This resource book was compiled for the United States Department of Education's Goals 2000 Orientation Conference. Sections present information about the numerous components of successful comprehensive reforms based on high standards, such as the National Education Goals, systemic education reform, standards, student assessment, professional development, governance and accountability, the management of change, the mobilization of community and parental support, technology, and school-to-work...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accountability, Cooperative Education, Educational Change, Educational Improvement,...
This document contains 14 individual papers by prominent scholars who provide a historical perspective on current educational reforms. The three essays in part 1 examine some of the major changes in educational development and reform. These include: (1) "Antiquarianism and American Education: Assimilation, Adjustment, Access" (Patricia Graham); (2) "Recent History of U.S. Governance" (Michael Kirst); and (3) "Historical Perspectives on School-based Social Services in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Educational Development, Educational History, Educational...
Climate and culture are inherent in the life of every organization, including schools. They are difficult to define and even more difficult to change, yet any reform effort must address them first if it is to succeed. This report helps school leaders understand these crucial factors and measure their influences on the school. It offers various strategies for implementing school-improvement efforts that work. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the terms "climate" and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Strategies, Communications, Educational Assessment, Educational Change,...
Twenty-seven categorical and topical reports by nationally preeminent scholars comprise this report, intended to provide background information for Congress in reauthorizing the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). An introductory synthesis addresses principles of the IDEA, evidence of the Law's effectiveness and the effectiveness of special education, promising practices, continuing barriers to their implementation, and recommendations for change. Categorical reports include:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Action Research, Behavior Change, Change Strategies, Cooperative Programs,...
The theme of the 1993 National Educational Computing Conference (NECC) was the enabling capabilities of computers and related technologies. These proceedings include the full text of 37 papers and summaries of presentations on the following general topics: teacher training, instructional applications, hypermedia, instructional software, electronic mail, multimedia, LOGO, telecommunications, special populations, restructuring, global education, networking, technology in the curriculum, computer...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Assisted Instruction, Computer Networks, Computer Science Education,...
School-based management (SBM), sometimes called site-based management, is fast becoming the hottest restructuring item in the arsenal of reformers, teachers' unions, governors, and legislators who want to change the traditional ways in which schools and school districts do business. This document comprises three main sections with contributions from 12 authors. The first section is entitled "Theory of School-Based Management" and covers what the research says, practical strategies for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Secondary Education, Leadership, School Based Management, School District...
This volume features the reform journeys of six American high schools. The six high schools portrayed here include four large comprehensive high schools (Oakland Technical High in Oakland, California, and Brighton High in Boston, Massachusetts, are urban; Sir Francis Drake in Marin County, California, and Rex Putnam in North Clackamas, Oregon, are suburban), as well as two small schools, one urban and one suburban, started within the past decade (Landmark in New York City and Quest in a suburb...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Board of Education Role, Career Academies, Career Education, Case Studies, Change...
This book clarifies current efforts to reform teaching by providing a conceptual analysis of what a professional and a bureaucratic view of teaching entail. Case studies are presented illustrating what happens when differing approaches to teachers' work are tried in three school districts. The first chapter describes the two approaches to reform by examining their conceptions of what students should learn and how and what teachers should teach. The next three chapters present the stories of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bureaucracy, Case Studies, Context Effect, Educational Practices, Elementary...
This document consists of all six issues of the "Journal of Research for School Executives" published before it was discontinued. The spring 1991 issue includes four research articles and one essay on employee discipline, school reform, experiences of state departments of education in school/college collaboration, legal aspects of disciplining students with disabilities, and administrative roles in school-centered decision making. Also, two reviews of Samuel J. Freedman's book,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accountability, Administrator Effectiveness, Boards of Education, Censorship, Codes...
This book provides an account of the major administrative restructuring and organization that has occurred in Australian public school systems over the past decade. Section 1 provides a discussion of the Australian restructuring efforts in an international context. Chapters in this section include the following: (1) "The Restructuring of Schools and School Systems: A Comparative Perspective" (Hedley Beare); and (2) "Policy Origins and Policy Games: Site-Based Management in the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Organization, Case Studies, Educational Administration, Educational...
This monograph brings together what has been learned over the past few decades about children at risk, as it analyzes current strategies designed to improve student and school performance and proposes ways of achieving academic excellence with high reliability. Section 1, "Becoming at Risk of Failure in America's Schools," integrates research on students at risk into a conceptual framework for addressing the societal, home, and school-related factors that influence academic success....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Academic Failure, Disadvantaged Youth, Economically...
This report describes eight exemplary schools serving minority students with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) in Texas, California, Illinois, and Massachusetts. Schools were chosen by nomination. The report is divided into 10 chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the report, and provides background information on how the eight schools were chosen. Chapters 2 through 9 each present a case study of one of the schools. Each chapter begins with a brief description of the school and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Diversity (Student), Educational Assessment, Effective Schools...
This book presents a selection of readings that address multiculturalism and school restructuring as a reference for schools working to enrich their school-improvement agendas. The readings treat many areas within curriculum and student achievement. The 13 chapters are as follows: (1) "The Next Millennium: A Multicultural Imperative for Education" (C. F. Diaz); (2) "Multicultural Education: Nature, Challenges, and Opportunities" (J. A. Banks); (3) "Effective Teaching...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Affirmative Action, Civil Liberties, Classroom Techniques,...
This literature review focuses on the application of technology (primarily the computer) to education. No single vision drives the infusion of technology into the schools, although social, vocational, pedagogic, and catalytic rationales have been proposed. Technology has a role in school restructuring by standardizing and automating procedures. When the goal of restructuring is to bring about a learning environment that emphasizes complex problem solving and decision making, technology has much...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Computer Uses in Education, Curriculum Development, Educational Environment,...
In the past decade, states have taken an increasingly active role in designing new policies intended to reform America's high schools. This book offers a systematic, empirical look at the most widely adopted policy reform strategy--mandatory changes in high school graduation requirements. Maryland is used as a case study, exploring five representative high schools and presenting an in-depth discussion of their experiences with mandated reform. The first of eight chapters, Chapter 1,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, At Risk Persons, Curriculum Development, Curriculum Evaluation, Educational...
Education reform is an ongoing process that requires a major commitment over a long period of time. This volume, the second in a series of three, presents case-study findings of a 4-year research project on curriculum reform, with a focus on science education, mathematics education, and higher order thinking across the disciplines. The study, the Curriculum Reform Project, explored the nature of various reforms, the barriers to reform, and the means by which schools met challenges and achieved...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Change Strategies, Curriculum Development, Educational Change,...
This document summarizes proceedings of a meeting held in September 1995. The purpose of the meeting was to gather educators and policymakers in order to establish criteria concerning links between educational research and decision making. Twenty participants from the following countries attended: Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Romania, Thailand, the United...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Comparative Education, Educational Research, Elementary...
These proceedings of the 1994 convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) contains 75 papers and 1 symposium. Topics addressed by the papers include teacher competency regarding instructional technology; electronic journals; constructivist design; adult education; instructional design; integration of technology in schools; school restructuring; knowledge representation; computer based instruction; educational technology; cooperative learning;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Cognitive Processes, Computer Assisted Instruction, Constructivism...
In this volume, educators from Russia and western countries address the issue of the creation and management of schools in a modern democracy. Chapters examine the questions involved in the conception, justification, and implementation of the idea of "education for democracy." Following the acknowledgments and epigraph, chapters include the following: (1) "Introduction and Commentary" (Judith D. Chapman, Isak D. Froumin, and David N. Aspin); (2) "The Conception of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cross Cultural Studies, Democracy, Democratic Values, Educational Change, Educational...
The papers in this volume, commissioned by RMC Research Corporation for the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, were adapted to reflect the input of participants at a national conference in Washington, DC in June 1992 on middle grades parent and community involvement. Part I reviews the literature in five chapters that focus on the context of parent and community involvement programs, their development, and their impact. The synthesis of literature reveals that parents can be the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Involvement, Cooperation, Educational Change, Intermediate Grades, Middle...
This collection of 12 essays examines the school's need to establish a collaborative environment as a precondition for its own development. The following chapters explore the necessary shift in schools from a bureaucratic to a professional mode: (1) "Recanting Bureaucracy: A Democratic Structure for Leadership in Schools" (D. L. Clarke and J. M. Meloy); (2) "Teacher Professionalism: Why and How" (L. Darling-Hammond); and (3) "What Are Schools of Education For?" (S....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cooperation, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education, Organizational...
This book is designed to help policymakers, educators, and researchers develop a deeper understanding of the issues of school restructuring and to give greater conceptual clarity to the terms of the current debate. The chapters of the book contain forum papers that are organized into two main parts. Following chapter 1, "Introduction: On Changing the Structure of Public Schools" (Richard F. Elmore), part 1 presents five essays on school restructuring from several perspectives,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Policy, Administrator Role, Educational Change, Educational Policy,...
Current restructuring of education calls for more teacher involvement in the planning and delivery of instruction. This yearbook gives examples of teacher involvement as it updates the supervision process. Four sections include 13 essays by various authors. The first section is entitled "The Context" and includes four essays: (1) "Policy and Supervision" (Linda Darling-Hammond with Eileen Sclan); (2) "Searching for a Common Purpose: A Perspective on the History of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Role, Curriculum Development, Elementary Secondary Education,...
The view that fundamental changes in the educational system are necessary for successful restructuring is reflected in this collection of papers. The first five papers set the context for restructuring design by presenting rationales, models, and definitions. The next three papers focus on educational design processes, and the following two papers provide specific descriptions of different educational systems. The final paper develops a new design for educational reform. The contents are as...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cooperative Planning, Curriculum Design, Educational Change, Educational Improvement,...
This book is designed for use as a theoretical and practical tool for planning and implementing secondary school change. Chapter 1 presents the history of the development of the CaMaPe models and a perspective on the universality of educational and organizational structures and describes the kinds of schools appropriate to the models. The basic elements of the CaMaPe system are illustrated through a kite configuration. Chapter 2 provides the background and theory for the models and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Educational Development, Educational Improvement, Educational...
This book examines 1980s educational reforms and their consequences for the 1990s, focusing on the Australian Labor Party government's policy response to conditions of economic scarcity. The first section addresses the broader economic, social, political, and ideological context of educational reform under Australian Labor governments, compared to Labor government developments in New Zealand (until 1990) and conservative government developments in the United States and Great Britain. The second...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Conservatism, Decentralization, Economic Factors, Educational Change, Educational...
This compendium contains 40 ERIC Digests published by the ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management from 1988 to 1991. Listed alphabetically by title, the digests discuss a wide range of topics related to school management and administrative responsibilities, followed by 8 to 15 references. Topics covered include AIDS/HIV education; evaluation of students, personnel, and academic programs; school finance, accountability, and fiscal policy concerns; school safety and security issues;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrative Principles, Administrator Evaluation, Drug Abuse, Educational...
Statements and letters from administrators and policymakers and supplementary materials are included in this report of a congressional hearing on the status and future of American education. Four broad areas targeted by the President's educational agenda are as follows: (1) helping those most in need; (2) achieving and rewarding excellence and success; (3) increasing parent involvement and choice; and (4) strengthening accountability at all levels. Area of concern identified at the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Accountability, Career Development, Classroom Environment,...
No matter how well teachers are prepared to teach, no matter what accountability measures are put in place, no matter what governing structures are established for schools, educational progress will be profoundly limited if students are not "motivated and able to learn". Health-related problems play a major role in limiting the motivation and ability to learn of urban minority youth, and interventions to address those problems can improve educational as well as health outcomes....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Child Health, Achievement Gap, School Restructuring, Play, Physical Activities,...
Selected current readings in the area of school reform are presented. Seven selections in "The Front Lines" focus on current developments in educational change in the political arena. A section on "Charter Schools" contains eight readings on the development and implementation of charter schools. A section titled "School Choice" contains six essays on parental school choice. A section on "Standards, Tests, and Accountability" contains eight articles on...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Accountability, Achievement Tests, Bilingual Education, Charter...
This volume of proceedings of the Mid-South Educational Research Association's 23rd annual meeting contains abstracts of discussion sessions, display sessions, symposia, and training sessions. Over 320 abstracts and annotations are included, for sessions that cover the whole range of educational research. Assessment and measurement, educational improvement, educational change, school restructuring, and issues of culture, gender, and ethics are explored at elementary, secondary, and higher...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Abstracts, Curriculum Development, Educational Assessment, Educational Change,...
This resource guide provides information on education reform issues and on programs, projects, and models that are attempting to improve public schooling. Section 1, "The Fundamentals of Restructuring," summarizes the major characteristics of restructuring and includes references to the views of influential educators and agencies on the meaning and process of restructuring. Section 2, "The National Movement for School Reform," outlines several major education reform...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, College School Cooperation, Demonstration Programs,...
Educators and policymakers have accomplished much over the past decade, aided by parents and taxpayers. California has set a high bar for what all children are expected to learn, from kindergarten forward. Instructional materials and tests are now closely aligned, so that teachers know how to gauge their students' progress. And achievement growth within thousands of elementary schools has been strong since these accountability tools were forged in 1999. Yet this is no time to be complacent....
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Restructuring, Educational Finance, Educational Change, Accountability,...
The new literacy goes beyond the requirements for a high school diploma, including capacities once demanded only of a privileged, college-bound elite. This book concerns this new, higher literacy and whether current educational restructuring efforts are likely to foster such literacy in all students. The study used informal interviewing techniques and examined classrooms for evidence of nine general climate indicators conducive to a literacy of thoughtfulness. The first chapters focus on rural...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Environment, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign...
This 1994 directory of project abstracts provides an overview of the ongoing efforts of researchers supported by the Division of Innovation and Development of the U.S. Office of Special Education Programs. Abstracts of 236 projects are separated into 10 sections according to the primary focus of the study. The 10 sections are: (1) assessment and evaluation; (2) cultural differences; (3) infants, young children, and families; (4) instructional effectiveness, models, and learning; (5) policy,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior Disorders, Computer Software, Cultural Differences, Delivery Systems,...
This report presents a final assessment of the early implementation of the School-to-Work (STW)/Youth Apprenticeship Demonstration programs and participants. Chapter I describes the evolution of STW policy. Chapter II discusses marketing methods, the student selection process and selection criteria, reasons for student participation, and number and characteristics of participants. Chapter III discusses how programs organized the school setting to facilitate student learning and describes ways...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Apprenticeships, Career Development, Career Education, Career Guidance, College...
This document is a collection of five reports on school restructuring in Iowa from 1989 to 1993. The first report summarizes the restructuring activities in Iowa school districts during 1989, addresses problems that developed during the year, and chronicles future restructuring events. It also gives a historical perspective on school restructuring in Iowa. The second report discusses restructuring during 1990, the historical causes of the restructuring period in Iowa schools, and the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Consolidated Schools, Elementary Secondary Education, Public Schools, Rural Schools,...
This directory abstracts more than 180 projects funded during Fiscal Year 1996 by the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Research to Practice Division. Projects developed under four major program areas are described: (1) research; (2) technology, educational media, and materials; (3) serious emotional disturbance; and (4) special studies. The projects are arranged into 11 topical sections: assessment; cultural differences; infants, young children, and families;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior Disorders, Computer Software, Cultural Differences, Delivery Systems,...
Social, cultural, political, and organizational characteristics of urban schools that make them difficult settings for teachers are discussed. It is suggested that, while an emphasis on professional community would be beneficial for all students, it is particularly pressing for urban schools where other resources for school reform are limited. Teacher empowerment alone is not sufficient. For empowerment to work to the advantage of students and teachers, a shared commitment to a fundamental...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Community Development, Educational Change, Educational Environment,...
The "Positive Action" model is a time-tested tool for achieving far-reaching school reform. The program's designed to reform and revitalize schools so that the needs of children are met. The Positive Action Program was developed for elementary schools and has been expanded for middle schools and high schools. The Positive Action Program is based on a philosophy and set of unit concepts or guiding principles, a curriculum and a school climate program, and a parent and community...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Behavior Patterns, Curriculum, Educational Change, Educational Philosophy, Elementary...
The mission of the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) is to ensure that all students acquire the knowledge, skills and values necessary to live rich and fulfilling lives as responsible, productive and enlightened members of a democratic society. It is the vision of the District of Columbia School System that it will be known as one of the best urban school districts in the country. It will offer an outstanding education to every student within a safe, healthy and educationally...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Resources, Educational Change, Accountability, Strategic Planning,...
In education, the term restructuring is as notable for its ambiguity as for its meaning. This book draws from more than 600 sources across a wide spectrum of perspectives regarding restructuring. It provides a picture of many of the trends and issues in school restructuring and attempts to place these issues into a context that helps explain where schools have come from and where they might be going. The book is designed to help faculties develop their vision of restructuring and their...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Educational Assessment, Educational Change, Educational...
Designed as a guide for practitioners, this book draws on over 600 sources to discuss school restructuring definitions, trends, and issues; achievements of a few select schools; and implementation techniques and strategies. Two overarching, indirectly stated issues pervading the reconceptualization of schooling are multiculturalism and a caring school staff. The book is organized into four parts. Part 1, Rationale and Context, presents a historical context for restructuring and a summary of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Collegiality, Curriculum, Educational Change, Educational Environment, Educational...
In the spirit of educational reform, the purpose of this paper is to review the literature and present six empirically derived dimensions underlying the construct of teacher empowerment. The dimensions were obtained from a study conducted on school empowerment in nine school districts across the country from 1989 to 1992. Empowerment has been defined as the process whereby school participants develop the competence to take charge of their own growth and resolve their own problems. Dimensions of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary School Teachers, Elementary Secondary Education, Job Satisfaction,...
The United States is in the midst of a school reform movement of unprecedented dimensions, and many educators have felt a need to focus not just on the process but on the purpose of the educational enterprise--the purpose which the reforms are intended to accomplish. A conference, attended by more than 1,100 educators and other interested people, discussed the mission of the schools and made recommendations on how best to realize that mission. Following the keynote address by Robert R. Spillane...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Curriculum Development, Educational Improvement, Educational...
Over 1,000 communities in 45 states, territories, and the District of Columbia, are mobilized under the AMERICA 2000 banner to reach the 6 National Education Goals. This collection of papers, written by those who have wrestled with the process of school reform, offers useful insights to communities as they begin their process of transforming education. Following an introduction by Lamar Alexander, Secretary of Education, are the following papers: (1) "The Process of School...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Strategies, College School Cooperation, Educational Change, Educational...
The five commissioned papers in this anthology provided part of the research base for the national report, "National Excellence: A Case for Developing America's Talent." In the first paper, "The Performance of High Ability Students in the United States on National and International Tests," Carolyn Callahan describes discouraging national and international academic achievement data which indicate that America's top students continue to lag behind top students in other...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Comparative Education, Cultural Influences, Educational Change,...
This book relies on three categories (visions, contexts, and roles) to explore school renewal as promulgated by participants in the National Education Association's Mastery in Learning Project. Following MIL Project Director Robert McClure's introduction covering participants' collegiality-building experiences, the "Visions" section considers the conditions that presage reform and pave the way for restructuring. Arthur Costa's essay envisions school as a home for the mind and stresses...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Collegiality, Community Involvement, Context Effect, Cooperation, Cooperative...
Based on a review of the literature, this paper objectively examines the key issues surrounding the implementation of year-round education (YRE) at the elementary level in public schools. Following the introduction, statement of the problem, and definitions, the fourth section provides a history of year-round education in the United States. The fifth section describes various forms of YRE calendar plans. The sixth section discusses the key policy issues, which include the following: the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Education, Extended School Year, Public Schools, Quarter System, School...
The 15 chapters of this book examine major issues in gifted education today, the role of gifted education in the educational reform movement, and the development of gifted education in Ohio. After an introductory chapter by Elyse S. Fleming, chapters have the following titles and authors: "The Shadow of the Future: Serving Ohio's Gifted Students" (Thomas M. Stephens); "Gifted Students and Educational Reform" (James J. Gallagher); "Conceptions of Intelligence and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Ability Identification, Attitudes, Child Advocacy, Classroom Techniques, Delivery...
