia. The words are relatively simple and the texts are printed in large-print type. The book, produced for Kentucky literacy programs, has "choices" as its theme. Each story deals with an important decision the teller has confronted, often involving marriage, family life, or work. Some of the stories are comical, others are sad. Almost all of them are...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Literacy, Instructional Materials, Literacy Education, Paperback Books,...
A study examined a proposed family process model that links family financial resources to academic competence and socioemotional adjustment during early adolescence. Subjects were 90 9-to-12-year-old African American youths and their married parents, all of whom lived in the rural southeastern United States. The theoretical constructs in the model were measured via a multimethod, multi-informant design. Rural African American community members participated in the development of the self-report...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Blacks, Child Rearing, Financial Problems, Intermediate Grades, Models, Parent Child...
A field study was conducted with a cross-section of the population in rural and urban Canadian regions to discover whether people were performing economic activities of significance to their well-being that differ from those society usually acknowledges as being economic in nature. In both rural and urban areas, the economy was viewed as being composed of formal (domestic) and informal (community) factions. Family networking and a mutual social support system were found to be essential...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Daily Living Skills, Economic Change, Family Life, Foreign Countries, Group...
Family solidarity runs strong in Appalachia, where young adults typically settle near their parents in kin-based rural neighborhoods. One child rearing practice that may contribute to this closeness is parent-child co-sleeping. Interviews with 107 mothers in eastern Kentucky focused on the sleeping location history of one child. Most subjects were working-class housewives with high school educations, living in nuclear family households of two adults and two children. The children had a mean age...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Appalachian Studies, Attachment Behavior, Child Rearing, Family Life, Intimacy,...
In this document, the use of medical services by families and individuals in 4 rural communities of south central Missouri is examined. The first section of the document provides a general description of medical-service usage and relates this to several socioeconomic variables. The other 2 sections consider the use of different professional types of practitioners and the more complex patterns of health-service use. Data were gathered in 951 personal interviews--which were generally with female...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Health Services, Medical Services, Physicians, Professional Personnel, Rural Areas,...
The United States formalized its cooperative national support program for agricultural extension in 1941. The hope was to increase agricultural production and to help maintain a rural way of life in the United States. The Cooperative Extension Service was unable to strike a balance between these two goals, emphasizing increased production to such a degree that Extension merely added a further impetus to the trend toward corporate farming. The main accomplishment of Agricultural Extension was...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agricultural Production, Automation, Farm Management, Federal Legislation, History,...
The developing child and his/her eco-social-cultural context is the focus of study of 28 children ages 0-3 years in the rural area of Cocal, Piaui in Northeast Brazil. Ethnographic methods, naturalistic observations and semi-structured interviews were used to ascertain the physical context (the house and its surroundings), as well as maternal work/breastfeeding routines and their effect on weaning, the child sleeping with or away from the parents at night, the particulars of toilet training in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Breastfeeding, Child Development, Child Rearing, Family Environment, Family Life,...
Home movie: 098165: 1960s California naval family at Marine World and Catalina Island
Topics: 1960s, California, family, home, naval family, Marine World, trained animals, Los Angeles, city...
The past decade has seen a number of studies of how the poverty incidence (the percentage of families below the poverty line) of certain demographic groups changes in response to economic growth. The question of whether regional economic growth trickles down to rural and rural poor families was examined by statistically estimating the relationship between family income change and multicounty regional economic growth for a sample of 669 rural Wisconsin families with white, nonaged, nondisabled...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Change Agents, Economic Development, Employment Opportunities, Family...
SIX BASIC CONCEPTS ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO UNDERSTANDING LIFE STYLES. THEY ARE--(1) THE WIDE VARIATION AMONG THE MEMBERS OF OUR SOCIETY, READILY APPARENT BY VIEWING THE WIDE DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATION, SKILLS, VALUES, AND PHILOSOPHICAL BELIEFS OF THOSE MEMBERS, (2) CONSISTENCY WITHIN OUR SOCIETY, SUBSTANTIATED BY COMPARING BELIEFS AND ATTITUDINAL-BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE PATTERNS REGARDING A GENERAL REFERENT, SUCH AS CHURCHES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, (3) INDEPENDENCE OF REFERENTS, VALIDATED BY AN...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Attitudes, Behavior Patterns, Beliefs, Culture, Family Characteristics, Individual...
This research deals with the legal, social and cultural contexts in which informal adoption of black children by adults takes place in rural south Alabama. A total of 306 parent surrogates were identified, interviewed and compared on the basis of 10 socioeconomic characteristics. Information was also collected on the number of children informally adopted in each house, reasons for the adoption, available alternatives to adoption, length of adoption period designated and circumstances of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adoption, Blacks, Child Welfare, Community Surveys, Family Attitudes, Family...
The focal points of this essay are the population problems in Africa and what the African peoples and governments are doing about them. It is stated cagegorically that a problem does exist. Indicators often used to deny this position are population density and pressure, undeveloped resources, the availability of empty lands, and alleged intrigue by external forces. In the first part of this paper, the author discusses pro-natalist arguments. They are as follows: (1) Africa is underpopulated and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Area Studies, Family Planning, Overpopulation, Political Power, Population Growth,...
The purposes of Southern Regional Project S-48 were to study: (1) educational and vocational goals of rural teenagers; (2) educational and vocational goals that parents hope their teenagers have for themselves; and (3) comparison of above points. Data were obtained from a sample of 388 ninth and tenth graders and their parents selected from 10 schools in 3 geographical areas (East, Middle, and West) in Tennessee. The students were selected on the basis of rural residence and residence in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Educational Objectives, Females, Financial Support, Living...
The study examined the changes in the quality of life of country families in four eastern Kentucky counties between 1960 and 1973. Since quality of life is an abstract concept, the changes were assessed with respect to income, occupation, and level of living. The aim was to assess the changes in both objective and subjective terms as the families in the country areas of the Cumberland Mountains saw them when surveyed in the late spring and early summer of 1973. Surveys were conducted in 1961...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Comparative Analysis, Economic Factors, Family Income, Life...
Accompanying rising affluence has been a gradual, consistent decline in reported levels of happiness. Crime rates, drug addiction, violence, and alienation show widespread dissatisfaction with aspects of life. Quality of life should therefore not be measured solely in terms of material wealth; psychological indicators should also be used. Data collected from 1,630 rural household heads (1,218 white, 369 black, 43 American Indian) in eight Southern states studied the nature of this relationship...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Blacks, Heads of Households, Local Government, Measurement...
This report is designed to present preliminary findings from the first comprehensive study of rural homelessness in the United States. The study was conducted during the first 6 months of 1990, and data were collected from interviews with 921 homeless adults in 21 randomly selected rural counties in Ohio. The sample counties represent 26% of the rural county population in the state. The study was designed to replicate prior research conducted in 1984, thus providing a comparison of the nature...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Data Collection, Economically Disadvantaged, Family Characteristics, Homeless People,...
Poverty affects many rural two-parent families, even with one or both parents working. High suicide rates, increased violence, families separated in order to find work, homelessness, and hunger afflict the rural and small town poor. This document contains testimony from poor and homeless rural people; the director of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; workers in rural health care; and representatives of Head Start, community services, and mental health care. These speakers describe the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Hearings, Homeless People, Hunger, Low Income Groups, Migrant Workers, Poverty Areas,...
The objectives of this study were to develop and analyze social patterns of rural family income in Jackson County, Florida, formulating criteria useful for upgrading living levels for families under different environmental conditions. Datawere collected by interview-type field schedules from all families within selected clusters of households. The schedules were reviewed item by item to locate attributes likely to be significant and those attributes were subjected to statistical significance...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agriculture, Economic Factors, Family Income, Human Resources, Low Income Groups,...
The project was designed to follow up a specific population of young men from a relatively isolated ruralarea of eastern Kentucky who had been out of eighth grade for 10 years. The sample was drawn from enrollment lists for the school year 1949-50, obtained from 11 counties. The objective of the study was to investigate differences between migrant (youths who had moved to areas outside eastern Kentucky) and nonmigrant segments of the population. Conclusions indicated that the social situation...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjustment (to Environment), Family Mobility, Family Relationship, Males, Migration,...
Respite care provides relief or backup emergency care for families of individuals who are developmentally disabled. In sparsely populated rural areas, center-based urban models for service delivery and provider recruitment and training may be inappropriate. Las Cumbres Learning Services has developed a model for provision of respite care services in a large rural area of north-central New Mexico. This report describes elements of this model that could be adapted to other rural areas, including...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Services, Delivery Systems, Developmental Disabilities, Family Caregivers,...
The primary purposes of this study, stemming from Southern Regional Research Project S-44, were (a) to determine if there are any differences in adjustment factors of rural families in low-income areas within the South and (b) to indicate the manner in which the areas are distinctive from one another. The underlying theoretical framework was that adjustment is basically a specific process of social mobility in which a family moves from one level of adjustment to another, with the potentials it...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adjustment (to Environment), Geographic Regions, Low Income Groups, Rural Areas,...
Documentary evidence that Federal spending on human resources development disproportionately favors metropolitan counties over non-metropolitan areas is presented. The first chapter, "What Is Rural America?" focuses on 3 aspects of the rural problem: (1) the problem of definition, (2) the rural population distribution, and (3) the extreme poverty faced by many rural dwellers. Chapter 2 is a study of the distribution of Federal outlays within the U.S. in 1970. It is concluded that...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Capital, Disadvantaged Youth, Discriminatory Legislation, Family Income, Federal...
Fifty low income, rural families living in Dane County, Wisconsin, having school-age children, were studied to obtain information that would be useful for community development work with families in rural areas, and to assess the delivery of social services in rural areas. Characteristics of the poor in Wisconsin and in the United States as a whole are examined. The results from interviews conducted for this study are reported. The rural poor, educational background, employment patterns, use of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Development, Educational Background, Employment Patterns, Interviews, Low...
A sample of 176 Tennessee children and their mothers were studied in 1969 when the children were fifth or sixth graders and again in 1975 when they were eleventh or twelfth graders to determine changes in occupational and educational aspirations and expectations along with possible causes for such changes. Comparison of occupational aspirations and expectations showed that the percentage of students who aspired to professional-technical employment in 1969 had dropped to half that number in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Aspiration, Comparative Analysis, Dropouts, Educational Attitudes, Elementary...
A combined report of the four Regional Rural Development Centers (RRDCs) and their partners focuses on selected outreach and research activities, projects, and accomplishments in fiscal year 1997. The report is organized around five topics identified as key issues for the mid 1990s: (1) improving economic competitiveness, diversity, and adaptability of small or rural communities; (2) linking natural resource industries with community and environmental resources; (3) increasing community...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Development, Economic Development, Economically Disadvantaged, Natural...
A central issue in thinking about the quality of life is the relationship between objective and subjective indicators. A study was conducted to examine the relative importance of objective status indicators, internal referents of life conditions, residential characteristics, and self-esteem on life satisfaction. Socioeconomic status and gender of the respondent were control variables. This study is a secondary data analysis of a longitudinal survey of life plans of youth from rural, low-income...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Size, Life Satisfaction, Low Income Groups, Occupational Aspiration,...
This publication contains case studies based on rural life in northern India. The titles include: (1) "Profiles of Two Indian Rural Settings"; (2) "Visitors View a Village"; (3) "Village Households"; (4) "Agriculture"; (5) "Women's Needs: Health and Nutrition"; (6) "Meal Pattern, Nutrient Intake, Intra-Familial Distribution of Foods, Food Habits, and Taboos"; (7) "Post Harvest Conservation of Food at the Household Level"; (8)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agriculture, Child Development, Developing Nations, Educational Opportunities, Family...
For the most part an analysis of data from the 1960 Census of Population and Housing, this paper compared the employment rates of married farm women with those of married nonfarm women, the employment rates of rural farm women in different kinds of geographic areas, and the effects of a variety of individual characteristics on the employment probability of rural farm wives. The analysis, in part, revealed that rural farm women were employed in large and growing proportions; variations in rural...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anglo Americans, Blacks, Employed Women, Employment Opportunities, Family Income,...
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of socioeconomic variables and selected attitudinal factors to the levels of living of rural families in low income counties in the South. A total of 1,474 white and Negro families from 7 Southern States (Alabama, Kentucy, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas) were interviewed during 1960 and 1961. Findings reported were that socioeconomic status was positively related to race and educational level and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Blacks, Educational Background, Family Attitudes, Interviews, Living Standards, Low...
Rural homelessness in America is difficult to define, to count, and to see. This article reports the findings of a 1993 county-wide study of rural homelessness. During a one year survey, 118 homeless households were interviewed. Of those surveyed, 25.8 percent were male adults, 30.9 percent were female adults, and 43.2 percent were children. Results indicate that differences do exist in the demographic characteristics of the rural homeless population as compared to urban populations. Data from...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Economically Disadvantaged, Family Environment, Family Problems, Homeless People,...
To determine the decisionmaking and communication patterns of disadvantaged farm families (DFF) and the linkage between interpersonal sources of information used by them and research-based information sources, a pilot study was conducted with the following focus questions: (1) Who are North Carolina's DFF and what are their characteristics? (2) What kinds of farm and home decisions are DFF making and how rational are the processes utilized by them in making these decisions? (3) What...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior Patterns, Communication (Thought Transfer), Decision Making, Disadvantaged,...
Five farms in Union County in extreme southern Illinois were studied in depth, and about 100 more were briefly surveyed to ascertain how the farm women's roles have changed over the years. Well into the twentieth century, the male and female domains on these farms were relatively well defined. Within the barn and its yards, the husband had primary authority over the organization of space and work; within the house and its yards, the wife had primary authority. The husband's domain was primarily...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Anthropology, Behavior Change, Family (Sociological Unit), Farmers, Females,...
The report provides an annual report and financial review for 1994 of the Bernard van Leer Foundation, a private institution that was created for broad humanitarian purposes in 1949, and shows the varied aspects of the foundation's activities in the project field. In addition, it includes a number of feature articles which highlight specific aspects in the year. Feature articles in this report are: "Why Children Matter"; "Training as Empowerment"; "Early Childhood in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Advocacy, Child Development, Developmental Tasks, Early Childhood Education,...
An estimated 64,798,000 persons, or 25% of the population of the United States, lived in rural areas in 1988. Rural areas include open countryside and places with fewer than 2,500 inhabitants not in the suburbs of large cities. This report presents demographic data on the rural population, pointing out that comparison with 1987 data suggests a leveling off of farm population decline. Almost half of the rural population in 1988 was located in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs); and about one...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Census Figures, Demography, Population Distribution, Population Trends, Poverty...
This paper examines the gender order that operates in rural areas of Australia, ensuring that women are accorded secondary status, that their contributions are discounted, and that their concerns are trivialized. Women are disadvantaged by patriarchal gender relations that dominate rural society and that are reinforced by ideologies of family and "wifehood" holding women accountable for domestic household labor. Interviews with 64 farm women in New South Wales revealed the large...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employed Women, Farm Labor, Foreign Countries, Gender Issues, Housework, Individual...
A 1983 four-community survey of 220 rural Utah households had as its central analysis issue the extent to which conflict plays a modulating role in linking network positions. Not only do most network analysis approaches reflect an implicit assumption that network ties involving conflict are mutually exclusive from and incompatible with support ties, but there is a tendency to assume that networks channel only positive relations (the "amiability tilt"). Sites were selected to represent...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Change, Community Study, Conflict, Field Interviews, Network Analysis,...
A special demonstration project attempted to find means of assisting hard-core multi-problem families in a predominantly rural Idaho county. A single agency was formed to coordinate community activities and provide a variety of services for the needs of the total family. Project personnel included a director, social worker, home economist, public health nurse, and Advisory Board. Statistical data on the 84 families (450 persons) accepted for services are presented. Group activities, family...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Counseling Services, Disadvantaged Youth, Exceptional Child Research, Family...
During 1994 and 1995, the Commissions on Children and Families in six rural Oregon counties joined with local elementary schools and the Oregon State University Extension Service to conduct surveys to determine the school-age child care needs of local families. Data were collected and analyzed, and individual reports were prepared by county. The present study used the aggregated data to gain a broader sense of how families in rural counties define their school-age child-care needs. Results...
Topics: ERIC Archive, After School Programs, Children, Community Planning, Elementary Education, Family Day...
This paper argues that the socio-economic transformation caused by the 1971 Suki Agricultural project in central eastern Sudan has had contradictory effects on children. The Suki Agricultural Project was expected to transform the rural economy from production for consumption to production for exchange and profit. Ten years after the project's initiation, 10-year-old children were observed for their roles in agricultural production and their provision of subsistence within the household and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agricultural Production, Child Development, Child Role, Children, Family Financial...
The paucity of research concerning the role of family and church in rural Appalachia leads to a reliance on observations and parallels drawn from research in related areas of sociology. Highly structured family and church group relations in the Appalachian region often obstruct both the development of other inter-group relations and attempts to bring about change of any kind. Contacts with other than family, relatives, and neighbors are rare, and an outsider is viewed suspiciously. In order for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Church Programs, Church Responsibility, Church Role, Family Influence, Family...
MANY RURAL AREAS OF THE U.S. POSSESS ENOUGH SPACE AND NATURAL ATTRACTIONS TO SERVE AS A BASIS FOR ESTABLISHING EITHER PART OR FULL-TIME RECREATIONAL ENTERPRISES. MOST OUTDOOR LEISURE ACTIVITIES CENTER AROUND WATER, HUNTING AND FISHING, ADMIRING SCENERY, AND ENJOYING THE NATURAL RURAL LANDSCAPE. THUS THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL RECREATION RESOURCES IS LARGELY A MATTER OF THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND, WATER, PLANTS, AND WILDLIFE. THIS BULLETIN DESCRIBES SOME OF THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business, Capital, Income, Investment, Low Income, Opportunities, Outdoor Education,...
This paper provides the analysis used to support implementation of a family counseling sequence in a regional mid-western university. It describes the creation of the Family Development Program, a course designed to address these regional needs. The Program utilizes the model and Guidelines for Kansas Comprehensive School Counseling Programs, Family Life Education Standards, and Family Resource Coalition of America Principles. Highlights are presented of the program instruction in several...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Advocacy, Community Resources, Counselor Role, Counselor Training, Curriculum...
CIVIL DEFENSE PREPAREDNESS IS A FACTOR RURAL PEOPLE NEED TO CONSIDER IN ALL THEIR FARM, HOME, AND BUSINESS PLANNING. NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF NUCLEAR ATTACK ARE FACTS THAT AMERICANS CANNOT IGNORE. THIS DOCUMENT PRESENTS THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF A CIVIL DEFENSE PROGRAM FOR PEOPLE IN RURAL AREAS WHICH INCLUDE--(1) THE DANGERS OF FALLOUT, RADIATION, AND THE BLAST, (2) THE VALUE OF FALLOUT SHELTERS, (3) HOW TO STOCK AND PRESERVE FOOD IN ORDER TO AVOID CONTAMINATION, (4) HOW TO PRESERVE...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Civil Defense, Community Cooperation, Community Programs, Education, Fallout...
