This study focuses on how U.S. history teachers utilize secondary U.S. history textbooks. The report addresses the questions of: (1) "How do teachers utilize previously studied textbooks in classroom situations?"; (2) "How do teachers deal with the technical knowledge of textbooks?"; (3) "What are possible factors that influence textbook usage?"; and (4) "Do secondary history teachers engage in and encourage students to engage in critical reflection or...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Citizenship Education, Content Analysis, Course Content, Critical Thinking, History...
A group of six feminists undertook this study because they felt it important that people learn about racial and sexual discrimination in textbooks used in Baltimore City and other U.S. schools. The task force chose five series of basal readers widely used in Baltimore. These series are used in most, if not all, Elementary Secondary Education Act Title I schools -- schools in which a majority of students are Third World. A predetermined selection process was used to chose a block of ten stories...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basal Reading, Basic Reading, Black Stereotypes, Characterization, Childrens...
Many American educational materials present biased or inaccurate views of Africa. Although these problems are found in a range of media, this study examines printed matter only. A representative sampling of materials indicates that four approaches are generally used in a study of Africa: geographical, historical, cultural, and case study. An overview illustrates problems within each of these four categories. Although the trend in the study of geography has been to present man's interaction with...
Topics: ERIC Archive, African Culture, African History, African Literature, Area Studies, Bias, Case...
To determine whether the distribution of male and female main character roles (sex dominance) differed significantly in the 1976-1978 editions of basal readers and supplementary textbooks from that found in the 1974-1976 editions examined by Gwyneth E. Britton and Margaret C. Lumpkin, an analysis of more than 3,700 stories was undertaken. The sex dominance of a story was determined by identifying the main character and by examining the accompanying illustrations. Each story was then classified...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basic Reading, Elementary Education, Reading Materials, Sex Fairness, Sex Role,...
This article examines the history textbooks available in 1998 for adoption in the United States at both the high school and elementary levels. New books have appeared on the scene since the last textbook adoption series. California begins its textbook considerations in August. The California adoption will rekindle national interest in the content of history textbooks and indicate in what ways the textbooks and social studies content have changed after a decade of exposure to multiculturalism....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Course Content, Elementary Secondary Education, History Instruction, Multicultural...
In this speech, the author examines and traces past and present treatment of minorities in textbooks. The issue of whether textbooks should and do adequately represent the real world of minorities is emphasized. In the past, when publishers either omitted minorities from books or made misleading statements in textbooks about minorities, textbooks did indeed represent the feeling of the real world, reflecting the discriminatory practices and social attitudes of society. Presently the treatment...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Pluralism, Curriculum Development, Elementary Secondary...
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the extent to which sexism exists in elementary and secondary textbooks. The findings of two recent studies of elementary and secondary textbooks are summarized and directed to four questions: Do textbooks describe the real world as females and males experience it in our society? Should textbooks describe the real world as females and males experience it? Can textbooks be nonsexist? Will we eliminate sexism in textbooks? The elementary textbook study...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Secondary Education, Females, Feminism, Males, Sex Role, Sex Stereotypes,...
The most recent evidence available indicates that prejudice against minorities and women is still widespread in America. Schools have not only failed to combat these prejudices, but they have often served to actively promote them. Textbooks generally ignore the position of minority Americans in contemporary life and often discuss minority history from a distorted perspective. The assimilationist ideology deemphasizes cultural differences, while the cultural pluralist ideology exaggerates them....
Topics: ERIC Archive, Academic Achievement, Child Development, Cultural Differences, Cultural Pluralism,...
Presented in this document is a discussion of the need for an ongoing evaluation of the accuracy and adequacy of materials pertaining to American Indians in textbooks and reference books in use, or being produced for use, in the nation's schools. During this ongoing evaluation, to be done by a recognized permanent national committee of Indian scholars, the committee should work closely with textbook authors and publishers in preparation of all instructional materials about Indians intended for...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Advisory Committees, American Indians, Ethnic Studies, Higher Education, Historical...
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Apr 13, 2012
04/12
by
Froschl, Merle; Educational Equity Concepts, Inc. (New York, N.Y.)
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"Developed by Project Inclusive, Educational Equity Concepts."
Topics: Education, Preschool, Prejudices in children, Attitude change in children, Textbook bias,...
Savage, blood-thirsty, drunk, monosyllabic, naked, and primitive are the stereotypes of Native Americans in textbooks. These stereotypes are so pervasive that they tend to be accepted uncritically by the rest of society. The evidence suggests that many textbooks are biased and, in a large number of cases, outright racist. The concept of "errors by omission" has been noted as important by several educators. Also, many authors who are critical of textbooks state that texts are written...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Cultural Images, Elementary Secondary Education, Eskimos, Ethnic...
Now is the time for teachers to face honestly the basic problem within ghetto schools--that black parents, children, and leaders do not like or trust their schools or the white staffs of the schools because the schools have done nothing to deserve their trust. Reasons for the failure of the schools to adequately educate over 10% of graduating Negro children lie within the educational structure and the teachers' attitudes. Teachers who will strike for pay, better working conditions, and extra...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Community, Black Education, Black Students, Educational Attitudes,...
This pamphlet presents guidelines for the improvement of the image of women in textbooks. General guidelines for the text and illustrations of textbooks are: (1) the actions and achievements of women should be recognized; (2) women and girls should be given the same respect as men and boys; and (3) abilities, traits, interests, and activities should not be assigned on the basis of male or female stereotypes. A section making recommendations for avoiding sexist language includes a discussion of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Females, Feminism, Illustrations, Sex (Characteristics), Sex Discrimination, Social...
The culture of the southern United States is examined in the context of its effects on race relations and how it is portrayed in curriculum. Many of the southern racial tragedies of the past are still unresolved and this is reflected in schools as they teach about the South. Since schools are dependent on published materials to teach classes, and since there is wide variation in how these materials treat topics such as slavery, no common picture of southern culture is being given. For...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Blacks, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education, History Textbooks,...
Psychological theories continue to dominate the study of interpersonal communication, as is evident from dozens of introductory interpersonal communication textbooks. The perspectives most consistently missing from interpersonal textbooks are sociopolitical analyses of relational communication patterns, analyses that locate relational "problems" and "control" in society, rather than in the individual. The exclusion of critical perspectives may result from the discourse and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Higher Education, Interpersonal Communication, Introductory Courses, Mass Media Role,...
This second report on American History textbooks used in Michigan schools is divided into three sections: 1) background information of the 1968, ED 032 369 survey; 2) a description of the 1970-71 study; and, 3) conclusions and alternative actions being considered by the State Board of Education. A survey was conducted to determine impact of the 1968 report on local districts, and to gather information on titles of American History textbooks presently in use. Following the pattern of the first...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Bias, Ethnic Studies, Evaluation Criteria, History Textbooks,...
Textbook Adoption: The process, in place in twenty-one states, of reviewing textbooks according to state guidelines and then mandating specific books that schools must use, or lists of approved textbooks that schools must choose from. It consistently produces second-rate textbooks that replicate the same flaws and failings over and over again. Adoption states perform poorly on national tests, and the market incentives caused by the adoption process are so skewed that lively writing and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Textbooks, State Standards, Textbook Selection, Textbook Bias
This essay examines the ways in which British literature, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship and research into the areas of gender and sexuality. It reports that feminist literary criticism took definitive shape in the late 1960s as part of the women's liberation movement, and that a central concern of this first generation of feminist scholars was to expose the gendered formation of what was being presented as "the" literary tradition. The essay goes on to...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Annotated Bibliographies, College Curriculum, College Instruction, English...
ix, 403 leaves : 29 cm
Topics: Textbook bias -- Trinidad and Tobago, Reading (Primary) -- Textbooks, Educational anthropology --...
A study of reading textbooks for English as a second language published in Japan evaluated 150 traditional reading textbooks and 32 new reading textbooks published for use in 1985. Traditional reading textbooks are those with main texts and notes and sometimes a few comprehension questions. New reading textbooks have main texts, comprehension questions, and other exercises. The new trends identified include: larger books with fewer pages, more visual aids, simpler English usage, more...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Audiotape Recordings, College Curriculum, Difficulty Level, English (Second...
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Sep 12, 2009
09/09
by
Henry, Jeannette; American Indian Historical Society
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Bibliography: p. 255-262
Topics: Indians of North America, Textbook bias, Indians of North America in textbooks
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xxviii, 266 pages ; 23 cm
Topics: Kompensatorische Erziehung, Kleinkinderziehung, United States, Education, USA, Educational...
In compliance with Title 14, Section 12 of the Delaware Code, this document sets forth statewide policies and guidelines developed by the Delaware State Board of Education for selecting textbooks and other educational materials. After a brief introduction and a policy statement, recommendations are provided to local school districts for establishing textbook selection procedures. This is followed by general advice on selecting textbooks and other materials, definition of terms, and general...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Controversial Issues (Course Content), Elementary Secondary Education, Guidelines,...
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ii, 65 p. ; 24 cm
Topics: Minorities -- Study and teaching -- Canada, Social sciences -- Study and teaching -- Canada,...
This critical and selective annotated bibliography is restricted to books written for preschool through grade three. Each title in this listing of "black inclusive" items is accompanied by a commentary whose length depends on the merits or faults of each book. The editors have recommended the books or have not according to the following rationale and criteria: whether a black perspective has been taken into consideration in writing the book; the dimension of blackness in the book; how...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Analytical Criticism, Annotated Bibliographies, Bias, Biographies, Black Achievement,...
Based on the hypothesis that certain elementary texts generally assign negative unrealistic, and tertiary roles to technical-vocational work modes, the study indicated that quantitative and qualitative bias in favor of professional work modes does exist in elementary reading textbooks. Jobs occupying positions of less status, i.e., technical-vocational and unskilled, are mentioned (1) less frequently, (2) less realistically, (3) less positively, and (4) less emphatically than professional and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Basal Reading, Basic Reading, Career Choice, Career Development, Childhood Attitudes,...
A dissertation study done by the author examining the bias against women in American histories of education is discussed in this paper. The educational histories selected for the study were categorized by recognized high professional quality and high academic status. Each book analyzed concentrated on different subject areas of educational history, and all were current except one. The first hypothesis of the study was that both pre-World War II and modern American histories of education, under...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bias, Doctoral Dissertations, Educational History, Educational Research, Females,...
Studies on the portrayal of minorities, older persons, and females in elementary and secondary school textbooks used in the 1970s are reviewed in this publication. The studies are divided into the following categories: American Indians, blacks, Hispanics, Asian and Pacific Island Americans, religious groups, older persons, and females. In the latter section (females), reading textbooks, mathematics textbooks, science textbooks, and foreign language textbooks are discussed separately. Also...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American Indians, Asian Americans, Black Stereotypes, Elementary Secondary Education,...
Designed for curriculum directors, teachers, and others as they conduct inservice education activities which focus on helping those who have primary responsibility for selecting and evaluating instructional materials, this volume presents selected sections from Volume I of the "1982-83 Michigan Social Studies Textbook Study." In this study, ten frequently used eighth-grade U. S. history textbooks were examined to determine the extent to which they reflected the pluralistic nature of...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bilingual Students, Check Lists, Cultural Pluralism, Disabilities, Ethnic Bias,...
xii, 257 leaves ; 29 cm
Topics: Indians of North America -- Canada -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Alberta, Textbook bias --...
Background information about gender inequity is provided, and the assertion is made that educators must recognize that many of the problems females encounter are begun and perpetuated in the schools. Visual literacy is part of the change that schools must make in order to make greater strides toward gender equity. Two connections between visual literacy and gender equity are female images and the exploitation of those images in popular media, and the portrayal of gender stereotypes in textbooks...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Change Strategies, Childrens Literature, Elementary Education, Females, Gender...
This report summarizes an informal survey to determine how extensively inter-ethnic materials are being used in suburban school districts in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. Data was obtained from responses to a questionnaire distributed to some 100 teachers and administrators from 20 districts enrolled in two courses, fall 1968. In no school or district did a percentage of black or other minority students constitute an appreciable proportion of the student body. Information was sought on the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Audiovisual Aids, Bias, Board of Education Policy, Content Analysis, Curriculum...
The treatment of the Negro in junior and senior high school history texts is analyzed in a fairly extensive description of 13 widely used books. The document calls attention to the earlier evaluation made by historians of the texts used in the California schools (see ED 017586) and includes an excerpt from that report. In this review the senior high school text entitled "The Rise of the American Nation" by Todd and Curti is ranked the most satisfactory for its discussion of the Negro...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Black History, High Schools, History Textbooks, Junior High...
Five fifth grade and five sixth grade textbooks commonly used in Michigan public schools were examined to determine the extent to which they (1) reflected the pluralistic nature of the U.S. society and also (2) showed scholarship, educational soundness, and appropriate readability. Six of eight independent and qualified educators reviewed and rated textbooks on bias; one on scholarship and religion; and one on educational soundness and readability. All ratings were done according to criteria...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Evaluation Criteria, Grade 5, Grade 6, Intermediate Grades, Public Education,...
The second installment of comments from the Task Force on Social Sciences Textbooks: Grades five through eight is presented in this document. The first comments, covering part of the textbooks, were attached as an appendix to "Report and Recommendations: Task Force to Evaluate Social Science Textbooks: Grades Five Through Eight" offered in related document ED 063 521. Specific and general comments are given on the remainder of the basic textbooks, and brief remarks provided on...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Education, Minority Groups, Multicultural Textbooks, Secondary Education,...
Fifty of the most frequently used social studies textbooks in Missouri are evaluated. The focus of the textbook evaluations is the handling of racial minorities, especially the American Negro. Criteria are outlined for adequate textbook coverage of prejudice, discrimination, and minority groups in the areas of American history and government, world history, and geography. It is felt that inadequate and biased attention has been given to immigration, slavery, resistance to slavery,...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, Black Culture, Black History, Black Studies, Civil Rights,...
Metadiscourse, or an author's presence in a text, and its benefits for improving textbooks and children's learning and attitudes are explored in this paper. Through a historical review, the paper reveals that using the interpersonal voice and the author's commentary are legitimate rhetorical devices. Interviews with prominent contemporary rhetoricians disclose various ideas for improving textbooks with metadiscourse. The paper then discusses a descriptive study of metadiscourse in social...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Authors, Reader Text Relationship, Reading Attitudes, Reading Comprehension,...
This report is the first in a series of three executive handbooks designed to help school administrators move toward the goal of sex equality. Findings are presented from some of the studies of sex stereotyping that have been made of the content, illustrations, and language in textbooks and children's trade books. Suggestions are offered to counteract sex stereotyping in educational materials including contacting publishers, establishing guidelines for accepting new materials, and developing...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Books, Childrens Literature, Elementary Secondary Education, Feminism, Instructional...
Despite current emphasis on racial problems, few books present honestly the Negro experience in the United States. Adolescents' and children's books portraying Negroes in realistic situations have increased over the past two decades, but they comprise only 1% of the total output of books for young people. Textbooks that include Negroes or Negro culture are few. In recent years, some attempt has been made to integrate reading primers, but most history texts are still "disappointingly full...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Black Achievement, Black Attitudes, Black Community, Black Culture, Black Education,...
Various articles include the following concerns: a year-long study shows that 66 books about Asian Americans are elitist, racist, and sexist; practical guidelines for selection of nonracist, nonsexist books are provided; a noted playwright looks at the image of Asian Americans in children's books and finds it racist science fiction; the demystification of textbooks that juxtapose distortions of Asian American history alongside with statements of historical reality is stressed; a member of the...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Asian Americans, Asian History, Bibliographies, Books, Childrens Literature, Chinese...
This document, Volume II of a two-volume report on the extent to which four elementary level social studies programs reflect the multi-racial, multi-cultural nature of American society, contains individual reports of each reviewer. Fifteen reviewers examined textbooks and accompanying instructional materials according to the degree to which they accurately reflect our multi-cultural society, portray people from other areas of the world, are concerned with the handicapped and women, are adequate...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Bilingual Students, Cultural Pluralism, Disabilities, Elementary Education, Females,...
Studies have shown that textbooks have treated the black person as invisible or as a problem and generally have failed to note that bigotry has been a fundamental American attitude since the arrival of Columbus. One might have thought that by 1973 publishing houses would have eliminated the need for this type of criticism, but this is not the case. The Michigan Department of Education has reported on a study of 75 texts used in its secondary schools, and the results are chilling. To insure...
Topics: ERIC Archive, American History, American Indians, Black History, Females, History Textbooks,...
Some educators, especially those engaged in minority studies, are historically disenchanted with textbooks. They have sought alternative sources of information in multimedia. To test the effectiveness of a multimedia approach to change students' attitudes and increase factual knowledge, the Lawrence, Kansas, schools designed an experiment to compare learning in two sample groups, one using a textbook approach for a six-week unit on ethnic studies and the other using a multimedia approach. Pre-...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Educational Research, Ethnic Studies, Instructional Materials,...
Thirty-six textbooks used by the Pittsburgh public schools at grade levels K-5 were reviewed to see how they treat girls vs. boys and men vs. women. Language, reading, science, social studies, and mathematics texts were evaluated. Blatant sexism is found in all areas. Different ideas of behavior and mores are propagated for boys than for girls; words and pictures imply that men act in radically different ways from women, and that this difference is normal, natural, and socially valuable; males...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Educational Needs, Elementary Education, Females, Feminism, Kindergarten, Language,...
This review of a 1981 interim report on the United States' and the Soviet Union's distortion of events in history and geography textbooks is intended to encourage educators in both countries to depict the other side more honestly, less aggressively, and more appreciative of each other's virtues and flaws. Organized into two major sections, "Alleged Soviet Distortions" and "Alleged USA Distortions," examples of major distortions and factual errors presented in U.S. and Soviet...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Comparative Analysis, Content Analysis, Cross Cultural Studies, Geography...
Aspects of British education which are relevant to the study of world development are examined in this publication. The first three articles analyze respectively various textbooks, examination papers, and syllabi for attitudes, topics, and values presented in them which deal with developing countries in relation to world development issues. In History and Geography, Examining Boards are becoming more aware of the need to teach about the Third World and the syllabi and textbooks amplify these...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Developing Nations, Development, Global Approach, Test Bias, Test Interpretation,...
To ensure that future generations of girls as well as boys fulfill their potential without restriction, it is important that gender equity be taught in teacher education programs as a matter of course. Gender equity is defined as the set of behaviors and knowledge that permits educators to recognize inequality in educational opportunities, to carry out specific interventions that constitute equal educational treatment, and to ensure equal educational outcomes. Gender inequity is manifested by:...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Classroom Environment, Elementary Secondary Education, Gender Issues, Higher...
This research report focuses on the latent content of textbooks, the information attempting to instruct the child in ethical and moral values. Textbooks being used in the average classrooms in the United States today in grades one through six were examined and analyzed to discover the way the two sexes are portrayed and the types of behavior encouraged for each. The major focus of this analysis was textbook illustrations. Three major classifications were used: age, race and sex of individuals...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Elementary Education, Mathematics Instruction, Racial Discrimination, Reading...
Overwhelmingly, the cultures of schools reflect the norms of middle-class European-Americans. Many young Native Americans fail to adapt to this culture and are perceived as unacceptable and uneducable. Deprivation of a sound educational system and concomitant social relegation lead to dismal educational outcomes and subsequent effects on health, life expectancy, employment, and income. This monograph examines the still prevalent stereotypes and prejudices operating in mainstream society and...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Alaska Natives, American Indian Culture, American Indian Education, American Indians,...
In 1985, People for the American Way released its first review of biology textbooks that was inspired by the ongoing controversy over whether or not (and how) evolution should be taught in public school classrooms. The purpose of this review is to gauge how successful the response of educators and scientists have been at convincing publishers that teachers, parents, and state education leaders want biology textbooks that do not compromise science for sectarian ideology or confuse scientific...
Topics: ERIC Archive, Biology, Evolution, Science Education, Scientific Methodology, Secondary Education,...
