Once the need for continuing learning in professional fields was acknowledged, the idea of voluntary learning evolved into a requirement for mandatory continuing education (MCE) in many professions. Despite the variation among professions and individual states' policies, MCE for professionals is a well-entrenched fact of life for many practitioners in a variety of fields. Major factors in the growth of MCE have been protecting the public welfare and public accountability. The concept of MCE is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Legal Responsibility, Mandatory Continuing Education, Professional...
This report provides an overview of the state credentialing requirements needed for professional school counselors in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The requirements outlined are those necessary to obtain an initial entry-level credential. The overview of state credentialing requirements provides educational, experience, and examination requirements for each state, and tells whether or not background checks are required. This is followed by an overview of state counseling...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Counselor Certification, Counselor Qualifications, Credentials, Elementary Secondary...
The present state certification system for teachers evaluates the teacher's preservice education rather than his in-service ability to bring about the learning of children. Three organizations--teachers' colleges, local schools, and state education offices--must work together to extensively revise the certification procedure. Teachers' colleges, in addition to providing the best general and specialized education possible, need to develop techniques for measuring both the teacher's knowledge of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, School Responsibility, School Role, Schools of Education, State Departments of...
Title VII and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) guidelines on discrimination in employment are not always the basis for court decisions in individual cases where intent to discriminate is challenged. A number of employment discrimination cases over the last decade have invalidated employee selection practices of local school boards and licensing agencies following the guidelines. Applicability of Title VII and EEOC rules to state licensing agencies still has not been definitively...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Competency Based Teacher Education, Court Litigation, Credentials, Discriminatory...
Fiscal and policy implications of continuing education requirements in the health professions are considered, with particular reference to the case of California. For 14 professions, data are presented on the average number of hours of continuing education needed annually to meet the requirement, the costs to the practitioner, and the total annual cost in fees for each health science discipline. It is claimed that mandatory continuing education costs the state virtually nothing, either to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Costs, Fees, Government Role, Health Personnel, Higher Education, Mandatory...
This paper presents regulatory change proposals from the Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board and Department of Advanced Education and Career Development for public discussion and comment. Section 1 outlines proposals relating to regulations: program and process details; the ratio of journeymen to apprentices; and apprentice wages. These proposals include no change to content of program requirements, including entrance requirements; removal of program and process details from...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Apprenticeships, Developed Nations, Educational Certificates,...
Senate Resolution 1976-230 directed the Council for Postsecondary Education to undertake a study of the role of the Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges in the certification of postsecondary educational institutions operating in the State of Washington. The accreditation process was reviewed as it relates to: (1) the variety of postsecondary educational enterprises in the state; (2) the desirability of noneducation representatives in the accreditation process; (3) the effectiveness of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Accreditation (Institutions), Confidentiality, Consumer...
This directory lists over 200 interpreters for the deaf and hard of hearing in Virginia who have passed either national certification or state level screening. Introductory material first lists services provided by the Virginia Department for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing and then offers guidelines which address: what an interpreter is; how to select an interpreter; the qualifications currently recognized in Virginia; how to use an interpreter; the Code of Ethics for interpreters; and the cued...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Credentials, Deaf Interpreting, Deafness, Interpreters, Partial...
THE PURPOSES OF THIS PROJECT WERE (1) TO MAKE A THOROUGH REVIEW OF THE PERTINENT LITERATURE OF VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL EDUCATION, (2) DEVELOP, AND TEST INSTRUMENTS DESIGNED TO FACILITATE A CONTEMPLATED MAJOR STUDY OF THE EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE ROLES OF STATE VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION AGENCIES AND THE INFLUENCE WHICH THESE DEPARTMENTS HAVE UPON LOCAL SCHOOLS AND TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS. A STANDARDIZED INSTRUMENT AND FORMAT FOR ITS ADMINISTRATION WERE DEVELOPED. INITIAL...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classification, Measurement Instruments, State Federal Aid, State Licensing Boards,...
THE BOARD OF EDUCATION FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON IS ENGAGED IN REVISING THE STATE STANDARDS FOR TEACHER EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATION. IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE REVISION WILL (1) ENCOURAGE HIGHER STANDARDS OF PREPARATION FOR TEACHERS AND OTHER EDUCATIONAL SPECIALISTS, (2) INCREASE UTILIZATIONS OF THE GROWING KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY OF TEACHING, (3) EXTEND THE PERIOD OF PREPARATION INTO THE FIRST SEVERAL YEARS OF TEACHING, (4) STIMULATE RESEARCH AND NEW APPROACHES TO TEACHER PREPARATION. FEATURES...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accreditation (Institutions), Inservice Teacher Education, Program Development,...
To carry out this study, personal interviews were conducted with licensing personnel in the geographically diverse states of New York, California, Florida, Illinois, and Texas. The nonprofessional occupations (those requiring not more than two years of post-high school training) examined for licensing requirements in at least one of the five states were practical nurses, plumbers, ophthalmic dispensers, dental hygienists, psychiatric technicians, clinical laboratory personnel, electricians,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Credentials, Feasibility Studies, Labor Supply, Mobility,...
This publication is a compilation of information from the 50 states and the District of Columbia concerning selected teacher education and certification practices and policies. Its purpose is to help state certification officers find compatible states with which they might work toward formal agreements for interstate teacher certification. At present many factors exist which make it difficult for certified teachers to move freely from one state to another. A faculty would have more to offer,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Credentials, Faculty Mobility, Interstate Programs, State Boards of Education, State...
This case study describes and interprets the process through which State-level policy decisions are made for the public schools of Texas. The report begins with brief treatments of the socioeconomic environment and political culture within which education takes place. State governmental arrangements for public school policy are described, and four educational issues are reviewed to illustrate the operation of the system. Issues examined include school finance, competency-based certification,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Case Studies, Decision Making, Education Service Centers, Educational Finance,...
The study provides in one source the various State certification requirements for vocational stenographic-secretarial teachers in post-secondary vocational-technical schools in the United States, obtained from State Directors of Vocational Education through a questionnaire; the related literature is reviewed. A 12-page table summarizes certification requirements in individual States. Fifteen tables accompany an analysis and comparison of these certification criteria as they exist in all the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Business Education Teachers, Criteria, National Surveys, Office Occupations...
This article reports findings from a study that examined Florida universities' masters-level educational leadership students' intentions to pursue assistant principal positions in relation to demographic and self-assessed leadership characteristics. The study examined the influences that self-assessed leadership behavior, gender, number of credits completed, age, and teaching experience had on respondent intentions as measured by the Leadership Practice Inventory and the Demographics and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Assistant Principals, Graduate Students, Credits, Teaching Experience, Instructional...
The Office of United States Senator Daniel Inouye requested information on state minimum licensing and certification requirements for physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and nurses who work directly with patients in state mental hospitals. To obtain this information, the General Accounting Office called the offices of the directors/commissioners of the 50 state mental health programs to inquire about state licensing and certification of these professionals. Eleven states...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Health Personnel, Hospital Personnel, Mental Health Programs, Nurses,...
This document contains the general provisions issued pursuant to Title VIII of the Education Law in New York State to obtain a license to practice a profession or to use a professional title. The provisions apply to admission to the licensing examination and to the issuance of licenses in each of the professions supervised by the Board of Regents. These regulations cover the following: education requirements, English proficiency requirements, citizenship or immigration requirements,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Legal Responsibility, Licensing Examinations (Professions),...
In concert with a rising interest in history education, there is concern about the quality of education and certification of history teachers. Many researchers, theorists, and specialists have weighed in on the issue of teacher preparation and certification. To what extent are history teachers prepared and certified to teach the discipline? This Digest discusses: (1) general findings about out-of-field teaching; (2) findings about state teacher certification requirements; (3) findings about...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Secondary Education, History Instruction, Knowledge Base for Teaching,...
Questions that were the basis for discussion in working parties of a workshop on state postsecondary education institutional authorization and oversight are presented, and comments and strawman answers to stimulate consideration of the questions are included. The questions are as follows: (1) What should be the relationship of state licensing agencies and their personnel to other state agencies and national organizations or their personnel? (2) How should state licensing and approval agencies...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accreditation (Institutions), Agency Cooperation, Certification, Consumer Protection,...
The role of state agency regulation, oversight, and funding of programs at New Jersey's private, postsecondary trade schools was examined through meeting participation, review of existing regulations, and interviews with agency staff. Findings were as follows: (1) proprietary vocational schools play a large role in New Jersey's postsecondary educational system; (2) the licensure, regulation, and funding of proprietary vocational school programs is scattered among at least six state agencies;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accountability, Consumer Education, Educational Administration, Educational Policy,...
To examine the hypothesis that occupational licensure is primarily a restrictive device to protect those licensed from competition, analysis focused on the licensure of non-professional occupations in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, covering 36 licenses issued by the three states for 12 occupations (e.g. electricians, barbers, opticians) and 3 sub-classes within those occupations. The study examined the composition of the licensing boards; their policies with respect to prices,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Competitive Selection, Credentials, Economic Research, Employment...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of the State licensing and monitoring program to safeguard children and to determine whether licensing and monitoring were being uniformly applied throughout Illinois. In order to address these questions, information was collected from three sources: (1) interviews with representatives of the State agencies involved in the regulation of day care facilities and with the State employees who license day care homes and centers, (2) surveys of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Child Caregivers, Child Welfare, Day Care, Day Care Centers, Early...
A review was conducted of the operations of the State Board of Independent Postsecondary Vocational, Technical, Trade, and Business Schools in Florida. The review had the following aims: to determine the history of board action upon school closure and recommend changes to protect students adequately when their schools close; to examine the implementation issues regarding adoption of competencies for vocational programs; to determine if Florida law is sufficient to ensure that students benefit...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Postsecondary Education, Proprietary Schools, State Legislation, State Licensing...
Changes during the last year in legislation, policies, and procedures that affect the operations and quality of California's private colleges are described. Accredited in-state and out-of-state colleges, approved colleges, and authorized colleges are covered. Colleges can substitute periodic peer review through an accrediting agency for review by the state oversight agency. The Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) accredits most California degree-granting institutions. Approval...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accreditation (Institutions), Accrediting Agencies, Educational Quality, Government...
This paper examines licensing from the provider's point of view. It is based on the premise that a healthy relationship between the licenser and licensee is based on knowledge and the free exchange of information. More specifically, four areas are examined: (1) licensing, as one of the many forms of regulation in our society; (2) legislation, as the authority granting the right to license (the roles of licensing statutes and regulations are discussed, as well as the overall points a licensee...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Access to Information, Certification, Child Care Occupations, Child Caregivers,...
This study examines postsecondary, less-than-baccalaureate occupational education opportunities in Kentucky, focusing on governance, coordination, availability, and participation in such programs. Program offerings and enrollments were determined through a survey of state vocational-technical schools, community colleges, four-year colleges and universities offering Associate degree programs, proprietary business schools, and other specialized private and public institutions and agencies...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Community Colleges, Coordination, Educational Opportunities, Educational Planning,...
An analysis of issues concerning the certification of teachers and the accreditation and approval of teacher education institutions is presented. In the first part, generally accepted definitions of certification, licensure, program review, and accreditation are clarified. A brief historical overview is presented of the state's role in controlling licensure, and the growth of the National Education Association (NEA) and the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Accreditation (Institutions), Accrediting Agencies, Futures (of...
This booklet contains the regulations under which qualified personnel to staff educational programs in the public, adult, and vocational schools may be employed by the State of West Virginia. It identifies their obligations and procedures in securing professional certificates through an approved program in higher education. (JD)
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Certificates, Elementary Secondary Education, Professional Education,...
The process used by the Texas Education Agency to update public school teacher certification tests in a statewide program in Texas is described. The testing program implemented is called the Examination for the Certification of Educators in Texas. After a policy review, advisory committees for 63 test areas prepared content frameworks, created objectives, and reviewed job analysis surveys prepared by classroom teachers and educators. A bank of test items was written for each test area and field...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Item Banks, Licensing...
A general evaluation design was developed to examine the effectiveness of a computer-based, multimedia simulation test on California smog check mechanics. The simulation test operated on an Apple Macintosh IIci, with a single touchscreen color monitor controlling a videodisc player; it had three parts: introduction-tutorial-help, data, and test. It was compared to a hands-on, actual vehicle test. The two tests were as equivalent as possible. The hands-on test was essentially a printout of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Auto Mechanics, Comparative Analysis, Computer Assisted Testing,...
This report reviews the proposal by the Rancho Santiago Community College District to convert its facility in Orange to a state-approved educational center. Educational centers are a cost-effective means for meeting increased student demand and of serving a region's educational needs because they often involve collaboration and shared facility use with high schools, university campuses, and local businesses. Educational centers can grow as needed when students require more course offerings;...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Campuses, Educational Needs, Educational Facilities Planning, Community Colleges,...
This document was approved March 19, 1998, and describes standards for teachers of social studies in the state of Indiana. Sections of the paper include: (1) "Preface"; (2) "Standard 1: Civic Ideals and Practices"; (3) "Standard 2: Historical Perspectives"; (4) "Standard 3: Geographical Perspectives"; (5) "Standard 4: Government and Citizenship"; (6) "Standard 5: Economics"; (7) "Standard 6: Current Events"; (8)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Elementary Secondary Education, Professional Training, Social Studies,...
A followup to a 1980 General Accounting Office (GAO) report was undertaken to evaluate public and private activities that addressed problems created by U.S. citizens studying medicine abroad and returning to the United States to practice medicine. The 1980 report made suggestions to ensure that U.S. foreign medical graduates received education and training comparable to that provided by U.S. schools. The followup study involved interviewing medical licensing authorities in four states that were...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accountability, Accreditation (Institutions), Agency Cooperation, Certification,...
On August 5, 2006, more than 300 South Carolina National Board Certified Teachers[R] (NBCTs) assembled in Columbia at a policy summit to address the vexing problem of recruiting and retaining accomplished teachers in high-needs schools. Before this summit, the NBCTs read a number of background papers and research summaries. During the summit, they listened to the state's leading policymakers and other educators articulate their views on the issues at hand and then participated in...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Change, Teacher Leadership, Educational Improvement, Disadvantaged...
Following a review of Alberta (Canada) provincial policies related to teacher preparation, certification, evaluation, and professional development, the Council on Alberta Teaching Standards advised the Minister of Education on ideas that should be included in a framework to improve educational quality. The policy positions outlined in this paper reflect the Minister of Education's commitment to a provincial policy framework that guides individual, cooperative, and collaborative actions to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Improvement, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, Higher...
This article describes the historical development of counseling licensure and explains the process for obtaining the Licensed Professional Counselor credential in the state of Alabama. The process of obtaining counseling licensure involves fulfilling an academic requirement, submitting an application, obtaining supervised experience, passing an examination, and some other miscellaneous requirements. Many counselors-in-training find themselves confused about the process of obtaining the Licensed...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Counselor Certification, State Licensing Boards, Licensing Examinations...
An important and widely noticed trend among health professions and occupations in the 1970s has been the increasingly widespread use of credentialing mechanisms. These mechanisms are intended to ensure that health services are provided adequately and with at least a minimum degree of competence. This report is intended to enhance and broaden knowledge of health professions credentialing. It is based on information obtained from more than 40 health certifying agencies. The report is divided into...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Credentials, Health Occupations, Health Personnel, Legislation,...
A questionnaire was sent to each state occupational coordinating committee in the 50 states asking for information about certification/recertification requirements for postsecondary vocational teachers. Information was provided by 43 states, and a brief summary of this information for each state responding is included in this report. In addition, it was determined that ERIC and the Council of State Governments may contain information about licensing requirements for vocational education...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Credentials, Educational Certificates, National Surveys, Postsecondary...
This handbook was prepared as a service to those concerned with regulations of the Kansas State Board of Education pertaining to issuance of certificates to teach or administer schools. These regulations provide for systematic issuance of original teacher and administrator certificates and for their renewal. The certification requirements are designed to provide continuous improvement in the education of teachers, and their fulfillment indicates the completion of an acceptable teacher education...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Qualifications, Administrators, Certification, Educational Improvement,...
A pretest of the Vermont model of the Family Assistance Plan to provide statewide day care services for working parents is presented as to summary findings, conclusions, and recommendations. Facilitating factors towards the delivery of quality child care services were the day care licensing procedure, the focus on child development, talented people who developed new ways of doing things at all levels, Vermonters' candor and informality, the use of the Federal Interagency Day Care Requirements,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bulletins, Child Care, Day Care, Federal Aid, Program Evaluation, State Licensing...
A study determined the existing vocational/special education certification policies and practices in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and trust territories. A survey instrument collected data from the 55 state vocational special-needs consultants. The response rate was 85 percent (47 persons). Conclusions were that most states do not issue vocational/special education certification for vocational and special education personnel; coursework and occupational work experience are primary...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Adult Education, Disabilities, Educational Research, Eligibility, National Surveys,...
Responses were received from all 50 state education agencies and the District of Columbia to a questionnaire seeking information on: (1) state agency which issues teaching certificates; (2) fee structure for various services a certification unit might perform; (3) increases in fees over the past four or five years; and (4) significant issues affecting the types of service offered and fees charged. The information received indicated that certification fees are common and are rising. Most of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Certificates, Elementary Secondary Education, Fees, State Departments of...
The guide is intended to assist community groups in developing preschool programs, offering an outline of some of the procedural steps in organizing a child care program and a description of typical regulations found in State licensing codes governing establishment of such a center. Specific information is given on who may operate a child care center, the general steps necessary to open a center, licensing requirements that must be met, procedures for becoming licensed, and how to begin. It is...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Certification, Community Programs, Day Care, Day Care Centers, Government...
These guidelines are provided to assist in meeting the necessary rules and minimum standards and in making judgments on licensing. Suggestions are offered for evaluating an institution's statement of purpose as well as specific aspects of its program. The educational program is assessed with regard to its courses, duration and intensity (associate degree, baccalaureate degree, graduate degree offerings), general education, residence, certification, summer, evening and extension work, and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Standards, Administrative Organization, Admission Criteria, Certification,...
This document contains texts of presentations and transcriptions of panel discussions from an international symposium on critical issues in distance higher education. The following are included: "Opening Remarks" (Thomas Sobol); "The Changing Context for Distance Learning, Some Highlights" (Harold D. Hodgkinson); panel discussion--"How Should Distance Learning Respond to Emerging Needs?" (Gary Miller et al.); "The NTU (National Technological University)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Accreditation (Institutions), Accrediting Agencies, Distance Education, Educational...
This report is based on a paper that was presented at the 2004 Biregional Randolph-Sheppard Training Conference in Philadelphia. A review of various state licensing agency (SLA) policy manuals by the author revealed no specific SLA policies on reciprocity or guidelines on setting up and managing facilities out of state or on the recognition of other states' licensure of blind facility managers or training programs. Although all SLAs operate under the same federal statute and the same federal...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Employment Opportunities, Education Work Relationship, Federal Legislation, State...
This document describes the minimum standards that must be met and maintained by day care centers in the state of Texas. These standards were drawn up by the State Department of Public Welfare and are applicable to both non-profit and proprietary day care centers. The areas covered by the standards include: (1) organization and general administration, (2) enrollment, (3) director qualifications and responsibilities, (4) staff qualifications, (5) staff/child ratio, (6) space, (7) furnishings and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Administrator Qualifications, Administrator Responsibility, Certification, Child...
The organizational structure of the various state licensing and/or approving agencies was investigated. Three broad organizational types that had licensing/approval authority for degree-granting and nondegree-granting private institutions were identified: the state board (or department) of education type, the state board (or department) of higher education type, and the separate state agency type. Four states had vested no authority to any state agency for licensing or approving private or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Agency Role, Certification, Degrees (Academic), Eligibility, Higher Education,...
About 25 health professions and occupations are licensed by one or more states according to the survey of state licensing provisions by the National Center for Health Statistics. Data is presented in 22 chapters on the licensure of administrators, chiropractors, clinical laboratory personnel, dental hygienists, dentists, professional engineers, midwives, naturopaths, practical nurses, professional nurses, opticians, optometrists, pharmacists, physical therapists, psychologists, "doctors of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Allied Health Occupations Education, Certification, Health Occupations, National...
This publication updates information from prior surveys of the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the areas of: (1) requirements for regular licensure (standards an individual must meet to be issued an initial or advanced teaching credential); (2) requirements for licensure--emergency or shortage-driven (the process by which a person who does not meet requirements for a regular license may be hired to fill a classroom vacancy when there is a shortage of qualified personnel); (3)...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Admission (School), Alternative Teacher Certification, Elementary Secondary...
