o
E
125
D3
BANCROFT
LIBRARY
o
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
1 . Submarine Valleys on the Pacific Coast
of the United States.
2. Standard Geodetic Data
3. Early Spanish Voyages of Discovery
on the Coast of California.
BY Prof. CEO., DAVIDSON, A. M., Ph. D.
Extract from Bulletin 6, California Academy of Sciences.
Tf-ffI .F/f'CFOFT
I o o C q 4-
"t
SUBMARINE VALLEYS ON THE PACIFIC COAST. 265
SUBMARINE VALLEYS ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF THE
UNITED STATE3,
BY GEORGE DAVIDSON.
Read at the Meeting of October 4th, 1886.
(This p per was illustrated witlw diagrams.)
The plateau of the Pa ific Ocean reaches a depth of 2,000
to 2,400 fathoms within as little as forty or fifty miles of the
Coast to the southward of Cape Mendocino. The descent
to these profound depths is not uniform, however, except
off the high range of the Santa Lucia. Generally there is a
marginal plateau of ten miles out to the hundred fathom
curve, and then the descent is sharp to five or six hundred
fathoms. Off the level and shallDw plateau of the Gulf of
the Faralloues, the descent is rapid within five miles of the
South East Farallones, and reaches 2,000 fathoms in fifty
miles. The determination of these great depths we owe to
the deep sea soundings of Commodore Balknap, of which
a full discussion was presented by me to the Academy in
1873-4.
Into this marginal plateau of one hundred fathoms there
have been developed, in the course of the operations of the
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, several remarka
ble submarine valleys. Notably that in Monterev Bay,
heading to the low lands at the great bend of the Salinas
River; and that off Point Hueneme at the eastern entrance to
the Santa Barbara Channel, also heading into the low coast
at the wide opening of the Santa Clara Valley. Then there
are one or two near the mouth of the Laguna Mugu, two or
three oft' the southern point of Carmel Bay, while the deep
est one enters far into the Bay. These all have remarkable
characteristics which I have heretofore brought to the no
tice of the Academy.
21 BULL. CAL. ACAD. Sci. II. 6. Issued January 11, 1887.
266 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Submarine Valley 1. The latest developments of sub
marine valleys are near the high, bold coast under Cape
Mendocino. A submarine ridge runs southward from
Point Delgada at Shelter Cove, in latitude 40 01', for ten
miles or more. Bat the depth of the marginal plateau at
100 fathoms is about six or seven miles from the shore.
Just north of this bank, off Shelter Cove, there has been
developed a deep submarine valley where it breaks through
the marginal plateau and runs sharply into the immmediate
coast-line under the culminating point of the crest-line of
mountains. The head of this submarine valley is 100 fath
oms deep at one and a quarter miles from the shore, and
the depth of 25 fathoms almost reaches to the rocks under
the cliifs. The mountain peak toward which it points is
4,236 feet above the sea and only two and a half miles in
side the shore line. The 100 fathom line lies six miles off
Point Delgada, but where the valley breaks through the
marginal plateau the depth reaches 400 fathoms. The slopes
of the sides of this valley are very steep.
Submarine Valley II. Hence northwestward to Point
Gorda the 100 fathom line of soundings continues nearly
parallel with the coast line except about midway, where a
minor submarine valley 300 to 150 fathoms deep stretches
sharply toward the shore, and within two and a half miles
thereof. The head lies two and a half miles south by east
from Spanish Flat, under the mount tins. But immediately
north of the point, there is a very deep submarine valley
which come^ in from the westsouthwest. and heads close un
der the shore three miles north of Point Gorda, and there
fore less than a mile north of the mouth of the Mattole
Kiver.
The head of this great submarine valley, at the 30 fathom
line, is only one-third of a mile from the shore in latitude
40 18J'. The depth of 100 fathoms in the valley is only
one and a half miles from shore, and the sides of the valley
SUBMARINE VALLEYS ON THE PACIFIC COAST. 267
are remarkably steep. The 100 fathom curve of the valley
comes close between the general 30 fathom curve on the
north and south, where they are one-third of a mile apart.
The opening of this valley through the edge of the 100
fathom plateau is 520 fathoms deep, and is only six miles S.
62 W. from Point Gorda. The barrier of coast line at the
head of this valley is over 2,000 feet high.
Submarine Valley III. Between Point Gorda and Cape
Mendocino there is a second submarine valley, a little
nearer to the cape. It comes in from the westward, but
does not indent the 20 fathom line along the shore, but the
depth of 100 fathoms in the valley is only one-third of a
mile outside the regular 25 fathom coast line, and lies five
miles S. by E. from Cape Mendocino light house.
The 450 fathom sounding in the entrance to the valley is
only six and a half miles SW. by S. from the cape, and this
valley is comparatively wide. Its north side is formed by a
30 fathom submarine plateau extending five miles from the
cape. This valley heads under the great mountain mass,
rising behind Cape Mendocino and reaching 3,400 feet ele
vation.
The bottom of the valley is green mud, and yet in two
places, at depths of 320 fathoms, broken shells were brought
up witli gravel. Both slopes of the valley are green mud
up to about 30 or 35 fathoms, when the bottom changes to
fine gray sand.
Between the two submarine valleys of Point Gorda (II.)
and Cape Mendocino (III.), the submarine ridge carries 50
fathoms out for four and a quarter miles from shore; the
bottom is green mud outside of 35 to 40 fathoms, with fine
gray sand inside.
Northward of the Cape Meudocino submarine valley, the
irregular bottom off Cape Mendocino, marked by Blunt's
reef, stretches well to the westward of the usual coast
268 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
depths, and is thence spread oat towards Him bold t Bay as
a broad and comparatively shallow plateau.
T\vo problems aro at once suggested by these submarine
valleys. One is eminently practical. Steam coasting ves
sels bound for Humboldt Bay, when they get as far north
as Shelter Cove in very thick fog.-;, haul into the shore to
find soundings, and then continue parallel with the shore.
One vessel has been lost by failing to find bottom until close
upon the rocky coast. This steamer doubtless sounded up
the axis of the deep submarine valley off King Peak, and
could find no bottom. Had the existence of this valley
been known, the vessel would have proceeded in a more
guarded manner.
The second bearing which these great submarine valleys
have, is upon the deep sea fauna which must be brought
close under the shores, the more especially as they bring in
the colder waters coming down the coast outside of the in
fluence of the close inshore eddy current to the northward.
STANDARD GEODETIC DATA. 319
STANDARD GEODETIC DATA.
COMMUNICATED BY AUTHORITY OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY.
BY PROF. GEORGE DAVIDSON.
Read October 18, 1886.
In the development of the main triangulation of the Pa
cific Coast, it was early discovered that large and irregular
deflections of the plumb-line existed at the triangulation
stations, whether they were situated on the mountains or in
the plains.
When the main triangulation was undertaken it embraced
lines of unusual length, and one part of the scheme was the
projection of a network across the continent along the 39th
parallel.
In order to collect standard geodetic data for the compu
tation of the geographical positions on this coast, Assistant
Davidson planned at the outset to have the latitude observ
ed at each triangulation point; and he also observed the az
imuth of some one line in the series of directions which were
observed from the same station.
This scheme of triangulation commenced from an accurate
ly-measured base-line of nearly eleven miles in length sit
uate in the plains of Yolo county, California. From this
line it was carried by quadrilaterals to the Coast Range of
mountains, as far west as Mount Tamalpais; and from the
line Mount Helena Mount Diablo it stretched across the
great valley of California to the line Mount Lola Bound
Top. This scheme of triangulation was named by the Su
perintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Sur
vey the "Davidson Quadrilaterals." The observations at
all the stations have been shown to be remarkably satisfac
tory, and the discussion has been rigorously carried out in
21 BULL. CAL. ACAD. Sci. II. 6. Issued January 11, 1887.
320 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the computing division of the Survey, under the direction
of Assistant Schott. From the means already at hand, the
following summary of results is made known, wherein it is
seen that the accepted standard station for latitude is Mount
Helena, and the standard line for azimuth is Mount
Helena Mount Diablo. The tabulation exhibits the ob
served and computed latitudes and azimuths, the probable
error of each determination, and the deflection of the plumb-
line from the means.
Including the stations Mount Lola and Round Top,
which are the easternmost points of the " Davidson Quadri
laterals," in the Sierra Nevada, we have nine stations, at
each of which the latitude and azimuth were determined as
tronomically; and we shall take the mean results derived
from all these observations for the formation of the stand
ard values (f Q and .
The direct results of the astronomical observations for
latitude require two corrections : one, the reduction to the
station point A; the other, the correction for curvature of
the vertical or reduction to the sea level. The lieights re
quired for the latter purpose are given in Appendix No. 10,
Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1884, (Mount Lola
being 2,796.4 metres, or 9,175 feet; and Round Top 3,173.5
metres, or 10,412 feet above the level of the sea.)
For the expression of the curvature between the sea-lev
el and the altitude of the station, we have (see Clarke's-
Geodesy, pp. 101-102), 8 y= rB i nl " (t m ~ e ') sin 2 ?- Put -
ting | m e'=0.0052 l , and log. (r sin 1")= 1.490, then for h,
the height in metres, and /V the correction in seconds of
arc we have for the latitude <f>
'V= 0.000167Asin2?; or [n6.212]A,
for the average latitude 39; the number within brackets
being a logarithm.
1 . G. Zaehariae, in his Principal Geodetic Points (German transla
tion by Dr. Larape, Berlin, 1878), prefers the value 0.00513.
STANDARD GEODETIC DATA.
321
GEODE1IC OR STANDARD LATITUDE ^ OF MOUNT HELENA,
FOR THE "DAVIDSON QUADRILATERALS."
tz!
c
Astronomical
Year
Observed
33
M o
Eed'n Re d'n
ii*
Adopted
of
Astron'mic'l
il
to
to
Se\
~ -
s 5 .
Q,
Geodetic
Latitude.
A-G
':
Station.
Obn.
Latitude.
-3 O^
5T
A
Level.
4
t^
(G).
1
S. E. Yolo Base.
18 C
38 31 34.52
0.06
0.45
0.00
34.07
38 31 35.41
1.34
2
N.W.YoloBase.
188038 4' 37.34
0.07
0.13
0.01
37.20
:i8 40 38.03
c.83
3
Mouticello
188038 3946.51
0.09
0.31
-0.15
40.05
38 39 43.8.-
+2.20
4
Vaca Mt..
1880 3 i 22 23. 3^
OO'i
+0 37
0.12
23.63
38 22 27.02
3 39
fl
Mt. Diablo. . . .
176 37 52 49.59
0.06
I w ** '
0.00
-0.19
49.40
37 52 48.70
+0>0
6
Mt. Tamalpais.
1882 37 55 19.04
0.08
0.04
0.13
1887
37 55 20.69
1.82
7
Mt. Helena
1876 38 40 01.02
0.06
+0.47
0.22
01.27
38 40 04 26
2.99
8
Mt. Lola
187939 25 57.98
0.06
22
0.46
57.30
39 2o 53 34
+3.96
9
Round Top. .. .
1879
38 39 46 89
0.08
+001
52
46.38
38 39 43.64
4-2.74
Mean . . .
0.09
The mean difference, A G, is small, approximating
zero, as it should be. We have, therefore, retained and
adopted for the present ? for Mount Helena 38 40' 04. 26",
with a probable uncertainty of 0/'59. The average local
deflection in the meridian is about 2. "2.
GEODETIC OR STANDARD AZIMUTH a o OF DIRECTION MT. HELENA
TO MT. DIABLO, FOR THE "DAVIDSON QUADRILATERALS."
Observed ! ^
N3 ^ HH
Adopted
No.
Station
To Station
Astronom
a 3
-!
||i
Geodetic
f
Occupied.
Observed.
ical
8 |
| s:
5 8*5'
Azimuth
Q
Azimuth.
o>
*
> B
(GO
t ' >
, ,
ff
,,
f ff
, f
1
S. E. Yolo Base.
N. \V. Yolo Base.
163 07 13.51
+0.18
0.00
13.51
1630715.07
1.56
2
N. W.Yolo Base. S; E. Yolo Base.
343 05 02.35
0.16
0.00
02.35;
343 05 04.03
1.68
3
Mouticello !Mt. Helena
91 04 25.16
0/21
-0.00
25.16
91 C4 23 79
1.37
4
Vaca Mt S. E. Yolo Base.
235 38 36.44
0.28
, 0.00
36.44
235 38 33.47
^2.97
5
Mt. Diablo iMt. Helena
144 28 16.13
0.15
*
144 28 15.06
-1.07
6
Mt. Tamalpais. Mt. Diablo
274 15 15.39
0.14
0.01
15.38
274 15 15.71
0.33
7
Mt. Helena Mt. Diablo
324 01 24.86
0.19
*
324(1131.0*
6.18
8
Mt. Lola Mt. Helena
67 21 62.57
0.17
0.1H
62.41
67 21 59.55
- 2.86
9
Round Tor Mt. Helena
90 58 53.67
0.13
0.16
53.51
90 58 53.01
-0.50
Mean. . .
-0.11
322 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
The mean difference is sufficiently near zero to retain
the old value, and we adopt for the present Mount He
lena to Mount Diablo:
324 Or 31."01 00."64.
This value will slightly change after the Mount Lola and
Bound Top observations shall have been finally adjusted.
The average local difference in azimuth is about 2/'l.
At the stations Mount Diablo and Mount Helena the as
tronomical azimuths were referred to a mark and not to a
triangulation point, and the same is the case at Mount Lola
and at Bound Top.
The references to the stations marked by an asterisk [*]
in the preceding table would therefore be arbitrary since
the results must depend on the adjustment of the directions
of the figure; but by applying a correction which is the
mean of all the corrections to the lines at the stations, the
reference of the astronomical meridian to the geometrical
figure of the triangulation is effected with respect to all di
rections; thus for the two stations in question: /
At Mount Diablo:
Observed azimuth of the reference mark (Clay ton) =
9 42' 25. "92 West of North; hence, astronomical azimuth
of the mark = 170 17' 34."08
Or when reduced to the sea level= 170 17 34. 07
At Mount Diablo the mean correction to the
six adjusted directions is -j- O."023
(0."11); this added to the observed
geodetic direction of the azimuth
(25 C 49'17."194) gives- 25 49 17. 217
Hence with the corrected direction to Mount
Helena (see below) = 359 59 59. 273
The angle between the mark and Mount He
lena, adjusted^ 25 49 17. 94
and the astronomical azimuth referred to
Mount Helena becomes 144 28 16. 13
as given in the preceding table.
STANDARD GEODETIC DATA.
323
Similarly at Mount Helena:
The Observed Azimuth of the reference
mark (Woods)= 189 18 14. 36
the same reduced to the sea level 189 18 14. 37
The mean correction to four adjusted direc
tions at the station is O."032 ( O."13) .
The angle between the mark and Mount
Diablo adjusted^ 225 16 49. 51
Whence the Astronomical Azimuth, re
ferred to Mount Diablo^ 324 01 24. 86
We have also the following table of adjusted directions
at these two stations:
AT MOUNT DIABLO.
AT MOUNT HELENA.
Result of
!
* M
Result of
s n.
CD
8 ^
Direction to
Station
Oi*
3'
Direction to
Station
a,?
If
Adjustment
g-
Adjustment
"c'N
tn *""
5-TO
"
S-TO
Off,
/x
ff
ft
ff
Mt Helena
359 9 59 918
.645
59.273
Mt Diablo
Monticello
20 03 30.611
20 19 59.481
25 49 17.194
38 39 09 129
.102
+.319
+ .086
30.509
59.800
(17.217)
09.215
Mt. Tamalpais
Azim. Mark (Woods)
33 43 57.138
225 16 49.650
306 46 16.069
340 03 44 097
4- .008
621
57.441
(49.618)
16.077
43 476
Vaca Mt
Azim. Mark (Clayton)
North West Base...
Vaca Mt
South East Bise
43 24 20 921
+ .524
21.445
Mt. Tamalpais
310 12 09.218
.047
09.171
Mean =
0.032
Mean = +
0.023
Tables of resulting adjusted directions were prepared for
all stations, because the respective mean corrections are to
be applied to all other directions not yet adjusted before
they can be submitted to the process of the next figure ad
justment which ordinarily is of a secondary character.
For the standard Longitude of the triangulation about the
Yolo Base Line, we have to retain at present the telegraph
ic longitude of San Francisco station at Washington Square,
A 87* 09m 38. 34 sees, (see Coast and Geodetic Survey Report
for 1884, Appendix No. 11, p. 424) and derive from it for
324 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Mount Helena the value ;. C =122 C 38' 01." 41. [This gives
for the present astronomical and telegraphic longitude sta
tion, Lafayette Park in San Francisco, the longitude west
of Greenwich=8/i 09m 42.72s, or 122 25' 40." 75.]
These standard geodetic data ? ;. are subject to
changes hereafter; but generally they are best retained
and the small corrections are noted, so long as the changes
do not exceed the respective probable errors of these quan
tities.
EARLY CALIFORNIA LANDFALLS. 325
EARLY SPANISH VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY ON THE COAST OF
CALIFORNIA,
PROF. GEORGE DAVIDSON, A. M., PH. D.
Read at the meeting of the Academy, Monday, October 18, 1886.
The following tabulation exhibits in a condensed form
the identification of the "landfalls" of Cabrillo and Fer
relo, in their explorations of the coast of California in 1542
and 1543, from Cape San Lucas to latitude 42 30'.
During my work on the Pacific Coast of the United
States since the spring of 1850, I have been deeply inter
ested in the discoveries and explorations of the early Span
ish navigators. My special duties have made me peculiarly
well acquainted with the coast line, and I have thought it
my duty to establish the identity of the landfalls, which I
believe I have clearly done. Unfortunately, the great
length of the paper in which I have given the details of the
narratives of Ulloa, Cabrillo, Ferrelo, Drake and Vizcaino,
and my explanations, together with a chart, precludes its
publication by the Academy at this time; and it has been
presented, in exte)iso, to the Superintendent of the U. S.
Coast and Geodetic Survey for publication.
This tabulation contains the resume' of the identifica
tion of the ointy oight places which Cabrillo and Ferrelo par
ticularly mention. In it are shown, in parallel columns,
the names by which Ulloa, Drake and Yizcaino designated
the same localities, together with the modern names. The
latitudes of Cabrillo and Ferrelo were given only to a third
of a degree, with an occasional qualification of "a little
more," or c< a little less," while the large and nearly constant
errors indicate very defective instruments. The present
latitudes are taken from the published charts of the United
States Coast and Geodetic Survey.
It should be understood that the whole of the work em
braced in the paper and in this condensed statement has oc
cupied much of my unofficial time during the last two years.
326
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
THE LANDFALLS OF CABRILLO, (C), AND FERRELO, (F), WITH
AND THE PRESENT
7
1
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
K
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Dates,
1542,1543.
Name of place by Cabrillo
and Ferrelo.
Latitude by
Cabrillo and
Ferrelo.
Names by Ulloa, Drake or
Vizcaino.
Jun. 2!, 1542
Apr. 14, 1543
Jun. 2& 1542
July 2, 1542
El Puerto de Navidad
El Cabo de Corrientes
La Punta de California
El Puerto del Marques
del Valle
C.F..
2oy 2 , o..
24 "and
more," C. .
Do
El Puerto de la Navi
dad. V.
El Cabo de Corrientes.
V.
La Bahia de Santa
Cruz. U.
La Bahia de San Ben-
arbe.V.
La Bahia de San
Abad. U.; La Bahia
de Santa Marina.V.
/
El Puerto de la Mag-
dalena. V.
La liahia de Santa
Marta.V.
La Bahia de las Bal-
lenas. V
Abreojos, V.'s chart
La Isla de San Roque.
U.V.
El Puerto de la Cruz. .
El Puerto de San Lu
cas . . .
Do
July 6, 1542
July 8, 1542
> <.
(i
" 13, 1542
CF..
25, ....F..
25. C. F..
F..
El Puerto de La Trin
idad.
La Punta de la Trini
dad
Una Isla
El Puerto de San Ped
ro ...
25%, F..
F.
La Bahia de San Mar
tin
July 19, "
< i
" 25 '
U i (
" __
26, F...
27 C. F. .
Una Gran Ensenada
El Puerto de la Mag-
da'eua
La Punta de Santa
Catalina
27 J, F..
27*, F..
28, F..
28, F..
El Puerto de Santiago
Habre Ojo.
Punta y Puerto de
Santa Ana
Una Isleta obra de una
legua de Tierra ....
EARLY CALIFORNIA LANDFALLS.
327
THEIR NAMES BY ULLOA, (U), DR\KE, (D), AND VIZCAINO, (V),
NAMES AND LATITUDES.
No.
Present Name of the
Place.
Latitude,
/
Correction to
C., F. or D.
Remarks.
1
r
O
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Port Navidad
19 13
20 25
23 23
23 23
22 52
24 20
24 17
24 17
24 32
24 44
(sfi It is more than prob-
' able that Cabrillo assum
ed the latitude as given
by previous navigators.
Cabrillo did not observe the
latitude. "They say it is
in latitude 23 Y' F.
The S. E. point of Santa
Marga-ita Islind.
The island is 22 miles long.
There is no gulf; but the
lowland north of Cape
Lazaro slightly recedes,
and would mislead a nav
igator in a small vessel
in the offing.
Ferrelo says: "It is 40
leagues from the Bay of
San Martin to this coast.' '
A dangerous reef of visible
and sunken rocks.
[Jlloa saw the two islands,
Asuncion and San
Roque.
Cat)e Corrientes ....
-05'Cjrf....
37', "and
more' ' C . .
37', "and
more" C..
Cape Pulino
Anchorage under Cape
Pulmo
San Lucas Bay
Santa Marina Bay
Cape Tosco
Santa Margarita Is
land
40' F..
43' C. F..
-58' F..
Magdalena Bay
Santa Maria Bay..
Pequena Bay and
Point
26 14
26 19
26 45
26 46
27 07
27 09
46' C. F..
San Domingo Point
and Anchorage
Ballenas Bay
45' F..
44' F . .
53' F...
51' F..
Abreojos Rocks
Asuncion Point and
Anchorage
[sland of San Roque..
328
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
THE LANDFALLS OF CABRILLO, (C), AND FERRELO, (F), WITH
AND THE PRESENT NAMES
No.
Dates,
1542, 1543.
Name of place by
Cabrillo and Ferrelo.
Latitude by
Cabrillo and
Ferrelo.
Names by Ulloa, Drake
or Vizcaino.
18
19
20
21
2
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
July 27, 1542
July 31, 1542
Aug. 1 "
2 "
Aug. 2, 15 J 2
(( C tl
Mar. 2^, 1543
Aug 11, 1542
" I/ 1542
" 19 "
" 20 "
Mar. 21, 1543
Aug. , 1542
Sept. 4, 1512
" 8 '
" 11 "
" 11 '
' 11 "
" 17 "
Mar. 18, 1513
El Puerto Fondo
F
El Puerto de San Bar-
tolome.V.
L;i Isla de Natividad
de Nuestra Seiiora.
V.
La Isla de los Cedros.
U; La IsladeCe;-
ros. V.
La Bahia de San Hi-
polito. V
La Isla de San Ger-
onymo. V.
El Cabo del Engano,
30, U.
Do.
La Bahia de las Vir-
gines. V.
La Isla de Cenigas. V.
La Isla de San Hil-
ario. V.
La Ensenada de To-
dos Santos. V.
[Anchorage"]
F
El Puerto de San Ped-
ro Vincula
28J "and
inore," F. .
F..
F..
29, F..
30 "scanf'F
30J, F . .
3Q%, F. .
31, C..
31, F..
31%, F..
F
La Isla de San Este-
ban
Una Euseuada Grande
La Isla de Zedros ....
El Puerto de Santa
ClaiM
La Punta del Mai Ab-
La Isla de San Bernar
do
El Cabo del Eugano.. .
La Punta del Engano.
El Puerto de la Poses-
ion
La Isla de San Augus-
tin
F..
32%, F..
33, C . .
33, F . .
F. .
[Anchorage, 7 leagues
fromSau Angus tin.]
El Cabo de S.m Mar
tin
El Cabo de la Cruz....
El Cabo de Cruz
Una Isleta
El Puerto de San Ma-
teo
33%, F..
EARLY CALIFORNIA LANDFALLS.
329
THEIR NAMES BY ULLOA, (U), DRAKE, (D), AND VIZCAINO, (V),
AND LATITUDES.- CONTINUED.
No.
Present Name of the
Place.
jatitude, Correction to
' C., F. or D.
Remarks.
18
Table-Head Cove, or
7 11
San Pablo Bay
19
Bay of San Cristoval
20
Port banBartolome..
7 39 51' "and
more" F .
21
S^atividad Island ....
7 53
Dhe Afegua, or Bird Island
ot Father Taraval, 1734.
22
Sebastian Vizcaino
7 45
This is the Gulf of San
Bay .
to
Xavier, of Father Tara
8 35
val. It is 50 by 60 miles
in extent.
23
Cerros Island
28 02
58' F. . .
They anchored under- the
south shore. This is the
Anialgua,or Fog island of
Father Taraval, 1734.
24
La Playa Maria Bay .
28 55
65' "scant''
F
They anchored here.
25
Point Canoas
29 25
65' F
26
Sau Gerdnimo Island
29 48
- 42' F
,
27
Point Baja
29 56
r 64' C
Point Baja
29 56
64' F
28
Port San Quentin. ..
30 24
66' F..
29
Sail Martin Island . .
30 29
30
San Ramon Bay
30 49
31
Point Santo Tonias
31 33
57' F.
The anchorage under the
or Cape Sau Tomas
cape
32
Grajero Point, or Ban
31 45
-75' C.
Distance from Cape San
da Point
Martin, 4 leagues.
Do
31 45
75' F..
33
The Todos Santos Is
31 48
lauds
34
The Eusenada in To
31 51
-89' F..
Anchorage in the north
dos Santos Bay . . .
east part of Todos Santos
Bay.
330
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES.
THE LANDFALLS OF CABRILLO, (C), AND FERRELO, (F), WITH
AND THE PRESENT NAMES
No
Dates,
1542, 1543.
Name of place by Cabrill
and Ferrelo.
Latitude by
Cabrillo aud
Ferrelo.
Names by Ulloa, Drake or
Vizcaino.
3c
Sep. 26,27,
1542
Las Islas Desiertas. .
34, F .
Las Islas de los Cor-
onados. V- Las Islas
3
Sep. 28, 154
Mar 11 154
El Puerto de San Mig
uel . . .
34%, F.
de San Martin, V.'s
chart.
El Puerto de San
Dieo V El Puerto
3
Oct. 7 154
La Isla de San Salva
F
Bueiio de San Di
ego, Ws chart.
La Isla de Santa
dor
Cathaliua V
38
Oct. 7, 154
La Isla de la Vittoria.
.F.
39
Oct. 8, 154
La Bahia de las Fu
35, F.
La Bahia de los Fue
gos
F.
40
Oct. 9, 154
[Anchorage]
F
41
Oct. 10, 1542
Los Pueblos de las
Canoas
35%, C..
Mar. 8, 1543
El Pueblo de las Can
oas
35%, F.
f
49
Oct. 13, 1542
[Anchorage]
F
43
Oct. 14, 1542
[Anchorage!
F
44
Oct. 15, 1542
[Anchorage] . .
F
45
Oct. 16, 1542
[Anchorage!. .
F
46
Oct. 17, 154-2
Anchorage!. . ,
F
Nov. 2-6, "
Ei Pueblo de las Sar-
diuas
C..
-
Los Pueblos de las
F
Sardiuas
47
Feb. 12--14,
543
El Puerto de las Sar-
dinas
5%, F..
48
Nov. 1, 1542
El Puerto de Todos
Santos. . . .
F..
49
El Pueblo de Xexo
F
50
Dct. 18, 1542
(i <
SI Cabo de la Galera..
1 Cabo de Galera ....
W%, C..
J6 W "and
more." F..
EARLY CALIFORNIA LANDFALLS.
331
THEIR NAMES BY ULLOA, (U), DRAKE, (D), AND VIZCAINO, (V),
AND LATITUDES -CONTINUED.
No.
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Present Name of the
Place.
Latitude,
o /
Correction to
C., F. or D.
Remarks.
Los Coronados Islands
San Die a o Pay
32 25
32 40
33 27
32 49
34 00
34 05
34 17
34 17
34 22
34 24
34 25
34 27
34 27
34 28
95' F..
100' F..
He has one of the largest
errois in the best-known
port.
At the great depression
across the island.
A few miles east of Santa
Barbara.
Ferrelo says the Indian
name was Cicacut.
There are two Coxo's. The
Coxo Viejo is one mile
east of the usual anchor
age El Coxo.
La Punta de la Coucepcion
of recent Spanish naviga
tors.
Santa Catalina Island.
San Clemente Island
Santa Monica Bay ....
Do
The Anchorage off La
guna Mugu
-GO'' "F '..
-63' C..
63' F . .
San Buenaventura ....
Do.
Anchorage off " the
Riucon"
Anchorage off " the
Carpiiiteria"
Anchorage 4 or 5 miles
west of Goleta Point
Anchorage off the Can
ada del Kefugio. . . .
Anchorage off Gaviota
Pass.
The Indian Villages at
Gaviota Pass
Do
Anchorage off Gaviota
Pass
34 27
34 28
34 29
34 27
34 27
73' F . .
123'C....
93' " and
more" F. .
Anchorage off El Coxo
Indian Village at El
Coxo
Point Concepcion, 01
Point Conception
332
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
THE LAND FALL 5 O7 CABRILL9, (C), AND FERRELO, (F), WITH
AND THE PRESENT NAMES
No
Dates,
1342, 1543.
Name of place by Cabrillo
and Ferrelo.
Latitude by
Cabiillo and
Ferrelo.
Names by Ulloa, Drake or
Vizcaino.
5\
52
53
'54
55
56
57
58
59
GO
6]
62
Oct. 14, 1542.
" 18 "
" 25 '
Dec., 15i2
Dec., 1542
Jan. 3, 1513
Mar. 5, "
Oct. 25, 1542
Mar. 5, 1543
Jan. 29, 1543
Mar. 5, 1513
Jau. 10. 1543
Feb. 14,
Nov. 11, 1542
Nov. 11, 1542
La Isla de Sau Lucas.
Las Islas de Sau Lucas
La Isla de la Posesiou
La Isla de Posesiou. .
Una de las Isl s de
San Lucas ....
La Isla de Jnau Rod
riguez
El Puerto de la Poses
ion
[DaugersJ ..
La Isla de Sau Lucas.
La Isla de San Sebas-
tinn
F. .
La Isla de Baxos. V.
/
La Isla de Cleto. V.
La Isla de San Am-
brosio.V.
La Sierra de Santa Lu
cia. V.
C.F..
... C. F..
F. .
C..
F.
C. F..
F.'s contort.
F
F.'s consort
F
La Isla de San Salva
dor
C..
37, C.F..
El Rio de Nuestra
Senora
Las Sierras de San
Martin
EARLY CALIFORNIA LANDFALLS.
333
THEIR NAMES BY ULLOA, (U), DRAKE, (D), AND VIZCAINO, (V),
AND LATITUDES. CONTINUED.
No.
Present Name of the
Place.
Latitude,
o /
Correction to
C., F. or D.
Remarks.
51
52
53
*54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
The three Islands,
Santa Cruz, Santa
Rosa and San Mig
uel
They overlap each other,
and were seen as one
great island.
One large Santa Cruz and
Santa Rosa overlapping
and one small, which was
San Miguel.
Ferrelo says the Indian
name was Ciquimuymu.
So named by Ferrelo to
commemorate Cabrillo's
death on the Island.
Cabrillo and Ferrelo win
tered here in 1542-43; it
is on the north shore of
San Miguel island.
The rocks and reefs off the
northwest shores of San
Miguel island.
Ferrelo says the Indian
name was Nicalque.
Ferrelo says the Indian
name of the island was
Liniun.
Cabrillo and Ferrelo did
not see it. They learned
of its existence north of
Pt. Concepcion, from
Indian information, when
in the Santa Barbara
channel.
This mountain range is 50
miles long, and overhangs
the coast line. The cul
minating point is Mt.
S^nta Lucia, 6,000 feet
elevation and 12 miles in
side the shore.
San Miguel, and then
Santa Cruz and San
ta Rosa as one
34 03
San Miguel Island . .
Do
Do.
Do.
Cuylers Harbor
Wilson Rock, &c
Santa Rosa Island ...
Do
3i 03
34 06 i
33 57
Santa Cruz Island . . .
La Purisima, or Santa
Ynez River
34 02
34 42
36 03
87' C. F..
Sierra Santa Lucia
23 BULL. CAL. ACAD. Sci. II.
Issued January 11, 1887.
334
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
THE LANDFALLS OF CABHILLO, (C), AND FERRELO, (F), WITH
AND THE PRESENT NAMES
No.
63
64
65
66
67
68
^
Dates,
1542, 1543.
Name of place by
Cabrillo and Ferrelo.
Latitiide by
Cabrillo and
Ferrelo.
Names by Ulloa, Drake
or Vizcaino.
Nov. 11, 1542
Nov.' 11, 18,
1542
El Cabo de San Mar-
tiu . .
38, ....F..
37%, F . .
28%, C F..
La Punta de Pinos.
V.
Portus Novae Albionis
38. D.
El Puerto de San
Francisco. V.
El Cabo de San Mar
tin
Nov. 18, 1542
El Cabo de Nieve, ...
(de las Sierras Nevad-
as)
La Baia de Finos.
Nov. 16, 1542
. C
La Bahia de los Pinos
El Cabo de Pinos . .
El Cabo de Piuos
El Cabo de Fortunas.
39 "and
more," F. .
40 "and
more," C..
40, F..
41, C..
Nov. 14, 1542
Feb. 25, 1543
Mar. 3, 1543
Feb. 26, 1543
r
EARLY CALIFORNIA LANDFALLS.
335
THEIR NAMES BY ULLOA, (U), DRAKE, (D), AND VIZCAINO, (V)
AND LATITUDES. CONCLUDED.
No.
Present Name of the
Place.
Latitude.
Correction to
C., F. or D.
Remarks.
63
Point Pinos
}6 32
88' F
64
The Twin Peaks .
36 03
87' F
The height is 5 100 feet
65
66
Black Mountain
The Santa Cruz
37 09
9V F
and the distance 3%
miles inland.
The mountain mass 13
miles behind Point Auo
Nuevo.
Embracing Black Mount
mountains
ains.
67
Anchorage in Drake's
Bay
38 00
00' D. . .
The northern part of the
Gulf of the Farallones.
Drake's Bay, or the
Gulf of the Faral-
lones
38 00
60' ' and
more," F. .
"A great gulf," Cabrillo.
(Una Ensenada Grande.)
68
GO
7"
The Northwest Cape.
Do.
King Peak, behind
PuntaDelgada
38 31
38 31
40 00
89' "and
more" C. . .
89' F
-60' C . . .
The mountain mass just
east of Fort Ross anchor
age, and reaching 2,200
feet elevation.
The mountain mass north
ward of Shelter Cove,
with King Peak, only 10
miles inland and 4,235
feet elevation, as the cul
minating point.
*i i
!
