Allen's Synonyms and Antonyms

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/

ALLEN'S SYNONYMS

AND

ANTONYMS

Thia On

BT2B-W3A-NRKO

ALLEN'S
SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

BY

F. STURGES ALLEN, A.B., LL.B.

Late Oeneral Editor cf
"WEBSTER'S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY"

HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS

NEW YORK AND LONDON

Aluen's Synonyms and Antonyms

Copyright, 193 1, by Harper & Brothers

Copyright in Great Briuin

The property right of Harper & Brothers in this work is acknowledged
in the United States of America and in the countries subscribing to
and adhering to the Berne Convention creating an Interna-
tional Union for the protection of Literary and Artistic
works, as Revised, and the property right in this work is
reserved underall Conventionsand Treaties! n force.

All rights reserved, including the right oftrandation into the Scandinaman
languages and into other languages

Printed io tbe United States of America
i-u

To My Friend

JAMES BROOKS COMINS, M.D.

In appreciation of the watchful care which re«
stored me to health, in the year 1914, mak-
ing possible the carrying on and com-
pletion of the work, on this book.

NOTES OF EXPLANATION

affected. — ^When a person deliberately uses a diction which is not natural
and is not chosen simply in order best to convey his meaning, his use
of words is affected. This is ordinarily due to prudery, excessive niceness
or fastidiousness, undue desire for show, or a desire to support some
pretense, as of sympathy, refinement, etc. There are in English
various words which are typically so used in some senses, and they
are followed in this book by the word '* affected,'' as where delectation is
used for delight, peregrinaior for pilgrim, canfect for make, emporium
for markei, limb for leg, avaunt for away, etc.
Common forms of affectation are the excessive use of euphemisms
(see EUPHEMISTIC, below) and intensives.

archaic. — ^Words that belong to the past but have now fallen into disuse
in ordinary language, but are for some reason retained in particular
uses, as in poetry or for their flavor of archaism, are followed by the
term archaic. Archaic uses may survive with particular individuals,
as when the word positive is pronounced with the i before the v long
(as in pine), or the word oblige is pronounced with the i sounded as ee.
Among the very many words archaically used in English are: ghastful
for aiarming, anhungered for hungry, bestow for apply, host for army,
facete for facetious, hostel for inn, inform for deformed, etc.

A word may become obsolete or archaic in general use, but be
retained in professional use or in some stock phrase, as !e< in ** without
let or hindrance^' hearse or herse for bier in certain ecclesiastical usage.
Archaic uses often shade almost insensibly into those that are poetic,
learned, or rare.

bookish. — Some words are literary in that they are little used out of
books, but still lack any special literary associations aside from the
fact that they are rather more formal than ordinary words or that they
''smell of the shop." Terms decidedly of this character are often
termed bookish (and are so marked in this book), as horrific for horrible
or frightful, Hntinndbulum for bell, verve for ardor, horrific for fearful.
The use of such words often smacks of preciosity or stiltedness. Of
course here, as in all matters of usage, there is no definite line of dis-
tinction setting off bookish words as a group from those usually felt
to be literary, learned, technical, or pedantic. Cf. tech., below.

coUoq. — ^Those words are designated as colloq. (that is, colloquial) which
are usually and properly common in ordinary speech or conversation,

•

vu

NOTES or Bxn.AirATioir

but lack the dignity of association which is neceesary to make tbem
appropriate for formal or elevated discourse.

The use of these words in ordinary conversation is not suggestive
of vulgarity, but when used in formal or elevated discourse they lend
an air of flippancy or illiteracy that is offensive to good taste. Words
which have not become recognized as in good usage even to the extent
of being colloquial are designated as slang (which see, below). The
appropriate use of colloquial words lends a charm and easiness to
informal conversation without which it is likely to appear affected,
stilted, or pedantic.

A few examples of colloquialisms are: milksop for coward, fill for
depart, cabby for cab driver, sin'np for liberty, ado for fuss.
contextual. — As used in this book the word contextual is used for brevity
in place of "a conUxtwd sense or usage." Very many words depend
more or less upon their context or the circumstances of their use for a
part of the sense or meaning which they are intended to convey. Thus,
when the question is asked, "Have you done your arithmetic?", we
must know the facts with reference to which the question was asked
in order to know what done implies, as learned, memorized, or worked
the examples of. This dependence of a word upon its context or the
circumstances of its use exists, to a greater or less degree, in all cases
where a word of more general meaning is used in place of a word of a
narrower, or specific, meaning. Thus, whenever we use (fo in this way,
we must in each case look beyond the word itself to know the particular
implication which it is intended to have.

An almost imlimited nim:kber of contextual synonyms might in this
way be given in any dictionary of synonyms, as for example animal
under horse, cow, child, man, woman, insect, etc.; emotion under passion,
frenzy, love, hatred, joy, happiness, etc.; move under rush, go, dart, run,
walk, creep, glide, etc,

I have attempted to avoid uselessly cluttering the pages of the book
with an excess of such synonyms, but have added general words as
synonyms where it was felt that they would be of service to the user
of the book.

Examples of the use of contextual occur on most of the pages, as after
ecclesiastic under monk, girl under hussy, product under offspring, mark
under brand, etc.
euphemistic.^^ne often has occasion to express what is in itself un-
pleasant or is conventionally tabooed in direct expression, by using
terms that have less offensive suggestions than would be involved in
those precisely or bluntly indicating one's meaning.

The use of euphemisms is a notable feature of primitive races or
customs, as where the Greeks designated the avenging Errinnyes by
the name Eumenides (a name which arose as a euphemism, and literally
means, "the gracious ones"), or where we use tntericoted for drunk or

1

HOm OF BZFLANATION

howeh or intestines for giUa (a word once in polite usage and still proper
in some connections). Other words wholly or often used euphemistic-
ally are infidelity for aduUery, intimacy for iUicU amours departure
for deaihf innocent for simpleton. So any word of pleasant connotation
may be used in place of a word of unpleasant suggestion whenever the
intended sense will be conveyed.

fig. — ^When the use of a word in the sense for which it is given involves a
consciousness that it is more or less transferred or figurative in use,
the word is followed hyfi^g. (torfi^guraiive). This has resulted in many
words being marked J^. which are not figurative in any sense that
would imply that their use belongs to what is rhetorically called
figurative, flowery, or ornate discourse; but merely that the sense
though establish^ in English usage is not one in which the con-
sciousness of transferred or figurative use is yet entirely forgotten,
and without the J^. there might be a momentary difficulty in sensing
the connection. This is the case with blaspheme for abuse, whip for
abusSf or cosmic for consistent, voice for speaker, day for time.

Proper names conventionally used as synonyms are also designated
as fi^., where the consciousness of the figure still exists, as where
Boanerges is used for speaker, Castalia or Hippocrene for spring, CycUh
pean for massive.

formal. — I have designated by formal those words which are charac-
teristic of formal or precise discourse, as where insular is used for
island (as an adjective), protasis for beginning, chamber for bedroom.
Here again it is difficult to draw the line between those sufficiently
formal to be so designated and those which are not, and I have omitted
the designation when there seemed to be any question about its
correctness.

intensive. — ^When the intensive force of a word is a noticeable element of
its meaning the designation intensive is added after the word. In
many cases a prefix is added to a word so as to form a new word, but
in an intensified degree. The commonest prefixes so used are be- and
en- or em-, as in bedeck, becloud, bespatter, embolden, empoison, enchain;
but en- and em- are now little used in new combinations, and be- usually
has a suggestion of excess, often with a note of contempt or disgust,
as in bedeck, begem, becalm, bespaUer, bedraggle. The intensive force
is plainly felt in some of the older words, now obsolete or archaic, as
in beshrew (thee), bethink (thee), and in many modern forms, such as
bedew, enfeeble, empoison, enchase, encamalize, etc. In many cases
the intensive force of the prefix em- or en- is lost and the compound
word has become the ordinary term, as embitter (rather than bitter),
encircle (rather than circle), emboss (rather than boss). The em-
phatic form is in some cases so far restricted to poetic use as to justify
the denomination poetic.

learned. — Many words are common enough in learned discourse, written

ix

ITOTBB OF KXPI.ANATIOV

or Bpoken, but are nevertheless quite out of place in ordinary general
literature or conversation. Technical terms (here marked as tech.)
are essentially of the learned class; but many other words which
cannot properly be classed as technical and yet are not generally
known to those of ordinary education, are in this work followed by
the word "learned." It would be ridiculous to designate as fcam«d all
words not understood or which are not at all, or but imperfectly,
understood by those with only a grammar-school or even a high-
school education, for of these words, many will be more or less familiar
to one person and strange to another, who in turn may know well
words unfamiliar or unknown to the first. Words of this class are
lugubrious, dolorous, matutinal, venial, fallacious, inimical, and these
are left unmarked, though at times it is difficult to draw the line
between them and those marked affected, learned, or literary.

Those words designated as learned, therefore, are only those about
which there seems to be no question and concerning the nature of
which a warning should be given to the user of this dictionary. Among
them are: indite for compose, mordacious for biting, decollate for behead,
autochthonmis for native. Learned words are often, like technical
terms, more exact in their meanings than more common words.

literaiy. — Many words are chiefly restricted in use to hterary expression
notable for its elevation in form or taste or to formal addresses couched
in such language, and these are designated as literary. Such words
carry a suggestion of studied elegance of expression or of learning that
would lend to their use in colloquial or technical discom-se an appear-
ance of pedantry, stiltedness, or affectation.

Many or most of these words have once belonged to ordinary dic-
tion, but have by a long restricted use been set aside for this more
studied or elegant discourse,as burgeonioT bud,distrait for ahsent-^ninded.
The setting apart of words in this way is a process continually going
on in English. Further common examples of "literary" words are
froward for perverse, fruition for enjoyment, imbrue for slain, impugn for
attack, Thespian for dramatic, array for dress, decease for die, fuliginous
for smaky, infelicitous for unhappy. Cf. formal, above.

obs. — -The abbreviation obs. (for obsolete) is put after such words as have
fallen into disuse but have seemed notable enough to warrant their
inclusion among the synonyms. Smce Chaucer's time many thousands
of English words have become obsolete, and the presence of even a
large part of them would mar a book of English synonyms of to-<iay.
The art of printing has now, as it were, stereotyped our English vocabu-
lary, BO that in these days words comparatively seldom become ob-
solete. Indeed, there is at present rather a tendency, consciously or
unconsciously, to retain or revive words already partly or wholly
fallen into disuse, as is seen in the lai^e number of words marked

I

I
I

vrchaic.

A

NOTES OF EXPLANATION

Therefore, where there has seemed to be some literary or other
sufficient reason for including in the book an obsolete word, I have not
hesitated to do so, as in case of pleat for braid, pleasant for buffoon^
wick for viUage.

obsolescent — ^Where a word has begun to fall into disuse, but still has
use enough so that it would be inappropriate to designate it as rare
or obsolete, I have added the designation obsolescent. As already said,
words do not now so often become obsolete, the influence of the printing-
press being to keep in use the vocabulary which we already have.
Words that are simply falling into disuse and so are obsolescent (as
incommodious for inconvenierU, quiz for hoax) are to be distinguished
from archaic words which are consciously retained in use or revived for
the sake of the flavor of archaism associated with them. Cf . archaic,
above.

rare. — ^The term rare after a word denotes that the word is rarely used
in general literature. Rare words consist mostly of those which now
and then appear in literature but have never become common. Thus,
fledgy for feathery, affright for fear, desipient for foolish were first used
many years ago, but they have never become established in general
use. Some words now rare were once common; where the fact of their
former frequent occurrence is of notable interest these are usually
designated as now rare. Rare words ordinarily are of a more or less
learned or pedantic character, and hence their use is often affected to
produce a humorous or ironical effect.

ifaetoiicaL — ^The word rhetorical is used to designate words which are
characteristically used in language that is artificially or extravagantly
elegant, or that specially seeks to convey an extreme or exaggerated
effect, as where mighty is used for big, or mellijluous for melodious, or
wroth for angry.

slang. — ^When a word as a whole, or in the given sense, has a certain
arbitrary use, but is considered as generally below the level of educated
speech, it is designated as slang.

Slang generally consists of new words or new uses of old words;
but this is not necessarily so. Mere newness does not make a word
or sense slang, for many of the new words and senses of words in all
departments of life, especially in the arts and sciences, are not slang
in this sense, though they might come under the very broad sense
of slang as equivalent to jargon, or technical terminology (cf. tech.,
below). Generally speaking, the use of slang is not only inconsistent
with a refined or elegant diction, but also with that seriousness and
dignity which is felt to be essential to the general course of conduct and
speech.

Occasionally, terms which arise as slang, such as hoax, jitney, and
&u«, are accepted into good usage, but the great bulk of slang words
(such as newlywed for benedict, dope for medicine, claret for blood,

xi

NOTES OF EXPLANATIOIV

buster for blust^er or a big thing) remain slang as long bb they
are used.

spec. — The word specif (abbreviated in the text to spec.) denotes that
a word is a synonym of the title word only in having a specific, or
particular and restricted, sense which is included among those for
which the title word may be used. Specific senses are at the opposite
extreme from words which have such a general meaning that they are
denominated contextual {which see, above).

It is noteworthy that the more exact a person becomes in his designa-
tion or description, the more specific are the words which he uses.
Such words when correctly used conduce to accuracy, but they corre-
spondingly narrow, often belittle, the meaning.

The designation spec, therefore, often serves as a useful or needed
warning that a word given as a synonym is so much restricted in its
meaning that it is not to be used as a general equivalent of the other;
in many other cases this is obvious without the spec, which is then given
merely for the sake of uniformity. For examples consult entries on
almost any page at random, as depart, horse, perceive, shrine, child,
offspring.

tech. — The abbreviation tech. (for technical) is added after words such
as pomiform for apple-shaped, ramus for branch, squama for scale,
sternum for breastbotie, which are chiefly found in, and characteristic of,
technical usage. Many, perhaps moat, of such words are occasionally
to be found outside of technical literature, but their use then nearly
always gives an impression of learning or pedantry. Many technical
terms are the mere jargon, or slang (in the broad sense), of a trade
or profession, and such terms are not ordinarily included in thia
book.

It is to be noted that technical, as well as learned, terms are ordinarily
more specific and exact in meaning than popular words, and are also
barren of much or all of the connotations which lend to the commoner
words their richness of meaning.

£^ Various characterizations of words other than those given above are
used in this book, such as British, U.S., hist, (for historical), antiq. (for
antiquarian or antiquities), stilted, etc. Such designations have mean-
ings readily inferred from their ordinary significations, and there is
nothing in their relation to general usage or to each other to call for
explanation of them here. Thus, the designation British is equivalent
to "only or distinctively in British usage"; U. S., to "only or
distinctively in use in the United States"; hist., to "used in historical
reference or discourse"; anliq., to "used by antiquarians or in
reference to antiquities"; stilted, to "characteristically used in stilted
discourse."

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TfflS BOOK

a. Mljective.

adj adjeetive.

•dv adverb.

Af., Afr Africa.

Am. America.

anat. anaUuny.

antiq anti9uitiee.

arch architecture.

arohaol archaolocy.

astroL astrology.

astron astronomy.

Bib BibUoal.

bioL biology.

bot. botany.

Brit. British.

Can. Canada.

of confer (L.« oomimre).

ehem chemisUy.

ooUoq colloquial.

eonj conjunction.

dial dialect, dialectaL

dim. diminutive.

eecl ecclesiastical.

econ. economics.

elec electrical.

Engl English.

esp especially.

etc et cetera (L., and so forth).

ethnol ethnology.

ezelam exclamation.

f em. feminine.

fig figurative, figuratively.

Oer •••••••.• German.

her heraldry.

hist historidd, history.

infin infinitive.

interj interjection.

math mathematics.

med medidne.

metal metallurgy.

metaph metaphysics.

meteorol meteorology.

min mineralogy.

mythol mythology.

n noun.

New Eng New Eni^and.

obs obsolete.

obsolesc obsolescent.

p participle.

philos philosophy.

physiol physiology.

^ pliual.

Port Portugese.

p.p participle past.

p. pr participle present.

prep preposition.

pron pronoun.

Kyohol psyoholcMiy.

C. Ch Roman Catholic Church.

Scot Scottish, Scotland.

sing singular.

So South.

Sp Spanish.

spec specific.

tech technical.

theol theology.

U. 8 UnitedStates.

v verb.

var variant (spelling).

V. i verb intransitive.

V. t verb transitive.

soOl Bodlogy.

CROSS REFERENCES

Every cross reference from a word is to some other synonymous word,
under which it is given either merely as a synonym or by way of a recip-
rocal reference at the end. This latter is often done where there are
two groups of synonyms of overlapping signification.

The matter in smaller type at the foot of the page consists entirely
of cross references, the words in the italic type in each case having, under
the main vocabulary entrance, a list of synonyms including the word
referred from. Thus, "obloquy: abicsey discredit^* means: "see in the
main Vocabulary the words abuse and discredit^ where the word obloquy
will be found as one of the several synonyms of the other words/'

DIVIDING NUMBERS

Under many of the vocabulary entries the synonyms are divided
into numbered groups, so as to keep together the synonyms for any one
sense, because the synonyms of a word in one sense usually differ in
whole or in part from the synonyms of the word in a different sense.
Where the distinction between the senses is not obvious, I have intro-
duced a brief hint or definition so as to make this plain, as under abridge
merU, arrangement, ask, v. t., assembly , hose, n., heak. Frequently the
difference in meaning between the senses is made clear or more obvious by
the following antonyms, as under absolute j ask, v. t., branch, body, benefit.

• • •

xui

- » * * • ^

* • • % »

•■ - • « .

- » V U

ALLEN'S SYNONYMSi

AND

ANTONYMS

ALLEN'S SYNONYMS

AND

ANTONYMS

abujtt

abftndoiit V. t leave, quit, desert, remit,
renounce, forsake, desolate {rare), forgo
{rare or archaic), drop, discard, surrender;
gpec. evacuate, forswear, maroon, consign,
bolt; see relinquish, fobgo» abdicate,

SUBJECT, STOP.

Antonyms: see keep, continuBi accom-
pany, APPROPBIATE.

absmdomed, a. 1. corrupt, reprobate, un-
principled, depraved, hardened, irreclaim-
able, mcorrigible, irreformable, irredeem-
able, lost; spec, shameless; see dissipated.
Antonyms: see conscientious.
S. forlorn, lorn {literary), destitute {rare),
castaway, outcast, derdict, deserted, de-
sert {archaic),
S. See uninhabited.

abMe, V. t 1. With "himself** "ihemr
selves," etc., a< direct: degrade, lower, de-
base, demean {not in good usage), sink
{rare), stoop {rare)^ bemean.
1. humble, humiliate, reduce, disgrace,
prostrate, lower, mortify {rare or spec.);
spec, depose, disrate, dusrank, dis^ude,
discrown, uncrown, disbench, disbishop,
disbar, dispurple, unchurch, discepter.
AnUmyms: see advance, elevate, dig-
nify.

abasement, n. Spec, degradation, debas-
ing, humiliation, disgrace, etc.

abash, v. t. disconcert, confound, confuse,
discountenance, dash, embarrass, awe;
9pec. shame, overawe; see intimidate.
Antonyms: see cheer, encourage.

abashed, a. disconcerted, confounded,
confused, ashamed, etc.

abate, v. t. & i. 1. destroy, abolish, reduce.
Antonyms: see build, preserve.

S. reduce, decrease, curtail, diminish, r&-
mit, lower, depress, lessen, abridge, slack-
en, mitigate, relax, slack; «pec. qualify,
intermit, drop, fall {v. i.), sink, subside
(v. i.), flatten, wane (t^. i.), allay.
Antonyms: see increase, intensitt.

abbreviate, v. t. 1. See shorten.
S. Referring to words: shorten, clip, re-
duce, contract, prune.

abdicate, 9. t. abandon, relinquish, re-
sign, demit; — aSl four contextual.

abdomen, n. belly {now becoming tndgar,
exc. cui referring to animals), paunch {dys^
logistic, exc. of an animal), pod {mdgar),
corporation {chiefly spec.; coUoq. or vuU'
gar), guts {pi.; cant or vulgar); spec.
epigastrium.

abdominal, a. ventral, visceral, hemal
{tech.), alvine {rare); s^. cceliac, uterine,
abdominous {rare), big-bellied.

abduot, V. t. transport {contextual), kid-
nap, rape {esj). in p. p. & p. a. "rapt":
archaic), ravish (literary; often with
"atiwy"), spirit {chiefly with "away*');
spec, crimp, shanghai.

abhor, t;. t. dislike {contextual), detest,
hate, contemn, despise, abominate,
loathe, nauseate {rare).
Antonyms: see uke, love, admire.

abhorrence, n. dislike {contextual), de-
testation, despisal, hate, abomination,
hatred, antipathy, nausea, disgust, loath-
ing, aversion, horror.
Antonyms: see ueing, love, admira-
tion, AFFECTION.

ability, n. 1. Referring to the ability to
do a particular thing: competency, capac-
ity, power, efficiency, sumciency.

Crou nftrtnctt: lee Note.
•baft: haekward.
atettofr: 9lauahUrhou$€,
r: convent.

abdnoe: xoiihdraw.
aberrant: abnormal, wandtrinot
vnuoual.
•bet: aid, incUo.

abide: atay, dxoM, tarry,

<»ntx«, oiickt inhero.
abide, V. tj mdurot await.
abiding: Uulingt eonoiant,

See Notet of Bsplaaatleii*

Antonymt: see inabiutt.
t. /n a general seme: capability (often
in pi., twin "of great eapabiiilies"), power,
caliber, strength, energy; spec. Biuge,
parts (pi.; orcAatc or iil^ary) , maeteniness.

AnUmj/ms: see inabujt*.
•. Referring to a concrefe ^utdiiy: talent,
facility, hang (eoUoq.), gift, art, trick,
knack; spec, himd; see skill, endow-
ment.

AntonjfTrut: see disabiut?.
abfaot, a. servile, slavish, sneaking, grov-
eling, wormy (A?), cringing, liangdog
(eoSoq.), reptile (rare), underfoot (rare);
gee OBBEQDioce.

Antonffms: see AsamasG, asscbed, IU-

•bjiue, V. I. 1. recall (amtextual), far-
Bwear, unswear (rare).

Antonyms: tee maintain, btatk.
S. See DISCLAIM.
»ble, a. I. qualified, competent, capft-
ble, effective (chiefly spec.), Hufficient.

Antonyms: see incapable.
S. clever, gifted, talented; spec, accom-
plished, notable (archaic or rare).
t. powerful, competent, strong, mighty
(rA«fa>ricai), masterly; see skilful,
leabnt:d.

Aiiionyms: see weak.
abnormal, a. exceptional (amlextiuil),
irregular, erratic, anomalous, anomalistic
(rare or tech.), aberrant, eccentric, heter-
oclite (rare or gram.), anormul (rare);
apee. amorphous, bastard, unnatural;
see HONSTRODB.

Antonyms: see normal, ordinaet.
Kbodo, n. I. residence, habitation (for-
mai or stilled), inhabitance (ojti.), hat>-
itanoe (obs.), dwelling, house, quartets
Ipl.; ehiffty spw.), seat (archaic or poetic),
nome, domicile (chiefly legal), tenement

fchiejlj/ spec.), place (contexttuU), rest
rare), hole (in contempt), habitat (chiefly
bot. and toSl.), fireside (fig.), neat (fig.),
harbor (archdie or liierary), cunabula (lit'
erary); spec, place, camp (temporary),
!iomest«aa, headiguarters, residency, hos-
tel, hospice, hoepitium. haU, court, palace,
bibemaoulum or (rare) hibemacte, man-
sion, college, curatage, vicarage, novitiate,
Magdalen or Magdalene, legation, hos-
telry, wigwam, hentage, hermitary (rore),
ooUectorate, burrow, barracks (pI-L' see

QnARTERS, BDXISB.

X. See STAT.
•boUih, B. I. 1. annul, cancel, nullify,
_...■'. T Scot.), quash, disannul (em-
phaiiefoT "annul"), rescina, remove, abro-
gate; spec, (chiefly in reference to laws)
antiquate, overrule, overturn; see re-
voke. INTALmATB.

Antonyms: see establish, confirm,

9. overthrow, overturn, subvert, eradi-
cate, remove, extirpate, suppress, exter-
minate, extinguish, destroy; apec. reform;

see ABATE, NULLIFY, ANNIHILATE.

Antonyms.- see establibh. concludk.
abomltiAble, a, 1, odious, detestaUe, ex-
ecrable, hateful, damnable, accursed,
heathenish (eoUoq.), nefarious, impious,
hideous, horrible, horrid (now rare or liter-
ary), horrific (rare), nefandoua (rare),
nefand (ois.), nameless, unutterable, un-
speakable.

Antonyint: see estimable, ATTHACXrvB.
S. disgusting, foul, loathsome, loathful,
loathly (fiffror^). loathy (arcAaic), beastly,
vile, nefandous (archaic), revolting, shodk-
ioB, putid (rare), nameless.

Antonyms: see fleabant, attractive.

abomlusto, v. L abhor, detest, dislike
(contextual), execrate, hate.
Antonyms: see love, like, admibb.

•bort, V. I. bear (contextual), cast (referring
to beasts only), slink (chiefly dial., referring
to beasts only).

ibortlon, n. 1. miscarriage, cast (refer-
ring to beasts only), slink or slinking (refer-
ring to beasts only).

9. misconception, freak, monstrosity,
come- to-naught (rare).

•bound, f. i. t. exuberate (rare); spec,
superabound.

9. overflow, flow, swim, teem; spec, lux-
uriate, revel; see swarm.
iboundlni. a. replete, plenteous (arcAo-
ic), flowing, full, fertile, fruitful, rife (rare),
flush, teeming, swimming, fat, ridi; see

Antonym*: see infrequent, deficient,

about, ads. & prep. I. around, round,

circa {Lolin).

1. nearly, approximately, proidniately,

almost, nigh, well-nigh, circa (Latin).

1. round, circuitously; spec, alternately,

successively.

t. helter-skelter, zigxag.

t. concerning, anent (Scot.), touching.

of, regarding, on, after, respecting, quoM

(Loiin), re (Latin).
about, a. As used predieaiivcly after "is,"

"iBos," etc.: 1. Aloot, etimng, going,

moving, doing (coUog.).

i. near, ready, nigh (orcAaic).
abova. adti. & prep. i. over, upon, on.

1. adv. See aloft.

I. beyond, exceeding, surpassing, over;

spec, super- (o prefix), hyper- (a prefix).
Antonyms; see below.

I
I

t^ Bee MatM ot Eiplaaatloa.

aferftde, r>. t. rub (eontezttiol), wear; spec.

fret, srind, grate; see bcbape.
*br»*lon, n. rubbing or rub [amtexiual),

nearing or wear; spec, fret, graze; see

kbrulTg, a. abtadent, Bcrapy; apee. fret-
ting, graty (,eoUoq.).

»bMalT«, n. abradent, abrader (rare);
«pee. carborundum, emery, sand, pumice,
shagreen, putty, bort, rouge.
AJiionyTru: see LUBaicUTT.

■biBsat. a. beside, alilce (eontextuaJ),
alongside; spec, aligned, parallel, even.

Kbttdf*. V. t. 1. abbreviate, compress,
brief, reduce, contract (daefiy apee.), con-
dense, compact, epitomise, sum (chUfiy
wUh up"); *pee. razee, abstract, dock;

we BCIflIAiUZ£.

AtUonj/ms: see enlarqe, extend.

•bild(iiient,n. 1. Referring to the ad: ixm-
deasation, epitomization, compression,
reduction, abbreviation, contraction;
«pec. elision; «ee stmuARizATioN.

AtUonyms: see UNLABOBiiENT, EXTEN'
8I0H.

S. Referring to Wie resriU: spec, condensa-
tion, epitome, abstract, summary, sum,
compendium, compend (rore), brief, brevi-
ary or breviale {obs. or rare), digeat, precis
(tecA.; French), comprisal (rare), synopsis,
bulletin; see suhm&bt.

abrupt, a. 1. steep, sudden, sharp, quick,
angular.

Antonyms; see OBAnnAL.
a. offhand, sudden, hasty, unpremedi-
tated, precipitate, touWe-suite (.French),
outK)f-hand, jerky.
Ajilonyms: gee deuberate.

■baaoos, n. t. awayness (rare); Spec, non-
attendance, nonappearance, cut (eoUog.).

t. See ABBBNT-MINQEDNESB.

1. deficiency, privation {logic; a loose
uee), want; spec, destitution.
absant, a. 1. away, abroad {chiefiy tpee.),
elsewhere, otherwhere (rore); eoec. flown,
distant, ROne, exiled, banished, oversea,
noDattenoant.
Antonyms: see present.
t. defident, missing, wanting, privative
itefie: a loose use); apee. indigent (rare),
withdrawn, gone.

S. far-away, dreamy, abstracted, ab-
sorbed, distant, inattentive, vacant, pre-
occupied, distrait {literary; ckieiy as
Frtneh tnasc.), lost, abaent-minded, rapt
(rhetorical or literary); spec, musing,
breathlesB.

AnUmyms: see attentivb.
absent- mind eduet*, n. abstraction, ab-
sence, absorption, preoccupation, va-
cancy, inattention.

Antonyms: see attention.
■biolnte, a. 1, pure, perfect, consum-
mate, complete, total, entire, round,
blank, unqualified, dead, dear, positive,
utter, downright, sheer, thorough, thor-
oughgoing, stark, essential, mere {rare),
regular (cotto^.), teetotal (oMoq.), unal-
loyed, flat (chtefly eolloq.); see THOKoroH.

Antonyms: see PartiaI, Wpbsfect.
a. unrestricted, unqualified, unbounded,
independent, arbitrary, unreserved, un-
controlled, full, plenary, plenipotentiary
(chiefiy spec.), plenipotent, plenary; spee.
calegorematic; see atttocratic.

Ajitonyms: see restril-ted.
•. unreserved, unequivocal, unqualified,
positive, independent, unconditional, un-
conditioned, peremptory.

Antonyms: see conditjonal.

t. See ACTCAL, BELK-EXI stent.

right, plumb (chiefly U. S.; slang), plui
{chiefiy U. S.; slang), roundly, teetotally
{eotloq,), thoroughly, outright, altogether;
spec. out.

mbsolutlon, n. 1. forgiveness, freeing,
juatifioation (chiefly ecd.), clearance,
shrift (eccl.), assoilment (rare), discharge
(contextual).
Antonyms: see bbtaijation, punish-

«. See ACQinTPAL.
abiolva, V. (. free, forgive, clear, asaoil

AnUmyms:
ibaorb, v. t. I. drink (chiefly used with
"in" or "up"), imbibe, sop, occlude
(lecA,), soak, suck {chiefly vrith up"), re-

S. Referring to ideas, etc.: incorporate,
imbibe, drink (fig,), take (oontextual);
spec, merge.

1. occupy, engross, preoccupy, immerse,
aink, merge, bury, enwrap Qtierary), de-
vour, hold (eontextual), keep (coni^wil),

absorbed, c

imbromd : ieidf-sprtad, at
abtotata: oMuA, r>

ft

ipongy, apongous (rare), Borbent (rar.

ttirety (rare or Jig.), sorfaefocient (rare).
abiotblnf, a. engroHBmg;.
•taiorptlon, n. I. imbibilion, occlusion

(iecA.); spec, resorption (rare), reabsorp-

tion, Boatcing, tic.
Aiilonyma: *ee beflbctiok, baoiation,

S. incorporation, imbibition (rare); spec.

S. engagement, engrossment, preoccupa-
tion, prepoHBesdon.
Kbatain. i>. t. forbear, refrain, withhold,

stay, desist, patience (rare).
Anlonyma: see inddloe.
•batilner, n. teetotaler, hydropot (rare),

rechabito (fig.); spec, teetotum (Aumor-

out).
k1»temlou«, a. ascetic, austere, sober,

frugal, abstiaeut, temperate, abstaining;

»pte. teetotal, temperance (eoUng.).
Antonyms: see sEiir-GRATiFitNO, dbinx-

INQ, aUTTTONODB.

ftbitloanoa, n. abstaining, abstention,
withholdment (rare), nephelism (rare),
t^nperance, refrainment (rare), forbear-
ance (rare),

■bitraot, a. 1. ideal, metaphysical, trans-
cendental, imaginary (rare), visionary
(rare); see academic.

n. abridgment, conspectus, sy-
'llabus {chiefly law and spec?);
tet, brirf, note, headnote; see

Antonyms: see enlabgehent, extgn-

BION, WHOLE.

Mbitrkot, u. (. 1. withdraw, deduct, elimi-
nate, remove, subtract, aeparale (coJi-
texttiai); spec, embezzle, steal (figvTaiive

I. See BBuovE, euuUARizE, AsamoB.
AntonjfTns: see ma.

■bitraotlon, n. withdrawal, deduction, etc.

•bitruM, a. profound, recondite, abstract,
deep, high, dark, acroamatic (rare), diffi-
cult {contexluoi), esoteric (jig.), subtle;
spec, far-fetched.
ATdrmyms: see evident, cleab.

kbinrd, a. irrational, prepoateroua, un-
reasonable, false (contextual), fallacious,
sophistic, illogical, incongruous, incoher-
ent, incredible, nonsensical: spec, silly,
ludicrous, ridiculous, paraaoxical, seu-
Gontradictory.
Antonyms: see LOaiCAI., beasonablb,

bband*ooe, 1

I. plenty, plenitude (lit-

tude, affluence, fuUnesa, repletion, free> 1
nesB, luxuriance, opulence, wealth, ricb- 1
ness, prodigality, generosity, foison |
(archaic), cheap (arcAaic), routh (Scot,;) 1
spec, flood, exuberance, euper-abundanoe, 1
flow, heaviness, lavishness.
Anionymg: see DEnaENCJ, jnvbb-

QTJBNCY.

abundant, a. abounding, copious, gener-
ous, luxuriant, plentiful, plenteous (rare
or liieraTu), opulent, ample, liberal, pro-
fuse, rich, flush {chiefiy spec.), plenty
(chiefly coUoq.), fat (rare), free, effuse
(rare), bounteous, bountiful, affluent 1
(rare or lUerarif). numerous (rare); spec ]
generous, lavish, flowing, exuberant,
prodigal, thick, superabundant, profli-
gate, rife, teeming, heavy, unstinted,
biK.
Antonyms: see deficient, iNFREgUENT,

MEAGER, SCAMTT.

abundantlr. ada, abovmdinglv, copiously,
generously, galore (chiefly coUoq.), etc.

abui«, n. 1. misuse, misusage, ill-use, mi»-
employment (rare or spec.), abusing, mis-
haodhng, outrage, despite (archaic), per-
version; see ILI^^TBEATUENT,

I. reviling, revilement, vihfi cation, vitu-
peration, malediction, insultatioa (rare),
blasphemy (flg.), scurrihtv, libel, oppro-
brium, obloquy, contumely, ratmg, rib-
aldry, tongue-lashing; spec. Billingsgat«, j
blackguardism; see detauation, dibpa»- |

ArUanyras: see praise, euloot, fiat-

abnie, v. I. 1. misuse, misemploy (rare or
spec), mishandle, pervert, outrage; spec.
haze; see ill-tbeat.
Antonyms: see chebish.
S. revile, berate (obs. or rare in Eng-
land), vilify, vituperate, scuiriliEe, blas-
pheme (/iff.), slang (coitog,), whip (fig.),
nay, lash, conviciate (obs. or rare), mis-
call (rare or dial.), bullyrag (eoUoq.), flyte
(archaic or literary), tongue-lash; spec,
blackguard, curse; see inbui/i, dispaa-

AQE, DEFAME.

Anlonyma: see pka

abnatva, a. vilificatory, vituperative, in-
solent, blasphemous (fig.), despiteful (IH-
erary), insiilting, scurrilous, opprobrious,
scandalous, scurrile (arehaie), outrageous,
foul-mouthed (conteitual), dyslogistic (iit-
eror^ or learned; used of names, sejises,
etc.), contumelious, Thersitical C^.). rib-
ald, ribaldroua (archaic); spec, disparag-
ing, sarcastic, Fescennine (fig.); see db- J

I Bbiulng^ n,.' abwi

fS" Bee HDtM SI BipteoatloD.

ACCOBfPLISHED

AnUmyms: see FBAismo, laudatory,

FLATTERINO.

abut, V. i, join, butt (of seams, etc.); see

BORDER.

abyss* n. deep (poetic or rhetorical) ^ gulf,
abysm, swallow (rare), profound, pro-
fundity, chasm, pit, sink (chiefly spec.),
void.
Antonyms: see height.

Miademio, a. 1. collegiate, scholarly, scho-
lastic, derkly (archaic).
S. conventional, formal, cut-and-dried
(colloq.), budge (archaic).
t. theoretical, speculative; see abstract.

aooede» v. i. a^'ee. assent, consent, ac-
quiesce (tffith **in**), concede, yield, sub-
scribe, accord (tnth **tnth").
Antonyms: see disagree.

Acoemt* t^. t. accentuate, stress, emphasize,
ictus (tech.); spec, circumflect (rare).
Antonyms: see slur.

aceemt, n. 1. stress, emphasis, accentua-
tion, ictus (tech.); spec, circumflex, prime,
secondary.
1. See emphasis, modulation, tone.

aecept, v, t. 1. See receive, honor, be-
lieve.

1. recognize, embrace, adopt, take, re-
ceive (referring to laws, etc.).
Antonyms: see reject, decline.

»coeptable» a. pleasant, welcome, allow-
able, agreeable, gratifving, grateful, com-
fortable, gracious (archaic) ^ canny (Scot.);
spec, answerable, popular, liked, refresh-
ing; see PLEASANT, TIMELY.

Antonyms: see unacceptable.

»€>oeptaiioe» n. recognition, embracement,
reception (referring to latos, etc.), etc.; tak-
ing; spec, vogue.
Antonyms: see declination, refusal,
rejection.

Mtoepted, a. approved; spec, popular, con-
ventional, orthodox.

•ocessible* a. approachable, come-at-able
(colloq.), get-at-able (colloq.); spec, open,
patent (rare), ready, compassable, con-
venient, available.
Antonyms: see inaccessible.

aooession, n. 1. See coming, addition.
1. agreement, accordance, assent, assen-
tation (literary), consent, acquiescence,
concession, subscription, acceptance (vrith
"of"), sufifrage (chiefly spec).
Antonyms: see disagreement.

aooessory* a. 1. contributing, contribu-
tory, auxiliary^ supplementary! supple-
mental, adjective, extra, additional, ad-
junct, suppletory (learned), suppletive

(rare)^ accessary (the less usual form);
spec, incident (law), appurtenant.
S. adventitious, adscititious (rare), ap-
pendant, dependent, supervenient, ac-
companying, bye (rare or spec), collat-
eral, accessary (the less usual form).

Antonyms: see necessary.
S. abetting, privy, conniving, connivent,
confederate, participant, assistant, acces-
sary (the less visual form).
accessory, n. 1. adjunct, dependant, ad-
jective, belonging, accompaniment^ ap-
purtenance, appurtenant, concomitant,
mcident (law), accessary (the less usuoX
form); spec, property; «ee accident.
S. privy; spec, assistant, participant,
conniver; see accomplice.
seeident, n. 1. See chance, misfor-
tune, quality, accessory.
S. accessory, nonessential, external, in-
cident, collateral, unessential.

Antonyms: see essential.
accidental, a. 1. fortuitous, accessory,
nonessential, contingent, casual, subsidi-
ary, external, incident, collateral; spec,
stray.

Antonyms: see consequential, inten-
tional.

S. accessory, incidental, external, adven-
titious, nonessential, unessential, collat-
eral, subsidiary.

Antonyms: see necessary, fundamen-
tal, inherent.

S. ^ee OCCASIONAL.

acclimatise, t;. t, acclimate, season, nat-
uralize.

accompanimeiit, n. attendance, escort,
convoy (chiefly spec), etc.

accompany, v. t. attend, escort, company
(archaic), convoy (chiefly spec), follow;
svec. cavalier, esquire (rare), companion,
cnaperon.
Antonyms: see abandon.

accompansrims, a. attendant, accessory,
concomitant, comitant (rare).

accomplice, n. Spec, abettor, acces-
sory; «ee ASSOCIATE.

accomplish, v. t. complete, fulfill, per-
form, effect, achieve, do, attain, execute,
compass, effectuate, work, manage, con-
trive, dispateh, consummate, negotiate
(spec or colloq.), win, expedite (literary);
see FINISH.

accomplished, a. 1. completed, com-
plete, fulfilled, performed, done, con-
summate, etc.
Antonyms: see crude.
S. Referring to a person, his learning, etc,:

Cross references: see Note.
aby»8.

kte: quicken f fuuten.
tuate: aecerUt emphante.

ttUadc.

acccBsory.
eoolAlm: praiatt ahouL
aoollTlty: dope.

aooommodate: adapts con'
form, arranoe, furnish^ obliget
hold.

eocommodatliif; oblioino.

tS' See Notes of Ezplsnation.
5

AOOOMPUSHMEirr

finuhed, proficient, cultivated, polished
(ckujly spec.), beseen (archaic, as in "mdl
beseen ); spec, leai-ned, vereed, read, ex-
quisite.
ATUonyma: see boorish, ansTic.

KooompIlBlmieiit, n. 1. fulfillment, doiog,
completion, execution, conaummution,
perf oiTuance, work, achievement, manage-
ment, deed, feat (rejerriiw to an act),
negotiation {spec, or coUoq.); spec., dis-
patch, triumph.

1. (uauiMy in pi.) refiaement, embellish-
ment, acquirement, attainment, acquisi-
tion; spec, graces (pf.), proSciency, polish
[used in a generic sense; aa, "a man tvilh'
oui polish").

aocordlnBlyi adv. agreeably, oorrespond-
ingly, conformably, consiBtently, so, there-

a«conohear, n. obstetrician [chiefly spec),
man-midwife. "Accouckmir" is French,

aooonotaense, n. midwife, obstetrician
(chiefly spec,), howdie (Scot,). "Accou-
cheuse is French.

kooonnt, n. 1. See coupdtation, con-

SIDEBATIOK, IMPORTANCE.

1^ reckoning, tally, score (eliiefiy spec.).
S. statement, report, description, narra-
tion, Dairative, relation, recounting, re-
countal (rare), rehearsal, recital, recita-
tion, detailment, record, history (chiefly
Spec.), Btory, tale, rede (ardiaic or poelic);
»pte. chronicle, travels (p2.), Bununary,
detail; «ce anecdote, narrative.
4. score, tick (coUoq.), battels (pi.; Unio.
of Oxford), shot (archaic), reckoning.
account, v. i. Spec, report, return; see

SETTLE.

kcoountaUe, a. responsible, answerable,
liable, amenable; spec, good, solid.
Atdtmyms: see UN account ASLE.

aooountant, n. clerk (conteiiual), book-
keeper; spec, actuary (life ineiirance)^ au-
ditor, cashier, teller, controller, sirkar
{AnglO'ljidian),

■oooateimQiita, n. pi. equipment, gear
(ardtaic); spec, harness, clothing, dress,
trappings (pJ.).

ftoeredlted, a. credentialed, authorized,
sanctioned, acknowledged.

aooretloo, n. 1. See growth, AoniTiON,
GAIN.

t. concretion, adhesion.

enure, redound (said of oe?iefit«, advan-
tages, etc.); spec, veat, mature, attach, fall
jadefiy with "due").

aoomed, a. due, owing; spec, overdue,
matured, vested.

kocnimulata, v. t. A i. cumulate, mass,
amass, gather {asp. with "together"), pita J
(chiefly wUh "up"), heap (chiefly vnth
"up' ), agglomerate, aggregate, collect, '
congest, roll (chiefly wU/i"up"), acervato
(rare), coacervate (rare); spec, scrape
(wik "up"), gamer, store,
^nionj/ms.' see acATTER.

aoDomalatlan, n. amassment, cumula-
tion, agglomeration, conglomeration, con-
glomerate, aggregation, neap, ^gregate,
coUectioUj gathering, acervation (rare),
coacervatjon (rare); spec, congeries, hud-
dle, drift, litter; see store, stock.

oooniaoy, n. exactness, precision, pro-
priety, fidelity, justness, truth, etc. \

aoouxate, a. e.\act, precise, correct, just, |
faithful, true, close, critical, strict, nice,
proper, exquisite; see true.
Antonyms: see inaccithatb. inkkact.

Kccuried, a. anathematized, cursed (often
a vulgar oath), execrated, devoted,
damned (chiefly a indgar oath), doomed
(archaic), blasted (chiefly a vuigar oaih).
Antonyms: see blessed.

accusation, n. indictment, charge, inw
peachment, arraignment, denunciation,
taxing, delation (chiefly by an informer),
imp^h (rare); spec, complaint, attack,
crimination, recrimination.
Antonyms: see acquittal,

accuse, v. t. charge, indict, impeach, ar- i
raign, denounce, task, tax, attaint (or- I
chaie), delate (now bookish or tech.); spec. [
article, recriminate, criminate, incrimi-
nate, countercharge, report, attack.
Antonyms: see AcqniT.

aocuscr, n. Spec, plaintiff, prosecutor,
complainant, libellant, informer, inform- '
ant, delator.

acoustom, v. I. habituate, use, familiarise !
(rare), addict, wont, inure, hackney (used
Tirith "in"; chiefly in a bad sense); spec
train, naturaliEe;
ATilonyms: see d

Bcouitomed, a. 1. wont, wonted; spec .
natural; see addicted,

». See CDSTOMARY.

aoknowledEe, v. t. 1. allow, grant, admit,
agnize (archaic), avouch (rare), avoWi i
confess, recognize, yield, concede, testify I
(chiefly Bibliad); see answer.
Antfmyms: see contradict, deny.
J^ own, confess, recognize, admit, avow
(obs. or rare); spec, father, mother.

ACTION

t. profess, declare^ avow.

4. Meaning "to receipt for^\' receipt,
i. See NOTICE.

aoknowledcment, n. 1. confession, rec-
ognition, admission, allowance, grant, con-
cession, etc.
Antonyms: see denial.

5. profession, declaration, avowal.
aoqnalntaiice* n. Spec, friend, intimate,

associate, fanuliar.
Antonyms: see stbangeb.
aoqnalntedy a. 1. Referring to things: see

AWARE.

S. Referring to persons: spec, familiar
{which see). "Acquainted" implies no
more than mere personal intercourse and
has no general synonym. Cf. know, v. t.

aoqnired, a. Svec, learned, adopted, cul-
tivated, affected.
Antonyms: see innate.

acquisition* n. 1. Referring to the act or
action: gain, acquirement, acquist (lit-
erary); spec, purchase, usucaption, con-
quest; «ee getting.
Antonyms: see loss.

S. Referring to the thing: acquirement
{chiefly spec.), acquest (literary); svec.
spoils (p2.), purchase, trade, bargain, buy
{coUoq.); see gain, accomplishment.

acquisitive, a. qusestuary (rare); spec.
greedy.

acquit, V. 1. 1. See discharge, pat. behave.

t. exculpate, exonerate, clear, discharge,

absolve, purge, assoil (obs.), quit (obs. or

rare).

Antonyms: see convict, accuse, blame.

acquittal, n. 1. See acqufttance.
t. exculpation, acquittance (rare), clear-
ance, clearing, discharge, purgation (rare),
absolution (now rare or literary); spec.
compurgation, acquitment (rare).
Antonyms: see accusation, conviction.

acquittance, n. 1. See discharge, pay-
ment, acquittal.

S. Referring to the docum,ent: release, ac-
quittal (rare, exc. legal); spec, discharge.

acrid, a. 1. pungent, biting, acid, corrosive,
virulent, snarp, caustic, rou^h (contextual),
mordicant (rare), acrimonious (archaic),
vitriolic (spec, or fig.), hot (coUoq.).
Antonyms: see bland.
S. See acrimonious.

acridity, n. 1. pungency, roughness (corir
textual), bitingness, acidity, corrosiveness,
virulence, causticity.
S. See acrimont.

acrimonious, a. 1. See acrid.
a. tart, corrosive, acid, bitter, acrid,
sharp, cutting, caustic, pungent, virulent.

rancorous, atrabilious (rare), vitriolic,
sour, biting; see sarcastic.
Antonyms: see smooth, agreeable,

GOOD-NATURED.

acrimony, n. acidity, heat, acridity, viru-
lence, pungency, rancor, etc.; spec, sar-
casm, asperity.

acrobat, n. Spec, tumbler, vaulter, equil-
ibrist, rope-walker, contortionist, funam-
bulist.

across, vrep. on, over, athwart, over-
thwart (rare), thwart (archaic or poetic),
cross (now chiefly dial, or poetic).

act, n. 1. Referring to an act considered
as a whole without involving the idea of the
time occupied or of its going on: deed, per-
formance, action; see action, 1, deed.
Antonyms: see negligence.
S. Referring to the proceeding or course of
acting: see action.

S. action, move, step, turn, deal, move-
ment (rare), play, proceeding.

act, V. i. 1. perform, work, operate, func-
tion, functionate, go, serve, make ; spec, do,
energize, preside, officiate ; see work, tell.
a. &f erring to the theater, shows, etc.: per-
form, play; spec, theatrize (rare), theatri-
calize (rare), mum, mime, mince, gafif
(slang, Eng.).
S. move, proceed, deal, stir.

4. See behave, dissemble.

act, V. 1. 1. perform, take (a part), represent,
impersonate, enact (rare or rhetorical), play,
assume, support, sustain, render, do (as
a part, an a^, etc.); spec, counterfeit,
theatricalize (rare); see personate.
a. /See pretend.

actinjs, n. performance, representation,
rendition (l^. S.), enaction (rare); spec.
histrionism, dramaturgy, mummery, per-
sonation, etc.

action, n. 1. act (rare), doing (chiefly in
pi.), acting, performance, movement,
working, operation; spec, effect, motion,
play ((^ the feelings, passions, etc.), opcr-
ance (rare), touch, process, procedure,
business (theatrical), function, reaction,
response, conation. // considered as a
whole without reference to the element of
time these terms are sometime used as
synonyms of "act." See act, 1.
Antonyms: see inactivity, rest.
a. measure, step, course, procedure, pro-
vision, proceedmg, d-marche (French);
spec, counterstep, precaution; see stroke.

5. See behavior, transaction, activ-
ity, BUSTLE.

4. influence, operation, working, touch;
see agency.

Cross rrferences:
hetght, top.
•oqvAlnt: inform.

Note.

aoqulMoe: accede.

aoqulre: get, gain, receive, learn.

aoqulrement: acquisition, ao-

eompHehment, getting,
across: croaswiee.
aot: iDork, teU.

}^ See Notes of E^l«i»ftttQii«

7

S. proceeding (legal), suit, cose, cause,
procusa; sj)ec.pliia(/iij(!.(»riScoi.),remanel,
mterpleaaer, replevin, assumpait, treapass,
libel, counterclaim, prosecution, efc.
aotlTe. a. t. acting, operative, operant
(.rare); spec, exertive, conative.
Antonj/Tns: see inactivb.
9. energetic, vigoroua, assiduoua, busy,
induatnous, huHtling (afUoq., U. S.), vi-
vacious (dtiefiy spee.), animated, bustling
(eMoq., U. 5.), rustling {coUoq., U. S.),
brisk, humming (dang), deedfut (rare),
pragmatic (rare), deedy (ditd.), deliver
(orcAotc); s-pec. strong, sedulous, light,
rapid; see nimble, livbi^t, EBsTUias.
ArUanym^: nee BLnaoisH, idle, indo-

1. See ALEST, AMBITIOtlS.

mctlvltr, n. >. energy (ckiefiy tech.), vigor,
vivacity (chiejly spec.), briakness, actual-
ity (ofts., arc, metaphyaiea), hustle ((/, S.;
dimg or coUoq.), rustle (U. S.; slan^ or
eolloq.)i operation (rare), operancy (rare);
gpec. mmbleness.
AtUonj/ms: gee indolencb.

9. See ALBBTNBBS, AMBITION.

I. coil (literary), bustle, hustle (U. S.;
slanj or aJioq.), rustle (U. S.; dang or
eoUoq.), stir, action, turmoil, movement;

see BXCITBMBNT, nUSTIJ!.

Antonyms: see calm, peace.
KotoTi n. 1. Spec, agent, doer, performer.

Antonyms: see subject.
%. player, performer, peraoaator, Thes-
pian (liierary), actress (Jem.), histrion
(rare), impersonator (chiefly spec.), dram-
atis personte (Latin; pi.); spec, tragedian,
tragedienne (fern.; FrewA), comedian,
comedienne (Jem.; cant), panlomimist,
farceur (FrencA), caricaturist, burlesquer,
star, diva (fem.), ingtnue ((em.; French),
Pierrot (masc; French), Pierrette (fern.;
French), punchinello (Italian), buffo
(Italian), comique (Frertck), pantomime
(kisl.), mummer, mime, protagonist, tri-
tagoniat. Cf. puppet.
kotuki, a. real, true, very, factual, posi-
tive, concrete, veritable, absolute, indeed
(pottpositive), tangible, practical, sub-
stantial, Buhatantive, effective (ag opposed
to "potential"); spec, sober, right, hypo-
static, hypoatatical.

AJtlonyms: see tikreai.. visroNABT,

kotiuaity, n. 1. reality, realism, roalnesa,
verity, truth, trueness, substantiality,
flooth (archaic), substano*, tangibility, ef-
fect (chiefly in "in effect"), fact.

i. Ina amerete sente: positive, eternities
(pi.), reality, truth, venty, etc.
Antonyms: see illusion,

totualla*, 0. i. realize, substantialize, v^
ify (rare), Bubstantiale, reify (rar
hypostatiie (tech.), eventuate (rare); ,

sotnatlri adv. really, truly, veritably, ver-
ily, indeed.
aatuate, u. t. excite, impel, move, activate

•dapl, V. (. prepare (coTiiexlual), accom-
modate, fit, conform, suit; spec, coordi-
nate, match, square, arrange, adjust,
shape, frame, turn, contemper (archaic),
attemiier, harmonize, naturalize, prepare,
assimilate; seeQvmnrv.

adaptable, a. pliable, pliant, tractable,
accommodative, conformable, applicable,
adaptive, flexible; spec, convement, ver-
satile, facultative (biol.).
Antonyms: see intractable, obstinate.

adaptation, n. preparation (conlextual),
arrangement, accommodation, qualifica-
tion, design, etc.

add, V. I. I. join, unite, put (vrith "vrith,"
"on," "to"), adjoin (rare), superadd; smc
tack, tag (unth "on"), adject (rare), affix,
attacli, postfix, interline, interpolate, eit-
graft (with "on ), annex, append, subjoin;

see ATTACH.

Antonyms: see abstract, DEnuCT.
a. compute (amlexlual), sum (chiefly
spec.), total, foot (with "up"), cast (tech.);
spec, superadd.

addict, V. t. apply, devote, dve: see applt.

addicted, a. accustomed (contextual),
given, devoted.

addiction, n. application, devotion.

addition, n. I. adjection (rare), joining,
uniting; spec, attachment, annexation,
sub junction, interlineation, superaddi-
tion, etc.

>. computation (eonlexlual) , summation
(chiefly spec.), totaling, footing (with
"up%
Antonyms: see deddctiok.
S. increase; spec, raise, enlaivonent,
adjunct, accretion, accession, afiix, ao-
cesa, increment, appendage, appendix,
annex, annexation, attachinent, sub-
script, codicil, interlineation, interpola-
Ijon, contribution, supplement, equation,
rider, tag, imitation, extension, prolonga-
tion, continuation;

I

I

I

additional, a. extra, further,

adunantl

ADOPT

more, else (postpositive), remanent (rare),
8upervenient(rare); spec, other, ulterior,
supplementary; see accessory, spare.

mddress, v, t, 1. See direct, applt.
S. accost (in speech; archaic), speak,
bespeak (archaic); spec, apostrophize, pe-
tition, salute, memorialize, whisper (ar-
chaic), pray, stump (coUoq.); see greet.

mddress, n. 1. speech, talk (a word sugges-
twe of informality or brevity), parley (rare),
compellation (archaic); spec, invocation,
valedictory, salutatory, appeal, petition,
memorial, prayer, lecture, lecturette,
(rare), harangue, eulogy, oration, argu-
ment, sermon, salutation, apostrophe;
see greeting, sermon.

S. See SKILL, TACT.

mdduce* v, t. instance, cite, bring (a charge,
argument, etc,); see present.

mdeinacy, n. sufficiency.

adequate, a. equal (toith *W*), commen-
surate (with "to*' or "wUK*), commensur-
able (wUh "wUh''), sufficient (wUh "to'' or
"for"), satisfactory (chiefly spec.), enough,
enow (archaic), ample, competent, due,
good, copious; spec, proportionate.
Antonyms: see inadequate, deficient.

adherent, n, follower, satellite (literary),
dangler; spec, hobbler (ohs, or hist.), re-
tainer, sectary, supporter; see disciple,

PARTIZAN.

adjaoency, n. 1. adjoining, contiguity,
contiguousness, juxtaposition; spec, abut-
ment.

S. See NEARNESS.

adjacent, a. contiguous, conterminous,
bordering, adjoining, touching; spec,
abutting; see near.

Antonyms: see apart, distant, sepa-
rate.

adjoin* V, t, 1. touch, abut (chiefly spec.);
spec, border, neighbor, side (rare).
S. See ADD.

adjourn, v. i. rise.

adjourn, v. t, 1. suspend, continue (chiefly
Scot.); spec, prorogue. Cf, dissolve.

S. See DEFER.

adjudge* v, t, judge (rare), award, as-
sign, give.

adjunct, a, added, annexed, connected,
auxiliary; see accessory.

adjuration, n. conjuration, obtestation,
appeal (contexttud) .

adjust, V, t, 1. See arrange, adapt,

HARMONIZE.

S. arrange, dispose, regulate, fix, trim,

set, coapt (rare)^ rig (chiefly spec.); spec.
register, orient, orientate, size, shape,
level, collimate, square, justify, true,
modulate (the voice, tones, light, etc.), comb,
couch (a lance, etc.), tune, readjust, har«
monize, rectify, systematize, gait, coordi-
nate; see TUNE, SIZE, SET, PROPORTION.

Antonyms: see disarrange.
adjustment, n, arrangement, disposition,

trim, etc.; spec, compromise. Cf, adjust.
administer, v. t. 1. Qve^ dispense, dispen-

sate (rare); spec, exhibit, distribute.

a. In law: settle, dispose (rare); spec.

distribute.

S. See DELIVER, MANAGE, CONTRIBUTE.

admirable, a. good, estimable; spec, ador-
able; see EXCELLENT, FINE, ESTIMABLE,
PLEASANT.

Antonyms: see contemptible.
admiration, n. 1. wonder (archaic or liter-
ary),

a. approval, approbation (with "o/"), es-
teem (with "for"), pleasure (vrith "in").
reverence (loith "for"), adoration (wUn

''of").

Antonyms: see abhorrence, condem-
nation.

admire, v, t, 1. wonder (archaic or literary).
a. approve, approbate, esteem, love (col-
loo.); spec, idolize, latrize (rare), revere,
adore, idolatrize.

Antonyms: see condemn, abhor, abom-
inate.

admission, n. 1. admittance, reception,
receipt (rare), adhibition (rare).
Antonyms: see expulsion.
a. institution, investiture (tech.), initia-
tion, inauguration, in vesture (rare), ves-
ture (rare); spec, collation, incardination.
S. See entrance, acknowledgment.

admit, v, t. 1. receive, adhibit (rare), in-
tromit (rare),

a. install, induct, invest, vest, institute,
inaugurate, initiate, enter; spec, matricu-
late, incardinate.
Antonyms: see expel.
S. See acknowledge.

admixture, n, 1. See mixture.
a. mixture, infusion, leaven, tincture,
tinge, cast, alloy, spice, sprinkling, season-
ing, soupgon (French), flavor; see dash.

admonitory, a. monitery, commonitory
(rare); see warning, reproving.

adopt, V. t. 1. arrogate (Roman law), affili-
ate (rare or fig.); spec, father, mother,
naturalize.

Cross rtfertnces: see Note.
adept, a.: skUftd, tactfuL
adept, n.: nuuter.
adhere: - atiek.
adliasiTe: sticky.
adieu: good-by.

adjoin: touch, border.
adJotninK: adjacent.
adjadloate, v. t.: decree.
adjadloata, v. i.: judge.
adjudication: awards decree,
judgment.

adjunct: addition, accessory.
adjure: bid, ask.
admeasure: apportion.
admonish : team, advise, reprove.
ado: trouble.
adolescence: youth.

%Sr See Notes of Explanation.
9

S. embrace, espouse, father (fig-), take
(o pemon'ir kijU or part); tpee. borrow,
follow; nee choose, copy.
Antonyms; aee reject.

KdopUoD, n. 1. arrogatlon {Roman law),
affiliation (rare or fig.), tic.
t. embrace (rare), embracement,eapo<

kdult, n. Spec, major, Neator [^.).
AtUonyma: nee inpant.

ftdultarkte, v. I. falsify {amtejijuil), aophis-
ticate, blend, dose {rare or tech.), debase,
doctor (roUoq.), cook (coUo^,); spec, vitiate
(with "toilk ), weaken, Simpson (ulang),
dash, interpolate, sand, load, fill, dilate,
thin, drug, lace.
AnlonffJits; eee pnRiFT.

kdnlteratsd, a. imjiure, sophisticated, etc.

ftdnlterer, n. fornicator (fee/i.).

adultarr> n. fornication (.tech.), infidelity
(o euphemism).

adTADoe, V. i. I. progress, proceed, make,
press, push, march, head (against force),
mcede {rare); spec, inch, creep, drive,
gain.

S. rise, appreciate ((/. S.; not in good
uso^e), enhance; spec. boom.

AtUonyma: see fall, dbpheciatb.
See pBoattEBB.
advanoe, i>. i. 1. forward, fitrtbcr, promote,
push, shove (coUoq. or slang), speed.

Antonyms: «ee ab abb, retire.
I. raise, prefer, adduce, suggest, present,
venture, propound; see propose, ofiteii.

Anlonjpns: see sttpprebb, rbphrss.
S. raise, appreciate ({/. S.; not in good
vaage), enhance, boost (sZan?); spec.
boom, bull.

Anionyms: see defheclate.
4t. furnish {beforehand); spec, imprest.
' ~''i, elevate, exalt, promote, aggran-
_ ... . jre), prefer (rnr ' ' '

make, digiufy, ennoble.

Antonyms: see abase.
advanoa, n. 1. forwarding, furtherance,
promotion, preference: see aid.
I. progression, advancement (rare),
march, procession (rare), progress, ac-
cess (rore), push, headway, profeotion
(o6a. or osiroi.).

Antonyms: see REncssioN, retreat.
S. Spec, imprest.

4. Hug^tion, preferment, preference,
ventunng; see " - -

B. rise, appreciation (V. S.; nM . .
usage), raise, boost (collog. or slang), i
lianccmeut; spec, boom, spurt.

AnUmyma: xee pall, depreciation.
adTanoed, a. 1. ripe (as "a ripe age").

adTBDctnci a. rising; spec, booming.

advantagA, n. 1. superiority, prcoedence,
better {used idiomtUicaUy), odds {pi. and
sing,), forehand, prize (rora), leverage
{rare), purchase {mech. or fig.); spec

Antonyms: see DtsADVAKTAaB.
t. See aooD, benefit.
advantageoua, a. superior, favorable,
profitable, gainful, good, clever {cjiUoq.),
e.<pedient, exiiediential (rare), behovaul
(archaic), right {corUextual), wise {am-
texlual), advisable; see beneficial.

Anlon}/ins: see DiaADVAXTAOBODS, ITN'

adveotucei, n. Spec, free lance, condot-
tiere {Italian), landloper or landlouper
{literary).

advertisB, V. I. 1. notify, notice, amiounce,

Erociaim, publish; spec, avow, blaze,
lazon, noise, trumpet; see proclaim.
Atdonyms: see HmE.
t. Spec, circularize, bill, placard, post,
poster, cry, quack, push.
advertize ment, n. S-pee, notice, bill,
placard, iioster.
advloe, n. 1. counsel, rede (arcAaic), opin-
ion, recommendation, advisement {ar-
chaic), admonition; spec, misadvice, mia-
counsel, dehortation; see exhortation.

advise, v. t. I. counsel, rede (archaic or
poetic), recommend, monish (rare), ad-
monish (literary), ^ide {amlcxtual); spec.
disadvise, misadvise, miscounset, d^ort
(rare), exhort.
3. See INFORM.

adTlser, n. t. counselor, guide (contextual),
admoniaher; tpee. referendary, compra-
dor (OrietUaD, assessor.

9. See INFORMANT.

advocacy, n. support; seenEPEKSS.
advooate, v, t. support, favor, plead; see

advocate, n. 1. supporter, favorer, plead-
er; spec, intercessor, interpleader, patron
(flomon anliq.).
Antonyms: see opponent.
I. See LAWTER, Cheist.

nailc, fine

O'Crciirtl
■doTmbI«:

admit: •kill/ul. readu.
adaUta: /lailtr.

adnne; fffipottd, oppa^mo,

md>«t: lurn (menially), nflr.
■4<r*rtcil«: r^mnct.

isr Bee NoUi of EipUnmllao.

AFTERMATH

aSrate, v, t afiiify; spec ventilate, inflate.
ftSronaut, n. a&roetat^ navigator (context-

vol),
aSronautiosy n. aSrostatics, aSrostation,

navigation (contextual); spec, ia&xxlonet-

ics.
SBstl&etio, a. tasteful, tasty (coUoq, and inr

degant); «ee elegant.
affable, a. sociable, conversable, debonair

(Uierary), talkable (rare): spec, accost-

f^le (rare), approachable, 8oftH^)oken,

communicative, free, imreserved.
Antonyms: see arbogant, ill-tem-

FEBED, 8X7BLT, HATTGHTT, HATEFUL.

affair, n. business (chiefly contemptuous),
proceeding, go (coUoq, or vulgar), circum-
stance, matter (often in pi.), thing (often
in pi.), concern; spec, finances (pi.),
fight, battle, duel; see transactign, con-
cern, THING.

affect, V. t. touch, reach, take (with
"disease," "blow," "fancy," etc., as the sub-
ject), seize (urt^ "idea" or the like as the
seMect), hit (coUoq.); spec, possess, at-
tadk, infect, sinite, hurt, trouble, move,
^p, concern, int^'est, pierce, perturb,
impress, penetrate, strike, nip (rare); see

INFLUENCE, TAINT, THRILL, AGITATE, EX-
CITE, IMPRESS.

afleotation, n. artificiality, frill (slang),
mannerism; spec, modishness, profes-
sion, conventionality, mincingness, etc.

Cf. AFFECTED.

affected, a. 1. touched, reached, etc.; spec.
infected, tainted, attacked, seized, dis-
temper^, concerned, diseased, etc.

Antonyms: see unaffected, intact.
S. See pretended.

S. artificial, nonnatural, unnatural (rare),
mannered (rare); svec. modish, sta^
(coUoq ), conventional, missish, namby-
pamby, Eot-up (coHog.)^ smirking, minc-
mg, minikin (rare), mmmg-piming (rare),
mealy; see pretentious.

Antonyms: see artless, sincere, nat-
ural, SIMPLE, UNAFFECTED, FRANK.

affecting, a. moving, touching, impres-
sive; spec, piercing, pathetic, pathetical
(rare), heart-rending, nerve-racking, piti-
able, tender, feeling, pungent.

affection, n. 1. See feeling, AiLBfENT,

TROUBLE.

S. resard, fondness, liking, bosom (fig')f
attadament (contextual), charity (Chris-
Han religion; archaic), storge (tech.; rare);

spec, dotage, idolization, latrization (rare),
familism; see love.
Antonyms: see dislike, hatred, ab-
horrence, ILL-WILL, INDIFFERENCE.

S. In a medical sense: spec, infection, con-
tagion.

affectionate, a. fond (often spec.), loving,
warm, tender, soft (often spec., and then
coUoq. or contemptumis); spec, doting,
spoony (coUoq. or slang), fatherly, moth-
erly, sisterly, orotherly.
Antonyms: see indifferent, apa-
thetic, COLD, disagreeable, hatefxtl,

SHARP, STERN.

affiliate, v. 1. 1. See join.
a. filiate: spec, father, mother (vnth "on"
or "upon"),

afiLrmatiTe, a. predicative, declarative,
declaratery; spec, insistent, insistive
(rare).

afflict, V. t. Spec, strike, beset, smite,
ply; spec, persecute; see trouble, op-
press.

affliction, n. Spec, trial, disability, dis-
ease, misfortune, visitation.

afford, V. t. 1. In the sense of "to have re-
sources or means that are adequate": carry,
manage, bear, go (coUoq.), rive; — not good
synonyms, but the nearest there are.
a. See FURNISH, yield.

afloat, a. 1. floating.
Antonyms: see aground.
a. overflowed, submerged, flooded,
swamped, swimming; spec, anchorless,
awash.
S. launched, started, afoot, astir, going..

4. adrift.

aforesaid, a. forenamed, forementioned,
said, mentioned, beforesaid, named,
abovesaid, above-mentioned, afore-men-
tioned (rare or archaic). "Aforesaid" is
now chiefly formal or legal.

afraid, a. 1. apprehensive (rare), afeard
(archaic)^ fearful (obsolete), alarm^, af-
frighted, terrified, frightsome (rare), tim-
orous (rare), funky (slang); spec, panic,
aghast, scary (coUoq.).
Antonyms: see bold, reckless.

a. See TIMID, APPREHENSIVE.

after, prep. 1. past, beyond, by.
Antonyms: see before.
a. following.

5. In the sense of "according to": to, by.

4. ^ee ABOUT, FOR.

aftermath, n. aftergrowth, rowen (chiefly

Cross references: see Note.
atmotpherict airy, lofty,
nett.
airlfonn: gaaeotu.

V. t.: betroth,
n.: betrothoL
betrothed.
afflne: r dative.

aflSnlty; rekUiorit liking, at-

traction.
affirm: ewear, state.
affirmable: predicable.
afflrmanoe: statement.
affix, V. *,.: add, attach.
affix, n.: addition, prefix, suffix.
affllotlTe: troublesome.

affiaenoe: abundance, toealth,
affiuent, a.: abundant, rich.
affiaent, n..* tributary.
affront: insult, offend.
afoot: preparing, aftoaL
afresh: again.
aft: astern.
aftOT, a.: hind, aubaequerU,

K^* See Notas of Explanation,

I AFXEBPIECE

dial. & U. S.), eddish, rowet {dial.); tyte.

tog, aftercrop,

Kltetplece, n. postlude {rnuHc).
aftertBBte, n. tang.
alterir>rda, adv. subsequently, thereupon

(Jormal), thereon (formal), thereafter

(formal), so, eft (o6s. m- archaic), eftaoon

oreftBoona (archaic), later, then,
ArUonyms: see befobe, now,
•gala, adu. afresh, anew, anon {ehiefiy liir

erary), freshly, newly; ipec. encore.
kK*i n. 1. ol<niesB, sncientness, ancientry

(lilerary), anility {hoakiek), eaducity

\chif4\

te) ; spec, date,
see CHILDHOOD,

I

alneas (rare]
AjUonyma:

a. period, leon (often lech.), oon, lifetime
{jjfl.), years (pi); spec. Olam (Hebrew
chronology), kalpa (Hindu coamoUigy).
AnUmymi: see moment.
•K'ncy, n. 1. action (contexlual), operation
(amiext-ual), mediation, intermediation,
ministry (rare or spec), instrumentality;
spec, hand, working, procurement, pro-
curation.
S. Spec, medium, vehicle, contagion; see

t. Spec, factorship, commission, proxy,
mediumahip, factorage, delegacy.
Bgent, n. I. actor (rare), doer, operator
(contextual), worker (contextual); spec.
reagent, medium, mediary.
Antonyms: see subieut.
S. attorney (chiefly lech, or spec.), servant
(law), representative, hand (fig.); spec.
factor, agency, steward, instriunent, in-
strumentality, broker, emissary, almoner,
dummy, intermediary, go-between, en-
voy, lobbyist, minister, prosy, commis-
sary, procurator, consignee, syndic, ne-
gotiant, coagent, comprador {Oriental);

see HEPRESENTATIVE.

Antonyms: see principal.
S. See uEiiNs.
accrmvate, v. I. I. intensify, heighten,
worsen, exacerbate.
Antonyms:

ERATE, —

>IKi«C*tB, n. amount, total, footing, foot,
sum; spec, summation.

atKieiatve, a. olTensive, attacking, push-
ful (eoUoq.); spec, invaatve, ii

■igtuCi a. senescent (tech.), old(
spec. conseneaceDt {t

Idening (ra

stltate, V. t. 1. In a physical sense: di^
turb, affect (eoniextiial), disquiet, per-
turb, trouble, excite, convulse, toss,
shake, exercise, discompose, turmoil
(rare), tempest (rare), commove . ..
mote (rare); spec, semove (rare), flurry,
betosa (intensive), heave.

Antonyms: see calm, pacify.
IL disturb, trouble, disquiet, perturb,
convulse, demoralize, BoUcit (a Latinivn;
rare), commove or commote (rare), tem-
pest (rare), turmoil (rare); spec, flutter,
fret, ruffle, ripple, undulate, curl, buEB,
flurry, heave, chum; see bhake.

Antonyms: see sti£l, deaden,
S. See DiBCUSB.
mEltated, a. 1. In a physical sense: dis-
turbed, shaken, trouoloua, troubled, un-
quiet; spec. ebuUient, boiling, ripply, fret^
njl, riiffllcd; see rouoh.

Anionyma: see calm, aTAONAMT, quiet.
S. disturbed, distraught (emphatic; chief-
ly literary), uneasy, tumultuary (emphal-
ic)j tumultuous (emphatic), shaken, uo-

Antonyms: see calu, peaceful, qmET.

asltatinc, a. disturbing, disquieting, per-
turbing, affecting, etc Cf. aqitatb.
Antonyms: sec calmative.

acltatton, n. I. Referring lo the aeUon on
the mind: disturbance, commotion, de-
moralization, perturbation, excitement,
perturboncy (rare); spec, incendiarism,
upheaval, demagogisai, ebullition.
1. Referring to the state of mijid: turmoil,
tumult, discomposure, unquiet, unquiet-
ness; spec, heat, trepidation, tremble,
twitter (dial. Eng., or colloq., U. S.), twit-
teration (slang), ferment, perturbation,
perturbancy (rare). The words under
sense 1 may also be used in this connection.
Antonyms: see calm.
S. Referring lo the physical action: di»-
turbancej commotion, troubling, toss,
tossing, jactation (chiefly med,), pertur-
bation (rare); spec, upheaval, convulsion,
undulation; see shaking, flurry, ruf-
fle, uproar, FRET, ROILING, EXCrTEMBNT,

4. Referring to the physicai condition or
manifestation: spec, flurry, ruffle, tumult,
curl, fret, ebullience, ebuUition, flutter,
whitecap, cat's-paw; see rifplg, shake.
Most of the words wider S may also be used
in this sense.
Antonyms: see calm.
i. See DiscuaaioN, disturbancb.

acitator, n. Spec, demagogue,

aK»i adv. back, i '

fs Ifot«i ot EqrlanatloD,

AID

V. i. 1. accord (with *^to" or **vnth'*),
harmonize, consist (with **with**)t answer
{wUh "to"), correspond {with "with" or
"to"), suitj match, cohere, comport, con-
sort, coincide, iump, tally, hitch (coUoq.),
chime, concord (rare), jibe (U. S.; col-
ioq.)j gee (coUoq.), conform {with "wUh"

or "ton-
Antonyms: see disagree, conflict, dif-

FEB.

S. accord, harmonize, concur, consent
(archaic), cotton (coUoq. or Eng.), assort
(rare).

Antonyms: see object, qttarrel.
S. covenant, stipulate, meet, engage,
close, arrange; see promise, contract.

4. See ACCEDE.

agreeable, a. 1. suitable, accordant, ac-
cordable, concordant, harmonious, con-
sonant, fit, answerable, congruous, con-
sentaneous (archaic); see consistent,

CORRESPONDENT.

Antonyms: see inconsistent, unsuit-
able, CONTRADICTORY, INHARMONIOUS.

t. pleasant, suave, nice (a term lacking in
dignity), lovely (coUoo. or emphatic), gra-
cious, lief (archaic), likable, genial, con-
genial; see AFFABLE, GOOD-HUMORED,
COMPLAISANT, SMOOTH.

Antonyms: see disagreeable, ill-tem-
pered, ARROGANT, HAUGHTY, HATEFUL,
SURLY, ACRIMONIOUS.
S. See PLEASANT, ACCEPTABLE.

acreeably, adv. 1. well.

S. 5ee ACCORDINGLY.

acreed, a. concerted, stipulated, con-
tracted, covenanted, consented, arranged.

apreelni^, a. 1. accordant (obs. or rare),
agreeable (obs. or rare), congruent, con-
sentient, consentive (rare), consensual,
consentaneous, concentual (fig.). "Agree-
ing" is not mtich used as an adjective; the
other terms are rare or literary.
Antonyms: see dissentient, discor-
dant, CONFUCTORY, INHARMONIOUS, DIS-
PUTATIOUS.

5. Referring to sound: assonant, conso-
nant.

agreement, n. 1. accord, accordance, con-
cord, consistence, consistency, coinci-
dence, harmony, chime, correspondence,
concert (literary), concinnity (literary),
consonance, unison, match, consort
(rare), conformity, concentus (rare), line,
keeping, consonancy, congruence, con-
gnuty, coherence, conformation; see con-
sistency.

Antonyms: see inconsistency, dis-
agreement, CONFLICT, difference.

a. Referring to the mind: concert, meet-
ing (in "meeting of the minds"; legal), con-
currence, consension (rare), consensus,
consentience (rare), unanimity, under-
standing, concentus (bookish), consent,
(archaic) y concent C^.), rapport (French).
Antonyms: see objection, disagree-

BiENT, QUARREL.

S. Referring to the resvU of the act: en-
gagement, transaction, pact, covenant
(chiefly spec.)^ convention, paction (chiefly
spec), compact, arrangement, league
(chiefly spec), bargain, deal, cheap (ar'^
chaic); spec, interim, concordat, cartel or
(German) Kartel, sponsion, affiance; see
promise, contract.
4. Of sounds: assonance, consonance.
6; See accession.

agricultural, a. rural, prsedial (literary
or tech.), geor^ic (literary), georgical (lit-
erary), geofomc (rare).

agriculture, n. husbandry, fanning, geo-
fonics (rare; usuaUy pedantic) ^ agronomy
(tech.).

agriculturist, n. husbandman, farmer
(the usual word), agronomist (tech.).

aground, a. grounded, aland (archaic);
spec, ashore, stranded, struck.
Antonyms: see afloat.

ahead, ado. before, on, forward, forth,
forthright (archaic).
Antonyms: see backward.

aid, V. t. 1. help, assist, bestead (literary),
comfort (obs. or legal); spec, avail, abet
(in wrongdoing) t relieve, sustain, uphold,
patronize (rare or spec.), succor^ befriend,
favor, serve, subserve, coassist (rare),
strengthen, speed (archaic), hand; see
support.

Antonyms: see hinder, defeat, oppose.
a. further, promote, advance, strengthen,
support, second, foster, nourish, favor,
facilitate, bolster (with "up"), boost (col-
log. or slang; U. S.); spec, prosper, sub-
sidize, encourage, patronize.
Antonyms: see hinder, defeat, blight,

PREVENT, OPPOSE.

aid, n. 1. cooperation (stilted or spec), as-
sistance, help, aidance (rare), comfort
(obs. or legal); spec, abettal or abetment
(in wrongdoing), sustenance (rare or liter-
ary), support, succor, stren^henine, ser-
vice, boot (archaic), suppeditation (rare),
sustainment (rare), relief; see support.
Antonyms: see hindrance, defeat, op-
position.

a. furtherance, fosterage, nourishment,
advancement, support, favor, sustain-
ment (rare), promotion, boost (coUoq, or

Cross referenus: see Note.
1. 1: pain.

aconiia, v. i.: suffer, atruggle.
mgonjz pain, ecstasy.

acrartan: rural.
ahead: forward.

XS' See NotM of Explanation.
13

sbnjr; V. S.), rountenance, conduce-
ment (rare); spec, patronage.
Antonyms:

DEFEAT, """
1. See AIDEIt.

»ldBr, n. 1. helper, associate, aasiHtant.
coadjutor (rare or epcc), coadjutaat
{rare), helpmate or {the original, but now
the leas iisual, form) helpmeet; spec, co-
worker, oodperator, ally, henchman, tool,
etoal, decoy, acolyte, second, etc.
1. promoter, furtnerer, favorer, elc. Cf.

mil, V. I. I. Referring to the body: alTect,
trouble, distress,
a. Referring to the mivA: see TnoTTBLE.

slllns. a. invalid, indisposed, unwell, ill
(chiefly prediaUife), Bick (chiefly U. S. or
lilerary); spec, sickneas, sickly, sickish,
aicklied (rare), bad (conleitual), poorly,
peaked, unhealthy, morbid, puling (cn^
Jog.), pathological (tech.), pathologic
(rare), down (colioa.), ucsouud, complain-
ing, infirm, cacocnynuc (obs.), maladivc
(rare), valetudinarian (rare), valetudi-
nary (rare), invalidish (rare); see di»-

AtUonyrrts: see well,

aJlm«iit, n. disorder, ail (rare), complaint,
indisposition, trouble, atfcctioo, ill (chiefly
in jA.), iUneaB, Hicknesa, infirmity, weak-
ness; spec, decline; see disease.

^m, 0. t. I. direct, train, level, point, pre-
sent; spec, fire, shoot, sight.
I. Referring to a misHle: direct, drive,
peg (eoUoq.j; spec, shoot, throw.

aim, V. i. I. point, drive;— o^ also used Jig.
>. See INTEND.

■im, n. 1. object, mark, target, shot, visic
(Scot.); spec, butt, bull's-eye, white.

^

t. See
aimed, a. directed (conlezfunl), pointed;

spec, direct, point-blank, straight.
Antonyms: see aiulgss.
KlmlasB, a. 1. chance, random, blind,

bUndfold {fig.), undirected; spec, horum-

AnlonyTne: see aui&d.

alT, n. 1. atmosphere, heaven, aerosphere
(rare); epec. miasma,
t. Spec, manner, action, bearing, atti-
tude, way, domineer (coUoq.), bridle,
flirt.

1. Chiefly in pi.: affectation (amiexlual).

frill (chiefly in pi.; coUoq., V. S.); tpee.
show, manneriem, style; eee pbet&nbh.
4. See WIND, Mei,ODr.
alrr, a. 1. See atmobpheiuc, gasboos, v

BUBSTANTIAIn UQHT, EXPOSED, WINDT.

2. light, thin, delicate, tenuous, atrial,
ethereal, etherial, aSriform (rore), celes-
tial (Jig.).

Anlonyns: see clumst, heavy.
t. See EXPOSED.

alar, a. Referring to the wings: alate,
wingUke, wing-shaped, winged, alated.

alarm, n. t. See fear,
9. signal (contexlual), alarum; spec, toe*

alarming, a. frightful, scary (coUog.), ter-
rific (noio rare, exc. as an expletive), dread-
ful, dread (rather lUerary or format), tei^
rifying, terrible, startling, ghaatfiil (ar-
chaic); see BOIUUBLE.
Anlonyme: see REASsmiiNO.

alarmist, n. scaremonger, pessimist, dis-
qitictist (rare); spec. lerTonst.

alas, interj. alack, ohoae {Scot. A Irish),
ah, woe.
Antonyms: see EnaoD.

aioaiiaUo, a. spirituous, hard, ardent,
strong (contexlual).

alert, a. I. See nimble.
2. Referring to menial miality; active,

?uick, Uve (chiefiy U. S.), lively, nimble
-are or amteriuoi), awake; see ready.

Antonyms:
alertaeai, n. I. ninableneas (rf. niublb).
X. activity, Uveliness. quickness, nimble-
ness (rare or contextual); spec, watchful-

alienate, v. t. 1. See transfek.

). separate, estrange, wean, disunite, dis-

affect; spec, disacquaint.
allxht, V. i. 1. descend, light, perch, settle,

drop, pitch, fall, land; spec, ground; see

Antonyms: see rise.

1. See DISMOUNT.

1. Spec, detrain.
alien, V. 1. range, line {mtk "up"); spec.

collimate (fee A.).
alike, a. 1. same, like, identical, selfsame

[emphatic), twin {of tun); spec, eonsub-

stantial, duplicate; see eqdai..
Antonyms: see different, distinct.

S. A'ee SIMILAR.
alikenesi, n, I. sameness, likeness, identi-

AMALGAMATE

mil* a. whole, any (in aentencea of universal
exclusion, as in "there is no hope of any
relief" I cannot give you any encourage-
menf*), every {distributive) y each (implying
separation in consideration or treatment);
— not truly synonyms of "all" nor of each
other, but often anidogous in use.
Antonyms: see few, many.

all* n. whole, entirety, everything, every-
body; — specific or partial synonyms ohty.
See WHOLE.
Antonyms: see part, none.

alley, n. Spec, frescaae (rare), mall, lane,
aisle (an inaccurate use), byway.

alley, n. taw.

all-l&«alinc, a. panaoean (learned).

allied, a. 1. See united, related.
S. In scientific usage: kindred, related,
congeneric, cognate, akin.
Antonyms: see unrelated.

allowance, n. 1. See permission, ac-
knowledgment.

S. Spec, fee, aid, share, subvention, com-
mission, pension, livery (historical), viati-
cum, pin money, quarterage, pittance; see

8UBSEDT, FEE, COMMISSION.

S. Ration (chiefly mil. or formal), feed
(coUoq.); spec, dietary.

4. In sports: odds (pi. & sing.), law (tech.);
spec, bisque.

alloy, n. 1. See mixture, admixture.

5. garble (rare); spec, amalgam, spelter
(rare), brass, bronze, latten, temper,
pinchoeck, billon.

alloy, V. t. 1. adulterate, mix, temper;
spec, amalgamate.
Ardonyms: see purify.

S. See MODERATE, MIX.

alluvtuni, n. deposit (contextual), wash

(contextual); spec, geest, drift, gravel,

sand, waste, till, delte., warp.
ally, n. 1. associate, confederate.
Antonyms: see enemy, opponent.

S. In scientific classification: conquer.
alms, n. dole, charity; spec, pittance,

maimdy (Eng.).

aloft, adv. 1. above (contextual), on high;
spec, heaven-high, overhead,
a. See UP.

alone, a. soUtary, only (rare), single
(now rare), sole (archaic), isolated, sep-
arate, lone (poetic or archaic), lonely (env"
phatic), lonesome (rare), solus (masc.;
Latin), sola (fern.; Latin); spec, unac-
companied, unattended, forsaken, de-
serted, abandoned, detached, compan-
ionless, desolate.

alone, adv. 1. solitary, only (rare), separ
rately, solely, singularly (rare).
a. See ONLY, merely.

aloof, a. apart, distant, off, away.

aloud, adv. 1. out, audibly.
Antonyms: see silently.
S. See LOUDLY.

alphabet, n. Christeross-row (hist, or or-'
ciiaic), letters (pi.); spec, ogham or ogam,
glossic, glossotype, palseotype, futhorc.

also, adv. besides, moreover, more, like-
wise, too, further or (less usiud) farther,
yet, similarlv, withal (archaic), forby (ar-
chaic), furthermore or (less usual) far-
thermore, therewithal (archaic), eke (ar-
chaic), thereto (archaic).

altar, n. shrine, sanctuary; spec, super-
altar^ chantry, marae, thymele, Com-
mumon table. Lord's table. Holy table,
table (for short).

alter, v. t. modify, change; spec, interpo-
late; see FALSIFY, CHANGE.

Antonyms: see continue, maintain, fix.
alternate, v. t. interchange, vary, rotate;

see reciprocate.
alternation, n. interchange, interchange-

ableness, variation, rotation; see recipro-
cation.
alternative, n. choice, side, horn (of a

dilemma; rhetoric and logic), disjunction

(logic).
although, conj. notwithstanding, though,

howbeit, albeit, maugre (archaic), despite

(literary or learned).
always, adv. 1. ever (archaic or literary).

Cross rrferences; see Note.
ailment, n.; food.
ailment, «. t: feed.
alimentary: nutntunu.
alimentation: nutrition, feed-

in{f. l$ensitive.

alive: living, lively, swarming,
allay: appetxse, abate, mUigate,

moderate, calm.
aUecation: statement
aUece: *tate.
allecianoe: eonatancy.
allecorioal: metaphorical.
aU-embraoinc: comprehenaive.
alleviate: mitigate.
alleviation: mitigation.
aUevlatiTe: mitigatory.
alllanoe: union, confederacy,

rdation, amour.

allied: united, related.

aUooate: place, apportion, ar-
range.

aUoeatlon: placing, apportion'
ment, arrangement.

aUot: apportion, appropriate.

allotment: apportionment, ap^
propriation, sfuire.

allow: acknowledge, concede, ap^
portion, permit, grant.

allowable: accepUMe, permis-
sible.

aU-powerful: omnipotent.

aUnde: refer.

allure: attract.

aUurement: attraction.

aUurlnc: attractive.

aUnslon: reference.

aUuilTe: referential.

ally, V. t.: unite, league.
almlKbty: omnipotent.
almost: about.
almshouse: poorJumse.
alone* adv.: lengthvnse^ far-

toard.
along* prep.: by.
alongside: abreast.
aloof: apart.
already: before.
alterable: changeable.
alterative: changing.
altercate: dismde.
altercation: dispute.
alternately: about.
altitude: fieigfU.
altogether: absolutely.
amalgam: aUoy, mixture.
amalgamate: aUoy, mix.

K^* See Notes of Explanation.
15

perpetually, eternally, evermore {archaic
or literary), everlastingly, forever.
Anionymt: ace never.

1. See CONSTANTLY.

kanuemU. n, scrivener, scribe, writer ;-

Spec, dilettante, C

(A). , . ,

ftmatanrtali, a. nonprofessional;
Corinthian ifig-).
Antonyira: tee pROfEsaiONAi„

ftmrntoxy, a. erotic, amorous, lovesome
(archaic); spec, gailant {rare), tender,
languorous, languishing, Anacreontic
(rare), Sapphic (rare), Billy {rareorcoUoq.),
spoony {cotloq. or slang); spec, tcysome,
erotomaniac, nymphomaniac.
AtUonyms: see sian-hatino, woiiIAN-

Kmbirnoui, a. uncertain, doubtful, equivo-
cal, dilogical (rare), double, questionable,
mistakable; spec, loft-handea, oracular.
Anlonjfms: see definite, UNQtriiiBTiOK'

•mbltion, n. 1. See nssniB.
t. energy, activity, push {cotloq.), emula-
tion, aspiration.

ambitions, a. I. ,See nESiROua.
1. energetic, active, pushing (coUoq.),
pushful (coiii>g.); spec. Icarian {^.).
Antonyms: see lazt, unambitiods.
1. Referring to a person, his imagination,
etc.: spec, bold, audacious, aspiring,
ing.
1. Referring to what shows ambHion: spec.

bold,audacious; see PRETENTIOUS, 8H

Antonyms: see simflb.

amble, n. Spec, jog-trot, dog-trot, n

ambuBli, n. trap (contextual), ambuscade,

ambushineat, blind, buahment {obs.).
ambush, V. I. trap {contextual), waylay,

ambuscade, forelay {obs. or dial.), wait

{archaic).
Ambush, V. t. wait {archaic), lurk (rar«).
•mend, d. I. t, improve, reform, meud

(rare or dioi.), rectify (rare); seecoBEEcr,

). See REFORMATION.
amidst, prep. I. Referring to pogilion in

or near the middle: amid(i»oe(ieor/ormai).

mid or often {as an aphetie form) 'mid

{poetic), midst or often {as an aphetie

form), 'midit {arcliaie).

2. See AMONQ.
ammunltfon, n. supplies (p2.; corOextiuil),

munition {often in pi.); spec, missilea

{pl.}, archeiy, powder, ahot Xpl.), bullets

(pi.), shell (pi.), etc.
amouB, prep, amongst (less tiswU than

among, esp. in the primary local sense),

amidst, in.

amount, n. 1. See HDU, AOaRBOATB,
QUANTITY.

S. deal, lot (eolbq.); spec, quantity,
amount, ti. i. tot^,
amouT, n. I. Ste love.

s. love affair, lovea {pt.), intrigue (con-
Icxtual), gallantry, alliance (ctnifexfuol),
amourette {dim.); spec, intimacy {eupke-
miatic); see COCBT9H1P.
amputate, c (. sever {contextual); spec.

amulet, n, periapt (rare), charm, talis-
man; spec, phylactery.

amuilUK. a. diverting, light, funny, odd
{coUoq.), good, delicious; s
Antonyms: see Ddli., i

analosons, a. parallel, correlative, corre-
sponding, sinular, cognate, eqmvaleot,
correspondent.
Antonyms: aee opposite, cONTRASTirja.

analoEue, n. parallel, correlative, corre-
late (rare), porallehsm, equivalent.
AntonyTiis: aee opposite, contrast.

aualoEr, n. parity {rather literary or learn-
ed), correlation, equivalence, parallelism,
proportion {rare), similarity, corrcspond-

Antonyms:
analysis, n. 1. separation, resolution, dls-
eectioQ, division, anatomy {fig.), reduc-
tion; spec, partition, pilpul; see pecom-

POSITION, DIBINTEQRATION.

S. In grammar: parsing, construction;

ANNEXED

AnUmyma: see compose.
S. In grammar: parse, construe; spec,
scan.

anarohioal, a. lawless, imgovemed.
Antonyms: see law-abiding.

anarchistio, a. red (co/Zog.), lawless; spec,
nihilistic, dynamitic.

anjurchy, n. misrule, lawlessness; spec,
nihilism, dynamitism.
Antonyms: see government.

anatomize, v, t, dissect; spec, hominisect,
vivisect.

anatomy, n. 1. dissection; sj>ec, homini-
section, callisection, sentisection, vivisec-
tion, phytotomy, topography, zootomy.

S. See SKELETON, ANALYSIS.

ancestor, n. predecessor (contexluaJ), an-
cestry (a collecLwe), forebear {orig. Scot;
now literary), stock (a collective) j fore-
elder (rare), forerunner: spec, root (fig.),
patriarch, progenitor, forefather, father,
ancestress, grandam (literary; fig.), pro-
genitress, progenitrix, foremother (rare).
Antonyms: see descendant, offspring.

ancestral, a. forefatherly; spec, patrimon-
ial, hereditary.

ancestry, n. Imeage, progeniture.

anchor, 1. Spec, kedge, bower, sheet
anchor, killick (chiefly Eng.), grapnel.
S. See HOLD.

anchorage, n. riding, berth (contextual);
spec, harborage, roi^tead, road.

ancient, a, Jd (contexttud), earlv (corir
textual), primitive, high, pristine (usually
in a good sense), vetus (IxUin); spec, pre-
historic; see antiquated, obsolete.
Antonyms: see new, modern, recent.

ancillary, a, auxiliary, subordinate.

andiron, n, fire-dog or (for short) dog.

anecdote, n. account (contextiial), inci-
dent (contextual); spec, haggada.

ani^el, n. 1. spirit (contextual), celestial
(conlextual); spec, cherub, seraph, virtue,
archangel, principality, power, throne,
dominion, Ariel, Belial, Gabriel.
S. See minister, demon, genius.

ancelic, a. 1. celestial (contextual), se-
raphic (chiefly spec.), cherubic (chiefly
spec.).

a. See HEAVENLY.

ancer, n. ill-temper (conlextual), displeas-
ure (corUextual), choler (literary), ire (lUr
erary), wrath, indignation, indignance
(rare), indignancy (rare), spleen, dudgeon
(archaic), madness (coUoq.), vexation,
gall, bile, heat, mad (slang; colloq., U. S.,

or died.), dander (coUoq., U. S., or dial.),
despite (archaic), corruption (coUoq. or
did.), irritation (contextual); spec. lury,
frenzy, rsu^, passion, furiousness, exas-
peration, furiosity (rare).
Antonyms: see pleasure.

anther, v. t. exasperate madden, provoke,
incense, inflame, excite (contextiMl) ; spec.
chafe, enrage, infuriate, huff (coUoq.).
Antonyms: see please.

ancle, n. 1. comer, bend (primarily spec.),
point; spec, cant, nook, elevation, de-
pression, shoulder, elbow, knee, crotch,
cusp, bull's-nose.

a. See POINT, FISHHOOK, ASPECT.

anpry, a. displeased, wrathful, wrathy
(colloq.) , incensed, irate or ireful (literary),
wroth (rhetorical), dark (fig.), hot (colloq.),
heated, black (fig.), mad (colloq.) , riley
(colloq. , U. S.), huffy (colloq.), exasper-
ated, wood (archaic); spec, furious, in-
furiated, infuriate (literary), passionate,
impassionate (rare), rabid, raging, in-
dignant, fevered, fiery, high, rough.
Antonyms: see pleased, apathetic, un-
impassioned.

ani^ular, a. cornered, sharp, edgy, ab-
rupt, cranky (esp. dial.; Eng.), angulous
(rare).
Antonyms: see straight, curved.

animal, n. 1. organism (contextual); spec.
invertebrate, vertebrate, brute, beast,
zoon (tech.), vermin, creature (in U. S.
esv. of cattle), fauna (a collective), flesh (a
collective). "Animal,** except in technical
usage, is generally distinguished from
"man** and also is chiefly used of vertex
hrates.

a. Spec, beastliness, brutaUty, bestiality,
brutishness, blood (fig.).

animal, a. U Spec, bestial, brutal, brut-
ish, zooid (tech.), zoic (tech.), holozoic
(tech.).

Antonyms: see spiritual, human, veg-
etable, mineral.
a. See SENSUAL, unreasoning.

animate, v. t. 1. energize, inspire, quicken
(archaic), vivify, vitalize, emiven (rare),
actuate (contextual), inform (literary or
spec), imbue, activate (tech.), spirit
(rare); spec, pervade, revive, raise, spir-
itualize.

Antonyms: see kill, paralyze.
a. See ENLIVEN, incite, encourage.

ankle, n. tarsus (tech.).

anneal, v. t. temper, toughen; spec. bake.

Cross references: see Note.
anathema; eurae.
aaohoret: retigioua, hertnU.
enrhofflesi; afioai.
enrtentnesi: age.
aaent: abend.

again.
aantguishi pain.
animadTertion: comment, cen-
sure.

animadTert: comment.
aaimalise: brutalize.

animated; living, active.
animosity: ill-wUl.
annex: add, attach.
annexation; addition, attach-
ment.
annexed: adjunct

XS* See Notes of Explanation.

17

■snlhUftte, n. I. abolish leontextual) , de-
stroy, obliterate, dissolve, nullify (rare),
efface (conterfuoi), uncreatej blot (con-
texlimi), unmake (rare), cxtin^ish, an-
nul (rare), discreate (rare), nolning (rare);

Antonyms: see crbatb, preserve.

kimlTAriuy, n. mind day (oba.); spec.
centenary, centennial, triennial quadren-
nial, quinquennial, sexl^nnial, septennial,
octennial, decennial, birthday, birthnight,
jubilee, year day (obm,).

Kiinotkte, V. I, gloze, ^osa, commentate
^Tore); spec, marginahze (rare), margin,
interliiieale.

annotation, n. 1. Referring to the art:
gloxing, glossing, comioentatian (rare),
a. Referring to the rtault: comment («m-
texfuoi), note [amte^ctual), ^oss, scholium
[tech.), doiej »-pec. margm (rare), mai^
ginaUa \jtl.), mterlineary, poatil [hiat.).

anaotatoT, n. commentator, glossist, glos-
sator, glosaer, glossographer {rare), Hcho-
liaat {tech.).

•nnoBiice, v. t. advertite, intimate, de-
clare, tell, herald, bruit ((iferory), notify.

call, denounce, presage, advertize, bill,
post, cry, bulletin; see PROCI.AIM.
Antonyms: see bide.

annouDcement. n. intimation, annunci-
ation, notification, declaration, notice,
advertiiement, enunciation (Jortna2):spec,
indictioD, banns ipl.), bulletin, obituary,
obit (orcAotc), proclamation.

annoy, v. t. distress (eonlextual). disturb
(eonlextual), vex, touch, plague, tor-
ment, haraBs, irk (archaic), curry Ijig.),
pester, exuloerate \archaic), fret, molest
XoTchaic), displeasure (rore); spec, nag,
rojg (coUog. or slang), ruffle, pinprick, ear-
wig, bore; tee nuiiTATB, TROtrBLB, tease.
Antonyms: see please, elate, pac-

annoyance, n. ). distress (eeritextual),
disturbance (contextual), harassment, ex-
ulceration (rare), molestation (archaic);
see IRRITATION.

I. Referring to what annoys: vexation,
plague, thorn, torment, pest, pester, nui-
sance, gall, bore; see IRRITATION, TB
Antonyms: see comport.
S. Referring to Oie stale of mind:
tion, displeasure, disquiet, ruffle;

annoylnK, a. displeasinE (contextiial), 1
atious, plaguesome {coUoq.), plaguey (col-
loq.), thorny, painful, worrisome, irkaomo.
Antonynia: see calmattvb, flBDATiva,

amiua], a. yearly.

annular, a. ring-shaped, round (context-
Mai), annulatcd, annulate, cricoid (tech.;
chiefly spec.),

anoint, i>. (. anele (orc/uiic), oint (ardiaic),
inunct (chiefly spec.; rare), smear {now
only coniemptiunis); spec, oil, grease,
chnsm, balsam, salve.

anonynioui, a. nameless, unnamed, un-
known (a loose contextual use).

anotbei, a. Spec, second, other (arehaie
or rare), different.

answer, v. i. U Referring la making de-
fense against a charge, aa in law: defend,
plead (law); spec, reply, rejoin, rebut,
surrejoin, surrebut.

a. reply, respond, retort, return (context-
uni}, rejoin, rephcate (rare); spec, sub-
join, recriminat«.
1. react, respond; apec. counteract.

4. See AQKEE, BEBVE.

answer, D. (. 1. As in late: defend.

5. reply, respond, retort, rejoin, say (cott-
textual), replicate (rare).

Antonyme: tee question.
1. acknowledge; spec, receipt.

4. solve.

5. See sATisrr, aBTTLB,

answer, n, 1. As used in law: defense,
plea; spec, rebutter, reply, rejoinder,
replication, surrejoinder, surrebutter.
S. reply, response, retort; spec, coun-
terblast, countercharge, contrarcmon- '
strance, repartee, antiphouy, subjoinder,
oracle, anthem.
Antonyms: see question.
■. acknowledgment; spec receipt.

4. solution.

5. reaction, response.

aneweiint, a. responsive, replying, re-

sponsory (obs.).
antedate, f.t. I. precede (in<irn«), predate.
Antonyms.- see postdate.

S. mistime (conUxlual), anachronize

antedUnvlan, a. prediluviaa, antedilu-

vial, prediluvial.
anteprandial, a. preprandial; — both rare.
anteroom, n. vestibule; S7>ec. hall, lobby,

antechamber.
anthem, 11. respond (rare), responsory;

spec, offertory.

APPALL

antl&olocy, n. posy (rare), florilegium
(rare).

anticipate* v. L U preconceive, foresee
(fig.), precognosce (rare); spec, hope,
reckon (used with **that** and a dependsnt
clause) f suspect, forefeel (rare), forebode,
intuit (rare or tech.); see expect, fore-
taste.

S. forestall, forerun, devance (rare), fore-
come (rare), prevent (rare).

anticipation, n. 1. presentiment, fore-
sight, preconception, preassurance (rare);
spec. lorefeeling (rare), reckoning, fore-
boding, hope, prolepsis, intuition; see
expectation.

S. forestalment, prevenience (rare), pre-
vention (rare); spec, prevenance.

anticipatory, a. 1. anticipant, anticipa-
tive, precognoscent (rare), presentient
(rare); spec, proleptic (rare); see expect-
ant, hopeful.

S. anticipant, prevenient (learned), pre-
venting (rare).

anticlimax, n. bathos (learned), come-
down (coUoq.).

antidote, n. remedy (corUextual), alexi-
pharmic {learned), Theriac (archaic; fig.),
mithridate (obs. or hist.), coimterpoison,
obvietam (obs. or hist.); spec, counter-
charm, countervenom, bezoar (archaic).
Antonyms: see poison.

antiquarian, n. antiquarv; spec, archse-
ologist, archseologer (rare), palseologist.

antiquarianism, n. Spec. palsBology,
archaeology.

antiquate, v, t. age, outdate, unmodem-
ize (rare).

antiquity, n. 1. age (contextual), old (ar-
chaic or poetic), oldness, ancientness.
3. Referring to the people of antiquity: eld
(archaic or poetic); spec, foreworld (rare).
Antonyms: see modernness, newness,
recency.
^S. See RELIC.

antlers, n. pi. head, attire; — both collec-
tives, and hunting terms.

anvil, n. stithv (rare); spec, teest.

anxiety, n. iv&ive!S& (corUextual) , trouble
(contesiual) , care, disquiet, concern, con-

cernment, uneasiness, suspense, solici-
tude; aee APPREHENSION.

anxious, a. distressed (contextual), trou-
bled (contextucd), careful (rare), uneasy,
concerned, soUcitous; see timid, appre-
hensive.
Antonyms: see careless, bold, calm,

CONFIDENT.

anybody, n. any one.

anyhow, adv. anyways, anyway, anywise.

anything, n. aught (literary), ought (the

less usiuil spelling).
apart, a. 1. separate, aloof, away, aside;

spec, distant, foreign.

a. See UNRELATED.

apart, adv. 1. separately, aside, away,
aloof, asunder.
Antonyms: see together, adjacent,

TOUCHING.

a. independentlv.

apathetic, a. dull, phlegmatic, calm (conn
textual), cold, sluggish, cold-blooded, in-
ert (literary or learned), impassive, indif-
ferent, insensible, nerveless, torpid, tor-
ment (rare); spec, languid, languishing,
anguorous, listless, lethargic, inexcitable,
ackadaisical.
Antonyms: see eager, excited, ardent,

ANGRY, IMPETUOUS, COMPASSIONATE,
EMOTIONAL, EMPHATIC, ENERGETIC, SUS-
CEPTIBLE, SPIRITED, AMATORY, AFFEC-
TIONATE, HATEFUL, etc.

apathy, n. dullness, sluggishness, inert-
ness (literary or learned); spec, languor,
torpor, lethargy, lassitude, calm (context-
tud), etc.

apiece, adv. individually, each, severally.

apostasy, n. 1. recreancy, tergiversation
(rare), abandonment, perversion, seces-
sion, lapse, relapse. Cf. backslide.
Antonyms: see constancy.
a. See desertion.

apostate, n. 1. renegade, recreant, turn-
coat, pervert or (coUoq.) vert, transfuge
(rare), tergiversator (rare); spec, back-
sUder.
a. See deserter.

apostate, a. recreant.

apostatize, t;. i. 1. renegade, secede, re-

Cross rrferences: see Note.

aatlo, a.: groteaque, frisky, buf-
foonish.

aatio, n.; buffoon, caper.

aattotpant: anticipatory , ex-
pectant.

antifebrile: febrifuge.

antipethy: aversion, <ibhor-
rence, incompatibiliiy.

antipodal: opposite.

aatipodet: underworld.

aatlpyretto: febrifuge.

aatiaueted: old, oldrfashioned,
cbeolete, chronic.

aatloue: old, old-fashioned.

aatitnesis: contrast.

entlthetlo: contrasting.
antitype: foreshadow.
antler: horn.

anyway, anjrways: any?iow.
apace: rapidly.
apaohe : desperado .
apartment: room, suite.
ape, n.: simian, imitator.
ape, V. t.: imitate.
apelike : s imian.
aperient: cathartic.
aperture: opening.
apex: top, cusp, height.
aphorism: saying.
apiary: beehive.
apish: simian, imitative.

aplomb, a.: vertical.

aplomb, n.: assurance, verti-
cality.

apocalypse: revelation, dis-
closure.

apooalyptio: revelatory.

apologetlo: justificatory, ex-
cusatory.

apologist: justifier, excuser.

apologue: fable.

apology: justification, excuse,
substitute.

apophthegm: saying.

apostrophe: address.

apotheosize: deify.

appall: frighten, dismay.

HT See Notes of Explanation.
19

APPAKAGS

lapse, lapse, Fall, vert Icolloq., Eng.); see

BACKS UDE.

S. Hee DGSEBT.

appsDBc*! '•■ adjunct, appurtenance, pro-
prium (tech.). property Iflonlexbud) ; spec.
perquisite, prerogative.

appAiatni, n. 1. rigging, machine, ma-
chinery, meehaniBm, gear, plant, enginery
(o/len fig.); spec, tackle.

t. Ste INSTRnUBNT, EQDIPMENT.

mppacent, a. 1. See evident.
X. seeming, ostensible, ost«nsive (rare),
eemblable (rare or literary), evident (rare):
spec, phenomenal, external, sensible; see

Anionspns: see hidden, 4Ctuai~
apparently, adu, seemingly, etc., methinka
(archaic and usuaUy poetic). Cf. apfab-

apparltlon, n. 1.

S. specter, appearance, phantasm, phan-
tom, tm^(e, sbow, shadow, umbrage (lil-
erory), idol (lilerary or learned), phaam
(rare), shape {now rare or coniexliial),

Ehantaat (rare), phanlasma (rare), eido-
m (Uamed); spec, double, wnuth, feteh,
double- ganger, bogy, hoodie (ScoC.),
epiphany, Christephany, blue-devils (cot-
log?), illusion; see ohost, skubi-jlUCE.

appulUooal, a. phantom, phoutasmic
(rare), phantaamaJ.

appeal, f. i. 1. turn; gpee. refer; if. ap-
peal, n., I.

X. apply, aak, pray, sue, entreat (rare),
cry Cftfl.), plead, go (conlexlwU; Mp. wUh
"up ), petition.

appeal, n. 1. As used in law: counter-
plea (rare); spec, recusation, plaidoyer,
a. application, turning, reference, address
(rare), prayer; apec, memorial.
t. application, request, asking, call, cry,
prayer, entreaty, plea, suit; wpec. oath,
captation.

4. See ATTRACTION.

appear, v. i. 1. show (riow coHog.). emerge,
issue, peer (archaic), spring (chiefly spec.),
offer, develop, come (canlexlual); spec.
^ure, rise, sparkle, coappear, compear
(law), issue, loom, glimpse (archaic).
AnionffiriK: see disappeab, vanish.
1. See SEEM.

appeannoe, n. I. appearing, manifest^'
lion, show (coUoo.), rise, apparition
(learned) ; spec, snadow, reapparition,
avatar, glimpse, outcrop, gleam.
Antonyms: see disappearance.

9. Bpedes (tech.), phase, guise, aspect, fig-
ure, look, favor (archaic), (ace, form,
shape, surface, shadow, phantasm, ghost,
complexion, cast, color, show (now rhetor-
iad or poetic, exe. oe referring to an Ulusory
or deceiving appearaiux), portraiture
(rare), visage (rare); spec, perspective,
smoke, facies (natural hist.); see asfec^f.
S. phenomenon; spec, meteor (etp. tech.). I

4. semblance; spec, likeness.

B, See APPARITION,

appeaae, v. t. 1. See batisft, pactft.

i. slake, quench, assuage, allay, mitigate,
lay (archaic); see satisfy.

appeaiement, n. 1. See satistaction
a. slaking, assuagement, etc. Cf. .
PEASE, a.

appeDdage, n. 1. attachment, pendicle
(chiefly Scot.), codicil (fig. or spec.); spec
chatelaine, chatelaine (French), fob, pen-
dant, tang, crook.

5. See PROCESS.

appendix, n. attachment, addition, oodi-

cil (fig. or spec); spec, excursus,
appetite, n. l. belly {fig.), hunger, desire,

craving, maw (fig. or spec.); spec, malacia I

(leek.); see thihst.
Antonyms: see disodst, surfeit.

applaud, V. t. Spec, acclaim, clap, cheer,
encore, chirrup (Eng.; slang), claque
(card or slang); see praieb.
Antonyms: see condeuNj censure.

applaud, EI. t. Spec, acclaim, clap, cheer,
bti2za, stomp.

applause, n. 1. See phaibe.
a. Referring to what is done by way rf
praise; spec, plaudit (chiefly in pi.), han(>>
clap, clap, hozanna, huzzas (pi.).
Antonyms: see CONDEMNATION, censdeb.

apple, n. pome (poetic).

apple-ahaped, a. pomiform (tech.).

Applicable, a. 1. See ADAPTAB1.&.
a. suitable, usable, adaptable, devotable;
jpec. appropriate, appropriable.

applioation, n. 1. apposition, touching.
a. constancy (contextiuU), assiduity, de-
votion, appliance, sedulity (rore), seda-
lousness, iutentness, diligence. Industry,
attention.
Antonyms: see CRANaBABLENESS, indo-

a. resort, recourse, recurrence.

4. See ASKING, APPEAL, APPROPRIATION.

t. Spec, poultice, plaster, epitbem, stupe,

1, ointment, cerate.

elothino,

■ppartKln: bdone. rslalf.

appstlM: reliiA,
a^prntiwIUM^ palatable.
VplleDOe: appiicalian, in- I

APPROPRIATE

•PPljf V, t. 1. put (unih "to" **on" or
^'upon^y use (vnih ''to,'* ''tm/' or
''upon*'), lay (unth "to," "on," or "upon"),
bestow (archaic); spec, misapply,
t. direct, concentrate, give, devote, ad-
dress, bend, buckle, put, keep, ply (rare or
dial.); see addict.

S. See APPROPRIATE, RELATE.

»PPly» »• **• !• bear (wUh "on" or "upon"),
hold, subsist.

t. address (rare), turn, run, resort, go
(cofUexlual); see appeal.

appoint, V. t 1. ordain, prescribe, fix, or-
der, frame, establish, aetemiine, preap-
point, decree, direct, set, destine, fore-
ordain^ dispose; spec, redetermine,
a. designate, assign, constitute, set, fix,
limit, settle, cast; spec, commission,
place, name, detail, depute, deputize
\U. S.), delegate, prick, nominate, des-
tine, attach, determine, predetermine,
locate; see apportion, appropriate.
Antonyms: see forbid.
S. /See EQUIP.

appointed, a. "fixed, ordained, determined,
set, etc,

appointment, n. 1. ordinance, ordina-
tion, ordainment, establishment, disposi-
tion, determination, prescription, decree,
direction, settlement, foreordination, pre-
determination.

S. desi^ation, constitution, settlement,
limitation; 8i>ec. commission, deputation,
indiction, aestination, determination,
etc.; see apportionment, appropria-
tion.

S. engagement, assignation, tryst (liter'
ary), meeting, date (coUoq.),
4. See equip.

apportion, t;. t. portion (less umial than "ap-
portion"), assign, appoint, allow, allocate,
allot, admeasure, measure (archaic or fig.),
award, mete (rare), give (contextiud), dis-
tribute, deal (chiefly spec.); spec, award,
limit (U. S, & Canada), dole, admeasure
(rare),

apportionment, n. assignment, appoint-
ment, allowance, allotment, etc, Cf, ap-
portion.

appreoiatiTe, a, sensible, sensitive.
Antonyms: see unappreciative.

apprehension, n. fear (toith "lest" or
"iha^'), anxiety (vnth "lest"), solicitude
(with "lest"), scruple (rare).

apprehensiTe, a. fearful (unth "of," "lest,"
or "that"), anxious (unth "for fear that"),
solicitous (unth "lest"), afraid (unth
"that"). "Apprehensive" is used unth
"of," "lest," or "that."
Antonyms: see hopeful.

appreliensiTeness, n. fearfulness, anxi-
ety, soUcitude, fear.

approach, v. i. 1. near^ advance (context-
ual), approximate, mgh (rare), advene
(rare), accede (rare), appropinquate
(rare); spec, borrow, verge, oraw, board,
converge, come.
Antonyms: see depart.
a. approximate (as in qvudity, form, etc.),
near (rare); spec, resemble.
S. come (contextual); — referring to what
draws near in time,

approach, v. t. near, approximate (ar-
chaic), appropinquate (rare), anear (ar-
chaic).
Antonyms: see avoid, leave.

approach, n. 1. nearing, approximation,
advance (contextual); spec, convergence.
Antonyms: see avoidance, divergence.
a. coming.
S. In pL: advances (pi.).

4. access; spec, entrance.
approachini^, a. 1. nearing, advancing;

spec, convergent, connivent (tech.), com-
ing.

a. See COMING (in time),
appropriate, v. 1. 1. take, spheterize (rare);
spec, misappropriate, condemn, arrogate,
convert, embezzle, foreclose, secrete,
pocket, usurp; see convert, steal, con-
fiscate.
Antonyms: see abandon, relinquish,

FORGO.

a. assign, appoint, allot, apply, devote,
dedicate (spec, or archaic), design; spec.
reserve, misapply, misappropriate.

5. See ASCRIBE.
appropriate, a. 1. See peculiar.

a. becoming, suitable, fit, fitting, meet,
condign (of punishment), felicitous (o(s
tion, remark, etc.), convenient (archaic),
convenable (obs.), feat (archaic), compe-
tent (archaic), likely, proper, appropriate,
apposite, pat (chiefly spec), apt, good,
rignt^ sortable (archaic), idoneous (rare),
concinnous (rare), con^uous; spec, happy,
decent, graceful, applicable; see timely.
i Antonyms: see unsuitable, untimely.

.^ ' Cross mferenus: aee Note.
iVPtMlte: aTppropnate^ rdcUive.
apposltloms application, re-

uiion.
mpvniwtdz valuation.
i4»pndse: value.
im»pgmiienient; valuation,
appreciable: perceptibU.
i4»preoi«te: value, feel, advance.

appreciation: valuation, feel-
xng, advance, understanding.

i4»pr«clatlTe: sensitive.

apprehend: arrest, capture,
perceive, understand, expect,
fear.

i4»prehenslble: understand-
able, perceptible.

apprehension: arrest, capture.

intelligence, perception, expector

turn, fear. \gent.

apprehenilve: afraid, inteili-
apprlse: notify, inform.
approachable: accessible, af-

fabU.

approbate: approve, admire.
approbation: approval, ad*

miration.

la^ See Notes of Kiplanatloa.
21

■ppiopri>telr> ado. becomingly, suitAbly,
eic., apropos. Cf. appbophiatb, a., a.

approprlateneia, n. becomingness, suit-
ability, fitness, felicity, eic.

appropriation, n. takiDg, applicatioa ;
spec, confiscation, arrogat^on, aUotmunt,
secretion, etc. Cf. appropriate, v. t.

approval, n. approbation, aupport, sane-
Won, imprimatur (spec, or jIjOi indoree-
ment, countenance, accepttuice; spec.
vor, fancy, auBpicea, vis^ (FTeneli);

AOHIBATION, PRAISE, UKOfQ.

approve, v. t. approbat« (rare; chiefly
Eng.), sanction, support, countenance,
sustain, pass, indorse, second; spte. en-
courage, preconise (rare), favor, vis6; tee

Antony nie:

Approximate, a, rough, round, close, near;

— referring to approximations, namberB, etc.
apporteDanoa, n. accessory, beloneiDg,

appurtenant; epec. paraphernalia {vt^,

incident (lau:), requisite, property (Ihea-

ters), -piope (pi.; theaters);

APPANAOE.

ftqnillne, a. Referring to the nose: hawk-
nosed (rare or opprobrious), beaked,
hooked, Roman.
Antonynta: see pdo-nosbd, bkub.

ftrable, a. plowable, tillable.

arable, n, mfield (Brit.), earthland (rare),
plowlaad.

arMtrary, a. 1. See absolute, capri-

aOOS, TYaANNlCAI,, AtTTOCRATIC.

i. High-handed, willful, high (cottog.).

arboT, n. bower; spec, pergola, pandal
( A nglo-Indian ) .

arboreal, a. arboral, arboreous, arborous,
dendral (rare).

aroade, n. passage (contextual),' spee. clois-
ter, loggia {lUuian).

aioh, n. cove (the ordiTtarp hollow arch),
fornix (Latin); apee. ogivo, ekewback,
conch, concha, vault, invert, concamera-
tion (rare), span.

arob, V. t. 1. cove, vault (chiefly spec.), em-
bow (liierary), concamerate (rare)," spec.
hog, hump, hunch,
t. span, overvault (rare), overarch.

aroher, n. sagittary (rare), bowman, bow-
yer (rare); spec. Sagittarius.

archite«t> n. builder (conlexlaal), maker f
(rare), uuustructor (ooniexlual), mai
builder {lech.); spec, ecoleaiologist.

architecture, n, structure, building, con-
struction; spec, eccleaiology.

*. eager, impetuous, hot, warm, fierv,
burning, fierce, fervent, glowing, feverish,
fervid, perfervid (emphatic for "fervid";
rare), zealous, passionate, enthusiastic or
enthuaiastical (both ardiaic).

Antonyms: see apathetic, tNDrrrERBNT.
ardor, n. eagerness, impetuosity, ardency, t
fervor, fever, feveriahness, heat, glow, '
warmth, fire, (ilan (French), fierinesa, vo- ]
hemenee, zeal, flame, spirit, soul, verva \
(lUerary or bookish), fervenliiess, fervid- ,
ity (rare), perfervor (rare), enlliusiasm
(archaic). '

ArUonyms; see apathy, indiffebbncb.

rea, n, 1. Referring to an extent of land:

(contextual), size, stretch; spec, sheet, ter- i
rain, t«rrane; .

t. extent, expanse, space, room \,now 1
chiefly spec.). '

arena, n. I. Spee. circus, ampfaitheatet,
cirque, ring, lists (pi.), cockpit

argument, n. 1. reason (eonlextual); spee.
silencer, fallacy, sophism, sockdologer
(slajin, V. S.), settler (coOiq.), diiemina;

see REASON.

a. See DiactTssioN, oiaPOTB.
aricht, odii Spec, rightly, correctly, just-
ly, properly.

Antonyms: see die.
arliinf, n. 1. See RISE

9. origination, spring, rise, beginnilig,

birth, etc. Cf. akise, v. i., a.
arlitoora«r, n. 1. Referring to a form or

j/rineipU of govemm^: optimacy (rare),

patriciate (rore).
AnlonyTTis: see demochact.

>. See NOBiLriT.

(. As a collective; quality (chiefly arehaie

or dial.).

approximAtali': aboiA.

^^H

^

t^* See Hotu ol EipUnatloa.

ARSIS

arlstoerat, n. patrician (learned), op-

timate (learned); see noble.
aristocratio, a, 1. See noble.

a. patrician (rare), [common.

Antonyms: see democratic, plebeian,

arm, n. 1. wing (coUoq. or humorous^ exc.

spec.); spec, brachium, humerus, forearm.

a. brandi; spec, inlet, estuary, fiord or

fjord; see branch.

S. projection; spec, transept, jib, davit,

fluke, crane; see boom.

4. See POWER, weapon, sleeve.

arm, v. t, 1. equip; spec, panoply, heel,
lead G^)i forearm,
a. SeeABMOR.

armed, a. equipped (rare); spec, pano-
plied, forearmed.
Antontpns: seejmABMED.

armhole, n. 1. See armpit.
a. armseye (tech.), scye (rare).

armor, n. Spec, panoply, mail, bard.

armor, v. t. 1. Referring to man or horse:
arm, mail; spec, panoply, helm (archaic
or poetic).

a. Referring to a vessel^ aSroplane, etc.:
protect (contextual), plate, mail (rare).

armored, a. mailed, mail-clad; spec, pano-
plied, loricate, iron-clad.

armpit, n. armhole, axilla (tech.),

arma, n. 1. armament, armor (obs. or rare);
see WEAPON.

a. In heraldry: coat of arms or (for short)
coat, bearings (pi,; often in sing^^ blazon,
ensign, blazonment, blazonry.

army, n. 1. host (archaic or poetic), array
(archaic), force, forces (pi.), troops (pi.),
legion or (pi.) legions (orig. spec.), men-
of-war (pi.; now rare or hist.), battalion
(archaic); spec, fyrd (hist,), division, corps,
a. See multitude, organization.

arrange, v. t. 1. dispose, distribute, allo-
cate (learned), lay; spec, adjust, classify,
range, rank, trim, organize, systematize,
marshal, collocate, form, array, eroup,
defilade, brigade, dress, pitch, echelon,
space, size, compose, recompose, order,
tidy (coUoq.), drape, seriate (rare); see

ORGANIZE, pack, ADJUST.

Antonyms: see disarrange, confuse.
a. In music: spec, orchestrate, score, in-
strument.

5. settle, accommodate, reconcile, com-
pose, compound^ compromise (obs. or ar-
chaic); spec, adjust, arbitrate, mediate.

4. See AGREE, STIPULATE, ADAPT, PLAN.

arrangement, n. 1. disposure, disposition.

allocation (learned), ordinance (now only
in literature or art); spec, systematizalion,
ordination, malarrangement, trim, group-
age, organization, defilade, categorization,
chronography, collocation, cc^ification;

see ORGANIZATION, ADJUSTMENT.

Antonyms: see disorder.
a. Referring to the resuU: disposure, dis-
position, form, shape, etc. (with most of the
term>s under 1., above), lay; spec, make-up,
orderliness, array, schematism, cosmos.
S. In music: spec, orchestration, instru-
mentation, score.

4. settlement, accommodation, reconcili-
ation, composite; spec, exchange, stipu-
lation.

5. Referring to the result: settlement;
svec. mise (Eng.; hist.), bundobust (Anr
glo-Indian); see agreement.

6. See ADAPTATION, PLAN, THING.

arranger, n. Spec, disposer, distributer,
classifier, marshal, etc. Cf. arrange.

arrest, v. t. 1. See stop, restrain.
a. seize, apprehend, bond (slang), nick
(coUoq. or slang), grab (colloq,), pinch
(slang), collar (slang).

arrest, n. 1. See stoppage, restraint,

IMPRISONMENT.

a. seizure, apprehension, arrestment

(chiefly Scot.), arrestation (a Gallicism),
arrival, n. coming, access (rare), advent,

subvention (rare; chiefly spec.).
arrive, v. i. come, attain (with "to"),

accede (rare), subvene (rare; chiefly spec.),

reach (with *'to"). *' Arrive'* takes ^*ai*' for

its preposition.
arrogance, n. presumption, assumption,

pride, overweening, haughtiness, etc, Cf.

ARROGANT.

arrogant, a, presumptuous, overbearing,
assuming, assumptive (rare), magisterial
(bookish or learned), fastuous (rare), high-
minded, high, overweening, uppish (col-
loq.), topping; see self-important, im-
pudent, HAUGHTY, ROUGH.
Antonyms: see agreeable, affable,

HUMBLE, submissive, BASHFUL, ABJECT,
condescending, OBSEQUIOUS.

arrow, n. missile (contextual), shaft; spec,
bolt, flight, sumpit, vire (hist.), quarrel.

arrow-headed, a, sagittate sagittated; —
both tech,

arsenal, n. armory.

arsis, n. thesis (the original sense of **thesis**
being the same as the present common
sense of **arsis," and vice versa).

Cross references: see Note,
i: fieet.

arma, equipmerU.
axmorial: heraldic
annory: areenal.
•roint, inter j.: atoay.
smeU.

aromatlo: odorous.
around: about.
arouse: wake, rouse, excite,
arraign: accuse.
arrant: outrageous,
tapestry.
r, n..* arranQement, army.

body, group, clothing.
array, v. L: arrange, dothe.
arrear: debt.
arrive, v. t.: reach.
arrogate: appropricUe, assume,

cucribe.
arrowy: rapid.

t3r See Notes of EzpUnation.
23

ftit, n. 1. craft, skill {arciiaic); spec, trade,
handicraft, cacotechny (rare), diaciplinc,
rayB(«ry.
a. See skill, ingeniousniiss, LBARwrna,

S, craft, craftiness, wiliness, deceitful-
neaa, artfulness, Btrat^gy, cunninij, insidi-
ouanees (rare), finesse, aesign, artifice, in-
genuity, policy, slyness, subtlety or subtlo-
nesa (boA now rare), puwkiaeas (Sail, or
di/U.), foxiness (chiefly eollog.), Coxery
(rare); see TRicKiNEas; — moelly taitk iipe-
eific im]^icalion.s.
Anbmjpna: spec. artlesatiesB, franknesa
(see ARTLESS, frank).

•Ttlult a. 1. See beillpttl, ingexious.
>. crafty, ely, wily, deceitful, ounninK,
mercurial (Jig.), caut«Ious (archaic), subtle
(now rare), subtile (d>sotescerU), stealthy,
politic, insidious (rare), versute (rare), foxy
(chiefly coUog.); crooked, fly (slang), nawky
(Scot, or dial.; chiefly nwmorous); see
TBICKt; — mostly with specific impiicaiiims.
Antonyma: see artlkss, tbank.

tutlole, n, I. piece; spec, contribution,
critique, review, essay, feuilleton
(French), appreciation, notice, paper,
skit, study, sketch, apology.
S. thing (conlextual), commodity; spec.
export, import; see qoodb.

tutlfic*^ n. 1. See art, iNGENionsNESs.
S. device, trick, subterfuge, shuffle, fi-
nesse, ingenuity (rare), maneuver, prac-
tice, design, contrivance, fetch, trickery
(rare), Btratsgv (rare), stratagem, feint;
spec, counterplot; see tbick, pretense.

artlllofli, n. craftsman; spec, artizan, ar-
tist, DiedaluB (fig.).

aiUfloiol, a. factitious, made, false, made-
up, manufactured (spec, or fig.), painted
(spec, orfi^/.); spec, latwred, unnatural, the-
atrical, constrained, ciUtivated; see pnB-

TENDED, CODNTEH»t:iT, CONVENTIONAL.

Antonyms: see natcral.

artUIary, n. ordnance, enginery (archaic);
spec, archery, broadside, battery, onagers
(pi.), trebuckets (p(.); aee cannonbt.

■TtUlsrymsn, n. iFunner; see cannoneer.

Kttlit, n. artiste (French); spec, dilettante,
pastelliat, painter, sculptor, etcher, car-
toonist, coforiat, water-coloriat, landscap-
ist, impressionist, cubist, futurist, rapm
(frencn), pianist, violinist, organist, ele.
""' n, "nrii,i " e-rr n^ shownby Ihe cart'

^^^P The term "artist," exe. t

^^^^ 1^ Cron rtfimai: •« Male.

I KttmlBMt Joint, pranmint

L SBoandaniMS aavndancn-

^^^^ uomduitfa.: riniui. wilrDlJ

text, refers to one skilled in painlity, sculpt-
ure, etc.
artiaU«, n. artful (archaic), da»lal (fig.),
spec. paiiit«Tly.

Antonyms: see inaktistic.

S. simple, innocent, inartificial, naive or
(less jAucd) naif, natural, guilelcas, ingen-
uous, straightforward, plain, unsonhisti-
caled; spec, rural, rude, homely, home-
Bpun, homebred; see frank.
Antonyms: see abtfijl, CALcmjiTiNa,

I

artleBRneHB.

ity, unsophi
artificiality (7

naivety (French).
tion, ingei
0, simplei

etc. Cf. .

»s, adv. tt eonj. L. like (generc^y canBideredM

wlgar or slovenly).

uoend, v. i. I. See risb, cumb, blofb.

1. Referring to going back in time: mount. 1
■woend, v. t. climb, mount, riae; spec, re- I

ascend, clamber, top.
A ntonyms: see descbnh,
•so«ndan«y, n. control, ascendance (ra

ascendant.
aeoent, n. 1. iSpee. rise (which *

climbing (c/. climb).

9. alope, rise, gradient (tech.; En,g.);

aaoetlc, a. austere, abstemious, mortified I
(rare); "

Antonyms: see SELF^QRATimNC, OLtrr^ I

TONOU8, sENBDOOs, convivial. I

asoetlo, n. Spec, fakir, etyUte, yogi (Hiii- 1
dv, philos.); see hebmit,

Aritonyms: see BON-VIVANT, OLVTm^,

asoeticlBiD, n. austerity, abstemiousneas;

Antonyms:
KBOdbc, V. t. 1. See ATraiBUTB, accredit.

1. attribute, assign, arrogate (literary),

appropriate.
aacfiptlau, n. I, See attbibution.

a. attribution, arrogation (literary), ap* I

propria tion.
aaezual, a. neut«r (biol.), aexlesB.
ABli, a. cinerary (lUerary cr tech.), ashen,
aih;, a. ashen, cinereous (literary or tedi.), I

cineraceous (rare), cineritious (Uterary or 4

tech.), favillous (rore). I

ulde, n. bye; spec, byplay, by-end, by> I

matter; see

uoartalakhtot ditto
milimmcd: abathoL
julrn; ath.athj/.
milior«: aground.

MMItftlBI iite

tS" 8« Rotu ot EiptonaHon.

ASSOCIATE

V. t. 1. With the person as the object:
request; spec, beg, crave (literary or for-
mal), pray (archaic, exc, in certain phras-
es), entr^t, beseech, petition, implore,
supplicate, dun, importune, move, plead,
adjure, conjure, obsecrate (rare)y sue, so-
licit, earwig, knee (rare), coax.

Antonyms: see forbid, compel.
a. WiUi the thing asked for as the object:
request; spec, beg, entreat, implore, sup-
plicate, demand, petition, clamor, can-
vass, require, seek \archaic), exact, solicit,
call, invoke, cry.

Antonyms: see reject.
S. See SUMMON, qxtestion, demand, in-

VITB.

ask, V. i. 1. Spec, beg, beseech, plead, ap-
peal, postulate (rare), petition, sue, clam-
or, importune, ^treat (rare).

a. 5ee QXTESTION.

asker, n. S']^. requester, applicant,
craver, supplicant, entreater, claimant,
suppliant, orator (law), etc. Cf. ask, v. t.

askewy a. crooked (corUexttud), distorted,
awry, atwist (rare), skew, skewed; spec.
loxic.

asking, a. 1. interrogative, interrogational,
interrogatory, implorative, postulatory
(rare).

S. Spec, requesting, begging, etc., suppli-
catory, solicitant (rare), suppUcant. sup-
pliant, precative, implorative, postulatory
(rare), precatory (chiefly legal or tech.),
petitory (rare), petionary (rare). Cf. ask.

asUng, n. 1. Spec, begging, question, re-
quest, petition, impetration, imploration
(rare), application, postulation (rare),
prayer, canvass, solicitation, importunity,
dun, entreatment (archaic), entreaty, ob-
secration, beseechment, obtestation (lit-
erary or learned), imploring, imploration,
instancy (rare), soUcitation, suit (literary),
petition, suppliance, supplication, roga-
tion, comprecation; see appeal.
a. Referring to what is asked: see re-
quest.

aspeot, n. U See appearance, sidb,

PACING.

a. appearance, light, angle (chiefly col-
log.), complexion, phase, face, view, look.

aspiran^ n. aspirer, seeker; spec, candi-
date, suitor, competitor.

aspirate, n. spiritus, breathing, aspiration.

aspirated, a. rough (contexttud), spirated,
aspirate (rare).

assail, v.<. 1. iSee ATTACK,
a. pelt, ply, storm, bestorm (rare); spec.
din, hoot.
Antonyms: see defend, shelter.

assailable, a. pregnable.

assassin, n. Spec, thuff) sicarian (rare).

assassinate, v. t. murder (contextual), re-
move; spec, morganize (U. S.).

assay, n. trial, test, examination; spec, an-
alysis, cupel, cupellation, docimasy.

assembly, n. 1. See gatherinq, com-
pany.

a. Referring to the more formally organized
gatherings of persons, spec.: synod, salon,
chapter, plenum, court, moot, conven-
tion, convocation, congregation, legisla-
ture, congress, senate, house, diet, cham-
ber, camera (rare or hist.), cabinet, coun-
cil, parliament, meeting, chapter, cama-
rilla (Spanish), comitia (Roman hist.),
muster; see convention, council, con«
gregation.

assess, v. 1. 1. charge, levy,
a. See TAX, value.

assessable, a. leviable.

assimilate, v. t. 1. See conform, liken.
a. adapt, absorb; spec, digest;— -oZ^ often
used fig. of ideas.
Antonyms: see excrete.

associate, n. companion, fellow, consoci-
ate (rare); spec, sister, brother, conjunct
(rare), chum (coUoq.), famiHar, comrade,
intimate, covey (stang or vulgar), comes
(astron.), crony, yokefellow, housemate,
gossip, cummer (Scot.), ally, confederate,
accomplice, shipmate, clansman, condia-
ciple (literary), privy, compeer, confrere
(obs. or rare), confrere (French), classmate,
messmate, convictor, cohabitant, capitu-
lary, neighbor, association, partner, co-
partner, consort, spouse, mate, comate
(rare), coadjutor; see ally, sister, col-
league, attendant.

associate, v. t. 1. join, unite, link, conjoin,
attach (with "to ), combine, ally (chieflp
spec.), mingle; spec, pool, syndicate, bn-
gade, regiment, consort, couple, league,
a. Referring to mental association: con-
nect, join, unite, Unk, sort (rare or liters
ary), consort (rare or literary), couple,
mingle.

tsr Cross references: see Note.

aspiration: aspirate, desire,

assererate: state.

ambition.

assiduous: diligent, constant.

aspire: desire, rise.

active, persistent.

•sleep: deeping, numb.

asquint, adv.: obliquely.

assign: appoint, refer, appoT'

•slope: sloping.

asquint, a.: squint-eyed.

tion, appropriate, cuijudge, os-

asperltf: roughnen, acrimony.

ass: donkey, blockhead.

cribe, attribute, transfer.

mmp%n%i apnnkU, dtsparaoe.

assault: attack.

Sipersloii: aprinJdino, diapat'

assent, v. i.: accede.

assist: serve.

oQemont.

assistance: aid, contribution.

assert: maintain, state.

assistant, a.: accessory, hdpfvi.

msphTxiJitlon: tuffooation.

assets: property.

assistant, n.: aider.

tS' See Notes of Ezplanatloa.
25

ASSOCIATE

•■saeljtte, v. 1. 1. unite, combine, join, con-
join, coneociate (rare), mingle: s/kc. mis-
aort (rore), mingle, mix, neighbor, herd,
hobnob.

t. companion {ran;), conaort lliierary or
formal). teUow iron), assort (rare), felTow-
ship, accompany (rore), train (.slang), oon-
Bociale (rare), eort (dial, or archaie). for-
gather; tpec. Bororize (rare), fraternize,
mingle, mix, neighbor, clique, crony
(race), herd, haunt {rare, exc. oj ani-
■mala), miasort (rare), hobnob; see con-

•iiaaoUtiaii, n. 1. joining, union, connec-
tion, conjunction (rare), linking, combi-
nation, alliance (rare, exc. spec.), mingling;

a. company, companionship, fellowBhip,
consociation (rare), consort (Ziferary),
consortion (rare); «pec. comradeahip,
comradery (rare), camaraderie (French),
confraternization (rare), fraternization,
complicity.

>. body; gpec. company, society, band,
trooj), crew, gang, dan, concern, conso-
ciation, pool, trust, combine, hong (CAi-
nese), noev (Ckijtese), Burachenschoft
(German), bond (Dutch), league, craft,
trade, profeaaion, brigade, union, mys-
tery, college, Atieuicum, guild, board,
fellowship, academy, order, sodality,
brotherhood, sisterhood, institute, con-
gregation, communion, connection, somaj
(India), fratry (o6s, or hist), choir, chan-
try, ku-klux, chapter, camorra, organiza-
tion, corps, bunt, clique, carbonani (pi,;
Italian); see convent, party, compant,

PARTNERSHIP, CORPORATION, riRM, CUTB,
UNION, SISTERHOOD.

ctoJum); spec, reassume, arrogate.
S. postulate, suppose, fiction (rare), feign,
presume, preauppiMe, say (used m the im-
peraHtte), hypothesize, hypothetize (rare),
posit, pose (rore), beg (chiefly in "to beg
theqmttUm.").

Antonyms: see oekt.
•. affect, take (a eharacter), invest (i
sey mith), endue {liUTary), strike (an <
lude); spec, reasaume; see act.

Anlonj/ms: see doff.
4. take (as in "to lake the shape of).
i. See

BBsmiie, u. t. presume, \'enture.

»iBuin«d, a. supposed, hypothetical, hy-
pothetic, Buppoaititious, suppositional,
supposiUve, fictional, fictionary (rare),
presupposed, presumptive, paper (ail-

■Mj.); spec, given.

Assnmliii;, a. presuming, nervy (dang),
presumptuous, immodest (rare), assump-
tive, hoity-toity {unaoily implying petu-
lance or iU-ttmper), superior, forward,

lofty; we ARROGANT.

Antonyms: see abject, Uodest, VSFHa-

assumption, n. 1. taking; spec, reaasump-

S. supposition, suppoaal (rare), Buppo-
aure (rare), postulation, presupposition,
prraupposal (rare), presumption, hy-
pothesis (tech, or Zeameo).
Andmjfma: seeDENiAi.
1. Re/erring to the thin^ asBumed: postu-
late (logic, etc.), hypothesis (lech, or
learned), suppose (rare), fiction; spec,
make-believe, datum, premies, condition,
principle. The terms under sense a art
also used concrelelp.

4. affectation, investiture, enduement
(liUrary), striking, etc.
E. presumption, superiority, loftiness,
nerve (slang), cneek (nUnig), forwardness;

I

aiBumptlve, a. 1. See

1. suppository, postulative, presuppoai-

•ssurmnoe, n. 1. warrant, certification;

>. confidence (eontextval), self-assurance,
sufficiency, aelf-confidence, self-reliance,
self-possession, aplomb (French), self-
trust, self-security (rare), self-sufficiency,
plerophory (rare); spec, cverconfideuce,
overtrust (rare), bimiptiousneaa, cool-
ness, cocksm^neas, nerve (slang), cheek
(slang); see boldness, presdmption, IM-
PUDENCE.
Antonyms: see timidity, docbt, dis- '

TRUST, BASKFULNESS, EUBARSASSIHEin'.

I. See GDARANTEB, INSURANCE.

Bssuie, v. t. 1, warrant, tell (conUxtuat),
certify, resolve (a reflexive); spec, re

9. See INSURE.
usareil, a. confident (contexiual), self-as- )
Bured, self-confident, self-reliant, immod-
est (rare), self-aasertive, self-posaeesed; '
spec, bumptious, cool, overconfident, .
flush (rare), Icarian (flg.), independent^
crank (dial.), nervy (slajig), cheeky (slonff), '
presumptuous : see bold, impudent, bbu>>

AHBERTIVE, DECIDED.

Antonyms: see abject, nouBTFUL, tdi-

ID, DISTRUSTFOL, BASHFUL, HEBITATtNO.

I kMuac*: milinalt, apfta—.ta

r See Hotel ol Expluutifm.

ATTEND

assurins, a. Spec, reassuring, comfort-
able, encouraging, emboldening.
Antonyms: see depressing, horrible.

astern, adv. 1. aft, abaft (as in *'the gale
was abafV),

a. See BACKWARD.

astir, a. active, moving; spec, agog; see

AFLOAT.

astray, a. 1. lost, wandering.
9. abroad, out, wide, off (coUoq,).

astringent, a. constrictive, styptic; spec,
puckery, haemostatic, rou^, bmding (coir
log.),

astrologer, n. Chaldean 0^.), astrologian
(rare), cock (fig.; poetic).

astronomy, n. Spec, astrology, astrom-
ancy, meteoroscopy, uranology, uranog-
raphy, astrophysics, astrochemistry, as-
trophotography.

asylum, n. U See refuge.
S. home (contextual), college (chiefly
Eng.); spec, madhouse, sanitarium, beth-
lehem (rare), bedlam (archaic).

at, prep, 1. Referring to place: in, to
(U,S. or dial, Eng,).
S. Referring to time: in, to, by.

atheistic, a, godless.

athlete, n. Spec, boxer, fighter, pancra-
tiast, acrobat.
Antonyms: see weakling.

athletic, a, 1. palsestral (rare); spec.
agonistic, gymnastic, acrobatic.
S. See STRONG.

athletics, n. Spec, gymnastics, agonis-
tics, acrobatism.

atmospheric a, airy, aerial, elemental
(referring to almospheric forces), meteoric
(tech,),

atomise, v, t. comminute, spray, reduce
(contextiud); spec, nebulize.

atomiser, n. sprayer; spec, odorator,
nebulizer.

atone, v, i, pay (with **for^*).

attach, V, t. 1. take, seize, nail (chs. or
slang); spec, garnishee,
a. join (contextual), add (corUextual),
unite (contextiud) t connect, fasten, fix, af-
fix, annex, tie (chiefly spec,), wed (Jig.), bind
(chiefly spec,), confix (rare); spec, append,
chain, tag, tack, tie, tail, hook, ninge, screw,
pin, engraft, subjoin, barnacle (rare).
Antonyms: see separate, detach,
s. see join, add, associate, appoint,
attribute.

attachable, a. Spec, fastenable, annex-
able, connectable, appendable, etc. Cf.

ATTACH.

attachment, n. 1. joining (contextual),
union (contextiud), connection, annexa-
tion, affixture (rare); spec, confixation
(rare), subjimction (rare), appending,
binding.

% Spec, fixture, affix, annex, postfix, ap-
penoicle, appendix, insertion, fixtures
Xpl,; chiefly U, S,); see appendage.
S. See joining, addition, affection,

LOVE.

attack, V. i. 1. assault, assail, engage, en-
counter, attempt (arcfuiic), aggress (rare;
V, i, only), tackle (coUoq.), storm (diiefly
spec.); spec, charge, ply, beset (literary),
strike, bait, torpedo, mob, grenade, rush,
flank, surprise, fusillade, storm, raid.
Antonyms: see defend, protect, shel-
ter.

S. In a nonphysical sense: assail, impugn
(literary); see dispute, oppose, accuse.
Antonyms: see defend.
S. See CENSURE, affect, begin.

attack, n. 1. assault, assailment, aggres-
sion, encounter, set, onset, offense, oppug-
nation (rare); spec, charge, onslaught,
stroke, musketade, battery, camisade or
camisado (archaic or mil,), descent, bom-
bardment, connonade, raid, sally, sur-
prise, escalade, surprisal, shock, storm.
Antonyms: see protection, defense.
S. In a nonphysiccd sense: assault, im-
pugent (rare), crusade; see accusation.
S. access (tech, or literary), onset, seizure;
spec, epidemic; see fit.

4. See beginning.

attempt, v. t. try, essay, assav (archaic),
offer, make, undertake, endeavor (ar-
chaic), enterprise (archaic); spec, venture.

attempt, n. trial, try (colloq!), endeavor,
venture, slap (coUoq. or slang), offer (rare),
whack (slang), shy (slang), essay (archaic
or literary), set, assay (archaic), under-
taking.

attend, v, t, 1. tend (now rare, arcfuiic, or
U. S,, exc, spec.), serve, mind, nurse,
keep; spec, guard, stroke, watch, feed,
valet, midwife, wash.
Antonyms: see disregard, ignore.

5. In the sense of ^'to be present at'\' spec,
frequent, haunt.

S. See accompany, serve, follow.

Cross references: see Note.
astonlali: surpriae.
aatoond: «iirpn«e.
astraddle: bestridinO'
astrlot: eonatriet.
astrlda: beatriding.
astrlnce: constrict
astute: dUcemtng, threwd,
BubtU.

asunder: apart.
athwart: acroaa.
atmosphere: air.
atomy: partide, pygmy,
atomy : skeleton.
atonio: weak, unaccented.
atrabilious: acrimonums.
atrocious: wicked, crttet, out"
rageous.

atrocity: wickedness, cruelty,
outrage, monstrosity.

attach, V. i.: stick, belong, accrue.

attain, v. t.: reach, get, accom-
plish.

attain, v. i.: reach, arrive, come.

attainment: accomplishment.

attaint, r. t.: contaminate, aidly,

attaint, n.: contamination.

t^* See Notes of Explanation.
27

ftttand, V. i. t. See usTEH. BERVI:.

%, wait, hang {with "upon' ); epee. dangle.

S. In the sense of "to give atienlioii": tend,

look (loifft "after"); spec, minister (uau-

ally vHlh "to"), care {chiefly mlh "for"),

attandaiice. n. 1. tendance, attention,
minding, keeping.

%, waiting (with "upon"), hanging (with
"upon,"), tendance (rare); spec. Bcrvice.

t. iSee ACCOM PAIOMKNT, BBRVICE, HETl-
NUe, COMPANION'.

Kttendant, a. 1. miiUBterial, attending;
spec, serving.

t. See ACCOMPANTINQj STJBSBQnENT.

attendant, n. compaoioa. associate; spec.
shadow, satellite (chief!)/ derogtUary), peo-
ple (pi.), barnacle Cffff.), famulua {Lalin),
chamberlain, escort, acolyte, page, but-
tons (coUoq.), peon (iTidia), orderly,
fcmine de chambre (French), courtier,
courier, outrider, sergeant , henehmaD,
gillie (Scot.), valet, minder, keeper, body-
guard, caddie, cad (Eng.); see handuaid,

attention, n. t. consideration, observ-
ance, regard, heed, respect, notice, ad-
vertence, thought, intentncfla, concentra-
tion, ear (as in "to gwe ear," "to have the
ear of"), observancy {archaic); see appli-

Antonyms: see disrgoasd, inattgin-

1. See civiLiTT, SERVICE.
attentive, a. I. considerate, observant,
heedful, studious, advertent (rare), re-
R.irdful, atteot (arehaie), awake (with
"to"), watchful, intent (wUh "on"), in-
• sntive {archaic), bent (rare, exc. in "bent
'It"), thoughtful, concentrated, mindful,
:arefut, regardant (rare); spec, searching,
resolved, atudioua (tirith "of").
AnUmyms: see absent, djaitehtivb.

t. See POLITE.
attentlveiieas, n. 1. consideration, regard,
heed, intentness, e(c. Cf. attentive.

». See POUTBNBSS, civilitt.
attenuate, i>. t. 1. exlemiat« (rare), spin
(with "out"); spec, draw, finedraw, rope.

a. See THIN, WEAKEN.

attenuated, a. thin; spec, drawn-out,
spun-out, finespun, subtle; see blender.

atteDuaUon, n. 1. extenuation {rare);
spec, drawing, finedrawing.
S. Spec, thinning (tee thin, v.), thinness
(see THIN, a.), subtlety; see blemce&nkbs,

WEAKENTNO, WEAKNESS.

attie, n. earret, loft, cockloft (archaic; of-
ten spec^, Boler (oba. or rare), sky parlor
{humorous or eoUaq.).

attitude, n. 1. Referring to the body or
bodily appearance; see posture, air.
1. Referring to the mind: posture, posi-
tion, set; spec, feeling, twist, prejudice.

attorney, n. 1. See aoent.
t. In the sejtse of "attorney at latv": spec.
solicitor, curator, procurator, proctor,
barrister, counselor, advocate.

attract, v. t. 1. See DRAW, catch.
1. draw, magnetize (fig.), take, pull; spec.
drag, allure, entice, seduce {esp. to evU),
solicit, invite, tempt, attempt (arcAaic),
lure, bait, trap, bonnet, decoy {often jig.),
button (slang), charm.
Antonyms: see repel, disotibt.

attraotlon, n. 1. iSpec. affinity, gravita-
tion, gravity; see drawing.
a. Referring to the act or action or qiudUy;
draw (rare), magnetism (jig.), pulT; spec,
affinity, allurement, appeal, seduction
(esp. Co evU), charm, enticement, inveigle-
ment, temptation, solicitation, glamour.
t. Referring to the thing that attracts: Cyno-
sure (chiefly literary or learnt), bait, do-
coy, magnet, lure, charm. Moat of the
terms under S are similarly used.

attraotlve, a. 1. See drawing.
9. drawing, alluring, seductive (esp. to
einl), catchy (coSoq.), seducing (esp. to
evil), magnetic, allective (rare); spec, en-
ticing, decoying, prepossessing, tempting,
taking, catchy, pleasing, psychagogic
(rare), winning, winsome, temptatlous
(rare), charming, meretricious; seePLBAS-

Anlonyms: see

plcasing-

attrlltutable, a. referable, refcrrible, as-
cribable, imputable, due, chargeable, ow-
ing; spec, traceable.

attrittnte, n. t. 1. refer, ascribe, assign, im-
pute, lay, attach, accredit, count, give,
place, put; spec, mother, father.
Antonyms: see refuse.
i. See ASCRIBE.

attribution, n. reference, ascription, a»-
flignment, ete. Cf. attribute, i'.

auction, a. sale {contextual); spec, subhas-
tation, cant {chiefly Irish), survey (rfiai.
Eng.).

andibie, a. sensible {eontesAuaT), auricular
(rore), bearable (rare).

attHt: Uitifv. aiMtntie
Attlo, a..- daieic. rtflne.

I atttn, >. (..- clothe.
mtttre, ti.,' clothing.
atUtudtnlaa: poit.

atatid. ^^^1

AUTONOMOUS

audienoe* n. 1. Referring to the act, factf
or action: hearing, ear; spec, durbar
(East India), court.

S. Referring to those that hear: auditory
(rare); spec, congregation, theater,
diurch, gallery gods {pi.; coUoq.), gallery,
orchestra, pit; see hearer.

auditoriuiii, n. auditory (rare); spec, pit,
parterre, parquet, cockpit, orchestra.

auricular, a. aural, heard (rare), auditory
(referring to the function of the ear), otic
(rare).

auspidoua, a. 1. See ominous, prosper-
ous.
S. favorable, propitious, promising

})romiseful, prosperous, white (literary),
ucky, fortunate, bright, hopeful, rosy,
flattering, Favonian (rare), felicitous
(chiefly spec.); spec, brilliant, fair.
Antonyms: see inauspicious, ill-
omened.

austere, a. strict (contextyxiL) , severe, rig-
id, stem, hard, difficult (rare), rigorous,
Catonian (rare), astringent (rare); spec.
rugged; see ascetic, abstemious.
ArUonyms: see gentle, self-gratify-
ing.

austerity, n. strictness, severity, rigidity,
rigor, rigorism, etc. Cf. austere.

authenticate, v. t. 1. Spec, canonize,
a. attest, certify, seal (chiefly spec.),
avouch; spec, coattest, consign (rare),
countersign, certificate, test, validate.

author, n. 1. originator, creator, creatress
or creatrix (fern.), breeder (chiefly spec, or
fig.), doer, maker; spec, constructor, de-
viser, producer, inventor, begetter, father,
mother; see creator.

ArUonyms: see creature.
S. authoress (fem.). composer; spec.
writer, scribe, poet, literatist (rare), quill-
driver (contempttums), penner, penman,
scribbler, inditer, contributor, coauthor,
pastoralist, magazinist, magaziner, leg-
endary, mythologist, penny-a-liner, libret-
tist, Gohard (hist.), Utterateur, pam-
phleteer (chiefly derogatory), paragraphist,
paragrapher, compiler, essayist, encyclo-
pedist, bluestocking (coUoq.), penwoman,
pot-boiler (coUoq.), hack, prosaist, paro-
dist, ecloguist, proser, romancer, lexi-
co^pher, textualist, critic, reviewer,
editor. "Author" is now generally used
instead of '^authoress."

authoritative, a. 1. potestative (rare),
magisterial (rare), magistral (rare); spec.

official, standard, valid, canonical, ortho-
dox, cathedral.

S. commanding, imperative, dictatorial,
imperial (rare or allusive), jussive (rare),
peremptory, lordly, imperious; spec, mas-
terful; see DOMINEERING.

Antonyms: see submissive, obedient.
authority, n. 1. power, command, domin-
ion, jurisdiction (chiefly spec.), authoriza-
tion, warrant (chiefly spec.), competency,
faculty (chiefly eccl.); spec, supremacy,
canonicity, canonicalness, agency> pleni-
potence, validity.

S. See MAGISTRATE, INFLUENCE.

S. precedent; spec, decision, dictum, tes-
timony.

authorization, n. permission, license,
sanction, warrant, etc.

authorize, v. t. permit, hcense, sanction,
warrant, empower, enable; spec, commis-
sion, legalize, legitimate, fiat (rare), fac-
ulty (chiefly ecd.).
Antonyms: see forbid.

authorship, n. composition (which see);
spec, pencraft (rare).

autocracy, n. monarchv, despotism, abso-
lutism, tyranny (chiefly wUh reference to
ancierit rulers); spec, czarism, tsarism,
kaiserism, Csesarism.

autocrat, n. monarch, despot (after ann
dent Greek usage), tyrant (chiefly wUh ref-
erence to ancient rulers), dictator (chiefly
hist, and spec); spec, czar or tsar (hist.),
czarina or tsarina (hist.). Kaiser (hist.),
emperor, Caesar (hist.).

autocratic, a. 1. arbitrary, despotic (after
ancient Greek u^age), absolute, tyrannous
or tyrant (chiefly in reference to anderU
rulers).
Antonyms: see democratic, yielding.
S. See arbitrary.

autograph, n. Spec, holograph, sign-
manual; see SIGNATURE.

autographic, a. 1. autograph, manual
(signature); spec, holographic, holograph.
S. self-recording, ipsographic (rare).

automatic, a. 1. self-acting, self-regulat-
ing, self -moving; spec, mechanical, spon-
taneous; see AUTOMOBILE, a.
S. See INVOLUNTARY.

automobile, a. automatic (contextual),
self-moving, locomobile, locomotive
(chiefly spec), automotive.

automobile, n. locomobile, locomotive
(chiefly spec), machine (coUoq.), motor
(coUoq.); spec, autocar, motor-car, elec-

Cross references: see Note.
aadltory: aurictUar.
aadltory: audience^ audiiorium.
ancht: anything^ cipher.
aocment: increiise.
ancmentation: incretue.
aucvr, n.; diviner.

mugux, V. t.: predict^ ngnify.
sugary: divination, sign.
sugttSt: imperial, imposing.
surs: emanation, exhalation,
aenaation.
sureste: golden, gilded.
sureols: crown, halo.

suspioate: begin.

aiisploe: divinaiion, sign {in

pi.), patronage.
suthentio: reliable, genuifie>
suthorised: <iccr edited.
automaton: machine.
autonomous: edf -governing.

fS^ See Notes of Explanation.
29

trie, steamer, runabout, limousine, t«ur-
ing car, roaiislor, towncar, coupe, coupe-
let, Bcdan, coiiverlible, truck, torpedo,
tTMtflr, motoroyi-le, motocycle, cycle car.

•ntamn, n. harvest (,obs. or dvU.), fall
(chiefiy U. S.).

anslUarT, n. secondary, subsidiary, suc-
centuriate (rare), parergal (rare); seeAo-

CESaOttY, ADJUNCT, ANCILURT,

avBlUble, a. Spec, ready, handy,
venient, present, free, disposable,

KTalanchs, n, slide, lauwine (rare); spec.

landslide (cfaefly U. S.), landslip (chiefiy

Eng.), snowslide, snowslip, glissade,

I boulement {French).
mvenser, n. Spec, revenger, Ate, Eu-

menides {^.), Erinnyes (pi.), Alecto,

i (pi.). I
I, Tisiphar

I

kTersse, n. mean, normal, niu, rule.

kverage, v. i. run, go; spec, equate.

sTaraloii, n. disliKe, repugnance, repul-
sion, antipathy, dyspathy (rare); spec.
nausea, horror (imth "of"), loathing, Rus-
sophobia, negrophobia, anthrophobia,
' ' ia, Anglopliobia, C

«ee ABHORRENCE,

Anltmifm*: tee liking, love,

kvert, B. I. turn (chiefly with "from" or
"away"), divert, forfeod (archaic), prci-
vent (rare); tpec. parry.
Anbmifmg: see incur.

KTlKry, n. Spec, cage, birdhouse, dovecote.

avlKtlau, n. aeronautics, flying; ajiec. glid-
ing, soaring, climbing, aSroplaning, hy-
droplaning, planing (coltpg.), volplauin^.

«Tlator, n. aeronaut, airman, flyer, air-
woman, aviatreBB or aviatrix, birdmaD
(colloq.), birdwoman (colioq.); spec, pilot,

gider, observer, spotter (miiilary catU),
imber, scout.
«Told, V. t. 1. ahun, elude, evade, escape,
balk, beware, miaa (eonteitwU), clear, flee,
dodce, blink, run (contextual), help (with
a ciau«e introduced by "biit"), blench
(rore), evite (rare), eschew (rare or oba.,
exc. tpec.); spec, boycott, double, slip.
Anlonyms: see face, mbi

INCUR, UNDERTAKE, COURT.
1. See INVAUDATB.

KTolduiee, n. elusion, evasion, eaohewal,
shunning, eschewmeot (rare), escape
(rareorobs., exc. spec), evitatiou (rare).

await, II, t. tarry, wait, expect (obs.), abid^
bide; spec, watch.

awaka, a. 1. waking; spec, open-eyed.
Antonyms: see OKCONSCioua.
J. See coNsciouB, aij;rt, attentt

■wake, V. i. waken, awaken, rouse,

Bwaid, n. 1. See decision.
•■ assignment, adjudication, adjudge-

awaie, a. 1. cognizant, conscious, sensible,
ware (archaic), intelligent (noTn rare).
Anlonyms:

d or formal,
A "<,/■% acau

"uiilh"), informed (mth "of ), acquainted
(■with "liiiih"); spec, familial (with teith").
"Aware" is uied wiih "of"
Bwarenasi, n. iSpec. cognisance, acquaint-

away, a. & ode. 1, See apart, absent.

S. off, hence.
away, iJiierj. b^one, aroint (obs. or ar-
chaic), hence, off (chiefly with "with"),
avaunt (a word denoting aeersion; now
literary or affected), go; spec, scat, shoo,

■we, n. abashment, fear, reverence, dread.
Aiitonymt: see contempt.

awful, a. fearful, dread, awesome, dreadful.

awkward, a. 1. ungainly, uncouth, clown-
ish, gauche (French), wooden, rustic,
Krot«iBque

Antonyms: tee am
a. tactless, clumsy,
(rare), boorish.

Antonyma:

xNoli

tS" Bee Hotas ot Eiplaaation.

I. See B
awkwardneii, n. maladresse (Frei- .
gaucherie (French), rusticity, gawkine
(coUoq.), ineptitude, ineptness, inj '
(rare), inaptitude (rare), ungainlini

couthness, ciownishness; see CLtntsiKEse.
izlal, a. pivotal.

axiomatto, a. self -evident, apodeictio
(learned), necessary; spec, gnomic, gnom-

axii, n. Spec, apindli

BAOOT

azle» n. axis (rare), shaft; spec, axletree,
arbor, spindle; see pivot.

-sliaped, a. dolabriform (tech.), securi-
form (rare),

ure, a. blue (contextiud), cerulean (liters
ary)f celestic (literary or tech.)f cerule (pa^
etic), cerulescent (rare), skyey (coUoq. or
undignified; rare).

babble, v, i. 1. Referring to inarticulaie or
meaningless sounds^ as of a baby, idiot, etc.;
chatter, clatter, cackle, prate, blather or
blither (dial.), prattle, patter (coUoq^.),
gabble (coUoq.; chiefly derogatory), chip-
per (rare), claver (Scot.), deblaterate
{rare and humorous or contemptuous),
dack (chiefly derogatory), twaddle (rare),
gibber (chiefly spec.), jargon, jargonize
Xrare); spec, orivel, rave.
9. See CHATTER (referring to senseless or
trivial talk), murmttr (as brooks, leaves,

etc.), TATTLE.

bmbble, v. t. 1. chatter, clatter, prattle,
prate, blather or blither (dial.), gabble
XcoUoq.; chiefly derogatory).

a. See TELL, TATTLE.

babble, n. 1. chatter, clatter, prattle, prat-
ing (rare), blatter or blether or blather
(dial.), bibble-babble, babblement, blat-
eration or deblateration (rare and hu-
morous or contemptuous) y patter, gabble
(coUoq.; chiefly derogatory), i argon, prat-
tlement (rare), cackle, clack, claver
(Scot.), clatter, clitter-clatter (rare), prit-
tle-prattle; spec, drivel.

S. See CHATTER, TATTLE, MURMUR.

babyish, a. infantine, infantile, childish,

dolly or dollish.
Bacobanal, n. 1. Bacchant (masc. or

fern.), Bacchante (fem.). Bacchanalian,

Bacchffi (pi.; fem.); spec. Thyiad (fem.),

maenad (Jem.).

9. See REVELER.

ba<»cliio, a. 1. Bacchanalian, Dionysiac,
Dionysian, Dionysic.

a. See REVELING.

back, n. posterior, back side (now used only
of the buttocks when used as one word),
rear, arrear (archaic), backing, dorsum
(tech.); spec, behind (vulgar), breech, butt,
cascabel, gorge, rearward (of an army; ar-
chaic); see BUTTOCKS, REVERSE.

Antonyms: see front.
backbone, n. U spine, spinal column,
rachis (tech.), spina (Latin; tech.), chine
(tech. or archaic), ridgebone (rare).

9. See CONSTANCY, DETERMINATION.

background, n. Tear, distance; spec.
groundwork, setting, distemper.
Antonyms: see foreground.

baoksUde, v. i. sUde (contextual; rare),
lapse, fall, revert, weaken, tergiversate
(rare); spec, refall (rare); see apostatize,

RELAPSE, DESERT.

backward, adv. back, arear, hindward,
rearward, astern (naul. or fig.), abaft (now
only naut.), baft (archaic; now only naul.).

Antonyms: see forward.
backward, a. 1. rearward, hindward,
back, reverse.

Antonyms: see forward, ahead.
S. retrogressive, retrograde, regressive,
recessive; see degenerative, rever-
sionary.

Antonyms: see prooressivb, precocious.
S. retrospective.
bad, a. 1. In the very general sense of **not
good": poor, wretched, execrable (a hy-
perbolism), sad (often jocular), miserable,
horrid (coUoq.; a weak hyperbole).

Antonyms: see good, excellent, fair,
fine.

s. see wicked, harmful, unpleasant,
unsuitable, faulty, imperfect, infe-
RIOR, INVALID (pron. In-v&rid), ailing,

DANGEROUS, SEVERE.

badge, n. mark (contextual), emblem, to-
ken, symbol, sign, ensign (chiefly spec.),
insignia (pi.; chiefly spec.); spec, marker,
recognizance (archaic), colors (pi.), re-
galia (pi.), mon (Japanese), crest, favor,
laticlave, decoration, cockade, chevron,
brassard, weeper, angusticlave, rosette,
cordon, ribbon, button, medal, collar, etc.

bag, n. container (card; contextual), pouch,
case, poke (dial, or tech., exc. in **pig in a
poke"), receptacle (contextual), pocket
(obs. or spec.); spec, capsule, mail, packet,
satchel, sabretache, sachet, sack, sac,
sacklet, reticule, scrip (archaic), purse,
ditty-bag, gunny, bunt, cod, knapsack,
portmanteau, haversack, dilly-bag (orig.
Australian).
S. See SAC.

bag, V. t. pouch, sack.

bag, V. i. pouch, pocket (rare), belly, bulge
(contextual), swell (contextual),

baggage, n. 1. encumbrances (pi.), lug-
gage (chiefly British), viaticals (pi.; rare;
chiefly mU!), impedimenta (pi.; chiefly
mil.), truck (coUoq.), traps (pi.; coUoq.),
plunder (slang or cant), thmgs (pi.; coUoq.;
contextual), trap (coUoq.), dunnage (sailor^ s
slang).

S. See WANTON, GIRL.

Cross references: see Note.

bma: bleat.

bachelor: celibate.
back, v.t.: support, mount, drive.
backbite: censure, defame.
backing: hack, support.

badger: harass, tease.
badinage: pleasantry.
baffle: defeat.
baggy: bao-shapedt flaccid.

%^ See Notes of Explanation.
31

bsR-Bhaped, a. ba^gy, pouchy; lech, sac-
cate, utricular, utnculale, utriculose.

ballifl, n. I. Spet. bailie (Scol.), pursui-
vaat {Btig.), catchpoll (literary: archaic).
beagle (fig.), bumbailiff {eorUemptiuma),
coaa table, Eranger (Big.), hundreder
(Ens.).

bftket f. {. cook (canUxtiad; dmjly spec);
spec, bum, roast, Sre, kiln.

bkke, n. cook (eonlextwd; cktefiy epec.);
spec, roast, bum.

balanoe, n. 1. scales (pi.).
S. iMise, equilibrium, libration (rare),
equipoise, equilibrity (rare), equiponder-
anoe (learned), equiponderancy (rare);
spec, isostaay, Btability, 0/ten uaedfig. of
other than phyticai forct
%. See coDNTERpoiaa,

COUP ARI SON.

4. Referring to character: poiae,
ure, equipoise, evenness; see bai

balanoe, v. t. 1. poise, equilibrate (tech. or
learned), equitibrize (rare); $pec. equate,
trim (ruut.). Often used fig. of Ihirigs or
forces other than ■phyaiad ones.
Antonyms: see ovERTmiN, upset.

FARE, WAVER.

5. Of accounts: equate (rare), square.
liBlknoB, V. i. poise, equilibrate (rare),

librate {said of a bird).
balanoad, a. 1. equilibrious, poised; spec.

stable.

S. Referring lo aaMmtts, total, etc.:

square.
bald, a. U bare (cordextual), hairless,

peeled (oft*, or rare), denilous (rcre), pelon

(as a dog; French); glabrous (tech.); spec.

beardless, whiskerless.
Anionyms: see BAffiT, BEaRdbd.

1. See BARE, ME}

balk, V. i. refuse (rare), jib; spec. shy.
balky, a. restiff (obs. or rare), restive.
ball, n. 1. globe, sphere, orb (chiefly liter-

ary and stiee.), round (chiefly contextual):
cc. sloDule, pellet, Bphericle (rare),
lierule, puck, gutty (slang), grub, bowl.

t, bullet, croquette, bottom (obs.), cop,
marble, jinglet, pii^kin (eoUoy.), carthkin,
lerella, mound, pompoa; «ee dbop.
a. Spec, masqueraae, fandango (now
rare, exc. as to foreign eounlries), masque,

ball, V. I. globe (a reflexive), orb (a refles^
ine), conglobe, conglobate, englobe, en-
sphere; spec, clew;— aii literary or r" "
ere. "baU."

ball.v.i. orb (rare).

ballad, n. song, singsong (chiefly spec.);
spec, cantilena (ItaOan), derry (rare).

band, n. I. Chiefly in plural: bond; spec.
shackle, chain, fetter, trammel, bilbo,
manacle, gyve, handcuff, cuffs (eollog.; pi.),
binding;— iiW implying restraint of per-
sonal luterty.

1. bond, tie, bind, shackle (rare or obs.),
binder, binding, vinculum (tech.); spec.
bandage, couple, strap, chain, rope, bil-
let, cl^p, ligature, ligament, hoop, fillet,
Sirdle, girth, tourniquet, belt, loop, bal-
ric, handsaw, bandoleer, thong, rcgula,
sliver, reElet. tendon, cominissure, breech-
ing, holdback, collar, collet, ferrule, head-
band, fanon, fascia, parrel or porrai,
becket, cincture, cuS, curb, garter, gar-
land, noseband, cavesson, waistband; see

BTRINO, STRAP, HIBBON.

8. stripe, strip, bar, belt, zone, arc, line;
spec, fascia, vitta, friesc, orie; see btreak.
4. association, organization; jipec. bri-
gade (of vmrkers), cohort, union, chorus
(»/ singers), chouan (Frendi).
t. Spec, brass, woodwind, striogs (pi.),
orchestra, Kapelle (Ger.).
band, v. t. streak, stripe, belt, line; see

Ardaayms: see itniform.

bandy, v. t. 1. See beat.
a. toss (words, names, etc.), shuttlecock
(rare), exchange (conteiiual).

bank, n. 1. Spec, mound, dike, shelf, ridge,
terrace, brae (Scot.), embankment, escarp-
ment, terreplein, escarp, glacis, digue
(French), remblai (French); see bak.
9. brim (arcliaic); spec, riverside, levee
(U. S.), rivage (poetic), ripe (rore); tee

bank. v. I. 1. Svec. embank, dike, tenaoe,

escarp, mo una, rampart.

a. See CABOM.
bankrupt, v. i. break, smash (slang), bust

(slang, V. S.).
banner, n. flag (contextual); spec, penon,

oriflamme, gonfalon, gonfanon.
bantam, n. 1. See dwart.

^

B. Referring to a adf-im-poriont fdlow:
cockalDnun.whippersnapper.akipjack (nr-
ebak), puppy {collog.): spec, braggart,
jackanapes, upstart.

bBiit«t, V. t. & i. rally, badinage, joke,
roaat (eoUoo. or sinng), persiflate (rore),
joeh (.slang), jig (dud. or elana), chaff
(colioq.), quii, jolly (.collog.), kid (slang).

Iwptlia, V. t. christen; tpee. dip (eulUig.;
crmtextval), immerse (eontrrz/ua/),sprinkli
icoUoq.; coniexluai), rebaptize.

bmr, n. I. Spec, rod, stick, rail, bait, cross-
bar, battea, boom, tongue, came, concelli
(nj.), crow, fiferail, handspike, alicebar,
' ill, rove, croesheaa, hound, fid;

4. bank, barrier, ridge;— (oWMreeconfcxi-
val); spec, sandbar, shelf, barrage.

C. prevention, hindrance, impediment,
check, stop, conclusion (law); spec, tore-
closure, estoppel.
bkr, V. I. 1. See stop, prevent.

5. prevent, hinder, stop, check, preclude;
tpee. foreclose, exclude, oust, estop.

liBrbaulam, n. Referring lo words or lan-
guage: misuse (conlexiaal), solecism, cata-
chreaia (Uch.); spec, malapropism, Goth-
icism, Gothiam, vandalism. Gallicism,
Latinism, Grecisra, etc.
Antonymt: see cui.ture.

bkrbarlsa, v. I. savage.

barbKromii a. 1. Spec. Gothic, vandalic,
heatheoish, Hunnish.
t. See ORtTEL, ijNciviLizBn, hbatubnish,

bmra,a.l. naked, nude, exposed. bald: sp«c.
stripped, denudate, uncovered, depilated,
unhaired, barked, skinned, peeled, nap-
less, threadbare, blank, gaunt, desolate,
callow, breechlesB, plain, rampick (arcAaic

Antonyma: see covered, ci>OTHBd,

BAIRT, LEAFT.

»

KABBOn, HE AGES.

Mzis 0. 1. 1. denude, deaudate, divest; spec,
UDshefithe, bark, skin, shave, disrase (ar-
cAoic), eicpoae, disclose, uncover, strip, peel,
depilate.
AtUonyms: see cover.
t. See BIP08E, mscwsB.
']b«rBloot, a. unshod, diecalceate (chiefly
" ' un», friars, etc.), diaooloed (ecd.).

bareheaded, a. Spec, uncovered, toil-
bargain, 1. i. I. Spec, haegic, higgle,
stickle, treat, negotiaf*, dicker (U.S.),
chop (063. or rare), chaffer, cheap (arcAaic);

see BARTBR.

». See CONTRACT.

bark, n. rind (chiefly tech. or literary), skin,
peel; spec, cortex, liber, cork, tan, dita,
cambium, hat.

baik, u, {. skin, peel, denude, debark (rare),
decorticate.

bark, n. cry (contextuc^, yap (coUoq,), yelp
(coUog. or spec.), latration {literary); spec.
bay, quest.

barii, V. i. speak, cry (eonlexiual), latrate
(very rare), yap (colloq.), yelp (coUoq. or
spec.]; spec, guest, bay.

barkinB, a. latrant (lUerary).

barraoks, n. pi. lodgings (pi.), qiuutera
(pi.); spec, bullpen (cant).

barren, a. 1. sterile, fruitless (rare as refer-
ring to animals), unproductive, unfruit-

ual), heartless, naked, neuter, acarpous,
infructuose (rare), desert, unfructuoua
(rore), farrow.

Aidonyms: see fruitpui^ ltdcuriant.
9. unproductive, dead, jejune (literary),
otiose (literary), fruitless;

Anlonyma:

barricade, n. fence, obstruction, barrier,
bar; — aU. four contextual.

barrier, n. obstruction (eoniextwd), fence
(chiefly spec.), bar (primarily spec.); spec
hedge, chain, boom, rope, bank, entangle-
ment, wall, stockade, fencing (coHectijie),
gate, barrage, barrage (French; mil,),
traverse (rare); see barricade,

barter, v. I. i/h i. bargain, exchange, trade,
swap or swop (adlog., U. S.; or died.),
truck, chop (rare or obs.).

baie, a. 1. See low, lowlt, iLLEomuATE,
INFERIOR (in quality), flebelan.
). Ignoble, infamous, vile, mean, low,
cheap, miscreant (literary), turpitudinous
(ritre), illilieral (literary), vulgar (rare or
archaic), sordid; spec, abject, groveUnK,
menial, villain (rare), villein (AmIO, slavisH,
beggarly, servile, soulless, basebom; tee

buaqoe: ritravaaant, irreeutar.
burkffB; bar. obelade.
buitoada: obtirud.

CIj:, BASS.

t. In IM seme <ff "chief ingredient":

ground, basis, basement {tech.; chiefiy

spec.).

t. In botany, toology, eU.: foot, fundus

((ecft,), bottom; spec, butt; see stalk.

bfti«, V. I. 1. rest (eoidextiud) , found,
ground {orig. Bpee.), put (coniexCual), bot-
tom; spec, build.

%. In a secondary sense: found, grouod,
rest, predicate {U. S.).

baienaia, n. igaommy, meanneBa, infamy,
turpitude, etc. Cf. babe, a., »,

bktblul. a. shy, retiring, diffident, shrink-
ing, timid, Btr&ngc, sEamefaced, shtuntv
fast (archaic), coy, reserved, chary (rare),
boggle (dial, or coUog.), modest; spec.
sheepish, blushful. "Coy" (wkichiee) does
not imply anything as lo the disposition,
bul re/ers merely to the outward acta.
Antonyms: we asbured, bold, impudent,

baahfolnesB, n. shyness, diffidence, coy-

Antonyms: see assurance, conceit.
b*>U, n. I. See base, bottom, season.

•.foundation,^und, groundwork, funda-
mental, principle, premise comer stone
(fig.), keystone (fig.).

bkiket, n. skep (load, Eng.): spec, scuttle,
seedlip, tap, tapnet, crate, calanthua
(arclmol.), frail, baaa, bassinet, canister
(a Latinism or Grceism), pannier, corbeil,
buck, moll, creel, gabion, nacelle, flasket,
flat, prickle, pad, corf, canaster, hanaper
{historical), hamper.

bkii, a. low, deep, heavy, base (obsoles~
cent), basso (Ittdian), grave (rare); spec.

Antonyms: see shrill.
>*u, n, base (obeolescent); spec, thorough-
base, drone, barvtone, bourdon.

bkitmrd. n. by-blow or bye-blow (arctic),
love child, wnoreson (late or archaic), il-
legitimate (formal or legal), misfortune
iScijt. & dial. Eng.), come-by-chance (eol'
log.); spec, nephew (euphemiaiic), niece
(euphetnietic) ,

bftth, n. 1. immersion, dipping; spec, tub-
pedilavium, doucne (French), dip

9, suFTusion, circumfusion, embathing I
(lUerary). '

t. wash, lotion; «pee. dip.
t. lavatory, laver (literary or rhetoric
spec, tub, demibath, hamroam or hum-
mum (Turkish), sudatory, sudatorium
(Latin), therm (archaic), therms (pi.;
Latin), sit2 bath, vaporarium (Latin),
caldarium (Latin).

bathe, P. t. I. immerse, dip, bath (alwtw§
literal), embathe (literary); spec, tub,
embrocate, foment; see wash.
9, sufTuse, circumfuse, embathe (literary).
1. bash, beek (Scot.).

battleship, n. Spec, predreadnought,
dreadnou^t, superdreadnought, liner.

bawd, n. pimp, procurer, whoremaster
(law), pander, procuress, pandereas (rare);
spec, bawdstrot (obs.), oroker (obs.), ca-
det, maquereau (French), mackerel (ar^

bawdiy, n. 1. pandering, pimping, pro-
curation, pandensm; spec, proxenetiam.
S. See OBscB.vixr.

be, p. i. I. exist, consist (archaic), stand,
lie, subsist, remain, go (as in "as thing*
go"); spec, coexist, postexist (rore), pro-
exist (rare), occur, lurk, rank.

S. See CONTINUE, OCCUR, CONSTITOTB.
beadle, n. constable, bluecoat or bluebot- ]

tie (nickname); spec, bedell or poker

(Univ. slang, Eng.).
beak, n. I. Referring to a bird: bill, nib,

S. Referring lo an insect: snout, rostrum ,

(tech.), nose; spec, proboscis. '

■. Referring to a vessel's prom: rostrum,

beakhead.

4. projection (coniextual) ; spec, noiile,

nose, horn, umbo (tech.).

beaiD, n. 1. timber, raft (aTd\aic or spec.),
balk; s;iec. batten, scantling, truss, tie,
trcvis (iScoi.), chevron {rore), girder, raft-
er, joiBt; see POIJ:.
i. See WIDTH, qunj., rat.

beanlike, a. fabaceous (tech.).

bean-ehaped, a. fabiform (tech.).

bear, v. t. I. See bupfort, keep (in mind),

ENTERTAIN, ENDURE, SUFFER, TRANSPORT,

« Notee of firplmnatloii.

BECOMINO

{ckUfly of animala, eap, sheep), teem (ohs,
or archaic), cast (esp, prematurely; chiefly
of animals); spec, spawn (contemptiums)^
diild (obs.), farrow, abort.
bear, v. i. 1. travail (of women only), teem
{archaic), labor {of women only; archaic),
parturiate {rare); spec, litter, vean. ean
(068.) • cub, pig, pup, farrow, calve, fawn,
kitten, foal, whelp, twin, spawn {con-
iem^uaus).

9. See RELATE, APPLY.

bear, n. 1. Bruin {used as a proper name);
spec, grizzly, cub, whelp.
9. As applied to a person: rudesby {or-
chaic), crab {rare), cur (contemptuous;
contextual).

S. See SPECULATOR.

beard, n. 1. Spec, whiskers {pi.), Charley
or CharUe {coUoq. or slang), goatee, im-
perial, Vandyke, Bumsides (pi.), Gallo-
ways {pi.).
9. awn, arista {tech.).

bearded, a. 1. hairy (contextual), whisk-
ered, barbate {rare).
Antonyms: see bald.
S. Spec, awned, barbate, barbed, pogo-
niate {tech.), glochidiate {tech.).

beardiesa, a. smooth-iaoed; spec, shaven,
unfledged (fig.).

bearing, n. 1. See endurance, position,

RELATION, TRANSPORTATION, BEHAVIOR,
CARRIAGE.

S. base, support, rest: spec, journal,
plate, step, coak, cock, brass, babbit,
tread, trunnion, seating, gudgeon, yoke,
saddle, tassel or torse, templet, hntel,
headstock, tailstock; see bushing.
S. In heraldry: charge, devise; spec.weU,
rest, goutte (French), trestle, trivet, trav-
erse, trefoil, tressure. weare, gore, wedge,
ferrule, virule, woolpack, flasque, fusil,
yard; seeAHua,

beast, n. 1. See animal.
%. As a term of contemvtiums opprobrium:
spec, brute, dog, cur, nog, swme, hound.

beastlike, a. theriomorphic {rare), bes-
tial, beastly {rare)^ brutish, brutal (rare),
theroid {rare), ferine {rare), feral {learned).

beastly, a. 1. See beastlike.
S. coarse {corUextual) , abominable (con-
textual), vile; svec. swinish, hoggish, pig-
gish boarish, nlthy, gluttonous, greedy;

see INDECENT.

Antonyms: see refined, gentlebianlt,

LADYLIKE, CHASTE.

beat, V. t. 1. pound, clapperclaw (archaic or
dial.), contund (humorous or affected), be-
labor (intensive), thump (coUoq.), thwack,
whack, pommel or pummel, welt (colloq.

or slang) , fan (slang) , lam (colloq. or vulgar) ;
spec. mill, bepommel or bepummel (inten^
sive), drub, tattoo, whale, hammer, bandv,
mallet (archaic), malleate (rare), scuteh,
flail, flog, lap, beetle, drum, fuU, batter;

see RAM, THRASH.

Antonyms: see cherish, caress.
S. Referring to making a foam or the like
of: whip, null, churn (Jig. or spec.), switeh.
S. Referring to games, contests, etc.: de-
feat (esp. in a game); spec, gammon,
whitewash (colloq.), skunk (vulgar sLana),
blank, goose-egg (slang), distance, lurch.

4. See NONPLUS, surpass, DEFEAT.

beat, n. 1. See blow, pulsation, circuit,

TACK, FLAP, SPONGER.

S. defeat; spec, whitewash (coUoq.),

skunk (vulgar slang), blank, etc.

S. In newspaper cant: scoop.
beatification, n. felicitation (rare), mac-

arization (rare).
beatified, a. blessed.
beatify, v. t. heaven (rare), bless, felicitate

(rare), imparadise (rare), macarize (rare);

see PLEASE, GLADDEN.

Antonyms: see curse.
beatitude, n. blessing; spec, macarism
(rare).

Antonyms: see curse.
beautiful, a. lovely, lovesome (archaic),
beauteous (literary and chiefly poetic),
bright, lustrous (fig.), splendent; spec.
pretty, dainty, sweet.
Antonyms: see ugly, abominable.
beautify, v. t. become (contextiud), adorn,
grace; spec, prettify; see ornament.
Antonyms: see deface.
beauty, n. 1. loveliness, lovelihead (rare),
formosity (archaic), pulchritude (rare),
lustre; spec, glory, prettiness (beauty
wUhoui dignity).
Antonyms: see ugliness, deformity.
S. belle, fair lady, fair one; spec, bellibone
(obs.).

Antonyms: see hag.

because, conj. since, inasmuch as, as,

forwhy (archaic), long or along (archaic

or dial.), forasmuch as (archaic or formal).

becloud, V. t. cloud, darken, obscure; spec.

fog.

become, v. t. 1. befit, fit, suit, beseem.
Antonyms: see misbecome.

5. See GRACE, BEAUTIFY.

become, v. i. grow, turn, go, fall, drop,
wax (archaic or literary), come, get; —
mostly idiomates.

becoming, a. 1. befitting, fitting, fit, suit-
able, worthy, good, well-becommg, seem-
ly, meet, gaimy (rare), graceful (chiefly

Cross references: sec Note.
b— ris h; rauqh.
beetiflo: glad.

beau: dandy ^ lover.
beaTcr: viaor.
becalm: calm, detain.

beok: brook.
beok: how, gesture.
beokon: gesture.

K^" See Notes of Explanation.
85

tpee.), beseemly (rare), decorous;

PROPBIATE, PROPEH.

Antonyms:

S. beautifying, feat (orcAatc or dial.).

beoomlngness, n. fitness, suitability,
comeliness, grace (chiefly spec.); spec, ap-
propriateness, propriety.

bed, n. 1. couch, lair (rare, exc. (^ heaxta),
doss (slang or cant), berth (ehiejiy spec,),
bunk (eoUog. or upec). roost (slang); gocc,
litter, crib, cot, cradle, trundle, truckle,
maUress, pallet, hammock, shakedown.

S. See BEDSTEAD, LAYER, BOTTOU, PIECE.

bedi V. t. 1. lodge, lair (rare, exc. of beaula),
bunk (eolUiq. or spec.); spec, cradle, litter.
a. See REST.

bedooTCT, n. Spec, quilt, bedquiit, cov-
erlet, coverlid (rare), counterpane, com-
forter (coOoq., U. S.). bedspread (U. S.),
spread (f. S.), comfortable (U. S.), pall
(oTCliaic), rezai (Angki-lTuiian), palam-
pore, duvet (French).

beddlne. n. Spec, bedclothes, litter, lit-
tering, lairage (rare), brancard.

badroom, n. bedchamber or chamber
(formal or pretentioui), bower (archaic),
cubicle (esp. one of a series in an Eng.
school dormitory), cubiculum (joeose); spec.
ruelle (French).

b«d«tead, B. Spec, cot, charpoy (Anglo-
Indian), bed (ciMoq. or cant).

badUcfc, n. tick, case, cover (conlexlual) .

faeel, n. The animal: bovine, neat (rare);
tpec. bull, cow, treemartin, ox, steer,
heifer, muley or muUey, bullock, bossy,
roan, taurine (rare), bu£Fala, bison, au-
rochs, caraboo, gayal, gaur, zebu, za-
mouse. yak, musk-ox, urus, anoa, sapiu-
tan, Kerry, Durham, Jersey, ele.

beetaive, n. hive, apiary (lech.), alveary
(obe., exc. as figuratively ■used of varioue
old dictionaries), bike (Scot, or dial.); tpee.

b«eli«eptnc, n. apiculture.

beetle, n. coleopter (tech.), clock (Eng.);
spec, scarab, dung beetle, dorbeetle, June
beetle, etc.

belool, V. I. I. See deceive.
t,iig(elangoTcolloq.),ixiape{slangoTdial.)

balore, adv. I. See forward.
». earlier, sooner, antecedently, previ-
ously, already, beforehand, heretofore,
bitherto, be foretime (archaic), erenow
{literary or archaic).
Avlonyma: see afterwards, now.

before, prep. 1. ere i
dial.), or {archaic m
Antimyms: see after.
S. coram {Latin; for "in presence of'},

beEt V. I. I. See ask.

2. raendicate (rare); spec, quest (R. C.
Ch.), cadge (dial, or sla/tg).
Anlonyms: see give, reject.

ben, u. i. 1. See aek.
%. mendicate (rare), mump (cant; obs.),
cadge, cant (literary), quest (R. C. Ch.).

beget, r. I. parent (rarf), raise (rare), gender
(archaic), engender (archaic or learned),
get (now only of animals), ingender (rare),
father, procreate (rare).
Antonyms: «ee kill.

begetter, n. author (in "author of on^s b6-
"'0")i generator, procreator.

besettliiK. n. progeniture, procreation,
generation, getting (archaic), get {chiefly
ca,it).

becckr, n. pauper {cor^xtval), mendicant
(learned or tech.; esp. of artain ecctesia»-
lics), mumper (slang), thigger (Scot.),
clapperdudgeon(arcAotc), canter(arcAaic),'
spec, fakir, jockey (historical), bluegown
(Scot.), gangrcl (archaic), vagabond, gab-
erlunzie (Scat.), achnorrer (Jewith), dy-
vour (Scot.; obsolescejit) , dervish, dandy,
roundsman, beadsman (Eng.).
Antonyms: see rich febson.

besclns, n. 1, beggary, mendicity (rare),
mendicancy, mendication (rare).

a. See ASKING.

beBElng, a. 1. See ahking.
a. mendicant (learned or tech.), canting
(rare), cadging.

begin, V. I. commence, start, gin (archaic),
originnle, initiate, broach (chiefly spec),
inchoate (learned); spec, attack, institute,
raiae, introduce, reintroduce, recom- '
mence, open, inaugurate, auspicate,
handsel (Hng.).
Antomjina: see end, finish, compi-etb.

begin, V. i. commence, gin (archaic), pro-
ceed, start, enter, open; spec. exordiH)

Antonyms: see end.
beginning, n. 1, commencement, start,
outs tart, outset, inauguration, opening,
institution, inchoation (learned), inchoacy
(rare), inception, incipience, incipiency,
initiation, initiative, ingress (archmc), on-
set; spec, gambit, origination, attack.

Anlonyms: see end, finish, catastro-

BBLLT

1. The place of beginning: 8;>ec. threshold,
outset, tee, origin.
S. See ARISING.

4. Spec, rudiment, forefront, front, em-
bryo, outstart, outset, prime, proem
{learned), prelude, incunabula (pL; liter-
ary), morning (fig,), dawn (fig.), protasis
{learned).

Antonyms: see cobipletion, end, out-
come.

beginning, a. commencing, inauguratory,
initiative, initiatory, inceptive, initial, in-
cipient; spec, nascent. The word '^begin-
ning** is unusual as an adjective.

iMSuile* V. t. 1. See deceive, cheat, di-
vert.

9. In the sense of "to while away**:
shorten.

beluivey V. t. As a reflexive verb: conduct,
demean (^is is the correct use of ^'demean"),
bear, comport, deport, carry, quit (ar-
chaic), acquit (archaic); spec, misbehave,
misconduct, misdemean. **Behave'* is
often v^ed as implying good behavior.

beliavioT, n. conduct, demeanor, bearing,
comportment, deportment, carriage, ac-
quittance, manners (pi.), action, sem-
blance (rare), goings (pi.; coUoq.), conver-
sation (archaic), havior (archaic), quit-
tance (archaic). Cf. air.

belieady v. t. decapitate, head (archaic),
neck (dial.), decollate (learned); spec.
guillotine, caboche.

behold, inierj. ecce (Latin), lo, la (dial.).

beinc a. existing, existent, extant, beent
{metaphysics), subsistent, subsisting;
spec, constituted. *^ Being** is rare as an
adjective.
Antonyms: see nonexistent.

beine»n. existence, entity, subsistence ; spec.
life, essence, quid (learned), hypaxis (rare;
tech.), existent (rare), ens, automaton.
Antonyms: see nonexistence.

belfry, n. tower (contextual), companile,
docher (rare).

belie, V. t. Spec, defame, misrepresent,
contradict.

belief, n. 1. Referring to the mental action,
condition, habit, etc.: credit, faith, accept-
ance, credence, reception (chiefly Bib.),
thinking (contextiud), fay (archaic); spec.
supposition, trust.

Antonyms: see unbeubf, doubt, skep-
ticism.

3. Referring to what is believed as a matter
of faith: tenet, persuasion, creed; spec.
supposition, profession, superstition,
mumpsimus (contemptumts or humorous),
tradition, misbeUef.
S. See CONVICTION, opinion, creed.

believable, a. credible; spec, supposable.
Antonyms: see unbelievable.

believe, v. t. 1. trust, credit, swallow
(chiefly coUoq. or slang), accept, receive
(chiefly Bib.), accredit (an erroneous use);
spec, feel, suppose, fancy, misbeUeve, guess.
Antonyms: see disbelieve, doxtbt.
S. iSee consider.

believe, v. i. trust.
Antonyms: see doubt.

believer, n. truster, accepter, receiver:
spec. Christian, faithful (a collective; used
wUh 'Hhe**).
Antonyms: see unbeliever, heretic.

believing, a. credulous (chiefly spec.), cred-
itive (rare), credent (rare); spec, trustful,
confiding, fond, easy (colloq.), supersti-
tious.

Antonyms: see unbelieving, doubtful,
skeptical.

believingness, n. credulousness (chiefly
spec), creduUty (chiefly sj)ec.), trustfu(>
ness; spec, fondness, easiness (coUoq.),
superstition.

belittle, v. t. 1. overshadow (fig.), minish
(rare), beggar, minimize; spec, dwarf.
Antonyms: see exagoerate.
S. See disparage.

bell, n. 1. Spec, sanctus bell, grelot, gong,
dingdon^ (literary or colloq.), jingle, pa-
vilion, tintinnabulum (bookish or tech.),
tinkler (slang), tocsin, chimes (pi.).
S. sound (contextual), stroke; spec, toll,
knell, jingle.

S. See BUBBLE, TIME, HOUR.

bellow, n., t;. t. & v. i. 1. crv (contextual),

bell (esp. of deer), roar, low (ofkine), blare

(rare).

S. See SHOUT.
bellowing, a. mugient (rare), lowing (of

kine), roaring.
bell -shaped, a. campanulate, campanu"

lar, campanulous, campaniform; — (ulfouf

tech. or literary.

Cross references: see Note.
begone: away.
berime: tou.
iMgradge: envy, grrudge.
b e ^u ltommt: deception, cheat,

dtvereion.
behelf: eide, benefit-
V. %.: act.
iMt: biaaing.

1: hind, remaining, late,
alow.
behind: buUocke.

behold, r. t.: see.
beholden: indebted.
beholder: spectator.
behoof: benefit.
behoove, behove, o. t: benefit.
behoYefttl: beneficial, odoan-
tageotts.
bejewel: ornament.
belabor: beat, ply.
belated: delayed.
belay: fasten.
beloh: erupt, eject.

beldam, beldame: grand-
mother, hag.

beleacner: surround.

belike: probably, per hope.

bell, V. «.: fiare.

bell, V. A n.: beUow.

belle: beauty.

belles-lettree: literature.

belliooee: pugnaeioue.

beUicerent: fighting, vtoHike,
combative.

belly, V. %.: bag.

XS' See Notee of Explanation.
37

pertaining

aocesaory or (leas usiuii) Bcceasary.
beloved, n. dear, idol; see love.
below, adv. li prep. 1. In the tense of "lovKr

than": beneath, neath or 'neath (poetic).
Antonunm: tee above.

In the aense of "directly heUno": tee

CMD£K.
belt, n. band; spec, girdle, girth, bandoleer.
bench, n. I. seat (fotifczfuoi), settle; tpec.

bend. v. t. I. strain (oTchaic, ere. qf the
bow), draw, stretch (a bow).
9. crook, fles {ncieniific), ply (rare), turn
(chiefly iinth "over." "out/^ •'in." etc.);
Kliec, epring, strain, crank, deform, cir-
cumflex, denex, buckle, warp, bate, dou-
ble, geniculate (rare), hook, knee, elbow;

8. See SUBDUE, arnAiK, TnRN, apply,

DIRECT.

bend, n. 1. flexure (tech.), flection or
(Brilith or spec.) fiexion (cMefiy referring
to the act or action; tech.), turn (conUxt-
lud), crook, bent (rare); spec, warp,
b'lckte, sag, crank, crankle, book, knee,
elbow, scarp.
a. See turn, btoop, droop.

bending, n. flection, flexure, crooking; spec,
circumflexion. genuflexion, reclination.

beaedlot, n. benedick {allnding to Bene-
dick in Shakeapeare'a "Much Ada about
Nothing"), neogamist (rare), newlywed
(Klaitg).
Anianymt: tee celibatb.

benefkotlon, n. 1. Ijenefit (rare), benefi-
cence, kindness, favor.
Anlonymt: tee INJURT.
*. See GIFT.

beaeikotor, n. bcnefiter (rare); spec.
patron, Mtecenas (jig.; lilerary), giver.
Anionyms; see sponobr.

benellee, n. Eccl.: Uving; spec, parsonage,
sinecure, vicarage, rectory, mensal, pre-
bend, provostry, commandery, curacy.

beneSoent, a. I. Referring to persons;
benefic (rare), beneficial (obs.); tee kind,

XINDLT.

Antonyms: see evil-doing.

t. Referring to things: see BEtranaAL.
beneflolal, n. advanta^oua, helpful, good,
beneficent, behooveful or behoveful (ar-
chaic), gainful (rare); spec, serviceable,
bonitarian or bonitary; see curative,

REUEDIAL, aEALTHFUL.

AntonyTns: see injurious, barmful,

beneScUry, n. Spec, usufructuary, pre- m
bendary, prebend (rare), chargeant (ran I
or Sail.), chfti^ee (rare), donee, grante*^ I
impropriator, impropriatrix. incumbent.

benefit, n. I. avail (only in of avati" and

. behalf of"), behoof (now chiefly legal
or literary), good.

i. ^ood, gain, profit, advantage, service,
avail, boot (orcAoic, exc. in "to boot"),
benefaction, commodity (orcAaie), better-
ment (rare), behoof (tioui chiefly legal or
literary); spec, bespeak (actor's canf),
easement.
Anlonyjns: tee mjUHT, baru.

benefit, ». t. advantage, profit, help, serve,
avail, behoove, behove, good (obt.), boot
(archaic or literary), skill (arehaic; used
only impersonally tmth "it" at ths tiJ)jeei),
Aritonyms: see injure,

benefit, v. i. profit, gain; — v/ilh the imper-

benevolent, a. 1. charitable (referring esp,
to almsgiving), caritatLve (rare); tpee.
philanthropic or philanthropical.
Antonyms: tee ualevolent.

bont, a. 1. flexed (tech.), crooked, uneven

(conlezt-uat); tpee. inSexed, reflexed, in-
fractous, geniculato; *ee ctirvbd.
Antonymt: see btraigbt.

1. See DETERMINED.

bequeath, v. I. 1, bequeathe (a variant),
will, give (eonlexluai), leave, dt^vise (usu-
ally of real estate). "" "" " "

I

>. See TRAN8PER, OIVB.

bequest, n. l.wilhng (rare). devise, devisal.
9. devise, gift (conte^ual); tpec. legacy,
fidcicommissum. The same diitinetion
holds betioeen "bequest" and "devise" as
AoWs between "bequeath" and "devite."

bereave, B. t. depri\'e; spec, orphan, widow
{chiefly in p. p. or fig.).

ra-Cf«jn^(r(-K.,i«Nolc.

iMniga-.kind.kindtv.gfnOe.mild.

barlh: aHcAorope, bed, pon'Iion.

aj^rt'.s—'"'-"

b«it»a: blt,.ins.

ssr.';.."*™.

bunean: a&uii.

tauHm, .. 1.; bccm..

bemlre: mmUu.

iMDnmb: ™itmb.' dill. ' ituvtfv.

b«nlrt: ««AJi,

""'5*. A'li^.'S^iti^S^

bmamb^d, a.: numb, mun-

bnhnw: »rK.

beneatbi bdov-, u^er.

nWt, daU,

bHlde, pr^.! by.

banta: tcoU.

bMtd.. „.: abtmut.

b«m: l«Ji«, .d«.

b«ld«: aJ.o.

10 Notei of Biptuutlan.

BIO

V. t, 1. invest, encompass, set
iddefly with "oirf"; obs.), beset (rare),
siege (rare), gird (Jilerary); spec, block-
ade.

S. see A88AIL.

liMt, n. choice, flower, cream, prime.

pi<^; spec, 61ite (French).
bestow, V, t. 1. See place, deal.

S. confer (as attention, pains), show (toith

"to"), send (u^i^A "to"), pay, give (cori-

lezfuoj), spend.

Antonyms: see take.

t. confer; spec, lavish, heap, place (an

order, etc,). Cf, give.
besteldine, a, astraddle, astride, a-cock-

hoiae (rare or spec.),
b«tray, v, t. 1. blow (sUma; rare), bewray

(archaic) t sell (now usually understood as

spec,); spec, knife (slang or cant, U, S.).

1. See DISCLOSE, tattle, seduce.
iMtrayal* n. 1. betrayment (rare), prodi-

tion (rare).

1. See DISCLOSURE, seduction.
betrayer, n. Simon (who betrayed the Tro-

'ans; fig.), Judas (who betrayed Jesus;

fig.); <ee TRAITOR.
betroth, V. t. contract (corUextuaJ), affiance

(Jormal), espouse (literary or archaic), affy

(o&«.), en^ge, bind (contextual), promise

(contextuM); spec, handfast (hist.).
botrotluil, n. contract (contextiud), af-
fiance (formal), espousal (literary or ar-
chaic), engagement, promise (contextiud);

spec, hanoiast (hist.), subarrhation (hist.).
betrothed, a. engaged, affianced (formal).
betrothed, n. fiane.'e (fern.; French), fi-

ancS (masc; French), affianced (rare or

formal), intended.
better, a. 1. superior, gooder (illiterate),

preferable; spec, choicer, safer, wiser, etc.
Antonyms: see worse.

S. See IMPROVED.
bettemess, n. superiority, meliority (rare),

preferableness.
betty, n. molly, peggy, moppet, cotquean

{archaic), moUycot {aial. Eng.), henhussy.
between, prep, atween (archaic), betwixt

(archaic and chiefly poetic), atwixt (ar"

chaic); spec, midway (rare, exc. as adv.).
Antonyms: see about, adv. & prep.
beTerage, n. drink, potion (chiefly med.),

potation (rhetorical), drinkable (coUoq.;

chiefly in pi.).

bewildered, a. confused, dazed (qf. con-
fuse, daze).

bewitch, t;. t. 1. witch, charm, enchant,
spellbind, spell, glamour (rare), trance
(rare), ensorceli (rare); spec, voodoo,
sirenize (rare), overlook.
Antonyms: see disenchant.
8. See captivate.

bewitched, a. charmed, enchanted, spell-
bound, etc. Cf. BEWITCH.

bewitchery, n. 1. In a sense implying a
spell cast over one: witchery^ oewitch-
ment, enchantment, captivation (rare),
spell, charm, glamour, fascination (cbs,
or hist.); spec, sorcery.
S. See BEWITCHMENT (referring to the
power or faculty), magic (referring to the
art or practice), captivation.

bewitching, a. 1. witching, enchanting,
Sircean (fig.).
8. See captivating.

bewitchment, n. 1. See bewitchert,
captivation.

S. Referring to the power or faculty: be-
witchery (rare), witchery, enchantment,
fascination (obs. or hist.), charm, glamour.

beyond, prep. Spec, yond (obs. or dial.),
past, excee(ung, farther, without, outside,
above, after.

biannual, a. semiannual, biyearly (rare),

bid, V. t. 1. See offer, invite.
S. tell, direct, instruct, enjoin, command,
order, call (now chiefly spec.), charge;
spec, adjure, conjure, enjoin.
Antonyms: see forbid.

bidding* n. direction, instruction, injunc-
tion, enjoinment (rare), order, dictate,
charge, command, commandment (rare
of the ad), behest .(literary), mandate,
biddance (rare), prescription, jussion
(rare), imperation (rare), wora (conteoct-
ual), ordinance (rare or spec.), mandatum,
mandment (law), voice, best (archaic);
spec, imperative, decree, warrant, fiat,
commission, countermand, precept, writ.
Antonyms: see forbiddance.

bier, n. feretory (rare), hearse or (now rare)
herse (archaic or eccL); spec, catafalque.

bis, a. 1. bulky, voluminous, bumper (crop,
etc.; coUoq.), hulking or bulky (coUoq^,
whacking (coUoq.), large, decuman (very
large; literary), magnitudinous (rare),
mighty (rhetorical), gross, mickle (oT'

Crou r^erenus: see Note.

tifuar.
lat: Uaeken. [tify.

intoxicate, tlupefy, »iul'
r: «pa(.
engage, order, indi-
cate, addresa.
bMVflnkle: tpot. [ual.

" ~ : animal, beaetlike, aena-
rquae, excite,
atraddle.

bestride: mount, atraddle, ride.
bet: wager.
betide: happen, befall.
betimes: early, immediately.
betoken: aignify, indicate.
better, v. t.: improve, aurpaaa.
bery: flock, company.
bewail: mourn.
beware: avoid.
bewilder: confuae, atupefy.
besel: edge.

bias, n.: alant, tenency, preju'

dice, partiality, inclination.
bias, V. t.: prejudice, incline
biased: partial, prejudiced.
bibulous: drinking, abaorbeni.
bicker: quarrel, diapute, murmur.
bid: offer, invitation.
biddable: obedient.
bidding, a.: commanding.
bide: await, withatand, endure.
bifurcate: forked.

t^' See Notes of EzpUnatloni

39

BIG THING

I

ehaic), tall (.darm, U. S.). great; spec.
stout, thick; see UABSirm, utsas, IM-
UENSIi.
Anionj/ma: see small, slender.

1. See IMPORTANT, PKBTBNTIOIIB, SWOL-
LEN.

blK tUnK ("/ <"^y kind), bouncer (cot-
log.), whopper (colloq.), strapper (coUog.),
swinger (colloq.).
ArUonj/mi: lee particle.

bUl, V. t. Spec, invoice.

billow, n. wave (eonlexiuoD, undulation
{learned or Uch.; confexiW), swell, aurge.

billow, c. t. wave {cotdextjud), Bwetl, uniiu-
\a\jz {etmtextual).

billowy, a. wavy {amlezluat), undulating
{leartied or lech.; cotiUxtual), rolling,
e urging, swelling.

bin, n. box (aintexlual); spec, pocket,
kench ([/. iS.), bunker, hold, crib, hutch.

bind, u. t. t. hold (amlextval), truss, con-
fine {amiextual); gpee. tie, vinculate
(rare), wattle, bend, lash (ehiejiy naut.),
ligature, ligate, enchain, fillet, ferrule,
terrel, pinion, trusa, garter, fetter, enfet-
ter (rare), frap, taaciate (rare), braid,
band, chain, enchain (rare or lUerary),
bond, cord, rope, wire, reeve, sheaf,
thong, withe, hoop, gyve, pin, bandage,
lace, enlace (rare), entangle, interlace
(.dtiefiyfin-), muzzle, swathe.
ATUonyma: see loose.
1. stick, iam, jamb (rare); spec, squeeze.
I. Spec, braid, tape.

4. obligate, hold, obliae {chiefly law), en-
gage, restrict {chiefly law), aatrict (rare);
spec, bond, mortgaee, pledge, sacrament,
indenture, pin {with "to"), indebt (rore),
swear, hypothecat*.

Anionyms: see free.

5. See ATTACH, bobder, r&btrain, fast-
en, CONSTIPATE.

bind, V. i. stick, jam, jamb (rare), hold
(ecmUscluai); spec, squeeze.

blndlnt, a. I. See astringent.
1. obligatory, obligative (rare), obliging
(rare), imperative, imperious (rare); spec.
mandatory, incumbent.
Antoni/mt: see invalid.

binding, n. 1. holding, confining, confine-
ment, tying, religation (rare), ligation
(rore or lec^ned); spec, bandaging, liga-
ture, deligation (rare).
9. See BAND.

t. obligation, conimittal, obligement
(rare), engagement. "Binding" ia rtire.

See ATTACHMENT, KESTaUNT.
bird, n. fowl (rare, eie. spec, or as a Colr
leclive); spec, fledgling or fledgeling,
squeaker, cnirper. dicky (ealloq.), dicky-
u.-j _ dickcy-bird {colloq.), cockyolly

biidhouie, n. aviary; epee. columbarium,
columbary, dovecote.

birdlike, a. volucrine (rors), avian (tech.);
epec. ornithomorphic (rare), ornithoid
[rare).

bixth, n. 1. nativity (iiferorjf or eed.), nas-
cency (rare or Jig.), nataUty (rore); spec.
cast, helerogenesis, litter.
Antonyms: see death.

B. See OFFSPRING, PRODUCT, DESCENT,

birthmark, n. nievus (chiefly spec.; tech.);
spec, strawberry, tumor, mole.

bluult, n. Spec, cracker (U. S.), hard-
tack, ship biscuit, cracknel, rusk, pretiel
{U. S.). '^

bisMit, V. I. halve, hemiaect (rare), middle

biahop, n. prelate, pontifex (rare), pontiff
(historical or spec.), primate, preaiil (rare);
spec, metropolitjui, patriarcn, pope, ex-
arch, diocesan, archbishop, chorepisco-
Sjus {hist.), Buffraaan, episcopacy (o col-
sclive; mth "the").

blshoprio, n. I. See diocese.
t. biahophood, bishopry, lawn (fig.),
primacy, prelateship, prelacy, prelnturc,
episcopacy, episcopate; guec. exarchate.

bitch, n. dog (conleiliuu), slut, lady
(can; or euphemistic); spec, brach,
brachet.

bita, V, I, t. fang (rare); spec, nibble, nip,
gnaw, gnash, scrunch, champ, chop, sav-
age, anap, tooth (rare), woriy. Moat of
these synonyms are aiso used absolutely or
intraiusilimy.

X. See CUT, WOCTND, CORRODE. PAIN,

bite, n. Spec, nibble, crunch, scrunch,

nip, champ, anap, gnash.
bltlnci a. 1. mordant (rare), mordacious

(lear,^).

*. See ACHiD, STiMULATtNa, j

t3r Cnsi HftriHca: ih Ndit.

blCWl(: jwr.onae".

blUat, n.: letter, poaUian.

bit: mnraol. jmrtidt. M

e NotM Of EipUnkUon.

BLEND

a. 1. dark, jet, pitchy, jetty, piceous
(rare), coaly, nigrous (rare), Cimmerian
(fig.; Uterary), sooty, atramentous (rare),
swart (chiefly spec.), inky, sable, atra-
mentaoeous (UUrary).
Antonyms: see white.

S. See DEFBESSING, MALEVOLENT, WICK-
KD, OUTBAGEOUS. THBEATENING.

blauskbrnU, n. pill (slang), pip (coUoq, or
sUmg).

blacken, v, t. 1. black, nigrify (rare); spec.
Boot, ink, besoot (intensive), besmutch
(intensive), besmut (intensive), cork, be-
grime (intensive), charcoal, blackwash,
ebonize.
Antonyms: see whiten.

S. See STAIN, SX7LLT.

UjMikeiiedy a. blacked; spec, inked,
corked, smutty, etc.

bladder, n. Spec, vesica, vesicle, cyst,
sac, gall, sound.

Uaddery* a. bladderform (rare); also, (aU
Uxh. or learned), vesiculose, vesiculous,
cystic, vesicular, vesiculiform.

bladev n. 1. fiat; spec, spoon, vane, wash,
limb, web, languet, spear, brand (poetic
or archaic), snare, colter or coulter.
9. See cutter, feather.
S. spark, bawcock (arc/uzic), blood, dash-
er (coUoq.), galliard (archaic); spec.
Johimy (coUoq.), rake, jeunesse dor6e
(French), buck, roysterer.

blamable, a. culpable (with "of"), fault-
ful (rare), blameworthy, delinquent,
faultv, censurable; spec, vituperable
(rare); see guilty, sinful, reprehen-

BIBLE.

Antonyms: see blameless, sinless, in-
nocent.

blame, n. 1. fault, culpabiUty, blame-
worthiness, censurableness; see guilt,

SINFULNESS, REPREHENSIBILITT.

S. censure, reflection, criticism, dispraise,

mispraise (rare); see reproof, censure.
blame, v. t. censure, criticize, inculpate

(rare), dispraise (rare), mispraise (rare);

see reprove, censure.

Antonyms: see acqiht, excuse.
blameless, a. faultless, unblamable (rare),

innocent, incensurable (rare), irreproach-

able, irreprovable (rare), inculpable (rare),
irreprehensible (rare), unimpeachable;
see SINLESS, innocent, guiltless.
Antonyms: see blamable, sinfxtl, guil-
ty, REPREHENSIBLE.

blaming, n. censure, criticism, inculpation;

see REPROOF, CENSURE, ACCUSATION.

bland, a. U smooth, inirritant (rare), vel-
vety, velvet.
Antonyms: see acrid, corrosive, habsh,

PUNGENT.

S. See smooth, plausible.
blank, a. 1. See absolute, empty,

BARE, CONFUSED, UNADORNED.

S. thoughtless, vacuous, vacant, inex-
pressive, unexpressive, dull, expression-
less.
Antonyms: see expressive, thought-
ful, PLEASED, etc.

blanket, n. cover, wrap, whittle (obs. or
dial.); spec, mackinaw, shroud.

blaze, n. 1. See flame, flash, out-
burst.

2* Referring to a marking on an animal:
spec, spot (contextual), star, snip, cloud.

blazon, v. t. 1. In heraldry: emblazon.
S. See describe, depict, show.

blazonry, n. 1. See arms, show, depic-
tion, display.
S. blazoning, emblazonry, blazonment.

bleach, t;. t. whiten (contextual), blanch,
decolorize (chiefly tech.).

blear, a. !• Referring to the person: blear-
eyed, blearea, bleary, dim-eyed, dim-
sighted, sand-bUnd (archaic).
Antonyms: see bright-eyed.
S. Referring to the eyes: bleary, bleared,
cloudy, blurred, dimmed, lackluster, dull.

blear, v. t. & i. dull, blur, cloud, dim.

bleat, t;. i. & n. cry (contextual), baa, blat,
blate.

bleed, v. t. 1. blood (archaic); spec, phle-
botomize, venesect, cup, leech, deplete.

bleed, t;. i. Svec. shed, flow, ooze, drop.

bleeding, n. bloodletting; spec, phlebot-
omy, venesection.

blend, v. t. mix (contextual), mingle (con-
textual); spec, fuse, amalgamate, interfuse,
intergrade, gradate; see adulterate.
Antonyms: see separate.

Cross references: see Note.
camp.

fanUutiCt odd, un-
famUiar, extravagant.
bleb: UUtU.
Uab, blebber: tattler,
n.: rascal.
V. t.: abuse.
I: vncked, mar
UvoUnt.
blaekl^c: cheat.
bleokmell: extortion.
Mameworthy: blamable.

a whiten, bleach, pale.

tr-

ex-

blandish: cajole.
blank, 9. ^; defeat.
blare: trumpet, sound.
blaspheme: curse, abuse.
blasphemous: impious,

reverent, abusive.
blast, n.: tvind, charge,

plosion.
blast, 9. t.: blow, blight, ruin.
blasted: accursed.
blat, 9. t.; bleat, chatter.
but, 9. t.: blurt, tattle.
blatant: boisterous, clamorous
blate: bleat, chatter.

blase, 9. i.: flame, shine.
blase, 9. (.; advertise.
blaring: flaming, flashing.
blason: arms, description, de^

piction.
bleak: exposed, cold, gloomy.
blear, n.; blur.
bleary: blear.
bleb: vesicle, Imbble.
blemish, o (.; damage, impair,

suUy.
blenilsh, n.: fault, impairmerU.
blench: shirk.
blend, «. t.: unite, harmonise.

XS' See Notes of Explanation.
41

BLENDING

blendlns, a. confluent (kt
bleas, II. t, 1. See

CONGRATPLATB, PRAISE.

9. In the tense of "to uwoke the divine good
wQl or protedimt upon": sain (archaU).

Anttmipnt: see ccbsb.
Iilaiaed, a. 1. blest (a variant).

AtUonyina: tee

bl««*lnc, n. 1. benediction, beni«)n {ar-
chaic or poetic), benedicita {Latin); spec,
grace {al table).
ATttonyjita: see cnBsmo.
t. See GOOD,

bUclit, v. t. blast, nip, strike; spec, blow,
infect, wither, rust, mildew, aear, brand,
bum, bunt, choke.
AtiUmyme: aee Am, cherish, strenoth-

XN.

bliBhted, a. blasted, nipped, stricken;
spec, rusty, blown, etc.

blind, a. I. aighUess, visionlcaa, dark, un-
seeing, unperceiving, rayleas; spec, eye-
less {often fig.), moon-eyed, moon-blind,
blintUold, blindfolded, etockblind, stone-
blicd.

I. unperceiving, undisceming, uncompre-
bending, unseeing, blindfold (fig.), dark,
senseless, insapient (rare), bemghted {lit-
erary); see niBREQARnFTJL.

Antonyms: see discerning, pbophktic.
S. closed (of the end), oecal {lech.)
4. Referritig to walls etc., that hm-e no
opening through: blank.

t. See ITNiNTBLLIOlBLE, HIDDEN, ILLEQI-

bllnd, V. t. I. blear, darken, purblind,
quench {the eye; literary); apfc. equitit,
blink, exoculale {rare), excecat* (rare),
gouge, seel, hoodwink; see dazzle.
9. (brken {the mind), benight, hoodwink
(fig.), deaden.

bllndlr, adv. Spec, darkly, unseeingly,
gropingly, unperoeivingly, etc.

bUndneii, n. Spec, sightlessness, dark-
ness, senselessness, beoightedness {liter-
ary), etc.
Antonyms: see bight, inbioht.

bllBtflr, n. vesication (tech.), vesicle {lech,
or learned); spec, blain (rare), bullatioa.

bloat, V. t. inflate, swell, puff {chiefly with
"up"), distend.

Antonyma: see contract, deflate,
shrink.

bloak, n. 1. masH {eontextwd) ; spec, clog
{chiefiy Scot.), clump, scotch, brick, bri-
quette, briquet, square, die, cube, pad,

loaf, mold, nub, set, stock (rare), dado;

a. Referring to buHdinga: insula {Roman
anftV), island (rare),' sjiec. square. I

1. See BLOCKiNO, pattern, blockhead, ,

qnANTITT, DIVISION, STOP.

block, f. t. 1. obstruct, jam {rare), jamb,
choke, blockade {Jig. or spec); spec, ram,
scotch.

». See STOP, DEFEAT, SHA

blockhead, n. simpleton, dunce, stupid,
ass {conlemptxu}us), dolt, dullard, block,
stick {coUoq.), chump {coUoq. or slang),
numskull, stock {rare), dunderhead,
blunderbuss, blunderhead, clod, clodpate,
clodpoU, cod's-head {slang), buixard
(rare), chucklchead {ckiefiy dial.), coot
{Scot.), pigsconce {ctrntcmpluous; rare),
oxhead {aiUaq.), log^rhead, lunkhead
{slang, U, S ), woodenhead [colloq.),
hardhead {eollog.), booby {coUoq,), doddy-
poll {obs. or rare), cuddy {chiefly Scot.),
idiot {slang or amiemptuoua), dummy
(coUog), driveler {eontemptuotia), idiot
{contemjAuotis) , imbecile {cantemplTious),
mome (archaic), foozle {coUoq.), sapheaa

S slang, conlemjauowi), jolthead (rare),
otterel {fig.), wiseacre {ironical or sar-

Antonyms: see bchoi-ab, wisbacrb.
blocking, n. obstruction, block, jamming,

choking, choke, blockade {fig. or spec).
Uond, blonde, a. fair, light; tjiec. albino.

Antonyms: see brunet.
blood, n. 1. daret {slang), drops (pi.; by ^
lipsis); spec, gore, cruor, grume, ichor
(Oreefc myth.).

2. See SAP, FAMILT, RELATION, U,L TEM-
PER, BLADE.

blood, V. t. 1. See aLGGD.

>. bloody, engore (rare), bebleed (or-
chaic; intensive),
bloodlesi, a. I. anfemic {chiefly tned.), ex-
sanguine (rare), exsangmous (rcre), e^-

bloodihed, n. bloodletting; spec, slaugh-
ter.

bloodstaot, a. red (confezfuoO; spec, in-
flamed.

bloodthirsty, a. cannibal, bloody, tiger-
ish, sanguinary {bookish), sanguineous
(rare).
Antonyms: see gentle.

bloody, a. 1. red {contextual), sanguinary
{unusual in the literal jiense), sanguineous

r^tmai: kc Now.

BOARISH

(rare), hsBinatic (tech,), sanguine (poetic
cr rhelorioal), ensanguined (liierary);
9pec crimson (contextual), purple (con-
textual), gory, sanguinolent (chiefly med.),

TOdDLIlg*

S. See HOMICIDAL.

Uooin* n. !• See floweb (referring to a
mngle bloseom), flush, efflobescencEi

FOWDEB, PRIME.

S. R^erring to the state: flower, blossom,
anthcsis (tech.), efflorescence (tech.), flo-
resoenoe (tech, or learned), blowth (rare),
S. Flower B collectively: efflorescence
(fecA.), bloomage (rari), blossom (rare),

Uoteh, n. 1. spot, area (learned; context-
ual), patch; epec, stigma.
S. See TEsicLE.

blouse* n. Spec, smock, smock frock,
camorra (Italian), camise, garibaldi,
tunic.

M0W9 n. 1. stroke, impact, clip (coUoq!),
buffet (chiefly spec,), coup (French), snute
(chiefly rhetcrrical); spec, smite, bang, bat,
beat, bounce, ding (dial.), tnump (coU
Joq.), douse (rare), crack, clout (dial, or
vulgar), clour (Soot, or dial, Eng.), douser
(dial, or dang), punch, plug (slang),
smash (cqlloq.), d&d (chiefly dial. & Scot.),
push (chiefly dial.), lick (slang or wlgar),
welt (coUoq. or slang), whack (coUoq.),
thwack, slam, crack, wipe {slang), drub,
dump, dash, dab, dazzler (slang), double-
thonger (coUoq.), cut, clash, clap, bang,
floorer (slang or cant), dunt {chiefly Scot^,
stinger (coUoq.), swipe {colloq.), counter,
sidewinder (U. S.), kick, bastinado,
punch, left-hander, right-hander, slash,
rap, wallop (slang), plunk {slang), sock-
doioger (slang, U.S.), slug (coUoq.), whop
(colloq.) , whang (dial, or colloq.), tunk
(coUoq. or died.), bump, stamp, facer
(coUiq.), smack (colloq.), thumper (rare),
fisticuffs (pi.); see cuff, slap.
Antonyms: see caress.

S. See DISASTER.

blow, V. i. 1. Spec, bluster, flaw, whiff,
whiffle, fan, breeze {rare), storm, puff,
fuff (rare or Scot.), blast (rare or obs.).

S. See EXHALE, BOAST.

S. pant, puff, fuff {rare or Scot.).
4* Spec, toot, tootle.

blow, V, t. 1. wind (pron. wind); spec,
blast, puff, bugle, toot, tootle; see

TRUMPET.

S. See INFLATE, BLIGHT.

blow, n. 1. blowing, bluster; spec, perfla-
tion (rare or tech,), whiff, puff.
8. See WIND.

blunder, v, i, 1. err, slip, bungle, boggle
(coUoq.), foozle (dang or often cant and
spec.); spec, solecize, muff.
8. stumble, slip, flounder.

blunder, n, 1. error (contextual), slip,
bun^e, boggle (colloq,); spec, mun, bull,
solecism.
8. stumble, slip, flounder.

blunt, a, 1. dull; spec, pointless, round,
turned, dullish.

Antonyms: see sharp, pointed.
8. See DULL (mentally), insensible.
8. bluff, burly (orcAoic), abrupt, plump,
direct, outspoken, plainnspoken, flat,
brusque, round, crisp; see rough.
Antonyms: see gentle, smooth, smooth-
spoken.

blunt, t;. t. 1. dull; spec, unedge (rare),
turn, round, rebate (rare).
Antonyms: see sharpen.
8. See DULL (mentally),

blur, n. 1. See smear, stain, sullt.
8. Referring to vision: blear (rare), cloud,
dimness, indistinctness.

blurt, t;. t. utter (contextual), plump, blat
{coUoq.)^ bolt (rare),

blush, t;. i, redden, rouge (rare), ruddy
(rare), flush.
Antonyms: see pale.

blushing, a. rubescent (learned), erubes-
cent {rare), flushed, ruddy, rosy.
Antonyms: see pale.

bluster, v, i. 1. See blow.
8. bounce (rare), hector, roister, swagger,
bully, ruffle, gasconade (liierary), vapor
{liierary), swell, bravado; see rage.
Antonyms: see cringe, coax.

bluster, n. 1. See blow, wind.
8. bravado, swagger; spec, jingo, jingo-
ism, chauvinism (teamed), vaporing or
vapor (literary),

blusterer, n. swaggerer, bully, bouncer (col-
loq.), roister or {now more rmud) roisterer,
buster (slang), swasher, swash (rare), etc.

board, v. t. 1. approach (a ship).
8. enter (a train).
8. entrain (mU aboard a train).

board, n. Spec. deal, plank, panel, slab,
clapboard, gangboara.

boarding house, pension (French; chiefly
referring to a boarding house in continental
Europe).

Cross references: see Note.
bloom: flower, thrive, flush.
bloomy: flowery, thriving.
blossom, n.: flower, bloom.
blossom, V. %.: flower.
Mot, n.: spot, stain, sully.
blot, t. t.: spot, cancel, suUy,
stain, hide, dry.

blotch: spot, stain.

blowy: windy.

blowzy: red, slovenly.

blubber: cry.

blues tooklnf, n.; pedant, pre-
cisian.

blues tocklnf, a.: precious, pe-
dantic.

bluff, r. t.: deceive.
bluff, n.; pretense.
blunder, v. t.: botch, misman-
age.
blur: smear, suUy, blear,
blurred: Uear.
board, n.; tack.
boarish: swinish, beastly, cruel.

t^ See Notes of Ezplanation.
43

brag, vaunt, vapor (literary),
e), blow {dial, or colloii.).

cackle {cant or slang), bluster, flourish,
Bwaah, gasconade (Ulerary), crack (,ar-
chaic); spec, rodomontade HUerary).

bosBter, n. bragger, brag, braggart. IcK-
iphanes (rore; lUeranj), braggaoocio,
vaunter, vaporer (literary), bouncer,
cracker, fanfaron (French), mouther (con-
temptuoua), gaeconader (rare), Gascon
(literary), swaahbuckler, hector, kiUoow
(obB. or di<d.), puff (archaic), puokfist
(contemptuous}, Rodomont (literary; Jig.),
Thraso (liieraTy; fig.); spec. Scaramouch
(literary; Jig.), Tartarin (literary; Jig.).

boutfol, a. bragging, braggart, vaunts
ing, leKiphanic (rare; literary), bouncing
(rare), tongue-valiant (rare), rodomon-
tade (rare), Thraaonicnl (literary; Jig.),
Thrasonio (lilerary; Jig.), mouthy (col-
loq.}, flaunty (rare), self-glorioua (rore),
vaunty (Scot.), windy (couog. or slavig).

Antonyms: see modest.
bomitiDKi "■ bragging, braggery (rare),
braggadocio, braggartiem, cockahoop,
(rare) , vaunting , vaporing (literary) , vaun t-
ery (rare), vaporosity (rare), jactitation
(rare), vainalory, fanfaronade (literary),
rodomontade (literary), gaacoaade (liler-
ary), gloriation (rare), blow (coUoq.); see

boat, n. 1. vessel (amtextual) , bark (po-
etic); spec, sandal, Bampan^ shallop,
skimming dish (coUoq.), skin, randan,
umiak or oomiak, aharpy, rocker (chiejly

. .!, cutter, drover, curracb (Scot.
Irieh), dahabeeyab, canoe, gondola, gig,
pair-oar, cot (Irish), catque (French).
barge, coracle, bateau (chiejly Canada and
Louisiarui), scout, Bucentaur, yawl.
1. sauce boat, gravy boat.

bomtiii»ii,n. boataman. boater; spec, row-
er, sculler, barcarole (Italian), waterman,
wherry man, dandi (Anglo-Indian), keel-
man (dial. Eng. & Scot.), lighterman,
gondolier, hoveler (Eng.).

boat- shaped, a. navicular (literary or
tech.), naviform (rare), cymbiform (tech.),
scaphoid (tech.).

bodllyi a. physical (andeztwd), somatic
(tech.), corporeal, corporal, carnal, flesh-
ly, earthly; spec, unapiritual, personal.

Antonyms: see ethbrial, sPramiAi*^

bodily, adv. 1. c
poreally.

s. en maBse (French), bodaciously (diaL,M
Southern. U. S.). I

body. n. 1. corpus (now hTimorous or grv-9
lesgue), form, case (rare), clod (fig.), bulk I
(dispar(iffin(7),carcas3(co7i/emp(iiou«),hulk
(amtemptuous; chiejly spec.).
Antonyms: see mind, som^ orobt.
S. carcass (now contemptuous when used
of a human corpse), form (contextual), ca^
daver (chiefiy spec, and tedi.), lich (ar-
chaic), corpse (a human body), corse
(chiejly poetic or archaic), carrion (obs. or
'as (pi.; euphemistic); spec.
carnage (a colleetuie with

SOOT:, GH08T.

, (tech.), corporation (Au-
slanp), tone or torso (sculp-

Antonyms:

ture); spec, waist, bust,
4. Spec, (in the sense of "the Tnain part")
nave, aisle, cell or cella, hull, centrum,
enceinte (French), buck (dial., exc, U. S.,
in "buckhoard"), purview, nacelle, limou-

Aritonyms: see border, bdqb, brancb,

e. mass, form, figure, consiatence (rore);

spec, bulk, hulk, corpuscle, corpuscule,

aggregation, mobile (rare), atom, atomy,

pvgmy, mite, particle, piece, fragment,

etc.

s. corps, force, troop (chiejly spec), ax-

""" ipec.); sjMC. detach-

ittee, regiment, bat-

i, force, person,
:ngth, quantity,

:, AfiSOCtATIOH.

bogy, n. boaey, demon (contextual), spec-
ter, hobgoblin, scarecrow (Jig.), buga-
boo, boraard or boggart (rare), gobim.

boll, V. t. seethe (arehaie or literary or
a cookery term), scald; spec, wallop (rftdl.
or tech.), crce (dial.), parboil, deooot ,
(tech.), coddle, slew, poacn, elixate (tech.).
Antonyms: see freeze.
faoU, V. i. I. bubble, seethe (arehaie or lilei^ J
ary or a cookery term), ebuUiate (rare).

Antonyms: i
S. See RAOE.

bobble: jieiile,
bodfl; /orgbodt. tivnifi/.
botflac, a.: tianifianl,
body(iurd: acori. refin:

tW See Mote* vt Eipluutlon.

BOOKWORM

boil, n. seethe (rare); spec, wallop {died, or
tech.).

boiled, a. sodden (now rare).

boiler, n. Spec, caldron, copper.

boilins, n. agitation (contexiiud), bub-
bling, ebullition (learned or tech.), ebul-
lience (rare), coction (literary or affected),
gurgitation (rare); spec, elixation (rare),
decoction.

boisterous, n. noisy (contextiuil) , riotous,
roaring, robustious (rare), rumbustious
(coUoq^, clamorous, wild (contextiLol), up-
roarious, rampant, rampageous, tumult-
uous, noisy, turbulent, vociferous, bla-
tant; see ROUQH, CLAMOROUS.

Antonyms: see calm, motionless, si-
lent.

bold, a. 1. assured (formal or literary),
stout, stout-hearted, aaring, forward, au-
dacious, fearless^ dreadless (rare), intrep-
id (formal), confident, imdaunted. daunt-
less, hardy, unapprehensive (rare), nervy
(coUoq. or slang), dour (Scot.), unf earful
(rare), free, cool, impavid (rare); see

BRAVE, RECKLESS, IMPUDENT, INDECENT,
VENTURESOME .

Antonyms: see timid, afraid, fear-
ful, ANXIOUS, COWARDLY, BASHFUL,
MODEST.
S. See STEEP, BLUFF, PROJECTING.

boldness, n. stoutness, nerve (coUog.),
hardihood, audacity, daring, intrepidity,
assurance, face, etc.

Antonyms: sec timidity, fear, anxiety,
etc.

bombast, n. boasting, extravagance, rant,
stuff (contextiud) , turgescence (rare), tur-
gidity or turgidiiess (formal or literary),
tumidity (rare), rodomontade (literary),
mouthing (contemptuous), tympany
(rare), loftiness (contextual), mamiloquy
(rare), sonorousness (contextual, mag-
niloquence (less common than '^grandih-
quence*'), grandiosity, erandiloauence,
grandiloquism (rare), innation, heroics
Xl)l.; sarcastic), fustian (contem^iums) ,
highfalutin or highfaluting (colloq), flatu-
lence (rare), swellingness (rare). swoUen-
ness (rare), bombastry, lexipnanticism
(rare), pomposity, gas (slang), Johnson-
ese (fig.); spec, spread-eagleism (U. S.),
euphuism, rant.

bombastic, a. boastful, sounding, stilted,
tumid (literary or formal), turgid (literary
or formal), grandiloquent, grandiloouous
(rare), turgent (rare), pompous, pletnoric

(literary), flatulent (rare), puffed, mag-
niloquent (less usual than "grandito-
quenV), mouthing (contemptuous), oro-
tund (coniemptuous; learned), grandiose,
grand (contextual), lofty, mouthy (con-
temptuous), inflated, fustian (contemptu-
ous), magnisonant (rare), lexiphanic
(rare), hyperboUcal, heroic, extravagant,
high-flown (esp. of language), highfalutin
or highfaluting (coUoq.), high-soundine,
magmfic (chiefly derisive), tail (coUoq!),
toplofty (colloq., U. S.), Herodian (ng.;
rare), Johnsonese or Johnsonian (fig-))
Ossianic C/Zflf.), sonorous (contextuM),
swollen, pyrotechnic (learned), sounding.
Antonyms: see modest.
bond, n. 1. union (contexttud); spec, coup-
ler, coupling, couple, link, bonder, tie;

see BAND, SHACKLE.

S. nexus (learned or tech.), tie, link,
cord, union, attachment, yoke, connec-
tion.

S. See CONTRACT, SURETY.

bondage, n. serfdom, serfage or serfhood;
spec, helotry or helotism (Greek hist.),
peonage (Spanish American); see slav-
ery.
Antonyms: see freedom.

bondman, n. bondsman (masc), bond-
maid (fern.), bondwoman (fern.), serf;
spec. vHlein (hist.), carl (chs. or hist.),
vassal, helot (Greek hist.), peon (Spanish
American); see slave.
Antonyms: see freeman.

bonnet, n. cap; spec, tam-o'-shanter,
toque, sunbonnet, poke bonnet, poke.

bonus, n. gift; spec, premium, honorari-
um; see TIP.

bon Tivant. bonne vivante (French; f em.),
high liver; spec, epicure.
Antonyms: see ascetic.

bony, a. osteoid (rare), ossean (rare), os-
seous (tech.).

book, n. 1. volume, tome (literary or tech.);
spec, booklet, packet, incunable (rare),
incunabulum (rare), chapbook, folio,
quarto, octavo, duodecimo, sixteenmo,
twelvemo, etc., legend (ohs. or eccl.), mis-
cellanv. brochure, livret (dim.; French),
pamphlet, journal, blotter, ledger, codex,
treatise, nandbook compendium, canto.
«. [Cap.] Bible;— twed wUh *'the'\
S. set (contextuid), packet.

bookworm, n. student (contextual), dig,
sap, grind, bucker; — the last four slang or
colloq.

' Cross references: see Note.
bolster, n.; cushion, support.
bolster, 0. t.: cushion.
bolt,n.: arrow, lightning, pintVcU,
bolt, 0. %.: rush, run.
bolt, V. (.; atoiillow, desert.

bolt, r. t.: sift.
bomb: shell.

bombard: cannonade, pelt.
bombardier: gunner.
bonbon: sweetmeat.
bond, a.: servUe.

bonfire: fire.

bon mot: vntticism.

bonny: good-tooking, cheerful.

booby: Mockhead.

book, 0. t.: list.

bookls3&: learned, pedantic.

Xar See Notes of Explanation.

45

boom, n. arm, beam (eaiUextiuU), apar;
«p«e. jib, crane; «ee bfab.

boor, n. I. See BOBTIC.
t. vulgarian (rare), lout, clowa, clod-
hopper ((xniempluou»; eoUoq.), lubher,
churl, carl {archaic or S/xit.), carter (Jig.),
loon, barbariau (Uierary), clout {arehaic),
lobby {chiefiy dud.), cnuH (o6g. or rare);
spec. Grobian iftg.; lUerary).
AnUmyme: see oentij;man.

booilali, a. t. See rcstic.
t. vulgar, ill-marmcrcd, clovniish, loutish,
clodhoppuia [conlempluoue; colloq.), in-
urban (rare), cloddish, uplandish (rare),
churlish, ill-bred, low-bred, barbarian
(lilerary), coarse, woolen (rare), illiberal

' rory), lubberly,

ingentlemanly

AnUmifmt:

e ACCOM PUSHED,

border, n. I. bound, bordure (archaic),
verge, threshold (spec. or^Oiehirt, fringe,
hem; »-pec. ciirb.

Anlotiyms: aee iNTERtOR, BODY,
t. edge; a-pec. hem, edging, forel, sel-
vedge, dado, orphrey, orfray, pui^e,

1. frontier, coaat {archaic), borderland,
march {hi»i. in pi. atui with "the"; or
archaic), rand (o&s., dial., or spec.); spec.
outflkirt (rare), outakirta (pi-), wayside;

AnUmyms: see interior, inland.
border, P. t. I. skirt, verge (rare), rim,
fringe, line {coiUextual), bound, neighbor.
1. Mge; spec, purl, cottse, purfle, bind,

border, v. i. adjoin (contextual), neighbor,
bound, touch (eonlexiual); see abut,

bore, V. t. 1. pierce (contextual), eat (con-
textual); tpec. gimlet, drill,
t. See w-EABT.

bore, n. wave {contextual), eager {a lesa
iiswUname).

borrow, i>. t. I. get (contextual).
Antonyms: see lend.
t. See ADOPT.

boih, inter], fudge.

boiom, n. breast, bust {cap. of a tootnan), 7
boBom, a. gremial (luno orUy in "gremiat 1
pHV). '

botob, V. 1. bungle, blunder, muddle,
clamper {chiefly Sail.); spec, cobble, tin-
ker, butcher (dang), murdbT (slang); see

botohy, a. bungling.

bottle, n. container (cant); spec, vinai-
grette, vial or (mare often tech.) phial, ,
spht, siphon, boltheod, demijohn, dead- I
man {slang or coUoq.), matra-sa, marine
(slaiig), magnum, Jeroboam (literary and
humorous), carafe or carafl, carboy, cruet,
cruse (orcAate), coatrel, goatskin, tickler
{coUog.), flagon, flask, flacon, gourd, cor-
net, canteen.

bottle -BbBped, a. utrifonn (rare).

bottom, n. I. foot, base, basis (orcAatc), ,
doup {Sa?t.), root, sole; spec, keel, culet, i
cullet, bilge, heel, sump.
Antonjfms: see top, peak.
S. bed ((^ a body of mater); spec, coulee
{U. S.), cnannel, basin.
S. intervale, interval, haugh {Scot, or
dial.); spec, swale (dtal.).

i. See DEPTH, BOPPOUT, DOTTOCKa, BEAT,
ENDURANCE, DaBGS.

bottomleis, a. baseless, fathomless,

plumbless (rare).
boudob, n. cabinet (archaic), bower (liter- ,

ary).
bouKbt, a. bouEhten (chiefly eoUoq., V. S.,

or poetic), purcnaacd.
bounoer, n. whaler, whacker, whopper,

whapper, bumper, buster, smasher, sock-

dologer (U.S.);— -ail slang or calloq.
Antonyma; see dwarf.
bouod, a. I. fastened, confined, tied.

S. obliged, obhgated; spec, committed,

liege, indentured.

■. See CBBTAiN.
bound, V. i. I. See imcF.

). bounce, rebound, dap (rare), resile

(rare); spec, ricochet.
bound, n. I. iSee boundabt, bokdeb.

■. /n the pi. (bounds): territory, area,

place, compass, limit, range, reach, pale

(chiefly spec,), confine (chiefly in pi.; obs.

t^ Cms nftHKca irt Nolc

booth: Oatl.

boib' thvlitL

boom, .. <^r huR.. raoi-nd.

bootle**: Hwl™.

bottii bu-ha.

bootri plunder, priu.

boiom. .. I.; tmbract.

tSZ^.'u^io^"'^'

bBO>e. ...: corow,. ti<r^.

boom, n.! Itun, r-oonana. ad-

booi*. I. i.: drink, eorsue.

bOM. .. L: direct.

teS::: !S;a„.,..^.

ban, n..- .iKd.

bore, >. 1..- aniwv, Urt.

boM, ., (,: <™l«M. rtd.

bOOM. «.,■ ™™«, lisBor.

boi*. n..- luU. tube. salOtr.

boUT: «"dA»J.

booia, .. i..- Jrini. bofou,.

borl^ BOfUiffn.

booit. n..- m. f~"*. <id»n".

bottaw: Iro-Mi.laa.

booit, >. t! lijt. pu,h. rout,

boionchi' Stm''

KSfdu:''™"*-'

boot. •. t; iA«.

boml: iBiwrBtit

boot, n..- bflx/U, mwdv.

boot, •. r..' btniAt.

boih: nm>H7u>.

bouD». V. .-..■ iwund.

BRAID

or rare); spec, perambulation, division,
purlieu; see sphebe, scope.

bound, V, t, 1. limit, confine, demarcate
(literary or tech,), circumscribe, delimit
(chiefly literary), terminate; see confine.
1. See border.

boundary, n. !• bounder (archaic), bound-
ure (obs, or rare); spec, demarcation,
monument, landmark, term, Hermes,
Herma, herm, cairn, line.
S. limit, bound (chiefly in pi.), outline, pre-
cinct, confine, verge, buttal (oba. or tech.),
butt (obe, or rare), bourne (literary), mete
(chiefly in pi. and legal), mere (archaic),
mardi (historical or arckaic), mark (his-
torical or archaic), rubicon (fig.), term
(rare), periphery, circuit, circumference,
compass, line (contextual), dool (Scot. &
dial. Eng.), boimder (archaic); see border.

boundary, a. limitary, terminal ixare),
limital (rare), boimding, border.

boundless, a. 1. imlimited, infinite, term-
less, limitless, incomprehensible (rare),
immeasurable, unbounded, illimitable;
tpee. shoreless.

Antonyms: see ldoted, narrow.
S. See endless, inexhaustible.

bouquet, n. 1. nosegay, boughpot (ar^
chaic); spec, posy (archaic or coUoq.), but-
tonhole (coUoq.; Eng.), boutonnidre
(French), buttonhole (coUoq.).
S. See SMELL.

bow (j)ron. bo), n. 1. See curve.
S. Fiddlestick (now familiar or contemptur
ous).

bow, V. i. 1. (pron. bou) See curve, stoop,

YIELD.

S. (pron. bou) iSpec. incline, curtsy, curt-
sey, bob, beck (chiefly Scot.), nod, duck,
scrape, cap, salaam, dip (colloq.), kotow,
stoop, knee, genuflect (rare), cong4
(French), congee, lout (archaic or dial.); —
referring to a gesture of courtesy, respect, or
deference.
S. (pron. bo) bend, curve.

bow (jpron. bou), v. t. incline, bend; spec.
prostrate, nod. stoop.

bow (pron. bou), v. t. 1. See stoop, over-
come, SUBDUE.

S. Spec, incline, bend, stoop, lout (ar-
chaic or dial.; rare); — referring to a ges-
ture of courtesy, respect, or deference.

bow, n. 1. (pron. bou) Spec, obeisance,
curtsy, curtsey, bob, reverence, leg (or-
chaic or jocular), beck (chiefly Scot.), nod,
nid-nod (voUoq.), scrape, salaam, pros-
tration, obedience (archaic or dial.), con^
(French), consee, duck, inclination, dip.
S. (pron. bou) prow, stem, head, prore
(poetic), entrance (tech.), forepart; «pec.
foreship (rare), beakh^td (rare), fore-
foot, forepeak, forehold, foresheets (pi.),
hawse, luff, forecastle, gripe.

bowl, n. 1. Spec, mazer (oos. or historical),
crater (Greek antiq.). takza, jorum, Jero-
boam (humorous), bowie (Scot.), cogie
(Scot.), cap (Scot.), porringer, brimmer.
S. See HOLLOW.

bowl, V. i. 1. iSee roll.
S. glide, tool, roll; — referring to a manner
of progress, as of a carriage.

bow-legged, a. bandy-legged.

bowl- shaped, a. crateriform (tech.).

bowstring, n. string, cord, nerve (poetic).

box, V. i. fight (corUextual) , spar.

box, n. 1. case, container (com.), recepta-
cle: spec, canister, chest, cabinet, casket,
cassette (French), cassolette, canteen, cof-
fin, pyx, cofferdam, caisson, carton, car-
toucne, buist (obs. or Scot.), caddy,
drawer, kist (Scot. & dial. Eng.), shrine
(archaic), trunk, case.
S. Referring to the theater box: compart-
ment (corUextual); spec, loge (French).

S. See SEAT, SHELTER.

brace, n. bracer (rare), support (context"
ual), strengthener (contextual); spec.
clasp, buckle, band, clamp, stay, strut,
bolt, rope, chain, bracket, truss, girder,
tie, rod, rider, rib, crib, prop, shore, but-
tress, reinforce, reinforcement.

brace, v. t. 1. support, strengthen, stiffen;
svec. gird, prop, strut, tie, truss, buttress,
cnain, bracket, rib, stay, reinforce, bone,
shore, etc.

S. See STIMULATE, STRENGTHEN.

bracket, n. 1. brace (contextual); spec.

corbel, console, shoulder, cheek, modil-

Uon, gusset, cantilever.

t. See SHELF.
braid, n. plait, pleat (obs.), brede (archaic),

plaiting (a collective); spec, soutache

(French), galloon, cue, leghorn (a coUeO"

tive), Venetians (pi.), lace.

Cross referenus: see Note.
bound, a.: going.
bounteous: generotu, abun'

darU.
bonnttful: generous, cibundant.
bounty: generosity, gift, re-

tocard, subsidy.
bonm: goal.
bonme; goal.

exchange,
n.: carouse, liqwtr.
V. %.: drink, carouse.

bout: round, course, contest,

carouse.
bOTine: beef. \sion, interior.
bowel: intestine; %n pi.; eompaS'
bower: bedroom, boudoir, arbor.
bowery: shady.
bowl, r. t.: roll, serve.
bowlder: rock.
box: slap.
bo3cer: fighter.
boy: child, youth, servant.
boycott, V. t.: avoid.

boyoott, n.: conspiracy.
boyish: childish.
brmoinf: stimulating.
braoklsb: salt.
braf , n.: bocuter.
brag, V. %.: boast.
brafcmdooio: bocuting, boasitr.
braf fart, n.: bocuter.
braf fart, a.: boastful.
brarfer: boaster.
braffinf, a.: boastful.
braffinf, n.; boasHng.

XS' See Notes of Explanation.

47

t>T«ld, V. t. 1. intertwine {canlextitai) , plat,
plait, pleat (obs.), brede (oba. or archaic).
a. Smbind,

bTftla, n. 1. headpiece {fiO-)- encephalon
(tech.); spec, cerebrum, cerebelluin, hind-
brain, little brain.
I. In pi.: see vow.

brake, n. check {rare), atop; spec, clog,
convoy, block, chock, cow, drag, skid.

brakeman, n. brakesman, guard (Eng.).
" BTokeiiian" is the usual form.

branoli, n. 1. ehoot, ofFsboot, stick (con-
textiial), ramus (tecA.), rame (rare); spec,
limb, bough, twig, sprav, sprig, spire,
start, caulome, bush, phyUoclade {tech.),
ofTset, sucker, ramuiue, ramulet, fork,
rootlet; see shoot.
AnUmi/mi: «ee trunk.
9. division {context^ial) , ramification, di-
varication (ieorneii), ambranchment
{rare), fork, aiim, offshoot, offset, throw-
oB {rare): spec. st«m, loop, spur, bifurca-
tion, billahong {Australia), anabranch
{Australia); smarm.
Antonj/nu: see body.
>. Referring to a horn: fork; spec, snag,
tine, prong, speller, tray, broach, start,
bez-antler, pricker.

4. memhsT {coTilextiuU) ; sjiec. lodge, tent,
court, filiation, chapter, post, corps,
languEige,

br»ncb. a. rameous (rare), ramal (tech.).

branch, v. t. & i. t. divide, ramify, divari-
cate (leartied), offset, oiitbrancb {poeHe),
digit-ate (rare); spec, dichotomize, bush.
a. See DIVEKQE.

brancblDE, □. arborescent, ramifying;

spec, dichotomous, Hpraving:JteeBRANCHT.
brancli]', a. ramose (tech.), ramous (tech.),

branching; spec, ramulose, ramelloso.

a {learned),

.chet

a. character {eonlexlual), stii
print, stamp; spec, crop, I
wd).

*. mark, chop (in China), cac
(French); spec, label, stamp, tally.
4. Referring to goods: quality, make,
class, grade, cho]^ (in China), stamp,
brand, v. I. 1. HtigmatiKe {learned or liUr-
ary), print, stamp, mark (conlexCual);
•-■— '" -■ : of "brand"),

SJKC. bum (the ,
pitch, tiver (dial. .

hig.).

. ... mark; spec, label, taDy.
bTBve, a. 1. bold, courageous, stalwart,
daring, game (slang or cotloq.), ^amy (col-
log, or dang), dauntless, spirited, lion-
hcart«d (rhetorical), valiant, valorous, gal-
lant, doughty {literary), dour (Scot.).
stout, resolute, preux (Frenth), galllarQ
(archaic), prow (arcAatc), yeomWy (lit-
ermy); spec, manful, intrepid, manly,
chivalrous, womanly.
Antonyms: ace cowabm-t, UNCnrvAI/-

S. See EXCELLENT, SHOWY.

brmvBrr, n. boldness, courage, daring, V>li^

or. spirit, e/c.; i;f. brave.

Atilonyms: see cowardice.
bravo, inter j. exccUentl good! finel
brawling, n. 1. See uurmdrino.

t. disputation, quarreling; ef. qoarrel.
bray, n. ■£ v. i. cry (contextual), hee-baw

(onomatopoetic; coUog.).
braie, v. t. 1. brass, brazen.

S. See at

..brass; «jwc. brassy, bi

issy, braaai^^^^l
f iLne ' — r.hixlttr ^^^

braien, v. t. cheek (slang), face; — chiefiff'

brazier, n, firepan; specbrasero (Spanish),
hearth, niangal (rare), scaldino {Italian),
breaob, n. I. See m

9. opening, break, rent, rupture, disrup-
tion, ruption (rare or spec); spec, chasm,
fret, split, gap.

Refaring to personal relations: division,
rupture, ruption. split, break, schism.

breach, v. t. break, rupture, disrupt; spec,
gap.

bread, n. tommy (slang, Eng.), bread-
stuff; spec, biscuit, eulogia (hist.), pone
{Southern U. S.), manchet (archaic), muf-
fin, roll, rusk, pumpernickel, toast, simncl
(chiefly historical), showbread, brewis
{dial.), bun, crug (slang, Eng.), host,
element.

break, v. I. 1. Spec, disrupt {rare or fig.),
rupture, snap, rive, burst, smash, rend,
fragmentize (rare), stave, chip, braj
brake, erase, fritter, crash {rare), cnunt
comminute, crack, crumple, fracture,
fault, tear, cabbie, buck, rag, splinter,
nick, demolish; — "~ —

Ltarak*: fm. thicint, brmKviBod.
bramble: brier.
bruubiT: bricrii.
brandllb: meatpiT.
I^_

,: bvUyidtB-ptrado.-u,

biewl: fiant. quarrel, mi
brewn; JUnh. itreti^h.

?■

^

AnUmyms: 9ee join, unttb, ceicent,

BOIJ>ER.

S. See BREACH, DTSARRANGE, INTERRUPT,

EXCEED, RUIN, DISCHARGE, BANKRUPT,

COMMUNICATE, SUBDUE, TAME, VIOLATE,

DEGRADE.

break* v,uU part (corUexiual); spec, dis-
rupt (rare or fig.), crash (rare), burst,
crack, splinter, rend, outburst {rare); see

SHATTER, BURST.

S. Beferrina to a wave: comb, ¥rash,

crest, topple {coUoq.).

S. Referring to a fish: rise, leap, prime (rare) .

4. Referring to the voice: chiaiige, mature.

S. See FAIL, DAWN, BURST, START, CHANGE.

break, n. 1. breach; spec, disruption (rare
or fig.), break-up, rupture, crush, crash,
smash, snap, burst, debacle, rent, abra-
sion, diip; see burst.

5. incontinuity (rare); spec, opening, gap,
rent, nick, chfusm, hiatus, blank, interval,
lacuna, void, intermission, aperture, rift,
figure, drop, crack; see scrape.

S. Referring to the xixwes: spec. ¥rash,
combmg, breaking.

4. See interruption, breach, start,

CHANGE, transition, RISE.

breakable, a. frangible (learned or book-
ish); see BRITTLE.

breaker, n. 1. Spec, crusher, smasher,
brayer, cracker, etc.

5. wave (carUextual)f comber, white horse,
surge (a collective).

breakfast, n. dejeuner (French), dejune
(Scot.; archaic).

breaking, n. 1. breakage; spec, disruption
(rare or fig.), rupture (rare), ruption
(rare), fracture (chiefly spec.), fraction,
infraction (rare), fragmentation (rare),
crumblement (rare), irruption (learned or
bookish), inbreak (rare), incrash (rare),
rending, inburst (rare).

breakwater, n. Spec, mole^ framework,
groyne, jetty, pier (coUoq., U. S.).

breast, n. 1. mamma (of a female; tech.),
iTrtftTnTnilln. (of a male; tech.), bubby (dial,
or vulgar).

S. See BOSOM, courage.
S. brisket.

breastbone, n. sternum (tech.),

breastplate, n. pectoral (rare), poitrel
(archaic), plastron (hist.); spec, cuirass.

breast- shaped, a. mammillary, mammi-
form; spec, mastoid; — aU three tech,

breath, n. 1. air (contextual).
S. respiration, spiration (rare); spec.
snore, pant, puff, yawn, wheeze; see in-
halation, EXHALATION, SIGH.

S. See EXHALATION, WIND, BEST, EXKB*
CISE, MOISTURE, TRIFLE.

breathe, v. i, 1. respire; spec, pant, puff,
pump, snore, wheese; see inhale, ex-
hale, SIGH.
S. See STOP.

breathe, v, t. U respire; 9ee inhale, ex-
hale.

S. See REST, EXHALE, UTTER.

breathing, n. 1. respiration, spiration
(rare); spec, eupnoea, dyspnoea, apnoea;

see INHALATION, EXHALATION.

S. See REST, UTTERANCE, ASPIRATE.

breathless, a. 1. blown, pumped (dang or
coUoq.), exhausted (oontexiued), all in
(slang, 1/ S.).

8. iSee LIFELESS.

bred, a. reared, raised (now chiefly U, S.,
and considered improper or coUoq. as ap-
plied to persons); spec, educated.

breeches, n. pi. U knickerbockers (U, S.),
breeks (Scot.), small clothes, smalls (cti-
loq.), hose (oos, or hist.; chiefly spec.);
spec, buckskins, galUgaskins, corduroys;
— all pi,

S. /See TROXTSERS.

breeohless, a. trouserless, sansculottic
(hist.), unbreeched, pantless (mdgar),

breed, v. 1. 1. Referring to thefemcUe: grow,
create, produce, cherish, form, develop;
spec, hatch.

S. Spec, inbreed. cross, interbreed, inter-
cross, crossbreea, fancy.
S. produce, grow, engender, brew, gen-
erate (rare); — as in **to breed trouble.
Antonyms: see extingxtish.

4. raise (slock, etc.),

5. iSee CAUSE, REAR.

breed, v, i. 1. In the sense of **to bear
young": generate (rare), reproduce,
propagate.

Z, In the sense of "to be bom**: originate
(rare).

breed, n. stock, brood (chiefly coniemptur
ous as used of men); see family, race.

breeding, n. 1. stirpiculture (rare),
8. nurture, education (rare); spec, gen-
tility, gentil6sse (archaic); see POLrrs-

NESS.

breeding place. 1. Spec, loonery. hen-
nery, hawkery, gullery, heronry, natoh-
ery, beavery. hoggery, piggery, rookery.
8. rig.: hotoed.

brevity, n. 1. See shortness.

5. Referring to time: briefness, shortness,
littleness, momentariness, swiftness, tran-
siency, transience.

Antonyme: see length.

Cross references: see Note.
breakaire: breaking.
bveakdown: coUapae.
dangerouB.

break-up: decompotilicn.

break.
breast, v. t.: opvose.
brsathlncy a.: living.

breeder: author.
breese: vnndt ditiurbanee.
breesy: vnruiy, lively.
breve: tummary.

}Sr See Notes of Biplanatioiu
49

^
^

I, fie/tSTinj to gpeeeh or tarUing: Bhort-
nesH, curtness, breviioqueoce {affecUd or
kwnorous), brachylogy (rare), pauciloquy
(rare); see concibenebs.
Antonyms: see pHoLncnr.

bribe, V. t. corrupt (conUxtual), hire (eon-
lextwil), buy, suborn {lech,); spec, oil
(slang), anoint (rare; in "to anoint the
hand"), palm (slang), Bubsidiue, tip,
grease (slang), square (coUoq.),

brtbe, n. douceur (French), gratification
(euphemiilic); epec. sop, graft, grease,
baksheesh, tip.

brthery, n. corruption (contextual), subor-
nation (tech.): spec. Bubsidizing,

brtc-k-biao, n. knicknacks QA.); spec,
scrimshaw.

briok, n. Spec, clinker, clink, grizzle,
lump, cutcha (Anglo-Indian), quart,
beaoer, binder, briquette or briquet.

bclokr. a. lateritious (rejerring esp. to color;
chiefiytech.).

brtds, n. wife, Beatrice (Jig.).

btldeEroom, n. husband, groom, bene-
dict, Benedick.

biidciman, n. beat man, groomBman.

brldte, n. 1. span; spec, drawbridae, via-
duct, bateau, bridge, bascule Dridge,
Bifrost (mythal.).

*. See PLATFORM.

brldBB, V. t. & i. span, overbridge (rare).
brldsehetid, n. tete-du-pont (French).
bridle, n. 1. headgear; <pe<7. snaffle, branks
(used in punishing a scold; pi.).

%. See B£STRAINT.

bridle, V. t. bristle.

briei, a. 1. See short.
a. R^ening to time: short {note obs. or
archaic, ere. in certain phrases), transient,
little, shortr-lived, swift, momentary; see

EFREUERAl..

Antonyms:

t. Referring to speech: breviloquent
(rare), curt, curtal (nrcAotc); see concise.
Antonyms: see pboux,
brier, n. briar (a variant), bramble; spec.

blackberry, raspberry, loganberry.
brier, n, oriar (q variant), heath, brier-
briery, o. briary (a variant), brambly.
bricbt, a. 1. Spec, brilliant, effulgent, re-
fulgent, glaring, lucid (rare), splendid,
splendent, resplendent, radiant (rare),
gay, virid, aplendorous, splendrous, gor-
geous, strong (conlextuai), garish, bright-

some, li^t, lightsome, transplendent
(rare), Orient or Oriental (esp. of gems,
etc.); see lcbthoos, LDiUNotre, bhinino,

PLABHINa, GLOWmO, DAEEUNO, FLAHtNa.

Antonyms: see dark, diu.
9. Referring to eolore: spec, flaming,
flamboyant, fresh, lively, flashy, gay; se«
BHOWY. Most of the terms git/en under
sense 1 are also lued as synonymt in refer-

Antonyms: see DULL.
I. Referring to a career, course of amdud,
etc.: spec, brilliant, daKiling, illustrious,
meteoric, purple (literary), di^tinguiahed,
tamoivs.

Antonyms: see obbcitrb.

4. See CHEERFUL, CLGAK, INTGUJOENT,
AtrSPICIOUS, DlaCERNINO.

brigbten, u. 1. 1, illuminate, beshino (rare),
illume (literary or fig.), enlighten (chiefly
poetic or rhetorical), embrighten (rore),
irradiate (literary).

a. Referring to colors: raise. Uvea (colloj.),
lighten.
I. See SHINE, KNLIVEN, CHEER.

bright-eyed, a. shjning-eyed, cleai^^yed.
Antonyms: see blear, dim-eted.

briBbtneiB, n. I. Spec, brilliance, efful-
gence, refulgence, glare, lucidity (rare),
splendor or splendour, splendidness, re-
splendence, sptendrouanesa (rare), gai-
ety, strength (contextual), splendence
(rare), gorgeousneaa, glister (chiefly liter-
ary), sparkle, tranaplendency (rare), Ori-
ency (esp. of gems), glitter; see lostbb,

LUMmOSlTT, BHINE, DAZZLE.

Antonyms: see dabxnkss, diunoss, Ob-

S. Referring to colors: spec, flamboyance,
freshness, flash inesa, gay n ess, gaiety,
ahowiness. Most of the terms under sense
1 are also used of colors.

Anton]pns: jiee dullness.
1. Referring to a career, performance, etc.:
spec, brilhance, illustriouBnesB, MAt
(French), distinction, fame.

Antonyms: see OBBCDiurr.

4. See INTELLIGENCE, DISCBRNUENT.

brindled, a. narty-cotored, brinded, brin-
dle; spec, tabby.

brine, "■ '' ■- fetch, conduct (a LaHnism),
deduce (rare), have (archaic); spec, hmd,
retrieve, draw, get, reduce (rare).
Antonyms: see send, rbuove.
3. Referring to price, amount, etc.: hUih,
command, realize, encash (rare); spec, net.

xNotc.

I bridal: m.

^^^ bridle, >. t

', urii, obtlract,

brief, D. (.; abridpe.

brlfed*, ii":-- waani
bfflcmDd; deapvrado.

brlihteo:

brlmma: bvmptr.

t?- See RolM ot

BRUNT

S. reduce, throw, work; spec, reason (esp.
vrith **into" **out of" etc.), conjure, pray,
laugh, ridicule, lull, etc.

4. reflect (cw censure, doubt, etc.), throw,
cast.

S. See INDUCE, PRESENT, INTRODUCE, IN-
FUCT.

brisk, a. 1. See active, rapid, strong,

SHARP.

8. smart, perky.

briskety n. breast.

bristle, n. Spec, (tech.) seta, setula, set-
ule, vibrissa.

bristle, V. i. 1. Referring to hair or bristles:
erect {learned or tech,), stand, stare
(archaic).
8. See bridle.

bristling, a. horrid (chiefly poetic), shag-
gy, rough, horrent (chiefly poetic).

bristly, a. setaceous, strigose, strigate,
setulose, hispicL setose, scrubby (rare or
spec.), horrent (chiefly poetic), hairy (con^
texl\tat);^aU exc. ''brisUy," ''scnMy,''
hairy, and **horrent," chiefly tech.
Antonyms: see smooth.

brittle, a. weak (contexttia£), breakable
(contextiud), fragile, frail (contextiud),
brickie (dial.), oruckle (dial.), braeii
(chiefly U. S. and spec.); spec, delicate
(contextual)* short, crisp, shattery (rare),
shivery, cola-short, hot-snort ; seecRUMSLT.
Antonyms: see strong, flexible, un-
breakable.

broad, a. 1. See wide, spacious, roomt,
evident, comprehensive, xtnre-
btrained, general, liberal.

5. full (daylight).

S. pronounced (brogue, accent, etc.), Doric
(spec, or fig.; of a dialect, etc.).

broadside, adv. flatways, flatwise, side-
wise, sideways.

brogue, n. 1. shoe, brogan.

8. See MODULATION.

broU, V. t. 1. cook (contextual), grill, car-
bonado (obs. or literary); spec, frizzle,
devil, spitchcock.
8. See HEAT.

broken, a. 1. Spec, disrupt (rare or fi>g.),
burst, fractured, shattered, gapped, rup-
tured, torn, rent.
Antonyms: see intact, whole.
8. Referring to one*s health: shaken; spec.
run-down.
S. See intermittent, rough, violated.

broker, a. 1. See pawnbroker, go-be-
tween.

8. agent, middleman; spec jobber.
brokerage, n. brokage (obs., rare, or spec.);

spec, pawnbrokerage, agency (contextual),
brooch, n. dasp, ouch, fibula (antiq.),
brood, n. 1. hatch; spec, clutch, covev,

cletch or clatch (dial.), nide (chiefly Eng^,

8. See OFFSPRING, RACE, BREED.

brook, n. stream, rivulet, rindle (rare or
dial.), rill, beck (Eng.; literary or dial.),
bum (dial, or Scot.), runnel, runlet, run,
streamlet, bumie (Scot.), bourn or bourne
(chiefly local Eng. or literary) A>uin (dial,
and Scot.); spec, gill (dial,, Brtg.), nllet.

broom, n. brush (contextual), besom (now
chiefly dial, or literary); spec, wisp, pope V
head, brush, whisk, whisker, wing.

brooci- shaped, a. scopiform, fasdoular;
— both chiefly tech,

broth^ n. broo or bree (Scot.), liquor; spec,
brewis (dial,), cullis (now rare), ksie; see

SOUP.

brothel, n. bagnio (literary), bordel (obs,
or archaic), bawdyhouse. house of ill re-
pute (the usual legal term).

brother, n, 1. Spec, cadet (younger
brother),

8. See AS80CIATB, FRIAR.

brotherly, a. 1. fraternal.

8. See AFFECTIONATE.

brown, a. Spec, lurid, foxy, hazel, cheli-
donian, bay, bayard (archaic), brownish,
browny, brunneous (rare), ferruginous,
auburn, adust (rare), bronze, mahogany,
maroon, russet, snuff-colored, smoky, rus-
setish, russety, tan, sorrel, puce, tawny,
fallow, tabac, musteline, fawn.

brown, n. Spec, bistre, mummy, feuille-
morte (French), 6cru (French).

brown, v. t. embrown (emphaUc); spec, tan,
russet, scorch, toast.

bruise, v. t. 1, injure (contextual), contuse
(tech. or literary), batter, contimd (rare),
pound (rare); spec, suggilate (obs, or rare).
8. See INDENT^ crush.

bruise, n. 1. injurv (contextual), contusion
(tech. or literary), batter (rare), pound
(rare); spec, suggilation (rare or tech.),
ecchymosis, mouse (slang),

8. See INDENTATION.

bruising, a. contusive (bookish or tech.).

brunet, a. dark, brunette (less usual than
*^brunet"; chiefly fern.); spec, (tech.) mel-
anochroid, melanous, melanistic.
Antonyms: see blond.

brunet, n. brunette (fem.); spec, (tech.)
melanochroi (pi.), melanoi (pi.).

' Cross referenus: sec Note.

briny: mU.
British: English.
broaeh, n.: apit, horn.
broAoh, 0. {.; transfix, open, be-
ffin, tpill, introduce, draw, ream.
brosdoast: eccUtered.

broaden: unden, generalize,

liberalize, enlarge.
brokace: brokerage.
brood, v.: incubcUe, consider.
brook: endure.
brotherhood: association, fror

ternity, fellowship.

browbeat: bully.
brownie: fairy.
browse, n.; fodder.
browie, «. t.: graze.
bruit: report.
bnunmacem: gaudy.
brant: shock.

K3^ See Notes of ICiplanatlon.
51

brush, n. 1. Spec, pen, pencil, rigger, aable,
pope's-head, fitch, card, air Drueb.
t. See BROOM, TCFT, tail.

brusb, I), t. I. Spec, whiak; see bweef.
S. See GRAZE.

bruBhllke, a. scopifonn (tech.), muBcori-
form (lech.), bruahy (_rare).

brushwood, ri. 1. scrub, brush, bush: spec.
chaparral (U. S.), frith {Eng.), brake,
UDderbtiiEh, rice {Eng.).
%, brush; — referring to small brandies cul
up.

brutalize, v. t. Chieflj/ Jig. in sense: ani-
maliic (rare), imbrute Uiterary), brutify,
beatiahze; spec, dehumsnisee (Tare), difi-
humaniie (rare), sensualize, harden.
Anionjftits: see sefihg, sfiriixtalize.

bubble, n. 1. globule (conleitual), bell
(chiefiij Seat, or tech.), blob (dial, or col-
log.), blobber (obs. or diid.); spec, bullule,
bead, bleb, bladder,
f. RefeTTiiig to the sound: gurgje.
«, See SHOW, PAUulcr, rmrhe.

bubble, f. t. I. bell (dial., Scot., or tech.Y
efferveaoe (lilerary or l^h.; often spec.),
intumeace (lech.; o/len spec.), rise (am-
lexlnal), ebullot* or ebullial« (rare); spec.
bead, sparkle, gurgle, yaw; see boUj.
8, gurgle.

bubbling, a. effervescent (literary or lech.;
often spec.), effervescive (literary or tech.;
often spec.), ebuJLent (tech.; often spec.),
intiunescent (tech.; often spec.), fretting
(rare); spec, sparkling; see boilujo.

babbling, n, effervescence or (rare) effer-
vescency {literary or tech.; often spec.), in-
tumescence (tech.; often spec?), ebul-
lience (rare), ebullition (literary or tech.),
fret (rare).

bubbly, a. bubbliah ; spec, bladdery, bleb-
by, beady.

bucket, n. Spec, tub, scoop, kibble, Qoat,
piston, pail, blackjack.

bucUe, n. 1. clasp, fibula (antiq.); spec.
broach-

bud, n. I. sprout, shoot, gemma (tech.),
burgeon (poetic), tendron (rare); spec.
button, gcmmule, gemina, knop (archaic),
eye, bulbil, bulbet, cabbage, chit.

s. Kemma (biol.); spec, (iodl.) medus^l

meduaoid, hydra. 1

bud, V. i. 1. sprout germinate, burgeon il

(lUerary); spec, button.

t. geminate (biol.).

I. disbud; spec. chit.
buS, n. orange, yellow; spec. Isabella, j

Isabel.
buSer, n, bumper; spec, fender, dolly,

cushion.
buSer, V, I. cushion.
buBet, n. 1. cupboard, sideboard.

>. See EATING HOt^E, FOOTBTXKIL.

boSooa, n. clown (ddefly spec.), merntoj
andrew, fool, Jadc-pudaing (archaic), |
pleasant (obs), grotesque (rare), antio^ I
pickle-herring (rare), merryman (rare), 1
droU, harlequin, lany (orig. spec.; rare or 1
literary); /ipec. punch, punchinello, Scara- I
mouch, pantaloon, jester, jackpuddinft .1
pierrot. Harlequin, mimic, mummer, I
mime, mimer, archimime, Goliard ()ii»- I
torical), grarioao (Spanish). I

buSoon, V. i. droll {literary or rare), harle* |
quinade (rare), merry-andrew or merry-
andrewjze (rare). ^

buOoonery, n. farce, clownery (chiefij/ I
spec), foolery, harleqiunade, droller
(lilerary or rare), merry-andrewism (rare)
buffooniam, imnyiam {orig. spec.; rare).
spec, mimicry, mummery. Harlequinade. I
Antonyms: see dignitt.

boOtKiiilsh, a. clownish, buffoon, antic.
Antonyms: see dionitied.

buEbear, n. bug (obs, or archaic), bugaboo,
scarecrow (fig. or spec.), boggard or bog-
gart (rare); spec, fetish, mumbo-jumbo;

buggy, a. Spec, c

buUd, V. 1. 1. erect, raise, rear, edify (rare),
fabricate (rare or spec.), construct, big or I
bigg (Scot.); spec, mason, subslruct, [
superstruct, reconstruct.
Antonyms: see asate, destbot.

1. See FRAME, BASE, EBTABUBH, CON-
STRUCT, COMPOSE.

boUd, n. 1. See STRUcrcitE.

S. Referring to a person: physique, set, .

set-up (coUoq.).
builder, n. architect (chiefly spec.), erect- 1

or; spec, jerry-builder, carpenter, mason. ,
buUdiat, n. 1. Referring to the operation! I
fabric (now ecel.), edification ]

t^- Cross n/ircncci: b« Noie.

brnta, ti..- animal, biatl. fiend.

bnokat, >. 1 : ride.

Iinuh,n.; amtiii,AiiKL

badge. >, >..- moH. vuU.

bTDtlih: animal, bauUiki. un-

budg^ fl,.- ait. Pflantic.

bniiby: rBtfli.

buflj )»1M.

™m,fc.

bnll>t,>.(„- triki.figla.

bratal: ' aniW. crwl. nmgh,

iST-iJ-nt''^

tsriii:"'

buofc. .. .-,,■ Jump.

bngeboo: hwbuar.

inmntMa. smmal, rouo*, un-

buck. .<. 1.; unh6ra.

bugte: horn.

bndMt. t. (..■ dnno, di-mc*, driw.

bnOO, >. <.; rilv.

« Itotet ol Etplenatlon.

BURDEN

(txare), architecture, ooDstniction, fabri-
cation (rare or spec.).
t. Referring to what is buiU: edifice (usur
ally spec.) f erection {formal), fabric, struc-
ture, construction; spec, substructure,
8up>CTstructure, superstruction (rare), li-
brary, h^, rotunda, palace, chamber,
camera, store, mansion, coe (local; min-
ing) pavilion, cottage, hovel, factory,
garage, shelter, court, etc.; see hottse.
^^BuHding"* is commonly tised only of an
indosed structtare,

built, a. built-up, framed; spec, fabricated.

bulb, n. 1. bud (contextual); spec, bulbil,
chive, dove,
t. Spec, tuber, conn.

bulb- shaped, a. bulbiform, bulbous, bulb-
ed.

bulginc-eyed, a. goggle-eyed.

bulk, n. stall.

bulk, n. 1. See size, quantitt, body.
t. generality, body, mass, heft (coUoq.,
U. S.), most (with "f/i«"), staple, gross
(obs. or archaic); spec, majority, many.
Antonyms: see minority.

bulk, V. i. 1. swell, expand, loom; see

SWELL.

t. See WEIGH.
bull, n. bovine (contextual); spec, michy

(dangy Australia), bullock.
bullflcbter, n. toreador (Spanish; esv. a

mourUed bullfighter); spec, banderiliero

(Spanish), picador.
bull*8-eye, n. aim (contextual), center;

spec, prick (obs.), blank, white, carton

(cant).
bull- shaped, a. tauriform (tech. or

learned).
bully, n. !• intimidator, bounce (rare;

coUoq.), bouncer (rare; colloq.), hector,

hectorer, brave (archaic), tiger (slang),

bulldozer (colloq.) .
Antonyms: see fawner.

S. See blusterer.
bully, t;. t. intimidate, overbear, bounce

(rare; colloq.) y hector, huff, browbeat,

overbear, bulldoze, bullyrag; spec, bluff,

outbully, haze (U. S.).

Antonyms: see coax, cajole.
bully, V. i, 1. intimidate, hector, bounce

(coUoq.), huff (colloq.)y domineer (con-

textiud)y bulldoze.

Antonyms: see eamaE, coax.
t. See bluster.
bulwark, n. i. wall (contextual); spec
rampart, parapet, breakwater.

t. See SHELTER.

bumper, n. 1. brimmer; spec, cupful,
glassful, bowlful.

t. See BUFFER, BOUNCER.

bunch, n. 1. See protuberance.
t. duster, bob (dial, or spec.); spec, bun-
dle, fasdcie, fasdculus, hand (of bananas),
wisp, whisk; see tuft.

S. See QUANTITY, GROUP.

bunchy, a. 1. bundled, fasdculate (tech.),
fasdculated (tech.), dustery.
Antonyms: see scattered.
t. See protuberant.

buncombe, n. i. makebdieve (contextual),
daptrap (contemptuous), talk (coUoq.).

bundle, n. 1. package, pack, packet, par-
ed, truss (rare or spec.); spec, roll, fadge
or fodge (tech. or dial.), fardd (archaic),
brail, faggot, dossier (French), dufter
(Anglo-Indian), fascine, sheaf, swag (Aus-
tralia), book, peter (thieves* cant), bolt,
bavin (obs. or dial., Eng.), bottle (now
local Eng.), hand, bung (Eng.); see bunch.

t. See GROUP, QUANTITY.

bundle, V. t. U pack, packet, truss (ar-
chaic or spec.), parcel; spec, fa^ot,
hamper (rare), crate, cask, sack, pug, oag,
bale,
t. See hasten.

bungle, V. t. A i. blunder (rare), boggle
(coUoq.), butcher (ooiUoq.), tinker, foozle
(dang or often cant and spec.); spec, muff;
see BOTCH.

bunt, n. Referring to part of a flag or sail:
bag, belly, swdl.

buoy, n. float (contextual); spec, dan,
dolphin, mm, buoy, nut buoy, can buoy,
spar buoy, bell buoy, etc.

buoyant, a. 1. floaty (colloq.) .
S. Referring to the mind: resilient, dastic,
corky (coUoq.); see hopeful.
Antonyms: see hopeless, depressed.

burden, n. !• burthen (now chiefly ar-
chaic), load, weight, incubus (literary;
chiefly spec.), cumber (literary), incum-
brance or encumbrance, incumbency
(rare; literary), tax (esp. excessiue); spec,
surcharge; see load.

Cross references: see Note.
bulge, V. t.: protuberate, bag.
bulge, n.: protuberance.
bulging: protuberant.
bulkhemd: partition^ waU.
bulky: bio.
bun, n.: blunder.
bun, V. (.: raise.
buUdoie: intimidate, bully.
bullet: ball, missile.
bulletin: statement, publication.
buUyzag: bully, tease.

bulwark: protect.
bununer: loafer.
bump, V. t.: knock.
bump, n.: j^otuberanc^.
bumper: big.
bumpkin, n.: rtietic.
bumptious: »elf-assertive.
bumpy: protuberant.
bunch, V. t.: gather.
bunch, v.t.; protuberate^ gather.
bunco, V. t.: cheat.
bundle, V. %.: hasten.

bung: stopper, vent.
bungle, n.: blunder.
bungling: botchy^ awkward.
bunk, n.: bed.
bunk, V. i.: lodge.
bunker: 6m, haxard.
bunko, V. (..* cheat.
bunt, n.: blight.
bunt, V. dt n.: pueh^ butt.
buoy: flo<U.
bur: hull.
burden, n.: refrain.

f^ See Notes of Krylanatton.
53

obliEation,

*. In

cWse, weight, incumbency.

(rare); si)ec, responsibility, tax.

•. Referring to what is ineiUaUy burden-

tmne: incubus, weigbt, load, cumber (lil-

erary), cmnbnmce (rare).

bnTden, v. t. I. load, weight, cumber, en-
cumber, charge {now chiefly Jig. or naul.),
]ade (.archaic), tax (,esp. to inuden opprci-
Kfelg), saddle (orig. spec.); '

BURDEN ; — all Tised also fig.
Antcnyma: see LiaHTEN,
S. See OPPREBB, c

bardeniome, a. I- heavy, (
or learned), oppressive, weighty, i
some; — all used also fig.
ATiionyms:
a. See c

OVER-

1. cheat (of drawers); spec, tallboy, low-

buTKber, n. citizen, freei

buicla'i ft- houBebreaker, cracksman
(dang); spec, robber.

baxKlMile, f. (. burgle (Ai

biu(l>ry, n. housebreaking, effraction
(rare),- spec, robbery.

bniial, n. 1. interment, inhumation, en-
tombment (ori^. spec,), deposition (chie/ly
eccf.), sepulture (formal or literary), sepe-
lition (rare), tumulation (rare); spec, vi-
viaepultuTC (rare).
Antonyms: see DtsiNTERMENT.

a. SeeFDNERAL.

burial, a. 1. mortuary, sepulchral, eepul-
tural (rare), tombic (i
X. See

burleique, a. Spec. Hudibrastic (fig,;lHer-
ary), burlesque-heroic, mock-heroic, buf-
fo, macaronic, parodic (rare); see COMIC.

barlviquoi n. 1. Referring to a literary
composition: parody, travesty; tpec.
caricature, paratragiediai mock-heroic,
ejttravaganza, burlctta.
Antonj/ms:

biiTlasQu«, V. t. parody, travesty; spec.
caricature, buffoon, buffoonizB.

bnm, V. t, 1. consume (by fire), combust
(obi. or jocular), oxidize {chem. or context-
■aal); spec, carbonize, char, scorch, i
deflagrate, cremate, cinder (rare), ii
crate, kiln, incense, coal (rare), parch,
brand, singe, conflagrate (rare), chork
(rare), coke, broil, flame; see roast.
S, To injure by heat: spec, blister, sear,
acald, cauterise.
a. bake.

ilezlaal). t
(chern. or contextual}; spec, flame, flash, I
glow, deflagrate, flicker, smoke, smother, I
rage (contextual), conflc^irate (rare), flar^ I
fizzle, smolde

t. SeeDESiRL,

burolDKi a. 1. ardent (lit^ary), live, lir- I
ing; spec, glowing, aflame (predieativeif 1
flaming, conflugrant {tiierary or leamedi, |
flamed (rare), red, raging (contexfutUjf T

Antonyms: see
t. See ABDENT.

■. consuming, comburent (ra
caustic.

burnliiK. n. consumption (with "of'.';
textual), combustion, Are; spec. flaimnK,,!
flashing, ustion (rare), eremaeausis (rar^. I

taumt, a. Spec, charred, incinerated, lot- \
rid, parched, etc., samel oi

burr,n.ring(conJeih«jJ);*pec.rove, washer. '

bnnaw, i'. i. <Ug, work; spee. earui, mole,
gopher, mine.

buTrow, n. 1. cuniculus (tech.), excavation
{contezluai); epec. mine, earth, wormcast.
J. See LAIR.

burst, I'. (. break, bust (dial, or vxilgar), di»» j
nipt (bookish or literary; chiefly fis.), rend,
rupture; spec, shatter; see explode. 1

burst, V. i. 1. break, bust (dial, or miigar), ,
disrupt (bookish or literary; chiefly fig.),
rend, rupture; spec, inburst; see BXP1.0DB.
X, break, outburst, outbreak; spec, gush,
outblase (often fig.), effervesce, sally, flash,
explode, Qutflame: see staht.

bur it, n. 1. break, rupture, disruption
(bookish or literary; chiefly fig,), bust (dial,
or vulgar); spec, eruption; see EXfLOSloN.
t. breaking, outburat, outbreak; spec, ex-
plosion, implosion, outblaxe, gush, sally,
flash, effervescence, spurt. .

buTBtiuK, «. disruptive, rending; spec I
eruptive, erumpent (rare); see explosivb.

buiy, V. t. 1. inter, inhume, inhumate, aep-
ulcber (rare or spec.), ensepulcher (rore),
sepulture (Jomtal or lileraru); spec, en-
tomb, inearth (chiefly poelie), earth (po-
etic or rbelorical), urn, inurn, tumulate
(rare), tomb (rare), grave (archaic), mold
(rare), immure, hearse.
Antonyms: see disinter.
1. Spec, cache,
). See COVER, scbmeroe, iokorb,

GET, ABSORB.

burr, n. Spec, camp (dial,), pie, pit,

clamp, cache.
busb, n. 1. shrub, Bcrog {chiefly Scot.), lod

(archaic or dial.), •x>p(avd,); spec, bushlet.

burlml pl&ce; gran

I

BYWORD

t. iSee BRUSHWOOD.

bnshinCf n. bearing (corUexhud), coak,
bush, bouche, thimble.

bushlike, a. dumose (rare), dumetose
(rcare).

bushy, a. brushy, dumose (rare), dume-
tose (rare), scroggy (chiefly Scot.), bosky,
busky, thick (corUexttud) ; spec, snrubby,
scrubby,
t. See ROUGH.

business, n. 1. See task, work, relation,

OFFICE, TRAFFIC, INDUSTRY, ERRAND,
DUTY, CONCERN, AFFAIR.

t. occupation, employment, vocation,
avocation (camman in good writers in this
sense^ hiU as so used caxnded by many as
unfortunalely destroying the useful distinc-
tion bettoeen ** vocation'* and **avocation'*),
pursuit, calling, profession (chiefly spec.),
mystery (archaic), trade (chiefly spec.),
faculty (archaic or hist.), shop (chiefly in
**to talk shop"; coUoq.), craft (chiefly spec.)
Anlonyms: see diversion.

business, a. oommercia], industrial.

buskin, n. 1. shoe (contextual), half-boot
(contextual), cothurnus.

t. 5eC TRAGEDY.

bustle, V. i. 1. fluster, flutter, flurry, hustle
(coUoq.), rustle (coUoq., U. S.), clutter, stir.
Antonyms: see glide, sit, idle, dawdle.
t. See rustle.
bustle, n. action (contextv/d), fluster,
flurry, flutter, stir, to-do, commotion,
fuss, tumult, rustle (colloq., U. S.), hus-
tle (coUoq.).
Antonyms: see leisure, deliberation,

IDLENESS.

bustlinc* a. rushing, hurried, tumultuous,
humming, rustling (colloq., U. S.).
Antonyms: see leisurely, idle, de-
liberate.

busybody, n. meddler, quidnunc (literary;
contemptuous), pry (rare), Paul Ry (fi^g.),
numquid (rare), pragmatist (rare), prag-
matic (rare); spec, snoop; see gossip.

but, prep., adv., & conj. 1. See except.
S. however, howbeit (archaic), yet, still,
moreover, nevertheless, natheless or nath-
less (archaic), howsomever (dial, or vul-
gar), howsoever (archaic), notwithstand-
ing (emphatic).

butcher, v. t. 1. slaughter.
S. See murder, spoil, bungle, mangle.

butcherly, a. 1. camificial (learned or af-
fected).

S. See cruel.

butt, n. 1. See stock, aim, object.
t. laughing-stock, byword, make-game
(rare), target, sport, mockery, mock,
laughter (rare), joke.
S. push, bunt, thrust, buck (colloq, or

butterless, a. dry (toast).

buttery, a. butterish (rare), butyraoeous
(tech.), butyrous (rare and tech.).

buttocks, n. rump (esv. of animals), pos-
teriors (pi.), butt (couoq. cmd vulgar, exc.
spec.), behind (coUoq. or vulgar), funda-
ment (chiefly tech.), nates (pi.; tech.),
breech, bottom (colloq), seat, tail (dial, or
vulgar), stem (colloq?), doup (Scot.), po-
dex (tech.), back (contaOual); spec.
cushions (pi.).

buttony, a. knoblike, bossy, buttonlike,
umbonal (tech.), umbonate (tech.), um-
bonic (rare).

buttress, n. support (contextual), brace
(contextual); svec. flying-buttress, aro-
boutant (French), coimterpart.

buttress, V. t. support, prop, brace; — all
three conlextiud.

buy, v. t. purchase, chap (dial.), coff (ar^
chaic, Scot.), take (conUxtual; chiefly
spec.); spec, preempt, ransom, repurchase,
redeem, rebuy, discount; see bribe.
Antonyms: see sell, hire, grant.

buy, n. purchase, cheap (chs.), bargain
(now spec.).

buying, n. purchase, emption (chiefly law);
spec, preemption, redemption, coemption.
Antonyms: see bale.

by, prep. & adv. 1. near, beside, besides
(less usual than "ftesick"), to.
t. along, over, through, per (LaHn); spec.
past.

S. See AT, AFTER.

4. beside (in comparison).

5. per (Latin), with, of, forby (archaic);
spec, thereby, therewith, thereof, hereby,
herewith, etc.

by- bidder, n. straw bidder, Peter Funk
(U. S.).

bye, n. 1. See aside.
S. In games: spec, run, goal, hole.

bystander, n. Spec, spectator, witness.

byway, n. sideway (rare); spec, bypath,
byroad, sidepath, lane.

byword, n. 1. See saying, talk, nick-
name.
S. proverb (word of reproach).

Cross references: aee Note.
busklned: tragic.
bosky: bushy. ^dlesome.

bosy, a.: active, occupied, med-
busy, V. t.: occupy.
batcher, n.: slaughterer.
butohery: slaughter t slaughter'
house.

butlery: pantry.
butt: cask.

battery: pantry. [dant.

buttons: servant, page, atten-
buyable: purchasable.
bazom: plump.
boss, 0. %.: hum, ring.
buss, n.; hum, humming.

boBsard: hawk.
bygone: past.
byname: name.
bypath: bytoay.
byplay: aside.
by-product: product.
byroad: byway.
by-talk: gossip.

17* See Notes of Eiplanatlon.
55

mch),

oabiaet, n. I. room; spec, boudoir,
a, caae, alip (obs.); spec, ^tag^re {Ft
vancueno (SpanUh); see chest.

oaoha, c. (. bury, hide, etore.
CAOkle, V. i. !• Spec, clack, check, gabble,
gaggle, keckle.

>. See LAUOH, BABBLE, CHATTER.

(ia«itpboaoua,a. ill-6ounding; spec, haiah,
rauooua. "CacophoTunis" is rare, learned,
or -pedantic.

CMd, n. 1. see attxhdamt.
1. In the aenae of "a vulgar fellow": cock-
tail (slang, Eng.), anob {chiefly Erwlish).

Mdet, n. BOD {eoni^xlwal), chcv^er (hist.);
spec, duniwaesal (Scot.).

oBiurk, n. In rhetoric: break, pause,
lengthening; spec, comma.

c»te, n. aviary {eonlextual); spec. mew.

uJoIb, v. t. flatter, palaver {rare; chiefly
wUh "eKer"), wheedle, tweedle (rare), camy
or camey {dial, or colloq. Eng.), jolly (col-
log.), cog (obs. or archaic), inveigle,
blandish.
Antonymn: see bdij,y, intimiiiate,

COMPEL.

OKlole, II. I. flatter, palaver, camy or
Carney {dial, or eolhq. Eng,).

oftjolery, n. flattery, cajolement (rare),
wheedling, blandishment, palaver, jolly-
ing {coUoq.).
Antonyms: see coMPtiLBiON.

oBke, n. mass (conlexl-ual); spec, brick,
block, fioe {of ice).

OAke, V. i. bake, harden; spec, plaster,
crust, encrust.

oalntnltoiiB, n. distressing, troublesome,
miserable, unhappy, disastrous, catas-
trophic, sad.

cftbunlty, n. 1. trouble, distress, mis-
fortune, misery, unhappiness, afiiictian.
Antonyms: see happiness, pleasubb.
■. Referring to an instance of what is
cdlaniitoue: trouble, misfortune, misery,
distress, disaster, catastrophe, blow,
scourge, curse; spec, fatahty,
ATiloTtytna: gee oood.

BalonlatliiEi a. calculative, scheming,
politic, designing.
Antonyms: see artless.

calouIouB, a. gritty, stony. ,

caloulDH, n. concretion; spec, oystolith,

dacryolith, gravel, sand, gastrolitb,

crab s-eye, stone, bezoar.
calendar, n. 1. almanac, rubric (rare),

calends (pi.; rare); spec, clog {hist.), fasti

{pl.), menology, kalcndar {eccl. oar).

i. list; epec.aocket.
caiendat, v. I. press (contextual); spec. |

call, n. Referring to part of the leg;—
syns. The adjective is sural (tedi.).

calf, n. I. bovine (cotdcxtiial), offspring I
(contextval); spec, maverick (U. S.), dogie T
(Western U. S.), slink. The adjective for I
calf is vittine (tech.).

I. diameter, bore.

;, Q0AUTY.

re, graduate; spec. ]

). i

1. See' ABU
calibrate, v

call, V. t. I. See N,

BIDES, ENCORE, BVl

9. In a legal sense: summon (as frw
lower court), evoke (rore), evocate (rore). I

call, V. i. cry (contextual); spet. coo, hoot, I
shout, yell, toot, neigh, whisper, speak,
cooee or cooey {A-ustraiia).

call, n. 1. Spec, tally-ho, fanfare, ho, re- I
cheat (orcAoie), coo, coop, coooo or cooey I
{Australia), cluck, whistle, roll coll, note, T
yell, shout, whisper, tnimpet, taps, r»> |
veille. etc.; see hail, crt.
1. Spec, summons, convocation, appeal,
demand, duty, need, invitation, visit.
■. 5pcc. buzzer, bell, horn, annunciator.

oallouB, a. 1. hard, hardened, indurated;
— oil three conJeiiuoi.
I. See

oaiioDS, V. t. harden, indurate. I

calm, a. I. In a physical aente.' undiB- ]
turbed, tranquil, reposeful, smooth, so-
reno, imperturbed (rare), unperturbed
(rore), halcyon {days, etc.; poetic or eie-
valed), still, quiet, placid, peaceful, pa-
cific (rare, exc. in Pacific Ocean"), un-
rufSed, calmy {archaic and poetic), un-
troubled.
Antonj/ms: see boisterous, rouoh,

AGITATED, 8TORI4T, CLAMORODS.

I. In a mental sense: undisturbed, un-

oaUICTaphri handwrUinff.
enUow: fialhirUti, ineipuri- I

CANTANKEROUS

ruffled, quiet, tranquil, phlegmatic, sober,
cool, philosophical, compo^d. reposeful,
pacific (rare), placid, impassive, unpas-
sionate, equanimous (rare)^ marble (fig.),
marbly (fig,), imperturbable, imperturbed,
imperturbed, sedate, serene, recollected
(rare), untroubled, douce (Scot), repose-
ful, canny (Scot.); see self-controlled,

PEACEFUL, UNIM PASSIONED, UNEXCITABLE.

Antonyms: see uneasy, agitated, ex-
cited, RAGING, ECSTATIC, IRASCIBLE,
ANXIOUS, CONFUSED, CiC.

calm, n. 1. In a physical sense: tranquillity,
quiet, quietness, rest, smoothness, repose,
serenity, serene (rare), serenitude (rare),
calmness, stillness, placidity, peace,
peacefulness; spec, doldrums (pL).
Antonyms: see activity, outcry, noise,

AGITATION, etc.

S. In a mental sense: composure, repose,
equanimity (formal), temper (chiefly in
"to lose one^s temper,^* *^to keep one*s
temper," or the like), tranquillity, quiet,
calmness, composure, serenity, serenitude
(rare), serene (rare), impassiveness, so-
briety, sedateness, soberness, placidity,
reposedness (rare), poise, quietude (rare),
quietism (rare), imperturbation (rare);
spec, countenance, indisturbance (rare);

see SELF-CONTROL.

Antonyms: see activity, agitation,

COMMOTION, EXCITEMENT, ECSTASY, DIS-
TURBANCE, etc,

calm, V, t. 1. See still.
2. smooth, settle, still, soothe, sedate
(rare), quiet, tranquilize, compose, pacify,
(rare), nush, serene (rare), allay, ease
(mentally), salve (the conscience); spec, dis-
fever (rare), becalm, lull, lullaby; see cool.
Antonyms: see rouse, annoy, agitate,

EXCITE, enliven, DISTURB, IRRITATE.

calmative, a, calming, quieting, soothing,

tranquilizing, etc., quietive (rare); spec.

dulcet, balmy, lulling. "Calmative** is less

usual and more formal than "calming,"

Antonyms: see annoying, agitating,

DISTURBING, EXCITING, IRRITATING.

calming, n. subsidence.

camp, n. encampment, cantonment (mil,),

leaguer (rare or hist.); spec, bivouac,

roundabout (rare)^ douar or dowar

(Oriental), laager (So. Africa),
camp, V. i. encamp; spec, bivouac, tent,

laager (So. Africa), maroon (So, U, S,),

outepan (So. Africa),

Antonyms: see decamp.

camp, a. castrensian (rare),

campaicn* v. i. Spec, crusade, electioneer.

can, n. Spec, cup, tin (Eng.), glass.

cancel, v, t. 1. deface (contextiud), damask
(obs, or tech,, Eng.); spec, obliterate,
blot, cross, overscore (rare); see delete.

t. See ABOLISH, REVOKE, COUNTERACT.

cancellate, a. reticular, reticulate, reticu-
lated, cancellous; — all tech, or learned.

candidacy, n. candidateshlo, candidature.

candidate, n. Spec, (ecd,), confirmand,
probationer, licentiate, competent.

candidate, v. i, sit; spec, run.

candle, n. Spec, taper (obsolesc), planet
(cant), paschal, bougie (French), cierge
(French), dip, pastil.

candlestick, n. ceroferary (rare), candel-
abrum (antiq, or ecd.), chandelier (chiefly
spec); spec, sconce, tricerion, dicerion,
paschal, torchdre (French), standard,
girondole.

canine, a. doggy (rare; a weak term),
canicular (rare or phrasal); spec, houndy,
currish, houndish, doggish.

canine, n. 1. See dog.
t. tooth (contextual), cuspid, laniary (rare),

cannibal, n, man-eater, anthropophagite
(rare), anthropophagist (rare), anthro-
pophagi (pi,); spec, ogre, ogress.

cannibal, a, anthropophagous (leamed),
anthropophagic (rare), anthropophagian
(rare; humorously stiUed)^ hominivorous
(rare); spec, ogreish, ogrish, Thyestean,
(fig,), necrophagous.

cannonade, v, t, cannon (rare); spec,
bomb, bombard, shell.

cannonadlnCf n, caxmonry: spec, bom-
barding, drumfire.

cannoneer, n. artilleryman, gunner; spec.
mitrailleur (French),

cannonry, n. 1. See cai^nonading.
2, artillery, guns (pi.), cannon (a coUeo
live),

canonize, v, L saint, besaint (caniemptu"
ous),

canopy, n. cover (contextiud); spec, tester,
tilt, parasol, dome, heaven, hood, maj-
esty (hist.), pavilion, cope, ciel (French),
howdah, coverture (rare),

cant, n. 1. pretense, hypocrisy; spec, and
contemptuous snivel, wmne.
S. iSee JARGON.

cant, V, i. Spec, snivel, whine; — both con-
temptuous.

tsr Cross references: see Note.
oalumniate: defame.
olnmny; defamation.
campaign, n.; movement.
campanular; hdl-shaped
canal: channd.
canard: report.
candcnt: glowing.

candid: frank.
canker, v. (..* corrupt.
cankerous: tdcerotUt conaum*

ing.
cannon, v. i.: carom, cannonade.
canny: ahrewd, calm.
canon: valley.
canon: nde^ standard.

canonical: orthodox.
cant, V. X.: «ntoeI, whine.
cant, n..* elope, bevd, indina'

tion.
cant, V. t.: incline,
cant, V. i.: elope.
cantankerous: tU-tempered,

perveree.

IT* See Notes of Explanation.

67

okntBTi n. tittup (chiejiy dial, or humor-

oux); He OAiT.
omntflr, f. t. go (eonteilual), drive (con-

Uxtual), tittup {chiefiy dial, or humorous).
o*it**8, n. I. fabric {cmUextuaL), cloth {cmt-

lextual); spec, scrim, tarpauUn, poldavy,

burkp.

I. See PAIOTTNO, BAIL, TENT.

«ftnT«a», V. t. 1. See examine, discuss,

B. solicit, campoi^, electioneer.

o»iiT*a», f. i. solicit.

cap, n. 1. hat (contextual); apee. glengarry,
tool's-cap, chaco, coif, busby, caul (hist.),
coxcomb, biretta or beret or berret, big-
gin (Scot.), calotte, calimc (Tvrkiah), tam-
o'-flhanter, tuque, fez, pileus {antiq.),
torbooah, kepi, mortarboard, zucchetto
(Itidian), Phiygian ca.p<.lkecapofliberly).
». See TOP,

Mpkbic, a, 1. See ABLX.
I. susceptible, adinittiDg.

oapBolty, n. 1. iSee abiutt, QUAUncA-

9. Referring to capacity to bear or hold:
content, burden (naul.), retention (rare).

oaparlson, f. 1. trap, accouter (c^mtexlual).

oapatiaoned, a. barbed or borded (aaid of

oape, n. Sp«c. pelerine, bertha, Vandyke,
t^ma, tippet, cajm (lUdian), fichu
(French).

oaper, n. 1. jump (contexltud), leap (con-
lexliiol), prance, skip, gambol, capriccio
(/foiian), caracole, gambade or gambado,

a. pWi jump, antic, jape, prank, dido
(slang or couog., U. S.), conceit, trick.

oapcT. V. i. t. jump (coiUextuai) , leap (con-
textual), gambol, frisk, prance (collog.),
gambado {literary), prank (rare), skip,
^t (rare), caracol; aee prouc.
t. See PRANCE.

tmpltal, a. 1. metropolitan.

1. See FATAL, CHIEF, IMPORTANT, FtNB.

I. Referring to leUera: great (chiefly spec.);

ompitkl. n. 1. metro]x>lis, seat.

3. Spec, stock, principal.
oapltol, n. atatehouse (U.S.).
oaprloe, n. 1. whim, freak, notion, conceit,

fantasy, phantasy, fancy, humor, quip,

?uirk, vagary, crotchet, fantosticaUty
■are),whinMiicality (rare) jwhimsy, crank, ,

kink, frisk

turn, maggot (nc
(rare).

Anlontpns: see opinion, conviction.
3. See CAPRI ciousNEBS.

oaprlolona, o. whimsical, freakish, freaky,
humorsome, fanciful, fantastical, fickle,
crotchety, variable, arbitrary, changeable,
erratic, fantastic, fantast«d (rare), whim-
sy (rare), whimmy (eoUoq.), vagarious [
{rare), wayward, notional, puckish (Jig. or
»pec.), moony (co\loq.).
Antonyms: see constant.

oaprlolona u««B, n. caprice, fantasticality,
fantasy, phantasy, fantasticalness, whim- I
sicality, whimsicalness, humor, i '

Afilonyms: see constanct.

oaptaln, n. I. See chiep, coumakdi
3. In naulical usage: master, commander
{often spec.}, skipper (chie^y spec.); spec.
nakhoda {East Indian), reis or rais (Aro' I
bic), ressaldor (India), rittmaster (ro
patron (rare), patroon (rore), serang
{Anglo-Indian), coaster.

oaptloua, a. 1. catchy (calloq.), entan-
gling, sophistic, fallacious.

1. See CAVIUNQ, FAUI/mNDlNQ.

captivate, v. t. captive (archaic), enthrall,

charm,

coUoq.), infatuate; spec, sirenize; see
please.
Antonyms: see repel.

OAptiTatfld, a. infatuated, fascinated,
charmed, etc., captive.

oaptlvatlnE, a. pleasant (contextual), in-
fatuating, enchanting, charming, b^
witching, witching.
Antonyms: «ee repellent.

oftptiTitlon, n . 1. captivity (rare or drcfioic),
enthrallment, enslavement, fascination,
charm, glamour, enchantment, witchery,
bewitchment, bewitching, servitude.
3. See SLAVERY.

oapture, v. t. 1. seiie (contextual), take,

EBt {chiefly coUoq. or amiextuai), appre-
end (fearrKd), captivate (archaie), cap-
tive (archaic), catch; spec, grab (coUoq.),
arrest, collar (colloq.), prize, reduce (o
^ace), recapture, retake, in captivate
(rare), jump (checkers), castle (chess), bag
(hunting).

Antonyms: see niEE.
3. take (as a fort); spec, rush, force.

Antonyms: see stritRENDER.

H w/fff-ai: ■« N

ISF See NotM Dt

oKptun. n. 1. seizure, taking, catehing,
apprehension ileamed); spec, arrest, re-
duction, prize.
Antonymx: tee fbebinq.
X Ina concrete sense: prize, bag.

«»tiuflr, n. captor, taker, spprehender

II

»

S. Referring to railroad cors: spec, car-
riage, puUman, trolley, tram (Stiff.),
Iramcar (Er\g.), smoker ([/. S.), empty,
gondola, box, van (fififf.), sleeper,
coach, flat, goods wagon (Ertg.), caboose,

1. Referring lo a bailoon: spec, nacelle,
basket, gondola.
4. In an elevaior: trpec. cage.
M«*Tkn, n. 1. company {conUxliial) , caSla
•r kafila {Orienlal).

Spec, coaly, charry,

pliuubaginous.
oarbonla*. v, t, bum (contextu/d); spec,

char, coke.
oard, B. 1. Spec, ticket, carte-de-visite

(French), carte, rose.

1. Referring lo ptamrtg cat

(eoliog. or cant), Devil's picture books

(ois. or rare; pL); tpec. court card, ''

card, tarot (French).
OBre, n. 1. cark (archaic), solicitude, uju-

cem, concernment, oaretulnesB, reck (po-

dte), distress; ""
Aritonyma:

NEse.

I. charge, guardianahip, ward {literary or

anal), oustodj;, keep, keeping, safe-
ping, protection, trust (rare), guard-
ship (rare); spec, commendam; see ovbr-

BIGBT.

S. heed, thought, heedfulness, vigilance,
attention, caution, gingerhness, concern,
consideration, precaution, guardedness,
wariness, regard, reck (poetic), particu-
larity, nicanesfl, notice, pains (pf.), pains-

AnUmyms: see CARELBflSNiiaB, neoli-

OBNCE, IHPRDDENCE, RECKLBSeNEBS,
RASBNGSa.

t. Referring to Ihol which causes care:
reaponaibility, anxiety, ooncem; see

TBODBLE.

•MS. V. i. 1. In the sense of "lo concern
oneself": cark (archaic), reck (poelic).
I. heed, notice, consider, think (con-
textual); see ATTEHD.

oaratal, a. t. carking (archaic), solicitoiis,
solidtudinoua (rare), concerned; spec.

meticulous; see anxiodb, troubled.
"Careful" is Tiiovi archaicin this sense.
a. heedful, attentive, considerate, oon-
acientious, regardful, mindful, respective

(rare), thou^tful, close (chiefly spec.),
nice, diligent, painstaking, painful, curi-
ous (archaic), near (chiefly spec.), search*
ine, particular, precise.

Anlonijms: see neolbctfui., cnobserv-

■. cautious, precautious (rare), cautelous
(archaic), prudent, circumspect, eingerly,
leery (slang), vigilant, watchful, waiy,
chary (chiefly spec.), giuarded, safe, ahy,
guardful (rare), canny (Seal.; archaic),
circumspective (rare); spec, noncommit-
tal.

DBreleii, a. 1. unanxiouSj unconcerned,
untroubled, unapprehensive, easy, free,
blithe or bhthesome (nearly equal lo "hap-
py" in sense: lilerary), easy (rare), secure
(lUerary), cavalier, supine (chiefly spec.),
inconsiderate, incurious (archaic), worri-
leas (rare), pooo-curante (Italian), in-
(Frejtck), nonchalant; see IM-

Antonmns: see anxious.
9. heedless, inattentive, inconsiderate,

lectful, negligent, uncareful (rare), i

leas, incogitant (rare), unheedtul, i
waiy, slovenly, unguarded, cursory, c.
ual, unheedy (rare), incurious (archaic),
unobservant, inobservant, incautious, un-
careful (rare), unattentive (rorc); -spec.
offhand, rash, slack; see kbcrlebh.
Antonyms: see watchful, cahepul,

CONSCIENTIOUS, PRUDENT, VI OIL ANT.

oaTelesmeia, n. unconcern, ease, security,
nonchalance, etc. Cf. carelesb.

AnlonyTna: see CARE, consideration.
taiBHE, V. t. fondle, cherish (archaic), daut
(Scot.), coddle (chiefly udlh a suggestion of
excess), coax (archaic), pet; spec, touch,
stroke, lap, pat, kiss, bill, hug, dandle,
dander (dial. Bng.), cuddle, overfondle;

Antonyms: see beat, abuse, iij,-trij;at.
oaraii, n. fondle (rare); spec, touch,
stroke, pat, kiss, hug, dandle.
Antonyms: see blow.
careiilnc, n. fondling, dalliance (lUeriOT/),
cherishment (rare), cherishing (rare).

CAKICATTTHfi

,n {ckUJ{y
{ehiejly

oarleatare, n. I. See BTntLBSfltJE.
9. misrepreaent&tioB {conlexttud), mis-
description (chiefiy spec.), burlesque, trav-
esty, pariidy; spec, cartoon.

eaxnlfal, n. merrymakiiig, festival, revel-
ry; s-pec. Mardigraa.

oKralTorouB, a. flesh-eating, earcopha^ous
(Tare), lodphagoua (rare); spec, equivor-
ous (rare), ichthyophagous, omophagous,
necrophagous, predaceoua, cannibal.

carol, n. song, lay; ap«e. noel.

carom, n. shot {enntexlwd), cc
Eng.), carainbole {rare).

carom, v, t. rebound, can
£np.); epec. dance.

carom, v. t. Spec. bank.

oaronae, n. carousal, orgy, debauch, rack-
et (sianff), jamboree (.slang, U. S.), spree
(coUoq.), bat (slang), bout, bust or buster
(slang), rouse (archaic), fuddle (slang or
eoltog.), rantan (dang; rare), wassail (ar-
chaic), toot ($lang, t/.S.), bouse or boose or
(colloq.), booze, druiik (slang) , soak (dang) ,
tear (slang, U. S.), satumalia (pi.; some-
limes u»ed as a sing.), bacchanolia (pi.).

carouse, v. i, rant (rare), debauch, bum
(vulgar dang), drink (amiexlual), spree
(eoUoq.), bouse (rare), or boose or (coUoq.)

caTTlBKc, n. 1. See TRA^sFORUTiaN, be-

HAVIOB, VCEICI-E.

3. bearing, mien, air, jioise, port, port^
ance (archaic), behavior, conduct, de-
meanor, presence, front, gest (archaic),
personage; spec, gait, walk, run, Step,
tournvire (French), elevation, lift.

carriage house, remise (rare), hangar
(French; chiefly spec.), coach house,

catrlon, n. flesh (conlextuat); aee oftal.

oBTry, y. (, 1. See transpokt, extend, pro-
have, CONDUCT, AF-

I. Referring to news, messages, informa-
tion, etc.: communicate, transmit, bear,
take, bring, convey.

I. hold (as the liead, oneself, etc.), bear
(oneself); spec, port (mii.),
t. keep (as in stock), hold, have,
carry, v. i. Referring to o gwi, etc.: reach,

carry, n. Spec, portage.
oartllagluouB. a. gristly, chondric (rare).
oarve, v. i. 1. See cut, chisel, engrave,
HCULFTURE .

t. Referring Us carving at the laMe: out;
spec, (all obs. or rare) mince, Uft, fluBh,
{^play, disfigure, unjoint.
sase, n. I. Spec, (in grammar) genitive,
accusative, nominative, dative, ablative,
objective, vocative.
S. See exauple, state, fatibnt, I

1. receptacle (contextual), holder
(contextiiai), container (contextual; cani),
casing; spec, box, chest, cabinet, drawer,
bag, valise, sheath, scabbard, cartouche,
canister, shell, cellaret, burse, chasse
(French), shrine, pj^x, fitui (French), quiv-
er, holster, housemfe, hackle, hul«n, cof-
fer, crate, cartridge, portfoho; see cab-
inet, CASKET.

S. covering, cover; spec, sheath, skin, hull,
cocoon, shell, carpet, etc.

oaie, D. t. cover (anUexlual), incase; apee.
bag, sheathe, crate; see bos.

cash, n. money; spec, coin, chink (slang),
brass (slang), silver, gold, rowdy (slang),
dust (slang), paper.

cash, o. t. encash (rwt); spec, realize.

caak, n. receptacle (conlexlMoi) , barrel,
container (eojilexlual; cant), stand (chiefly
obs. and spec.); spec, cade, caroteel, butt,
keg, tierce, hogshead, firkin, castrel,
puncheon, pipe, tun, kilderkin.

casket, n. receptacle (conlextual), box
(contexlval), case, pyx or pj;xis {rare or
c;>ce.),' «pec reliquary, reliquaire (FrcmrA),

oast, V. t. 1, See tbrow, project, vomit,

OVERTURN, ABORT, REJECT, REUOV&,
8HBD, POT, ADD, APPOINT, PREDICT.

3. ruTi, found; spec, recast.
oaitcllan, n, governor (contextual), keeper

(contextual), chastelatn.
caster, n. 1. roller (conlextualf, trundle,

truckle (rare), wheel (contextual).

«. See BOTTLE.

oMtinr. n. founding, cast; spec run,

castrate, v. t. geld (cki^y lech, r^errvug
to the male); spec, cut, spay (the female),
emasculate (chiefly fig.), evirate (refaring
to the male; rare), steer (omofecoZ/; rare),
unman (o man), capon or caponize (a
cock), eunuchize (rare), twitch (q heosi).

I

I

oarlomtnr*, b. l.: burlesque.
oailiu: ridai.
Dsrlouil deetnnpoMd.

botiity. wiridli/i Bvngiud-

13" See Motes ot ExplanatloD.

CAUTIOUS

casualty, n. 1. See chance.
S. In pi.; mil.: losses.

cat, n. feline (tech. or learned), Baudrons
(Scottish; a proper namCy like ** Reynard"
for the fox), puss (chiefly a caU name),
pussy {chiefly a pet name), miauler {fandr
fid), grimalkin {chiefly spec.), gib (jamtlr
iar; chiefly spec.); spec, mouser, rumpy
{coUoq.), tortoiseshell, tomcat {m^jle),
tommy {male; coUoq.), tabby, kit, kitten,
bobcat, kitty (a pet name), kitling {dial.),
catling, maltese, Angora.

oatalocne, n. list; spec, didascaly, index,
sanctilogy, beadroU.

oatalocne, v, L Spec, list, index.

catastrophe, n. 1. cataclysm, convulsion;
spec, debacle, d^b^cle {French), upheaval,
paroxysm.

S. ending, d^noiiment {French).
Antonyms: 866 beginninq.

S. See CALAMITY.

catastrophic, a. !• oonvulsionarv, cata-
clysmal, cataclysmic, paroxysmal (rare).

S. See CALAMITOUS.

catch, V. t. i. take, seize, nab {slang or coU
loq.); spec, nick {slang), entoil {archaic),
land, net, mesh, dredge, lime, gill, ginnle,
hook, illagueate {rare), grin {archaic),
noose, guddle, entangle, enmesh, snap,
snare or {emvhatic) ensnare, trawl, trap
or {emphatic) entrap, drag; see seize,

CAPTURE, TRAP.

Antonyms: see free, throw.
9. attract {the attention, fancy, etc.), en-
gage, take, arrest, smite {rhetorical.), hit
{colloq.); see captivate.
S. Referring to a cold, disease, etc,: con-
tract, take, get.

4. Referring to chastisement, reproof, etc,:
receive, get.

5. get {as a (rain), make, nick {dang,
Eng.),

6. trip {in a fatdt), nick {slang., Eng.),

7. See OVERTAKE, DISCOVER, RECEIVE,
FASTEN, UNDERSTAND, PERCEIVE, HEAR,
PHOTOGRAPH.

catch, V. i. 1. seize, hold; spec, hitch.

S. See KINDLE, GASP.

catch, n. 1. seize, seizure, hold; spec grasp,
grab, snatch, etc.
Antonyms: see miss.
S. Spec, trigger, trap, detent, dick, dog,
latch, barb, nbuckle, snap, fence, pallet,
pawl.

t. Thin^ or amount caught: svee. take, net,
fare, trip, trap, draft, haul, snot, field, fly.
4. See ROUND.

oatchins, a, inoculable, contagious, com-
municable, taking {chiefly U, S.), infec-
tious; spec, pestilential, pestiferous,
noxious.

cathartic a, laxative, physic, purgative,
purging, aperient, evacuatory, eccoproc-
tic {mud; rare)^ eccritic {rare), deobstru-
ent {tech.), alviducous {rare), deoppilent
{rare or obs.), lapactic {rare).
Antonyms: «ee constipating.

cathartic n. laxative, physic, purgative,
purge, aperient, dejector {rare), eccoproc-
tic {rare), evacuant.

cathedra, n. seat, chair, throne, see {ar-
chaic).

cathedral^ n. duomo {Italian); spec, sec-
ondary.

catholic a. !• See general, liberal.
% [cap.] Short for "Roman Catholic'':
Roman, Romish {chiefly in derogation).
Popish {used only in derogation),

Oatholicizc V. t. Romanize.

cattle a. 1. In a general sense: see stock.
S. Referring to bovines: beeves {pi.), neat
{ardtnic; a collective); spec, {pi.) red-polls,
shorthorns, Lancashires, Jerseys, Hol-
steins, etc,

cattle raising: boviculture {affected),

causablc a. inducible, producible

causal, a, U Spec, creational.
S. See CAUSATIVE.

causative a. inductive, inducive (rare),
productive, causal {rare), creative {chiefly
spec.), generative.

cause V. t. produce, effect, effectuate
(rare), gar {Scot.), make, have, do {obs.),
germinate (fig. or svec.), keep {rare; equiv.
to "keep up"), incnoate {rare)^ provoke,
originate, let {archaic or phrasal), create,
generate, occasion, bre^, bring, raise,
work; spec, necessitate, bear, will, induce,
superinduce; see excite, form.
Antonyms: see prevent.

cause, n. 1. principle {tech. or literary),
origin, producer (rare), wherefore {cd-
loqT), inducement, occasion; see motive,

REASON.

Antonyms: see RESUi;r.

S. ^ee ACTION. SIDE.

caustic a. 1. Duming, escharotic {tech.);
spec, catheretic.

S. In mathematics: spec, catacaustic, dia-
caustic.

t. See ACRID, ACRIMONIOUS.

caustic n, 1. escharotic {tech.), cauter,
cautery; spec, catheretic, moxa.
S. Spec, catacaustic, diacaustic.

Cross r^erences: see Note.
oasnistry: prevarication.
oataolysm: catastrophe, up'
heavai.
cstapUsm: poultice.

cataract: waterfaU, deLvge.
catchy: attrad,ive, deceptive,
catechise, v. t.: teach, queetion.
catecorical: doffmatic.
cater: provide.

oanseleM: groundleee.
oaution, n..* vKUning, care.
caution, V. L: toam.
cautionary: toaming.
oaatlout: cantful.

IT* See Motes of Explanation.
61

oaraJry, n. soldiery (contertiuii), hnrac;
spec, uhlan; in the Briliiih Army: Yeo-
manry, Life Guards, Horse Guard.'!,
Dragoon Guards, Dragoona, Hussars,
Lancers.

caTalryman, n. soldier (coTilextuat) , horse-
man, troop, plunger {mti. dang); spec.
horse guHixl, heavy, roughrider, rciUr
{ki»t.), dragoon, ailladar (Anglo-Indian),
cuirassier, hussar, matrass (hitt., U. S.),

M*a, n, recess, cavern, den {ehiejiy spec,);

spec, grotto, grot {poetic), nyrophieuin,

Lupercai (rare; anlig,).
e»T«- dweller, n. caveman, troglodyte

{tech.).
Okve- dwelling, a. cavemicolous (rare),

troglcMiyte (tech.), speluncous (rore).
MTll, n. criticism (conlextwd), carping;

spec, wrangle.
osTll, tJ, t, except (conlext-ual), cajp, nibble,

haggle {chiefly spec), higgle (chiefly upec.),

Btickle; upee. quarrel, wrangle.
oBiTlUnt, a. critical (conl.extiuU)j captious,

hairsplitting, carping, exceptive (rare),

exceptious (rore); spec, hypercritical.
earity, n. hole, hollow; epee. hold (af a

ship), sinus (tech.), ventnculus, vacuole,

bug, well, diverticulum (tech.), pocket,

foasa or fosse, pit, depression, fossette,

druse, lacuna (tech.), crypt, cistern,

atrium, cup; see
Antimymt:

oetllDK. n. ceil (rare and poelic), roof,
plafond (^rcTicA); sjkc. cupola.

celebrate, f. t. 1. See observb, psaibb.
S. proclaim, extol, emblazon, emblaze
(rare), commemorate, sing, sound, re-
sound, laud, trumpet, royaJjze (rare), re-
nown (rare); spec, historicize, fame (rore),
sonnet (rare), hymn, concelebrate (rare),
tune, lionize, rune or rhyme, berime or
berhyme (emphatxe; often amtemptuout).
Aidonyma: see dbfbbciatb,

nelebrate, v. i. jubilate, jubilize (rare);
spec, triumph.

oelebraHon, n. I. 5ee ohbbbvance,

S. Spec, festivity, festival, triumph, ova-
tion, Euoemia (Oxford Vnia.), anniver-
sary, biennial, triennial, etc., birthday.
cmlebilty, n, 1. " -

light, luminary, lion, 1
ess, celibate (archaic);

». noUbIc, nami

lioness.
celibacy, n. singli

spec, virginity.
celibate, a. single, unmarried; ipec. virgin.
celibate, n. Spec, bachelor, maid or

maiden (obs. or legal, exe. as of iBomen),

spinster, oid maid (fern,; coUog. or con-

lemptuous),

oeU, n. 1. Spec, utricle, vacuole, theca,
spore, amisba, corpuscle, plaatid, locule,
loculus, loculainent, locellus, eye, cellule,
hienmtid, hsmad, macrocyte.
9. room (eanlexliml); spec, serdab, vault,
reclusory (rare), concameration (rare),
box (stan^).
■. See COMPARTMENT.

celled, a, eeUat«, cellated, cellulate; — aU I
these tech.

oeU'llke, a. cytoid (tech.).

cellular, a. Spec, loculose (tech.), locula- ]
men lose (lecn,; rare), loculamentous [
(tech.; rare), favose (tech.). comby (ra
honey-combed, faveolate (tech.).

cement, n. Spec, glue, lute, lime, putty,
tar, mortar, paste, solder. "Cement" is
chiefly spec.

cement, i>. i. con(;lutinate (rare), plus
{primarily spec.), stick; spec, solder, hme,
paste, ferruininale (orcAaic), mortar, be- |
late (rare), lute, putty, grout, plaster.
AnlonyT/is: see break.

cemetery, n. burial place, graveyard, gol- I
gotha (literari/), necropolis (rhetorical);
spec, polyandrium, catacomb, churchyard
(archjiic or hist.).

censer, n. thurible, incensory; spec, casso-
lette, incense boat, navicula, net (French).

oeniorlona, a. critical (contexltiot), culpa-
tory (rnre), condemnatory, reprobative,
disapprobatory (rare), renrehensive, rep-
rehensing (rare), reprehensory (rare);
»pec. vitriolic, cynic; see FAHivrFinuiNO.
Aritonyms: see approving, praibino.

oeninre, n. 1. blame, condemnation,
reproach (rore), reprehension, reprobation
(rare), objurgation (rare), reproof, hit
(coUoq.), knock (slang), criticism, stric-
ture, nip, animadversion (literary); spec.
attack, diatribe, backbite, dydogy (a
nonce word); see blame, blaming, rb-

CHANCE

S. Referring to direct criticism of a person:

see REPROOF.

oensnre, v. 1. 1. condemn, reproach, repre-
hend, reprobate, reprove (rare), hit (col-
loq.), knock (slang), tax (rare), fault
(rare), scarify (fig.), perstringe (rare),
criticize; spec, backbite, attack; see

BLAME.

Antonyms: see applaud, approve,

PRAISE, COMPUMENT.

t. Referring to direct censure of a person:

see REPROVE.

census, n. lustrum (Roman antiq.; rare),
cent, n. copper (coUoq,), penny (a loose

usage).
oentenary, a. secular; spec, centennial,

hundredal.
center, n. 1. In a physical sense: middle,

omphalos (rare; fCg. or spec.), hub (fig.),

navel (fia.); spec, nucleus, pivot, radiant.

metropous, coom (Scot.) bull's-eye.
Antonyms: see circumference, edge,

VERGE, RIM.

9. In a nonphysiecd sense: focus, hub,
heart, core, navel, pivot, hinge, kernel,
nucleus.

center, v. t. 1. centralize, concenter (rare
or spec); spec, focus,
t. See UNITE.

central, a, middle; spec, focal, nuclear,
pivotal.

century, n. 1. centennium (rare), cen-
tenary (rare).

S. See HUNDRED.

ceramics, n. pottery.

cereal, n. 1. Referring to the plant: grain,
com (chiefly spec., the particular sense
varying with the locality); spec, oat, pea,
bean.
S. See GRAIN.

cerebrate, v. i. mentalize (rare),

cerebration, n. mentalism, mentation.

ceremony, n. 1. Referring to the action or
procedure: performance, observance, rite,
function (chiefly spec), office, practise;
spec, sacrament, mummery (contemptu-
ous), ordinance (eccL), tenebrse (pi!).
9. Referring to the form: see form.

certain, a. 1. See fixed, definite, un-
avoidable, UNQUESTIONABLE, CONFI-
DENT.

2. /n a sense implying unfailing correct-
ness: sure, assured (rare), infallible.
Antonyms: see uncertain, doubtful,

HESITATING.

S. With *W and the infinitive: sure,
bound, destined.

certainty, n. 1. Spec, fixity, definiteness,
unquestionableness, etc,
S. In a sense implying unfailing correct-
ness: sureness, assurance (rare), surety,
certitude; spec, infallibility.
Antonyrns: see uncertainty, doubt.
S. Meaning a thing that is unquestionable
or inevitable: surety, cinch (slang), **Sure
thing" is chiefly slang.
Antonyms: see chance.

certificate, n. Spec, policy, scrip, deben-
ture.

chafed, a. rubbed, galled, fretted, eaten,
foxed (dial.), worn.

chaffy, a. paleaceous, paleate; — both tech.

chain, n. 1. catena (rare or tech.); spec.
painter, fob.

S. See ROW, STRING, SERIES, MOUNTAIN.

chair, n. Spec, tumbrel, rocker, roimd-
about (U. S.), throne, Cromwell chair,
curule chair, faldstool, exedra; see
cathedra.

chairman, n. president, presider; svec.
toastmaster, moderator, speaker, proloc-
utor, croupier.

chalky, a, cretaceous (literary or tech.),
cretous (rare),

challence, v, t, 1. dare, defy, stump
(coUoq.. U. S.), deraign (hist, or obs.),
brave (rare),
S. See QUESTION.

ohallence, n. 1. dare, defv (coUoq,), de-
fiance, stump (coUoq., U, S.).
t. See OBJECTION.

chamber, n. 1. See room, bedroom, com-
partment, ASSEMBLY.
9. Referring to a room for official business
or public assembly: camera (rare, tech., or
spec); spec bourse, exchange, curia, hall.
S. cavity, camera (rare or tech.); spec.
coffer, cofferdam, kistvaen, casemate, lock,
vault, cist, cell; see grave.

chambered, a. concamerated, camerate;
svec septate, locular; — aU tech,, exc.
chambered,

chambermaid, n. femme de chambre
(French),

ohampasne, n. simkin (Analo-Indian).

champion, n. 1. protector, defender; spec.
knight, knight-errant, paladin 0^^.).

9. See SUPPORTER, VICTOR.

chance, n. 1. Referring to a way of happen-
ing of events or to a fortuitous state of af-

ly Cross references: see Note.

oesilon: tranafer, relinquish'

ohallenge, v. i.: object.

eeremonUd, a,: formal.

ment.

ehtLWemgingi defiant.

oeremonlal, n,: form.

ohafe, V. t.: rub.

ehampalcn: plain, country.

oeremonious: formal.

ohafe, V. i.: rub, fret.

ohampion, v. t.: protect, eup-

oertify: (usure, authenticate.

ohafl, n.; jdeasantry, refuse.

vort.

oertltnde: eonfidencet certainty.

ohaS, V. t: banter.

oemlemn: azure.

chain, V. i.: bind, fasten.

support.

oetuitlon: «top, intermiaeion.

ohalloe: cup.

t^' See Notes of EiplanAtloii.

63

fairs: outcome, fortune, cost iohsolesctrU) ,
hazard (rare), casualty (obsoleseetU), per-
adventure {tileraryj, venture {ea-chaie)i
apee. toss-up (aiUoq.), gamble.

Antonyms: see certainty, nbcbsbitt.
a. Rejerring to a portteufor hap-penin^:
occurreucc, accident, casualty, contin-
gency, contingence, fortuity, fortune,
hap (rare), peradvcnture {lilerary); spec,
draw, chance-medley; see mibportune.

AiUimyma: see necessity.
1. Referring to chance generieally, a sense
o/len personifM: accident, hazard, hap-
hazard, contingency (rare), contingence
(rare), hap; spec, luck; see fortune.

Artlonifms: see necebbity.

cbMiee, a. accidental, coDtingent, casual,
chanceable (archaic), chanceful (archaic),
stray (fg.), bUnd, blindfold (Jig.), hap-
hazard, crrabund (rare), harum-Hcarmn
(coiloq.); see pitrposeless, aimless.
Antonyms: see cONSEguEMTiAL, jnten-

oIu»ioel,n. sanctuary, bema (ecd.;antiq.).

cbandaller, n. 1. candlestick.
1. pendant (contextual); apte. gaselier,
electrolier, corona, pendant (rare), crown.

a. variation, alteration, traosition,
tation. variance, turning, turn (chiefly
coUoq.), transmutatinn, passage, passine,
pass, movement (chiefly spec.), ehiit
{chiefly spec.), go (coUoo. or slang), revo-
lution (rare), novation (rare); spec, start,
bob, break, graduation, risk, vicissitude;
acALincATioN,

Antonj/ms: see constanct,

•■ Referring to garmentt: shift (now U. S.
or dial. Eng.).

obanie, v. t. I. exchange (often spec.),
commute; spec, shift (one's garmenla); see

EXCHANOE, MOVE, REMOVE.

alter, vary, qualify, variate (rore),
modify, transform, mutate (chiefly spec.),
convert, turn; n^iec. provect, transmute,
moderate, diminish, increase, intensify,
qualify, transform, shade, convert.

Atdonyms: see nx.
«haiiKe, V. i. alter, vary, variate (rare),
shift (chiefly spec), pass, resolve (lHwary
or spec.), go (coUoq. or spec), mutate
(chiefly spec), turn (chiefly spec); spec.
shape (as in "things are shaping his way;"
coUoq.), glide, sink, jump, break, range,
graduate, grade.

Anion^fma: see contintte.

I. 1. movable, variable, mo I

) (rare or spec), mutable; i

Antonyms; see
). Alterable, varying, variant, variable,
mutable, modifiable, inconstant, fickle
(flg.); spec, changeful, vicissitudinouB,
vicissitudinary, chatoyant, shot.

Antonyms: see constant, fixed.
t. fickle, inconstant, variable, light-
headed or light, moody (obsolescent), hare-
brained, flinty, mutable, shifty (diiefiy
spec), skittish (Jig.), volatile ({iterarv)t
feathery (fig.; rare), versatile (rare), mer-
curial (lilerary), unstable, changeful.

Antonyms: see constant, o^ptinatb,

ataanseableiiesB, n. 1. movablenesa, vori-

ableu

i, etc

3. alterablenesB, variableness, incon-
stance, etc.
Antonyms: see application.

chanEelinci »' <- Proteus (fig.); spec.
waverer, turncoat; renegade.
S. oof.
«. See roioT.

cbanEinB, a. 1. changeful, fluxile (rare),
various (rare or archaic), mobile, dynanuo
or dynamical (tech.).
S. alterative, modifying, modificatory.

ctaannel, n. 1. conduit, canal, course, duct,
carrier (coitlext-ual); spec, trough (nou
I/. 5.), gutter, groove, furrow, cloaca, csi-
oriduct (rare), sewer, main, rabbet, artery,
aorta, vein, runway, airway, ceaspipe,
pipe, lateral, aqueduct, drain, fiute, shoot,
mtake, leader, caiialiculus, couUsse
(Frejich), cullis, flume, riffle, wadi, ditch,
dike, downcomer, dale, himen, meatus,
launder, main, neck, katabothron (rare),
marigot (French), lead, run, runnel,
runner, sulcation (rare), donga (So.
Af.), gullet (local Eng.), gully, funnel, cul-
vert, sluice, raceway or race (chiefly V. S.)

runway (rare), ditch (contemptuous); spec 1

tideway, gut, sound, strait, swash, race- '

way or race (chiefly U. S-), neck, lead,

fairway.

1. Referring to a long depression: spee. j

furrow, groove, sulcation (rare), trough, |

fluting, dig, scratch, score, gouge, cut,

Aniimyint: see ridge.
«h*iitiel, V. t. 5iwr. gutter, canal (rare), ,

gully, ravine, cnamfer, ditch, canalise,

sweal (obe. or Scot.).
ohBDneled, a. Spec guttered, gutterjr, 1

ditched.

I

I ehsilf eTol . rJianaeabte^cbaTioino^ |
tS' See Hattt ol ExpIaaatloD.

CHATTER

Chant, n. Spec, hymn, song, canticle,
requiem {chiefly poetic), intonation.

ohaos, n. 1. abyss, void; spec, Ginnimga-
gap.

S. <Se6 CONFUSION.

ohapel, n. Spec, galilee, vestry, cubiculum,
crypt, chantry, oratory, pool, Bethesda.

ohap^ron, n. gouvemante (French); spec,
duenna.

ohaperon, v. t. matronize (rare),

chapter, n. 1. division (contextiujl) ; spec.
sura (in the Koran) , capitular.

S. See ASSEMBLY, BRANCH.

char, V, t, bum, scorch, carbonize (tech,),
sear.

char, n. bum, scorch, scar; spec, charcoal,
snuff.

character, n. 1. See figure, mark, na-
ture, QUALITY, HANDWRITING, TYPE,
STYLE, PERSONALITY, PERSONAGE, REPU-
TATION.

t. symbol, emblem (fig. or contextual),
figure (spec, or contextual); spec, letter,
type, hieroglyph, hieroglyphic, polyphone,
ideograph, pictograph, descender, hook.
S. personage, eccentric, crank (coUoq.),
original, erratic (rare), vagarian (rare),
case (coUoq. or slang, U, S.), oddity
(coUoq.), ^^Charader is somewhat collo-
quial in this sense.

characteristic, n. feature, trait, peculi-
arity, physiognomic (rare); spec, diagnos-
tic (esp. med?); see quality, distinction.

charge, n. 1. See price, expense, tax,

ACCUSATION, COMPLAINT, BIDDING, CARE,
BURDEN, ATTACK.

5. habihty, burden, encumbrance, tax
(orig. spec.), expense; spec, assessment,
rate; see mortgage.

t. rate, tax (coUoq. or slang, U, S.); spec.
average, demurrage, tariff, terminals
(pi.), dockage, storage, etc.; see price.

4. debit (tech.), chalk (spec, or fi^.), score
(spec), due.

6. Referring to iirearms, a furnace, etc.:
load; spec, round, blast, feed (fig.),

charge, v. t. 1. See fill, bid, assess, ac-
cuse, ATTACK, prepare, LOAD.

8. burden, commission, intrust, tax, en-
charge (rare).

5. Referring to a person: tax (coUoq.,
U.S.).

4. Referring to the amount: debit (tech.).

score (rare); spec, peg, size (Eng. uni-
versities),

5. Referring to what is charged with a
liability: burden, incumber; see mort-
gage.

charitable, /I. 1. See benevolent.
t. eleemosynary (literary, tech,, or euphe-
mistic).

S. liberal, considerate; spec, fair-minded,
large-hearted.

charity, n. 1. See love, kindness, benev-
olence, ALMS.

t. Spec, foundation, bequest, hospital,
college (chiefly Eng.).

charm, n. 1. See bewitchery, bewitch-
ment, ATTRACTION, ATTRACTIVENESS,
CAPTIVATION.

9. Spec, tahsman. fetish or fetich, medi-
cine (anthropology), saphie (North Africa),
obi or obeah (negro), greegree (Africa),
amulet.
Antonyms: see hoodoo.

charmer, n. 1. See magician.
S. Referring to a charming person, esp. a
woman: witch (colloq.).

chase, n. 1. In the generic sense: pursuit,
hunting, course, himt, cynegetics (rare);
spec, venery.
S. See hunt, game, pursuit.

chase, v. i. pursue; spec, run; — with
''after."

chaste, a. 1. pure, dean, white (fig.), in-
nocent, honest (rare or archaic), virtuous.
Antonyms: see unchaste, lewd, im-
moral, COARSE, BEASTLY, INDECENT, COR-
RUPT, lascivious, LICENTIOUS.
9. See PURE, PROPER.

chastity, n. 1. purity, pureness, innocence,
honor, virtue, virtuousness.
9. See PURITY.

chattel, n. chose (tech.), movable, thines
(pi.; chiefly spec.); spec, distress (sing^;
see GOODS.

chatter, n. 1. babble (rare), jargon, jangle,
patter (colloq.), gabble (contemptuous),
clatter (contemptuous), patter (coUoq.),
twaddle or twattle (now dial, or coUoq.),
claver (contemptiums, Scot.), dack (con-
temptuous), ms^ (colloq.), cackle (con-
temptuous or spec.), gibber, gibberish,
jaboer, jibber (rare), prattle, prate (rare),
prating, prittle-prattle (rare); spec. talk.
9. See babble, rattle.

Cross references: see Note.
ohant, V. t.: sing, intone.
ohantioleer: cock.
ehmotio: formlesa, confused.
ehmpz person.
€»hapf alien: depressed.
cshaplet: croum.
chapped: cracked.
cshaps: jaw, chops.
oharce, v. %.: rush.

ohargC; dipiomaiic agent.

oharceable: attributable.

oharcer: plaUer, horse.

charlatan: q^ack.

charm, v. t.: bewitch^ captivate^
attract.

charminc! captivating, pleas-
ant, attractive.

chamd house: ossuary.

chart, n.; table.

ehart,«. <.: iabviaU.
charter, n.: deed, privilege.
charter, v. t.: hire.
chary: careful, prudent.
chaae, v. t.: hunt, piirme.
chaem: abyss, deft, break, void.
chasten: purify, punishtre^ain.
chaetlte: punish.
chat, V. i.: converse.
chat, n.: conversation.

X3S^ See Notes of Krylanation*
65

clwtt«r, V. i. 1. babble, jargon, jargonize
(rare), jabble (rare), patter (ctiloq.), gab-
ble (contempfuous), prattle, jabber, prate,
blat or blate {vulgar or eorUemptuoue);
ipee. talk.

%. See RATTLE.

ohattflT, V. t. 1. patter, prate, rattle (fii).).
t. See RATTLB.
«h«Bp, a. 1. incxpenaive; apet. easy (cot-

Antonjpni: see COBTLT,

1. vulgar, meretricious; spec, popular;

see BASE, PALTBT, QAtTDT.

cheat, V. t. sharp, ebark (rare), swindle.

oboat, V. t. I. defraud, swindle, beguile,
cosen (noio lilerary), victimiie {context-
uol), bilk {coUoq.), gouge {colloq.), fob or
fub (rore), daddle (coUog.), Emb (063.;
stan0), bucket (slang), rogue {rare),
ehave, rook {coUoq. or tlang), gudgeon
(coHog.), mump {coUoq.; obs.), lurch (or-
rftaic), ramp {slang), Jew (toed opproftrv-
ouaij/ft^non-Jeuis; wilpar), ooien (Tanolti-
erarj/), cony-catch (o&a.); *pec. cog, fleece,
thimblerig, bunco, chouse {coUoq. or slang).
1. See DECEIVE.

cheat, n. 1. swindle, beguilcmect {esT>. the
aetion), do {slang), cross {cant or elajig),

t. defrauder, swindler, sharper, sharker
(rore), cozener {now lilerary), trickafcr,
sharp, Jew (used opprobriously by some
non-Jews; mdgar), blackleg (eoEIog.),
crook {calloq.), cony-catcher (06s.), sxude
{tlang), Greek {chiefiy apec), hawk (Jig.),
bilk {rare; calloq. or BUing), kite (rare),
shaver (rare), rascal, lurch (rare), rogue,
rook {fig.); spec, blackleg (coUog.), chouse
{coHoq. or slang) .

S, See DECEIVER, DECEPTION.

oheatlnK. n. defrauding, swindlery (rare).
oheok, V. I. 1. See btop, restraih, re-
ject, BAR, STtfHT,

S. mark; spec, tick, prick, tally.

S. repulse, squelch, rebuff; spec. snub.

4. countercheck; spec, block, scotch, cog,
snub, brake, drag, anchor, dam!>, rein.

5. withhold, forbear, spare, refrain (rare);
spec, cease.

ohsok, n. 1. See btop, btoppaoe, repreb-

BION, REVEKfiE, BAR, RESTRAINT, UiTER-
EDPTION.

t. Referring to that which checks: counter-
check; spec, drag, drogue, block, enub,
chock, clog, stop, stopper, damp, damper,
blanket, rein, bridle, inhibition, brakt^,
let {esp. in "wiOumt lei or hindrance").

). repulse, rebuff, setback {U. S.), bode I

set, thwart (rore); spec. snub.

4. mark; spec, tick, prick, tally, c

t. Referring to that by which a thing ia

coniroUed, measured, etc.: spec, standard,

control.

oheokered, a. cheeky, chequ^ or chequS
{heraldry).

oheek, n. 1. jowl (rare or dial.); spec. ^Ub j
{pi.; slang).
). See [MPUDKNCB.

oheer, v. I. I. encourage, inspirit, cherish t
{rare), comfort, strengthen, solace, con- I
sole, hearten, enliven, brighten, encheer |
(rare), recreate {rare), rehearten (rore),
liven {coUoq.), warm; spec, chirrup. '

Ajitonsfma: see abash, dibcouraojb,

1. Sec APPLAOO.

oheei, V. i, shout {contextual), jolly {Eng.);
tpuc. bttrrab, hurray, hurra, nuzia. I

otaBW, R. 1. encouragement, comfort, sol- j
ace, consolation, consolement {rart), (~
Uvenment, recreation (rare). 1

2. shout (contextual), jolly {Eng.); spec.
tiger, hu22a, hurrah, hurray, hurra.

cheerful, a. I. light, light-hearted, bright,
chipper {stajig or coUoq., U. S.), chirrupy
{aUhq.), lively, merry, jocund (literary),
debonair (iiteror^), Ughfsome, chirpy {ail-
log.), hilarious, jolly, gladsome, heartsome
{chiefly Scd(.), caoty {dial,), sunny, sun-
shiny (coUofj,), buxom {archaic), hiSty
{archaic), nant {rare), cheery, genial,
blithe, blithesome, bonny (06s. or rare),
brisk {ehiejly dial.); spec, smiling.

Antonyms: see depressed, bijllen,
aix)OMT.

». SeeCHBBRINO.

ohecTtulneai, n. geniality, hilarity, sun-
shine, gladsomeness, etc.
Antonyms: see depression, dibcour-

ACEMENT.

cheerlne. a. cheerful, ^nial, enlivening,
inspiriting, strengthening, consolatory,

?laaBome, Istificant (rare), heartaome
chiefly Scot.), chirping (rore), cheery,
blithesome, comfortable, cordial (rare),
solaceful (rare).

oheerinsi n. solacement, enlivenment,

heartening, etc.
oheeTlesi, a. dull, dismal, gloomy, dreary,

dark, joyless.
«bccTi«aaiie>i, n. dullness, diHmalpeea,

cheesy, a. caseous (chiefly tech.).
otaemlcal, a. Spec, alchemicai, analytical, J
synthetical.

I

nfiH. I crh«ctkEiimt«:

oheflry: cheerfut, cfiBeht

k

«h»mlM, n. shift, Hmock, slip; spec.
guimpe.

oliBiiali, v. (. I. protect, foater, nurae, cod-
dle, boBom (rare), brood; spec, ensbrine,

Antonyms: see abitsb, beat, bligrt,

n-L^TilEAT.

t. See CABESS, LOVE, PRESBBVE, ENTBB-

obaat. n. 1. case, box, coffer (chiefly spec.),
hutch (archaic or spec.); spec, met or cyat
(anlig.), clotheHpresa, cabinet, commode,
chiffonier, coffin, locker, tallboy, highboy,
wangun (co7i(), bureau; «« trunk.
a. thorax ((ecft.); spec, breaat.

eheBtnut, a. castaneoiu (tech.).

eheTTon. n. 1. Spec, zigzag, duicette.
a. iSee BADGE.

dhew, i;. I. it i. 1. masticate tSormai), chaw

Svno wigar or imptffing vtdgarity), man-
ucate (rare); spec, crunch, crump,
munch, mumble, champ, ruminate, gnaw,
t. 5eeREND.

nhewinc, a. ma.<iticatory, manducatory
(rare);— both Jormal.

chlMia*, V. i. pettifog {in law).

ohloanaiT, n. deceit (conlextiiaX), trickery,
sophistry, chicane; spec, prevarication,
pettifogging, pettifoggery .

Dhlok, n. offspring (conlezfuol), aquab
(chiefly spec.); see cbicken.

chlokan, n. fowl (amlexIwU), poult (rare),
biddy (coUoq.); spec, broiler, fry, peeper,
chick.

eIilok«ti-bTeaated, a. gibboua (rare or
tech.), pigeon-breasted.

ehlef, a. 1. first, arch (chiefly lilerary or
■used in combination), principal, foremost,
master, head, high (amtextaal), preemi-
nent, top, supercminent (rare), premier,
a. In importance, interest, etc.: main,
principal, first, capital (literary or for-
mal), premier, cardinal, pivotal, great
(luea viUh "the"), central, top, primary,
■upreme, prime, grand, leading, palmary
(rare), palmariaa (rare).
Antonyms: see inferior, becondart,

t. In proportion: prevailing, main.
DlilBt, n. 1. head; spec, chieftain, head-
man, headsman (rare), primate (rare),
cob (dial.), cock (coUoq.), ruler, leader,
dux (chiefly Scot, or spec.), captain, capi-
tano (Italian), cacique (West Indies).
Gondottiere (Ittdian), clicker, cid, general

imU. or ecd.), foreman, elder, goodman
Scot, or ardiaie). protopooe (eecl.), jarl,
caboceer (Africa), hierarcn (eccl.), pro-

vincial (ecd.), ringleader, rcis or rai^
(Arabia), aheik (Ar<Aia), sagamore,
sachem, raja or ruah, principal, prince,
cardinal (R. C. Ch.). primate (ecci.),
poligar, prytania (fig.), president, pre-
mier, phylarch, matriarch (chiefly jocu-
lar), mahk (Hindu), abuna (eecl.), metran
(eeci.), lumberdar (India), judge (Bib.),

RIOR, COMMANDBR.

AntonyTns: see sUBOBurNATB.
). principal, don (lilerary or cant).
1. In heraldry: spec, aoustenu (Frertch).

oblt&y, adv. principally, mainly,
mostly, capitally, cardioaliv, etc.

chicltaaoy, n. chief ship, headship, su-
premacy, masterdom.

child, n. I. See offspring.
a. offspring (eorUexlual), kid (slang or col-
fog.), bairn (Scot.), cub (jocose or contempt-
uous), whelp (contempt-amis), papoose
(Amsr. Ind.), dandiprat (iAs.,iwenile, or
archaic), dab (contemptuoua), joey (Aus-
tralia; coUoq.), imp (chiefly spec), mop-
St (archaic; a term of CTidearment) , bud
term of endearment), brat (contemptu-
ous). Innocent (as being pure), cherub (pi.
cherubs; spec, or sarcastic), lambkin (a
term of endearment); spec, boy, Kirl,
changeung, nestling (fis-), elf, tot, elfin
(literary; rare), chit (coUoq.), trot (coUoq.),
urchin; gee son, dauqkter.
Antonyms: see parent, pati

ohlldblrth, n. parturition (tech.), partUTJ-
ence (tech.; rare), travail (archaic), labor,
pains (pi.), puerpery (rare); spec, deliv-
ery, eutocia, dystocia.

childhood, n. infancy (chiefly Ugal. exc.
spec), youth, puerility (rare); apec. minor-
ity, pupilage, nonage.
Antonyms: see age, mattjbitt.

Qhlldlah, a. childlike, childly (rare), ju-
venile, puerile (usually in a bad sense),
youthful, brattiah (contemptuous), kiddiw
(slang or coUoq.)/ spec, boyish, boylike, girl-
ish, girl-like, girly (coUoq.): see babtibs.
These terms when applied to older persons
are used as eguwofcrU to: "foolish, weak,
silly, trifling, trustirtg, unsuspecting," etc.
"Childish" is seldom used except of older
persons, and usually in a derogatory sense:
childlike" usually implies approval.
Antonyms: see manlt, womanly, wom-

oblldten, n. pi. 1. offspring (contextual).

a. childhood (rorel; spec, infantry (joeur

tar), infancv; see touth.
chilly, a. cold, cool, chili.

Craii r</irnK«: >™ Now. I ohaTBlln : A
.art.Mld. I Ehlda: >foM.f<

Might, I chill, H..* tol.i. dtprtarian.

ohlU, t'.'l.: c>U, reaUait. /not.

r^S.a NatM at EipUutloE

oliline, f. i. & I. 1. ring [archaic or apec.),
play (contextuari.

a. See AOREE, BARMOKtZn.

ohlmney, n. 1. Spec, flue, Bhoat, Btack,

pipe.

I. See CLEFT.
ohtronv]' carnei. fireside, inglenook (lil-

erary).
otain, n, mentum (tecA.); spec. jowl.
oUu, n. earthenware (rare), chinaware,

porcelaino; apec. crackle, belleek, ma-

Chlnese, a. Celeatial (himoroua), Sioic
(rare), Siniean or Sinaic (rare); spec.
Serian or Seric.

chip, n. Spec. Sake, spall, turoings (pi.),
cutting (pi.), poringa (pi.), flint; see

ohUp, n. tt tt, i. cry (conlexlual), twitter,
cheep, cherup, chipper, peep, pipe, pip,
chirk (dial, or U. S.), chirrup or chirup;
apee. pule.

cblrpinE. «■ cheepy.

chisel, V. I. cut (contextual), carve (con-
textual); spec boast (masonry), gouge.

ohlBfll- shaped, a. scalpriform (tech.).

choloe, n. 1. Referring to the ad: prefer-
ence, preferment (rare)j selection, elec-
tion {ckiefiy spec), option, choose (rare;
kuvwTous or iiiilerale), optation (rare),
pick, delectus (rare, exc. apee.); apec. co-
optation, coOption.

Anlonyme: see rejection.
t> Referring to the thing chosen: prefer-
ence, selection, option, pick, favorite;
apee. cull (cant), delectus; see

■. Power of chooaing: option, pick; apec.
discretion.

ehaioe, a. 1. select, picked, recherchf
(French), exqui-iite.

choke, f. t. & i. 1. sulTocate (conlexlual),
strangle, strangulate {chiefly med.), throt^
tie; spec, bowstring, garrotte, grin (ar-
ehaie), gag,
1. See

TiNamsH.

repress (eontexluaD, check, swallow,
gulp (used chieflywilh "dmim"). "Choke
M used chiefly vnth "down."

choose, V. I. select, elect, take, opt (rare), ]
pick, optate (rore), list (ortly as a v. i.; 1
archaic); spec. co5pt (learned or tech.), 1
cooptate, cull, draw, prefer, prick, garble; I

Anionyms: see EEject. ]

ohoosliiE, a. optative, selective; apee. ea- i
lectio, elective. I

chop, n. 1. See ti.v/, j

S. In pi. (c/iops): chaps (pi.; a variarU), 1
choke (dial.); spec, flews (pi.). I

chop, V. i. <t i. cut (coniestual), hew, hack; I
apec. mince, hackle, lop, haggle. I

chop, n. 1. cut (contextual), slice (eon- I
textual), hew, hack; spec. lop. J

I. babble, lop, overfall, rip; spec, tiderip, J
ripple. j

ohopplnci a. wavy (contextual), roudl I
{conleilu^), bobbUng, cockling, bobbl^
loppy; spec, ripply.

ohoseo, 0. select, elect (chiefly spec.),
picked, predilective (rare); apec. conscript,
preferential, predestined, preferred.

ohosen, n. Spec, elect, (5tite (French).

Christ, n. Saver (rare). Savior or Saviour, J
Jesus, Redeemer, Messiah, Messias, Im- I
manuel. Mediator, Intercessor, Advocate, ]
Judge, Word, Son, Son of Man, Son of
God, Lamb, Lamb of God; — mostly used
with "the" or "<mr."

ohrlBten, v. I. t. See baptize, name.
i. Inlhesenseof'louseforthefiralHme":
auspicate (learned or literary), handsel;
spec, wet (slang), blood. "Chriaten" it \
coUoq.

ChrlBtendom, n. The Church, Christian-
ity, Zion (fig.).

Christian, n. Nasarene (used cap. by Jetoa
and Mohammedans), saint (Bi6.), aiaour
(used by Turks), gentile (used in India);
spec, professor (chiefly Scot, tt U. S.),
novice, probationer, Gnostic, Baptist, '
Methodist, etc.
Antonyms: see heathen, hehetic.

ChrlstniKs, n. Yuletide (literary or load).
Yule (lileraTy or local).

ohronlo, a. inveterate, confirmed, sealed,
settled, rooted, continuing {contextvai);
spec, inborn, inbred.

ohTonoIcclcal, a. dutul (rare), temporal
(contextual).

dUtchat: am<irrmtian.
chlTmlroiu; knightljf. 0'

ohoprBUali: dBpresml.

Chrlstlmnitr: ChrUlmdom

obionlole, t.
obubb]': plu

chnckla: biorkhead.

« NotM ot EipImiiBlloIl.

CIRCVMVOLUTIOK

ohuTch, n. 1. temple, house, house of God,
Lord's house, fane {archaic or poetic) ^
ecclesia (hisL)y kirk (Scot. & north oJEng.;
chiefly spec.); spec. Ebenezer, cathedral,
chapel, Caaba, Kaaba, Bethel, meeting-
house, basilica, synagogue, tabernacle,
duomo (Italian), mosque, kiack, minster,
mensal (hist.), martyry, conventicle,
samaj (India), delubrum, dom (German).

S. See CONGREGATION, CHRISTENDOM.

ohute, n. shoot, hopper; spec, sUde.

oisar, n. weed (slang).

oimeter- shaped, a. acinaciform (rare).

cinder, n. Spec, coal, breeze; see slaq.

cinder, v. t. Spec, scorify.

oindery, a. coaly; spec, slaggy.

cipher, n. 1. nought, naught (a less usual

form), 0, nothing, zero, aught (rare and

a mistake for ^ ^naught'*), ought (a mistake

for "nought").

S. cryptogram, cryptology.

S. See NUMERAL, MONOGRAM.

cipher, V. t. 1. encipher (mxrre formal than
''cipher''),
S. See COMPUTE.

circle, n. 1. disk, radius, round, rondelle
(rare or tech. and spec.), rondure or roun-
dure (rare), rondel (archaic), orb (rhet. and
chiefly spec.), roundel (chiefly svec.) ; spec,
carton, discus, roundle (tech.), roundlet
(dim.), circlet (dim.).
2. ring, round, roundabout (rare), gyra-
tion (tech.), gyre (chiefly poetic), orb (rare
or obs.), roundel (chiefly dial,), O (fig.);
spec, cycle, corona, halo, hoop, meridian,
epicycle, ecUptic, cordon, equator, colure,
horizon, circlet, roundle, roundlet, spiral;
see RING.
S. See ciRCXHT, set.

circle, V. i. wheel, ring, gyrate; see re-
volve, CIRCUIT.

circuit, n. 1. See circumference, boun-
dary, AREA, SPHERE^ JURISDICTION.

2. course, round, circling, circle, turn,
revolution (rare), ambit, compass, orbit,
tour, circuition (rare), troll (archaic), cir-
culation (rare), perambulation (liierary
and fig.), circumambience (nxmce use);
spec, lap, journey (contextual), trip, bout;

see REVOLUTION.

S. Referring to the way: course, round,
compass, ambit, circmtion (rare); spec.
eyre (oibs. or hist.), tour, turn, giro
(Italian), iter (tech.), beat, aetour, round-
about, lap, ring, cycle; see winding.

circuit, V, t. round, circle, encircle, girdir
ifiq.), surround (rare); spec, circumam^
bulate (rare), circumnavigate, perambu^
late, tour.

circuit, V. i. course, round, circulate, cir*
cle; spec, tour, aetour; see revolver
wind.

circular, a, 1. round, rounded, orbicular
(elevated or tech.), orbed (literary), or by
(rare), rotund (rare or tech.), orbiculate
(rare), encircular (rare); spec, discoid,
rotate (rare), disciform, discoidal (rare),
cycloid.

2. round, ringy (rare), ringlike, orby
(rare), compass (rare or tech.); spec, ro-
tary, gyrant, gyrate, orbital, roundabout.
S. Of a letter; esp. ecd.: cycUc, encychcal.

circularly, adv, roundabout, roundwise,
round, roundly (rare),

circulate, v, i. 1. See circuit, revolve.
2. Referring to money, goods, etc.: pass, go,
run, move.

S. Referring to rumors, etc,: run, go; spec,
evulgate (rare).

circulate, v. t. 1. See diffuse, report.
2. Referring to money, etc,: pass.

circulating, a. current (referring to
money).

circulatory, a, circulative, diffusive.

circumference, n. periphery (learned or
tech.), circuit, compass, round, perimeter
(geom.), perimetry (rare); spec, girth, girt,
perambulation (literary and fig,); see

BOUNDARY.

Antonyms: see center, middle.

circumlocution, n. periphrasis (learned),
periphrase (rare), roundabout (rare), in-
direction, ambage (rare), circuition (rare),
circumambages (pi.; rare), circumbendi-
bus (jocular).

circumlocutory, a. periphrastic, round-
about, indirect, amoagious (rare), cir-
cuitous.

circumscribe, v. t. 1. inclose, surround;
spec, bound.
2. See BOUND, restrict, describe.

circumstance, n. 1. See occurrence,

STATE, FORMALITY, AFFAIR.

2. fact, matter; see particular.
circumstanced, a. conditioned, j&xed (coir

loq.), situated.
circumstantial, a. minute, detailed, full,

detaily (coUoq.; rare); spec, fussy; see

particular.
Antonyms: see general, indefinite.

Cross references: sec Note.
churchman: ecclesiastic, miniMter.
churlish: rustic, boorish, surly,

rough, ill-tempered, stingy.
dnoh: girth, hold.
drolc* 0. t.: circuit.
drolet: circle, ring, crown.
drcHnf; circuU.

droaltous: devious, indirect,

circumlocutory.
olrcuitoasly: about.
droulartse: advertize.
circumjacent: surrounding.
circumfuslon: pouring.
clrcumnaTlfatc: circuit.
clrcumtcriptiTc: restrictive.

drcnmspcct: prudent, careful.
circumstantiate: endmest

narrate.
circumvent: surround, omt-

reach.
circumvention: overreaching.
circumvolution: rotation, rev»

olution, coil, unnding.

6

13^ See Notes of Eiplanation.
69

clrcas, n. hippD<lrome {rhelmiad; eiften
used as a name for u circus building).
olstern, n. reservoir, tank; — both contexl-

•ItUjf, e. (, metropolitanisB (rore). "Citifj/"
is ckiefly used in the p. p, "cit^Ud."

olUBen, n. cit (cnntemptwiwi) ; spec, bur-
1, burgher, comburgesii, clerucb, eph-
eoe, cosmopolite, conuDimer, freeman,
civiliftn, deniten; see townsman.
AnUmymn: see fobbioneh.

dty, n. town, burg (coUoq., U. S.); spec.
metropolis, metropolitan.

rUlaii, n, mohair (,BoldieTs' slang); spec.
gownsman, scorpion (dang).

olvUlty, n. 1. See poutbnebb.
1. ii^emrH7lolheaef.- attention, courtesy,
devoir (literary or learned); spec, bow,
greetinj;, attentivenesa.

idTillBmtloi), R. civility (archaic); spec.
reclamation (the act only), enlightenment,
cultivation, kultur (Oer.); see refine-

olTUlaa, V. t. Spec, reclaim, debarbaize,
enlighten, cultivate ichiefiy in p. a. "cuZ-
twoteii"); seeRBFjNK.

ol*lUB«d, a. civil (archaic); spec, enlight-

Antonyma: see tiNciviuzBO.
claim, V. t. I. demand, challenge (obso-
lescent), vindioata {rare); spec, counter-

At^nyms:
9. See DEM.

claim, n. demand, pretense, pretension;
spec, plea, counterclaim, condiction (Ro-
man Jato), location ([/. S.), revendication,
plea.

). demand, lien; s^kc. hold.
Antonyms: see dibci.aUiIEB.
I. See RIGHT.

claimant, n. demandant (now rare); spec.
pleader, pretender.

olalrvo ranee, n. second sight, clear eight
(rare).

dairvarant, a. clear-sigbted (rare).

olalrvoyant. n. seer.

olaniaraua, n. noisy (contejAual), vocifer-
ous, clamant (literary or teamed), obstrep-
erous, uproarious, blatant, vociferant,
Btrepitous (rare); see boibteroos.
^nfon^s; see calm, biient.

elamp, n. clam, cramp, grip, vise (chiefly

•t.); spec, crampiron, horse, dog, yoke,

(Greek antiq.), i

1. See BET.
clans, "■ t' clam; see rikq.
clans, n. I. clangor, clam; see b;

1. See TniBSE.
clap, V. i. t. strike, slap, bang, clack, slam, I

slat, cUck.

otap, n. 1. stroke (conleiiual), blow, elap, I

slam, bang, clack, slat. I

(. noise (conlextuai); spec, slam, bang, 1
clack, explosion, peal.

olappet, n. l. Spec, tongue, clack, bona 1
(pt.). '

». See T

olapplnt, a, claekety, clickety, slapping,
slumming, elatting, ele.

daap. V. I. 1. seise, embrace, enclasp (rare
or emphatic), infold or enfold, clip; spec.
twine, clutch, interlock, entwine, fold, i"-
arm, hug, hook, clutcQ, twine; see B:

AnU>nyms: see fbeb.
1. fasten; spec, buckle, brace, hook, i
fibulate (rare).
■. See HOLD,
olaap, n. 1. seizure; spec, embrace, fold, I

hug, clutch: see EMBRACE. I

a. fastening, catch; spec, morse, oucb |
(archaic), fibula, buckle, fermail, hasp.
1. See HOLD.
class, 1. I. division (eonlextiud), category I
(tech. or leartied), predicament (spec, or I
learned), denomination, division, sort,
species, group, order, rank, range {ra

1. Spec, form, division, seminar, Phila- I
thea, Baraca, classis.

clMs, f. t. place (contextwd), rank, rate, •

number, assort (rare), reckon; posthabic I

olaialo, a. Attic (literary or learned).

out: i:

I Wr, ralOe.

^^^H Clam: dampr

dlauorona: i

olmptrap: trwieery, non»
datinoatlon: fttaring.
flmilMlmo: pn-lsRain.
olailL. I. I.,- CdUufi, foTUIid,

CLEARING

classical, a. Spec, humanistic, canonical
or canonici correct.

dassiflcation, n. assortment.

dassilled, a. assorted.
Antonyms: see confused.

classify, V. t. group, categorize (tech.), as-
sort, sort (literary), order; spec, grade,
distribute, arrange, tribe (rare), impost
(U. S. customs), graduate, match, size,
pigeonhole, range, brack (local), garble
(rare, exc. of coins, nuis, etc.).
Antonyms: see confuse, mix.

clatter, n. &. v. i. 1. Spec, clack, clitter,
clutter, hurtle; see rattle, babble.

clause, n. 1. article, particle (rare); sfec.
paragraph, covenant, proviso, condition,
stipiuation, reddendo (Scots law), redden-
dum.
S. See PART.

claw, n. griff (rare), ungula (tech.), talon
(chiefly spec.), hook (.slang); spec, sinele
(archaic), clutch (chiefly in pi.), chela,
pounce, pincers (pi.), manus, nipper; see

NAIL.

claw, V. t. scratch, dig (coUoq. or spec),
clapperclaw (archaic or dial.).

clay, n. argil (tech.), cloam (dial. Eng.);
spec, clunch, kaoUn, metal, cledge (local
Eng.), wacke, slip, till, bole, gault (dial.
Eng.).

clayey, a. argillaceous (tech.).

dean, a. 1. unsoiled, pure (literary or fig.),
imsullied (literary); spec, immaculate, un-
stained, incontaminate (rare), undefiled,
unsmirched, dirtless, spotless, dustless,
white, unblemished.
Antonyms: see dirty, filthy, soiled,
FOUL, smeary, etc.

2. See PURE, SKILLFUL, SHAPELY, CLEAN-
LY, CHASTE.

dean, adv. 1. So as to he clean: cleanly.
2. Spec, absolutely, completely^ skillfully.

dean, v. t. 1. cleanse, mundify (rare),
clenge (Scot. & dial.), defecate (rare;
chiefly spec), purge (chiefly spec); spec.
purify, wash, deterge, scald, dust, mop,
rinse, bream, careen, dress, comb, gill,
dredge, pick, grave, scavenge, pure (cant),
swingle, scour, blow, scrub, elutriate,
wipe, defecate, willow, clarify, ripple; see

DRESS, WASH, FAN.

Antonyms: see dirty, soil, smear, foul.
2. jSee CLEAR.

cleaning, a. cleansing, mundatoiy (rare),
purgative; spec, purificatory, wash, wash-
mg, detersive^ depurative, detergent,
scouring, purging.

cleaning, n. cleansing; spec, purge, purga-
tion, scouring.

cleanly, a. clean, neat.

dear, a, 1. transparent, limpid (chiefly
spec), lucid, pellucid, liquid, p^uoent
(rare), crystal, crystalline; spec, un-
clouded, serene; see transparent.

Antonyms: see turbid, dreqqy.
2. Referring to weather: fair, bright, fine,
serene (rare or literary); spec, sunny, sun-
shiny, perfect, unclouded, cloudless.

Antonyms: see foul, cloudy, rainy,

SNOWY, FOGGY, HAZY.

S. Referring to tones: liquid, pure; spec.
mellinuous or mellifluent (rhetorical), crys-
tal, musical^ singing, euphonious, fluty,
silvery, ringmg, snarp.
Antonyms: see hoarse, dull.

4. Referring to weights or amounts: net,
neat (rare).

5. Referring to the skin, etc.: spec, brieht,
fresh, healtliy, transparent, peachy, &r,
blooming.

Antonyins: see sallow.

6. InteUigible (contextual), plain, lucid,
pellucid (literary), luminous (rhetorical),
luculent (rare), perspicuous, sharp-cut,
unambiguous, naKed (rare); spec, vivid,
distinct.

Antonyms: see unintelligible, ob-
scure, OBTUSE, HIDDEN.
7. See DEFINITE, EVIDENT, CONFIDENT,

SMOOTH (in sound), absolute, unob-
structed, FREE, pure.
clear, t'. t. 1. clarify, fine, refine; spec, set-
tle, defecate, render.
Antonyms: see muddy.

2. See FREE, disentangle, ACQUIT, AB-
SOLVE. AVOID, PURIFY, REMOVE, JUMP.

S. make, net, clean up (coUoq.), profit,
realize, get (contextual).
Antonyms: see lose.

4. free, rid, sweep, scour.

5. free (from obstructions, rubbish, weeds,
or what not), sweep (spec, or Jig.), scour
(spec, or Jig.), clean; spec, open, room
(rare), drive, serene (rare), deobstruct
(rare), deoppilate (rare), blow, uncloud,
evacuate.

Antonyms: see obstruct.

6. Spec, (referring to land) deforest, stub,
grub, denshire (Eng.), burnbeat (Eng.),
assart (Eng.).

7. See evacuate.

dear, v. i. Referring to the face, the sky,
etc: uncloud (rare), brighten; spec
gladden.
Antonyms: see cloud.

clearance, n. 1. freeing, riddance, clearing.
2. See ACQUITTAL, absolution, license,

CLEARING.

clearing, n. 1. clear (chiefly in "in the
dear"), open (chiefly in *'in the open"),

ISr Cross references: see Note. | oleanness: purity.

I deanse: dean, purxfj/.

13^ See Notes of Explanation.

71

opening, dearanca (lUerary); spec, osaart,
9. See iCQtriiTAL.

>. clearance; spec, clarification, riddance,
evacuation, scouring, deforcstotion, efc.

elMuneiii n. 1. Spec, clarity, Umpidncss,
limpidity.

I, serene (rare), serenity [liierary or rare);
gpec. cloudlessnesB.

olesTable, a. fissile (ekkfiy tech.); spec.
Bcissile, flaggy, laminable, flaky, platy.

«leBTai:e> n. I. nssility, cleavableaess ; epec.
laminableness, tamiuatioQ, delamination.
S. See flPUTTiNO.

tdeave, v. I. & i. divide, split, shear, dis-
sever (Tare); spec, plow, delaminate, lam-
inate, fissure, rift, flake, rive, furrow; see

cleft, a. split; spec, riven, reft, rent, multi-
fid, fissuTed, cracked, fractured, broken,
cut, rimose.

cleft, n. split, gap; spec, fissure, rift, reft
(rare), scissure (rore), interstice, chasm,
crack, crevice, chinmey, chink, clot
(Seat.), rent, flaw, slit, dike iloeal, Eng.),
fault; set crevasse.

olenoh, v. I. 1. See clinch, seize, qrasp,

BTKENQTHEN,

9. grip; spec, close ((Ae fist), clutch (llie

fist), set (We Uelk).

olanohed, a. closed; spec, clubbed, set.
clerioaUBm, n. sacerdotalism, ministeri-

clMlokUtjr. n. dericate (rare), clergy (obs.,
exc. m "benejil of dcrgy"), clergy manahip,
derkhood (arelMic); spec, priesthood,
chaplainship, chaplaincy.

elerk, n. 1. See uinister, balcshan.
I. Spec, recorder, r^atrar, scribe, scriv-
ener, protonotary, conicopoly (Anglo-
Indian); eee accountant, secretary.

olerer, a. 1. smart {now chiefly U. S,), cute
(.eoUoq.), good, pretty (archaie or colioq.),
Bolert (oSb.); »ee abi

HEADY, INGBNlOna, SKILLFUL.

Antonyms: see dull, btupii

1. See OBLiaiNO.
oUok, n. noise, tick, tap; spec, clap, snap.
oUok, D. 1. 1£ t. sound, tick, tap; spec, dap,

snap.
oUentele, n. 1. dependants {pi.}, clientry

(a collective).

%. constituency (coUoq.), following, clien-

try (rare), dientelage (rare), dientage;

kranta or kranz {South Africa).
oUmate, n. clime {lil&ary and ehieflff

podic).
Qilmtu, n. 1. In rhetoric: graduation (con-

textiwi).

». See heiobt, CROWN,
ollmb, V. i. u ascend, Hcale, mount; spec.

clamber, ramp (of vinet, etc.; dial, or

rare), swarm (eollog.), run (of plants; oon-

textual), scramble, scrabble.

a. See ASCEND,
ollmb, V. t. ascend, scale, mount; spec.

clamber, swarm {coUoq.), shin (coUoq.),

escalade, scramble.
ollmb, n. ascent, mount; spec, clamber.
ollmblne, a. scansorial (tech.).
ollnoh, V. t. 1. fast«n (contextuaTl, dencb,

turn (conlextjial), dink {dial. Eng. a

Scot); spec, rivet.

a. See seize, grasp, strenothen.
clip, V. t. 1. cut (contextual), snip, shear,

retrench (rare), curtail (rare); spec.

prune, dock, pare, beahear (rore), shear,

poll, nip; seeTBiii.

clip, n. 1. cut (contextual), snip, shear;

spec, nip; see troi.

S. See SHEARS, BLOW, OAIT.

clOKk, n. t. robe (contextual), pall (or-
chaic); spec, mantle, mant^u (kitt.),
inantua(Ais(.),8urcoat (hief,), cope, mant-
let (kisl.), domino, mask, burnouse, car-
dinal, capa (Spanish), capote, capuchin,
chlamys, cardinal, prince, manto (lUdian
or Spanish), manta (Spanish), cowl, In-
vemeas, Joseph (hist.), jelob (Jl/oroccanJ,
poncho {Spanish), pluvial (hist, or eccl.),
pallium, paletnt, palla {Roman antig.),
talma, scapular or scapulary, roquelauro
(hist.), sagum, poncho,
t. See PRETEXT.

cloak, V. t. 1. dothe {conlextuat), mantle.
*. See HIDE.

«Iqb> "' 1- check, weight, drag, trammel;
spec, log, block.

S. See HINDRANCE.

dOKKy, a. heavy, trammeling.

CIWU-ilRliMd:
otsBTB, t. i.: fficJ

SH

^ Beo MotM ol Eiplanatlou.

oUpplBf; quotatiefi.

I
I

I

CLOUDINO

olose, a. 1. See closed, nabkow, accu-
rate, PARTICULAR, THICK, COMPACT, AP-
PROXIMATE, CONFINED, HIDDEN, RETI-
CENT, STINGY, NEAR, SHORT, INTIMATE,
STOCKY, SEARCHING.

». oppressive, stale, heavy, stuffy, fusty,
stifling; spec, musty, sultry, sweltry.

Antonyms: see fresh.
S. tight, snug.
olose, V. t. 1. shut, stop, estop (archaic),
cork (spec, or fig.); spec, button, lock, oc-
clude, seal, douse, lute, stopper, plug.

Antonyms: see open, unfold.
2. See INCLOSE, shut, obstruct, end,

CLENCH.

olose, V. i. 1. embrace, clinch, grapple, grip.

2. See AGREE.

dose, n. inclosure; spec, precinct, curtilage.
closed, a. close; spec, shut; see clenched,

BUND.

Antonyms: see open.

closet, n. 1. room (contextual) , cabinet,
cuddy.

2. Svec. recess, cupboard, cabinet, buffet,
warorobe, garderobe (hist.), cuddy,
Ascham.

closure, n. 1. closing, shut (rare); spec.
blockade, occlusion.

2. Referring to debate: cloture, cl6ture
(French), stoppage (rare).

dot, n. mass, lump, dout, clump; spec.
gout (now chiefly in aUusion to Shake-
speare^ s iLse), gob (now vulgar), thrombus,
crassamentum, grume, coagulum.

doth, n. 1. fabric (contextual); spec, mun-
go, shoddy, dab (chiefly dial.), pall (ar-
chaic), corporal, corporas.
2. With ^^the": see ministry.
S. In pi. '^clothes**: see clothing.

dothe, V. t. 1. dress, apparel (rather formal
or rhetorical), attire (dignified), tire (obs.
or archaic), array (dignified), costume,
robe (chiefly spec.), accouter (obs. or spec.),
habilitate (rare), vest (chiefly fig.), garb
(chiefly spec), beclothe (rare), invest
(literary), deck, endue (literary), dizen or
bedizen (now usually contemptuous; chiefly
spec.), vesture (rare), encase or incase
(chiefly humorous), rig (coUoq. or sUmg),
Jight (archaic or dial.; used esp. in ro-
mances), bcdight (archaic and poetic), en-
robe (literary), garment (rare), guise (ar-
chaic), tog (chiefly with *^out"; slang);
spec, jacket, deck, beclout (rare), breech,
cassock, fur, gown, coat, scarf, shroud
(fig.), uniform, frock, tartan, enclothe,
empurple (rare), crape, coif, swathe, re-
clothe, reinvest (rare); see cloak.
Antonyms: see strip, undress.
2. See invest, disguise.

dothed, a, dad (now chiefly literary), en-
clad (rare), vested (heraldry or fig.).
Antonyms: see naked, bare.

dothier, n. costumer, outfitter (chiefly
cant); spec, hosier, haberdasher, furnisher,
hatter, etc.

dotliins, n. 1. Referring to the act: invest-
ment (chiefly literary), investiture (literary
or tech.).
2. dress, clothes (pi.), garments (pZ.), ap-

Earel (dignified), habiliment (chiefly in pi.;
amed or literary), array (dignified), at-
tire (rather formal; often spec!), garb, rai-
ment (rhetorical or poetic), costume, robes
(pi.; fonruil or spec.), vesture (literary or
fig.), vestments (pi.; chiefly tech.), daes
(Scot.), investiture (literary), investment
(literary) J costumery (rare), garmenture
(rare), rigging (colloq.), wear (coUoq.),
toggery (Sari{7), togs (jd.; slang), duds
(pL; slang), gear (orclfiaic or literary),
things (p/.; coUoq.), nulls (pi.; fig.);
spec, robmg, gala (obs., exc. with *Hn**),
rags (P^')j tatters (pi.), coating, livery,
duck, buff (mil.), overwear (rare, U. S!),
overdothes (pi.), underclothes (pZ.),
slops (pi.; colloq.), wardrobe, washmg;
see COSTUME.

cloud, n. 1. meteor (tech.), nebula (rare or
spec.), thickness (rare, exc. of the state of
fact); spec, cirrus, cumulus, stratus, nim-
bus, cirro-cumulus, rack, colt's-tail, film,
messenger, woolpack, mist, fog, fogginess,
scud, haze, hazmess, mare's-tail, whiff,
goat's-hair; see fog.
2. thickening (contextual); spec, nebula,
smoke, fog, nubecula, puff, scud, mist,
fog, film, steam; see blur, haze.

S. See MULTITUDE, imperfection, FAULT,
SPOT, STAIN, SCARF.

doud, V, t. 1. overdoud, overcast, over-
shadow, bedoud (an intensive), adum-
brate (rare), obnubilate (rare), obnebu-
late (rare); spec, shade, shadow, bc^og,
fog, mist.
Antonyms: see clear.
2. Referring to the brow: darken, shade.

S. See DULL, BLEAR, 8XTLLY, WATER.

doud, V. i. 1. thicken.
Antonyms: see clear.

2. See SULLY.
doud- bringing, a. nubiferous (rare),
doudbur8t,n. rainfall (contextual), dduge.
clouded, a. 1. See cloudy.

2. cloudy; spec. moir6 (French), watered,

mottled.

S. See DARKENED, HIDDEN.

doudins, n. 1. obnubilation (rare); spec.
moir6 (French), water.

2. iSee 0BSCX7RATI0N.

Cross references: see Note.
ololiter: convent, arcade.

olosiiic: doaure.
olot, V. t.: cooffulate.

clothe, V. i.: drees.
clothes: dothing.

See Notes of EiphuiatlOD.

7?

Dioudy, a. 1. nubjlous (learned or tech.),
clouded, nebulous ichieflij spec.), thick;
spec, overcast, foggy, misty, fogged, dull,
black, filmy, hazy, blurred, overcast,
murky, lowering or louering, lowery or
loury, lurid, aubnuvolar Crare); see foooy.
ArU/mj/m«: eee clear.
I. Spec, muddy, nebulous, araoky, foggy,
miaty, steamy; ste hazt, tttrbid.

OBPRB891NG B LB ABED.

BOFFOOK.

t. Meaning a
slouch (slang •

dang), hobnail ijw.j, luooer ipnmoruv
tuait.), chuckle (dang), duffer (alattf)),
muff (dcmg), lout (cMoq.), bumpkin,
booby (colioq.), nincompoop (slang),
Kawky (eoUo?.), gawk {aMoq.), calf (oj-
wq.), hawbuck (Sang, Eng.).
Aidonyms: see expert.
olub, n. 1. stick (contextual), cudgel,
truncheon (archaic, exc. epec.), bat,
bludgeon, bourdon (archaic); spec, waddy,
mace, mere or men, nuUa-nulla, leeangle,
keerie, batjsn, baboon (archaic), knob-
kenie, lathee (Anglo-Indian), knobstick,
billy, ahillalah, staff, hickory, crab or

t. In games: spec, hockey, hurley, driver,
niblick, hraaay, cleefc, midiron, loftie,
maahie, putter, iron, ahinnyj hurl (rare).
S. /n cards: spec, ba&to.
4. association (coTJextuai); spec, combina-
tion, Turnverein (German), Siingerbund
(Oerman), tabape (French), Rota (Eng.
hist.), helfflry (ancient Greek hist.); tee

olub, V. t. strike (amteiiiuil). beat (con-
textual), cudgel, truncheon (rare), blud-
geon; spec, bastinado, paddte.

dnbloot, n. 1. Referring to the fool: splay-
foot, poltfoot (archaic).
X. Referring to the deformity: talipes
(tech.), clubfootednesB, splayfoot, polt-
foot (archie); spec, varus,

olub-shsped, a. clavate, claviform; — hoth
lech.

oln«k, n. & u. call (amtextuai), cry (con-
lextuid); spec, chuck.

clump, n. I. See lAniP.
t. group, cluster, bunch; spec, thicket,
grove, plump (archaic), tuft, etc.

otumpr, a. I. clustery.

t. See LUMPT.

duins}', a. 1. Rearing to a person: awk-
ward, unhandy, ungraceful, heavy, lum-
berly, lumbering, lumbersome, lumbroua
(rare), graceleas (rore), wooden, left-
halldl^d, lubberly (naut. or Jig.), lubber-
like (naul. or fig.), bDoby^ bixibyiBh. in-
elegant; spec, elephaotme, unskillful,
draggy, inapt, lumpish, bungling.

Antonyms: see bkiujul, ohaceitji-
S. Referring to a tiling: spec, unwieldy,
cumbrous, heavy, unhwidy, bungling,
botched, rough, crude, lumberly, lumber-
lug, lumbersome.
A'ttoityme: see airt,

oinstaieil, a. Spec, conglomerate, glomer-
ate (tech.).

dutch, n. 1. nest; spec. aitUng.
a. See BROOD.

dutch, I

a. See SI ,
dutch, n. I. Referring to the act: hold (at,
textvol), grip, grasp, clench, clasp; ate

BUBRACE, QKAFPLE.

AjUonipns: ace release.
t. Referring to tlie thing Diat holds: hold
(eontextuai), grip; spec. grab, grabber,
claw, claaper, grasper, grapple, clamp,
crampon, grappter, comenJong (cant),

Sapnel, lewis, lewisson, gland, fist
'tieflj/ jocular) , finger, nipper, nip, grip-

per, gripe, dog, clip, pincers, forceps, chuck.
AtUonipna: see release.

■. See SEIZURE (in pi.), qrasp, contsol. |
ooaoh, n. 1. vehicle (amtextuai), rattler .

(siang); spec, rattletrap (slang), tally-ho, '

drag, four-in-hand.

I. teacher (conlexlaal), crammer (obtU

or slang), grinder (cant or ^ng), coacher '

(cant), tutor. "Coach" is cant.
oomeh, v. t. teach (contexluaC), cram (cant

or slang), tutor. "Coach" is cant.
ooaKuikts, V. i. & t. thicken (contextual),

clot, run (dial.; tiaed as a v. i. mtly), set,

curdle, clod lo6s. or rare), cruddle (adefiy i

ditd.), clabber (U. S.); spec, solidify, lop-

pcr, caseate; see jellt.
Anionj/ms: see LiguErr.
oaacuiated, a. clotted, loppered, curdled,
coacolmoi n. mass, coagulation, ourd

(chiefly sjiec); see clot.
coBi, n. i. Referring to the mAstance: spec,

charcoal, cannd coal, anthracite, cinder

COHORT

slacki lignite, jet, cobbles (pi.; Eng.), duff,
dross, culm, coke, carbocoal.

1. Referring to a lump or piece of coal: gleed
{archaic; chiefly spec.); spec, ember, cinder.

ooATse, a. 1. large (conUxlual), crass
{chiefly literary) , gross {literary or tech),
heavy {chi^y spec.), thick; spec, rank,
reedv, gruff {teck, or Scot.), homespun,
earthy.

Antonyms: see delicate, small, blen-
der.

S. low, vulgar, conamon, unrefined, crude,
gross, unideal {rare), crass {literary), in-
eiea^t, unpoli^ed, rough, plebeian {spec.
orUterary), woolen (rare), indelicate: spec,
rude, ribald, earthy (rare)f rustic, down-
ish, brutal, brutish, swinish, scurrilous;
see BOOHiSH, beastly, lewd, indecent.
Antonyms: see refined, spiritual, in-
tellectual, CHASTE.
S. See ROUGH.

(hoarsen, v. t. 1. enlarge (contextual), thick-
en {contextual).

S. See ROUGHEN, SENSUALIZE.

ooat, n. 1. Spec, jacket, sack, jemmy
{Eng.; rare), overcoat, greatcoat {chiefly
Eng.), jacket, paletot (French), oiler
(U. S.; coUoa.), cutaway, cassock, secret
(antiq.), frock, habergeon, buff, tunic.
S. cover, coating; spec, set, scumble,
wash, intonaco (Italian), glaze, priming,
fur, buff; see smear, crust.
S. pelage (tech or learned), pilage (rare),
fell (rare or literary); spec, fleece.

4. See ARMS, SKIN.

ooat, V. t. 1. See clothe.

2. cover, overlay; spec, lute, fur, gum,
bark, prime, plaster, render, roughcast,
wash, silver, glaze, film; see crust, smear.

ooax, V. t. at i. Spec, persuade, entice,
cajole, urge, honey (rare or obs.). There
is no general synonym of ^'coax.*'
Antonyms: see bluster, bully, coi^ipel,

INITIMIDATE.

coazine, a. Spec, bland, gentle, winning,
persuasive.
ooaxine, n. sua.sion (rare).

Antonyms: see compulsion.
cobbler, n. repairer (contextiud) ; spec, (re-

ferring to shoes) dobberer (dial. Eng.),
sutor (learned), douter.

oob weblike, a. arachnoid (tech.); spec.
cortinate (tech.).

oook, n. 1. chantideer (voetic and usually
used as a moper name), rooster (chiefly
U. S. and dial. Eng.); spec, capon, cocka-
lorum (dim.; colloq.), cockerd, singer,
heder.
2. spout; spec, faucet, tap, valve, plug.

S. See WEATHERVANE, CHIEF, HEAP.

cockade, n. device; spec, black cockade
(Hanover), white cockade (Stiuxrt), ro-
sette, knot.

cocoon, n. case (contextual), covering (con-
textual) ; spec. pod.

code, n. 1. codex (rare); spec, system, for-
mulary, law, rule, rdigion.
S. See DIGEST.

codify, V. t. systematize, digest.

coexistent, a. contemporaneous, concomi-
tant; see CONTEMPORANEOUS.

coextensive, a. equal, coequal; spec, co-
terminous; see CONTEMPORANEOUS.

cofferdam, n. chamber (contextual), box,
batardeau (French), coffer, caisson.

coffin, n. box (conteoctual) , casket (U. S.),
hearse (archaic), cist (archasol.), kist
(Scot.); spec, sarcophagus, shell.

cogency, n. strength, power, force, wdght,
etc.

cogent, a. strong, powerful, good, fordble,
forceful, constraining, robustious (rare),
pregnant (archaic or literary), weighty,
trenchant (literary or rhetorical); spec, con-
vincing, urgent.
Antonyms: see unconvincing.

cogwheel, n. wheel, gearwhed, gear; spec,
lantern, wormwhed.

cohabit, V. i. Spec, chum (coUoq,), ^^Co"
habit" is chiefly spec.

coheir, n. heir^ coparcener, parcener.

cohere, v.i. 1. stick, adhere, consist (archaic) .

S. See AGREE.

coherent, a. 1. sticking, adherent, con-
sistent (rare).

S. See CONSISTENT.

cohesion, n. sticking, adherence, adhesion,
coherence, cohesiveness, consistence (rare).

lar Cross references: see Note.
coast, n.; shore.
coast, V. i : saU, dide, glide.
coast, V. L: sail.
coastal: littoral.
coating : coat, crust.
ooat of arms: arms.
cobble, n.; stone.
cobble, V. t.: pave.
cobble, V. t.: repair.
cobweb: network, filament.
cock, n.; turn, inclination.
cock, V. t.: turn, incline.
cockcrow: daybreak.
cocker: indulge.
cockerel: cock.

cock-eye: cross-eye.

cockscomb: crest, dandy.

cocksure: confident.

cocky: sdf-imnortant.

coddle: parboU, caress, cherish,
indulge.

codez: code, manuscript, book.

codger: fellow.

coenobite: religious.

coequal: equal, coordinate, co-
extensive.

coerce: compel.

coercible: compellable.

coercive: compulsory.

coeval; contemporaneous.

coffer: chesty cofferdam, treasury.

cogitable: thinkable.

cogitate, V. %.: think, consider.

cogitate, V. L: consider ^ devise.

cogitative: thinking-

cognate: r dated, analogous.

cognition: knowing, knowl-
edge, inttUigence.

cognisable: knowable,jur%8diC'
tional.

cognisance, n..* perception,
au>areness, intdligence, notice,
jurisdiction, badge.

cognisant: aware, conecioua.

cognomen: name.

cohesive: sticky.

cohort: division, band.

f^ See Notes of Explanation*

75

COIFFIFRE

iDter^eit.

ooU, n 1. Meaning a "series of rings":
spec inductoriiun, honk.
). wind, turn, ring, convolution, round,
curl, fold, loop, circumvolution, volut«
{chiefly spec.), volume (rare), twine, twist,
Lap; epee. bight, faka, bolater, baluster,
roU; see si-mAL.

«oiI, V, I. & i. wiod, loop, upcoil (rare).
Wist, fo'.d, lap, convolute (rare or kani&l) ,
curl, twine, clue (used wilh "up"; Tare);
vpec. roll, apire, BpiraJ (rare), wreath, en-
roll (rare), belay, fake.
Antonyms: see unwind,

ooln, n, I. Referring to money: piece,
ehinker {slang) ; spec, copper (oMoq.),
dump, doit, cart wheel (aiano), coach
wheel (slang, Bng^, mite, nickd {cxMoq.,
U. S.), dime, shilling, etc.
S. Referring to coins coUectvody: money,
specie; spec. Bilver, brass (dial, or coUog.),
cnink (slang), ^Id, tin (slang), change.

ttolm, V. t. 1. mint, strike, stamp, money

(rare); spec, contomiate, •^—^■^

a. See INVENT,

ooluolde, i;. i. 1. concur.
9. See AOKEE.

oolnotdenoe, Tl

tanoe, concourse (obs. or rare), conjunc-
tion, juncture, conjuncture (rare), syn-
drome (rare or obs.).

a. See COKTEMCORANTSOUBNESS, AGRGE-

ootniddent, a. concurrent, concomitant.

coiner, n. minter, moneyer (hiil.); spec.
counterfeiter.

Doia-ihaped, a. nummular, nununulated,
nummiform; — all tech. or learned,

cold. a. 1. chill; spec, cool, coolish^ crisp,
heatlesB (rare), chiUy, coldish, frigid, icy,
troien, glacial (rare), frosty, rimy, chilling,
freezing, frore (now poetic only), gelid (lil-
erary), arctic, polar, bleak, nipping,
aharp, raw, wintry.
Atdonyins: see hot, warm, heated,
i. Of a erealitre or permm: spec, chilly,
chill, chilled, frozen, frostbitteo.
t. unfeeling, frigid; spec, unemotional,
unsympathetic, neartleaa, unreaponsive,
indifferent, unimpaaaioned, stony; see

apathetic, BBPBLI,ENT, CHtTEL.

Antonyms: ace atpectionate, compas-

oold, n. 1. cbill. coldness; spec, cool, coulth
(rare or dial.), frost, chilUncss, gelidity
(rore or lilerary), frigidity, icincBS, coof-
nesa, golidncss (rare), frore (tiow only po-
etic), sharpness.
Antonyms: see HEAT, warmth.

<H>Uc n. bellyache (now ckiejiy vulgar),
gripes (pi.) muUigruba (pi.; joeuior), tor-
mina (tech.).

ooUapie. n. 1. Spec, cave-in (coUog.),
breakdown, downfall.

%. See FAILDBE, FALL, EXHAUSTION.

cHilIai, n. I. neckband, neckpiece; spec
carcanet, bertha, brecham (Scot.), collar. I
ctte, fall, ruff, gorget, tucker, Vandyke, 1
dicky (New Eiig.), torque or tore, fraise,
piccadill (obs.).

t. Sec BING.

coiiArboDe, n. clavicle (tech.), iugulum. I

(leek, and rare).
ooUared, a. torquale, i
collation, n. 1. See coi ,

S. Spec, harmony, diatessaron.
coUesgiie, n. associate (contexlii .,

fr^e (French); spec, duumvir, triumvir,

ooUeot, !>. t. 1. See

S. gather, aggregate, concentrate, eon-
center (rare); spec, scramble (esp. vrith
"up," "together, etc.), constellate (rare),
congest, dredge, rake (ean. with "together,"
"up," ejc.), muster, bundle, compile, skim,
scrape (esp. with "up," "together," etc.),
round (with "up"), collate, re-collect; see

ACCUMUUTB.

Antonyms: see bbpahatb, bcatter, dib-

■. See INFER, COMPOSE.
ooUeot, u. t. 1. See gather.
1. gather, mass; spec, concentrate, con-
glomerate, cluster, concenter, congest,

tion, concentration, compiktit.-.,

tion, collation, philately, combination;

Antonyma: see scattering, distribu-

TtON.

I. nkthering, a^egation, Ofs^egate. as-
semblage; spccruump, cluster, parcel, a^
sortment, lot, budget, mass, conseriea,
cothivies (litcTary), bejip, pack (aerogit-
lory), museum, number, con^omerat^
conglomeration, conglutination (rare),
combination (lUerary), codex (Latin),
code, chapter, crowd, drove, huddle,
jumble, bimch, concentration, body, cor-

I
I

COBffBINE

pus, round-up (U.S.A Australia) ^ sylloge
(rare), cumulation, harvest, file, list, con-
fluency, chrestomathy, quest, compila-
tion, dutter, concresence; see accumula-
tion, SET, CONCRETION.

4. See INFERENCE, SELfH^ONTRGL.

(»olle€tive, a. 1. aggregate, collected; spec.
concentrative, congregative.
Antonyms: see individual, separate,

SCATTERED.

S. See COMMON.

(»ollector, n. Referring to a collector of
taxes: tax-gatherer, toll-gatherer (rare or
obs.), pubUcan (chiefly Scriptural), toller
(obs. or rare), exacter (archaic), tollman
(rare); spec, scavenger (hist.), gabeller
(hist.), exciseman, procurator, proctor.

collide, V. i. 1. strike (usually with *^ to-
gether'*), meet (contextual), clash, hurtle,
mtershock (rare), interfere, knock, shock,
smash, impinge; spec, cannon, crash.
S. See conflict.

collision, n. 1. striking, impact (chiefly
tech.), impingement, meeting (contextual),
clash, hurtle, concussion, shock, smash
(coUoq.); svec. smash-up (coUoq.), crash,
jostle, dash.
S. See CONFLICT.

colloquial, a. conversational; spec, in-
formal.
Antonyms: see literary, pedantic,

FORMAL.

colloquial, n. conversationalism; spec, in-
formality, familiarism.

colonial, a. provincial (obs. or hist.).

colonist, n. settler, planter (hist.), trans-
migration (rare); spec, emigrant, immi-
grant, pilgrim.

colonization, n. settling, settlement,
plantation (rare).

colonize, t;. t. 1. settle, found, people,
plant.

5. Referring to the sending of people to

colonize: transport (chiefly spec!), settle;
spec, exile, bamsh.

colonnade, n. portico (chiefly spec.); spec.
gallery, choultry (Anglo-Indian), peri-
style, amphiprostyle, prostyle, octastyle,
enneastyle, aecastyle, dodecastyle, aroeo-
style, proaulion (archoeoL).

colony, n. settlement, plantation (rare).

color, n. 1. hue (poetic or rhetorical), tinc-
ture (chiefly spec); spec, discoloration,
lear, dye, undertone, yellow, blue, orange,
green, violet, purple, indigo, lavender,
pink, mauve, magenta, cerise, scarlet,

crimson, taupe, azure, vermilion, olive,
brown, gray, dun, etc.; see tint.

2. See PIGMENT, APPEARANCE, PRETEXT,
COMPLEXION, FLUSH, BADGE, FLAG, SA-
LUTE.

color, V. t. 1. encolor (rare), hue (poetic or
rhetorical), paint (spec, or fig.), dye (diiefly
spec.), stain (chiefly spec.), tone (chiefly
spec.); spec, discolor, tinge, tinct, tint,
bloom, complexion (rare), sip, distemper,
wash, crayon.

S. See MISREPRESENT.

coloration, n. colorature; spec, pigmenta-
tion, tonality, chromatism (tech.),

color-blindness, n. daltonism.

colored, a. 1. hued (j)oetic or rhetorical),
painted (orig. spec.), tinted, etc.
S. Spec, black, red, brown, negro, mulatto.

coloring, a. tingent (rare); spec, tinctorial,
dyeing, painting, staining.

colorless, a. achromatic (tech.), white,
hueless (rare), tintless (chiefly spec.); spec,
black.

colt, n. offspring (contextual), horse (conr
textured), foal, youngster (cant), patro
(Sp.); spec, filly (female).

column, n. pillar; spec, atlantes (pZ.), at-
las (sing.), cippus, telamon, caryatid; see

OBELISK, PILLAR.

comb, n. 1. Svec. card, ripple, ^bauchoir

(French), heckle, hackle, hatchel, gill

(cant).

S. See CREST.
combative, a. contentious, pugnacious,

miUtant, belligerent; see quarrelsome.
Antonyms: see peaceful, pacific
combination, n. 1. See union, mixture,

COOPERATION, CONSPIRACY.

S. In commerce, politics, etc.^ referring to
the action: union; spec, syndication, pool-
ing, coalition, fusion, merger.
S. aggregate, union; spec, (card games)
tenace, pair, full house, run, flush, etc.;
see COMPOSITE, series, group.
4. association (which see), ring, set, union,
company, party; spec, conjunction, com-
bine (colloqi., U. S!), syndicate, cartel or
(German) itartel, camarilla, Camorra,
cabinet, trust, ring (chiefly U. S.), cabal,
faction, clique, coalition, consolidation,
fusion, merger, duumvirate, triumvirate,
junto, junta (rare), cave (slang).

combinatory, a, combinational, ooaduna-
tive (rare).

combine, v. t. & i, 1. See unite, mix,

ASSOCIATE.

Cross references: sec Note.
oollMStlTlsm: aocialim,
colleen: girl.
oollei^iate: academic
oolllmate: aliffn.
ooUooate: place.
colloid: gdatinaua.

oolloqay: conversation.
ooUade: conspire.
ooUasive: conspiratory,
colossal: gioarUic
colossus: giarU.
coma: stupor ^ deep,
comatose: stupefied.

comb, 9. %,: break.
combat, n.: fight, oofUesf, con-
tention.
combat, 9..* fiightt contend.
combatant, a.: fighting.
combatant, n..* fighter.
comber: breaker.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

77

X. In commerce, polities, etc.: unite; spec.
syndicate, conBOlidate, merge, pool, fuse.
combustible, a. Spec, burnable, tindery,
infl&nunable.
Antonyms: see iNCOMBDHTiBtji.

, V. i. 1. approach, hither (rare), al-
r archaic), advene (lilerary);
spec, immigrate.
Anitmjfms: see depart.

f. See AKBIVE, ARISE, APPBAH, RBBtTLT,
EUANATG, HAPPEN, FOLLOW, BECOME,
DESCEND, DERIVE, ACCRUE, IMUtUUATE,
?, REACH, YIELD.

S> fall ; — as a disease, calamity, etc,
«omIart, n. t. See aid, cheek.
>. comfortableness, ease, self-ease (rare),
luxury; spec, peace, eatisfyingnesa (rare),
reatfulneas, cozinesa, content, enjoyment;

COHBCSTIBLB

Antonyms:

PAIN.

1. Of things that give ..

(rare), luxury; spec, solace, rest, satisfac-
tion, relief, convenience.
Antonyms: see trouble, annoyance.
oamlort, ». (. 1. See cheer.
S. ease, recomfort (archaic); spec, rest,
satisfy, quiet; see reueve.
Antonyma: see kaaasb, dibcouport,

oomfortable, a. 1. cheering, pleasant,
self-satisfied.

I. easy, easeful, well, luxurious; spec.
coKy, satisfactory, satisfying, assuring,
roomy, snug, convenient, restful.
Antonyms: see tTNCOMPOiiTABLE, dib-

, 1. 1. »Mc.cheerer,BOlaoer,Bider,
helper; spec. Holy Spirit. Cf. aid, cheer.

oomlo, a. comical; spec, burlesque, far-
cical; see p~ "
Antonyms:

t. Coming in space: nearing;

1. Coming
proaching,

FDTOKE.
DomlnEi n. _.

t. As to time: approach, appropinquatioD

(fig.; afchaic), ajivent; spec, advance.

t. As to apace: accession (iu>w rare); see

t. Referring to the faealty: control, au-
thori tati veneas.

oommandn, n. controller (rar«), chief,
leader, captain {chiefly spec); spec, com-
mandant, chiliarch, centurion, tagus,
here toga, hetman, drungar, hipparch,
killadar, lochage or lochagus, sirdar, pro-
consul, decurion, enomotarch. commen-
dodor, sbogun, tajdurch, commodore.

aoiniiian<Iei>ln>oIilel. n. generalissimo
(rare or spec), generaliaaima (/em.); spec.

cammaindlmc, a. bidding (rare), magia-
l«rial (bookish or kamed), imperative,
mandative, niandatory, jussive (rare),
peremptory, preceptive.

commemoTstlTe. a. memorial, recorda-
tive (rare), memorative (rare), celebrative

commeiual, n. iSpec. companion, (conlczf-
val). messmate, guest, inquiline (tech.;
rare), trenchmate. "Commensal" is rare.

oomment, v. i. <& t. remark, observe, com-
mentate (rare), animadvert {literary;
chiefly spec.), descant (literary), opine
(atuleid or humorous); spec, discourse,
touch, gloaa (rare), interpose, interject.

oomment, n. remark, observation, reflec-
tion, note, animadversion (rare or literary;
chiefly spec), commentary (chieflj/ spec.),
descant {^lilerary), discourse; spec, scholi-
asm, whisper, nothing, interjection, gos-
sip, exegesis, gloss; see annotation,

oommeccial, a. mercantile, mercurial (lit-
erary), mercatorial (rare); spec, shoppy,

oomnieiaial traveler, drummer, barman,
traveler (contextual), rider (obs.).

oommlnate, v, I. reduce, fritter (rare),
fine (rare); spec, grind, grate, bray, tritu-
rate, pulverize, crush, crumb, crumble,
harrow, buck (mining), mince, haah.
Antonyms: see xjnitb.

oommiadaii, n. 1. warrant, certificate
(conieituai); spec, brevet.
9. See aobncy.

S. authorization (contextTiol): spec, errand,
mission, message, duty, charge; «ee order.
4. allowance, pay, fee; spec, dastoori or
dustoori {East India), rake-off (slan^).

oombatUon: iu™

oonMdyi drama
oonulr: eMd-t«*fn
oanu-oatm diiim

iNole.

nioklt.
mandB-.

oommliiBt*: IhreaUn.

I
I

I

fS' See Kotw or Eipluutiou.

COMMUNICATION

S. In a bad or evil sense: doing (often with
**of'), perpetration, commitment (rare),
conmiittal (obs.).
oommit, V. t, 1. deliver, consign, intrust or
entrust, trust, confide, commend, recom-
mend, refer (rare); spec, resign, transfer,
recommit, leave.
Antonyms: see withdraw.

S. See REFER, DELEGATE, COMPROMISE.

S. consign (as to memory , loriting, etc.),
reduce.

4. send, consign, remit (rare), remand;
spec, condemn, relegate; see condemn,

IMPRISON.

Antonyms: see free.

5. /n a bad or euU sense: do, perpetrate;
spec, sin (a sin), cut (as in *'to cut up
pranks*^).

oommitment, n. 1. delivery, consign-
ment, consignation, committal, intrust-
ment, confiding, commendation; spec.
resignation, transfer.
2. See reference, delegation, bind-
ing, SENDING, imprisonment.

S. warrant (for imprisonment), mittimus,
condemnation, relegation.

4. Referring to the document: warrant,
mittimus.

5. consignment (as to memory, wrUing,
etc.), reouction, committal.

commodity, n. thing (contextual); spec.
ware, drug (as in "a drug on the market").

common, a. 1. general, universal, mutual
(properly only of ttoo); spec, commutual,
reciprocal, jomt, collective.
2. popular, exoteric (learned), vulgar (ob-
solescent); see public.
Antonyms: see individual.
S. usual, ordinary, standard, regular, pre-
vailing, vulvar (obsolescent); spec, fre-
quent, familiar; see habitual.
Antonyms: see unusual, extraordi-
nary, unfamiliar, especial, extreme.

4. inferior, ordinary, trivial (rare or ar-
chaic), vulgar; spec, popular, low, base,
unrefined, commonplace, illiterate; see
plebeian, coarse.

Antonyms: see aristocratic, exclu-
sive.

5. In grammar: epicene (a loose and im-
proper use).

commonplace, n. 1. banality, triviality
(now rare), prosaism, twaddle, prosai-
cism, prose, cabbage (fig. or slang); spec.
platitude (rare or spec?), fadaise (French),
truism.
Antonyms: see oddity.

2. topic; «pee. qaotation; see bating.

commonplace, a. everyday, common, or-
dinary, hackneyed, thr^tdbare, stale,
tame, trite, trivial (now rare), banal, ple-
beian (literary), Philistine (literary), prose,
prosy, prosaic; spec, exoteric, platitudi-
nous, pedestrian, dull, monotonous, sober.
Antonyms: see odd, unusual^ originai..

commonplace, v. i. platitudimze (rare or
learned), twaddle.

common- sense, n. imderstanding (con-
textual), mother wit, sense, horse sense
(coUoq.), Kumption (coUoq., U. S.), spvey
or savy (dang).
Antonyms: see nonsensb.

commotion, n. 1. See agitatign.
2. disturbance (contextual), stir, breeze
(coUoq.), fuss, ferment, wdter, turmoil,
hurly-burly (now undignified), disorder,
pother, ado, tempest (fig.); see bustle.
Antonyms: see calm.
S. Spec, sea (as in *'there was a sea on"),
rip, bobble, chop.

communicable, a. 1. impartible, convey-
able; spec, teachable, transferable; see
catching.

2. See COMMUNICATIVE.

communicant, n. Eccl.: communicator,
communionist, communer (esp. U, S.),
partaker; spec, kneeler.

communicate, t;. t. 1. impart, convey,
give, carry, confide j spec, deliver, tele-
phone, tell, say, write, narrate, express,
send, telegrapn, cable, signal, wigwag,
heUograph, sing, break, shout, transmit,
etc.; see carry.

2. In reference to disease, emotions, etc.:
impart, convey, give, transmit.
S. Ecd.: house! (hist.).

communicate, v. i. 1. Ecd.: partake, com-
mune (esp. U. S.), receive.
2. Referring to persons: converse (runo
chiefly spec.), intercommunicate, inter-
commune (rare); spec, intermessa^ (rore),
correspond, deal, cable, talk, write, etc.;

see CONVERSE.

S. Referring to places joined by 'passage-
ways, etc.: connect, intercommunicate.
communication, n. 1. impartation, im-
partment (rare), conveyance, giving; spec,
transmittal, transmission, sending, tell-
ing^ saying, writing, narration.
2. intelligence (rare); spec, message, tele-
gram, cable (colloq.), wire (colloq.), cable-
gram, confidence, secret, news, informa-
tion; see LETTER, MESSAGE.
S. See INTERCOURSE, PASSAGE.

fS^ Cross references: see Note.

oommittal: commitment, refer-
ence, delegation, binding, com-
mission.

oommlttee: trustee, body.

oommiz: mix.

oommodlous: roomy, convenient.
oommodlty: convenience, thing,

goods.
oommonalty: people.

oommonwealth: community,

stcUe.
commiinitlUm; socialism.
oommiine, n.; people.
oommune, v. %.: converse.

IS' See Notes of EipUuiation.

79

OOUKUmOATIVB

i. Referring to the relation of jilacee joined
by jxMiogeviaj/s, etc.: connection, inter-
coRuniini ca tiou.

I. Referring to diseatea, ideas, etc.: an-
partation, giving, conveyiuice, tranamia-
aion ; spec, infection, contagion.

cotmnunloatlTe, a. communicutory, com-
municable, tranamittive (rare); spec.
chatty.
Antonyms; see reticent.

CO min union, n. I. See coUMUNm, 87M-

PATHY, INTBRCOCBSB, ASSOCIATION.

>. Eed.: liturgy, oelebration, con«lebra-
tioo, Eucharist, Sacrament, Lord'a Sup-
per, Eulogia (hist.), Masa.

Dommanity, n. 1. communion, solidarity
{literary); spec, sharing, partnerahip,
society.

1. group, body, society, conmion wealth;
spec. biKly pohtic {tech.), state, ucighbur-
hood, preceptory, phaiaJiatery.

oompBAt, a. 1. See coufosed, concise.
a. dense, consistent, solid, close, crass
{obsolescent), maaaive {diiefiy spec, and
tech.), gross {literaryand fig); spec, heavy,
rf, woofy (rare), packed, snug, tight,

S;'

Antonyms: see fori
S. Referring to things or their arrange-
Tnent, as rooms, a house, etc.: close, tight,
snug, neat; spec, packed.

oompuctiieii, n. I. density, body, con-
Bief«nce, consistency, denseness {rate),
solidity, closeness, conaolidatioa, thick-
ness, compactedneaa, heavineaa, couja-
cency {Tare), enugness, etc.
t. neatness.

oompaiilon, n. associate {contextual) ,
abadow {Jig. of spec.), company; xpee.
match, compeer {rare), commensal, es-
cort, chaperon, accomplice, symbiont,
attendant, mate; see bpddse, comrade.

oompanlonnble, a. livable, boon (rare or
archaic); spec, clubable; see sociabi^,

CONVIVIAL.

oompsnloiuhip, n. association, fellow-
ship, intercourse, company, mateship
(rare), society; Bpec. symbiosis.

oompanlonwaiy, n. staira, pasaageway; —
both conieitiial.

company, n. 1. See

I ASSOClATtON,

a. assembly, association, party {coUoq. or
spec.), crowd {coUaq., U. S. and Bnlish
colmiu) , boodle {contemptvous), aack {aA-
U>g.), lot {contemptuous), consort {nba. or
archaic), fellowship {archaic or rare, exc.

epcc), number (conieifuoi), rout (i
diiefiy poetic); spec, bevy, flock, covey,
kennel, gang, set, mob, herd, brood, ci
horde, troop, troupe, platoon, aquad, .,
hort, gaggle {deriiive), circle, suiU, con-
course, vexitlum, turma, t^m, Iianse,
watch, table, caravan, faction, taxis, vex-
illation (rare), mess, cavalcade, ctaqt
command, posae.

oomparatlve, a. relative (contextual), col-
lative {tech.); spec, contrastive.

oompar*, v, t. 1. collate, parallel, balance,
poralieliKe (rare), counterpoise, paragon
{archaic or poetic), measure, confront,
confer {obs., exe. as imperalitie, and usu-
ally in oMr, "cf."); spec, equal (i '
equate (rare); see contrast, uken.
2. In grammar: inBect.

compare,!'. t.matob; spec. vie.

Gomparlaon, n. 1. See likening.
9. collation, confrontation, parallelism,
dissimile (rare), simile, contraat, equating,
balance, compare {wUh "past" or "m-

t. parable (orcAaic), simihtude, porabole
(ran.'), balance, simile, paroUcliiation
(rare); spec, diaaimile.

oompartment, n. division, chamber, par-
tition; spec, pane, pigeonhole, cell, coupfi
{French), locker, coffer, bay, severy, en>
bayment (rare), well; see panel.

oompass, n. 1. See sorNDAHY, ciSCOM-
ferencb, area, bound, circuit.
S. sweep, scope; see reach.
t. extent, range; itimuaic: range, soope,
sweep, gamut, register {of the voice),
diapason

1. Naut,: needle {fi^.), pyxis {rare), box
{fig.; collog,); spec, dial.

compasBlon, n. I. sympathy, kindness,
bowela (pi.; obsolescent or liierary), com-
miseration, pity, rue (arehaic), ruth {liter-
ary or archaic), heart, tenderness, pite-
ousness (archaic), pitifulneaa, mercy.

Antonyms: see criieltt, Ualevolence,

I. 5ees-_

compasHionatv, a. sympathetic, kind.
tender, pitiful, commiserative, ruthful
{archaic), piteous (orcAatc), compassive

Antonyms: see CNFEELiNa, cncompas-

FCTL, CRtTEL, COLD, RELENTLESS.

oompaaalonate, v. I. pity, commiserate,
bcpity {intensiv!).
Antonyms: see congratulate.

XS" Sob Notss nl EipUaatlon.

I, t, 1. force, oblige, ncceaaitate,

t ooeice, make {wilk the infin.initluml "to").
coact irare), coarct (rare), drive, cnfc
(oTChaie or literary). conatraJn, impd,
move, ear (Seof.), aistresa (rare), com-
pulse (eisoUtcerU): spec, conjure, concuea
lelaefiy Scot.), druia, distrain, hunger
{rare), reduce.
Anlonymt: see coax, cajole, ask.

X. See DEMAND,

DDinpetlable, a. enforceable, coercible,
conatrainable.
Artloni/ms: see UNTiBLDiNa.

eompelled, a. forcai, obUged, constrained,
beholden {archaic), vain (mwi literary).

oompesiate, v. l. 1. offset, count^irbal-
ance, balance, redress {rare), counter-
poise, countervail; spec, recoup, redeem.
1. pay {amte2:lual), requite, repay, rec-
ompense, guerdon (poetic or rhetorical),
reward, remunerate; spec, restitute (rare),
indemnity, recoup; see RBTRiflirrB.

oompeiuktloD, n. I. offset, setr-oS, bal-
ance, counterbalance, countervaiUng,
oaunterpoise; spec, recoupment, redemp-
tion.
ArUonyms: see loss.

t. pay (contextual), payment {contexturl),
recompenae, repayment, requital; spee.
amends, indemnity, indemnincation, sat-
isfaction, reward, reparation, justice,
solatium, honoranum, recoupment, res-
titution; see RETBiBunoN.

oompenaatoTy, a. Jtaying (crmtexlual) ,
compensative, reparative, amendatory,
indemnifies tory, etc.

cwinpete, f. i. contend, strive; spec. race.

oompetttlon, n. contest, contention, ri-
vaJahip, riv^ry, rivahsm (rare), rivality
(rare), concurrence (note iised as French);
spee, trial, handicap; see race, ebiuiiA-

TION.
Antonyms: see coBperation.
competitor, n. contestant, rival, antag-
onist, concurrent (now chiefly used aa
French); spec, field (compeOloTs collec-
tuiely: jig. or spec); spee. entrant; see

HACER.
oompUatliin, n. composition (contextual),

recueil {French); spec, customary or cus-

tumal, anthology.
oomplle, V. t. compose, quilt (rare; Jiff.).
oomplaln, v. i. murmur, grunt, grumble,

gruntlo {rare), grutch (archaic), lament,

repine {chiefly spec), plain (archaic);

tpec. moan, groan^ growl, grouse (collog.),

scold, mutter, whine.
Antonyms: see rejoice.

oomplalnlng, n. faultfinding, complain-

tive (rare), murmuring; spec, grumbling,

growling, grousing (toUog.).
oamplalnlnB, a. 1. See AILINO.

S. grumbly (coBoq.), querimonious {liter-

ary); spec, querulous, peevish.
oomplalnt, n. 1. See aiuuent.

9. murmuring, grumbling, <

lament, lamentation, plaint {littrary),

?;uerimony (rare), plain (archaic), repimng
chiefly spec); s-pec. growl, grunt, whine.
S. accusation, charge, plaint (tiUrary or
la-w); spec, information, grievance.
oomplslssnt, a. complacent (<A»(Ae»c),
agreeable (conlexlaal) , pliant, soft,
smooth, yielding, supple, facile {lileraTy),
subservient, buxom (archaic), easy^ weak,
doughfaced {coUoq.), courtly, yielding;
spec, gracious, condescending, exorable,
submissive; see obuginq, obedient.
Autonyms; see perverse, obstinate,

nlBPUTATlOOB, UNTIELDING, UNACCOMMO-
n ATI NO, DISOBEDIENT, CONTHOVEBSIAL.

oainpIenient,n. 1. See couPLETiON, CROWN.
S. total, tale; spec. ca<lre (French; mii.).

complete, a. 1. full, entire, perfect, inte-
grate (rore), integral (rore), round
(chiefly spec); spec, intact, self-contained,
dead, orbed (rare), orbicular; see whole,

ABSOLUTE, THOSOUQH.

Antonyms: see incomplete,

INITIAL, CONDITIONAL, IMPBRPECT.
i. See flNIBKED, ACCOMPLISHED.

oompiete, v, t. I. consummate, totalize,
complement (rare), round (used chiefly
with "out"), integrate: spec, mature,
crown, cap, perfect, perfectionate (rare).
ATUonyjiis: see begin.

oompUtetl,
spee. mature, npe.

eompletelr, adv. 1. fully, entirely, rip
(archaic or dial.), quite; spec integral
perfectly, consummately, roundly, cap
pie (French), out, altogether.

t. See ABSOLUTELY, WHOLLY, THC

perfected,

eompletlon, n. 1. consummation, perfec-
tion, complement (rore), integration;
spec, maturement (rare).
Antonyms: see beginninq.
». Referring to the stale: consummation,
eJc. (aa in sense I, above), full, integrity;
spec, infinity, maturity.
1. Referring to the eompleiing thing: com-
plement, completory (rare); spec, cope-
stone, coronation (rare or literary), crown,
finish, correlate.

t^ Cnai n/trtnoi: •« Note.
oompw,n.: tqml.

1 ooraiMt*: ro-r

'■ii.

u. l^aUfi.

e NotM of EiplanatlDi]

COMPLETIVE

I

a. completory (rare), perfec-
nmative, complemeDtury.

oomplBx, a. 1. See composite.
S. complicated, oompUcate, intricate,
perpleted, involute (rare), involved; spec,
entangled, knotty, mazy, ineirtricabie. de-
oomplex, dtedal, DiedaliaD, Gordian,
craboed.
Anlimyms: see

oomplax. n. 1. See coupostTG.
S. complexUH (rare), complication, corn-
pages (rare), complexity, complexus; spec,
network, web, tangle, snarl, in tangle-
ment, node, maee, lAyrinth.

oomplexloii, n. 1. Of the skin: hue (now
almoBt equiu. to "color"), color, blee
(orcAoic).

I. See APPEARANCE, ASPECT.

oomplexloiied, a. complected {diaX. or col-
log., U. S.), hued.

Dompleztty, n. 1. complexnesB (rare), per-
plexity, complicatedness, complication,
complicaoy, complicity (rare), involution,

9. See

oompllknt, a. conformable, compilable
(noto rare), gpee. resigned; see complai-

BANT, OBBDIENT.

ATilonyma: )iee disobedient.
oompUcAte, v. t. perplex, intrical* (rore),
involve, complex, compound; apec. em-
barrass, entangle, Jnlertangle {rare), inter-
lace, decompound.
Antonyms: see siuplift.
eompllcltr. n. association, privity, guilt.

AnUm^fmB: see innocence.
oompUment, n. I. praise (amiexluat),
honor (amtextutd); apee. encomium, eu-
logy, tribute, panegyric, flattery, com-
mendation, ovation.
ATitonyms:

a. In pi.: see rebpbct,

oompllment, v. t. I. praise (contextual),
honor (contextti^); spec, commend, con-
gratulate, eulogize, flatter, favor.

Antonjprit: see nisPARAaE, censure,
reprove, condemn.
a. See present, bestow.

comply, V. I. conform {used unih "to"),
yield; see obey.

oomponent, a. constituent, constitutive,
compositional (rare), ingredient, integral
(chiefly spec,), integrant (chiefly spec);
spec, partial, elemental.

oompoaent, n. port, constituent, ingre-
dient, principle, element, material; spec.

Qompose, V, t. 1. make (ctm/extuo/), consti-
tute, form, compound, compact, build
{chiefly spec); spec, synthesiie, construct,
weave, fabricate, mix.
Antonyna: see analyze, DisiNTEaRATE.
i. produce, make, do, indite (teamed),
frame, build, gignale (rare ajtd jocutar),
prroare; spec, write, draw, redact, twist,
address, compile, recompose, collate, con-
flate (rare), aonneiiKC (rare), dash (used
wilh "og"), scribble, hexiunetrize, score,
precompose, fable; see coupile, exteu-

FORIZE.

In printing: set.

■. calm (contexlwU), collect, recover, rec-
ollect (pron. rek-o-lekt'), recall.

oompaie, it. i. Spec write, sonnetiie, son-
net, sonneteer, pmnphletize, elegize, epi-
taph, epigrammatist, epilogizo or epilo-
guize (rare), prose, poetiie.

oomposed, a. 1. constituted, formed, com-
pact or compacted (arcAatc), compagi-
nated (rare).

a. calm (amtextual), collected, self-pos-
seased, cool; see pbacbfui,.
Antonyms: see excited, UTJBAflT,

oompoier, n. 1. maker, doer, poet {rare or
archaic), constructor, constructer (rare),
frumer, former, builder.
9. author {which lee); spec, melodist,
raelodramatist, symphomst, hymniat,
hymnodiat, harmonist.
t. In music: author.

compoitte, a. compound, complex (nr-
chaic), concrete (liierary or spec.), decom-
posite (lech.), complicate (archaic); spec.
decompoimd, colonial, poly zoic, polyge-
nous, conflate {lilerary criticism).
AnUmT/ms: see simple.

oompoilte, n. compound, composition.

tion (rare or spec.), combination, compost
(literary); spec, breccia, conglomerate,
compoaitum, motley, conserve.
compOHltion, n. 1. preparation (context-
ual), constitution, make-up, making,
formation, confection (rare), compaction
(rare), synthesis (kamed), framing, com-
pounding, building; spec, dispensation;

I

Atihnyma: see a
I. Referring to the ditliruAive character:
constitution, make, make-up.

»- Cron TcfcrtK

I mmpllintlcni; etrmvUixt^.

« HotM ol ExplBnatloB.

CONCEIT

4. production, authorship, writing, indit-
ing or inditement (learned); spec, in-
vention, imagination, conflation; see

COMPILATION.

5. In music: spec, instrumentation, hym-
nology, hymnody, songcraft.

6. Referring to literary productions: pro-
duction, preparation, piece, opus; spec.
work, opuscule, screed, brochure, paper,
discourse, disouisition^ effusion, disserta-
tion, tract, oisputation, essay, thesis,
theme, treatise, tractate, study, fiction,
poem, novel, sequence, prose, exercise,
elucubration (rare)^ lucubration (often hvr
morous)j conflation (archaic), pastoral,
scribble, thing (contemptuous), morceau
(French) f Balaam, extravaganza, niminy-
piminy, dithyramb, descant, diatribe.

7. Referring to musical productions: pro-
duction, opus; spec, compilation, drama,
oratorio, concertino, concerto, aria, fugue,
study, sonata, sonatina, nocturne, inter-
mezzo, madrigal, duet, quartet, sextet,
morceau (French) ^ melologue (rare), med-
ley, melopoeia.

8. In art: spec, relief, relievo, alto-re-
lievo, basso-relievo, statue, painting,
etching, etc.

9. typesetting, typography.
compositive, a. constitutive, synthetical;

spec, retextive (logic; rare).
Antonyms: see analytical.

compositor, n. composer, typesetter; spec.
typothetffi (pi.),

composure, n. caJm (contextual), collec-
tion, recollection, self-possession; see

BALANCE, PEACE.

compotation, n. drinking (contextual),
symposium; spec, carouse.

comprehensive, a, 1. See inclusive, un-
derstanding.

S. lar^e, wide, extensive, broad, general,
sweeping, expansive; spec, all-embracing.
Antonyms: see narrow.

compromise, n. 1. arrangement (context-
ual)y composition.
S. See arrangement, concession.

compromise, v. t. 1. arrange (contextual) ^
compound.

S. See ENDANGER.

S. prejudice, commit.
comptroller, n. controller; spec, steward,

auditor.
compulsion, n. forcing, obligation, neces-

sitation, coercion, coaction (rare), coarc-
tation (rare), constraint, impulsion (rare),
force (chiefly spec.), r^uction, enJforce-
ment; spec, necessity, concession (chiefly
Scot.), distraint.

Antonyms: see coaxing, cajolert.
compulsory, a. 1. comp>ellent (rare), ob-
ligatory, necessitative, coercive, impera-
tive, coercionary (rare), coactive (rare),
constraining^ impelling, moving, imperi-
ous; spec, violent.

8. forced, enforced, obligatory.
Antonyms: see optional.

computable, a. calculable, coimtable,
numerable, reckonable, etc.

computation, n. 1. calculation, reckon-
ing, accoimt (now only in a few phrases, as
^^money of account"), computus (hist.);
spec, estimation, counting, recoimt, tell-
ing (archaic), numbering, numeration,
enumeration, denumeration (rare), divi-
sion, multiplication, subtraction, calcu-
lus, indigitation (rare), supputation
(rare), ciphering, rhabdology, day tale or
daytal or datal (local Eng.), expansion,
capitation, logistics; see addition.
S. Referring to the result arrived at: result,
account, calculation, reckoning; spec.
score, sum, quotient, multiple, estimate.

computative, a. calculative; spec, enu-
merative, numerative.

compute, V, t. & i. calculate, reckon: spec,
count, recount, figure, tell (archaic), nu-
merate, enumerate, cast, number, con-
numerate (rare), divide, multiply, sub-
tract, cipher (coUoq., U. S,), estimate,
tally; see add.

comrade, n. associate, companion, fellow,
f rater (Latin); spec, contubemal, mess-
mate, roommate, crony (intimate), coach-
fellow, playmate, playfellow, chum (coir
log.); see intimate.

concede, v. 1. 1. See acknowledge, grant,

RELINQUISH.

S. allow, grant, yield.
conceit, n. 1. conception.

9. judgment, opinion.

S. conceitedness, self-esteem, self-com-
placency, self-conceit, self-exaltation, in-
flation, self-pleasing (rare\ self-glorifi-
cation, self-sufficiencv, sufficiency, self-
satisfaction, self - acuniration, megalo-
mania, egotism, vanity, egoism (rare),
overweening, overweemngness, outrecui-

Cross references: see Note.

compost: fertilizer.

compote: preserve.

eompound, n.: indoaure.

oompound, a.: compoaite.

compound, n.; compoaite, de-
rivative.

compound, v. t.: compoae,
complicate, arrange, pay.

comprehend: under atand, in-
dude, imply. [able.

comprehensible: underatand-

comprehenslon; underatand-
ing, intelligence, induaion.

compress, v. t.: aqueeze, con-
dense, crowd, cona<Hidate, con-
atrid, abridge.

comprise: indude.

compunction: regret.
compunctious: regretful.
concatenmte: conned.
concatenation: connection^

aeriea.
concave: hollow, hole.
conceal: hide.
concealed: hidden, aecret.
concealnient: hiding, aeerecy.

tS' See Notes of Eiq^lanation.

S3

ATlionyme:

4. See IMAaiNATlON.

E. notion, caprice, quip, quirk, fancy, de-
vice (archaic), crochet, maggot, crank,
trick; see caprice.

Donoalted, a. aelf-complacent, Belf-eatis-
fied, self-pleaaed, self-conceited, egotia-
ticaJ (rare), egotistic, vain, overweening,
priggish, self-opinionated, Belf-opiuioned,
self^ufficient, inflated, blown (liicrary),
conceity (eoliiiq., chiefly Sa>l,).
ATUonyms: see bashfoi., mooebT.

oonoelve, v. t. I. forn) (in the VMrmb).
t. form (iKifteniind), frame, ideate (rore),
brain (rare).
t. See

1, UNBER-

oono«ptu«a, a. concept! ve, concipient
oonoert, n. 1. See codPERATiON, coNSPnt-

ACT, AGREEMENT.

S. entertainment, consort (o&«. or hisl.);
tpec. aubade {Freneli.), madrigal, serenade,
recital.
oonceialoii, n. 1. Sea accession,

ACKNOWLEDGMENT, EEl,mqTnBHMENT,

S. allowance, ^nting, grant, yielding;
epec. compromise.
oouolUkte, V. f. t,vin.lJtB)OT,aj>eTsim,elc.),
I person; ealloq.); epec. curry

oonoiacaflBi, a. brevity, ehortnesa (eon-
Uxlual), concision (rare), syntomy (rare),
Hhortoess (eonUilual), terseness, conuna-
tism (kamed), succinctnesa, compactness;
epec. laconjsm, eU.

oouciuds, V. l. t. See end, infer, decide.
S. effect, make, drive, close; epec. com-
pound,
.Autonyms.- see abousr, prevent.

conclmlon, n. 1. See end, event, infeb-

conG«iitrBt«, V. t. 1. concenter (rare),
strengthen; spec, reconcentrate; see dis-
till, INTEN80T,CONDENaB,i7NiTE, poena.
AvionyTTis: see bepasate, scatter, dis-
perse, DIPFUBE.

1. ReJeTTing to Ihe mind, attention,
etc.: focus (jig.), consolidate (j5p.),
lect; spec, rally, localize; ^ee appl'

concentrated, a. Spec, condensed,
(.of a person), fixed, intensified, etc.
Antonyms.- see diptuse.

conoeptlan,T(. 1. conceiving; spec.
fetation or superfoetation,
a. Spec, embryo, fetus or fcetus.

a, reconcile (as Cheoriea, differences).
•. See PACIFY,
oonoise, a. brief (contexlvai), terse, ci
denecd, short (conUxUud), pithy, com-
pact, sententious, compressed, succinct,
Bummar}'; spec, laconic, holophrastic,
curt, epigrammatic, compendious.

Ariionyms: see PROUX, WORDY, VBK-

3. effecting, making, closing, effectuation.

Goncoot, V, t. devise (contextual), prepare,
invent, brew, plan; jee plan.

oonoootlon, tl. I. devising, preparation
(conlexiiia[), planning, invention, brewing.
t. device, preparation, invention; spec.
lie, mixture, dose, scheme, plot.

oonoomitant, a, accompanying, concur-
rent; ajiec. simultaneous, coincident, coex-
istent, accessory; see contemporaneods.

oonooiuie, n. I. As to persons or animaie:
confluence, conflux, ooneurrence, con-
gress (rare); gee gathbring.

». See CONFLOKNCE, JUNCTION.

Doncrete, a. 1. See composite, ACTUAL,

1. In reference to numbers; material (theol.
and phihs.), denominate (rare).
ooncrete, n. I. composite, compound, cod-

i. Spec, conglomerate, beton, tabby,
ferroconcrete, asphalt.
oonoietlon, n. 1. See BOUDinCATION,

t, Tlie thine formed: collection (context-
ual), concrement (rare), concrescence
(rare), concrete (obsolesc); spec, calculus,
knot, congelation, accretion, crystallisa-
tion, geode, dacryolite, dacryolitfi.
oonoubinBEe. n. cohabitation; spec,
helajrism, belairism.

I
I

tW See NstM ot Eipluutlon.

I mBd*iiin« c. t. I. disapprove (ccntextual),
diHoommend (rare), reprubatc, disallow
{archaic), disfavor, reprehend, diacouute-
nance, deDounce, deprecate; iipfc. anath-
emaliie, damn {archaic; very strong, or
vidgar), hoot, hiaa;
AnUmyma:

9. sentence, doom, judge {aba.), adjudge;

spec, damn (archaic), lag (can!).

S. coDfiign, commit {contextual), devote,

4. See

condemnKble, a, 1. disapprovable, dis-
allowable, damnable {archaic, very ulrrnig,
orvuigor); wi: biamable, REFBEHsiNsmij:.
S. coavictable, adjudgeable,
■. consignable, committable, devotable.

ooDdenuiaitloa, n. I. disapprobation, dis-
commendation (rare), reprehension, dis-
approval, frown, reprobation, deprecia-
tion, damnation (very tlrong or rndgar);

AfiUmym^: see

PRAISE, AOUIBATION, COU-
PUMENT.

%. conviction, convictment {rare), sen-
tence, doom, judgment (rare).
1. consignment, commitment (context-
vol), committal, doom (rare).
oondemnatory, a. I. disapprobatory,
damnatory, reprobative, reprehensive,
deprecatory; see censorious.
ArOonyma: see approving, lathiatory,

PBAieiNO.

S. consignatory, devotive, doomful.
eond«niattaii, n. 1. thickening, concen-
tration, coercion (tech., and chiefly spec);
ipec. liquefaction (of a gas), distillation,
inspissation, solidification,
a. abridgment, abbreviation, compres-
sion, concentration.
Antonyms;

eondsDse. v. t. A i. I. thicken, concentrate,
density {rare), coarct (rare); epec. in-
spissate, liquefy; see distill, ihjlidipt.
ArUonj/ms: see dilute, evaporate,

Antonyms: «es develop, E

«ODd«>c«Dd, V. i. stoop, deign, descend,
vouchsafe.

oondesoendfnc, a. gracious (of very ex-
ailed persons).
Antonyms: see arhoGaiW.

condesoenBlon, n, 1. Refetrinu to an
action or loan act: stoop.
S. coudcBcendence, gradousness, grace;
spec, complaisance.

oondition, n. 1. provision, proviso, pre-
requisite^ postulate, precondition; spec.
assumption, contingency, terms (pL), de-
feasance, stipulation.
>. .See qoALiFiCATio.-J, state, bamk.

ae of "to carry on as an enter-
operate, carry {often with
%," etc.); spec, purfi, drive.

<M>ndltlaiud, a. subject, conditioned, pro-
visional, provisory, pro visionary , pre-
requisite; spec, contingent, dependent.
Antonyms: see absolute, coupubtb.

S. In these

ooudnotor, 71. 1. See LEADER, OttlDE, E3-

a. guard (on a train; Eng.); spec, tripper.
I. transmitter, conveyor; spec, cable,
lead, bus, buster.

con«-shaped, a. conical, conic, coniform
{rare).

oonfeotlon, v. I. prepare, form, mis.

oontedcTBor, n. 1. association, league, al-
liance, compact {the agreemertl omy),
union, coalition, confederation, federa-
tion; spec. Bund {German), pentapolia,
Dreibund (German), ZoUverem (German),
9, conspiracy.

confederate, a. leagued, allied, confeder-
ated, federated, federal.

9. talk, parley, palaver, powwow {fig. c
oonlercDoe, n. 1. >

1. talk, parley, palaver, powwow {fy. or
spec).
oonteie, i>, t. 1. See acknowledge.
). disclose (conlextiujl), tell, reveal, un-
bosom, disbosom (rare); spec, unburden.

COIfPBSSION

Anlonymt: tee hide. sent.

t. Hhrive, ahrift (rare).
ocoiflsslon, n. 1. See ACKNOWLEi>auKNT.

S. ahrift [chiefiy spec.).

I. Re/erring lo a body oj Mieaere in one

faith: communion.
oonleBBlooal. n. stall.
confidant, n. confidante (Jem.), confidento

(FTench-.Jem.), confident {French; mow;.),

intimate, privado (ob«,)-
oouaHaDoe, n. I. See assurance.

t, aaam'ance, certitude, selt-confldence,

positivenesE, cleameBB, cockaurenees,

surety (rare); spec, insistency, certainty.

S. communication, privacy, secret.
oooBdent, a. 1. See assured, sold.

t. aasuced, sure, certain, positive, clear,

cocksure, secure {lUerary); spec, insistent.
Aittonymt: see anxious, timid.
confldentlBl, a. 1. private, secret, fiducial,

fiduciary, trust.

B. See INTIMATE, TRUSTED.

oonflnable, a. restrainable, impriaonable.

oonflae, v. L I. imprison, prison [poetic
or rket.), mew {lileraryj, incarcer-
ate iUarntdi, carcerate (rare), restrain,
immure; imc. mure (orig. tpec), pew
(jiff, or spec.), circumscribe (rare), kennel
[Jig. or apec), embound (rare), restrict,
pen {fig, or spec.), reatringe (rare), close,
inclose {obi., exe. tpec.), jail, pinch,
shop {cant), bail, cauldron (rare), box,
bouse, closet, chamber (orcfiaic), cabin
(rare), crib (rare), pound, impound, cub
(ehiefty dial.), pin, embar (rare), impark
(rare), shackle, dam, dungeon, jug {along),
lock {aged chiefly with "up," "tn/o," etc.),
enduDgeon (rare), bastille or bastile,
cloister, coop, pentold, gate (£nj- vniii,),
yard, impale (rare), enchain, incave, en-
cage, embank, intern, constrain, enjail
(rora), labyrinth, cage; see detain.

X. fasten {contexlital), hold, secure, de-
tsin. restrain; svec. tie, jess, braid, fcroil,
bind, button, chain, constrict, enchain,
rope, etc.; see bind.
AntonyTne: tee loose.
I. bowid, limit, restrict, circumscribe,
aatriot (rare), reatringe (rare), pinch
(rore), narrow, cram; nee
Many of the words given under i
be u»ed figuratively in this tense.
Aonflned, a, 1. incarcerate (archaic), re-
strained, pent, imprisoned, mewed, etc.;

Antonyms: see UNUMITED,

1. bedrid, bedridden.

oonflnement, n. 1. imprisonmcut, incar- ,
eeration {(earned), carceratlon (rar«), im-
murement (orig. spec.), prisonment (rare),
restraint, constraint, durance (chiefly liter-
ary and in the phrase "in durance vUe"),
ward {obsolesceni); spec, duress, claustra-
Uon, captivity, chains, incloeure, limbo,
prison, detainment (rare), custody.
AnUynyms: see frbedou.
i, fastening (jMntextual), holding (am'
texturU), securing (eonteilual), detention;
spec, chains, restraint.
•■ limitatioD, limiting, restriction, dr-
curnscription, narrowuess {as of oppor-
tunity), limit, crampedness, crampneas
(rare); see EEstriction.
<. childbed.

confinlnEi a. limitative, limitina;, reatrie-
tive, circumaoriptive, binding, limitary.

conflrin, v. I. 1. establish, fi.t, strengthen;
«pfc. bishop; see strengthen.
Ajitonyms: sec AfiOUSH, WEAKEN,
a. ratify, sanction, validate, roborate
(rare), corroborate (now rare), avouch,
vouch (rare or tech.), approbate or ap-
prove (chiefly Scots law); spec, homolo-
gate (chiefly Scots taw), countersign, in-
dorse, seal, reconfirm (rare).
Anlons/me: see invalidate, dispute.
1. establish, verify, corroborate, accredit,
support, substantiate, sustain, clinch

Anlonymji:

'Dflrmable, a. verifiable; see provable,

oonacmatloa, n. seal, support, sanction,
verification.

oonflrinatoTr, a. 1. ratificatory, sanction-
ative. corroborant (rare), roborativa
(rare), corroborative (obsolescent); spec,
signatorv, obaignatory (rare).
B. corroboratory, corroborative, corrobo-
rant, supportive.

oonflsoate, v. I. take (amtextuiU), seize,
appropriate, forfeit (rare or hist.); spec.
condemn, sequestrate, sequester.

oooflacrKiit, a. See burninq.

oonBiot, n. 1. See CONTENTION, fight.
S. oonfliction (rare), encounter, rea*
counter (rare), collision, clash; see w-

Antonjfnis: see I
oonSlot, c. i. I. See fight.
1. clash, encounter, rencounter (rare),
collide; spec, interfere; see disagree.
AiiVmynxs: sec acbbb, contorm.

CONGRATULATE

oonflictory, a. conflicting, conflictive
{rare)f colUsive (rare), clashing^ spec.
discordant, interfering, disagreeing.
Antonyms: see agreeing.
oonfluenoe, n. 1. Meaning "a flomng to-
gether": junction, conflux, concourse,
concurrence.
Antonyms: see divergence.

2. See CONCOURSE.

confluent, a, joining, meeting, commin-
gling, concurrent.
Antonyms: see divergent.

oonform, v, t. adjust, accommodate,
shape, assimilate, liken (rare); spec.
serve; see adapt, harmonize.

conform, v. i. 1. agree {contextual; used
with *'with"), harmonize, shape; spec, as-
similate (iLsed with *'to").
Antonyms: see conflict.
S. See COMPLY, correspond.

conformable, a. Spec, agreeable, adapt-
able, consistent, correspondent, compliant.

confront, v. t. See face, oppose, compare.
*. contrapose (rare), coimterpose {rare).

confuse, v. t. 1. See abash.

3. perplex {contextual) ^ confoimd, dis-
tract, disconcert, flurry, addle, flutter,
fluster, flustrate, bewilder, flabbergast
{coUoq.), wilder {rare), muddle, bemud-
dle {intensive) f fuddle, befuddle {inten-
sive), mist {fig.), bemist {intensif^e), mess
{coUoq.), clutter {dial.), muss {coUoq^.,
U. S.). fuss {coUoq., U. S.), dizzy, mix
{coUoq!), bumbase (rare), maze {rare), en-
tangle, bemaze {rare), bemuse {rare),
blank {archaic or rare), dazzle, muddify
{rare), muddy {fi^.), gravel, bedevil {rare),
befog, fog {rare), demoralize {coUoa. or
spec?); spec, rattle, dumfoimd, dum-
founder; see stupefy, disconcert, dis-
comfit.

S. disorder {contextiud), mix. jumble, rav-
el {rare), embroil, embrangle {rare), en-
tangle, mingle, muddle, commingle; spec.
blend, confound, mess, derange; see dis-
arrange.

Antonyms: see arrange, classify, dis-
tinguish, elucidate.
confused, a. 1. abashed; see abash.
2. flabbergasted {colloq.), bemazed {in-
tensive), puzzleheaded, faggy, misty,
flustery {rare), flustered, turbid, mixea
{colloq.), distracted, distract {archaic),
muddy C^.), addle {literary), muddle-
headed; spec, blank, dim, capernoitit
{Scot.), thunderstruck, thunderstricken;
see stupefied.

Antonyms: see calm, methodical, self-
controlled.

». mixed, jumbled, jumbly, topsy-turvy,
higgledy-piggledy {contemptuous), promis-
cuous, messy {coUoq.), macaronic {liter'
ary); spec, chaotic, troublous, indiscrim-
inate, mussy {U. S.).
Antonyms: see orderly, classified.

confusedly, adv. helter-skelter, higgledy-
piggledy, jumbly, hurry-scurry.

confusing, a. perplexing, distracting,
flustering, etc.

confusion, n. 1. See abashment, dis-
comfiture, STUPEFACTION.
S. Referring to the state of mind: perplexity
{contexttial), distraction, disconcerted-
ness, flurry, blankness, flutter, fluttera-
tion, muss {U. S.), fluster, flustration,
bewilderment, wilderment {rare)^ puzzle,
muddle, fuddle {chiefly spec), disconcer-
tion {rare), disconcertment {rare), fluster,
flusterment {rare), dazzle {rare), dazzle-
ment {rare), puzzlement {rare), mist,
muddiness (fig.), muddlement {rare);
spec, dumfounderment, entangleinent,
dumfoundedness, demoralization; see

STUPEFACTION, DISARRANGEMENT.

Antonyms: see calm, self-control.
S. Referring to the physical condition: dis-
order {contextvxd), ravelment {rare), jum-
ble, chaos, muss {U.S.), higgleay-pig-
gledy {contemptiuyus) f jumblement (rar^,
babel {rare; fig-), coil {archaic), imbroil-
ment, imbroguo {chiefly spec), hugger-
mugger {colloq.), moil {archaic), muddle,
fuddle, clutter {dial, or colloq.); spec, tan-
gle, tanglement, entanglement, promis-
cuity; see DISARRANGEMENT.

Antonyms: see arrangement, method,

SYSTEM, ORDER.

confute, V. t. confound {archaic), convince
{archaic), convict {archaic), redargue
{Scot.), overthrow, overturn, overcome,
refute; spec, d'sprove, silence.
Antonyms: see confirm, prove.

conceal, v. t. & i. solidify {contextual), fix,
set, freeze {chiefly spec); spec, pectize
{rare), gelatinize, jelly, coagulate, ice
(rare); see crystallize.
Antonyms: see soften, liquify.

concealed, a. solidified, set, frozen {chiefly
spec); spec pectous.

congenital, a. connate {chiefly spec), con-
nascent {rare), innate {chiefly spec), con-
natural.

congratulate, v. t. felicitate, gratulate
{archaic), macarize {rare), hug {oneself),

Cross references: see Note.
oonfluz: confluence, concourse.
conform, a.: consistent^ corre-
spondent.
oonfrtoe: colleague.

congener: ally.
oongenerio: allied.
congenial: agreeable.
oongeries: collection, accumvlation.
congest: accumulate, colled, congest.

conglomerate, n.: mass, ac-
cumulation, collection.

conglomerate, v.: collect.

conglomeration: <iccumula-
tion, collection.

tsr See Notes of Explanation.

87

CONORATUI.&TORT

plume (muself), pride (oneself), flatter
\ontatiS); see compument.
AnUmymt: see compasbionate.
congratulatory, a. grBtiilatory (rare).
oongreiate. a. met (conJexfuii), assembled,
coDEiesate, u. t. assemble, gather, collect;
spec, throng, flock, ewarm, crowd, herd
(ylD. o/r'ien),ahoal; see meet, crowd.
Avionyms: si
fioDBTecatton, . .. .

gathering, collectioni _._

a. church; spec, parish (£/. S.), propa-
ganda (fl. C. Ck.).

' al, oonlo, a. cone-shaped, coniform

oonlectnral, a. suppositional, suppositi-
tiotis (learned) , hypothetical (iem-nerf),
theoretical {chiefly tech.); see buppobbd.
Antonifm»: see uNgUEETioNABLB.

ooulnre, v. i. 1. juggle (rare), charm (rare),
incant (ois. or rare).
t. See JT70CLB.

oonuect, v. t. Spec, concatenate, link, in-
terlink, interconnect, associate, relate,
hyphen, hyphenate, hyphcnizc; see join,

Antonyms: see detach,
conueet, v. i. Sjtee. lock, interlock, inter-
digitate (rare), jnterosculate; see com-

MPNICATE.

conneotloii,R. 1. Spec, attachment, junc-
tion, union, concatenation, interoscula-
tion, linking; ,
INTEHCOUnSE,
Antonyms: si

S. See RELATION, BOND, DENOMTNATTON.

(iaiiiiiT*iiiOB, n. winking; <^. collusion, co-
operation, consent.

oonntTe, v. i. wink; nearly rdated are:
collude, cooperate, consent.

oonnlvent, a. Nearly related are: coUusive,
cooperative; see accessory.

connoliscur, n. expert, virtuoso (mase.;
Italian), virtuoaa ijem.; Italian); spec.
critic, judge, epicure, lapidary.

conquer, c i. prevail, overcome, over-
throw, win; spec, triumph.

conquerable, a. vincible (rare), vanquish-
able, overcomoble (rare).

Antnnyms: see dnconquerablb.
oonquerinE, a. victorious.
conqueror, n. defeater, conqueresa (fern.),
victor, victress (fern.), victrin (fern.;
Latin), winner, subjugator, subduer, dis-
comfiter, master; spec, humbler, reducer,
nrostmtor.

!e AcquismoN, oveb-

S. victory, win (collog.), winning, i
tery ; spec, triumph ; see defeat.
conaofentioui, a. upright, religious, faith-
ful, strict, scrupulous, exact, particular;
spec, careful, honorable, incorru pt ible , j ust.
Anlonyms: see abandoned, decbitfdl,

conscious, a, t. sensible, coRnizant, per-
cipient (lech, or learned), awate {jSfl.), sen-
tient; see AWARE.

Antonyms: see unconsciocb,
t. self-coDscious; spec, guilty.
Antonyms: see innocent.

S. See INTENTIONAL.

ooniolonsneiB, n. sensibility, sense, mind,
sentience (rare or literary), perception.

oonsoriba, c t. enlist (contextual), draft,

impress.
oonBortptlon, n. enlistment (conlextwd),

drafting, impressment.
conseorate, v. I. 1. To pronounce words of

consecration over: bless (archaic), seal

(rare), sacrament (rare); spec, dedicate,

taboo, sanctify, devote.
Antonyms: see corse.

S. To make eonserrate (in fact): hallow,

sanctify, sacrament (rare; fig,), bless

(archaic).

Antonyms: see desecrate.
oonaeoratlon, n. 1. blessing (archaic),

sacrin^; spec, sanctification, d<>dJcation,

devotion.

S. hallowing, sanctification, devotion.
oonBeorBtive, a. hoUowing, conaecratcry,

sanctifying.
oonsequenoe, n. 1. See BESULT, INFER-

»- C™ .^^ma: i« Nole,

DODjnimta. v. .-■ un,K.

ooimublkl- main M

OaOEiaM: mctlinn. tnlrrcoum.

oonjunot: ioin«t._uniUd.

.W-J-T-l. _ , ,

ooanuiKalaltyi rtloltsx.

oon»«™wd:™oiH.

eoocmlt]': wrfnncni. consisf-

■WDliufc >p 1 ' out inHll

bring. 'Sect-

conjii^:_ '*«'*■ '""f'^-j^

OMM : «.n0cn . r

eon oint! jmi>(, united

juT.fi. amilant. Tdaltd-

riorrlil. Tilatid.

•onnote: iiuan.

mou..

^r Ses notM Ot EiplBOBtllHl.

CONSONANT

I eoaieqaBntial, a. 1. nseeasary, consn-
quent, sequeotial; see mrESAiiLG.

Anbmjfma: see accidental, chancb.
I. In reftrenee to results: indireot, second-
ary; spec, eventual (rare).

1. See SELF-IUFORTANT.

coni«rT«UTe, a. 1. preservative. CJ. fre-

SERVB.

■. unpro^esflive (a derogatory term); spec.
nuHoneiatic (rare), Tory {Eng.), blue (Enj.
potUies).

canserratlTe, n. In politxen: mossback
(slann; ckiejiy U. S.), hunker (.local, U. S.),
Tory (Eng.).

coiulder, v. t. I. deliberate, cogitate, pon-
der, ponderate (rore), brood, contemplate,
meditate, ruminate, chew (mltog. or Jig.),
study, epeculate (o6s. or rare), turn, re-
volve, roll (rare), forethink (rare), per-
pend (archaic), treat; spec, weigh, muse,
design (rare), digest, envisage {lileTary),
precontrive (rare), premeditate (rare),
preconsider (rare); see RECoNsroeit, en-
tertain.

S. regard, heed, mark, notice, mind, scan;
spec, entertain, review, consult, esteem.

regard, believe, view, trow {archaic),
judge, hold, deem, count, account, reckon,
take, call, esteem, make; spec, rate, es-
timate, value, repute, gauge, misesteem;
eee infer,
i. respect, regard.
Antonym*; tee insult, ionorb.

comlder, i>. i. 1. think, reflect, deUberate,
meditate, brood, mull (coUoq., U. S.),
study (coUog.), ponder, pore, coptate
(teamed), muse (chiefly spec), nimmate,
apeoulate.
S. See CARE.

oonilderable, a. large, sizable (chiefly
gpec.), substantial, substantive, good,
round, important, goodish, goodly, gey
(Seat.), tolerable, pretty, fair, respectable;

r. material, noteworthy, conuortable,
nt (chiefly colioq.), handsome, tidy
(eoOoq.).

Antmyms; see su all.
ODiuldaiktlon, n. 1. thinking, thought,
forethought, deliberation, cogitation
(learned), pondering, ponderation (rare),
think (dint, or coUoq.), speculation (rare),
contemplation, meditation, study, pon-
derment (rare), reflection, rumination;

spec, premeditation, preconsideration
{rare), precogitation (rore), predehbera-
tion (rare), muse, musing, counsel, view,
introversion, envisagement (literary); see

RECONSIDERATION.

AnUmyms: see THOnoHTLESSNESS.
9. care, regard, heed, mindfulness, re-
spect (rare); spec, afterthought, review,
retrospect, retrospection.

Aiil'inynia: ace carelessness, diskg-

1. importance, respect, esteem.
4. account, opinion, judgment, esteem,
estimation, reckoning, regard, view; spec,
misestimation, misestimate.

TIVBNBSS, ATTENTION.

oonslBii, V, t. 1. See deliver, comuit.
1. send, remit, remand, resign; spec, con-
demn, devote; see abandon.

oonsiBnatloii, n. 1. See delivery, COU-

S. sending, const^nm
remand, resignation; spec, condemnation,
devotion, abandonment.
conslEner. n. consignor, dehverer; spec.
vendor, shipper, freighter, bailor, prin-

oanBiKnmeiit, n. 1. See deltvebt, COU-

MITMBNT, CONSIGNATION.

t. gooda {eorUexljuU), shipment.
oouHist, V, i. I. subsist, lie.

9. See INHERE, AGREE.

consistency, n. agreement (contextual),
congruence, congruency, congnilty, co-
herency, coherence, conformability. con-
formity, correspondence, compatibility,
harmony, accordancy, consonance, con-
sonancy; spec, self-consistency, conse-
quence (logic), reconcilability.

conHlstent, a. 1. See compact, firu.
S. agreeable (conlejUwil) , accordant, co-
herent, consentaneous (rare), congruous,
congruent, conformable, conform (ar-
chaic), correspondent, compatible, con-
sonant, harmonious; spec, self -consistent,
consequent (logic), symmetrical, recon-
cilable, cosmic (Jig.), conoordial (rare).
Antonyms: see inconsistent, abbtibd.

consolidate, c. t. I. compact, firm, com-
press, settle, knit, sohdify; see CON-

S. See JOIN, UNITE, COMBINE, mnrr.
oonionant, n. articulation; spec letter,
sound, explonive, explodent, sonant, surd.

I^O-ui Ttftttnca: ■» Nou.
•ODMqnMit: retailing, infe

•ill

oirt/ul. obliaiio.

\ 'il'ouohijJ:

oouoUtloD: thttr.
iH>n»li.n..- trocW,

tS' S« Mot« ol EipUnatlui.

vhiBper, breath, subvoco), subtonic. con-
tinuant, stop, dicck, mute, liauid, semi-
liquid, cerebral, fricative, trill, sibilant,
glottal, lingua), labial, dental, labioden-
tal, interdental, nasal, guttural, palatal,
velar, alveolar.

oonipiououB, a, notable (cmilexCunl),
prominent, ^at (amtextual), signal,
Btriking, noticeable, marked, staring,
eminent, glaring (esp. of what U bad);
spec, notorious, gaud^, rampageoua,
brilliant, celebrated, distinguianed, re-
markable.
AnlonymB: see obscche, unnotice able.

oonipliaoy, n, confederacy, concert, com-
bination, plot {contexlTial), plan {eoniexl-
ttal), codperation (aml&ctwit), complot
{liUrary), conspiration (rare), covin (ob-
solescerU; law), aynomosy {tileraUy, a
sworn conspiTacy: rare), practice (arcAate) ,
machination (.literary; contextual); sptc.
intrieue (eonlextual), boycott, colluEion,

Antonyms: see DtBAOREEMENT, contkn-

oonapixBtor, n. conspiratrcss (Jem,), con-
federate, comptotter (rare); spec, colluder,
Cataline (figo. cabalier, coconspirator,
intrigant {nmsc; French), intrigante
(fern.; French).

ooniplratory, a. collusive, covinous (.chief-
ly legal).

oonapire, v. t. combine (ayrUextual), con-
federate (rare), concert, plot (corUexluai),
complot (literary), machinate (literary;
eontexlual) , consult (archaic), practice
(arcAaic), collogue (dial.); spec, cabal, in-
trigue, collude, plan (conlexlual) , trinket
(obs. or rare), cooperate (contextual).
Antonyms: see disaoree, contend.

ooDBtanay, n. Spec, faith, faithfulness,
endurance, truth, devotion, honor, per-
petuity, continuousness, trtiatiness, con-
tinuity, uniformity, stabihty, peraistence,

permanence, eternity, etc. Cf.

Antonyms: see chan

^^^ tS-Oiui

._ . .. ... 1. steadfast, fast, firm, un-
wavering, continued, stanch, unalterable,
unswerving, abiding, enduring, fixed, set-
tled, unmoved, tenacious, diligent, assid-
uous, aeduloiia, unshaken, steady, staid
(rare), stable, rooky (rare); spec, persever-
ing, persistent, pertinacious, Sisyphean
(fy.); see determined.

Antonyms: geeCHANQBASi^.cAPMCiona.
S. true, loyal, leal (iiferaryor Scot.), faith-
ful, feoi (archaic), tried, devoted, trusty,
trustworthy;

Anlotij/ms:

STANT, TREASONABLE, nNPAITHniL, UN-

t. In a sense implying absence 0/ change or
variation: invariable, invariant (rare, exe.
math.), im changing, fixed, uniform,
steady, stable, invaried (rare), unvaried,
unwavering, undeviatlng, regular, per-
sistent.
Antonyms: see Cuakoeable, vacillat-

i. In a sense implying continuation in
time: continual, continued, persistent,
sustained, enduring; spec, permanent,
abiding, perpetual, eternal, unremitting,
everlasting, regular, endless, momentary
(rare), momently (rare), hourly.
Ariiatiyms: see TBANSieNT.
i. In a sense implying unbroken continu-
ance: continuous, continual, unbroken,
regular, even, uniform, uninterrupted,
steady, sustained, unremitting, unre-
mitted, imintermitted, incessant, ince»-
eable (rare), ceaseless, unceasing, con-
ned ed, perennial, pauaeleas, running,
endless.

Antonyms: see intermittent.
oonBtantly, adv. steadfastly, firmly, un-
changingly, uniformly, continually, per-
petually, always, regularly, evenly, etc,

eoaBUpate, v. t. bind (eoUoq.), confine
(rare), astrict (rare), aatringe (rare),
Arttonyms: see physic.

oonatlpatod, a. bound (coUoq.), costive
(tech.).
Antonyms: see loose,

oonstlpatlUEi a. bindins (coUoq.), caetivB
(tech.)
Anlonyms: see cathabtic.

oonstituenoy, n. principal; spec €^60-
torate.

oonstltuent, a. 1. See coupokent,
S. Spec elective, appointive, electoral.

Donstltnent, n. 1. See coufohent.
*, principal; spec, elector, voter.

oonatltute, 1;. i. form, be, make, spell;
spec, aggregate (eolloq.), total; — iinlh a
cognate object, as in "Jifly~two cards con-
stitute a pack."

oonatltution, n. 1. See appointment, es-
tablishment, STRUCTURE, TEXTURE,

I

a. nature (eonlextual), make-up, make;
spec, temperament, physique; see dispo-
sition.

8. decree (contextual), law, edict; spec.
fundrmental law, organic law.
DODBtltutlonal, a. I. natural, organic,
hectic (<iba.); spec, temperamental, dia-
thetic.

; fear. I comtltntedi being.

v Notu Dl Eipluutian.

CONTAMINATION

t. See ESSENTIAL.

S. In law: organic, politic {rare); see law-
ful.

constraint, n. 1. See compulsion, con-
striction.

S. Referring to a compellina force: pres-
sure, press, force, stress, duress (chiefly
spec.), distress, pinch, cramp (rare).
S. restraint, repression, reserve; see em-
barrassment, stiffness, self-control.
Antonyms: see ease, familiarity.

constrict, v, t, squeeze (contextual), com-
press (contextual), bind, contract, cramp,
astrict (rare), astringe (rare), constrin^,
constrain (literary); spec, strangulate,
choke; see confine, narrow.
Antonyms: see free, enlarge, distend,
inflate.

constriction, n. 1. compression, squeez-
ing, contraction, constraint (literary),
narrowing, aatriction (rare), contingency
(rare).

Antonyms: see inflation.
t. contraction, stricture; spec, intake,
neck, choke; spec, narrowing.

construct, v. t. 1. In reference to physical
things: make, build, form, frame, confect
(rare), configurate (rare), configure (rare),
compose, join, fabricate; spec, erect,
draw, forge, contour.
Antonyms: see destroy, abate, de-
molish.

8. In reference to ideas, plans, etc.: create
(contextiud), build, fabricate, contrive,
weave, frame.
Antonyms: see destroy, abolish.

construction, n. 1. The act: making,
building, formation, fabrication, com-
position; spec, malconstruction, manu-
facture.

S. The thing: form, building, structure,
fabrication, figure (chiefly spec.), contriv-
ance, conformation (chiefly spec.), con-
figuration (chiefly spec), frame; spec.
formation, drawing, erection.
S. As to immaterial things or qualities:
composition, contexture, structure, con-
formation, configuration; spec, frame-up.

4. See EXPLANATION. MEANING.

constructive, a. tectonic (literary), con-
stitutive.

consult, V. i. talk (contextual), advise, con-
fer, counsel, commune (ohs. or rare), pow-
wow (chiefly U. S.), colloque (couoq.),
confabulate (rare).

consult, V. 1, 1. advise with, oonfer with;'^
no single^word synonyms.
8. See CONSIDER.

consultant, n. oonferrer, counselor, ad*
viser, consulter.

consultation, n. talk (contextual), con-
ference, counsel, advice (obs.), colloquy,
parley (chiefly spec.), pourparler (French),
powwow (spec, or chiefly U, S.), palaver
(chiefly spec.); spec, indaba, interview.

consultative, a. advisory, oonsultory
(rare).

consume, v. 1. 1. destroy, eat, canker (fig.);

see WASTE, burn, decompose, CORRODE.

Antonyms: see renew.
2: Meaning *Ho use up": devour, swallow
(fig.; chiefly with *^up"); svec. absorb, take,
eat, drink, use (contextual), wear, kill, out-
wear (rare), dissolve; see expend, erode.
Antonyms: see renew.

consumer, n. 1. destroyer.
8. user (contextual), devourer, cormorant
(fig.), eater, barathrum (fig.).

consuming, a, destroying, cankerous
(fig.); spec, depascent (rare)j erodent.

consumption, n. 1. destruction; see burn-
ing, DECAY, CORROSION.

8. Meaning "a using up": use (context-
ual), devourment; spec, absorption, dis-
solution, eating, drinking; see expendi-
ture, WEAR.

consumptive, n. lunger (slang or coUoq,),
hectic (rare or tech.), pulmomc (rare),

contact, n. 1. touch (contextual), touching,
tangency (tech.), contingence (rare), tac-
tion (rare),

8. In elec: meaning "o touching piece**:
spec, contactor, brush, terminal.

container, n. Spec, wrapper, package,
bottle, box, bag, case, cask, empty, bar-
rel, cash, etc.; see receptacle.

contaminate, v. t. 1. corrupt (contextual),
infect, taint, attaint (rare), pollute, soil,
inquinate (rare), defile, suUy, foul, befoul
(irUensive), file (dial, or ohs.), vitiate,
poison, empoison (intensive; literary), en-
venom (intensive; literary); spec, debauch,
degrade, deprave, stain, dirty.
Antonyms: see purify, elevate.
8. See FOUL, vitiate.

contaminated, a. corrupt, corrupted, pol-
luted, pollute (rare), maculate or macu-
lated (rare), cankered (literary), etc.

contamination, n. 1. The act: corruption,
attaint (rare), tainture (rare), infection,

Cross references: see Note.
oonstltutiye: component, crea-
tive, [strict.
constrain: compel, confine, re-
constrained: stiff, forced.
constraining: compulsory.
oonstringe: constrict.
construe, v. t: explain, trans-

late, understand, interpret.

construe, n.: translation.

consuetude: custom, hahU.

consul: magistrcUSt diplomatic
agent.

consummate, a.: absolute, per-
fect, accomplished, completed,
burning.

consummate, v. t.: complete,

perfect, accomplish.
consummation: completion,

perfection, end, a/;comjdish-

ment, death, height.
contagious: catching, infectious.
contain: include, hold, restrain

{oneself).

l^^ See Notes of Explanation.

91

CONTAMIHATIVE

maculAtion Irare), defilement, iainting,
atain, soil {rare), filing {dial, or tAsJ),
sullying, pollution, inquination (rare),
vitiation, fouling; sjtec. debouchment,
degradatJon, depravation, etain.
S. That iohich eorrupls: corruption, taint,
stain, infection, pollution, poison, foul-
ness, impurity; spec, depravity, filth, ob-
scurity, filthinesE, immorality, abomina-

I. Spec, fouling, vitiation, infection.

oontamlnative, a. corrttptive, tainting,
infectious (rare), poisonous, depraving,
defiling, polluting, mfective, etc,
Antonyms; see elevating.

contemn, u. (. 1. Referrijiglolhe menial at-
tUude: tee despise, abhor.
S. scorn, flout; see RIDICIJI4E. This sense
refers lo the act, which may not affree urilh
the inward or nUrUal atlilude.
Anlonipns: see honor.

contemporaneouii a. coexistent [con-
textual), contemporary, monocbronoua
(rare); spec, ooetaneous (rare), coeval,
concomitant, coinstantaneous, coinci-
dent, simultaneous, coterminous, syn-
chronous, collatersJ, synchronical (rare),
aynchronal; see cobsistent.

oontempoTkavouaneis, n. coexistence
(contextual), con(«mporarineBS, ele.

ooDtampt, n. 1. disdain, scorn, despisal,
contumely (literary), despite (archaic),
diseateem (rare)^ misprison (literary), mis-
prise (rare), nusprisal (rore); spec, pity
(Jig.), superciliousness, despite (literary).
Antonyms:

NEB3.

B. See DISCI

contemptible, a. despicabli ,
venerable (rare), base, vile, low, abject,
pitiful, pitiable, sorry, wretched, igno-
minious, caitiff (lUerary), scald (orcAatc),
scurvy, dirty (iiuiffar or very contemptu-

Antonf/ms: see

oontemptuoua, a. disdainful, ludibrious
(rar^), scornful, contumelious (liierary),
despiteful (archaic), pitying (fig.), super-
cilious, insolent, sneering, cynic, cavalier
(leoTTied), cavalierly (rare).
Anlonj/mt: see respbcttui,, polite.

tiantend, n. i. I. contest (rare), engage,

fight (Jig.), battle (fig. or spec.), strurele,
strive, conflict (rare); spec, fight, buffet,
tussle, combat, vie, rival, cope, wrestle
(cant), war, spar, scramble, jostle (Jig.),
tilt; see pioht, qitarbbl, DisptrrB.
Antonyms: see aobi

a. compete, contest (rare), rival (arcAotc),
strive, vie, struggle, rivaliie (rare).
oonteotlon, n. 1. Referring to the aetion:

wrestling (coni), :

PDTB, qnAKRBL, L

Antonyms: see AoaEEMENT, conspibact,
coSpehation.

contentloa*, a. strifeful (rare), gladia-
torial (fig.). litigious (rare, exc. spec);
spec, stormy; see qdakrelsome, dispu-

TATlOnS, COMBATIVE.

contents, n. pi. content (obs.), lining C/iff.);
spec, furniture (rare), filling, subject-
matter.

contest, n. I. contention, struggle, en-
gagement, encounter, strife, combat (fig.
or spec), fight (fig. or spec), battle (fig. or
spec,), concurrence (o Gallicism), ren-
counter (literary); spec, bout, scrap (col-
log, or slang), tussle (edlog.), tilt (often
fig.), set-to (slang), brush, skirmish,
scrimmage (coUoq), scrummftge (rare;
eollog.), bully, tenson (French), duel,
pool, grapple, match, pentathlon, dec-
athlon, draw, nibt>er, passage, rough-
and-tumble (colloq.), scuffle, tournament,
handicap, wrestle; see tight.
Anlony/ns: see cooperation.

S. See CONTENTION, COMPETITION.

oonteitant, n. contender; spee. rival,
tilter, juster; see fighter, disputant.
contlngenor, n. 1. possibility, cbaQce.

«. See CONDITFON.

«ontiiice»t, a. 1. possible.

S. See CONDITIONAL.
oontlnuanoe, n. 1. continuation, dura-
tion, abidance (rare), currency, course,
lasting, persistence, endurance, perdura-
tion (rare), last (rare), run, stay, during
(rare); spec, pendency, standing.
ATUonyms: see stop, stoppage.
I. persistence, persistency, perseverance,
continuation (rore).

I

eonMmpUtlOD:

latut, n.

aatvi/y. otodden,
tatitfadion,

ooatltuJty: adiaceneti. tipan-
coatlBatit, a.; idf-cimlroOtd.

CONTRAST

t. See CONTINUATION, PROLONGATION,
EXTENSION, STAY.

continuation, n. 1. continuance, mainte-
nance, sustenance, support; s'pec. pur-
suance, perpetuation; see renewal, ex-
tension, PROLONGATION.
Antonyms: see change, stoppage.
8. S'pec, supplement, sequel.

S. See CONTINUANCE.

continue, v. i, 1. See extend.
t. be {contextual) J last, endure, persist,
remain, subsist, abide, stand, run, rest,

Eerdure {rare)^ dure {archaic) ^ stay; spec,
old, drag {esp. with "on," ^^cHongy' etc.),
linger {esp, with **on^'), stick {coUoq.),
dwell, keep. Jive, perennate {rare).

Antonyms: see change, stop.
S. persevere, persist, proceed, pursue,
insist {archaic), carry on {chiefly Ena.),
keep {chiefly spec.); spec, flow, plug
{couoq. or slang). ,

Antonyms: see stop, hesitate, desist,

VACILLATE.

continue, v. i. 1. See extend, prolong,

KEEP, MAINTAIN, SUSTAIN.

8. Spec, perpetuate, spin, perennate
{rare); see renew.

Antonyms: see alter.
S. pursue, carry, run.

Antonyms: see abandon, intermit, stop.
continued, a. 1. sustained, protracted,
continuous, prolonged; spec, sostenuto
{Italian).

S. See CONSTANT.

continuing, a. enduring, durable, during
{rare), lasting, persevering, persistent;
spec, chronic.

continuity, 1. See constancy.
S. Spec, continuum, contiguity, unbro-
kenness.

continuous, a. 1. See constant.
8. unbroken.

contort, V. t. twist, writhe, wreathe; see
distort.

contraband, a. forbidden.
Antonyms: see innocent.

contract, v. i. 1. agree {coniexttud), bar-
gain, covenant {spec, or rhetorical), stip-
ulate, engage.

8. shrink, shrivel {spec, or fi^.); spec.
pucker, pinch; see narrow.
Ardonyms: see swell, dilate.
S. See diminish.

contract, v. t. 1. stipulate, bargain, prom-
ise, covenant {spec, or rhetorical); spec.
undertake, indenture; see betroth.
8. See INCUR, effect, make, catch,

FORM.

S. reduce, diminish, shorten; spec, syn-
copate, shrink, pucker, pinch; see con-
strict, NARROW, diminish, ABBREVIATB,
ABRIDGE.

Antonyms: see stretch, bloat, en-
large, DISTEND, INFLATE.
contract, n. agreement {coniextiuiL), prom-
ise {corUextuat), bargain, pact {chiefly
«pec.), cheap {archaic), covenant, stipuls^
tion {chiefly spec.), convention {chiefly
international law), obligement {duil law);
spec, imdertaking, condition, suretyship,
lease, bond, ba%r, exchange, coup or
cowp {Scot.), option, debenture, inden-
ture, cowle {Anglo'Indian), trade {U. S.);

see BETROTHAL.

contracted, a. shrunken, diminished;
spec, shriveled, puckered, pinched, con-
stricted, corky, clung, cramp.

contraction, n. 1. agreement, stipulation
{chiefly spec.), bargaining, covenanting;
spec, undertaking.

8. shrink, shrinking, shrinkage, shrivel-
ing {spec, or fl^.), reduction, diminution,
abbreviation, abridgment; spec, pucker,
cramp, pincning, syncope, syncopation,
systole, narrowing; see constriction.
Antonyms: see dilation.

S. See SHRINK, ABRIDGMENT.

contractor, n. undertaker {chiefly spec.),
bargainer or bargainor, covenanter or
covenantor {spec, or rhet.), stipulation
{chiefly spec.); spec, sweater, padrone
(Italian) , lumper.

contradict, v. t. 1. gainsay {literary or
formed), contravene {rare), deny, belie,
counter, controvert, dispute, negative,
traverse {chiefly law), denegate {rare),
disallow {rare); spec, counterargue (rare),
contrapose {logic).
ArUonyms: see acknowledge.
8. See OPPOSE.

contradiction, n. 1. gainsay {rare), coun-
tering, gainsaying {litercary or formal), de-
nial, controversion, dispute, negation,
traverse {law), denegation {rare), disal-
lowance {rare); spec, contraposition,
antinomy.
8. See OPPOSITION, inconsistency.

contradictory, a. contradictive, negatory,
contrary.
Antonyms: see agreeable.

contrast, v. t. compare, oppose, antithe-
size {rare).

contrast, n. comparison {contexttud), dif-
ference, opposition, antithesis; spec, foil;
see OPPOSITE.
Antonyms: see analogue, analogy.

Cray* references: see Note.

CMmtlnuous: continued, constant.
oontinaam: continuity.
oontortionlst: gymnast.

oontour: outline.
oontrapoM, v. t.: confront.
oontrarions: perverse, oppoetng.
contrary, a.: opposite t oppos-

ing, contradictory, perverse, in-
consistent, unfavorable.

contrary, n.: reverse.

contrast, v. t.: compare.

See Notes of Explanation.
93

CONTRASTING

oontrABttiic, a. diSerent, contractive, an-
tithetic, contraaty (eoUog.), controstCiil.
AnUmymi: ue analogous.
oontniTeiiv, r, J. oppose, thwart, counter;

MB VIOLATE, DEFEAT.

ooDtrlbute, f. t. 1. give {conXejAual); tpec.
subscribe.

8. help, aid, assist, subserve (rare), od-
miniater (Hlerary), miniater (Ulerary),
conduce, go (an viiomatie uae).

contribute, v. i. tend, conduce, aerve, re-
dound, go; tpec. minister.

oontrlbutlnci a. Spec, contributory, ac-

(eontextuat); spec.

Donttlb uHon,

subscription ;

. _. , re), help, Bubs

(rore), administration (lUerary), roinia-
tration {literary).

Anionspna: see hindramcb, preven-

S. help, aid, assistance; spec, instru-
mentality.
Anlonyrns: see hindrance.
4. tiuc, tribute, scot, gavel (obs. or hist,};
spec, quarterage,
s. See ABTicLB.

contrlbator, n. 1. giver [eoTilexlual); spec.
Bubecriber.

1. author (corUextual); spec, correspond-
ent, editor,

1. conducer, helper, aider, ministrant
{literary).

Doutrlbatory, a. contributing, helpful,
conducive, oontributary (rare), eontribu-
tive, HuhBervient, serviceable, instni-
jntftl, dispositive {literary), miniatnmt
{literaTy); see accessoet,
Antonymt: see hinderinq, pi

oontrlvBnov, n. See vEVtBiHO,

ARTIFICE,

. thing {conlexiuai), device, contraption
{coUoq.), fangle (rare), fanglement (rare),
fake (8lar;£r), fakement {dang), jiggumbob
{coUoq.; hwnorowi); epec. invention, —
etniction, machine, gimcraok {co
wbigmaleerie (iSicnf.).
oontilTe, V. (. 1. See device,

INVENT, PLAN.

9. effect, man^e, do (contexl'tal),

<raatrlT«t v. i, plan, plot, shift; spec.

control, V. (. command, dominate, a,._,
govern, rule, regulate, order, rein (jJff.),

predominate (rare); spec, ride, .
carry, hold, grip, gripe, obsess, <
(Eng.), officer, prevail, master, ~
derate; ""

prevail, reign.
control, n. 1. contralmect (orcAaic), co
mand, mastery, mastership, domination,
power, domimon, paramountcy (literary
or spec.), regulation, regiment (rare), dis-
position, disposal, reign {ftg.), govemajioe
{archaiii], government (chiefly spec.), reina
(pi.; fig.), sovereignty, prepotence or pre-
potency (rare), predominatioQ (rare), '
curb, reatraint, predominance {rare),
prevalence (rorc), prepollence or pre- 1
poUency (rare), preponderance, prepon-
deruncy, prepondcration (rare); ajM. ,
empire, clutches (pi,; fig.), hand, jussion
(rare), grip, gripe; see rule, ascendanct,

REaTRAINT, DIRBC?T10N, MANAOBMBNT,

COUUAND {the facTilty), selp-contbol.
Antonyms: see tjncontrol.
a. See DOMAIN.
oontrollei, n. 1. control (rare), dominator,
rector (rare), swayet, governor, ruler,
manager, regulator; spec, commander,
arbitrator, master, mistreaa, diaposer, di-
rector, boss {ehiejly spec.; carU or along),
regent {rare); see ruler.

3. See ACCOUNTANT, COUPTEOLLKB.

controlltDK, a. commandmg, governing,
predominant, uppermost, sovereign, mae-
ter, prepollent (rnre), prepotent (lemtied),
paramount, dominant, dominative, as-
cendant, preeminent, preponderant, reg-
nant (spec, or fig.), regent (rare), gu-
bemative (rare or Uarneii), regulative,
governmental; spec, hegemonic (ria-e),
prevalent; see hdlinq.

oontroveriial, a. 1. disputatious, eristic
{lilerary), polemic or polemical {learned
or (ecft.); see forensic. '

1. See qUEBTIONABLE, COMPLAISANT.

oontroversiallst, n. disputant, disputei,
polemic {learned or tech.), arguer, erifltio I
(iUeraTy; rare), polemiat (rare), polBmioiat ,

re).

r (contexfuol), i

oonvalesoe. f. t. tecovt

cuperate {conlext-ual).
<t»nTene< v. i. gather, aasemblc, collect,
congregate (rare), muster (ckiefiy spec.);

Antonyms: see separate, SCATTER,

. gather, assemble, collect,

CONVICT

muster {chiefly spec,); spec, reconvene;
see CONVOKE.

Antonyms: see separate, scatter, dis-
solve.

oonvenienoe, n. 1. Spec, adaptability,
accessibility, handiness, availability, ser-
viceableness; see instrument.
%• advantage, commodity (archaic), ac-
commodation; spec, easement, ease, com-
modiousness (archaic), comfort.
Antonyms: see inconvenience.

oonvenient, a, 1. See adaptable, acces-
sible, AVAILABLE, SERVICEABLE.

2. advantageous, commodious (archaic),
comfortable, easy.
Antonyms: see inconvenient.

convent, n. association (contextual), clois-
ter (chiefly literary or tech.), monastery
(chiefly spec), convent (chiefly spec.),
cenoby (rare); spec, abbey, priory, nun-
nery, fratry (ohs, or hist.), math (Hindu),
friary, friars (pi.), commandery.

convention, n, 1. assembly, gathering,
congregation, congress (chiefly spec,); see
meeting, assembly.
ArUonyms: see scattering.
S. See CONVOCATION, gathering, agree-
ment, CONTRACT, CUSTOM, CONVENTION-
AIJTY, RULE.

S. custom, usage, formality, convention-
alism, conventionality (chiefly spec), con-
venance (French); see formality; — used
with "a" or in the pi.

conventional, a. customary, agreed, stip-
ulated, accepted, cut-and-oried (coUoq),
artificial, right, orthodox (chiefly spec),
correct, positive, approved; spec, stiff,
contractual, academic; see formal.
Antonyms: see unconventional, home-
like.

conventionality, n. 1. conventionalism,
convention, rightness, correctness, ortho-
doxy (chiefly spec), positiveness; spec,
stiffness; see formality.
S. See convention, custom.

convert e,t;. t. & i. Spec, center (contextual) ,
ArUonyms: see scatter.

CK>nversation, n. discourse (literary or
dial.), confabulation (literary or stilted),
talk, converse (learned), speech, confab
(coUoq.), colloquy (esp. spec), tell (dial.),
collocution (rare), interlocution (rare);
spec, palaver, chat, chatter, chit-chat,
gossipmg, eossipry, indignation (rare),
parley, conference, interlocutory, coze
(rare), word (with "a*0» episode; see

DIALOGUE.

conversational, a, confabulatory (literary
or stilted), confabular (rare), colloquial
(chiefly spec), interlocutorv (rare); spec.
chatty, dialogic, cosy (Eng^.

conversationalist, n. conversationist (less
common than ^'conversationalist"), talker,
converser, confabulator (rare); spec,
dialogist.

converse, v. t. 1. deal (rare or archaic, exc.
spec), commerce (obsolescent), commune
(archaic or spec), common (obs.), inter-
course (rare), traffic; spec associate.
'^Converse" is now diiefly spec; but is
broader than '^commune,"
8. speak, discourse (literary or dial,), con-
fabulate (literary or stilted), talk, confab
(coUoq.), collogue (coUoq. or humorous),
colloque (rare); spec chat, gossip, confer,
coze (literary; rare), dialogue, oialogize
(rare), parley.

converser, n. 1. confabulator (rare); spec.
interlocutor, dialogist, interlocutress
(Jem.), interlocutrix Ijem,).

8. See CONVERSATIONALIST.

conversion, n. 1. change (contextual), re-
duction, resolution; 866 TRANSFORMATION.
8. regeneration; spec proselytization,
proselyting^ Protestantization.
S. appropriation (corUe^ual); spec em-
bezzlement; 866 THEFT.
4. See EXCHANGE.

convert, v. t, 1. change, turn, regenerate;
spec disciple (rare or archaic), proselyte,
proselytize. Protestantize
S. change, resolve, reduce, turn; see

TRANSFORM

ArUonyms: see Tix.
S. appropriate (corUextual); see steal,

EMBEZZLE.

convert, n. neophyte (chiefly spec), con-
vertite (archaic; often spec); spec vert
(coUoq.), catechumen, marrano (hist.),
proselyte, proselytess (fem.; rare),

convertible, a, conversible (rare), ex-
changeable: spec interchangeable, liq-
uid, equivalent.
Antonyms: 866 fixed.

convex, a, protuberant, swelling; spec.
embowed (literary), gibbous or gibbose,
hog-backed.
Antonyms: see hollow.

convict, a. condemned; — not a good syn^'
onym.

convict, V. t. 1. condemn (ru>t a good eyn"
onym), convince (archaic).
ArUonyms: see absolve, acquit.
S. convince (of sin, etc.; rare).

tSr Cross references: see Note.
oonyenience: oblige.
oonyentiole: meeting, church.
oonytntnai: ecclesiaatic, monk,
nuTi.

oonyersable: sociable.
oonyersant: aware.
oonyerse, n.: intercourse, con-

veracUion.
oonyerse, a. & n.: opposite.

oonyey: transport, transfer,
transmit, communicate, carry.

oonyeyanoe: transportation,
transfer, transmission, commur-
nication, vehide.

t^ See Notes of Explanation.
95

oonvlot, n. criminal (.contextaid); spec.
felon, expiree, emancipist (AuslTolia),
bushranger, Eterwenter iAtitlralia), log-
ger (cani), termer (cant), tniaty (con/),
fifcr (conf).

oooTlotloii, n. 1. coademnation; — not a
good synonjfm.

Antonyms: ece acodittal,
t. RefBrring to Hie act of convincing: con-
vincement, eonvictment {rare), satisfac-

S. Referring la the gtafe or belief: belief
(eontexlual), convincement (rare), eon-
victment (rare), satisfaction (rare), per-
suasion; spec, possession, obsession.
ATiioTtyTns: see cuASQB/iBhEUEaa, ca-

oanTlnoB, V. I. assure (contextual), sat-
isfy, persuade; spec. posEess, obsess.

convincing, a. satisfactory, satisfying,
conclusive, persuasive (now archaic or

ATUonyma: see unconyincinq.
oonTtviki, a. sociable (conlexlual), com-
panionable (coTttextaal), festive, gay,
jolly, jovial, good (eontexlual).
Antonyms: see apathetic, ascetic.
oonTooatton. n. 1. gathering, assembling,
convention, call icotitexlual). calling (used
esp. wilh "together"), summons.

ooBToke, V. (. convene, assemble, summon,
call {esp. with "together"), convocale (ar-
chaic); spec, resummon, reconvene.
Antonyme: see dissolvs.

convolution, n. twist, volume or volute
(literary or technical): see coil, cdrl.

cook, V. t. 1. prepare (contextual), do
(ehiefiy in the p. p.); spec, overdo, boil, fry,
bake, roast, braise, barbeoue, buccan, grid-
dle, pan, jug, <K)ddle, devil, friiezle, steam;

see ROAST, BROIb, STHW, PARSOIL, FRT.

S. See DBVI8B, FAWirr, fake, ruin.
oook, n, 1. cooky (coUog.). doctor (chiefly

naxtl.; slang nr cant); spec, magirologist

(rore), magirist (rare).

9. Spec, boil, fry, fricassee, broil, etc.
cookery, n. cuisine (lech, or learned); spec.

maRirology (rare), magiric (rare), gas-

trology.
oooklnKi n. preparation (corUexttud), coc-

tion (li^ary or affected),
oookroom. n. Spec, (naut.) cab, galley,

caboose;

Antonyms: see contend.
cottperation, n. combination, concurrence
(eo/Uextuai), concert, concourse (rare), co-
working (rare), coaction (rare), synergy
(rare); spec, collaboration, conspiracy; see

oookshop, n. trattoria (Ilaijan).

cool, V. t. I. chill, colden (rare), rcfrigerata I

{chiefly spec.), frigorify (rare), infrigidata 1

(rare); spec, ice, freeze, quench, defers |

AHtrmyme: see hbat, warm.
S. calm; spec, treeae, quench, ice {jig.);
spec, disfever (rare). "Cool" is chiefijf 1
iiseil with "off" or "doisn."
1. See DEPRESS.

cool, V. i. 1. refrigerate, coldeo (rare); spec
shiver, freeze, defervesce (rare).

DoollBE. a. refri^rative, refrigeratinE, re-
frigeratory, refrigerant, frigorific (ehiefly
lech.); spec, freezing, defervescent (rare).
Av^yms: see beating.

codpeiate, v. i. combine, concur, concert,
cowork (rore), coact (rare); spec, collab- ,
orate, colleague (rore), conspire, concur;

AnUmyms: see COMPETITION, CONTEN-

ooSperatlve, a. co5peraDt {rare), coactive
(rare), concurrent; spec, coefficient, syna,-
delphic (rare), conspiratory; see belpfdl,

CONNH-ENT.

coardlnate, a. equal, coequal, collateral
(rare or spec.).

cotiTdlnatlve, a. 1. Spec, equalizing, para-
tactic, organizing.

copper, a. cupreous (rare), cuprous {chiefly
tech.); spec, cupric.

copper -oolored, a. cupreous (tech. or
learned) .

coppice, a. underwood, copse, hay (dial.
Eng.).

copulate, V. i, unite {conteitual), oouplfl
(chiefly spec). "Copidate" is chiefly lued

copy, n. 1. reproduction, representation;

spec, transcript, coiinterscript, duplicate,
counterpart, facsimile, transfer, offprint,
rewriting, electrotype, eetype, leplica,

Antonyms: see omaiNAi..

t. See IMITATION, PATTERN.

1. mailer; spec, flimsy (slang),
script, typescript or typescript.

I eeuTuI

oonvnlilTC ipamadie.

DooL a.-' sold, thillv. eaim. ddi

exoffO^faJed, ttff-cvrUroilrd-
eooUili: aid.

i.bM'

ooplouc Ol

t^ Sec Notei o

CORRESPOND

eopy, V. t, 1. reproduce; spec, transcribe,
t^e, duplicate, electrotype, rewrite,
transfer, trace, pounce, offprint, etch,
engross, rewrite; see manifold.
Antonyms: see originate.
S. adopt, borrow, follow; spec, echo (fig.);

see IMFIATE, RESEMBLE.

copyist, n. 1. reproducer (rare); spec.
transcriber, writer, scrivener, duplicator,
typist (chiefly cant), typewriter (now
being replaced by ^^typisV^),

S. See IMITATOR.

cord, n. Spec, braid, funicle, cordon, gimp
or guimp, twist; see string, rope, band,

BOND, rib, bowstring.

cordage, n. cording; spec, roping, rope-
work, tackle, service, sennit, sinnet.

cordial, a. 1. See stimulating.
S. sincere, hearty, heartfelt, heartwhole,
heartful (rare), warmth, ardent, vigorous,
earnest.
Anlonyms: see distant.

S. See FRIENDLY.

cordiality, n. good will, sincerity, heart-
iness, heartfumess (rare), empressment
(French), warmth, ardency, vigor, depth,
earnestness.
Anlonyms: see distance.

cordlike, a. restiform (lech, or learned).

core, n. 1. carpel (tech.).^
S. center, interior, inside; spec, draw-
back, mandrel, mandril.
S. See pith, substance.

corky, a. suberic, subereous (rare), su-
berose; — all three tech. or learned.

corner, n. 1. Spec, angle, predicament.
2. angle, coign (chiefly in "coign of
vantage"), coin (065. or archaic), quoin
(chiefly spec.), cantle (chiefly spec), nook
(chiefly spec); spec horn, crook, dog's-
ear, shot, clew.

corner stone, coin or (usuaRy) quoin
(]tx)th obsolescent), headstone (archaic).

cornerwise, adv. diagonally, cater (dial.);
spec, bendwise.

coronet, n. 1. crown; spec tiara.

S. See WREATH.

S. cushion (0/0 /wrse's/ooO.
corporal, n. pall (archaic), mortcloth

(Scot.).
corporation, n. 1. association, company, |

incorporation, society; spec city, bor-
ough.

2. Referring to the abdomen: potbelly
(vulgar); see abdomen.

oorpselike, a. cadaverous (lU. or tech.),
deathlike; spec, ghastly.

corpulent, a. fat, big-bellied (new chiefly
vulgar), bellied (vulgar).

correct, a. 1. right, rightful (rare), regular,
true^ perfect, strict; spec fauTliess,
straight 0^.), pure, grainmatical; see

LOGICAL, ACCURATE, PROPER, TRUE, EX-
ACT, CONVENTIONAL.

Antonyms: see incorrect, illogical,

INACCURATE, IMPROPER, UNTRUE, IN-
EXACT, UNCONVENTIONAL, UNTIMELY.

2. Referring to artistic style, taste, etc:
pure. Attic; spec, classical, academical,
laultless, neat.

correct, v. t. 1. rectify, right, repair, rem-
edy, righten (rare), amend, mend, emend
(rare); spec, emendate, castigate (a text),
reform; see redress.
Antonyms: see falsify.
2. See punish, reprove, counteract.

correction, n. rectification, repair, rem-
edy, amend, reparation, etc

corrective, a. 1. correctory (rare), correc-
tional, amendatory (rare), rectincatory;
spec, emendatory, reformative.
2. See punitive.
S. counteractive, neutralizing.

correctness, n. 1. rightness^ right, truth,
strictness, trueness, perfection, rectitude;
spec, accuracy, propriety, logicality, ex-
actness, conventionality, faultlessness,
grammaticalness.

2. As to artistic taste, style, etc.: purity,
pureness. purism (rare, exc as concrete);
spec, faultlessness, sumpsimus (literary).

correlate, n. correlative; spec, reciprocal,
complement, counterpart, correspondent.

correspond, V. i. 1. agree, concur (us^
vnth "with"), conform (used esp, with
"to"), answer (used with "to"), smt (used
with "with"), square (used with **to"),
quadrate (rare), tally (used with "with"),
respond (rare), match (used with "with");
spec harmonize, homologize (chiefly
tech.), correlate; see reciprocate.
Antonyms: see disagree.

' Cross references: see Note.
ooquet, n.; flirt.
ooquetry: flirtation.
ooquette: flirt.
ooquettlsh: flirtatiotu.
eord, V. t.: string.
eordlal, n.: stimulant, liqueur.
cordon: line, guard.
eork, n.: bark, float, stopper.
ooric, r. t.: stopple, blacken.
eork«r: settler.
oom, n.; grain.
oom, V. t.: granulate, feed.

oomeous; homy.
oom«r, V. t.: perplex, monopo-
lize.

oomerod: angular.
corollary: inference, result.
ocnrona: circle, crown, chanddier.
coronal: croum.
coronary: croum.
coronate: crown.
coronet, v. t.: crown.
corporal: bodily.
corporate: united, material.
corporeal: bodily, material.

corps: body.
corpse: body.
corpus: body.
corpuscle: partide, eeU.
correctional: eorreelive.
corpuscule: partide.
correlate* v. i.: relate.
correlate* v. «.; correapond,

reciproctUe.
correlation: rdation, analogy^

reciprocation.
eorrelatlTc: rdated, reciprocal,

aruUogoua.

17* See Notes of Explanation.
97

OORRESFONDENCB

I. communicate (covUxlut^, write (wi-

bq.).

correspiiiidenoe, n. 1. agreement, con-
formity, conformableness, accord, re-
epondence (rare), respondency (rore),
tally, concurrence; spec, correlation, pro-
portion, equivalence, parallelism, homol'
ogy (chiefly tech.), uniformity; see cON-
3i8TBNcf , HEciFROCirr.
1. communication {eonlexual}, intercouree
(ctmteiiuol), communion (rare), rapport
(Frmch).

1. CoUecHvdy: letters (pi.), writing, writ-
Ligs (pi.).

obrreapondent, a. agreeable, responsive
(rare), conformable, conform (oftaoMHCEn!),
cjncurrent, correaponsive (rare), eorre-
Bponding;8pec. uniform, proportional, rat-
aole, correlative, complemental, relative,
equivalent, homologoua (chiefly tech.); see

CONSISTENT, RECIPROCAL, ANALOQODB.

Antonyms: tee INcONGRUOyB, abbubd.

oortespondent. n. 1. iSpec. correlate,
hon.ologue {chiefly lech.).
t. communicator {amlext-ual; rare),

oonlelble, a. amendable, rectifiable; s}itc.

emendable.
corrode, v. t. consume, gnaw, bite, canker

(rare), mat. cancer.

(fig-), eat (fsp. viilh "away") ; epee. etch
oonotlon, n. consumption, gnawmg; spec.

etching, mat.
eonoslve, a. 1. corroding, consuming,

gnawing, eating, mordant; spec, caustic,

cankerous, burning.
Antonyms." see bland.

t. See ACRID, AcnmoNioDS.
ooRncBte, 0. L furrow, wrinkle;

pucker.
Antonyrm: smooth.
ooiTocated, a. wrinkled, furrowed.
ooirnpt, a. 1. iSee decouposbd.

9. corrupted, wicked, demoralized, im-
moral, impure, dissolute, depraved, vi-
cious, rotten (rndgar or slrongly denuncia-
lixe), putrid (a very strong term), rantjpole
(rare), Neronian (Jig.); see graceless, db-

BAUCHED, CONTAMINATED,
CENTIODS,

Antonyms: see cncorhuptbd, ars(^'

CENT. PURE, SINLESS. CHASTH.

oorrupti V. t. demoralize, vitiate, deprave,
defile, conker, degrade, debase, debauch;'

see BRlfiE, CONTAMINATE, PERVERT.

AjitOTiyjne: see pdrify, reporm.
ooTTuptlon, n. 1. The act: demoralization,
vitiation, depravation, debauchery, deg-
radation.

S. The stale or qwUity: wickedness, con-
tamination, perversion, defilement, poison
(fig.), immorality, impurity, oorruptnesSj
rust (fig.), demoralisation, vice, viUation,
depravity, depravation (rore), depraved-
nesB (rare), depravement (rare), vicious-
ness, filth, vitiosity, rottenness, putridity,
putrefaction (rare), debauchery, degrada-
tion; see CONTAMINATION,

Antmtyms: see pdritt.
oorruptlve, a, demoraliJiing, depravatory,

vitiatory (rare), perversive, debauching,
degrading; spec, contaminative.

A-nionyms: see PURinCiTORT, RBrORHA-

oocset, n. bodice (obs.), stays (pi.).

oortloal, o. corticate, oorticose;— -ofl tech.

oocybBint, n. devotee (amlextiitd), priest
(conteituiai) , orgiaat.

coBmetlo. n. iSpec. powder, paint, paste,
rouae, cream, make-up (a coUeclitie; theat-
rical eant), whitewash.

ooimic, a. I. universal; spec, pancosmio
(rare), extraterrestrial (rare).

1. See VAST, GRAND.
ooBt, n. 1. charge (obsolescent), price.

ooit, [J. i. require; — only approxinu^; there

are no close aynonytns.
oostlr, a. 1, expensive, high-priced, high,

chargeful (obs.), dear, precious (nery

co»tly); spec valuable. Orient, (Mental,

noble, golden (fig.), overcostly, overdear,

diapeDdJDUS (rare).
Antonyms: see cheap.

9. Pyrrhic (fig.; esp.in"Pyrrhic victory").

t. Spec, rich, sumptuous, gorgeous.
oostume, n. clothing, clothes {}A.), dress,

garb, outfit (coHoq.), guise, rig (cotloq,), ,

rigout (eoUoq.); apee. bloomers (pi.; fig.), ,

uniform.
costnmai, n. clothier, outfitter (chiefly J

can/); spec, haberdasher.

I

.■ dnihe.
sioUorinB, fomfarlobU,
thdiered; — a tioridnf ofeoty.

t^" 8h Not** Of XiplaoBtlon.

OOUNTRTBCAN

P

i M. cover, sheath, stall; spec, fingerstall,

thumbstall.

mttace, n. house, room (poetic or archaic);

tpee. bower, chalet, caaino, lodge, cot

(poetic or literary).
fiottrnger, n. cotter, cottar, cottier.
wtnoh, n. 1. See bbd, littbb.

S. Spec, lounge, dormouse, settle, divan,

pulvina (French), chaise-longue (French),

pout (French), via-a-via (FreTtch), daven-

couob, u. (. t. lower (aa a spear; contexlual);
spec, level.

t. See LOWER, REBT,

^

PRBsa.

oonsh, V. i. & t. Spec, expectorate
(lech, or learned), hem, hack.

couch, n. tuaais (med.); spec, hem, hock,
expectoration {faamed or Uch.).

covgh, a. Tech.: bechic, tussal, tussicular,
tussive. "Cough" u the noun used at-
tribulively.

ooanoll. n. assembly (contextual); spec,
congreeation, senate, synod, junta (Span-
iak ana Italian), divan (Oriental), cabmet,
duma, ministry, diet, convocation, bust-
ing (hut.), dccurion (Ramon or Italian
hist.), rada, soviet.

ooundloi, n. Spec, senator, miniBt«r,
decurion (Roman and Italian hist,), elder,
Neator (fig.).

■oiiiit, n. nobleman; spec, earl (Eng.),h.T).d-
Briive,eraf(GeT'.), palatine. palgraveCAigf.).
loiint, V. t. I. compute (contextual), enu-
merate, tell (chiefly spec), score (fig. or
I ipec.), notch (spec, or fig.)

I t. See NAUE, INCXUDE, MAKE, ATTRI-
BUTE, CONBIDBR.

aotuit, V. i, 1. compute, number; spec.
muster.

I. See RELT, TELL, MATTER.

eonntet', n. 1. computer.
>. Spec, chip, dib, fish, dump, lot.

eonntcr, n. table (rare or eojitexlual) ,
board (rare); epec. bar.

oonntaraot, v. t. destroy (eonlextval), op-
poee; spec, nullify, cancel, neutralize, cor-
rect, frustrate, hinder, impede; see coun-
terpoise.

eouDtci balance, v. I. compensate {con-
textual), balance, equate.

oouiteroharBe, v. i, iSi I. answer, recrimi-
nate-

aauBteTolaim, n. set-off; spec, recoup-
ment.

i

Ml
I MM

I

oounterfelt, v. I, I, imitate, forge; apec.
personate, copy, fake; ace pretend, act.

a. See RESEMBLE.

oonaterlelt, ti, imitation, forgery (chiefly
spec.), sham; spec, duffer (slang), doublet,
Brummagem, pinchbeck, dummy.

oo an te f letter, n. imitator (coiUextiud) ;
spec, forger, coiner, pretender, dissembler,
impostor.

countermine, i;. t. A i. counterwork.

oounterpart. n, 1. copy, duplicate, double.
a. hkeness, similitude; spec, picture,
image, like, matcb, parailel, pendant,

1. Spec, oppcffiite, obverse, correlate,
twin, tally, reciprocal, complement, sup-
plement, parallel; see reverse.
oounteipolse, n. 1. balance, counterbal-
ance, counterweight, equipoise; spec.
makeweight, olTset.

a. See COMPENSATION.

oounterpoise, v. I, 1, counteract, balance,
counterbalance, equiponderate (lilerary
and fig.), equilibrate (ckiefiy fig.), equili~
brize (rare), equipoise (rare), counteract
{chiefly in reference to immaterial things);
spec, offset.

oountBTilcn, V. t. sign (amtextTiat); spec.
indorse, attest.

countersljtD, n. signal, sign; spec, pass-
word, shibboleth {hist, or fig.), watch-

oountlnci n, computation (eontexlual),

oauntless, a. innumerable,
(rare), myriad (chiefly poetic), infinite
(archaic or rare), numberless, uncount-
able, uncounted, unnumbered; cf. IN-

countrify, v. t, ruralize, rusticate.
coantry< n. 1. land, resioa.

*. See STATE, PEOPLE.

S. Spec, countryside, champaign {liter-
ary), field (archaic), plain, waste, wild,
heath, fields (pL), forest, meadows (pL),
valley, mountain, uplands (p£.), lowlands
{pi.j, etc.

eountr7 bouse, garden house (Eng,);
spec, countryseat, seat, villa.

oountrrman, n. 1. compatriot (learned or
literary), landsman (rare).

•. See RCBTIC, PEASANT.
county, n. shire (nol an exacl synonym,
though Uie dulrict is usually conlerminous;
Brit.); spec, landgraviate {Ger.), palati-

apec. or fin.), shackle (Jiff- <w spec.); apee.
tlouble; see u:abh.
Antonyms: see nNconPLB.

a. See JOIN, UNITE, ASSOCIATE.

GoupIliiB. n. tie, link, couple, shackle
(chiefiy Jig. or apee.); spec, turnbuokle,

ooaraK«> "- boldness, bravcrv, valor,
spirit, breast (lilerary), pluck, pliickinesa.
Band {slang, V. S.), grit {ilang, U. S.),
heart, fortitude, mettle, nerve, spunk
{coUog.), 8tout--heartedneas, high-nearted-
nesB lliierary), stoutness, proweas, cour-
ageousQeas, daring, derriiig-do (pseudo-
arehaic) , hardihood ; spec, heroiam,
dauntlesanesa, firmness, resolution, man-
hood, pot-valianee, Dutch courage.
Antonyms: see cowardice.

coiuaceons, a. bold, brave, valorous, val-
iant, nervy {slang), game (coUog.), high-
hearted (ii/erary), tortitudinous [rare), ua-
fearful, undismayed, heart-whole (rare),
stout, stanch or staunch, stalwart, mettle-
some, olueky, spiinkv {ailloq.)^ hardy
(literary), lion-hearted {fig,}, gingeroua
or gingery (rare); spec, heroic, resolute
chivalrou8,[firm; see brave.
Anionyjns: see cowakolt.

oonrler. n. runner, messenger, express,
post rider or post {chiefiy hiat. and apee.),
poster (rare); apee. postman {hist.), esta-
tette {French), kavaas (Turkey).

cooTie, n. 1. motion (eonUxtual), currency
(rare), passage, career (Ulerary); see

2. way, track, route, line, tnck (fig. or
spec), path, road; spec, thread, lane, or-
bit, meander, circuit, circle, ambit, ran-
dom (rore), traverse, marchj stadium,
diaulos, w^k, trajectory, traject (rare),
itinerary, racecourse.
>. progress, happening, sequence, cur-
rent, run, tenor; spec, drift, trend, con-
duct, process, lapse; seettoJniHE.
4. See action, series, contcnuance,

CHANNEL, CHABB.

B. Referring lo action, tnork, etc.: round,
bout, turn, run, spell; spec, heat, pull.
t. curriculum (eAie^y apee.), cur8ua((eeA.},
college (rare or local).

7. set (nf dishes al lahle) , service ((wcAaie),"!
spec, dessert. '

Dourt, R. 1. inclosure; spec, curtilago '
(chiefly legal and tech.), peristyle, court-
yurd, quadrangle, cortile {Itatian), par-
vis, ^alio (Italian).

t. tribunal, bench (chiefiy tech.), judica-
tory (chiefiy Scot), bar (fig!), curia
(chiefiy spec.}, judicature {rare}, jurisdio-

tion {fig!); spec, dicastery, ehiremote or
shiremoot (hisl.), huating (Enq.),
chequer (Eng.), hallmote (Auf.),

busting (Eng.),
,_ , -iUmote {Am(.), rota,
{Ttirkish), courUmartial, leet,
Marshalsea (Eng.), sonhedrin, mallum
{hist.), consistory, brotherhood {Eng.),
Inquisition, conservancy, presbytery,
t. attention, addresses (pi.); spec. homa^.
<■ See HonsB, hbtinue, assbublt.

oourt, a. curial, atdic {rare or spec.).
"Court" is Uie noun used altr&mtively.

ooort, V. t. 1. cultivate, haunt. .

a. woo, spark {coUoq.}, sue, gallant (rare),. J
gallantize (rare). 4

invit«, solicit; see seek. I

Antonyrrts: see avoid. ^

court, V. i. woo, spark (coUoq.), philander
{chiefly spec), spoon {slang), bill (chiefly
in "irUl and coo"), sue.

oouttljr, a. 1. aulic (rare).
t. See polite, dignified, EEptNED.

oourtihlii, n. amour, wooing, courtiOA
love-making, suit, love (chiefly in "maS
love"), service (rare or archaic).

oouitn, n. relative (conCexlual), coz {for
"cousin"; chiefly iiaed in fond or famUiar
addrrsa), cousincss f/cm.; rare); spec.
catercousin, cousin {German).
cover, II. (. I. encover (rare), overcovar
(rare); spec, overwhelm, drown (fig.), pro-
tect, invest, clothe, cloak, overspread, veil,
envelop, sheathe, roof, deck, skim, jacket,
shadow, bury, mantle, leather, keckle,
hoodwink (fig.; rare), case, cap, over-
build, overlay, pave, bury, cope, crumb,
cushion, copper, coif, clapboard (U. S.),
canopy, carpet, drape, tent, lay, mulch,
shoe, jacket, overcanopy (rare), shingle,
lag, iufilm (rare), flake, face, front, lori-
cate (rare), net, muffle, dome, house or
house!, mat, fledge, gravel, crape, drift,
cowl, helmet, curtain, armor, lead, lath;

see TOP, OVERSPREAD.

Antonyms: see bare, uncover, strip.

3. See HIDE, DISGCIBE, INCUBATE, SHBIf-

ter, incluoe. ,

I

CRANIUM

c*^); fio- <yr spec, coverlet (Jig.)j coverlid
(fig.), orape, casing, case, coat, vesture,
curtain, cot, lid, cap, helmet, ferrule, fer-
rel, jacket, face^ facing, blanket, table-
cloth, board, blind, boot, tick, bedtick,
tilt, canopy, shoe, down (rare), dome,
capping, skin, screen, envelope, house or
housing, frontal, lorication (rare), robe,
vesture, tarpaulin, volva, baldachin,
baldaauin, husk, screen, muffle, mulch,
panoply, pall, mantle, cloak, film, leather-
mg, overcast, coating, overlay, veil,
sheathing, mantling, blanket, shed, shel-
ter, cot. The word * ^covering' * is generic or
less individual than ** cover" and often ap-
plies to an inseparable layer or envelope to
which cover would seldom apply.
S. Referring to a book: binding, case, lid
(chiefly U. S. and dial. Eng.).
S. blind, cloak; see pretext, disguise.

covered, a. covert (now rare); spec, cased,
blanketed, cuculate, hooded, crusted,
crustate, crustaceous, obtected, etc.
Antonyms: see bare.

covering, n. cover, coverture (literary);
fig. or spec, casing, casement (rare),
weather-boarding, clapboarding, coat-
ing, sheathing, tegument, headgear, en-
velope, crust, panoply; see cot, skin.
Many words under ^' cover" are used also
in a generic sense (in which they do not
take the article "a" or **an") as specific
synonyms of "covering."

cow, n. bovine (contextual); spec, heifer,
humlie or humblie (Scot.), dairy (a collec-
tive; chiefiy Eng.).

coward, n. recreant (rare), caitiff (liter-
ory). nithing or niddering (archaic or
hist.), wheyface (coUoq. or corUemptuous) ,
Scaramouch (fi^.), milksop (colloq. or
corUemptuous), hare (fig.), chicken tjig.);
spec, dastard, craven, poltroon, cur (cor^
temptuou^).

cowardice, n. recreancy (fare), faint-heart-
edness; spec, dastardliness, dastardice,
iobs.), poltroonery.
Antonyms: see boldness, bravery,

COURAGE.

cowardly, a. recreant (rare), faint-hearted,
niddering (archaic); spec, dastardly, pusil-
lanimous, craven, dastard, poltroonish

(rare), white-livered, unmanly, unwoman-
ly. Cf. TIMID.

cowherd, n. herder, neatherd (archaic);
spec, oxherd, cowboy.

cowhouse, n. byre (Ervg. or literary), cow-
shed, shippon or shippen (Scot. & dial.
Eng.).

coy, a, bashful (contextual), reserved,
chary; see distant.

crabbed, a. 1. See ill-tempered, irasci-
ble, difficult, complex.
2. irregular, cramped, cramp.
Antonyms: see smooth.

crab- shaped, a. cancriform (tech.).

crack, v. i. 1. snap; spec, pistol (rare), pop,
explode; «ee crackle.
2. break (contexttial), fracture (contextual);
spec, chap, flaw, split, chink, craze, fissure.

crack, n. 1. break (cordextuaJ) , fracture
(contextual); spec, crevice, crackle, craze,
chink, flaw^ star, cleft, spring, brack,
split, chop, nssure, cranny, rift, rent, chap.
2. See BLOW, SHOT, moment, expert.
S. snap; spec, pop, explosion; see

CRACKLE.

cracked, a. broken, fractured; spec,

crazed, crazy, crackled, crannied, starred,

chapped, split, chappy.
cracker, n. 1. snapper; spec, popper, fire-
cracker, cosaque (French),

2. See BOASTER, biscuit.

S. poor white, tacky (Southern U, S.),
crackle, v. i. break (contextual), crack

(contextual), crepitate (literary or tech,),

decrepitate (literary or tech.),
crackle, n. break (contextual), crack (con^

textual), crepitation (literary or tech.),

crackhng, decrepitation (literary or tech,).
crackling, a. crepitant (tech. or literary),
crackling, n. 1. See crackle.

2. Chiefly in pi.: greaves or graves (pi,;

Eng.), scraps (plX
cradle, n. 1. bed (contextual), cunabula

(pi.; rare).

2. See SOURCE.
crane, n. 1. derrick; spec, jenny, davit.

2. See BOOM.
cranelike, n. gruiform (tech.),
cranium, n. 1. See skull.

2. brainpan, pericranium (affected or hur

morous).

Cross references: see Note.

eorert, a.: covered, secret, shel-
tered, hidden, secluded.

0OT«rt, n.; thicket, sfielter, pro-
tection, feather.

ooTwrtness: secrecy.

ooTwrture: covering, hiding,
protection.

caret: desire.

ooretous: desirous, greedy.

caretoametB: desire, greed.

oorey: brood, flock, company,

covin: deception.

eorlnoai: deceitful.

cow, V. t.: intimidate.

oow, V. i.: shrink.

cowboy: cowherd.

oow«r: stoop, cringe.

cowhide: leather, whip.

oowl: hood, tub.

cowork: cooperate.

oozoomb: cap, dandy, jacka-
napes.

coxswain: steersman.

cosen: deceive, cheat.

oozy: sheltering, comforting,
sheltered.

craft: art, skiU, trade, vessel.

oraftlneH: art.

orafttman: artificer.

crafty: artful.

orag: clif^.

oraggy: precipitous.

cram, v. t.: crowd, ttuff, prets,

surfeit, teach, study.
cram, v. %.: gormandite.
cramp, n. ; damp, retrain, maam,
cramp, a.: narrow, cntbbea.
cramp, v. L: conatrici, restrain,

fasten.

cnunped: «<«#, crabbed.
crane, v. t.: etreieh.

8

17* See Notes of Explanation.

101

urank, n. I. See handle,

1. erratic (roro), vagarian (coU

spec, manomamae. "Crank"

jm colloquial.
orape, n. cr6pe (French); ipee. mourning

{whick te€), weeds (slang).
amb,v.i. 1. break, shatter, smash, shiver.

eiMh, n. 1. See noisb,
). collision, shock, smash.

ermfoa, n. pencil, naate!, chalk.

oreak, v. i. epee. squeak, grind, scroop,
grate, rasp, screak, crank (rare), screech,
striduldte,

ciflBk, n. B^e. squeak, grind, grinding,
scroop, stridor, creaking, rasp, grating,
grate (rare), scream, screak, screech.

craaklns, a. creaky; spec, squeaking,
strident, slridulouB, scrooping, grinding,
screaky, squeak v, raspy, raaprng.

«i«ain, n. I. head (oa ruten on mUk; Brit.),
cr^e (French), scum (rare); spec, froth.
i. Spec, emulsion, cr^e (French), cos-
metic, cordial.
1. See BEST.

oreamy, a. creamlike; spec. luscious, soft.

oreate, v. t. I. make, form, fashion, origi-
nate, constitute, produce, raise, rear; spec.
concreatc (rare), co-create (rare), erect,
procreate; see dbsion,

Anlonj/nts: %ee annihilate, ncujit,

imilAKE, ABOLISH, EXTINGUIGB.
». See EBTABLIBH, CONSTRUCT.

cieatlon, ri. 1. formation, production,
origination, constitutJon, doing (rare),
facture (rare); spec, erect'
procreation, concreation;

DESIGN, IMAGINATION, CACTSATION,

1. Unerring to the thing created: creature
(now lUerary), formation, facture (rare),
production, origination; «pec. cosmos;

Ardtmyns: see cbbatoe.

■. See ESTABLISHMENT.

oivatlTS, a. 1. creant (rare), formative,
originative, productive, constituent, con-
stitutive, poetic (rare); spec, plsalic, pro-
nreative, generative, demiurgic; seecAOS-
_.. ^^ INVENTIVE.

k

nU, n..' baakil. a

Antonyms; see annihilattve,

FAOATORT.

2. See CONSTITUTIVE.
oraatOE, n. author (contextrud), malct

faeliioner, poet (rare), originator,

ducer; spec. Demiurge (pAilog.), Bi

inventor, designer, imagmcr.
Autonyms; see CBbature, creation.
creature, n. 1. creation, being, thing (i

textual); apee. breatlicr {literary),

creation (collectiiie); see person.
AnionyTns: see creator, autho

a. minion; spec, dependent, tool.
orvdential, n. iSpec. testimonial, introduo-

tion, passport, certificate, exequatur,

"Credential' is ■used chiejiy in the pi.
credible, a. believable, hkely, swaUowable

(rare; collog.), trustworthy ; spec, probable.
Anionyma: see incredible.
oredtt, n. 1. iS;)ee. credibility; seesEUEr,

REPUTATION, BONOK,

S. trust, tick (coUoq.), score (arcAoic or

dial.); spec, chalk. '

Anton^fTTie: see CASH.

S. Spec, payment, set-off.
credit, V. t. I. See believe, Ronob.

9. accredit.

I. trust.
creditable, a. honorab!<
creed, n. belief, symbol (theoL); spec.

tenet, doctrine, persuasion, credo (ehiefy

tech.), views (pi.).
oceep, V. i. 1. crawl; spec, forficulate

(nonce word), formicate (rare or med.),

worm, swarm, grovel.

). Referring to plants: run, trail, advBDce

(conlext-utd).

t. Meaning "to go steaUhity": st«al.

4. Referring to ike sensation: crawl; spec,

formicate (rore), forficulale (nonce id "

creeper, n. 1. crawler; spec, reptile.

1. Spec, runner, Hagellum (tech.).

t. crampon, crampet.
OTceplDB, a. 1. crawling, reptant (rare), to- 1

Ct (rare), reptile (chiefly spec.); spec.
nicant (med.), serpent (rare),
t- Referring to a platil: running.
creepy, a. crawlv.
creuate, a. scalloped, notched, indented;!
spec, knurled.

see BBUEf,
(archaic <V^^H

leol.); spe&^^H
-edo (ehiefiif ^^M

forficulate ^^|
■e or med.), ^

I..- cJeranp

'ocktd. ricJctffp, d*> fl

crepitant: rrwIdiHa.
orapitate: rrarklt.
orapuMle: liDifioht.
otapuioular: tMAlxof^t.

t3f Bee NotH of Eiplaoatlou.

CRONT

orescent* n. 1. meniscus {maih.)t lunule
(tech.), liine {chiefly tech.), half-moon (o
loose tt8age)f semilune (a loose usage),
demilune (chiefly spec.), lunette, lunula,
lunulet.
S. Islam (fig.).

crescent - shaped, a. convexo-concave
(contextual; tech.), crescent, crescentic,
crescentiform (formal) , semilunar (/onwo/).
semilunary (a loose usage), meniscal
(rare or tech.), sigmoid (tech.), homed,
lunulate, moony (rare), lunular, lunar,
lunary, lunate.

crest, n. 1. crown; spec, tuft, comb, cop-
plecrown (obs. or dial.), topknot, horn,
plumicom (rare), cockscomb.

S. See DECORATION, PLUME, HELMET,
RIDOE.

S. The top of a wave: spec, comb, curl.

crested, a. Spec, muffed, tufted, copple-
crowned (obs. or dial.).

crevasse, n. cleft (contextual); spec.
schrund (Ger.), chimney.

crib, n. See manger, bedstead, frame.
S. Spec, translation, key, cab, horse, pony,
trot; — all but "translation** and *^key
slang.

crier, n. Spec, croaker, crower, bellman,
muezzin, herald, proclaimer.

crime, n. offense (contexttud), felony,
arson, robbery, murder, rape, burglarjj,
theft, manslaughter, perjury, treason,
embezzlement; see wrong, transgres-
sion, SIN.

criminal, a. 1. unlawful, criminous (rare);
spec, felonious, burglarious, murderous,
treasonous.

Antonyms: see lawful.
S. guilty (contexttud), criminous (chiefly
spec.), crimeful (rare).
Antonyms: see innocent.
S. wicked (contextual), wrong, crimeful
(rare), villainous.

criminal, n. offender (contextual), male-
factor (literary); spec, felon, burglar,
murderer, thief, robber, perjurer, incendi-
ary, traitor, embezzler, defaulter, gallow-
bird.

crimson, n. red (contexttud), cramoisy (ar-
chaic); spec, magenta.

cringe, v. i. cower, stoop, crouch (fig. or
spec.), spaniel (fig.; rare)^ crinkle (obs. or

dial.), fawn, truckle; spec, crawl, grovel,

sneak; see shrink.

Antonyms: see bluster, bullt, swaggeb.
cringe, n. crouch, stoop; see shrink.

Antonyms: see swagger.
cringing, a. abject, servile, spaniel (fig.),

fawning; see obsequious.
cripple, n. lameter or lamiter (Scot.); spec,

paralytic.
cripple, V. t, disable (contextual), lame;

spec, paralyze, maim.
crippled, a. lame, lamish (rare); spec.

paralyzed, maimed.
crisis, n. 1. turn, tuming-pointi hinse

(fig.), climacteric (learned), rub (fig),

pinch (fig.).

S. See juncture.
crisscross, v. t. cross, gridiron.
critic, n. judge; spec, connoisseur, dia-

tribist (rare), reviewer, verbalist, verba-

rian (rare), censurer, zoilist 0^.).
critical, a. 1. critic (rare); spec, dissective,

exacting, hypercritical, supercritical; see

caviling.

2. Spec, judicious, accurate.

S. decisive; spec, climacteric, climacter-

ical, exigent, dangerous, etc,
criticism, n. 1. jud^ent (contextual),

critique; spec, dissection, comment, epi-

crisis (tech.), appreciation, review, re-

viewal (rare), animadversion, hyper-
criticism, nip, zoilism (fig.), diatnbe;

see CENBX7RE, CAVIL, REPROOF.

2. critique; spec, dialectic, dialectics.
criticize, V. t. jud^B, do (contextual); spec.
dissect, review, nay, hypercriticize; «ee

CENSURE, BLAME, REPROVE.

croak, v. i, & t. 1. cry (contextual), quark
(rare).

2. forbode (contextual),
12^ "Croak** is not a synonym of "com-
plain**; "croak** refers to the future; "com-
plain** to the past or to what is fixed upon,

croaking, n. 1. crying (contextual), coaxa-
tion (rare).
2. foreboding (contextual),

crook, n. Spec, dish, jar, pot, pitcher, pig
(Scot.), plate, etc.

crocket, n. ornament^ crotchet.

crocodilian, n. reptile (contextual); spec,
gavial, alligator, crocodile, cayman.

Croesus, n. Dives (fig.); spec, nabob, mill-

Cross references: sec Note.
OTMOent, a.: waxing, crescent-

ahaped.
erest, v. L: crown., top.
orest, V. i.: break.
orestf alien: depreeaed.
eretaoeous: chalky.
oreyioe: deft.

erew: force, company, gang.
crib: steal, plagiarize.
criok: spasm.
crioket: stool.

orlmlnate: accuse, involve.

orlmp, V. t.: gash, impress,
torinHe.

orlmp, n.; flute, wrinkle.

orlmpy: wrinkly, curly.

crinkle, v. %.: wrinkle, ripple.

crinkle, t>. /.; wrinkle, cun.

crinkle, n.: twist, wrinkle, rip-
ple.

crinkly: ripply, wrinkly.

crisp, a.: curly, brittle. Hunt,
sharp, definite, lively, cold, stiff.

crisp, V. L: curl, ripple, hardent

wave.
crisscross, n.: cross.
crisscross, v. i.: cross.
crisscross, adv.: crosswise.
crisscross, a.: cross.
criterion: standard.
critique: criticism.
crock, n.: soot, smut.
crockery: earthenware.
crone: ufoman.
crony: comrade.

ISr See Notes of Explanation.
103

ioniure. billionaire; — applied to a very rich
1 (what conelUuies great riches vaTying
with the time and place)., 'Crcsswi" w Jin.
oiook, n. I. See cctrvb, bend, sindositt.
1. hook, cammock (Seal.; chiefly spec.);

t. evildoer (conUxiiiol) ; spec, malefactor,
cheat, swindler.
oiooked, a. I. cranky irare), crank (Scol.);

, CUBVED,

«rop, n. 1. craw, ingluvies (tech.); spec, geb-
bie (Scot.), gorge.

a. See HANDLE, WHIP, HiEVEHT.

oiopper, n. fall (contexlual), plumper.
It. cronier, crook, paatoral.
. 1. gibbet, crucifix (an erroneous
"X {tech.); spec, chriatcroaa or
(archaic), crosslet, rood (ar-
chaic), tau.

S. mark (contextwil), signature (conlexir
ual), christcroBS (\ '
S. See

'.. I. Meaning "to make the
. , I on or over": sign {archaic),

Bam (archaic), bless (archaic).
%. intersect, decussate liiterary or tech.),
intercross (rare), cut (Jig.; coniexluat),
transit (rare); spec, crisscross, gridiron.
•■ traverse, thwart (rare), cut (chiefly
spec, and vsed with "over"); spec, be-
stride, overstride, overstep, stride.
Antonyms: see adjoin, parallel.

4. traverse, overpass (rare), puss, trans-
vetse (rare), tranapaas (rare), thwart (ar-
chaic), overthwart (rare); spec, swim,
overswim (rare), raft, overetep, repass,
recross, leap, jump, etc.
t. interbreed, mix, crossbreed, inter-
re), hybridize; spec, cross-fertil-
ize. "Interbreed" and "cross" or "eroBs-
fcreed" are ojten distinguished.

«. See CANCEL, OPPOSE.

;. I. transverse, thwart (archaic or
re), traverse (rare), overthwart (rare).

5. See OPPoaiNQ, ill-tempered, recip-
rocal.

croBBbreedlmci ". cross, crossing, inter-
breeding, hybridization; see cross-fer-

1. cnitched (ecd.).

eya, n. strabismus (tech.), cock-cye.

ocoss-fettlUistloii, >i

logaray (tech.).
eiogeiag, n. 1. cross, overpassing, travB

iag, traverse (archaic).

i. Spec, miscegenation;

crossroad, n, crossway, i

course (a eoUedive; literary).
oroBB- shaped, a. decussate (chiefly 6o(.),

crucial (cAie^yanai.), cruciform, cruciate,

cruciferous (hoi.).
croBBtie, n. tie, sleeper (chiefly British),
erossway, n. cross; spec, crossing, cro

walk; see crosbhoad.
croBswlrei, n, pi. reticule, reticle; — both

lech.
croBswlse, adv. across, traverse (rare),.,

thwartwise (rare or archaic), transvereely,:

transverse (rare); spec, crisscross, thwartrJ

ship, askew, awry, sidewise, sideways.

Antonyms: see Lengthwise.
orouoh, V. i. bend (contextual), squat«.

drop; spec, cower, stoop; see CRif
crouch, n. bend (contextual), squa^.

droop; gee chinob, stoop.
crow, n. 1. crake (dial. Eng.); spec, blaok-^

neb (Scot.), HCaldcrow (load), chouEti

(Comigh), jaj; (ConiisA), hoodie or hoo^

(Seal.), corbie (Scot.), grayback, gor-

t. cry (eoni&ctuai), song (eoniextual; liter-
ary or tech.), cock-a-doodle-doo (eoUoq.),

«TQw. V. i. 1. cry (contextual), sing (eonUxh.
ual; literary or tech.), chanticleer {rare).
a. See EXULT.

■trow, a. corvine (literary or tech.).

oiowbsr, n. gravelock (ohs. or dial. Eng,),
crow; spec, pinch, pinchbar, jemmy,
betty.

crowd, n. 1. gathering, concourse (liter-
ary), horde, press, drove (disparaging),
mass, mob (chiefly disparaging), host,
herd (disparaging), swarm, ruck (dis-
paraging), rout, pack, cram, jam, crush,
huddle, throng.
I. See mcltitude, popttlacb, pbessubb.

crowd, II. (. 1. See hasten, push.
1. Rejcrring to persons brought uncomfort-
together: gather, huddle, over-

I

ably dose t<

B NotM ot EiplanatloD.

CRUST

die, cram, overcrowd, tuck, ram, com-
press; wedge.

4. Referring to the place in which things or
persons are brought or placed too close to-
gether: spec, pack, jam, cram, wedge, over-
crowd, overcnarge, throng, gorge, congest.

crowd, V. t. 1. See hasten.

5. gather, collect, congregate, huddle;
spec, throng, mob, press, crush, herd,
serry {literary)^ swarm, cram, wedge,
huddle, nestle, jug, shoal; see snuqqle.

Antonyms: see scatter, straggle.

crowded, a. 1. full, packed, jammed, etc.
S. thick, serried (literary) , thronged, etc.
Antonyms: see thin,

crowding, n. 1. press, throng; spec, hud-
dlement.
2. See pressure.

crowlike, a. corvine, corvoid (chiefly spec.) ;
—both tech.

crown, n. 1. chaplet, coronal, corona
(Latin) f ring (contextual) j crownal (obs. or
archaic) J circlet, diadem (now chiefly po-
litical or rhetorical); spec, crownlet, coro-
net, aureola, aureole, bays (pi. used with
*Hhe' ), festoon, laurel, wreath.
2. head-dress; spec, pschent (Egyptian),
S. top, crest; spec, copplecrown, top-
knot, cockscomb.

4. top, climax, complement.

5. top (contextual) f sinciput, poll, vertex.

6. See SOVEREIGNTY, SOVEREIGN, HEIGHT,
PERFECTION, REWARD, CREST.

crown, a. coronary. *^ Crown*' is the noun

used attributively.
crown, V. t. 1. coronate (rare), diadem

(rare, exc. in p. p. diademed); spec, coro-
net, laurel; see wreathe.

2. top; spec, culminate (rare), cap, head,

pinnacle (rare), crest.
crowned, a. incoronate (rare), diademed;

spec, garlanded, wreathed, laureled,

laureate.
crowning, n. coronation (the formal word

for the ceremony),

crownlike, a. Spec, garlandish, garlandy.
crucifixion, n. 1. Spec, Calvary.

2. See REPRESSION.

crucify, V, t, 1. execute (contextual) f hang
(obs.),
2. /See REPRESS.

crude, a. 1. raw, unfinished, unprepared;
spec, rough, unwrought, unmanufactured,
half-baked, unbaked, green, undiluted,
unfulled, unburnt, unrefined, undressed,
unmalted, undigested, untamed, rawish,
imcut, etc.

2. raw, imfinished, crass, imperfect; spec
plain, rude, tasteless, rough, gross, axt&sB,
mcondite (rare), harsh, inartistic, half-
baked, immature, ineloquent, sketchy,
rough, bold, bare, etc.; see clumsy.
Antonyms: see accomplished, nice,

SUBTLE, REFINED, SKILLFUL, ELEOAMT.
S. See UNRIPE, ROUGH, COARSE.

cruel, a. 1. cold-blooded, cold, unfeeling,
hard-hearted, hard, harsh, imkind (a
euphemism), heartless, fell (rhetorical or
poetic), severe, felon (poetic); spec, dev-
ilish, atrocious, savage, barbarous. Dra-
conian, swinish, boarish, brutal, butch-
erly, brute, inhuman, brutish, sanguinary,
tigerish, wolfish, fiendish, iron, merciless,
ruthless, pitiless, ferocious, truculent, in-
compassionate.
Antonyms: see gentle, compassionate,

KINDLY, KIND, MERCIFUL.

2. Figuratively: spec, severe, sharp, hard,
unfavorable, etc,

cruelty, n. cold-bloodedness, coldness,
harshness, unkindness (euphemistic), fell-
ness (poetic or rhetorical); spec, deviltry,
deviliy, atrocity, truculence, barbarity,
savagery, etc.
Antonyms: see compassion, gentle-
ness, MERCT.

cruise, v, i, ran^; see voyage, sail.

cruise, V, t, navigate, range.

cruiser, n. man-of-war; spec, corvette,
battle cruiser.

crumbly, a. breakable (contextual), friable,
crump (Scot, & dial, Eng.), soft (context-
ual), crummable (rar^; spec, rotten,
short, brittle, pulverizable (contextual),
slack, moldery (rare), brashy.
Antonyms: see strong.

crunch, v, t, chew (contextual), cranch or
craunch (obsolescent), grind, crush, press,
scrunch.

crupper, n. 1. Referring to part of a harness
or saddle: loop (contextual), dock.
2. See RUMP.

crush, V, t, 1. bruise (rare), press (coniexi'
tud), pash (archaic); spec, mash, smash,
squash, grind, jam, cranch or craunch
(obsolescent), crunch, scrunch.
2. See PRESS, ovbbcome, oppress,

CROWD, DESTROY.

crush, n. 1. pressure (corUextual), pash (or-
chaic); spec, mash, grind, cruncn, squash.
2. See PRESSURE.

crust, n. 1. coat (contextual), skin (conr
textual), incrustation, cake, coatins
(chiefly spec), crustation (rare), rind

Cross referenus: see Note.
oruoUd: decisive.
oruoiflz: ctobb.
omoUorm: croas^ahaped,
omet: bottle.

oruise: sail, voyage.
orumb, v. L: eommintUe,
orumble: dinntegrate.
orump: chew.
crumple: wrinkle.

omnohtng; preaaure.
orusade, n.: wear, tnovemerU.
crusade, v. i.: war, campaign,
cruse: bottle, jvg, jar.
crush lug: preaaure.

ISr See Notes of Explanation.
105

(ehiefiy spec.), encruatment; spec, ahell,
effioreacence, druse, pie crust, case, sourf
(rare), sinter, scale.
1. See SCAB.
omit, f. I. cake; spec, effloresce, aver-

omst, P. (. incruHt w encruat, cake, in-
cruatote (rare); spec, bark, enamel.

ory, u. i. t. Referring lo neraons: Bjiee.
shout, exclaim, clamor, call, blare, bray
iapec. or Aumoroua), chuckle, cluck, coo,
oroak, crool, croon, croup, crow, chirp,
chirrup, holla, hollo, holloa, hoop, hoot,
howl, liilliloo, peep, pule, screak, screech,
Bhrill, squall, squeak, squeal, whimper,
yang (rare), whoop, yell, yoop (rare); aee

Anhm]/7n»: see i^uor, smile.
% Beferrina lo animala: spec, call, note,
baa, Day, l>ell, howl, sing, blare, blat,
bleat, boo, bow-wow, bray, cackle, cauk
(dial.), caterwaul, caw, cawk, cheep,
chim, chirp, chirr, clutter, cluck, clock
(rare), coo, crake, croak, crook {dial.),
cuckoo, drum, gabble, ^gglc, hee-haw
IcoUoq.), honk {U. S. & Con.), hoot, juck,
juke, jug, keckle, low, mew, miaow,
mewl, miaul, moo, neigh, open, peep,
pew, potnvck (rore), purr, quack, scape,
screak, scream, acreech, shriek, shrill,
squeak, squawk, trumpet, twitter, weet,
wepe (anoTieeioord), whimper, yelp, yowl;

SM BASK, BELLOW, CniRF, CROW, ROAS.

%. lament, weep; epec. squall, wall, whim-
per. Bob, bawl, snivel, blubber.
AnioKijms: see rejoice, lauqh.
4. See APPEAL, MotntN.

ory, V. X. I. utter {amlexiuid); spec, shout,
exclaim, proclaim.
a. See HAWK.

ory, n. I. Referring to peraons: utterance
(,conlextu(d); spec, shout, exclamation,
scream, clamor, call, blare, boo, boohoo,
bray (obs. or humoroua), cackle, chirm,
chirk, chirrup, chuckle, check, coo,
croak, crool, croup, crow, gabble, hollo,
holloa, hoot, hoaanna, bowl, tulliloo, lure,
peep, quaver, roar, screak, screech,
ahn^, shrilling, anivel, sob, squall,
squawk, squeal, wail, whimper, whoop,
yang (rore), yoop (rare), yell; sec bellow,

SHOUT, SCREAM.

t. Referring to animals: spec, note, call,
boa, bark, bay, bell, blare, blat, bleat,
boation (rore), boo, boom, bow-wow, bray,
buUer (Scot.), bumble (cant, dial.), cackle,
caterwaul, caw, cawk, cheep, chirm.

chirp, chirr, clock (rare), chuckle, clucl^ 1
cou, crake, croak, cronk (dial.), gabble, ^
gaggle, gobble, gobblement (rare), growl,
hee-haw (coitoo.), honk ([/. S. & Can.),
hoot, howl, jucK or juke, jug, keckle, low,
mew, mewl, miaow, maul, moo, neigh,
pheal (rare), purr, ouack, scape, screak,
scream, screech, snriek, shrill, song,
squall, squawk, squeak, squeal, trumpet,
twitter, wail, weet, weke, whimper,
whoop, yelp, yowl; see cbi

■. See APPEAL, T

4. weep (rare); tpee. boohoo, wail, whin>- I

per, squall, sob, bawl.

Anlonjfms: see l

' " o. 1. (TV-S

opposed to "colhid"), oryatalli-n

form (tech.): spec, drusiform, glacial.

1. See CLEAR.
Dryttal, f. i. Crystallize.
oryital-caie, I', i. scry, "Cryalal-gaee"

rare, exc, in the form "crystcurgaring."
crystal- gaaer, n, seer (ctmfezluai), scrye
orystBlliie, v. t. solidify {conUxiual), ooi

geal (cimlextuat) , crystal (rare arid tiUr- |

ary); spec, candy, shoot.
oub, n. offspring (eonfextwd), whelp,
cube, n. 1. soUd (amlexlual) , die {chieflg I

orcAi(ec(iiroi), hexahedron (jfeom.). f

5. pToduct(c(m^xfuai), power (coTttexluaJ), I
ouokold. n. comute (archaic), cornuto (or- I

ehaic); spec, wittol. I

ouokold, B. t. born (obe.), comute (or- I

ouokolded, a. horned, cornuted (arcAatc),

forked (obs. or archaic).
oudEel, n. A v. club; spec, bastinado, ]

crab, bludgeon, baton, batoon (arcAate). 1
cue, n. I. queue, pigtail or (for short) tail 4

(edloq. or humorous); spec, braid, plait, I

S. See FILE.
onfl, n. blow (conlexluor).
ouO, i>. t. strike (contextiiai), slap, box, buF- 1

fet, handicuff (aUhq.). f

oul-de-wo, n. pocket, impasse (Prmeh), J

no-thoroughfare. "Cttl-d^sac" ia Frenob. ^
oulmlnate, f. t. top (coUog.).
oult, n. t. cultus; spec, worship.

I. See DEVOTION, rite, homage
onltlvate, v. t. 1. farm, till (noio cMeJljf 1

spec.), work, culture (rare), labor (rare);

spec, garden, hoe, rake.

i. R^erring lo working on plants: grow,

husband (rare); spec, hoe, earth.

CURMUDGEON

S. See CIVILIZE, refine, pursue, court,

FOSTER.

oultiTation, n. 1. fanning, tillage (now
chiefly spec,), husbandry, culture, tilth
(rareorliierary).

S. Referring to work on plants: growth,
culture.

S. See CIVILIZATION, refinement, pur-
suit, FOSTERAGE.

oulture, n. 1. See cultivation.
S. Spec, education, development, en-
lightenment, civilization, humanism, hu-
manity (archaic) f Uterature (rare); see

REFINEMENT.

Antonyms: see barbarism.
cuneiform, n. writing (contextual) ^ print

(contextual); spec, sphenogram.
ounningy a. 1. See skillful, artful,

PRETTY.

2. interesting (contextual), cute (coUoq.),

cup, n. 1. Spec, chalice (poetic^ elevated,
or eccl.), mazer (065. or hist.), goblet (ar-
chaic, exc. spec), noggin, mug, pannikin,
porrin^r, jorum (coUoq.), stein (German),
cannikin, cyathus, tazza (Italian), cylix,
calix, can, bumper, chark (Russian),
beaker, rhvton, standard, taster, bucket,
gourd, goddard (obs. or dial.),
S. See SHARE.

cupbearer, n. Ganymede (hist, or fijg.),
Hebe (hist, or fi^.),

cupboard, n. closet; spec, buffet, locker,
press.

oupld, n. love, Eros (Greek), ** Cupid'* is
the Latin god.

oup- shaped, a, calciform (rare), poculi-
form (tech.), cupped, cuppy (rare); spec.
cupular, cupulate, cotyliform, cotyloid,
calathiform, cyathiform.

curable, a healable, remediable, mendable
(06a. or dial.), recoverable, medicable.
Antonyms: see incurable.

curate, n. minister (contextual), rector,
vicar.

curative, a. beneficial, restorative, cura-
tory, healing, remedial, medical (rare),
consolidant (rare), salutary, sanative
(rare), sanatative, sanatory; spec, medic-
able (rare), medicinal, incamative (rare),
recuperative, recuperatory, vulnerary.

curb, n. 1. See control, restraint,

MARKET.

S. inclosure; spec, collar, puteal.

curd, n. coagulum; spec, clabber, bonny-
clabber.

curdle, v, t, & i, coagulate.
cure, n. 1. ^ee ministrt, bemedt, r&

COVERT.

2. preservation (rare or ajfected); spec, en-
sik^, coming, smoking, jerkins, etc.

cure, V, t, 1. heal, rem^y (rare), recover,
sanitate (rare), sanitize (rare), restore,
mend (archaic), leech (archaic); spec,
cicatrize, incam (rare).
Antonyms: see disease.
2. preserve; spec, ripen, ensilate, ensile
or ensilage, kipper, season, jerk, dry,
smoke, pickle.

curiosity, n. 1. curiousness, inquiringness.
inquisitiveness (chiefly used in a had
sense); spec, pr^gness, prying, question-
ing, interrogation.
Antonyms: see indifference.
2. article (contextual), curio, brio-&-brao
(a collective).

curious, a, 1. See nice, odd, elaborate.
2. inquiring, inquisitive (chiejly tued in a
bad sense); spec, seeking, inquisitorial, in-
quisitional, zeteticj interrogative, prying,
questioning, scrutinizing, mousing, per-
contatorial (rore), supercurious.
Antonyms: see indifferent.

curl, n^ 1. roll (contextual), convolution
(tech, or learned), volute (tech, or learned);
see twist, coil, spiral.
2. Referring to the hair: buckle (archaic),
ringlet, feak (rare); spec, cannon, curlicue,
frizz, frounce, frizzle, kink, lovdock, kin-
kle, favorite, toupee.

curl, V. t. 1. roll (contextual); see twist,
coil, spiral.

2. Referring to the hair: spee, kink, frizz,
frounce, frizzle, crinkle, crimp, crisp,
Phiygianize (nonce word).
S. Keferrina to the state: buckle; spec,
crispation (rare), crispature (rare).
4. See crest.

curl, V, i, roll (contextual); see wave, bipple.

curled, a, rolled (contextual), convolute
(leamisd or tech.)^ volute (learned or tech);
spec, coiled, cychcal, involute; see curly.

curly, a. Spec, curled, kinky, frizzly,
frizzy, crimpy, kinklea, spiry (rare),
fuzzy, crisp, wreathy.

curly- haired, a. Referring to a dog: spec,
feathery.

Cross references: see Note.
oaltlTat«d: aHificial, refined.
ooltUTMl: refined.
oultus: ctdt.
oulTwrt: drain.
oumber, r. t.: hamper, burden.
oomber, n.; burden.
oumbersoine: hindering, bur-

densome, unwieldy.
oombrous: unwieldy, clumay.
oamolate: accumulate.

oumulus: heap, cloud.
ouneifonn: wedge-shaped.
cunnlnCf n.: skill, art.
cupidity: greed.
cupldous: greedy.
cupped: cup-shaped.
cuppy: cup-shaped, pitted.
cupreous: copper, copper-col-
ored.

cur: dog, coward, tmretch.
curacy: ministry.

curator: custodian,
curatory: eurcUive.
curb, V. t.: restrain, aubdtte.
curd: coagulum.
curdle: coagulate.
cur^ n.: minister.
curfew: ringing.
curio: curiosity.
curioumets: curiosity.
curlicue: curl.
curmudgeon: niggard.

|^~ See Notes of Explanation.

107

ciment, a. 1. iSee prevalent, PASSitni,

). Befaritig to money, etc.: circulatjve
(rare), circukting.

S. accepted, received, abroad, afloat;
apec Benerid, rife.

" " ' - ■> expense, etc.: occurrent
al.

S. atream; spec, tide, race, rip, draught,
underset, uodertow, roost (local; BriiUli).

curry, v. t. I. comb {cordextual), curry-
comb, groom.

*. Figuralimly: apec. tickle, scrape, beat,
blight, plague; see thrash.

curse, V. t. I, moledict {rare), devote, exe-
crate {learned), auathematize (learned and,
property, firmal), bless (eix-pkemUtic or
iron tea/), damn {nowchiejiymedvutgaTly),
ban (archaic), blank (euoAemuf ic) , ousa
(vulgar or coUoq,,andeupkemislie; U. S.),
shrew or beshrew (arcluiic), pest (rare);
spec, hoodoo.
ArUonyma:

TROUBLE.

onrae, v. i. blaspheme, profane (rare), pest
(rare), anathemivtiio (learned and, ■prop-
erty,foniial), execrate (learned), fulminate
(fiS. or lech.).

oniM, n. I. malediction, execration (learn-
ed), imprecation, anatheuia (properly, for-
nud), ban (archaic), blessing (eupherrmlU:
or ironieai), malison (archaic); spec, ma-
ranatha, excommunciation, hoodoo, damn
; ' T archaic; orig. a vulgar
ejaeuialiDn) . "Curse" is the vernacular

S. Spec, trouble, calamity, pest.
QUTiad, a. I. damnable (tune chiejiy imlgar
and vro/arie), execrable (now vwkened in
force), infernal (coUoq. and euphemistic),
confounded (nota euphemistic); see ac-

«, See HATEFtn,.
cnrHtDK. n. malediction, execration.
Atitonytns: see BLEseiNo, peater,
curiluc a. Bxecratory, execrative.
Duraory, a. passing, transient, running;

spec, haaty, hurried; see CAtu:t£ss, super-

euTt, a. 1. See short, BRn:F.

9. brief (contextual), short, snappish,

snappy; spec, tart, brusque.
Antonyme: see oraciods.
eurt»ln, n. screen, ridel or ritldel (arclutic),

mia: let Halt. ooRTOomh: ,

veil (cftie^y Jt|

. . J^-)i" spec, drop, purdah (EaA
India), portiere (Frendi), arras, lambre-
quin ((/. S.), valance, shade.

cnitaiii, v. t. screen (conUxtiud), veil
(chiefly fig.); spec, shade.

ourtiy, onrtaey, n. civihty (contexiuafl,

coTTatuTv, n. t. Referring lo the action or
ad: bend, curve, bending, curving, curva-
tion; apec. camber (chiefly lech.), round-
ing, prociirvation, incurvation, recurva-
tion, recurvature, convexity, convexneas
(rare), concavity, winding, concavenen-j
(rare), retroflexion, sheer.
8. See cnRVB.

curve, n. t. Referring to the stale o. ....
form produred: bend, curvature, inflectlral
(fiferar^), compass (tech.), bent (rare'y^
spec, bow, crook, round (archaic), roun
about, arc, flex, arch, bight, sinus, c
curvation, recurvation, retroSex, recun
tiire, sweep, epicycloid, conchoid, cato-
nary, ourl, sheer, eUlpse, evolute, cycldd,
eTctradoB (architecture), logistic, polbode,
ogee, epitrochoid, herpolhode, gadroon,
twist, incurvatjoa, wind, circle, wave, con-
vexity, convex (Tare), concavity, concaw I
(rare), geanticlinal, gcosynclinm, oxboWrV
coil, sinuosity, turn, spiral. M

2. See cuRVATnaB. ^

•■ Referring to a curved Aing: apse, bend, '
bow, cambrel (068. or dial., crwik.

aurve, v. t. A i. bend, turn, inflect, round,
crook; spec, bow, embow, twist, arch, arc,
decurve, camber, incurve, incurvate, n-
cunre, recurvate, reflect, wind, hook, J
spire, coil.

Antonyms: see straighten. I

oiuTed, a. bent (primarily spec.), bowed, 1
curvato (rare), crooked, curvilinear; gjiec. '
roundish, rounded, spherical, arched, in-
bent, reflex, incurved, campylotropoua,
embowed (liUrary), retorted (rare), con-
cave, convex, bulging, sweepy, arcuato.
crumpled, camera^, eompaaa, cl___
circinal, crescent, falcate, falcatod, n
date, elUptic, circular, oval, tortile (1
recurved, recurvate;

Antonyms: see ANQtJIuUt, f .

cuTTflt. n. jump (contextual), leap (eo
ual), courbette (French), vault.

cuahion, n. I. pillow; »p«c, pad, w . _._,
bolster, panel, mat. wad, compress, buck*
ram, pillion, basa, nassock, quilt.

a. See BUFFER.

DnBhlon, V. t. 1. Spec, pitd, protect, 1
ster, cover, scat, wad, quilt.

iJv. dip. depriw.
W Bee HotM ttt EiplaiMtion

CZAR

2. rest, pillow.

cushioned, a. Spec, padded, gamboised,
quilted.

cushion- shaped, a. pulvinate (tech,).

cusk, n. torsk.

cusp, n. point (contextual), apex, peak,
cuspis (tech.); spec. horn.

custodian, n. guardian, guardianess (fern,;
rare)f keeper, custodier {Scots law), custos
(Latin); svec. conservator, curator, cura-
trix (fern.), warden, concierge (French),
janitor, janitress, tutor, sacrist, sacristan.

custom, n. 1. practice, use (now rare),
praxis (rare), usage (properly spec.), con-
suetude, wont (now chiefly literary), fash-
ion (diiefly spec.), dustoor (East India);
spec, rite, localism, way, manner, proce-
dure, prescription, institution; see con-
vention, HABIT.
S. See CONVENTIONALriT, TAX.

S. patronage, support.
customary, a. accustomed, wonted, usual,
consuetudinary (rare), ordinary (context-
ual), regular; spec, everyday, natural,
traditioiml, traditionary, nomic, pre-
scriptive; see CONVENTIONAL, HABITUAL.

Antonyms : see unaccustomed, un-
conventional, OBSOLETE, OCCASIONAL,
ODD.

customer, n. 1. buyer, purchaser, patron.
S. See FELLOW.

customhouse, n. douane (French), do-
gana (Italian).

cut, V, t. & i. 1. incise (teamed, except in
p. a. **incised"), incide (rare), separate
(contextual); spec, carve, cleave, truncate,
lance, scarify, bite, dissect, snear, poll,
shave, skive, scissor, snip, saw, bite,
scythe, slice, sUt, slash, knife, mince,
chop, barb, poll, chisel, sculpture, chip,
mow, reap, gouge, hack, hash, nick, hew,
facet, saber or sabre, score, scotch, flitch,
gash, crimp, crease, hog, shred, lop, dock,
carbonado, roach, clip, crop, trim, cas-
trate, whittle, pare.

2. See SEPARATE, PENETRATE, CROSS,
SHORTEN, SWITCH, DIMINISH, REDUCE, DE-
PART (v. i.).

S. Referring to the sensibilities: hurt, bite,
sting, pain, wound.

4. ignore, rump (rare; slang); see slight.
out, n. U Referring to an act: cutting
(rare), incision (learned), incisure (rare);
spec, gash, nick, discission (rare), bite^
crop, scotch, shave, shear, clip, snip,
carve, slit.

2. Referring to the place or form made by
cutting: spec, cutting, gash, slash, nick, in-
cision (learned), scotch, notch, channel,
furrow, passage, groove, jad, facet.
S. Referring to a piece or part cut off or oui:
spec, cutting, clipping, shaving, peel,
scrap, mowing, crop, fall, snip, paring,
sHce.

4. Referririg to a piece of meat or food cut
off: spec, joint, sparerib, fliitch, clod, col-
lop, cnop, sUce, steak, crop, round, snoul-
der, neck, brisket, rump, etc.

5. See ENGRAVING, STYLE, SWITCH, PAS-
SAGE, SARCASM, TAX7NT, SLIGHT, ABSENCE.

out, a. Spec, gashy, shorn, tonsured,
slashed, carv^, carven (rhetorical),
hacked, cleft, etc,

cuttable, a, sectile (learned or tech.), sec-
able (rare); spec, cleavable.

cutter, n. Spec, cleaver, diamond, 6cra-
seur (French), colter or coulter, cropper,
carver, clipper, chopper, microtome,
mower, hewer, hook, blade, shear, sickle,
scythe, knife, etc.

cutting, a. 1. sharp, incisive (learned), in-
cisory (rare), sectorial (learned); spec,
edgy.

2. Referring to lanquage, etc.: sharp, bit-
ing, stinging, wounding; see acrimonious,

SARCASTIC.

cutting, n. 1. Referring to the action: cut
(rare), incision (learned), section (chiefly
tech.), scission (rare); spec, tonsure, exci-
sion, concision, shaving, clipping, etc,
2. See CUT.

cycle, n. 1. See circle, round.
2. period; spec, saros, a^.

5. wheel (colloq.), machme (coUoq.), bike
(slang); spec, bicycle, tricycle, quad-
ricycle, tandem, pneumatic, quartet,
qumtet, quintuplet, hydrocycle, motor-
cycle.

cyclic, a, 1. circular; — chiefly of poems,
periods of time, etc,

2. See RECURRENT.

cylinder, n. Spec, rundle, cannon, drum,

cage, barrel, fly, roll; see roller.
cylindrical, a. cylindraceous (rare), cylin-

dric (rare), cylindriform (rare), round

(contextual; spec), cylindroid.
cynic, n. 1. See philosopher.

2. misanthrope, pessimist (contextual),
cynical, a. 1. See surly.

2. S^. Diogenic.

S. misanthropic; spec, sneering, satirical,

censorious.

Cross references: sec Note.
cuipid: canine.
cuspidate, ouspidated; point*

ed, ornamented.
onspidor: spittoon.
onstody: care, imprisonmerU.
customable: taxcMe.

out-and-dried: prearranged,

conventional.
cutaneous: akin.
cute: cunnijig, ekrewd, dever,
cuticle: skin.
cutlass: award,
ontty: ahart.

cycloid: circular.
Cyclopean: giganHct maaaive.
cydorama: ahow.
cynosure: attratAion,
cyst: cheat, aac,
cystic: veaieular,
osar: monardi.

1^* See Notes of Explanation.
109

d»b, c. t. I. strike (contextiial), tap; »pec.

peek, slap, pat.

S. See SPOT.
dkb, n. I. stroke {contextual), tap; spec.

peck, slap, pat.

i; spec. splasR, paddle, patter, plout«r

(ckiejly Scot.).

S. potter, trifle, smatter, get. potter.
dabblvr, n. 1. mudlark (cnUoq.),

a. dabster, potterer, siiiatl«rer; spec.

BcioUst (learned). Cf. bunqle.
ATUonjpns: see expert.
dB«Br, n. 1. weapon (contextwd), point

(juno rare), tickler (slang), Skene (archaic

or hut.), paraionium (Creek ajUiq.),

Erog (rare); spec, poniard (lilerary), bod-
in (archaic), atoghan, creese, crease,
kris, kuttar, misericord, dirk, stiletto,
stylet, poigDBdo or pomado (aTchaic),
left-hander, khanjar, dudgeon (archaic),
i. In ■printing: obeliak ; s'pec. dieaia (double
dagger).

daUr, a. diurnal, quotidian (i
Antiynyms: see noctdrnal

dainty, a. 1. See palatable,
PASTiniocs, NICE.

9. beautiful, pretty, elegant, delicate, neat,
trim, tricksy (rare), e^quiBit&(ver!/ dainty) ,
Antonyms: see DOLT, CLDMsy, coarse.
I. nice; spec, squeamish, fosUdioua, eic-
quisite.

d^*, n. tribune (contextual), platform (con-
textual), hautpas (French); spec, estradc
(rare), half-pace, footpace.

dim, n. obstruction (amteiinal), barrier
(cmtexlJuU), weir; spec, barrage.

dam, D. I. obstruct (context juil), bay; spec.
pond (Eng.).

danoe, n. 1. measure (poetic), saltation
(cap. characterized by Itaping steps; rare);
spec, valse, courante, courant, country-
dance, walti, strathspey (Scot.), eun
dance, BCguiditla (Spanish), tAngo,
turkey-trot, bunny-hug, onestep, two-
st«p, Doston, gennan, saraband, saltarello
(Italian), schottische, shuffle, roundelay,
round, tarantella, rigadoon, Romaika, roly-
poly, ridotto (tlalian), juba (U. S.), tam-

bourio, pas, pasaepied, grandfather, n
ris, minuet, hay, pavan (hiist.), danse K
abre {French), danoe ot death, gave ...
hobble, boedown ((/. S.), brewt-down,
hornpipe, gallaird (hist.), gallopade, ^op,
bolero, contre-dance, cotillion or cotillon,
corroboree, Cracovienne (French), brawl,
cachuaha, canary, oancan^ caper, cann&-
gnole, polka, reel, kantikov, quadrilla,]
ning,jig,lavolta(fiist.j,farandole(^V'encA}^
fandango (Spanish), cnemise (cant),

». party (contextual), assembly (txmt

wu); spec, ball, hop {slang or ooUoq.yfM
promenade, naiitch (India).
danoe, c. i. A t. foot (chiefly wiih "t('*j
rare); spec, step, trip (U), tread (cotwj
textual), waltz, tripudiate (rare), rigadtnitW

play, bob, jjggle, jig, jig^, bobble;J
spec, caper, jump, dandle.

dancer, n. Terpsichore (jig.),
(masc,; French), fiaurant* (Jem.; .

danseuse (/em.; French); spec. Biagpr,M
kicker, coryphee, matachin. I

danolng, n. footing (conlexlutd) , oraheatiol
{the art; rare), Terpsichore {as an art; fig.),. M

danclnc, a. 1. saJtatorial, saltatory; — bolk I
learned.
». See JK

danolnc cirL Spec, bayadere (India), J
geisha (Japanese). L

dandy, n. 1. fop, coxcomb or (less laual) 1
cockscomb, esquisite, fopling, popinjftf |
(archaic), petit-maltre (French!, beau, ,
beau-gargon (French), jackanapes (ar-
chaic), man milliner (contemptuoiu; ar-
chaic), jack-anjandy (archaic), prick-me-
dainty (archaic), buck (ardtaic), mus-
cadin (French), bawcock (obs.), toff
(atartg, Eng.), skipjacic (archaic), dudine
(female dude; coUoa.), swell (eoUoq.), duds
(one excessively dandified); spec, tnajo
(Spanish), incroyable (French), hautton
(French), taahionablea (pi.).
Antonyms: see sloven, raoaudtpi
S. Sea FINE ONE.

dandy, a. foppish, smart {archai.
obs.), exquisite, dudish (implying excess),
coxcombical, jackanapish (rare), buckiu
(arehaie), dandified, lardy-dardy (slang).
Antonyms: see shabby, slovenlt.

daudylim, n. foppery, foppishness, ex>

I

I A^m

quiBitiam (implifing excess), exquisiteness
fimjJl^npezceMl.inacaromsm (rare), dud-
ism Ivnplifing excess), ooxcombery, jacks/-
napery (.rare), j&ck-a-dandyiam (archaic),
peacockery (diaparoffing or cottlemplxmiis).
dkngeii n. hazard, riak, peril, ieopardy;
^ee. venture, rock {something dangerous;

Antonyms: sse 8AFE1T.
iceioiis, a. bad (amtexlual), risky, haz-

^

tickliA " (coiioj.), nice^ kittle (Scot, or
lUerary). delicate, eenouB, ugly, nasty,
adventurous, breakneck, thorny.
AjUonyms: see bape.

danBlsi c. t. hang, pendulate (rare);
spec, awing, jiggle.

dapple, a. spotted, variegated; spec.
dapple-gray.

dappla, V. I. spot, variegate.

dare, v. t. I. See cuallenqe, tace, deit.
9. undertake, venture; — nol close ayn~
Bntfms.

dare-devil, n. devil [coUoq.), madcap.

dark, a. 1> Spec, olracure, tenebrous (lit-
erary), gloomy, raylegs, dingy, dim, dim-
mish, murk (archaic or poetic), murky,
blind, caliginoua (literary), obfuscous
(rare). Cimmerian (alhtding to the Cim-
mmana, fahled to live in perpetual dark-
ness), dun, dunny, dunnish, cloudj' (oftim
fig.), umbrageous (literary), fuliginous.
Booty, grimy, somber, atramentous (liter-
ary), ewarmy, swart, tawny, drumly
(ehimy Seol. or literary), gloomy, muddy,
murfcaome (rore), nigntly, crepuscular
(often fig.), nonluminescent (formal), non-
luminouB (fanitid), dead, crepusculine
(rare), dirty, torchleas, shadowy, unsunned
(rare), sunless, rayless, cloudy, darkful,
aarkiah. darksome (vaguer and weaker
than dark"; chiefly poetic), deadly,
grimed, umbery (rare), fuscous (ekiefiy
not. hiM.), duskv, opaque, swarthy, fus-
ceaoent (rare), black, coaly, carbonaceous

Srare), dull, ebony, pitchy, inky, inkish
rare) , liphtloss, nigrescent (rare) , funereal,
unilluimned ; see DUf, BHADT, BLACK, DULL.
Antonynu:

LCMWESCENT, BHINING, PAIB.

%. Referring to the understanding:

■, Referring to ike complexion: swarthy
tawny, duaky, swart (sfroTifjer fAan (awn^)
■pec grimy, ebony.
AntanyTns: see faib, pale.

dark, n. darkness; spec, obscurity, tene-
brousneaa (lUerary), tenebrosity (lUerary),
din^inesa, dimness, murkineas, murk
(chiefly lUerary), <»liginosity ((iterory),
dun, timbrageousnesa (literary), ebony,
swarthinesa, swartness, tawniness, gloom,
shadow, pitchineaa, inkiness.
Antonyms: see lioht, moonugbt.

darken, v. t. 1. dark (archaic or poetic),
denigrate (rare); spec, darkle, dim,
black, blacken, shade, muddy, eclipse,
dun, dull, dislust«r (rore), eboniae, dusVen
(rare), cloud, fog, dLsillumlnate, encloud
(iTttensive; rare), gloom, obumbrate (liter-
ary), obtenebrate (rare), overshaidow,
shade, murk (rare), obfuscate (rare), ob-
nubilate (rare), overdoom (rore), over-
shade (rare), overcloud, overcast, oSuscate
(rare), blur, becloud (inlenniiie), bedim
(irUenaive), bedarken (intensive), bescreen
(intensive), begloom (intensive), sable
(chiefly poetic), umber (rare), somber.
Antonyms; tee light, brighten.
I. Spec. Him (the eyes or sight, or the sight
of), Mur, purblind, blear, blind, obscure,
obfuscate (rare), mist.
). Referring to the understanding: spec.
dull, beniglit, obscure, mystify.
Antonyms: see enughtbn.
' " SULLT.

darken, v. t, 1. dark (arcAatc or poetic);
spec, darkle (literary), cloud, dusk ((iier-
ary), dim, dull, dusken (rare), gloom,
umber (fig.).

a. In the senile of "to grow angry looking":
darkle, cloud.

darkened, a. Spec, obscured, obfuscate,
clouded, cloudy, ustulate (rare), infus-
cate (rare).

darkenlai, n. obscuration (contextual);
spec, blackening, clouding, etc.

darknen, n. I. dark; spec, obscurity,
dimness, dinginess, dusk, duskiness,
duskiness, tawniness, gloom, gloominess,
swartneas, swarthineas, srimineBs, calig-
inousneas (literary), murkiness, somber-
nesa, dullness, shadow, shadowiness,
shadinesa, duakishness, caliginosity (ar-
chaic), tenebrosity (literary), smokiness,
umbrageousness (literary), fuliginosity
(literary), sootiness, muddiness, dimmit
(dial. Eng,), lightlesaness, murk (chiefly
Scot), night, opacity, eclipse, dunneas
(rare), shades (pt.), etc.; see shadino.
AiUonyma:

I amtllm; hanginii.

I dappl«: apoUrd. r

I dart: chaileiv/e. defi^na.
dua-darll, a.: rrMtu.
darlQC' ^'^i bfart, defiant.

@° See Notea at Explanation

I. Spec, obscurity, mystery, abstruse-

nesB, gloom, depresaion, wickcdtii

norance, blindneas, secrecy.
dBrlinCii. beloved, favorite, pet {wlikh see).

Antonyna: oee disliked.
dkrt, 71, I. Rpcar {chiefly spec), weapon,

lance, javetin, («pec.), gavelock [obs. or

hist.), bandenlla, jcrid or jcreed, whisk.

9, fyferring to the molion: g,xc. jump,

bolt, flit, shoot, leap, spring, whisk,

pouDce, flirt.
dart, V. t. 1. throw^ hurl, dartle; spec.

shoot, flirt, launch, jaculate (rare).

t. direct (a look, etc.).
dtut, s. i. shoot, scoot (colloq.): spec, leap,

C-np, pounce, spring, rush, dartle, rocket,
It, flit, flirt, whip, whisk, scoot, rush,

dsBh, V. t. 1. propel {conlext-uaT), strike,
beat, knock, pash {now chiefiy dial. Eng.),
slam; spte. smash (eollaq.), swash, ding,
slap, crash; see splash, knock.

>. See SHAITER, THROW, RUIN, DEPRESS,
ABASH, FLAVOR, COMPOSE.

dash, V. i. rush, dart; spec, clash, smash,
AiiUmyms: see laq.

I. admixture (amlextual), httle (context-
ual); spec, touch, intimation (eollnq,),
tinge, spice, sensation [coUoq, or sUatg),
lace (it/ «piri(*), flavor, relish; see trace,
data, n, 1. time; spec, epoch, day, age,
era, teon, moment, canon, misdate,

>. See DURATION, APPOINTMENT.

date, f. t. time, place (chronologieally):
spec, misdate.

dateless, a. undated.

datum, n. Spec, element, premiss, con-
dition, material (a collective),

dauehter, ii, child {conleztual) ; spec, ca-
dette, daughterkin, daughterling, daugh-
ter-in-law, stepdaughter, intanta, dau-

dauntlass, n. brave (cnnlexlual), bold, un-
affeared (archaic), unaffrighted, unap-

dawdte, V. i. 1. trifle, potter, idle, diddle.
Ankmyma: ace bobtlb,

1. .See DELAY.

dawn, n, daybreak, break of day,

dawn, V. t. I. daw (Scot.), morrow (rare),

break (chiefly with "day" as the subjed).

S. See ARISE,
dawnlnc, n. daybreak.

; spec, sunshine.

day, n. I. daytim'
Arilanyms: see

t. A day of a certain kind: spe-c. Iay-d_,

(commercial), drip|>er (colloq.), roasta

(coUoq.), scorcher (colloq,), doomsday.

■. See DATE.
darbceak, n. dawn, dawning,

{chiejlyin "break oj day"), dawing (5co(.M

daylight, morn (poetic), cockcrow O^.H

greking (obs. or Scot.), daypeep (poeftcM

aurora (fig.).
AnCimymt: see night.
daydream, n, dreara (contextual), rev-
erie, conceit, fancy, castle in the air, air

caatle, chAteau en Espagne (French), pipe

dream (coUog.).
Antonyms: see AtTTDALrry.
dayllsht, n. light (contextual); spec, i

shine, sunlight, daybreak,
daie, B, t, coiifuae, confound (areAoieln

stupefy, bewilder, stun ; spec, dazzle, blind,
daze, n. confusion, stupor, bewilderment;

spec, dazzle, dazzlement.
da»le, f, (, confuse, daxe, blind, bedazzle

(inlensise), overpower (contextual); apee.

stupefy.
daiEie, n. 1. dazxlement, daze, confuaioi

— referring to the state.

a. brilliancy, brightness; — refening to ti

e^ed of light or display.

1. See SHOW,
dasallUK, a. bright (eorUfxt-ual), blindii .

overpowering (amlextual); — referring I

light or display.
dead, a. 1. See lifeless, absolttte, TIMmI

QUESTIONABLE, DIBErT.

>. Referring to a person that hoM (UedsM
deceased, perished (by privation), defunot'J
(rure), lalo (a euphemism^ coniienHoital «
certain eanneetiont), exanimate (ra
Antonyms: see uviNc.

Antonifms: see lubtroos, poust

4. Referring to lining viaiter that has diedif\
sjiec. mortified, gangrenous, sphacelat^J
necrosed, T

E. Referring to things that have ceased laM
function, act, etc.: defunct; spec, obsolett^.l
extinct, extinguished, sleeping, inert, I
still, stagnant, tusterleas, out (referrinii U M
fire), flat, useless. I

dead, n. 1. decedent (U. S.; chiefly laa\M
deceased (miphemiitic; usually with "th^'h
defunct (formal; usually vrilh ""
croaker (dang). "Dead" is chiefl
collectively vrith "the."
1. Set

DECAY

deaden, v. 1. 1. Spec, dull, benumb, numb,
stupefy.

S. Referring to sounds or sounding things:
muffle, damp, bemuffle (intensive), dumb
(rare)t mute; spec. pug.
S. Referring to vetocUVf activity, etc.;
check; spec, smother (a fire), damp (a
fre), stagnate, repress, choke.
Antonyms: see agitate.

deadhouse, n. mortuary; spec, morgue.

deadlookf n. standstill.

deadly, a. 1. mortal, fatal, deathly (rare),
fell (poetic).

S. implacable, lethal (literary), fatal, kill-
ing (referring to gait, pace, habits, etc.),
mortiferous (rare), mortific (rare), death-
ful (rare), mortifying (rare), funest (rare),
lethiferous (rare); spec, murderous, bane-
ful, poisonous, pestilent, pestilential,
pestiferous, noxious, etc.

S. See DEATHUKE.

deaf, a. earless (fig.), surd (archaic).

deafen, v. t. 1. deave (obs. or Scot, and
dial.), stun (vnth noise).
9. See DROWN.

deal, n. 1. See share, amount, quantitt.
9. lot, heap; — all three coUoq.

deal, V. t. 1. See apportion.
9. Referring to a blow, etc.: give, bestow,
deliver, fetch, lay (used with "on"), plant,
place, administer, strike.

deal, t;. i. traffic, converse, practice (rare);
spec, contend (used with *^with*').

dealer, n. monger (chiefly in combination),
merchant (Scot, or U. S. in sense of re-
tailer) ^ trader, chapman (archaic); spec.
copeman (archaic), coper (archaic), cadg-
er, hawker, badger, huckster, tallvman,
stallman, jobber, drover (cattle dealer).

dealing, n. 1. intercourse.
2. traffic; spec, negotiation, conduct.
S. giving, bestowal, delivery, placing,
planting; — referring to a blow, etc.

dear, a. 1. loved, beloved; spec, cherished,
precious, favorite, bosom.

S. See HEARTFELT, COSTLY.

dear, n. darling, deary (amalory, conjwgal,
or familiar), beloved, mavoumeen (Irish),
lovey (in affectionate address), honey
(chiefly Irish, dial. Eng., or negro U. S.),
pigsney (archaic); spec, pet, favorite,
moppet (contemptuous as used of a man).

death, n. 1. decease (legal, slightly euphe-
mistic, or rhetorical), demise (elevated),

quietus (rare), dying, departure (euphe-
mistic), expiration (rare), expiry (literary),
finish (vulgar or coUoq.), finis (figurative;
rare), exit (literary or affected), parting
(euphemistic), endmg (rww coUoa^, end,
dissolution (literary or rhetorical), mor-
tahty, consummation (a figurative literary
use), passing (euphemistic), pass (rare),
def unction (rare); spec, predecease, eutha-
nasia or euthan&sy.
Antonyms: see birth.
2. Referring to the dying of tissues, etc.:
spec, mortification, gangrene, necrosis.
S. Referring to the cause of death: spec.
quietus, coup de gr&ce (French), finish
(vulgar or colloq.).

4. Referring to the state: dormition (fig.),
sleep (fig.), darkness (fig.), grave (fig.),
tomb (fig.).

Antonyms: see life.

5. See extinction, destruction.
death bell, passing bell, knell.
deathlike, a. deathly, deadly, deathy,

deathful (rare).

debit, n. entry (contextu/d), charge.
debit, V. t. enter (contextwal), chturge.
debris, n. "Debris" is French. 1. See rub-
bish.

2. In geol.: spec, detritus, eluvium.
debt, n. Spec, due (chiefly in pi.), arrear

(chiefly in pi.),
d^but, n. appearance, coming-out. "DS"

but" is French.
debutant, n. masc, d^buntante, n. fem.

come-outer (slang); spec, rose (slang; U.

S.). ''D6butant"&ad'*ckbutante"areFrench.
decade, n. decennary.
decamp, v. i. 1. rise.
Antonyms: see camp.

2. See DEPART.

decay, v. i. 1. See decline, decompose.
2. Referring to things falling into ruin:
spec, dilapidate, dismtegrate, ruin, ruin-
ate, perisn.

Antonyms: see renew.
S. Referring to fruits, etc.: rot; spec, rust,
bhght, blet.

decay, n. 1. See decline, decomposition.
2. Referring to becoming or being ruined:
spec, dilapidation, disintegration, waste,
ruin, ruination, disrepair, decayedness,
decrepitude, irrepair (rare), unrepair,
^boulement (French).
Antonyms: see renewal.

fS' Cross references: see Note.

debark: decorticate.

debauched: dissipated.

dealing: intercourse, traffic.

debase: abctse, degrade, adul-

debauchery: corruption, dis-

deen: senior.

terate, corrupt.
debase: decline.

sipation.

dearth: deficiency.

debenture: certificate, security.

deathless: immortal.

debate, v.: dispute, discuss.

debilitate: u^eaken, enervate.

deathly: deathlike.

debate, n.; dispute, discussion.

debit: charge.

debacle: rush, catastrophe, up-

debauch, v. t.: corrupt.

debouch: issue.

heaval.

debauch, v. i.: dissipate, ca-

decadence: decline.

debar: exclude, refuse, prevent.

rouse.

decadent: declining.

debauch, n.; carouse.

decapitate: behead.

t^' See Notes of Explanation.
113

rust, spur,

decared, a. 1. dilapidated; tpec. decrepit,
disjaak^ (Scot.), forworn {archaic),
tumbledowii, ruinous, ruined.
9. Set DECoupoeED.

t. Rtferring to fruit, vegetahhs, etc.: un-
sound, rotten; gpec. araxy, doted or
doated, spurred, ergotized, bletted, dod-
dered, elc.

deoeitlal, a. deceptive (vihish does Tiot irn-
ply inteni to deceive, nor necesiarUy any
ml purpose, tekiU the others do), cunning,
covinous (archaic), two-faced, indirect,
underhand, underhanded, deceivable (itr-
chaic), insincere, circumventive, false;
«pec. crooked, double-tongued, double-
heui«d, dodgy (eotloq.), evaaive. hypo-
critical, fraudulent, fraudful (rare), guilr
ful, juggling, Jesuitical (opprtArioiUlifuae
by TU^tkJatholics) , histrionic (learned t
rare), theatrical, dissembling, intriguing,
insidious, tricky, trickiah, tncicay, snaky,
treacherous.
Antonymi: Me conbcientiodh, frank.

deoelUuInsss, n. cunning, covin (archaic);
spec, guile, fraud, etc,

dccelrmble, a. Spec, delusible, gullible, il-
lusionable (rare), credulous.

deoet*e, v. I, mislead^ epec. delude, fool,
befool (intensive), bejape (obs.), begunk
(Scot.), bamboozle, be^ile, gull, flatter,
hoax, humbug, hoodwink, buoble (rare),
circumvent, outwit, trick, bucket (elanj)),
coien, best, cajole, bilk, do (slang),
cheat, mock, chisel (slang), chouse
(slartg), jilt, overreach, defraud, doodle
(^ng), hallucinate, illude (implying false
hopes), cog,, blear, bluff, misinform, mock,
tantjize, jilt (one's expectalions) , hocus-
poeua (rare), juggle, dupe, fob, flimflam
(eant), flam (cant), kid (slang), diddle
(coUoq. or slang).
Anionsfms: see undecefve.

dc«M*er, n. misleader; spec, deluder, bam-
boozler, beguiler, hoaxer, humbug, hum-
bugger, hood winker, circumventor or
circumvenler, outwitter, tricker, coiener,
cheater, cheat, swindler, swindle, de-
frauder, double-dealer, pretender, Sinon
(/iff), trickster, charlatan, impostor, im-
postress, sharper, cogger (obs. or archaic),
nallucinator, hypoonle, illuder (rare),
juggler, dodger [often slang), taitour (ar-
chaic), duper, rogue, knave, dufler, diddler
(coUoq. or slang).

dflOBpUon, n. 1. Referring to the action,

fuel, habit, -practice, etc.: deceit; spfc.
cheat, dole (rare), misleading, delusion,

fooling, bamboozle (generic), bamboozle-
ment, bambosh (slang), beguilement,
hoax, bumbugnng, humbug, humbuggery,
humbugism, noodwinking, circumven-
tion, outwitting, outwittal, tricking,
trick, hocus-pocus, flimflam (cant), flum-
mery (empty talk, etc.), illusion, fancy,
eoiieiiage (archaic), flam (eant or ctdiog.),
guUery (archaic), duplicity, guile, finesse,
strata^m, pretense, sham, covin (arehaie),
hallucination, disguise, diseuigement, de-
fraudation (rare), defraudment (rare),
hypocrisy, hypocnsia (rare), do (slany or
coUoq.), indirectness, insidiousneaa, trick-
iness, trickiahneaa, hanky-panky (stan^),
chicanery, pettifogging, quibbling, aoph-
iatry, subterfuge, dodgery (rare), dupery,
subreption (rare), guile, double^lealing,
mockery.

9. Referring to the thing thai deceives:
spec, artifice, cheat, fraud, humbug,
mockery, flam (card), trick, sham. Bell,
cantel (archaic), dodge, hoax, gag (idang),
imposture, cog, bosh (slang), juggle, ruse,
wile, stratagem. Many of the words in
sense 1 are synonyms also in this seTue.

deoeptlTs, a. mialeBding, deceitful (whieh
see); spec, delusive, delusory, catchy (col-
loq.), tricksy, hallucinative, hallucinatory,
fairy (o* i^ done bp a fairy), illusory,
fallacious, false, subjective, disingenuous.

dedde, v. i. 1. determine, settle, fix, con-
clude, resolve (rare), decree (archaic);
spec, misdccide.

1. adjudge (tech.), adjudicate, dijudicata
(rare), decern (Scot.); spec, arbitrate, um-
pire, pass (upon a question).

decide, V. I. 1. determine, settle, resolve,
conclude; spec, predetermine, decern
(Scots law), adjud^ (rare), adjudicate
(tech.), judge; arbitrate, award, decree,
deraign (law, hist., or obs.), dijudicale
(rare), rule, hold.
I. To bring a person to a decision: deto

decided, a, positive, strong, pronounced;
spec, marked; see AaauRED.
Antonyms: see nouBTniL, hesttatinq.

decipher, v. t. I. translate, interpret.
a. Referring to mental character: ret^,
trace, make out.

deolalon, n. I. Referring lo the act i^ the
mind: determination, settlement, con-
clusion; spec, resolution, discretion, jud^
ment, finding.

t. Referring to the delivery of a decision or
to the thing decided upon: adjudgment, ad-

i'udication, judgment, decemiture (Soolt
itu); spec, arbitration, award, decree, d&-

I
I

I pTopa; nfuipitu. eimiiiderablM,
t, modett, 1 dBeem: dtcide.

Xr Bea HotM at EipUiutlon.

DECREE

creement, arr^t (French histX pro-
nouncement, sentence, edict, dennition,
decreet (Scots law; coUoq.)^ halacha or
halakah, decretal; see verdict.

dedstve, a. 1. determinative, resolutive or
resolutory (in law spec.), conclusive, ad-
judicative, decretive, decretory.
Antonyms: see indecisive.
S. determinative, definitive, conclusive,
final, peremptory, determinant; spec.
critical, crucial, fateful.

deckf n. Spec, orlop^ texas (Western U.S.),
hurricane deck, splmter deck, poop deck,
main deck, quarterdeck.

declaim, v. i. speak, harangue (chiefly
spec.), rant (chiefly spec.), spout (con-
lemjkuous), mouth (ccmtemptiums); spec,
perorate (literary),

declamatory, a. Spec, rhetorical, bom-
bastic.

declaratory, n. declarative, predicative,
affirmative.

declare, v, t, 1. Spec, proclaim, acclaim,
find (law), denounce (as being had).

S. See STATE, DISCLOSE, ACKNOWLEDGE.

declination, n. 1. See deviation, descent.
S. refusal, declension, nonacceptance, re-
jection; spec, declinature (Scots law), re-
pudiation, repulse, detrectation (rare).
Antonyms: see acceptance.

declinatory, a. In an active sense: deteri-
orative, degeneratory, degenerative, deg-
radationcd, depreciatory, depreciative.

decline, v. i. 1. See deviate, descend.
S. deteriorate, decay, impair, worsen
(rare), fail; spec, ebb, fall (often with
"away^'), set. weaken, wane, derogate,
degenerate, aegrade, debase, depreciate,
fade, flag, retrograde, wither, recede,
retro^ess (rare), rot, lapse, dwindle,
diminish; see langxhsh.
Antonyms: see improve, progress.
S. See refuse.

decline, v. t. 1. bend, bow, depress.
S. refuse, reject; spec, repudiate, repel,
repulse, renegue (rare).
Antonyms: see accept, receive.

S. See INFLECT.

decline, n. 1. See descent.
S. deterioration, decay, impair (archaic),
impairment, declination (obs.), deca-
dence, decadency, degeneration, degra-
dation, debasement, depreciation, dero-
gation, failure, ebb, depravation, lan-
guishment, retrograde, retrogression,
retrogradation, wane, diminution, etc.
Antonyms: see progress, recovery.

S. See DISEASE, AILMENT.

declining, a. In an active sense: decadent,
deteriorating, degenerating.

decllvltoat, a, sloping, steep. "Dedivi-
Ums*' is used esp. in reference to downtoard
slope,

declivous, a, sloping. "Dedivoua" uevr
ally means descending,

decomposable, a. perishable, resoluble,
corruptible (archaic), resolvable; spec.
putrescible, putrefiable (rare),

decompose, v. t, & i, 1. decompound
(rare), dissolve, resolve, disintegrate
(chiefly spec.), analyze (esp. spec.); spec.
electrolyze, thermolyze, hydroiyze.
Antonyms: see synthesize.
2. Referring to natural decomposition, cfe-
stroying physical integrity and soundness:
consume, decay, rot (often spec.), corrupt
(archaic or rare), faint: spec, (of loathsome
and stinking rottenness) putresoe, putrefy.

decomposed, a, 1. decompounded, dis-
solved, disintegrated, etc,
9. decayed, corrupt (archaic or rare), rot-
ten; spec, putrid, putrescent, carious
(chiefly tech.), green; see tainted.
Antonyms: see sweet.

decomposing, a, 1. decompounding (rare),
disintegrative, disintegratory, analytic;
spec, thermolytic, electrolytic, proteolyt-
ic, hydrolytic.

2. decaying, rotting, corruptive (archaic
or rare); spec, putrefactive, putrefacient.

decomposition, n. 1. decompounding,
dissolution, resolution, disintegration
(chiefly spec.), analysis (esp, for study),
break-up; spec, thermolysis, hydrolysis,
electrolysis, proteolysis, electrolyzation.
Antonyrns: see synthesis.
2. Referring to natural decomposition: de-
cay, corruption (archaic or rare), rot; spec,
dry rot, putrefaction, putridity, putres-
cence, caries, cariositv.

decoration, n. 1. See obnambntation,

ORNAMENT.

2. Spec, medal, badge, crest, cockade,
crown, epaulette, etc,

decorticate, v. t, excorticate (rare); spec,
debark, disbark, skin, peel, busk, pill
(archaic), rind, rend (a tree),

decorum, n. propriety; spec, modesty.
Antonyms: see misbehavior.

decoy, n. 1. trap.
2. enticement, lure; sj>ec. stool, flare.

decoy, v, t. attract, entice, lure.

decree, v, t. decide, command, order, or-
dain, appoint, rule (chiefly spec.); spec.
adjudge, adjudicate, enact, decern (now
chiefly Scot, and tech.).

decree, n. decision, command, edict, order,
ordinance (now chiefly spec.), ordination,
enactment, law (chiefly spec.), dispensa-
tion (theol.), ordainment (rare), enaction

ISP" Cross references: see Note.
deok, 9. 1.: ornament, cover, clothe.

decorate: ornament, honor,
decoratlTe: ornamental.

deoorous: bteoming, proper.
deooram, «. t.: jtrojprtsty.

tsr See Notes of Explanation.
115

(rare), rule {ehiefiy gpec.); spec, finnan,
eanction (hitl.), decretal, novel, rescript,
constitution, assize, pragmatic, pscphiW,
recess (hist.), hatti, interdict, irade.

deoreelDKt 1. decisional, enactive, decre-
tia! (rare), decretive (rare), decretory.

deoratlve, a. 1. decisive, decreeing, ordina-

t. See DECBEEING,

dedioate, i>. C. 1. appropriate (eonleitual),
give {anitextual), devol«, consecrate, vow,
hallow (orcAaic); spec, promise, sur-
render.
9. S-pec. inscribe (as a book); see conse-

dedicmtloii, n. Spfc. appropriation, de-
votion, consecration, etc.

dedloatoTr> a. dcdicative, consecrative,
consecralory, votary, votive.

dednot, v. t. abstract, remove, defalcate
(rare}, subtract (Mp.o/num6era),- spec. re-
bate, recoup (taw).
Anlonyma: see add.

dcdnotton, n. 1. See iKirERENCE.
S. abstraction, removal, subtraction {esp.
of numbers); spec, recoupment {law).
Antonyms: see addition.
1. Referring to the Ihin^ deducted: defal-
cation (rare); spec, discount, drawback,
draft, tare, reprise, rebatement, rebate,
off-reckoning, offtake,

dednotlTe, a. inferential, a priori (Loti
tech.).

deed, n. 1. action, act, exploit, feat, gest
(orcAaie or poetic), do {eoUog.}, jest {ar-
chaic or poetic), fact (obs., archaic, or
idiomatie), effort; spec, accomplishment,
derring-do (paewlo-archaic), prowess
{chiefly in pi; lileraTy).
t. instrument {conlextwil); spec, release.

Juitclaim, land-boc {obs.), charter, in-
eature, infeudation, remise.
t. See ACTION.
deed, II. I, convey {eonteatual); spec, quit-
claim, release, remise.
deep, a. I. profound {ocry deep); spec.
depthless, bottomless, abysmal.
Antonyms: see shallow, suitrACB.

a. See ABSTRUSB, DISCEHNINO, BtmTLE.

1. Referring to cutis in which one may be
invol^: serious, grave, profound, ex-
treme, great.

1. Referring to emotions deept;/ fdl: deep-
felt, deep-seated, profound, intimate,
heartfelt, cordial {chiefly spec); spec.
heavy, sound, dead, hearty, thoroug)),
inveierat«, ingrained.

fa^t.

Antonym: tee OOHT.
6. R^erring lo colors: strong, intense, rich.

T. See LOW, BAGS, ABBORSED.

B. involved; — referring lo a person in~

volved in vice, disgrace, etc.
deep, n. 1. abyss, pn^ound (poetic), gulf

(poetic); apee. ocean.
Antonyms: see shallow.

S. See DEPTH.

I. Spec, mystery, incomprehensiblB (used

mith "the"), rid<fle.
deepen, f. i. There are no synonyms.

Anlonyms: see shoal.
deepen, v. t. strengthen, intensify.
deeply, ado. Spec, profoundly, atratrusely,

soundly, mortally, intimately.
deepset, □. sunkpn.
deer, n. I. doe (female), buck {male), fawn

(young): spec, stag, hart, havier, hind

(/enuile). spire, spay (ntafe),hearst (aAufU-

ing term), roe, roebuck {masc.), fallow

deer, elk, reindeer, caribou, russ, moose,

maral, wapiti, vena da.

3. Referring to deerJUsh: venison.

deface, v. t. mar, disfigure, disfeature
(rare), defeature (archaic), dedecorate
(rare), disvisage (rare), disfaahion (rare);
spec, deform, distort, mutilate, maim
(Jif.), mangle, garble, bemangle (in-
(ensiue), skew, twist, wrench, blur,
blotch, haggle, hack, uglify, cancel, foul
(make uplj^dog'a-ear, acar, soil, tarnisfa,

Antonyms: see be act ., _.

defaoement, v. i. disfigurement, deforma-
tion, deformity, etc.

delamatlon, n. traduction. vilificBtion, aa-
peraion, calumny; spec, slander, libel.

delamatoTr, a. traductory, calumniatory,
abusive; spec, libellous, scandalous.

defame, V. t. traduce, vilify, slur, asperse,
belie, calumniate, vilipend (literary; epec.),
slander, scandal {archaic), scandalize,
backbite, libel.
Antonyms: see pbaise, ennodlb.

default, n. 1. See fauivt.
s. omission, failure; spec, neglect,

defeat, ii. t. t. frustrate, checkmate, balk,
block, spoil, foil, baffle, thwart, cross,
circumvent, outwit, contravene, blank,
stump (cottoq.), state, dish (coUog.), dis-
appoint; snec. nullify, euchre (eouoq.),
neutralize, double, puiile, halt, etc.

rCmjrrfm:

decTi^tBte: craclde.

r See Notw at EipIaoaUoE

DEFINITE

Antonyms: see aid.

S. overcome, overpower, overthrow, con-
quer, discomfit, have, beat, thrash (col-
loq.)j lick (colioq.)t whip (coUoq.), drub
(colloq.)f master, vanquish, cast (tech.f
laWfOrobs.), fail, repulse, checkmate, con-
found (archaic), euchre (spec, or fig.),
lurch (spec, in games, or fi>g.), ihrow,
floor (in argument, etc.; coUoq.). over-
match (rare), bilk (cribbage or fig.); spec.
counterwork, countermine, counterplot,
rout, derout (emphatic), outargue, out-
play, outvote, sack (slang), trim (coUoq.).
Antonyms: see aid.

defeat, n. 1. frustration, checkmate, balk,
fail, bafflement, thwarting, circumven-
tion, outwittal (hy strategy), contraven-
tion.

Antonyms: see aid.

S. overthrow, conquest, discomfiture,
best, thrashing (couoq.), drubbing (col-
loq.), whipping (coUoq.), licking (coUoq.),
mastery, vanquishment, overcoming, cast
(law or obs.), checkmate, contusion
(rare); spec, rout, derout (emphaiic),
lurch, reverse.
Antonyms: see victory, success.

defeoate, v. i. cack (obs. or dial, Eng.),
evacuate, foul (rare), dung (ru>w of ani-
mals only), stool.

def eotive, a. 1. See deficient.
S. Spec, deranged, feeble-minded, im-
becile.

defend, v. t. 1. See protect.
2. maintain, uphold, vindicate (as being
true or correct), sustain, support, champion
(the truth, a cause, etc.), espouse (a cause);
spec, justify, plead, advocate.
Antonyms: see assail, attack.
S. oppose (a daim, lawsuit, etc.).

defense, n. 1. See protection.
2. maintenance, upholding, vindication
(as true or correct), support, espous^ (of
the truth, a cause, etc.); spec, justification
(of action), advocacy.
Antonym^: see attack.
S. Sj)ec. justification, excuse, plea, vin-
dication, denial, answer.

defensible, a. 1. fencible (of a fort, etc.),
tenable.

9. maintainable, supportable, vindicable
(as ripht or true), tenable; spec, excusable,
justifiable.
Antonyms: see indefensible.

defer, v. t. delay, postpone, procrastinate,
adjoiu*n (properly, spec), suspend, wait;
sj)ec. table, stay, perendinate (rare), res-
pite (rare), reserve, shelve.

deference, n. Spec, submissiveness, obei-
sance, regardfulness, complaisance.

deferential, a. Spec, submissive, obeisant,
regardful; see complaisant.

deferment, n. deferral (rare.), delay, post-
ponement, procrastination, adjournment
or (rare) adjournal (properly, spec), sus-
pension, suspense (in law spec.), wait,
pause, frist (archaic); spec, respite, re-
prieve, mora, cunctation {literary), breath-
ing, moratory, moratorium.

defiance, n. 1. defial, dare (coUoq.), daring,
daringness (the quality), challenge, bra-
vado, oravery (obs. or rare), defy (coUo^),
disregard, despite (literary); spec, diffida-
tion (chiefly feudalism), opposition, re-
sistance, rebellion, disobedience.
2. Referring to the quality: spec, contempt,
stubbornness, despite (literary), recal-
citrance, rebelliousness, disobedience,
contumaciousness.

defiant, a. daring (now chiefly coUoq.), dis-
regardful^ challenging: spec, contuma-
cious, resistant, disobedient, despiteful, re-
clcitrant, rebellious, insolent, stubborn.
Antonyms: see submissive, resigned,

OBEDIENT.

defioienoy, n. 1. defect (chiefly spec.),
want, lack, deficit, defalcation, shortage,
wantage (rare), deficience (rare), ab-
sence, default (archaic or spec.); — refer'
ring to that which is either not present or
ru>t available.

Antonyms: see excess, extra.
2. insufficiency, inadequacy, failure,
dearth, scarcity, famine, want, lack,
penury, poverty, shortness, default (ar^
chaic or rare), meagemess; — referring to
the fact of being deficient.

Antonyms: see abundance, excess.

S. See IMPERFECTION.

deficient, a. poor, defective, insufficient,

inadequate, incomplete, imperfect, short,

scarce, scant, wanting (used with *Hn**),

lacking.

Antonyms: see abundant, aboundinq,

EXCESSIVE, SPARE.

define, v. t, 1. delimit, determine, bound,
demarcate, limit, delimitate (rare), de-
mark (rare); — referring to land or used fig,
2. Referring to words, ideas, etc,: deter-
mine, formalize^ precise (rare); spec, in-
dividuate, individualize.

S. See DESCRIBE.

definite, a. determinate, distinct, certain,
limited, fixed; spec, clear-cut, snarp-cut,
clear, downright, sharp, crisp (tones, etc.),
exphcit, express, formal, vivid, specific,

Cross referenus: see Note.
defeoate: dear^ purify, excrete.
defect: deficiency, imperfection,
fault.

defile, 9. <fe n.; march.
defile n.: paee, ravine, march.
defile, V. t.: dirty, foul, con-
tamincUe, corrupt, 9uUy, violatet

deaecrate.

defilement: dirtying ^ foviina*
contamination^ corrupHont «om-
ing, tuUying, tiotoHon.

9

}&" See Notes of Explanation.

117

DEFINITION

unequivocal,
Antonyms:

INDISTINCT'.
definition, n. 1. delimitatioQ, demarcation.
9. Referring to wordt, ideas, etc.: determi-
nation, formaUiation; epec. individuation.

S. See DEBCBIPTION.

daflate, v. t. exhaust (contextual), empty
{amtexltud; rare); spec. Batten.
Antonyms: see INFUTE, biKjat.

daOowar, c. (. 1. disSower {atrip offiowen).
i. violate, devirginate {rare).

deform, v. I. 1. nuBshape, spoil, diaform
(Tare), disfigure; spec, aprtag, distort,
strain (tech.), bemonstfir (rare). "De-
form" as used in physics does not imply
anything more than change of sluipe oi
tlrueiure.
*. See DEFACE.

dalormed, a. deform (archaic), miafash-
ioned, nialformed, miBBhapen, inform
(archaic).
Antonyms: see bhapelt, well-BHaped.

deformtty, n. I. informity (i
shapennesa, malformation, monstrosity
Ipreal deformity), misflhape {rare), mia-
%ure (rare), disfigurement; sptic.crookcd-
nesa, vama, Boiaproportion.
Antonyms: see beauty,

SL See DEFACEMENT.

deliaad, V. t. cheat, bilk (Jg.), rook (rare),
gudgeon (rare), swindle; spec, bimco,
chouse l.a>Uog.)

Amtiwy, V. t. pay, liquidate, settle, meet,
satisfy, answer, bear, discharge, dosburae
(rare).

deliayai, n, payment, liquidation, bearLDg,
discharge, etc.

defy, V. t. dare, cliallenge; spec, beard, dis-
regard, brave, face, disobey, mock, out^

Antonym: see oaBr,

deceneraiOi'. n. deterioration, debasement,
degeneration, degenerateness, degrada-
tion, retrogradfttion; spec, dejiravity.

decenetate, a. degraded, debased, retro-
graded; spec, dec^ent.
Antonyms: see esalted.

degenerata, v. i, decline, deteriorate, sink,
degrade, retrograde.

deienerate. n, retrograde.

deceneraiUon, n. decline, deterioration,
retrogradation, retrogression, debase-
ment; spec, caducity [rare), caseation,
involution, decadence, perversion.
Anumy/ns: see reoeneration.

daKanwfttlve, a. rctrogreasive, declina-
tory Irare), backward.

deKradation, n. 1. dishonor, abasement, 1

debasement, disgrace; — referring to the

condition.

a, abasement, debasement, disgrace, de

position; spec, disbarment, diarauklng;—

referring to the ad.

Antoaymt: tee eijivation.
S. degeneracy, dq

t. debasement, lowering, proetitution
(fig.); spec, perversion, corruption,
tamination, vitiation.

ATitonyms: see elevation.
desiada, v. t. 1. dishonor, reduce, debase,
disgrade, abase, lower, sink, disrate,
break, disrank, disgrace, depose; spec.
unchurch, disennobie, disbar, disbench,
diaestablish, disorb, immiter, dethrone,
disenthrone, unprieat, uncowl, uncrown,
outcast, unking.

Antonyms: see £l,evate, dignify, eh-

NOBLB, ORDAIN.

9. abase, debase, lower, demean (one-
self; not in good usage), prostitute (jig.);
spec, pervert, alloy, adulterate, viuate,
contaminate.
Anlonyma: see elbvatb.
deEraded, a. abased, deboaed, abject, de-
praved, low; spec, vile, perverted, corrupt.
Antonyms: see buivated, E3tAi;rBD.
deKree, n. 1. See row, shelk, gbadda-

S. atep, stage, grade, pomt {wkkk one or
something has reached or arrived at); spec.
remove (in the line of descent), interval,
space (music), hne (music).
t. intensity, pitch, plane, point, measure,
intension (tiUrary), grade, gradation,
height, potence (rare); spec, shade.

dehlaoe, v. i. gape, open,

dehorn, u. t. poll; spec, hummel or humble
{Scot.).

dehort, v. i. dis.'^uade (obsolesc), diaadviae.

deify, V. t, 1. apotheoaiie, consecrate (Ro-
man antiq.), divinify (rare), divinize (rare),
god (rare), goddiae (rare), shrine (rore);
spec, co-deify.
2. worship.

detty, n. t. god (esp. male), spirit, goddess
(/em.), Kodlet (dim.), godhead (rare),
godkin (riim.), godling (dim.), divinity,
numen (esp. loeai or minor; rare), power.
Providence (fig.); spec, heaven (o collet
tive), all-father, manu, monad, momts
(rare), faun, patron, patroness, oversoul,
kami, demiurge, lar, fury^ Trimurti,
Triton, Woden. Pan, ponice, Dagpn,
Apollo, Mara, Vulcan, Neptune, Mer-
cury, Venus, Juno, Minerva, Hercules,
Area, Hephsstua, Poseidon, Hermea,

r Croji njaim

>z dtnnH.

IS" See Notai ot Kiplanatlon.

DELIVBRANCB

Aphrodite, Hera, Athena; see demon,

DEMIGOD.

Antonyms: see human.
S. Referring to the state or guality: see

DIVINITT.

delay, v, i. linger, loiter (chiefly spec.),
tarry, stay, dawdle; spec, idle, hang (col-
loq.)f poke (coUoq.). dilly-dally, dally, lag,
dnig, stop, dwell, filibuster.
Antonyms: see hasten, httrrt.

delay, n. 1. See DEFERBfENT, retarda-
tion.

S. lingering, loitering, tarrying, tarry
(rare)f stay, linger (rare), moration (rare),
tarrianoe (literary), lag^g; spec, stop,
demurrage, respite, reprieve, tnioe.
Antonyms: see speed.

delayed, a. belated, lated (poetic).

delegate, n. agent (contextiial), representa^
tive, deputy, commissioner, secondary
(rare).

delegate, v. 1. 1. transfer (contextual), com-
mit, intrust.

S. depute, commission, appoint, depu-
tize (U. S.).

delegation, n. 1. Referring to the thing
delegated: commitment, intrustment, com-
mittal.

9. Referring to the person to whom dele-
gation is rnade: deputation, commission-
ing, appointment, deputization (U. S.).
S. representative. "Delegation** is chiefly
used as a collective.

delete, v. t. cancel, erase, dele, elide, re-
trench (from a book); spec, obliterate,
efface.

deliberate, a. 1. intentional, prepense (lit-
erary or legal; usuaUy postpositive), pre-
meditated, advised, considered, set, re-
solved, studied; spec, aforethought, ma-
ture, cool, careful, thoughtful.
Antonyms: see impetuous, abrupt, im-
pulsive, thoughtless.
9. unhasty (rare), measured, slow; spec.
leisurely.
Antonyms: see bustling, hasty.

deliberation, n. 1. See consideration.
S. slowness, coolness, deliberateness.
Antonyms: see impetuosity, bustle,

HASTE.

delicacy, n. 1. luxury, dainty, tidbit,
bonne-bouche (French), titbit, regale
(rare).

S. frailty, tenderness, softness, slightness.
S. Spec, nicety, fineness, tenderness,
weakness, dan^rousness, accuracy, sensi-
tiveness, discrimination, refinement, sub-
tlety, exactness, fastidiousness, considera-
tion, difficulty.

delicate, a. 1. See palatable, weak,

BRITTLE, blight, ETHEREAL, SENSITIVE,
SLENDER.

S. Spec, nice, fine, tender^ frail, weak,
dan^rous, accurate, sensitive^ refined,
subtle, exact, exquisite, fastidious, con-
siderate, minikin (now contempiuous),
difficult, discriminating.
Antonyms: see gross, coarse, rough,

HARDY.

delight, V. i. Spec, luxuriate, feast, riot,
roll, revel.

delineate, v, t. 1. trace^ draw, line, mark,
figure, describe, inscribe (chiefly spec,),
pencil (often spec.), touch (lines); spec.
sketch, plan, foresnortenj map, blazon,
emblaze, Uneate (rare), tnck, retrace.

S. See OUTLINE, SKETCH, DEPICT, DB-
SCRIBE.

delineation, n. 1. tracing, drawing, lining,
marking, figuring, inscription (chiefly
spec.), pencmng (often spec.), touching;
svec. trace, sketching, planning, fore-
snortening, blazoning.
S. Referring to the figure so made: tracing,
drawing, inscription (chiefly spec.), figure;
spec, sketchj plan, map^ blazonry, dia-
gram, elevation, perspective.

S. See 0X7TLINE, SKETCH, DEPICTION,
DESCRIPTION.

delinquency, n. Spec, fault, misdeed, of-
fense, transgression.

delinquent, n. offender, culprit, malefac-
tor, transgressor.

delirious, a. 1. deranged, raving, light-
headed, wandering: spec, frenziea.
9. excited, frenzi^.

delirium, n. 1. derangement, raving, de-
liration (rare), wandering, light-headed-
ness; spec, frenzy; see delirium tre-
mens.
S. excitement, frenzy.

delirium tremens, jimiams (slang), blue
devils (fig.; coUoq,), blues (pi.; coUoq.),
mania a potu (Latin), horrors (pi.; uied
wUh 'Hhen,

deliver, v. t. 1. free; spec, rescue, ransom,
release; see save.
Antonyms: see enslave, imprison.
2. transfer, give, pass (esp. with "over**),
render; spec, consign, commit, surrender,
hand, intrust, relmquish, resign, extra-
dite, impart.

S. free, disburden, rid; sjiec. accouch.
4. See EMIT, DEAL (a blow, etc.), eject,
project, discharge, serve, throw, ut-
ter, IMPART, COMMUNICATE.

deliverance, n. 1. freeing, delivery (rare);
spec, rescue, ransom, release.

Cross references: sec Note.
d«Jeot: depress.
d«lamln»te: cleave.

delate: nccttset narrcUet report.
dele: delete.
delectation: pUaaure.

deliberate: consider.
delinquent: blamable.
deliqnesoe: meU, diminish.

t3^ See Notes of Explanation.
119

DELIVERER

1. See UTTERANCE, JCDGMENT, VERDICT.

ddlveiei. n. 1. freer (rare); spec, rescuer,
ranaomer, releaser,
9. transferer, deliverer (tech.), transferor,

£*ver, renderer; spec, committer, siirren-
mr, etc.
a. freer (rare), ridder.
delivery, n. 1. freeing, deliverance.
■. transfer, ^naference (emphoKinng
the adiim), transferal (rore), pasaing (esp.
with "over"), rendering, rendition, tradi-
tion {lech.), giving; spec, consignation,
commitment, intrusting, impartment,
impartation, handing, resignation, eirtra:-
ditjon.

I, See CHIIJ>BIIITH, DEALING (o/ a UoIe),
EMISSION, EJECTION, PROJECTION, DIS-
CHAAOB, THBOWINO, elC., UTTERANCE.

dall, n. valley {contextuaVi, vale (conlexfuof),

Delphlo, a. Delphian, Pythian, Pythic.

deluilon, n. I. derangement, deception.
An "Ulit&um" or "haUucinatum" is a "de-
lusion" only if the mind is deceived into a
falae belief.
t. misbelief.

dematoene, n. leader (conlexluai),

demand, f. t. 1. ask (con/erluof), require,
requisition (formal); spec, exact,
Xntonj/nw; see oivk, offer, tbndek.
S. See CLAIM (as due, etc.), need.

demand, n. I. requjaition, requirement,
require (rare); spec, draft, exaction,

Anioni/ms: see owt, offer, tender.
S. call, request; spec, market, sale, exi-
gency.

S. See CIAIM, INQUIRT.

demandable, a. requirable, exigible.

demerit, n. merit (rare; conlextual), in-
desert (rare), undesert, fault, desert
(ehiejly in pi.), ill desert.

demerit, v. I. underaervc (rarf).

demlEod, n. semtdeity (rare), aemigod
(row)/ spec, hero {Greek antio.), herome
(fern.), Prometheus, Epimetneus, Her-
cules, Perseus, etc.

demobilize, f. t, disorganize, scatter, dis-

demooracy, n. I. Spec, democratism,
Jacobinism, JefTeisonianism.
Anionyrna; see

a. See GOVERNMENT, state.
demoecat, n. Spec. Jeffeisonian (17, >S.).
hardaheU (U. S.). Bourbon (U. S.), Jac-
obin, ultrademocrat.

demooraUe, a. Spec. JeSersonian^ Jac-
obinic, Jacobinical, ultradpmocratio.
Antonyms: see monarchical, abisto-

demollBh, K. I, t, destroy (eontextut^;
spec, abate (law), raze, rase (rare), over-
tnrow, level, pulverize, unbuild (rare), ruin.
Anionjfms: gee construct.

demon, n. I. In the general serne, of Greek
mythology, of a superruitural being be-
tween god and Tnan: deity {contextiuU},
spirit (coTdexiuai), numea (rare), daimon
(tech. or lilerary), intelligence (lUertiTj/);
spec, angel, ffiost (obs.), genius, lar,
sylph, mamto, devil, specter, fiend, dia-
blotin (Frertch), imp, dev, genie, jinn
(prop, pi.), jinnee (sinp.), hag iarehaie),
harpy, demogorgon, Triton, satyr, manes
ipl.), lares (pi.), penatea (pi), em-
pusa, incubus, lemur, barghest, ghoul,
ogre, ogress, deuce, pooka or

bogey, colt-pixie, fairy, fay (literars), L._
king, familiar, kelpie or kelpy (Scoi.),
jotun, hobgoblin, sprite or (archaie vari-
ant) sprignt, kobold. Brownie, bode,
gnome, goblm, troll, Dixie, nix, poker
(U. S.; collog.), pixy or pixie, puck, red-
cap. Poltergeist (German), Robin Good-
fellow. In ordinary English usage "de-
mon" is an evil spirit.
3. See DEVIL.

demonic, a. Spec. Mephistophelean,
MephiBtophelian, Mephistophclic. ghoul-
iah, gnomish, elvish, elfin, infernal, elfish.

demonlze, v, I, diabolify, diabolisc, devil-
ize ; — all three rare or learned.

demon oloET, n. diabolify, diabolology,
devilry, deviltry, diablerie (French); spec
Satanology.

demons trative, a. I, provinE, probative.
S. ex|iresaive; spec, cordial^ emotional,
unreserved; see bptuhive.
AtUonyms: see impabbive, unemotional.

demonatraUvenesa, n. expressiveness;
spec, cordiaUty, empressment (French),
unreservcdnese, emotionality, emotionaj-

demorallie, v. t. 1. corrupt.
a, disconcert, embarrass, agitate, dis-
comfit, disorganize, confuse.

denaturallce, ii. t. denature.

dendTllorm, a. dendroid, arborescent,
arliorifomi, dendritic; — all lech, or leamtd.

^^^m dory, dislint

rs- Croa nfirnas: as Nole.

demwi: d^™!., a(«M. bihau.

damlt:d

="S1ir«^

dnrv, diUinaion. ditilian.

demlK: transfer, iii.

io(«r, propw, medsirf.

^ 8« Mol« or Expluatlan

DEPLETE

deniable, a. contradictable, traversable.

denial, n. 1. See refusal, contradic-
tion, TRIAL.

S. negation, disaffirmation, negative, dis-
affirmance; spec, forswearing, sublation
{logic), disallowance, disclaimer {chiefly
law), disclamation {rare).
Antonyms: see acknowledgment, as-
sumption.

-denomination, n. 1. See naming, name.
S. class {which see), kind; spec, {in relig-
ion) body, connection {chiefly spec.), per-
suasion, sect.

denominational, a. sectarian, sectarial.

denote, v. L 1. See signify, indicate,
express, mean.

S. mark, stamp, stigmatize (e^. as evU),
brand {esp. as evil), betoken.

denounce, v. L 1. See accuse.
S. condemn, fulminate {violently), vitu-
perate {abusively).
Antonyms: see approve.

denouncer, n. fulminator, inveigher, vi-
tuperator.

dense, a. 1. See compact {referring to con-
stitttent particles or parts), thick {referring
to visibly separate parts or objects), STUPro.
S. Referring to ignorance, etc.: intense,
crass {literary), gross, profound; spec.
impenetrable, utter, absolute.

density, n. 1. See compactness {referring
to the constituent particles or parts),
thickness {referring to visibly separate
parts or objects), stupidity.
S. Referring to ignorance, etc.: intensity,
crassness {literary), profoundness; spec,
impenetrability, absoluteness.

dentate, a. toothed, serrate; spec, jagged,

denticulate, notched. **DentcUe'' is tech,

denude, v, t, bare; spec, abrade, erode;

see BARK, STRIP.

denunciation, n, condemnation {context-
lud), fulmination {violent), vituperation
{abusive), diatribe {bitter and violent);
spec, flyting, invective, philippic.

deny, v, t. 1. See refuse, contradict,

ABJURE, disclaim.

S. negate, disaffirm, negative; spec, for-
swear {on oath), sublate (a term of logic),
disallow, disclaim.
Antonyms: see acknowledge, assume,

CONFESS.

deodorizer, n. deodorant; spec, pastil,
pastille, fumigator.

depart, v, i, 1. go {often with "away"),
leave, remove {formal or affected), move
{coUoq.), withdraw, part {archaic), recede
(rare); spec, flee, congee {archaic), fly, ffit.
S. Rtferring to sudden or secret departure:

abscond, decamp, skip {slang) , flit {coUoq,),
slide, cut {slang or coUoq,), mosey {^na,
U. S.), mizzle {slang), vamose {slang);
spec, elope.

ArUonyms: see stay, approach, comb.
S. See DIE.

4. differ, deviate, vary.
departing, a, going, leaving, parting.

ArUonyfns: see coming.
department, n. 1. division, subdivision,
part, province, branch, sphere; — referring
to a subject or to a complex whole.
9. district; — referring to a territorial part,

5. office, bureau.

departure, n. 1. goin^, leaving, removal
{formal or affected), withdraw£u {formal),
parting, decession (rare); spec, ffight, exit,
exition {rare), ffit {rare), hesira {spec, or
fig.), cong^ {French; a formed departure).
Antonyms: see coming.
2. absconding, decampment.
S. See death, deviation, variation, di-
gression, DIFFERENCE.

depend, v, i, 1. See hang, rely.
2. hinge, turn, hang, rest; — referring to
the depending of an undecided matter upon
something else,

dependable, a, reliable, trustworthy.

dependence, n. 1. hanging, suspension.
2. hinging, turning, hangmg, resting.

S. See RELIANCE, SUPPORT.

dependency, n. 1. dependence; — esp. in
sense of state or fact of dependinq,
2. dependent; spec, subject, colony, prov-
ince.
ArUonyms: cf, sovereignty.

dependent, a, 1. hanging.

2. See CONDITIONAL, RELATHTB, 8X7BOB-
DINATE, ACCESSORY.

dependent, n. 1. See dependency.
2. Spec, client, creature.

depict, V, t, 1. delineate {esp, in lines), do
{cordextual; chiefly coUoq,), portray, ren-
der {esp. in reference to technique), repro-
duce, figure, depicture {rare), picture,
represent; spec, draw, table (rare), line
{chiefly in "line in," "line out," "line off,"
etc.), linearize {rare), hneate {rare), pamt,
blazon, sketch, emblaze, emblazon, cray-
on, pencil, symbohze, chalk, limn {literary) .

2. See DESCRIBE.

depiction, n. 1. delineation {esp, in lines),
portrayal, rendition, reproduction, repre-
sentation, depicture {rare), portraiture,
blazonry, blazon.

2. See DESCRIPTION.

depUate, v, t, unhair, grain {skins).
deplete, v, t. 1. empty; spec, drain, evacu-
ate, reduce.

Cross references: sec Note.
denominate: name.
denotation: meaning.

dtoonement: explanation^ oo-

taatrophe.
dent, n.; indentation.

dent, V, L: indenL
dent, n.: noteht tooth,
dependa b le: rdiabU,

t^' See Notes of Explanation.
121

Antonyms: see FiLt.
%. See BXUAUST.

depopulate, v. I. unpeople, depeople {ar-
chaie}; spec, diaman (rare), desolate.
Anttmjpnt: me people .

deport, V. t. I. behave {tmeself).
I. remove, banish.

d«pasa.D.t. I. degrade; spec, dethrone, dia-
enthroDe, disthrone (Tare), diflcrown, un-
throne (rare), diaeatablBh (o church).
ArUonynis: see enthronk.
S. iSeeTBeTiBT.

dap««lt. v. I. 1. In the sense of "to put for
aaje keeping, to eommil to another": lodge,
put, place, depose {archaic); spec, intrust,
bail, store, leave.
t. In the sense of "to lay or put down, to

precipitate.
Antonyms: see
t. precipitate (,as from a solution).
depaitt, 71. deposition; spec, precipitate,
precipitation J settling (chiefly in pi.), silt,
sublimate, diluvium (peoJ.), loess, tartar,
sinter, sediment, grounds (pi.), see pbg-

depoiitaty, n. 1. Spec, bailee, trustee,
bank, banker.
1. See DEPoaiTORT.

depodtlni. n. placing, putting, lodging,
lodsment; spec. coosigDation, mtrusting,
bailment.

deposition, n. I. degradation; spec, de-
thronement, diacrownment.
). testimony (contextital): spec, affidavit.
1. placing, putting, lodgment, reposition
(rare); spec, discbarge, precipitation,
settling.

4. See DEPOBIT.
depoiltoiy, n. I. bailee.

5. depositary, storehouse; spec, ware-
house, entrepflt (French).

depraved, a. Spec, corrupt, contami-
nated, abandoned, degraded, low, per-
verted, degenerate.
Antonyms: see elevated.
depravity, n. iSpec. corruption, contami-
nation, degradation, perversion, lowness,
degeneracy, vice.
Antonyms: see elevation.
depredate, c. (. 1. depress (tn value, price,
etc.), lower.
Antonyms: see AnvANCB.

t. See DISCREDIT, DISPABAOE.

depredate, u. t. decline, fall, drop; spec.
slump (slang or cant), tumble.
Antonyms:

depieciatloni, n. decline, fall, drop; spec.
slump (slang or canlj, tumble.
Antonyms: see advance.

depreeatoT, n. plunderer; spec, thief, rob-
ber, pirate, brigand, marauder.

depress, v. I. 1. See LOWES {as to position

%. dull {in aetivity, as trade), deaden.
I. dispirit, deject, prostrate, discourage,
dishearten, sadden, centrist {ardiaic),
dash, damp, dampen, dismal iee {rare),
vaporiie (rare), vapor (rare), oppress,
bow, cool {diiefiy with "ofi" or "dmnn"),
quail, sink, desolate, frigidize (rare), hip

weigh {rare), darken; — mostly specific.
Antonyms: see blatb, cm

depressed, a. 1. lowered {in space).
a. dulled (as trade), deadened.
S. dispirited, dejected, downcast, dia-
couraged, disheartened, despondent, de-
spairing, desperate {archaic), prostrate,
crestfallen, saturnine {literary), discon-
solate, cheerless, sad, gloomy, melancholy,
rueful, lugubrious (literary), doleful, dol~
orous (note literary), dismal, sorrowful,
downhearted, dufi, chopfallen, chap-,
fallen, dolent (archaic), mopish, low, vsr-
pored (rare), damp (archaic), somber,
melancholic, melancholioua {rare), hearts
sick, sick, drooping, darksome (rare),
glum, heavy, heavy-hearted, half-hearted,
droopy (rare), hypped, hyppiah, m hippisn
(cotto?.), forlorn, hopeless, woeful, low-
spirited, hypochondriac, duraniah, aumpy
(euUoq.), desolate, wretched, lonely, lone-
some, dyspeptic (fig.); — rnoally specific:.
Anlimy/ns: see cugerpul, elated, OI.AD,

I

depresilDCi a. dispiriting, dejecting (rare),
discouraging, disheartening, cheerless,
sad, saddening, gloomy, melandioly,
atrabilious (literary), doleful, rueful,
lugubrious, woeful or woful, dreary (qt^
chaic), somber, dismal, dampening, damp-
ing, dark, grievous, oppreasive, discon-
solate, dolorous, melancholy, black,
cloudy, Cimmerian {fig.), chiUing, Iripa
(rare), heavy, gray, leaden, duaky, dark,
dull, dolorific (rare), painful. Most qf
Iftese synonyms are more or less apecifie.
Anionyms: see cheerikq, assurino.

depresBlon, n. 1. lowering (in apace).
». See cAvnr, aouow.
■. diapiritedness, dejection, dejectedness,
discouragement, despondency, damp,
hopelessness, desperation {archaic), cheer-
lesaness, sadness, gloom, gloominess, mel-
ancholy, melancholia, atrabiliouaness {lit-

dcplorabla: <

dsport: bahaw.

T. I^Mify.

DERANGEBfBNT

erary), dole (archaic) f dolef illness^ dolor

(literary; chiefly poetic), sorrow, gnef, dis-
tress, drearinessi (arc/iaic). dismainess, woe,
woefulness, blue devils (pL; coUoq.), dis-
|)iritment (rare), disheartenment, desola-
tion, disconsolation, dullness, despair,
brokenness, despairinsness (rare), down-
heartedness, lowness, dumps (pL; now col-
loq. and usuaUy humor ou^, dumpishness,
hypochondria, hypos (pL; coUoq.). hyp
(coUoa.), hyps (pL; coUoq.), mopishness,
ruefulness, aoldrums (pi.), dismality. hip
(coUoq.), dreariment (archaic), drearinood
or drearihead (archaic), chill, heaviness,
mulligrubs (coUoq.), megrims (pl-), spleen,
qualm, black dog (coUo^.), chili, darkness,
Ii^briosity or lugubriousness (literary).
Most of these synonyms are more or less
specific.

Antonyms: see cheer, elation.
deprivation, n. deprival (rare), privation
(rare), dispossession; spec, divestiture, di-
vestment, bereavement, robbery, deforce-
ment (archaic; esp. of lands), stripping,
denudation, abndgment, curtailment,
docking, dockage, oespoilment, despolia-
tion, spohation, plunder, pillage, rifling.

Antonyms: see restoration.
deprive, v. t. dispossess; spec, divest, be-
reave, rob, deforce (archaic; esp. of land),
strip, shear, denude, drain, abridge, cur-
tail, dock, despoil, spoil, plunder, reave
(now chiefly in p. p. ''reft'*), pillage, rifle,
reheve (euphemistic and coUoq. or slang),
oust (law), shorten (rare), mulct, lose,
destitute.

Antonyms: see invest, present.
depth, n. 1. deepness, bathos (rare), pro-
fundity, profoundness, drop; — referring to
depth in space.

Antonyms: see shallowness, height.
S. Referring to that which is deep in space:
deep.

Antonyms: see height.
S. Spec, abstruseness; see discernment,

SUBTLETY.

4. deep (of winter, etc.), dead (of night,
winter, etc.).

5. In reference to emotions or experiences:
profoundness, profundity, intimacy, in-
tensity, heaviness, soundness (of sleep),
cordiality, heartiness, thoroughness, in-
veteracy, inveterateness; spec, nadir

(fig:).

Antonyms: see height.

6. Referring to colors: strength, intensity,
richness.

7. lowness, heaviness; spec, bassness; —
referring to sound.

deputy, n. agent (contextual), delegate,
representative, secondary (rare), locum-
tenens (Latin), substitute, vice (rare);

spec, vicegerent, vicar, viceroy, kaimakam,
heutenant, undershenff, tipstaff (Eng,),
derange, v. t. 1. See disarrange, dis-
turb, CONFUSE, disorganize.

9. Referring to functions, mental processes,
etc.: upset, disorder, distemper (rare, exc,
in p. p. ^^distempered'*), unbalance, un-
settle, disturb, perturb.
S. Referring to the mind: craze, shatter,
unsettle, perturbate (rare), unhinge, in-
sanify (rare), distract (now rare), dement,
dementate (rare), crack (chiefiy coUoq,),
bemad (rare), madden (now esp, with an-
ger), frenzy (now usually with some pas^
sion or suffering), mad (rare), loco (couoq,,
U, S.),

deranged, a, insane, crazy, demented, de-
ment (rare), unsound (chiefiy said of the
mind), daft, nonsane (rare or nonce), dis-
tempered (literary), lunatic, unbalanced,
unsettled, mad (implyina fremy or violent
delusion), brainsick, aisordered; spec.
maniac, maniacal, morbid, raving, dis-
traught (literary), distracted, distract (ar-
chaic), moonstruck, witless (now rare),
idiotic, flighty, foolish, imbecile, cretinous,
frantic (now rare), feeble-minded, weak-
minded, doting or dotard, doughbaked
(dial, or coUoq.), possessed, locoed (coUoq.,
U, S.), dotty (coUoq, or slang), dotish or
doatish, fatuous (now rare), mattoid; see
delirious.
Antonyms: see sane, rational.

deranged person. Spec, lunatic, imbe-
cile, idiot, changehng (archaic), dotard,
madman, madwoman (rare), madling
(rare), maniac, monomamac.

derangement, n. 1. Spec, disarrange-
ment, disturbance, confusion, disorgani-
zation, disorder.

2. Referring tofunctions^ mental processes,
etc.: upsetting, disordermg (the act), dis-
order (the reeulting condiHon), distemper
(rare, exc. med.), imbalancing, disturb-
ance, perturbation (rare).
S. Referring to the rnind: alienation
(tech.), craziness, insanity, katatonia (a
form of insanity; tech,), insaneness, aber-
ration, craze (as, "in a a^aze*'), mania,
madness, dementia, dementedness, dis-
temperature (rare); spec, rage (poetic),
distraction, delirium, dehration (now liter'
ary)^ demonomania, idiocy, idiotism,
cretinism, idiotcy (not a good word), im-
becility, tatuity. frenzy, furiosity (chiefly
Scots law), delusion^ kleptomania, ly-
canthropy, lypomama or lypothymia,
paranoia, paraphrosyne or paraphrenitis,
paraphrenia (rare), perturoancy (rare),
perturbation (rare), unbalance (rare),
vesania (rare), crack.
Antonyms: see sanity.

tW See Notes of Explanation*
123

derallot, n. An abandoned IkiTtg, as a iies-
sd, tract of Umd, etc.: apee. outcast, dere-
liction.

d«rl*Btlon, n. 1. See tuvEKancE, dehtva-

2. getting, obtaining, drawing, taking, ex-
traction ((w of annfort from some faei or
drcumalance).
t, origination, oripn; «pfic. etymology.

darlTAUve, n. denvate, derivation; spec,
compound, paronym {rare).

deilTe, V. t. 1. See infer, trace.
I. get, obtain, draw, take, extract
(chiefly spec, or jig.), deduce.

deilve, V. i. arise, come, originate, spring;
spec, descend.

d«i«ead, II. i. I. fall, drop, sink, subside
{chiefly bookieh), settle; spec, gravitate,
plunge, precipitate, tumble, aloop, swoop,
pounce, eouse, alight, demount, dis-
mount, decline, droop, dip, set (as the

4. Of duties, rights, etc.: devolve, pass,
come, go, fall, succeed (rare).

5, Of family descent: spring, issue (now
onlylaw), come, arise.

•. To make an incursion: fall.

defeendaot, n. dcscendent, offspring,
progeny, child, issue (chiefly legal), pos-
terity (ekUfty collective pi.), scion (rare),
offset (rare), offshoot (rare), posteriors
(pi.), son (nitUe), daughter (female), etc.;
spec, epigone (rare). "Descendant" and
"poslerily" or "poeleriorg" are the only
words commonly used of those not im7ne-
diately descended.
Antonyms: see ancestor.

deusendent&l, a, empirical, poative, nal^
uralistic; — opposed to "tranacendenlal."

deiQendlnKi a. descendant or deacendent
(both rare), down (lech, or coUoq.), cadent
(rare), declivous, falling, aetuing, etc,;
spec, catadromous, downright.
ArUonyms: see risinh.

dasoent, n. 1. deacension (rare), fall, drop,
sinking, subsidence, settlement (chieny

r.), down (cftiefly in "ups and downs ),
nfall, downcome, droop (poetic) ; spec.
gravitation, plunge, precipitation (lOer-
arp), tumble, lapse, stoop, swoop, souse,
alighting, dismount, declination, dip,
downrush, pounce.
Artlonyms: see rise.
1. slope, declivity, decline, dip, pitch,

ing, succession (rare),

1. devolution, poi
devolvemeat.

4. ancestry, lineage, pedigree, progeni-
ture, progenitorship (rare), origin, ori^nial
(rare), extraction, engendnire (archaic);
spec, paternity, parentage, birth, filiation.

defloilbable, a. portray able, pain table,
drawable, definable, figurable, representr
able, characterizable; — wilk spedflc in-
plicalions.
Antonyms: see iNDEScamABLE.

describe, v. t. 1. To tell in word*: picture,
depict, portray, paint, depaint (emphoHe),
limn (literary), delineate, draw, figure,
represent; spec, outline, define, character-
ize, qualify, sketch, adumbrate (rore),
blazon, image, empicture (rare), epithet,
epitomize, gazetteer, detail, miniature,
misdescribe, portraiture (rare), phrsse,

9. See DEUKEATE.

desoriptloii, n. 1. Describing in vxtrds:
picturing, depiction, depicture (rare), por-
trayal, porl.rayment (rare), painting, lim-
ning (lilerary), delineation, representa-
tion; spec, drawing, sketching, sketch,
outluiing, outline, definition, figuring,
imaging, characlerization, adumbration
(rare), blazonry or blazonment, blaion,
cacotype, collation, signalraent (rare),
portraiture, portrait, periegeaia (rare),
presentment, prospectus, bypotypoeis
(rare), image (rare), iconography.
9. See KIND.

desorlptlTs, a. depictive, delineative, de-
linealory, definitive, figurative, represent-
ative; spec, adumbrative, graphic, life-
like, graphical (rare), vivid.

desecrate, v. i. contaminate, profane, de-
file, unhallow (rare), pollute, violate.
Antonyms: see consecrate.

desecration, n. contamination, defile-
ment, profanation, sacrilege (rare), viola-
tion, pollution.

desert, a. I. abandoned, unfrequented,
desolate.

5. iSee WASTE, WILD, BARREN.

desert, n. solitude, wilderness, waste; spec.
Sahara (flfi.), karoo.
desert, v. t. fail; spec, disappoint, jilt, bolt;

I

desert, v. i. leave, quit: spec, apostatue,
renegade, skirt (of a dog deserting from
the hunting-pack), backslide.

deserter, n. runaway, runagate (literary or
archaic), transfuge (rare), transfugilive
(rare), rat iw ratter (slang); spec. T^creaat,
Damas (fig.), renegade, turncoat, apos-
tate, traitor.

^^_ d«r

DESTINB

desertion, n. apostasy, recreancy.

deserre, v, t. merit; spec, earn, demerit.

deserred, a. condign (archaic, exc. of pun-
iahmerU), just, rightful, merited, due.

deseryins, a. worthy, meritorious, good
(contextiuil).

destcn, V. t. 1. See intend, plan, devise.
S. devise, create, plan, project; spec, out-
line, deUneate, invent, sketch, cartoon,
weave.

destcn, v. i. 1. devise, create, invent, plan;
— referring to artistic work,

S. See INTEND.

design, n. 1. See plan, intention, adap-
tation, ARTIFICE, ART.
9. device, contrivance, creation; spec, fig-
ure, model, cartoon, diaper, print, weave,
pattern, blazonry, bearmg, blazon, colo-
phon.

designated, a. Spec, specified, mentioned,
named, given, stipulated.

desirable, a. pleasing, op table (rare), fair;
spec, covetable, preferaole.

desire, v. i. wish, want, long, yearn (chiefly
elevated or poetic), crave, aspire, lust (rare
or spec.), pleasure (rare), burn, gasp,
pant, raven (rare), list (literary), thirst,
itch, reck (rare), rage (intensive), hanker
(Mefly coUoq.); — mostly spedfixi (of. de-
sire, n.).

desire, v. t. wish, want, desiderate, greed
(rare), hope, crave, covet, ambition (rare).

desire, n. 1. conation (tech.), wish, want,
appetite (spec, or fi>g.); spec, longing,
yearning, appetency, craving, crave (rar^,
avidity, covetousness, covetise (archaic),
avarice, cupidity (archaic), concupiscence
(chiefly spec.), lust (usually for what is
wrong), aspiration, ambition, eagerness,
burmng, panting, greed, greediness, ra-
pacity, rapaciousness, ravenousness, de-
sideration, desiderium (literary), opta^
tion (rare), itching, itch (usually contempt-
uous), fever, calenture (literary), device
(obs, or rare, exc. in **left to one's own de-
vices*'), letch (rare), hunger, hungriness,
hanker, gluttony (fig.), breathing (used
with ^* after"), list (rare or archaic); licker-
ishness or hquorishness, lechery, orexis,
voraciousness.
Antonyms: see aversion.
S. desideratum; spec, hope, passion, god-
send.

desirous, a. wishful; spec, wistful, avid,
avidious (rare), covetous, avaricious, cu-

pidous (rare), concupiscent, ooncupisci-
ole, lustful, aspiring, ambitious, eager,
greedy, eraspins, rapacious, thirsty,
thirstful, lickerish or uquorish, hungry,
edacious (literary), voracious, gluttonous,
desiderative (often tech.).

desist, V, t, stop, cease, stay; spec, pause,
forbear.
Antonyms: see continue.

deslc, n. Spec, table, faldstool, escritoire,
lectern.

desolate, a. 1. See alone, lonely, un-
frequented, UNINHABITED, DEPRESSED,
GLOOMY.

S. waste; svec. ruinous, ravaged, desert,
barren, wila, bleak, inhospitable.

desolate, v, t, 1. See depopulate, de-
press, DEVASTATE.

9. waste, ravage, destitute (rare), devas-
tate, havoc (rare); spec, ruin, sack, pillage,
bum.

desolation, n. 1. Spec, loneliness, unfre-
quentedness, uninhabitedness, deserted-
ness, depression, cheerlessness.
2. wasteness (rare); spec, devastation,
ruin, ruinousness, desertion, barrenness,
ravage, wildness, bleakness, dreariness.

desperado, n. desperate (obs.); spec, black-
guard, brave, bravo, apache (French),
freebooter, ruflBan, brigand, bandit, buc-
caneer, filibuster, pirate, marauder, rob-
ber, plunderer, raider, despoiler, looter,
assassin, mohock, plug-u^ly (slang or
cant; U, S.), rowdy, highbmder, warrior
(Amer, Indian), bully, rapparee (hist.),
berserk, berserker, moonlighter, moss-
trooper, thug.

despisal, n. contempt, abhorrence.

despise, v, t, abhor, disesteem, contemn
(literary), scorn, oisdain, despite (ar-
chaic), misprize (rare); spec, spurn, scout,
ridicule, ignore.
Antonyms: see honor, esteem.

despond, v, i, despair (implying vUer loss
of hope).
Antonyms: see hope.

destination, n. 1. appointment, ordain-
ment, predetermination, ordination
(chiefly spec.), foreordainment.
2. See PURPOSE.

S. goal, bourne (chiefly poetic), terminus
(chiefly tech.); spec, haven, harbor, port,
station.

destine, v, t, 1. appoint, predestine, pre-
destinate, ordain, fate, predetennine,

Cross references: see Note.
dMhablUe: undreaa.
desiooate: dry.
desicnate: indicate, appoint,

mention.
detisnatlon: indication, ap-

pointment, name.
dMlcninc: scheming.

despair, n.; depression, hope-
lessness.

despair, v. i.: despond.

despairing: depressed, hopeless,

despatch: var. of dispatch.

desperate: depressed, hopeless,
extreme, frantic, heroic, Tech-
less, great.

desperation: d«premon, Tiiopa-

lessness, recklessness.
despondency: depression,
despondent: depressed.
despot: atUocrcU, tyrant.
despotic: autocratic, tyranni-

caf.
desquamate: scale.

t:W See Notes of Ezplanatlen.
125

foreordain, order, shape, weird (rare);

spec, foredoom, doom.

). See AODBBsa.
dafUnT. n. I. lot, doom, fate, ordinance

(.arehaie), kiamet {literary), star (rare),

fortune,

t. See TATE.
daiHtute, a. 1. See devoid.

B. poor ((wntexiuoi),pemiile88, moneyleBH.
deitroy, P. (. I. See demoush, kill, an-

TERACT. DEVASTATC.

B. demolish, tuin, ruinate, unform {rare),
perish iarchate), eubvert, fordo iarchaic);
tpec. blot (used uiifA "oul")^ break, shat-
ter, Hhipwreck, devastate, diamantle, con-
sume, raze, spoil, efface, cruah {used with
"out"), erode, diffiolve, desolate, abate,
kill; — r^erring to tnalerial, or fig. to im-
Tnaterial, things.
Antonyms: see build, establish, CON-

ruin, Hpoil, demolish, nullify, rend,
kill, explode, sap (fig.), shatter, murder,
dissolve, root (u^ up" or "out"), fordo
{arehaie); — referring lo immaterial things.

AjU/myms: see constrcct.
deitroyer, Tt. destructor (rare), ruin, de-
molisher, raser, etc.; spec, biblioclaat,
iconoclast, vandal, ete.
dcitmctlble, a. destroyable, perishable,
eradt cable.

AjUonifma: see indesteucttible.
deitrnotlon, n. Spee. demolition, ruin,
ruination, death, killinp, spoliation,
wreck, devastation, aniiihilation, ship-
wreck, vandalism, dissolution, holocaust,
erosion, ete. Cf. nEBTRor,
destructive, a. demolitionary, ruinous,
subversionary, annihilative, extermina-
tive, extinctive, ertirpatory, eradicatory,
consumptive; spec, pestiferous, interne-
cine, iaterdestructive, fatal, pernicious.

Anlonym/i: see crbativr.
detaah, v. t. 1. separate, disconnect (ekUfiy
spec.), unfix, loose, disunite, disjoin, dis-
sever; spec, disengage, draft, disjoint, dis-
anchor.

Antonyms: see attach, connect, join,

>. See DETAIL.

datkohmeat. n. I. separation, disconnec-
tion (chiefiy s]jec.), unfixing, loosening,
disuniting, disjoining, disjunction, dis-
severance; spee. disengagement.
ArOotij/ms: see connection, joining.

B, Spee. aloneness, aeparation.

». See DETAIL.

detftU, n. 1. item, particular, niinutia J

(chiefly in pi. "minu/ae"), circumstan

1. iSpec. circumstantiality, account.

■. In mil. use: body, party, detachment; 1

spec, picket, patrol, party. I

detail, V. t. 1. descnoe, report, mention, I

explicate (rare). '

1. In mU. use: appoint, detach.
detailed, a, full, circumstantial, partiou- I

lar, minute, itemiied (chiefly spec.).
detain, v. t. 1. See withhold. I

s. hold, stay, keep, delay, retain; spee. i

confine, check, buttonhole, buttonhold, ,

becalm, embay (liitTary).
Antonyms: see habtbn,
detective, n. Spec, spotter (slonf)}, i

(slang), Pinkerton.
detention, n. 1. withholding.

spee. confinement, check, demurra^.
deteriorate, v. t. decline, worsen, pejorate I

(rare), disimprove (rare), impair; spec, do- I

generate, rust, wear.
Antimyms: see iupbovb.
determinate, a. 1. See DE

S. definitive, conclusive.
determination, n. resolution, constancy, I

backbone, sturdiness, grit (eoUog.), firm- 1

ness, Btaroina, pluck (cMoq.). I

determined, a. resolute, resolved; bent J

(with "on"), stalwart, p

spec.; uHth "to"), set.
detract, v. i. flubtract, derogate; — esp, M I

as to impair or injure, as reputation, hap- I

piness, ete. I

detriment, n. loss, disadvantage, preju- I

dice, harm, damage, ruins (pi.; arehaie or

obs.), cost, injury: spec, mischief, hurt,
detrnnoate, v. I. To cui off; crop,
deaoe, n. 1. See two.

devastate, v. t. desolate, destroy, ravage^ j
waste, harry, havoc (rare), scour; spec
plunder, sack, strip. I

devastation, n. desolation, destruction, I
ravaging, ravage, waste, havoc, ruin, I
vQstation (rare); spec, plunder, aack, "
stripping.

develop, i>. t. 1. See disclose, dmpou>.
9. unfold, evolve, expand, disenvelope
(rore); apec. ripen, unravel, elaborate, ex-
plicate (rare or logic), breed, mature,

daAltutton: abMtna. po
dMBatiide: diiuu.

diteetiss: ditcoKry, pa

e Not« at Explaaatlon,

detMti nMor,

datbronai de^on.
delont, d«tonr: ciVr

1

DEVOUT

force, gestate; — r^erring to the comjilelion,
'perfection, or the likCf of something by
oringing out its possibilities.
Antonyms: see condense.
t. deduce, educe, unfold; — referring to the
bringing out of something talent,
4. proouce, form, grow, breed, engender.
develop, v. i. 1. evolve, unfold, expand,
grow; spec, boom, flower, segment, pro-
gress, ripen, mature; see ripen.

2. See FORM, GROW, APPEAR.

developinent, n. !• disclosure, unfolding,
revelation.

2. unfolding, unfoldment {rare), evolve-
ment, evolution {often spec.), expansion;
spec, unraveling, elaboration, explication
{rare or logic), maturing, maturation, ma-
turement {rare), forcing, gestation, cult-
ure, upgrowth, uprise {coUoq.), boom,
histogenesis, descent, progress.
Antonyms: see condensation.
t. deduction, educement, eduction, un-
folding.
4. See PRODUCT, formation, growth.

deviate, v. i. turn, depart, incline, decline,
vary, sheer {chiefly spec.), swerve, divert
(archaic), digress {rare in the literal sense),
exorbitate {archaic), excurse {rare), veer
{chiefly naut.), slue, slew, wander {chiefly
fig, or spec), stray {chiefly spec.), deflect
{rare), diverge; — used liierally arid fig,

deviation, n. turn, turning, departure, va-
riation, wandering, straymg, veer {chiefly
spec.), deflection, declination, divergence,
sneer {chiefly spec), swerve, sweep, in-
clination, diversion, di^ession {rare in the
literal sense), exorbitation {rare); spec, dis-
orientation, excursion, drift.

device, n. 1. In an immaterial sense:
contrivance, arrangement, desi^, plan,
scheme, invention, project, expedient, con-
coction, conceit, brew {fig.).
2. Referring to a material thing: contriv-
ance, arrangement, design, invention, con-
traption {coUoq.), fangle (o6s.); fanglement
{rare); spec crochet, curwhibble {rare),
tool, instrument, shift,
t. emblem; spec cockade, pageant {hist),
cipher {of letters), monogram, legend,
motto.

4. See IDEA, contrivance, trick, ex-
pedient.

devil, n. 1. [cap., 'Hhe DevU"] Demon {con-
textiud), Satan, Deuce {in expletive use).
Dragon, Old Serpent, Satanas {archaic).
Old Harry {euphemism), Lucifer {rare),
Deil {Scot.), Auld Homie {Scot.; coUoq.),
Old Nick {euphemism), Davy Jones {sail-
ors* dang). Tempter, Archfiend. Arch-
enemy, Prince of Darkness, Foul Fiend,

Enemy, Adversary, Apollyon, Mephis-
topheles, Mephisto, Lubberfiend, Evil
One. Also popularly: Old Nick, Old Lim-
mie. Old Clootie, Old Teaaer, Old One,
etc., Robin Goodfellow.
Antonyms: see god.

2. See DEMON, WRETCH.

devilish^ a. 1. [cap.] Satanic, Satanical,
Luciferian {rare),

2. demonic, demoniac, diabolical, fiend-
ish, Satanic, serpentine {rare), satanical,
infernal, heUish, inhuman.
Antonyms: see heavenly, human.

devilry, n. mischief {contextual), devilment,
deviltry, diablery, diablerie {rrench).

devious, a. 1. Departing from the direct
course: roundabout, circuitous, crooked,
indirect {chiefiy Jig.),
Antonyms: see straight.
2. Following an irregular course: devi-
ating, deviatory, wandering, straying.

devise, v. 1. 1. To think up: contrive, invent,
conceive, concoct, plan, design, imagine
{obsolesc), brew {fig.), shape, cook {uswaUy
with ^*up"), cogitate {formal or literary),
excogitate {rare), cast {obsolesc), plot,
scheme, project^ formulate, fudge {often
with '*up ), fabricate, manmacture, frame,
elaborate; spec, machinate, hatch, spin,
forge {evil), forecast {obsolesc),

2. See BEQT7EATH.

devisins, n. devisement {rare), contriv-
ance, contrival {rare), premeditation,
devisal {rare), imagination {obsolesc), con-
coction, projection, framing, machination.

devoid, a, destitute, void, forlorn {literary);
spec bare, free, empty ',--aU used with**ofJ*

devotee, n. devotionalist, devotionist
{rare), votary, enthusiast, zealot; spec, ob-
late, corybant, bacchanal, bacchant, bac-
chante (fem.); — used of religious devotees
and Jig,

devotion, n. 1. See consecration, dedi-
cation, appropriation, appucation,
addiction, constancy.
2. zeal, cult, prayerfulness, exercitation.
t. worship; spec meditations {pL), vigils
{pi.). The word * ^devotion" is often used in
the plural, collectively,

devour, v. t, 1. eat, raven, wolf {slang),
gorge, glut, gulp {esp, with "down"),
scoff {slang),
2. See CONSUME.

devour er, n. eater, cormorant C^.), locust
{Jig.); spec, epicure, gormandizer.

devourment, n. 1. eating, Ugurition
{rare),

2. iSee CONSUMPTION.

devout, a, 1. pious, religious, holy, prayer-
ful, heavenly-minded.

td^ Cross references: see Note.
devolve, r. t.: pcus, descend.

deTolve, V. t.: transfer.
devote: consecrate, dedicate,ap-

propriate, apply, addict, condemn.
devoted: accursed, addicted, conetant.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

127

Anionymi-. see mnEUGious.
S. SeesiNCBKB.
dcTOUtaess, n. piety.
dew, n. moiature, precipitation; — both am^

dewi V. I. wet {.corUextuoTi, moisten {corir-
textual), bedew (tnCenswe).

dswy, a. moist (eontezfuoi), roral (rare),
roficid (rare),

dlasonal, a. comerwiae, bias.

dlafoiuair, ocfi;. coinerwise, bias.

dlaKram, n. delineation, plan, scheme
(rare), pkt iehiefiy spec.), outline; spec.
plot, aketoh, section, graph {(ecft.).

dt^grmm, v. I. dehneate, plan, outline, plot,
plat ([/. S.); apce. grapK (coUog.).

dlmleot, n. language {amtexluat), lingo
(amUmptuous) ; spec, patter, patoia
IFrench), argot, cant, jargon, idiom, ver-
nacular.

dIaioCQfi n. conversation (corUexiwd);
spec. anip-Bnap, flyte, eollogue.

diameter, n. width {conlextuaTj; spec.
thickness, bore, caliber, module.

diametilc, a. utter (■used before "oppo-
site"), absolute, exact, precise, etc.

diarrhea, n. laxity, loosenesa, losk (o&a. or
vet.), skit (dial.), flux; spec, cholera, chol-
erine, dysentery, hentery, scour, purge.

dtotata, V. I. I. See bpeak.
>. bid, prescribe, order, direct, enjoin;
spec, impose.

dlotaUon, n. 1. See ePEAKma.
■. bidding, injunction, order, prescrip-
tion, etc.

diotatorlal, a. commanding, authorita-
tive, injunctive, magisterial {bookish or
leanied), directory, dogmatic.
ArUotiyms: see obedient.

dtotlon, n. expression, atyle (contextual),
wording, phraseolo^; a-aec. form, idiom.

dlctlooary, ti. wordboofc, lexicon {chiefly
spec.), vocabulary; spec, theeaurus, gradua
{short far "Gradus ad Parntxssum"), gloft-
sary, gloss (rare), gazetteer.

dlotam, n. saying, dictate, say-so {dial, or
U. S.), say {poetic or obs.).

die, V. I. 1. expire, perish, decease {lilerary
or formal), demiae (eleiialed or Tketorical),
depart {euphemislie), crook {slang), drop
{chiefly eoUoq.), end (now rare), pass (or-
chaie, or used with "on" by Ckrislian Sci-
etUietii), succumb (rhetorical); spec, fall,
drown, hang, suffocate, suicitle.
Antonyms: see live, qrow, aEt<rER&TB,

t. See OAsanEne, stop, vanish, 7ade,

DISAPPEAR.

die, n. I, dice (rare), bones {pi; ccUoq.),
devil's bones (pi.; coHog. or in obloquy),
ivories (pi.; slimg); spec, demy, dispatcher

(sloTig), dispatch (alarig), fulham, doctor

(old slang), goads (pi.; canl).

3. stamp; spec, punch, swage, matrix,

hub.

). See PATB.
diet. n. I. See food.

1. regimen.
dffleT, V. i. 1. disagree {used vsUk "wilh"),

vary (used with from"), diverge (used

wUn "from."), deviate {tiied with from"),

depart (uaed toith "from"), diacept (rare),

djaaeoord (laed imth "with"), ^crepate

Antonyms: see iOREE.
S. diasent, disagree, disaccord.
AtUont/mt: see agree.

I. See DISFUTB, QUARREL.

dUTetenoe. n. 1. disagreement, variance,
variation, dissemblance {archaic), diver-
^ncc. deviation, departure, het«ro^en&-
ity, odds, disaccord, distinction, distinct-
ness, discon^ruity, dissimilarity, distinc-
tion, dissimilitude (rare), separat«ness, in-
conformity, unlikeness, contrast, intWval,
diversity, disparity, dispart, mconsist-
encc, inconsistency, contradiction, oon-
tradictorineaa, repugnance, antAgonism,
inimicaUty (rare), hostility, hostileness,
adverseness, irreconcilability, irreconcil-
ableness, incongruity, incongruousneaa,
incompatibility, incompatibleness, dis-
cordance, discordancy, dissonance, dis-
sonance, inharmonioiAsnesa, contrariety,
contrariness, discrepation (rare), con-
verseness, opposition, oppoBit«nees, an-
tithesis, antithetic&lness, disparity, dif-
ferentia, nuance {French). Most of thete
words are more or less specific in their imr
j^icaiions.
Antonyms: gee agreeuent, resem-

8. dissension, disaccord, disagreement;

re. controversy, dispute, altercation,
3ord, quarrel, bicker, contentioa,
strife, brabble, feud, fray, jar, jangle,
wrangle, embroilment, variance.
Antonyms: see aoreguent.
diOeient, a. 1. disagreeing, variant, di-
vergent, deviative, distinct, dissimilar, un-
like, diverse, divers (orcAotc), contrastivo,
contfastful (rare), inconsistent, oontrft^
dictory, repugnant, antagonistic, tmtap
onistical, inimical, hostile, adverae, ir-
reconcilable, heterogeneous, incongruous,
incompatible, discordant, dissonant, in-
harmonious, contrary, converse, incon-
formable, disparate, contradistinct, dis-
crepant, discriminate (arcAaic), other-
guess (coUof.), otherwise (used onf;/ predi-
catively); — referring to things which differ
from each other in some quaiily or ottrtbutt.

I

DIGRESS

Most of these words have specific implica-
Hons, ** Different*' is the most general term.

Antonyms: see alike, same.
S. distinct, separate, other (than), non-
identical, unidentical; spec, various; — not
implying any difference in kind or char-
Oder, but merely nonriderUUy,
Antonyms: see same.

differentiate, v. t, difference, specialize,
discriminate, sever; spec, disequalize, de-
S3monymize, despecificate.

difficult, a, !• difficile (archaic), hard,
troublesome, uneath (archaic), nice,
tough (coUoq.), uneasy (rare), stiff; spec.
arduous. Herculean, skillful (rare), tick-
lish, upnill, crabbea, cramp, nice, awk-
ward, wicked (coUoq.), knotty, spiny,
thorny, laborious, painful, delicate, ob-
scure, abstruse, mysterious, exacting, stiff,
labored.
Antonyms: see easy.

2. See EBiBARRASSINQ, AUSTERE, UNMAN-
AGEABLE.

difficulty, n. 1. hardness; spec, arduous-
ness, laboriousness, niceness, delicacy,
obscurity, abstruseness, crabbedness.
Antonyms: see ease.

2. Spec, crux, exigency, knot, nodus, per-
plexity, trouble, obstacle, dilenmia, pre-
dicament.

t. 5ce OBJECTION.

4. embarrassment; spec, complication,
disagreement, imbroglio.

diffuse, a. !• wide-spread, scattered, per-
fuse (rare), dispersed, dissipated, dis-
seminated, dispelled, distributed, dis-
gregate (rare); spec, interdiffuse, effuse,
diffusive.
Antonyms: see concentrated.
9. See PROLIX.

diffuse, V. t. spread, scatter, strew, dis-
perse, dissipate, disseminate, dispel, dis-
tribute, disgregate (rare); spec, suffuse,
interdiffuse, effuse, circulate.
Antonyms: see concentrate.

diffuse, V. t. & i. spread, scatter, strew,
disperse, dissipate, disseminate, dispel,
distribute, dispense, dispensate (rare);
spec, circulate, radiate, disject, dispread
(archaic), dot, dissolve, shed, evaporate,
propagate, disgregate (rare).
Antonyms: see concentrate.

diffusion, n. spreading, spread, strewing,
dispersion, oissipation, dissemination,
dispelling, distribution, dispensation, dis-
pensing; spec, circulation, osmose, os-
mosis, effluve (rare), dissolution, cosmo-
poUtaiiism, propagation, diffluence (rare),
diaspora (Jewish hist.), centrifugence.

diffusive, a. spreading, scattering, strew-
ing, dispersive, dissipative, disseminative,
dispelling, distributive, distributory, dis-

pensative, dispensatory; spec, circulatory^
circulative. effluent, centrifugal, diffu-
gient (rare), catalytic, osmotic.

dis, V, t, 1. delve (archaic or literary, exe,
fijg.), grave (rare and archaic), excavate;
spec, costean, grub, dike, ditch, mine,
spade, root, rootle, spud, rout (chiefly
dial.), hoe, shovel, mattock, channel,
quarry.

9. To dig up: exhume (formal), dishumate
(literary arid chiefly fig.), dishume (rare),
disinhume (rare), unbury (rare), im-
earth, delve (archaic or literary), gnih;
spec, disentomb, disinter (fformal), mine.

die, V, i, !• grub.

9. work (contextual), drudge; spec, study.
"I%" is coUo^,

digest, n. abridgment (contextual); spec.
code, pandect.

digestible, a, light.

digestion, n. decoction; spec, bradypepsia
(now rare), eupepsy (rare), indigestion.

digestive, a, peptic (rare); spec, brady-
peptic (rare), eupeptic (rare),

digging, a. Referring to animals: fossorial,
fodient (rare), burrowing, effodient (rare).

digging, n. 1. dig, delving or delve (archaic
or literary)^ excavation.
9. excavation (rare), exhumation (/or-
mal), unearthing; spec, unburial (rare),
disinterment.

digit, n. Spec, finger, thumb, toe, dew-
claw.

dignified, a, stately, grave, noble, courtly,
majestic, august, imposing, portly, grand,
lofty, buskined (fig.; literary).
Antonyms: see xtndignified, bufpoon-

ISH.

dignify, v, t. honor {contextual), elevate,
lift, exalt; spec, dub, glorify, idealize,
transform (contextual), canonize, crown,
ennoble.
Antonyms: see abasb, degradb.

dignifying, a, honorific (formal or literary;
contextual), exalting, cQ^nificatory, ele-
vatory (rare); spec, glorifymg, doxological,
ennobling.

dignitary, n. dignity; spec, canon, bishop,
prelate, governor, etc,; — implying high
rank in office,

dignity, n, 1. worth, majesty, nobleness,
highness, nobiUty; spec, greatness, glory,
grandeur.

Antonyms: see insignificance.
9. stateliness, augustness, gravity, deoo-
rum; spec, portliness.
Anionyms: see buffoonery.
8. rank, elevation, station, place^ stand-
ing, eminence, honor; spec, preferment,
prelacy, papacy, governorship, etc.

4. SeeDlQNJTABY,

digress, v. i, 1. See deviatb.

tS^ See Notes of Kiplanatlon.
129

1. Re/nring to discourse, tlunighl, etc.: de-
viate, excuree (rare), divagate (rare), eva-
gate (rare).

dlKieaaloD, n. 1. See deviation.
t. Referring to diicourae, deviation, de-
parture, divagation, excursion, excursus,
diBCuraion, ocBasis (rare), evagation (rare);
epee. ecbole (rare), episode.

dike, n. 1. See channel, ditch.
9. bank; apec. estacade, levee.
ArUonytns: see trencb.

dlUpldatad, a. decayed, decadent, ruined,
run-down.

dUkpldBtton, n. decay, unrepair, ruin, dis-
integrity (rare).
ATittmyms: see inteoritt, repair.

dIl»pldatlTe, a. disintegrative, dtsint^gro-

dUktOible, a. Ewellable ixare), extensible,
distensible.

dilatation, n. expansion, swelling, swell,
enlai^ment, dilation; spec, dietention,
ectasia, aneuiiam, diastole, vari.^.
Antonyme: see contraction.

dilate, D. i. & t. I. enlarge, expand, am-
plify, swell; spec, distend, dome, in-

Anlonifms: see contract.
S. enlarge (in discourse).
dUfcent, a. 1. See indubtrious, con-

a. asfiiduoua, sedulous, atudious; — refer-
ring to actions.
dllaent, a. diluting, tliinning; spec, solvent,
dilute, a. diluted, wishy-washy (colloq,),
dilate, V. t. thin, weaken, attenuate, re-
duce; spec, adulterate.
Anloni/ma: lee condense, thicken.
dim, a. 1. dark, dusky, faint, dull; spec.
misty, pale, hazy, foggy, dreamy.
Anionynt: see bbioht-
«. See nuLL {mentally).
dlmeneloii. n. measure, extent, propor-
tion (eAiefly in pi.), girt.
diminish, V. t. & i. lessen, belittle, de-
creaae, minify (rare), minish (rare), re-
bate (rare), reduce, abate (archaic),
retrenui; spee. melt, minimiEe, narrow,
contract, shrink, shrivel, dwindle, lower,
taper, shorten, cut, abbreviate, abridge,
curtail, attenuat«, dwarf, deliquesce,
reef, decline, remit (rare), ease.
Anionyjns: see incilease, emI/ARGE,

dlmlntHhlOK. a. diminutive (obs. and rare,
in this sense), decrescent (liierary), reduc-
tive; spec, contractive, deliquescent, les-
sening. decreasing, etc., decreacendo.

dimlnntlon, n. diminishment, leaseninc,
decreasing, decrement {literary), retrencS'
ment, decrescence (liierary), reduction,
abatement; spec, shrinkage, abbreviation,
abridgment, curtailment, attenuation, del-
iquescence, taper, relaxation, remission,
defalcation (arthaic), rebalement (rare),
drawback, decline, decrescendo, etc.
Antonj/TTis: see increase, eni-arqemehi^

dtmnei*, n. d&rk, darkness, obecurity, dc.
C/.DlH,a.
AnUmjfins: see briqhtnksb,

din, n, noise, bruit (archaic), racket, ru-
mor (archaic); spec, clamor, turmoil, nub-
bub, tumult, uproar, clang, clash, craah,
clatter, hullabaloo (colloq.), rumble.
Antonyms: see silence.

din, V. t. ring; spec, clamor, clang, clash^
clatter.

dining, n. aristology (art iff dining), deip>
nosophism (rare).

dining room. iSpee. ordinary (Eng,), t
ciinium ( Roman anliq,),

dinner, a. prandial (affected or jocose),

dinner, n. Spec, dinnerette.

dlaosse, n, bishopric, bishopry, episcopa__.
spec, exarchate, eparchy, metropoutaQ,
patriarchate.

dip, V. 1. 1. immerse, plunge (suddenly), dive
(rare), immerge (rare), douse (into water),
implunge (rare); apec. bathe, souse, duck, j
ingulf or engulf (rare), pickle, baptize.
». See WET.
S. To remove by dipping: lade, bale, bail, J
scoop, ladle; spec, bucket.
*. hob (as a flag).

dip, V. i. 1. immerse, plunge, dive; spse.!
bathe, duck.
Antonyms: see euergb,

X See DESCEND.

1. go (into a subject, hook, etc,).

dip, n. I. plunge, immersion, dive, i

mergence; spec, douse, bath, intinotion, I
baptism.
Antonyms:
X See DESC
l.hob(oaofa,

diplomacy, n. 1. diplomatics (rare),' apae; 1
kingcraft, intrigue.
». See TACT.

dlplomatlo, a. Spec, temporizing, artful, I
politic; see tacttul, bcheuino.
Antonyms: ace awkward,

dlplomatlo agent, diplomatist, diplomat;
spee. proxenus, chargfi (Fretick), ambas-
sador, envoy, legate, internuncio, inter-
nuncLUs. consul, plenipotentiary, minister,
nuncio, resident.

I

jr(ft«K«j-mNo«.

dlgiwalTe: diicurii'i
dlie, ■>. I : ditch, drm
dllatfWT; tlotn.

dlUsaDoe: <
dllDTliim: •
dlm-ared: I

dlra; tKrtaitni^

DISAGREEING

direot, a. 1. See straight, immediate.
S. straightforward, dunstable (obs. or lU-
erary), downright, upright, flat, plump;
spec, pointed, frank, honest, sincere, ex-
press, unequivocal, dead.
Antonyms: see ambiguous, indirect,

WANDERING.

t. Referring to descent: lineal.
direct, v. t. 1. address (a letter, remarks,
etc.), destine {contextual).
2. aim, point, head, address, turn, bend,
determine; spec, guide, con {navJt.), in-
cline, dispose, level, shape, present, mo-
tion, intend (a Lalinism), dart, guide,
lead, steer, run, push, etc.

t. See BID, MANAGE, CONTROL, REFER (onC

to a person, to a place in a book, etc.) .

direotable, a. aimable, tumable, determin-
able; spec, guidable, leadable, steerable,
dirigible.

direotion, n. 1. addressing, address.
2. aim, aimins, pointing, addressing,
turning, turn, determination; spec, bent,
leading, guidance, steering, bearing, in-
dination, intention (rare).

t. See BIDDING, CONTROL, REFERENCE (aS

in **reference to a person, book," etc.).

4. conduct, control, disposal, disposition;
spec, command.

5. way, road (chiefly spec.), course, run,
bearing, point; spec, quarter, side, sense,
lead, east, west, north, south, etc., trend.

directly, adv. 1. Spec, straight, exactly,
lineally^ immediately, soon.
2. straightforwardly, downrightly, etc.,
plump, plumplv, flatly, etc.

dirge, n. monody (Greek literature), coron-
ach (Scot. & Irish), threnody, reauiem
(chiefly poetic), elegy; spec, myriologue
(rare), office (for the dead).

dirigible, a. directable, navigable.

dirt, n. 1. Spec, filth, grime, clart (dial.),
mire, muck, fouling, mud, sludge, dust,
impurity, etc.

2. See EARTH.

t. Spec, meanness, sordidness, obscenity,
nastmess.

dirt eating, geophagy.

dirtied, a. denlea, poUuted, pollute, fouled.

dirtiness, n. Spec, filthiness, filth, foul-
ness, etc.
Antonyms: see purity.

dirty, a. 1. Spec, grimy, filthy, foul, clart
or clarty (dial.), unclean, uncleanly, im-
pure (rare), miry, muddy, mucky, nasty,
vile, soily, cindery, grubby; see filthy,

FOUL.

Antonyms: see clean, spotless.
2. See discreditable, mean, indecent,

STORMY.

dirty, V. t. defile, foul, soil, sully (chiefly
fig.), filthifv (rare); spec, grime, pollute,
dust, muddy, mire, colly (archaic or dial.),
begrime, slobber (chiefly dial.), tar, be-
draggle.
Antonyms: see clean, purify.

dirtying, n. defilement, fouling, soiling, etc.

dis-. The prefix **dis-" h^ v^svmty a
stronger force than the prefixes "un-" and
*Hn-'*; as in ^'unrelated, "disrelated" ; *^unr
satisfied," ^* dissatisfied" ; "inability," "dis-
ability," etc.

disability, n. 1. Referring to the condition:
inability, incapacity, disablement; spec.
disquahfication, incompetence, superan-
nuation, unfitness.
Antonyms: see ability.
2. Referring to a defect: incapacity, crip-
plehood (rare), crippleness (rare), cripple-
dom (rare), lameness (chiefly spec.); spec.
palsy, paralysis, impotence, handicap, su-
perannuation.
Antonyms: see ability.

disable, v. t. 1. incapacitate, discapadtate
(rare), disenable; spec, disqualify, unfit.
Antonyms: see enable.
2. incapacitate, cripple, becripple (intent
sive), lame (chiefly spec.); spec, palsy,
paralyze, dishabilitate (Scots law), dis-
empower (rare), gravel, silence, founder,
dry-founder, hamstring, disarm, hock,
hough.

disabled, a. incapacitated, crippled,
lamed, lame, halt (literary or dignified),
halting; spec, palsied, superannuate, hoof-
bound, foundered, groggy (coUoq), hors
de combat (French), ^ame.

disadvantage, n. 1. mconvenience, dis-
commodity, disinterest (rare); spec, hin-
drance, drawback, check, disservice,
penalty.

Antonyms: see advantage, good.
2. See LOSS.

disadvantageous, a. inconvenient, awk-
ward, discommodious; spec, unfavorable,
harmful.
Antonyms: see advantageous.

disafforest, v. t. deforest (law or forestry),
disforest, diswood (rare), deafforest (rare).

disagree, v. i. differ (contextv^), dissent,
clash, conflict; spec, quarrel, dispute.
Antonyms: see agree, conspire, corre-
spond.

disagreeable, a. unpleasant; spec, nasty
(coUoq. in U. S.), cantankerous, hateful,
offensive.
Antonyms: see agreeable, affectionate.

disagreeing, a. 1. different, conflictory, in-
congruent, incongruous, inaccordant, dis-
cordant, jarring, clashing, contradictory,

Cross references: see Note.
diiadTlM: discourage.

disalleot: alienate, diapUaae.
disafflrm: deny.

ditafl&nnanoe: denial.
disagreeable: unpUatanL

f^T See Notes of Explanation.

131

DISAGBE&MEUfT

contrary, repugnant, divided (as peraojia),
factious, inconsonant, diecrepant.

W The word "disagreeing" is seldom used
adjeciively.
dliaczeement, n. I. diffei'cnce, disunity,
diacord, diaunion, clashing.

ATUonyms: see secession.
1. confliot, division, incongruence, incon-
gruouanesa, inaccordance, inaccordancy
(rare), contrariety, diacord, discordance,
discordancy, opposition, variance, divi-
sion, clash, dimculty; see dissension.

ATitonyrns: see aokeement, conspibact.

1. See fllFPERBNCE, DISPnTB, qUASllEL.

disappear, v. i. 1. vaniBh, evanish {em-
phatic; lilerary), die {used with "ajBay,"
"ovl," or "down"), evanesce, sink, go;
rpec. melt, dry, dive, dissolve (often wih
•'into"), fly (mih "away").
Anlonyms: see appeab.

dlsBppearaiioSi n. 1. vanishment (ra

(rare), diMolution, evanition (rare).
A.Jtionyms: see appearance.

dlsa.ppe*iiiiK, a. vanishing, evanescent,
etc.; see

diswhip (i
unating (Tare).
Anlonyim: see arm.
dlsarranKe, ii. I. 1. disorder, disturb, de-

(fore), topsy- turvyty (rare; humorom),
miiHa(l/.S.; oftcniiaedwilh"up"),]\imV\Q,
ruffle, dishevel, rumple, rummage (oflen
used with "over"), break, unsettle, tumble.
AntoTtyjus: see abkanqe, adjust, tidy.

9. See

hugger-

dUarc*DE«d, a, topsy-turvy,
mugger, discomposed, etc.

dlBbellei, n. diacredit, unbelief; spec in-
fidelity, agnosticism, heresy.

dlsbeUeve, v. t. discredit, miacredit (rore);
spec. doubt, reject.

diMflniine. a, bright, discriminating, dis-
criminative, nice, discriminant (rare),
dear-headed, subtle, acute, sharp, long-
headed, percipient (rore), clear-sighted.
long-Bightcd, perspicacious^ deep, saga-
cioua, Iteen, astute, piercing, judicious
(qflen spec.), eagle-eyed, Argus-eyed (Jifl.);
spec, discreet, searching.

9. discrimination, sagacity, shrewdness,
acumen, sharpness, brightness, depth,
perspicacity, msight, perspicaciousnesB
(rare), astuteness, keenness, longbeaded-
ness, sharpness, judiciousness (qft«n
»pet.); spec, discretion, tact, judgment.

ATtionyms: see stupidity.
diBaharge, v. I. 1. See unload.
>- shoot, fire; spec, volley, empty, play;—
in rr^erence to a bow, ^un, hoae, etc.

AiUonyms: see load.
1. project, expel, shoot, fire, throw; spec.
deliver, play ; — in re/erence to missiles.

4. dismiss, cashier, discard, remove, sack
(slang), bounce {alarig, U. S.), dispoet
(rare), kick (used with "out"; eoliog.), de-
pose (chiefly spec.); spec, disemploy (rare),
retire, demit (ardiaic), degrade, oi^lace,
expel, break (eoUoq.).

AiUonyma: eee hire, appoint.
t. See FREE (as f^o"^ obligation, confine
menl, etc.), ACgoiT, perform, pat, ba'^

e. diselectrify (rare).
dlBoharce, v. i. 1. ,$ee UNLOAD.
9. RefKjTing to a stream: disembogue^
empty, fail.

5. Referring to a sore, etc.: run, flow; spec
gleet.

dlioh*TKe> n. 1> unloading.
9. shooting, firing, fire; spec, play; — in
reference to a bow, pun, etc.
t. projection, expulsion, firing, shooting;
ivec, plav, delivery, round, rafue
(French), Durst, salvo, salute, fusillade,
voll^ ; — in reference to missHeg.
4. dismissal, remove (rare), cashierroent
(rare), discardment (rare), bounce (dang,
U. S.), sack {stang). removal, deposition
(chiefly spec); spec, disemployment (rare),
demission (archaic), degradation, dis-
placement, eTcpuIsion, congf (French), des-
titution (arcAoic).

i. See ACQUITTAL, ACQUITTANCE, PEB-
PATMENT, BATISPACnON, A»-
DEFRAtAL, EMISSION, EXPUIi-

: fromobU-

galiim, confinement, etc.).
8. outflow, run-oiT, disemboguement, emp-
tyina; — referring to fioving waters, tie.
7. Referringloamrejetc.: How, &UX,'

I
I

spec, profluviu
ichor, gleet.

^^_ dlMUtn

dlBBTOw: disdaiiA

dtffradt.

(Dtai af Eiplanatlon.

DISCORDANCE

disoiforin, a. circular, discoidal, discoid,
rotate.

disciple, n. adherent (contextual) ^ co-
follower, sectary {rare)y sectator {rare)j
progeny (coUective pL; fig.); spec, chela
{Hinduism), evangelist, apostle.

diBcipIinarian, n. martinet.

disciplinary, a. Spec, penitentiary.

discipline, n. 1. ^ee training, art, or-
der, PUNISHMENT.

2. control (not a good synonym), govern-
ment.
discipline, v. t. 1. tutor.

2. See TRAIN, PUNISH, WHIP.

disclaim, v, L deny, renounce, repudiate,
disown, disavow, disacknowledge (rare);
spec, abjure.
AnJUmyms: see claim, avow.

disclaimer, n. denial, abjuration, re-
nunciation, repudiation, disowning, dis-
avowal, disclamation (rare), disownment,
disacknowledgment (rare); spec, abjura-
tion.
Antonyms: see claim.

disclose, V. t. !• See uncover.
S. show, reveal, divulge, exhibit, expose,
uncover, discover (archaic), bare, unveil,
display, parade, flaunt, manifest, evince
(by some sign or token), betray, bewray
(archaic), publish, tell, blab, whisper, de-
clare, meld (cards), spill, demonstrate,
uncloak, unburden, unbundle (rare),
speak, confess, unshroud, unfold, uncur-
tain, develop, uncase, divulgate (literary),
unearth, open, discloud, blow (now
dang), evulgate (rare), communicate; —
all having more or less specific senses.
Antonyms: see hide.

dlsolosins, a. exhibitory, manifestive, ex-
positive, revelative, revelatory^ evincive.

disclosure, n. 1. Spec, uncovermg.
9. show, showing, revelation, reveal
(rare), revealment, uncovering, discovery
(archaic), unveiling, baring, unfolding,
development, exhibition, exposure, ex-
posal, expos^ (French), display, parade,
flaunt, flaunting, manifestation, monstra-
tion, evincement, divulgement, divulga-
tion (literary), divulgence, betrayal, be-
wrajral (archaic), apocalypse (rare), pub-
lication, telling, olabbing, whispering,
whisper, declaration, etc.; — aU more or
less specific in meaning.
Antonyms: see hiding.

discomfit, V. t. 1. See defeat.

2. embarrass, disconcert, confound, con-
fuse, abash, demoralize; spec, squelch
(coUoq. or slang).

discomfiture, n. 1. See defeat.

3. embarrassment, confusion, abash-

ment, demoralization, disconcertion, dis-
concertedness.

discomfort, v, t, distress; spec, annoy,
embarrass, pain, grieve.
Antonyms: see comfort.

discomfort, n. uneasiness, distress; spec,
malaise (French), disease (obs.); see an-
noyance, EMBARRASSMENT, PAIN, GRIEF.

Antonyms: see comfort, well-being.

disconcert, v. t. 1. Referring to plans, etc.:

disarrange, upset, disturb.

3. Referring to persons: disturb, upset,

demoralize, unbalance, faze (couoq.); see

ABASH, CONFUSE, EMBARRASS, DISCOMFIT.

Antonyms: see assure.
disconcertedness, n. disarrangement, up-
set (coUoq.), demorahzation, disconcer-
tion; spec, abashment, confusion, embar-
rassment, discomfiture.
Antonyms: see assurance.
disconnect, v. t. detach, separate, dis-
unite, disjoin, disjoint, dissociate, un-
combine (rare); spec, sever, uncouple, dis-
engage, dislink.
Antonyms: see connect, join.
disconsolate, a. 1. Spec, inconsolable,
comfortless; see hopeless, sad.

3. See DEPRESSING.

discontent, n. 1. discontentedness^ dis-
contentment, miscontent (rare), miscon-
tentment (rare), malcontentment (rare),
malcontent (rare), dissatisfaction, dissat-
isfiedness, heartburn (Jig.); see longing.
Antonyms: see satisfaction.
3. discontentee (ohs.), malcontent (the
visual word in this sense).

discontented, a. discontent, uncontented,
discontentful (archaic), miscontent (ar-
chaic), malcontent, dissatisfied; fipec.
weary.
Antonyms: see satisfied.

discontinuous, a. incontinuous (rare),
broken, discrete, disjunct (rare), discon-
nected, interrupted; see intermittent,
recurrent, inconsequent.
Antonyms: see continuous.

disoontinuousness, n. discontinuity,
brokenness, discreteness, discretion (rare),
disjunction (rare), disconnectedness, etc,

discord, n. 1. See disagreement, dis-
pute, quarrel, dissension, uproar.
3. Referring to sound: discordance, dis-
cordancy, dissonance, disharmony, jar
(rare), cacophony (chiefly music or pedarir
tic), jangle; spec. wolf.
Antonyms: see harmony.

discordance, n. 1. See DISAGREEMENT,
difference, discord.
3. harshness, cacophony (chiefly music or
pedantic), dissonance, oiscordancy.

fW Cross references: see Note.
dlsoolor, V. t.: color, stain.

disoommode: inconvenience.
disoompose: cLgitaU.

dlsoontent, v. t: diapletue.
discontent, a.: dieeontented.

10

tS^ See Notes of Rrplanatlon.
133

Anionj(m»: eec haruont, mklodt.
dlMordant, a. 1. See DiBAGREEmo, dif^

D19FUT&T10DS, QUARBELfiOME,

a. harsh, disaona .
coDBonant, unsweet (rare), disharmonic
fehiejly music oi
pedantic), untunable (rare), rough, jar-
ring, jaagling, jaagly (rare), rude, ciaah-

DISCORDANT

a. SeeBESTRAlN.

S. discounteuauce, disfavor; spec, diead-
viee, disaiiode (rare), dehort (rare); — in
refere/tce to a proposed action.

Anlonyrm: see pavob.
dUaouracemeiit, n. 1. depression, dis-
heartening, disbeartenment, dismay.

Antonifma: see cheer.
S. Referring to tluii which discourages:
damper, deterrent, wet blanket (coUog,).
S. diBcountenaace, disfavor; spec, disad-
viaemeut, dissuasion (rare), dishortatioo

dlBcooTOKlnEt a. 1- See depresbino.

S. discouDtenaDcing, disfavoring; spec.

dissuasive (rare), dehortative (rare), de-

hortatory (rare).
diiooiiTiB, n. 1. See conversation,

TAUC.

9. composition, exercitation, dissertation,
disquisition, preachment, i>eroratioa
(rare), descant (tUerarji), rhesis (rare),
lucubration {aflen derogatory); spec, the-
sis, treatise, homily, euloEy, colloquy, ejt-
hortation, address, sohloquy, recital,

dUooiuae, V. i. dissertate {formal), dissert
(rare), lucubrate (often derogatory); spec.
speak, write, treat, yam (colloq,), sermon-
ize; see DiBCUBS.

dlsoover, v. t. I. ascertain, spot (datig), in-
vent (rare), detect, discern, find, get;
tpec. distinguish, calculate, descry, espy,
spy, sight, hear, feel, sense, learn, strilie,
determme, unearth, amell, catch, evaluate,
canvass, sift.
B. See UNCOVER.

dliooverHbl*, a. ascertainable, determin-
able, detectable, discernible, distinguish-

able, calculatable, reperible (rare), find-
able, sensible, etc.

dlsooverr* 'i. 1- ascertainment, invention
(arcfiaic), defection, discernment; spec.
distinction, distinguishment, determma-
tion, finding, calciDation, dtiscrial, es))ial,
spying, sighting, hearing, feeling, sensing,
learamg, strike, striking, hittiDg, un-
earthing, mare's neat (numorotis), find
(colloq.).
S. spec, uncovering.

disoivdit, n. 1. disrepute, disparagement,
disesteem^ disrespect, raises teem, dis-
honor, disgrace, shame, scandal, igno-
miny, disfavor, infamy, obloquy, con-
tumely, contempt, attaiJot, opprobriimi,
reproach, odium. Most of lhe«e sjfnonyma
haiie specific implications. ,
AiUonyms: jiee honor.
a. Referrvig to that which bringa dues-
teem, etc.: di^race, dishonor, blot,
smirch, sUun, reproach, etc.
A ntotiifnis: see honor.
t. See DISBELIEF.

dlBoisdit. V, I, 1. disparage, dishonor, dis-
grace, shame, scandaiiie, stigmatise, at-
taint, stain, defame (archaic), impea<^,
der<^ate (rore or obs.), depreciate, com-
promise, infamize (rare), blot, mfame

of these synonyms mie speciju; impliat-

Antonyms: see confirm, eonob, fiuit-

dlHOTcdltable, a. disreputable, disrespect-
able, dishonorable, unworthy, derogatory,
derogative, disgraceful, degrading, shame-
ful, mglorious, scandalous, ignoble, di»-
honest (archaic), ignominious, infamous,
contumelious, opprobrious, foul, re-
proachful, odious, un worshipful (rare),
mdign (rore), dirty. Most of these syno-
nyms have specific impli/xitions.
Antonyms: see bonqbablb.

illsoursiTe, a. 1. iSee wandbbtno.
3. digressive, rambling, wandering, desul-
tory, touch-and-go (collog.), cursory, un-
connected, vague, loose, excursive (rare).
Atttonyms: see concise.

disousi, V. t. <t t. debate (to discuss for-
maily), discourse (v. i., contertual), talk
(coOoq,), canvass, treat, coniabble (iUHer-
ale or eotloq.); spec, reason, diolo^te (wUh

I
I

DISHONESTY

another), argue, sift, ventilate (so as to
make public), criticize, critique, review,
dispute, agitate, moot.

dlsoutsion, n. debate {formal discussion),
canvass, treatment, parlance (archaic),
parle (archaic), parley (archaic), d^mel6
(French); spec, amtation, argument, ven-
tilation, pilpul, dialogism, excursus, dis-
putation, review.

dtoeate, n. 1. ailment, malady, disorder,
sickness, distemperature (rare), ill (lUer-
ary), complaint, distemper, misa£fection
(rare), evil (oos. or archaic, exc. in
phrases); s^c, pest, infection, contagion,
dyspasia, intemperies (rare), idiopathy,
pestilence, plague, cacodthes^ deuterop-
athy^ decline, epizootic, epizo5ty, en-
zootic.
Antonyms: see remedy.

2. See UNHEALTH.

disease, v. t. disorder, indispose (chiefly in
p, p., ** indisposed"), distemper, affect;
spec, infect.
Antonyms: see cure, disinfect.

diseased, a. ailing (contextual), ill, sick,
distempered, sickly, unsound, unwell,
dyscrasic (rare), affected; spec, sickish.

disembark, v. t. & i. land, debark.

disembarrass, v. t. relieve, debarrass
(rare).
Antonyms: see embarrass.

disembodied, a. incorporeal, unbodied
(rare), disincamate (rare).
Antonyms: see material.

disembowel, v. t. eviscerate, embowel
(literary), disbowel (rare), bowel (rare),
gut (tech. or wlgar), viscerate (rare), de-
viscerate (rare), exenterate (rare, exc.fi^.);
spec, paunch, gib, draw, gill (rare),
grallocn.

disenchant, v. t. disencharm (rare), disil-
lusion, im witch (rare), disentrance.
Antonyms: see bewitch.

disentangle, v. t. disengage, untangle,
ravel, unravel, disen trammel (rare), un-
twine, elaqueate (rare), clear, disinvolve
(rare); spec, comb, tease.
Antonyms: see entangle.

distavor, n. 1. Spec, dislike, condemna-
tion, discredit, oispleasure, discourage-
ment.

9. <Siee UNKINDNESS.

disguise, V. t. hide, conceal, cover, cloak,
clothe, mask, veil, dissemble (usually im^
plying evil intent), dissimulate (usually
implying evil intent), veneer (fig.), color,
shroud, muffle; — implying a hiding or ob-

scuring by a false or counterfeit appear
ance, the words mostly hamnq specific imn
plications suggested by their literal senses,

disguise, n. concealment, cover, cloak,
mask (spec, or fig.), veil, dissemblance,
dissimulation, veneer, color, shroud, muf-
fler, masquerade (spec, or fig.); — mostly
having specific implications,

disguised, a, feigned^ cloaked, masked,
veiled, hidden, incogmta (fern,), incognito
(masc),

disgust, n, !• distaste (contextual), nausea,
loathing.
AntoTiyms: see pleasure.
2. dislike (contextual), aversion (contextr
vol), abhorrence, repugnance, abomina-
tion, loathing, displeasure (rare),
ArUonyms: see appetite.

disgust, V. 1. 1. displease (contextual), sick-
en, nauseate, revolt (a contextual sense).
Antonyms: see please, entice.
2. ^Sfee REPEL.

disgusting, a. 1. displeasing (contexttud),
distasteful (contextuhl), nauseating, nau-
seous, loathly (literary), loathful (now
rare), loathsome, sickening, foul, revolt-
ing, repulsive.
Antonyms: see pleasant.
2. abominable, revolting, foul, repulsive,
shocking, hateful, repugnant, abhorrent,
odious.
Antonyms: see attractive.

dish, n. vessel (contextual); spec, crock,
plate, platter, bowl, cup, saucer, tureen,
pitcher, tray, doubler (large; obs. or dial.),
plat (French), epergne, bonbonni^re
(French), skillet, saucepan, spider, cas-
serole, pan, gravy boat, tumbler, goblet,
caraffe, etc.

dishevel, v. t. disorder, touse, tumble,
tousle, ruffle, muss.

disheveled, a. disordered, tously, tousled,
unkempt, tumbled, mussy.
Antonyms: see dishevel.

dishonest, a. untrustworthy (contextual),
crooked, faithless, false; spec, comipt,
sinister, knavish, fraudulent, deceitful,
disingenuous, slippery, perfidious, treach-
erous.
Antonyms: see honest, conscientious,

VIRTUOUS.

dishonesty, n. untrustworthiness (conJtexlr
ual), crookedness, faithlessness, falsity,
improbity (rare), falsehood; svec, knav-
ery, knavishness, fraud, fraudulence, per-
flaiousness, perfidy, treachery, corruption.
Antonyms: see honesty, virtue.

' Cross references: see Note.
disdain, n.; contempt.
disdain, 0. (.; despise.
disenthrall: free.
dlsentbrone: depose.

disfavor, V. L: dislike^ con-
demn, discourage.

disfigure: deface, deform.

dlstumish: strip, dismantle.

disgorge: vomit, ejects rdir^
quish.

dlsgraoe: discredit, abase, de^

grade.
dlsgraoeful: discreditable.
dlscrantle: displease.
dlin, V. t.: serve, ruin, hoUow,
dishabille: undress.

%3ff^ See Notes of Ezplanationi

135

msurozjHATioir

dlslnelliuttloii, n. indisposition, indls-
poeedneas; spec, unwillingness, reluctance,
reluctancy, grudginEaess, aversion, dis-
like, distaste, disaffection.
Antonyme: gee inclination.

diilnleot, V. t. sanitize, eanitB.te, sterilise;
spec, fumigate, tislerize, asepticize, eteajn,

Antonyma: ace disease, poison.

dlBlnccDQout. a. artful, deceitful.

dlilnheclt, v. t. disown, eKheredat« (rare).

dtd&heiltanoe, n. disowning, exhereda-
tion (rare), disherison (lech, or literary),
disinherison {rare), disownmeat.

dlsliit«(T>ta, f. t. <£ t. decompose, resolve
(rare); spec, dissolve, aoalyze, crumble,
crumb, decay, weather, disgregate, dif-

Anionyms: see compobb.
dialBtegiatloii, n. decomposition, reso-
lutioD (rare), wmlysis, e(c.
dlilnter, u. t. dig (contextual), dishume, ud-
bury, exhume, unearth, disinhume; spec.
disentomb, unchamel (rare).
Antonyms: see flnRT.
disinterment, n. digging (corUexlual}, ex-
humation; spec, disentombment.
Antonyms: see bukial.
disjoint, V. i. 1. joint) spec, break.

1. See DISUNITE, DISCONNECT, DISLOCATE.

disk, n. cirde; avec. saucer, button, squail,
paten, rounds, roundlet, sabot, flan,
discus, quoit (.doss antiq.), umbrella
(zodl).

disk-ihAped, a. placentoid (tech.; rare).

dislike, n. I. Spec, disfavor, antipathy,
aversion, distaste, disrelish, disgust, re-
pugnance, repulsion, displeasure, objec-
tion, diainclination, dyspathy, mislikmg,
detestation, abhorrence, abomiaation, un-
friendliness, ill-will, disaffection, dislove
(nonce Uiord), hostility, enmity, dispeace
(rare), animosity, hate, hatrM, malevo-
lence, malice, spit« {obs. or dial,). The
wordafrom "dislike" U> "abomination" re-
fer especially to an emotion or feding
prompting asoidance and aroused by am-
Utet wiiA, or experience of, the Meet in
question; the words from "unfrieiuUiness"
to "maletiolerKe" refer especia&y to the emo-
tion, feeling, or altitude aroused by some
more intimate relation invobdng saf-inter-
etf. "Didike" is the broadest (emi, apply-
ing to any degree of emotion.
Antonyms: see affection, enjoyment,

favor, loathe, detest, abhor, abominate,
hate, mislike (lileri^), resent, lump
(slang or vulgar). See aiSLTKE, n., r^ove.
Antonyms: see like, enjot.

disliked, a. Spec, detested, hated, loathed,
abhorred, despised, oonteinned.
Antonyms: see beloved.

dislooate, v. t. 1. displace, disjoint; «pec,
(referring (o bones) luxate, alip, disarticu-
late, exarticulate (rare), splay.

a. See DISAARANGE. DlBOaOANIZI].

dislooated, a. sbotten.

diiiodge, tt. t, t. displace, dispel, unlodes

(rare); spec, unrest (rare), dismount, un-

Antonyms: see deposit, nx.
>. remove, expel; spec, uncarap (rare),

dismantle, v. I. 1, See stiuf.
I. unfurnish, atrip, disfumiah; spec, un-
rig, dismast.
ArUonyms: see bquu>.
1. destroy (contextual); spec, raze, disem-
battle.

dismay, v. t. 1. discourage (conlextutd),
appall, daunt.
Antonyms: see ASSintEI.
S. Seei

dismember, v. I. 1. disjoint, dislimb (rare),
limb (rare), piecemeai (rare); spec, joint.

8. Sec MOTILATB.

dismiss, t>. t. I. To send away: spec, die-
solve, disperse.
Antonyms: see recall.

3. See DIBCHASGB.

S. To put away, as out of consideration:
spec, scout.

dlamonnt, v. i. alight, descend.

dlsmonnt,!!. (. 1. iSee disflacb, diblodob.
S. Spec, unhorse, dishorse.

dlsobedienoe, n. Donobedience, disobeyal,
mutiny (chiefly spec.), noncomplisjioe
noncompliancy. disregard; sjyec. insubor-
dination, recalcitrance, contumacy, re-
cusancy, recusance, undutifulness, re-
bellion, indiscipline, defiance, umulmeas,
waywardness, irowardness (archaic).
Antonyms: see obedience.

diaobedlenti n. nonobedient, mutinous
(chiefly spec,), noncompliant, diaregard-
ful; spec, insubordinate, contumacious,
recalcitrant, recusant, undutiful, rebel-
lious, ussubmissive (rare), rebel, froward
(archaic), unruly, wayward, defiant.
Antonyms: see obedient, complaisant.

dlilooUiled: oppoted. unwiU-

dUJolnt: dill,

tf Bee Notss a

DISPOSITION

disobey, v. t 1. Spec, ignore, defy; — in
reference to persons,

S. transgress, disregard, ignore; — in refer-
ence to commands.
Antonyms: see obey.

disorder, n. 1. disarrangement, misar-
rangement, deray (archaic) j misorder
(rare), disarray; spec, confusion, topsy-
txnrvy, irregularity, litter. Jumble, mud-
dle, mess, deordination (rare), entangle-
ment, tangle, dishevelment, muss (U,S,).
Antonyms: see arrangement.

S. See DISTURBANCE, DERANGEMENT, DIS-
ORGANIZATION, DISEASE, AILMENT.

disorderly, a. 1. Spec, irre^lar, im-
methodi(^, mess^ (coUoq,), untidy, order-
less, unsystematic, hugger-mugger, cha-
otic.

Antonyms: see orderly.
S. irregular, lawless; spec, riotous, rough,
anarchic, turbulent, tumultuous, rowdy,
rowdyish, topsy-turvy, rough-and-tum-
ble, mobbish, tumultuous.

Antonyms: see law-abiding.
disorsanization, n. disarrangement, dis-
ruption, disorder, derangement; spec, de-
moralization, dislocation.

Antonyms: see organization.
disorcanize, v. t. disarrange, disorder, de-
range, upset, disrupt; spec, demoralize,
dislocate, demobilize.

Antonyms: see organize.
disparage, v. t. 1. See discredit.
2. depreciate, asperse, decry, defame,
traduce, belie (archaic or rare), calumni-
ate, scandalize (rare), blackmouth (rare),
denigrate (literary), blacken, detract
(rare), mince (rare), diminish (archaic),
lessen (archaic), disconsider (rare), dis-
prize (obs. or archaic), derogate (archaic
or obs.), dehonestate (rare); spec, bedaub,
belittle, minimize, vilify, underpraise,
backbite, slur, slander, libel.

Antonyms: see compliment, praise,

ENNOBLE.

disparagement, n. 1. See discredit.
2. depreciation, decrial, defamation, as-
persion, reflection, traduction, scandali-
zation, calumny, calumniation, deniza-
tion (literary), blackening, aetraction,
diminution (rare), disconsi deration (rare),
derogation; spec, dehonestation (rare),
dispraise, blasphemy, vilification, slur-
ring, backbiting, slander, libel.

Antonyms: see compliment, praise.
disparagins, a. depreciatory, deprecia-
tive, cfliumnious, calumniatory, detrac-
tive, slighting, derogatory, light, vilifi-
catory, pejorative (rare or spec,); spec.
slanderous, libelous.

Antonyms: see laudatory.
dispel, V. t. 1. See scatter, dislodge.
9. dissipate, banish, resolve, scatter, ex-
pel, remove, disperse; — in reference to
doubts, fears, etc,

disperse, v, i. scatter; spec, diffuse, dis-
solve, d^band.

Antonyms: see convene, gather.
displace, v, t. 1. move (contexttud) , re-
move, translocate (rare), unplace (rare);
spec, remove, disjoint, spring, start, shift,
slip, dislodge, unseat, disseat(c^ie^2/^.),
misplace, disroot, oismount, dislocate,
disturb^ fault, unship, disorb (rare), dis-
nest, disniche.

Antonyms: see fix, replace.

9. See REPLACE, DISCHARGE.

displacement, n. 1. moving, removal,
translocation (rare), implacement (rare);
spec, dis jointure (rare), start, shift, slip,
dislodgment, unseating, dislocation, dis-
turbance, leap, fault, unshipment. dis-
mounting, heterotopy (tech.), parallax.
Antonyms: see fixation, replacement.
9. See replacement, discharge.
t. conduct, administration, direction.
4. transfer; spec, bestowal, gift, sale.

displease, v. t. disgruntle (comoo.), dissat-
isfy, disaffect, discontent, mislike; spec,
disgust, offend, anger, annoy.
Antonyms: see please.

displeasure, n. dissatisfaction, disaffec-
tion; spec, annoyance, anger, offense, dis-
gust.
Antonyms: see pleasure.

disport, V. i. play, sport, merrymake (chiefly
in p. pr.), snrove (rare); spec, rant, frouc.

dispose, V, t, 1. See arrange, adjxtst, in-
cline.
9. appoint, direct.

disposed, a. inclined, prone, minded, pro-
pense (rare), affectioned (archaic), inclin-
ing, ready, tending; spec, apt, addicted.
"Disposed" ''apt" ''inclined," and "tend-
ing" are also used of physical objects.
Antonyms: see unwilung, opposed,

AVERSE.

disposition, n. 1. See arrangement, ad-

Cross referenus: sec Note.

disorder, r. t.: disarrange, con-
fuse, derange, disorganize, dis-
ease.

disown: disdaim, disinherit.

disparate: unequal, different.

dlQMurlty: inequality, differ-
ence, disproportion.

dispassionate: impartial, un-

impassioned.

dispatch, r. (.: send, kiUt ex-
pedite, accomplish.

dispatoh, V. %.: fuisten.

dispatch, n.: sending, kUling,
expedition, haste, message.

dispensable: unnecessary.

dispensate: distribute, admin^
ister.

dispensation: distribution, dif-
fiuion. {excuse,

Aspense: distribute administert

disperse, v. t.: scatter, diffuse,
distribute, dispd,

dispirit: depress.

display, 1. 1.: unfold, show, dia-
dose. [disclosure,

display, n.: unfolding, showt

See Notes of Explanation.

137

DISPOSSESS

BTATE (0/

JVSTMBNT,
MBNT, COPJOnCT,

affairs, etc.).

%. cooatitutioD, temperameot, UMUper,

buinor, spirit, nature, birtb, imwd, turn,

vein, frame, etomacn {fin.), conditiona

{archaic; pi.), cue, grain.

I. JDclinatiaii, inclmm^, tendency, dia-

poBednesa (rare), affection (rare), prone-

nesB, propensity, aptitude, inclining, bent;

gpec. lancy, notion.

4. Spec, transfer, bestowal, gift, sale.

dIapoBieii, V, i. remove, forjudge (archaic
r law), expropriate {chiefly tpee.); epec.
lisseize; see eject.

dlsprool, n. refutation, confutation, con-
futsment (rare), disprovement (rare), re-
butter, rebuttal, rebutment (rare), redar-
gutioii {chiejly Scot, irr lavj).
Antonyms: see proof.

dlipiopoTtloiL, n. misproportion, dispar-
ity, inoommeusurabiiity, incommensu-
rableness, incomniensurat«ness ; spec,
asymmetry.
Anlonyns: sec pbopoiition.

dlBptoportionSite, n. uiiproportionat«,
disparate, incommensurable, incommeDS-

Antonyjns: see proportionate.

disprove, v. I. refute, confute, rebut, nega-
tive, redargue (chiefly Scot, or law), con-
vict (archaic).
Anftmi/mB; see prove, confibu, verify.

dlspntftUtt, a. controvertible, question-
able, debatable, discussible, disputant;
spec. Utigable.
AiUonj/ma: we UNgiTEaTioNABLB.

dlapntent, n. disputer, contestant (con-
teMaal), contender (cmUextwd), coutro-
veraialiat, controverter, eontrovertist;
spec, debater, jangler, dialogist, dialectic,
pilpulist, polemic,

dl*put«ttou>, a. I. Spec, controversial, cap-
tious, disputative, contradictious, polemic.
X contentious, discordant, disputative,
bickering, strileful, jarring, quarrelaome,
dissentiouB.
Antonyms: see aqreeino, comfiaisant.

diapnte, v. I. contradict, controvert, dif-
fer, disagree; spec, argue, attack, debate,
impugn, discept (rare), challenge, ques-
tion, litigate, deraign (hist.; law).
Antonyms: see cONPmu.

dlapnta, v. t. 1. controversial] le {rare), dif-
fer, disagree; sptw. debate, argue.
a. contend, differ, disagree, altercate;
spec, quarrel, bicker, brabble (archaic),
brawl, jangle, wranple, jar, flit« or Byle
(archaic or dial.), strive, spat (coUoq.). tift.

diapata, n. 1. controversy, confradiction.

disccptation (rare); tpee. debate, argu- i

S. contention, contest, diSerence, dis- 1
a(p«cment, discord; spec, quarrel, jangle, '
dissension, jar, strife, snarl (cofjoo.),
wrangle, squabble, bicker, brawl, brabble ,
(archaic), spat (a^loq.), tiff, bickerment
(ro™), impupiation (rare), impugnment
(rare), polenuc.
■. Spec, issue.

dlaquallfloBtlon, n. disablement, disabil- {
ity; spec, superannuation, minority, sex,
insanity, elc.
Antonyms: see qualification.

dlaquBlltr, V. t. disable; spec. Huperannu- '

infit.

AnUmytna: see quAurr.
dltresmrd, v. t. ignore, neglect, overlook
(rare or spec.), pretermit (rare); spec, dia- I
semble, disobey, slight, defy.

AnUmyms: see observe, attend, CON-

dlBTesBTd, n. ignoration (rare), inatten-
tion, neglect, dissembling, pretention
(rare), pretermission (rare) ,-»poc. oblivion,
disobeoience, slight, defiance, heedless-
ness, unheeding.
Antonyms: see observance, attek-
tion, emphasis, cons mE ration.

dlsrecardful, a. neglectful, inattentive, ,
disregardant; spec, deaf, blind, careless, |
heedless, oblivious, disobedient, slighting,
defiant.
Antonyms: maattentivb.

diarapKlr, n. decay, impairment, unrepfur,
irrepair (rare).
Antonyms: see repair,

dlaraapeotiti, 1. 5i;ei)i8CBBDrr,lNcmLnT,
1. disesteem, misesteem; spec, irrever-
ence, contempt, disdain, etc.; — referring Ut
ilie attitude of mind.
AiUmiyms: see esteem,

diareapeot, i>, (. disesteem; spec, despise,
loathe, abhor, abominate.
Antonyms: see esteem.

dlBTeapaotful, □, irreepectful (rare); spea. \
irreverent, contemptuous, impolite, '
slighting,
Aniimyms: see rehpectfui,,

diaaaot, v. t. 1. To cut up: spec, anatomiie,
vivisect, transect (rare).
t. See ANALTZE, criticize,

dlsiemble, t>. i. pretend, feign, possum .
(colloq.; rare), dissimulate, act (cMefly
spec, or fig.). . j , .

dlaasinbleii n. deceiver, pretender, feign
er, dJBsimulatoT, actor, disguiser (imre);
spec, hypocrite, counterfeiter.

dlaaemblliiB, a. deceitful, dissimulat-
ing; spec, hypocritical, canting, ironioal.

I dlnnpt.

I brfaeK. d

XS* See Motu ot Eaplanatlon.

1

DISTINCTION

Antonyms: see frank.
dittembllns, n. 1. deceit, dissimulation,
dissemblance, pretense, disguising; spec,
hypocrisy, irony.

2. See DIBREOARD.

distension, n. disagreement, discord,
strife, friction; spec, faction, party.
Antonyms: see peace.

dissent, v. i. differ, disagree.

dissent, n. difference, disagreement; spec.
nonconformity, recusancy.

dissenter, n. differer (contextual), dis-
sentient, dissident, oome-outer (colloq.,
U, S.)\ spec, recusant, nonconformist,
Raskolnik, sectary, heretic, infidel.

dissentient, a. aisagreein^ (contextual),
dissenting, dissentious, macquiescent;
spec, recusant, factious, dissident, non-
juring.
AnJUmyms: see agreeing.

dissentious, a. inacquiescent (rare),
recusant (chiefly eccl.); spec, inflamma-
tory, incendiary, strifeful.

dissipate, v. i. 1. See scatter, diffuse.
2. debauch, riot (rare); spec. Corinthian-
ize, rake.

dissipated, a. 1. See scattered, diffuse.
2. corrupt (coniextual), debauched, dis-
solute, rakehell (archaic), fast, aban-
doned; spec. Corinthian, wild, raking,
rakish, unsteady, licentious, crapulent,
crapulous, lecherous, profligate.

dissipater, n. 1. Spec, scatterer, diffuser.
2. c&ssipator (a variant spelling), de-
bauchee; spec, rake, ranter (rare), lecher
(archaic), palHard (archaic), rioter (rare or
archaic), profligate, rakehell (archaic),
rakeshame (archaic), rip (colloq. or dial.),
rou6 (French), rounder (coUoq.), Corin-
thian.

dissipation, n. 1. Spec, scattering, dif-
fusion.

2. corruption (contextual), debauchery,
debauch, debauchment, dissoluteness,
fastness; spec, prodigalism, raking, rakery
(rare), riot (rare), riotousness, crapulence,
crapulency.

t. Referring to an act or occasion: de-
bauch; spec, spree (coUoq.), bout, bum
(sLang), orgy, dfrunk (slang).

dissolve, V. t. 1. See decompose, disin-
tegrate.

2. Referring to happiness, troubles, doubts,
etc.: destroy, annihilate (rare), consume,
diffuse; spec, abrogate, annul, explain,
t. Referring to a legislature, parliament,
etc.: dismiss, end (rare); spec, prorogue.

Antonyms: see convene, convoke.

4. To cause to become a solution: spec, cut,
lixiviate, leach.

dissolve, V. i. U decompose, disintegrate,

resolve (rare).

2. See DISAPPEAR, scatter.
dissuade, v. t. 1. turn, divert.
Antonyms: see induce.

2. See DEHORT.

dissuasion, n. turning, diversion.
distance, n. 1. remoteness, separation,
famess; — referring to state, fact, or degree.
Antonyms: see nearness.

5. space, remove (rare as referring to
space), interval, way (used wUh ^*long,**
"short,'* etc.), interspace, length (spec, or
idiomatic); s;pec. difference, westing, east-
ing, elongation, longitude, drift, pitch,
drop; — referring to interval in space, time,
degree, etc.

8. Referring to a distant place: spec, offing;

see BACKGROUND.

4. aloofness, offishness, stiffness, repel-
lency; spec, reserve, coldness, superiority,
condescension.
Antonyms: see cordialitt.

distant, a. 1. remote, separate, apart
(postpositive), far-away, far-off, away
(postpositive); spec, different, ulterior.
Antonyms: see near, adjacent, imme-
diate.

2. offish, aloof (predicative), repellent,
farouche (French) ^ strange; spec, bashful,
reserved, cold, frigid, unneighborly, su-
perior, condescending.
Antonyms: see cordial.

distend, v. t. dilate, swell; spec, plump,
bloat, fill, inflate.
Antonyms: see constrict, contract.

distill, distil, V. t & i. 1. See drop, ex-
tract.

2. evaporate, concentrate, condense ;«p^.
cohobate (oldchem.).

distillate, n. /See extract.

distillation, n. 1. evaporation, distillment
(rare); spec, cohobation, descent.

2. See DISTILLATE, EXTRACT.

distinct, a, 1. different (corUextual), re-
mote, several, discrete, discriminate, dis-
junct.
Antonyms: see same, alike.
2. See DEFINITE, CLEAR (in meaning), evi-
dent, SEPARATE.

distinction, n. 1. separation, demarca-
tion, differentiation, discretion, discern-
ment, discrimination, distinguishment
(rare), contradistinction.

Cross references: see Note.
dlMemlnate: scatter ^ diffuse.
dissent: disagree.
disMrre: injure.
dissident: dissentient.

ditsimilsr: different.
ditsimulftte: disguise^ diS'

semble.
diMlmulfttion: disguise, di9-

serr^lance.

dissipate: scatter, dispd, dif-

fuse^ vHute.
dissooiate: separate.
distasteful: disgustirig, im-

patatabUt offensive.

1^* See Notes of Ezplanatton.
139

31I8TINCTIVE

I. dlSerencc, remoteness, discreteaesa,

severanw, discriniinatioa.

i. Spec, aeparateaesa, diatinctiveness.

4. repute, ecaJneDce, raiUc, note {c/mfiy
vged with "of'i, inarlc {chiefly used viWi
"of"), eclat {French), BUpctiority, eximi-
ousness (rare), notability; spec, fame
(rare), signality. greatness.

dlatinctive, o. aisUnguishmg, differeatia-
tive^ diacriimnative ; gpec. diagnosticj dia-
critic or diacritical.

dlBtliiBalib, V. t. 1. To mark aa different:
differentiate, separate, difference, demar-
cate, mark (often vaed with "off"), differ
{rare); spec, accentuate.
Antonyms: set coNruBE.

5. To perceive or treat as distinct: separate,
demarcate, differentiate, difference, dis-
criminate, discern, tell, secern (rare), sin-
gle, differ (rare), decern (rare), sever, sev-
eralize (rare); spec, clasaify, discover, con-
tradistinguish.

Antonyms: see coNFtjSB.
>. signalize, signal (rare!), mark, aingu-

dlatineulihed, a. superior, eminent, con-
spicuous, not«d, marked, extmious (rare),*
spec, shining, famous, extraordinary,
laureate,
Afitonyms: see obbcurb.

dlitort. It. t. 1. deform; spec, screw, wring,
wrench, torment (rare), twist, contort,
writhe, wrest, warp, deface, knot, gnarl.
«. See pervert; — referring to meaning.

dlatortcd. a. deformed, Gordian (fig.),
knotted, gnarled, contorted, etc.

distortion, n. 1. deformation; spec, twist,
contortion, screw, warp, defacement, con-
tortnoaity (nones word), knot, buclde.
a. See pbrversion; — referring to tnean-

dlstress, n. discomfort (coTiiextual) , dolor
(poetic), unease (archaic), misease (ar-
cAaic); spec, trouble, calamity, torment,

Eress, affliction, pain, tribulation, core,
urt, misery, gnawing, trial, hardship,
harassment, confusion, privation, ti<«d,
want, pressure, grief, sorrow, exigei
anxiety, etc.; hell, slang or very strong.
Antonyms: see coufort.

dl*tcasB, V. t. discomfort, trouble; spec.
press, harrow, straiten, harry, worry,
ixither, rack, tiarasa, gnpe (rare), lacer-
ate, tear, hurt, torment, pain, grieve, sad-
den, pinch, jar (tiow viually considered
slang or inelegant).
Antonyms: see comfort, relieve,

dlitreialnf, a. distressful, uneasy; spec,
tormentful (rare), dolorific (literary),

corking (archaic), heavy, calamitous,
grievous, bitter, harrowing, severe, sorry,
gnawing, pinching, miserable, trouble-
some, sad, painful, griping, heartrending.
Antonyms: see coufortino, coufort-

dtstrtbota, V. I. 1, dispense, dispensate,

divide, part (archaic), dispart (rare), dis-
perse; apec. prorate (c/iie^y [/. S.), spread,
partition, scatter, parcel, morsel (rare),
dole, send, apportion, share, mete, allot,
diffuse, circulate; see spread.

Antonyms: see colijict,
a. See txAssiFT, ADMINISTER (oi jusfice).

dlstribatton, n. 1. dispensation, diviaion,
partition; spec. dispersiDn, prorating
(chiefly U.S.), scattering, porcetinK, par-
cehnent, dole^ apportionment, sharing,
allotment, diffusion; spe^. spreading.
Atttonyms: see collection.
1. Spec, classification, administration (as
ofjiiMice), spreading.

diatriot, n. place, region, quarter (chief-
ly spec): spec, division, subdivision, eeo-
tion, riding, regency, wardenry, ward,
neighborhood, province, presidency, pre-
cinct, prefecture, department, canton
(rare, eic. of Suril^erland), lathe (K&U,
Eng.).

dlstruit, D. t. doubt, mistrust, misdoubt,
suspect; spec, jealouse (oia., iScol., or

distrust, n. doubt, mistrust, suspicion,
misdoubt, misgiving; spec, jealousy,
heartburn.
Antonyms: see trust, assueancb, i

LIANCE.

dlBtruatfnl, a. doubtful, mistrustful, dif-
fident (ardiaic), strange, dubious, stia-
picious; spec, shy, jealous.
Anlonymg: see assured, reliant, DN-

I

dlBtnib, K. (. I. Referring to the mind:
trouble, agitate; spec, annoy, distract,
fuss (ealloq.), muss (cMoq.; with "up"),
distress, vex, worry, disconcert, disciDni-

Anionyn^: see caim, pacitt,
t. Referring to things: see aoitath.
t. Spec, move, disarrange, derange, dis'
order, confuse, unsettle, shake, molest,
interrupt, remove, convulse.
dlat(irban<i«, n. 1. Beferring to the mind:
agitation, inquietude (rare),' spec, tur-
moil annoyance, vexation, distress, dis-
traction, worry, disconcertion, discom-
posure, distemperature, muss, perturb»-

Antonyms: see calm.
9. Referring to things: si

dlatTAOtt diprrl, deranfft. a

LTV. e4nifution.fretuv, I

le NotH of Kipl ■nation.

DIVIDE

t. Spec, moving, removal, disarrange-
ment, derangement, disorder, confusion,
unsettlement, molestation, interference,
convulsion.

4. Referring to disturbance among people:
disorder, d&quiet^ distemperature {rare),
breeze (coUoq.), mquietation {rare), in-
quietude {rare), curfuffle {Scot.); spec.
commotion, tumult, sedition, insurrec-
tion, kick-up {coUoq.), row {coUoq.), to-do
(coUoq.), dust {slang or coUoq.), shindy
(dang), esclandre {French), scene, pother
(coUoq. or archaic), fracas, uproar, muss
(coUoq., U. S.), convulsion, bother, fuss
(coUoq.), botheration {coUoq.), bobery
(dang), bluster, conflict, fight, hoity-
toity {rare), rumpus {coUoq.), grithbreach
{hist.), row-de-do w {rare), ^meute
(FrcTicA), outbreak, ruption {rare), rout,
riot, ruffle {rare), dispute, ruction {coir
loq.), bustle, clutter, stir, anarchy, brawl,
hubbub, combustion {now literary and
rare), scrimmage, turn-up {coUoq.; rare).

disturbing, a. disquieting, disturbant
{rare); spec, agitative, troublous, uncom-
fortable, perturbative {rare), perturba-
tory {rare), etc.
Antonyms: see calmative.

disunion, n. 1. division, separation^ sever-
ance, disjoining, disseverance, dissocia-
tion, disjoin ture, disjunction; spec, dis-
connection, detachment.
Antonyms: see union.
2. separation; spec, schism.

t. See DISAGREEMENT.

disunite, v. t. & i. 1. separate, disjoint;
spec, dissever, rend, dissociate, disconnect,
aetach, disjoint.
Antonyms: see unite.
2. aUenate, estrange, divide.

disuse, V. t. abandon, obsolete {rare), dis-
card; spec, discontinue, neglect, disaccus-
tom {archaic).
Antonyms: see use, exercise.

disuse, n. 1. abandonment, nonuse, non-
employment, disusage, discarding; spec.
discontinuance, neglect, nonobservance.
Antonyms: see use.

2. desuetude {formal or literary), disu-
sage, nonuse, inusitation {rare); spec, neg-
lect, nonobservance.

ditoh, V. t. trench, channel, dike {now rare);
spec, moat, drain, vallate {rare).

ditoh, n. fosse {tech. or literary), trench;
spec, canal, graff {hist), grip {dial, or hurtl-
ing), drain, coupure, moat.

dive, V. i. 1. plunge; spec, sound.

2. See DISAPPEAR.

dive, n. 1. plunge; spec, header {coUoq.).
2. See RESORT.

diverge, v. i. Spec, radiate, branch, divari-
cate, fork.

diversent, a. Spec, radiant, radial, radia-
tive {rare), branching, forking, divaricat-
ing.
Antonyms: see parallel, confluent.

diversified, a. 1. diverse, mam'fold, multi-
fold, varied, mixed, multi various {rare),
variate {rare), multifarious, heterogene-
ous, diversiform, variform {formal or
learned), various.
Antonyms: see uniform,

2. See VARIEGATED.

diversify, v. t. !• variate, vary, varify
{rare).

2. See VARIEGATE.

diversion, n. 1. turning; spec, deviation,
derivation, dissuasion.
2. amusement, pastime, dispart {ar-
chaic), entertainment, beguilement, play,
recreation, derivation {archaic or tech.),
sport, relaxation; spec, trifling, fun, sol-
acement or solace.
Antonyms: see business, work.
t. Referring to that which amuses; used
with the article **a" and having a plural:
amusement, recreation, play, ^ame, en-
tertainment, sport, . divertissement
{French), solacement or solace, derivation
{arc?iaic), distraction {rare); spec, entre-
mets {French), avocation {rare),

diversity, n. 1. See difference.
2. varietv, manifoldness, multifarious-
ness, multiformity, variation; spec, hete-
rogeneity, heteromorphism {chiefly
tech.), multiformity.
Aniimyms: see uniformity.

divert, V. t. 1. turn, disorientate {fig, or
spec.), deviate.

2. turn {from a purpose, etc.), draw; spec.
dissuade.

t. distract {contextual), amuse, derive {or-
chaic), solace, entertain, recreate, be-
guile, disport; s^pec. tickle.
Antonyms: see work, tire, weart.

diverting, a. amusing, entertaining, recre-
ative, divert! ve, etc.

divide, V. t, 1. sever {spec, or fig.), disunite,
separate, carve {spec, or fig.), cleave {sj>ec.
or fig.), cut {spec, or fig); spec, scind
{rare), section, sectionize {rare), part^ par-
cel, bisect, dispart, dissever, subdivide,
dismember, junk {rare), split, rend, seg-
ment, halve, quarter, third, disconnect,
disjoint, class.
Antonyms: see join, unite.
2. To mark or partition off {a continwms
thing) into parts, or to consider as so
marked off or partitioned: separate, demar-
cate {rare), partition {spec, or fig.); spec.

XW Cross references: see Note. | diurnal: daUy.

I dlnurloate: brandi.

i:^* See Notes of EzpUn»tlon.
141

I

I

dlrl<l«. V. i. 1. Beparate, port, sever, cleave
(spec, or fig.), cut (spec, or fig.); spec, bi-
Hect, dispart, subdivide, dismember, split,
halve, quarter.
Antonyms: see unite.

9. See BRANCH, BHABE.

dlrtda, n. watershed, water parting, shed;
spec, coteau (Canada and 11. S.).

dlTldad, a. parted; spee. biparted {rare),
bipartite, aigitat«, lobulate, lobuJated,
lobuloae, lobat«, multipartite, dimilcate.
Antonyms: aee united.

dlrtnatlon, n. 1. prediction, divining,
soothsaying, auspice (chiefiy spec), hario-
lation (rare), riddling (rare), augury;
spec, spatulamancy, rhabdomancy, theo-
mancy, haruspicy or haruspication, or-
nithomanny, mantolonj; (rore), inantic
(xare), hieromancy, hieroacopy, gyro-
mancy, hydromancy. graptomancy. geo-
mancy, bibUomancy, lithamancy, hariola'
tioD (rare), spodomancy, halomancy,
dowsing.

dlrioe, a. 1. auperhumaa, godlike, dcific,
deiform. godly, spiritual, heavenly, celes-
tial, ambrosial (spec, or fig.).
Anlonj/ma: see eaktulv, htiman.
1. See RGLioions.
S. fiae, superior, excellent, ambrosial (jfff.).

diviner, n. 1. predictor, Chaldean (fig.),
augur, soothsayer; spec, geomancer, dow-

dlvlilble, a. separable, partible, severable,
dividual (rare), dividvious (rare), eU.;
spec, commensurable.
Antonymn: tee inseparable.

division, n. 1, Act of diKidtnff or stale or
fad of being divided: severance, parting,
separation, cutting (spec, or Jig.), dispart-
ing; spec, disunitm^, section, splitting,
split, Bcissure, parti tionment, parcelment,
(UHseverance (rare), subdivision, rending,
partition, partage (rare), Bchism, segmen-
tation, lobation, fracture, breakini;, de-
duplication, dismemberment, dearticula-
tjon, diaoonnection, diuresis, digitation,
bisection, bipartitlon, triacction.

AnUmj/ma: Me joining, union.
i. A part formed by (physical) du-uion:

Rart; «p«c, subdivision, section, parcel,
'agment, cut, lobe, lobule, cloot (Scot,
and dial. Eng.), etc.

I, A marking off or treating as marked off;
separation, aemarcatioD; spec, partition-
mcDt, graduation, parcelment, district-
ing.

t. A part marked off or taken as being
separated: part, section ; spec, subdivision,
segment, member, movement, column,
pasBUS, canto, verse, decade, chapter,
book, compartment, cell, court, category,
kind, sort, branch, department, canton,
ordinary, lot, parcel, faction, party, sect,
district, block, etc.

t. Mil. aTut naval: spec, battery^ company,
brigade, battalion, organ! teation, army,
classis, cohort, decury, maniple, t«rcio,
t^-tia, class, squadron, fleet, command,
troop, squaa.

•- Of territory: spec, province, territory,
state, government, presidency, consulabe,
dominion, county, department, ward, dis-
trict, circar (India), canton, cantonment,
commune, commot, resiaency. mahal
(India), eparchy, eysJet (Turkim), vilayet
(Turkisit).

7. See CLASSIFICATION, CLASS, COMPUTA-
TION, D18TBIHUTI0N, DISUNION, DlBAattBK-

I

B. Thing (hat dtwrfes; partition; spec, line,
wall, fence, etc.

dlvoToe, n. divorcement; spec, repudiation,
separation, di&arreation.

Anlonyms: see harriaoe.
dlTOTOe, V. t. unmairy (rare); spec, tepudt-
at«, separate.

Antonyms: see marrt.
dliilneiB, n. giddiness, vertigo (teeh.),

dliiy, a. I. giddy, giddyish (rare), vertigi-
nous, vertiginate (rare),
f. dizzying, giddy.

diiiy, V. i. BWim.

do, V. t. Every kind of action may he mewed '
as a particidta- form of doing, and the
senses which the verb "do" may represerU
are as numerous as the forms of actitrily
represented by the words whi/A the oerb may
govern. It is impossible, therefore, to owe
a compute list of the carvnia verbs which
may be replaced by "do," The matt tm-
■portant ones, however, are here listed. Spec. '
inflict, administer, render, perform,
achieve, commit, practice, cook, cele- '
brate, cause, compose, transact, conduct,
conjure, contrive, deceive, settle, con-
clude, depict, give, miado, miaexecute.

dlTUIC*: ditetoK. laOlt.

DOMESTIC

make, manage, prepare, pickle, proceed,
render, show, give, serve, solve, use, exert,
produce, translate, review, dig, act, ruin,
swindle, visit, finish, slur, slight, spoil, etc.
See the above words in the tvcaoulary (upper
or lower).

do» V. i. 1. See act, fare.
9. answer, suffice.

dook, V, t. 1. cut, clip, curtail {rare), bob-
tail (a horse), truncate.

9. See DEPRIVE, SHORTEN, A6RIDQE.

dooked, a. curtail (rare), curtailed (rare),
bobtail; spec, cock-tailed.

dootor» n. physician, medical (coUoq.),
doser (contemptvmis), leech (archaic),
healer (often spec.), curer;«pec. homoeo-
path, homoeopathist, allopath, allopath-
ist, osteopath, hydropath, hydropathist,
surgeon, dentist, chiropodist, alienist,
ocuust, aurist, veterinarian, doctress
(now rare).

dootor» V. t. 1. treat, leech (archaic); spec.
quack.

3. See ADULTERATE, FALSIFY, FAKE.

doctor, V. i. leech (archaic), practice.

dootrlne, n. tenet, dogma, dogmatism
(chiefly derogatory); spec, creed, theory,
opimon, teaching.

dooument, n. Spec, writing, handwriting
(archaic), instrument, monument (rare or
spec.), muniment (law), diploma (histor-
ical or spec.), record, charter, charta,
parchment, paper, patent, manuscript,
Round Robin^ brevet, certificate, pass-
port, commission, power, pleading, etc.

dooument, v. t. evidence, prove.

dodce, V. i. 1. jink (chiefly Scot.); spec.
duck, flinch, jump, jerk.
3. evade, shuffle, palter, shift; spec, hedge,
trim, prevaricate, quibble.

dodce» n. 1. Spec, duck, jump, jerk,
twitch.

3. evasion, deceit, artifice,
t. device, expedient.

doer^n. facient (rare); spec, performer, act-
or, author, committer, perpetrator, mak-
er, etc. Cff. DO.

doll, V. t. To lay or put off: cast, douse (col-
log.); see remove. **Doff'* is literary and
has a flavor of archaism.
Antonyms: «eeDON.

doc* n. 1. canine (chiefly tech.), cur (con-
temptuous or derogatory), whelp (chiefly
contemptvmis); spec, pup, puppy, toy,
tike, terrier trunaletail, turnspit, spaniel,
springer, setter, dachshund (Ger.), sTkirter,
shock, rache or ratch (archaic), reporter

(U. S.), pug, pye-dog or pie-dog (Anglo-^
Indian), pariah dog, pointer, poodle,
mastiff, lurcher, hound (spec., exc. archaic
or poetic), harrier, hunter, gazehound,

griffon, ^ara, finder, deerhound, stas-
ound, dmgo. dhole (India), courser, cm-
lie, colly, bulldoe, beagle. Saint Bernard,
basset, brindle, Duckhound, bandog, tie-
dog (obs. or rare), bitch, brach, brachet,
slut, lady (euphemistic); — all those from
"bitch** on being feminine. "Dog** is often
used specifically of a male dog.

3. See FELLOW, CLAMP.

doc days, canicular days (learned), cani-
cule (rare).

docma, n. doctrine, tenet.

docmatio, a. 1. See didactic, doctrinal.
3. positive, categorical, pragmatic, prag-
matical, magisterial (bookish or learned,
thelical (rare); spec, opinionated, per-
emptory, dictatorial.
Antonyms: see doubtful, hesitating.

doinc* a. In the sense of "going on**: up,
on; — in predicative use.

doinc* n. 1. feasance (tech.), facture (book-
ish), transaction; spec, conduct; see crea-
tion, MAKING.

3. See ACTION, coBfMissioN, accomplish-
ment, PERFORMANCE.

doincs* n. pi. gear (sing.; archaic or dial.),
ongoings (pi.); see action.

doll, a. plaything (contextiud), toy (con-
textual) , dolly; spec, puppet (archaic),
baby, betty (girl doU), Denedict (boy doll).

dollar, n. sinker (slang, U. S.), simoleon
(slang), plunk (slang. U. S.), wheel
(slang); spec, rixdollar (hist.), duro (Span"
ish), peso (Mexican), cob (obs.).

domain, n. 1. See estate, lordship,

BOUND, CONTROL, SPHERE.

3. realm, reign (rare), dominion, bourn or
bourne (rare or poetic), territory, posses-
sion; spec, kingdom, province, empire,
empery (poetic or rhetorical), obedience,
sultanate, khanate, daimiate, lordship,
signory, aukedom, county, palatinate.

dome, n. vault; spec, cupola, tholus, can-
opy, beehive.

domestic, a. 1. home, homely (rare),
household, domal (rare), familiar, family;
spec, menial (servant; now contemptuous).

3. domesticated; — fond of domestic life.

t. internal, interior, intestine, inland, na-
tive, home; spec, home-bred.
Antonyms: see foreign.

4. See TAME.

domestic, n. servant, familiar (rare); spec.

1^" Cross references: see Note.
docile: teachable, manageable.
doKgercl, n.; verse.^-dogg^rtl,
a.: trivial. [eion.

doldraxnB: dullnees, depree-

dole, n.; thare, distribution^ gift,

alms.
dole, V. L: distribtUe, apportion,

give.
dole, n. : depression, sorrow , grief.

doleful: depressed, lamentable,
sorrowful, depressing, gloomy.

dolor: depression, sorrow, ait'
tress.

dome, V. t.: vault, cover.

IS' See Notes of Explanation.

143

DOMESTICATE

maid. i;irl (coUoq,), cook, chambermaid,
man, bo;^ (colonial British), familiar, but-
ler, ecullion (archaic).

dotii«atto*te, n. I. domeaticixe; «pec. civil-
iie, naturalize; see tame.

damlaaer, v, i. tyranDiie, lord.
Anlonvne: see fiWN.

domlneeriite, a. tyrannical, masterFul,
tyrannic (rare); spec, authoritative, bossy
(coliog.), bullyinf;, high-handed.
ArUonymaj see OBSBQinona, SERViLt;.

domlneeTliiE. n, tyranny.

don, V. I. assume (spec, or affected}.
Antonyms: see dofp.

dona, a. Spec, performed, executed, fin-
ished, etc. Cf. DO, II. [.

donker, n. 1. asa, jack (male), jackass
(male), onager {wad), jenny (female),
burro (Sojiihuxelem U. S.j, cuddy (ekiefiy
Scot.), dicky or dickey (propertj/ he-ass;
slang or eolloq.), moke dfUmo), neddy.
"Ats" is the common word when used of the
wOd forms.

B. See BLOCKHEAD.

door, n. I. barrier; spec, trap, trapdoor,
hatch, heck (chiefiy Sent.).

dooTkvaper, n. porter, portresa (fern.),
janitor, ianitresa (Jem.), janitrix IJem.},
doorwara (orc/iotc), ostiary [chiefiy ecd.),
tiler (Freemasonry), usher (arckaie or
spec), concierge (in France, etc.).

doorpost, R. dum (now dial.).

doorwfti'T 1. passage (eontextuoT) , door,
portal {a dignified term); spec, postern,
entrance, exit, batchway, dums (pi.; now
dial.).

doie, n. portion : spec, potion, powder, pill.

dot, n. spot (context-ual), speck; spec.
point, tittle (rare), peck, speckle, pnok,
pinprick.

dot, c. I. t. spot (contextual), speck; spec.
point, speckle, punctuate, spnnkle, stip-
ple, island.

I. See DIPFOBB, eCATTEB.

dotted, o. spotted; spec, punctate, punc-
tated, consperse irare), sprinkled, irro-
rate, speckled, bi punctate.

dottlDB, n. spottmg; spec, punctuation,
punctulation.

dot-ahaped, a. punctiform.

double, a. I. twofold, duplicate, duple
(roTeoTTnalh.), duplex ((ccA.w rare), dual;
spec, dualiatic, geminous (rare), geminate,

Cred. binary, binate, binal (rare), bi-
ax, biformed, bifront.

;, FOLDED,

cate. geminate (ra

T. See FOLD. D&FEAT, AVOID, COUPLX.

doubled, a, duplicated, reduplicate, coa-

duplicate (rare or (ecA.).
double- enteodie, n. equivocation; spec.

pun, dittology. " DottMe - entowire u

doubllns, n. duplicature (ekUfiy ma(A.),
gemination (rare), dupUcation, condupti-
cation {lUerary), duplation (rare),
doubly, ode. twice, twofold. '

doubt, n. 1. uncertainty, question, dubi-
cty (lUerary), dubiousness, doubttulnesa,
incertitude, undecidedness; spec, mis-
doubt, skepticism, incredulity, suspicion,
disbelief, distrust, perplexity, hesitation,
indecision, susp^se; — referring to th4
elate of mind.
Antonyms: see assdranoe, tkdbt, BB-

t. See twcEnTAiNTT; — referring to fads,
euenis, etc.

doubt, V. i. question, dubitate (liierary or
affected); spec, misdoubt, hesitate. '

Antonyms: see believe, trdst.

doubt, V, t. question, nuery (rare), dubi-
tate (literary or affected), misdoubt; spec \
sus[>ect, distrust, disbelieve.
Antonyms: see bei.ibvb, trcst,

doubtful, a. I. undecided, questioning .
doubting, undetermined, dubious, dubi-
tant (rare); spec. skeptical, hesitant, per-
plexed, distrustful, incredulous; see bb<
libving;— re/errinfl (o the slate of mind.
Antonyms: see assured, decided, DOO-

'.fening to fads,

ewemls, elc.
dovecot, dovecote, n. birdhouse (coTttexIr-

uoJ). columbarium, dovehouse, columba^.
dovetail, v. f. 1. mortise (contextual), tail,

cog, cock.

t. See JOIN.
dowei, R. 1. portion (of a widow), thirds (a

loose usage), dowry (rare), share (eon>-

leitual).

I. See DOWRY, KNDOWTilENT, I

dower, i'. t. dot (rare), tocher (Scot.), por-
tion, endow;— re/crrinfl to besloumienl on

down. adv. downward, downwards,
Hroundward, earthward, netherwards
(rare), downwardly; spec, downataire, be-
low (on shipboard), hellward, floorward.
Antonyms: see UPWARD, HEAVENWARD,

DRAW

down, a. downward, descending; spec.
sloping, downmost.

down, n. 1. See plumage.
9. pubescence, lanugo (tech.), wool, fluff.

downcast, a. 1. See depressed.
9. lowered (eyes, glance), dejected (eyes;
rcare).
Antonyms: see upturned.

downs, n. pi. upland, wold (Eng.), feU
(Eng.)j moor.

downy, a. 1. feathery (contextual), pubes-
cent, fluffy, lanuginous (tech.), lanugi-
nose (tech.); spec, silky, sericeous (tech.),
thrummy (rare), cottony, pappose (rare),
flossy.
9. See SOFT.

dowry, n. 1. Referring to that of a bride:
dower, dote (rare), dot, tocher (Scot),
share (contextual).
9. See DOWER (of a widow), endowbient.

dowser, n. diviner (corUextual), hydro-
scopist, rhabdomancer (rare), rhabdo-
mantist.

drab, a. & n. dun, brownish, yellow, yel-
lowish 'gray.

drabble, v, i. & t. dra^e.

draoonian, a. draconic, dracontine (rare),
harsh, cruel.

draconic, a. dragonlike, dracontine, dra-
contian, dragon.

draft, n. dregs; spec, swill.

draft, n. 1. See drawing, load, drink-
ing, DRINK, INHALATION, CURRENT, OUT-
LINE, DEDUCTION.

9. demand; spec, order, check or (chiefly
British) cheque, bill (of exchange).
S. depth (enough to float a vessel).

4. Mil.: conscription.

5. In forms *' drafts'* construed as sing.:
checkers (U. S.).

draft, V. t. 1. See outline.

9. MU.: spec, impress, press, conscribe

(rare), conscript, commandeer (South

Africa).
drafted, a. Spec, conscript, impressed,

pressed.
dracclo* v. t. & i. 1. drabble, trail, betrail

(intensive) f bedraggle (intensive),

9. See straggle.
dracnet, n. dredge, drag, trammel.
dracon, n. monster (contextual), drake (ar-
chaic); spec, serpent, saurian, dragonet.
drain, v. t. 1. empty (contextual); s'pec.

emulee (rare), tap, milk (fig.), dike,

trench, sluice, sewer, ditch.
ArUonyms: see fill.

9. See EXHAUST, deprive, drink.

t. drip, percolate.

drain, n. 1. ^S^ee drainage.
9. channel (contextual); spec, ditch, cul-
vert, leader, fox, sewer, cesspool.

drainace, n. 1. drain, draining; spec.
sewerage.

9. Spec, sewage, seepage; — referring to
matter drained off,

dram, n. drink (contextual); spec, thimble-
ful, sip.

drama, n. 1. composition, play, piece; spec,
comedy, comedietta, tragedy, farce, bur-
lesque, travesty, sketch, interlude, mono-
drama, monologue, melodrama, melo-
tragedy, pastoral, masque, operetta,
opera, pantomime, tragicomedy, trilogy,
proverb, mystery, miracle play or (rare)
miracle.

9. dramaturge (literary), dramatics,
t. the stage, the theater.

dramatic, a, theatrical, theatric (rare),
dramaturge (literary), Thespian (liter'-
ary), scemc, scenical; spec, melodramatic,
melodramatical, tragic, farcical, Atellan,
comic, burlesque.

dramatist, n. playwright, dramaturge
(rare); dramaturgist; spec, tragedian.

dramatize, v. t. Spec, melodramatize,
operatize (rare), burlesque, farcify (rare),

drape, v. t. 1. cover (contextual); spec.
hang, tapestry, pall.

9. See ARRANGE, HANG.

drape, n. 1. See cover, drapert.
9. adjustment, hang, cast. "Drape" is
colloquial.

drapery, n. furniture, hangings (p2.); spec.
tapestry.

draw, V. t. & i. 1. drag, haul (chiefly nauH-
cat), pull, tug, hale (now superseded in
ordinary usage by **haul'*); spec, tow, lug,
attract, trail, snake (coUoq. or slang, (l,
S.), train (rare), entrain (rare), tear, rush,
trawl, bunt, bouse or bowse, orail, drag-
gle, hook, unsheathe, ti^ten, poker, strict
{archaic).
Antonyms: see push, thrust, drivb.

9. See ATTRACT, inhale, utter. EXTRACT,
ROUSE, CHOOSE, ELICIT, DERIVE, INFER,
REMOVE, DIVERT, BRING, EMPTT, SEARCH,
STRETCH, ATTENUATE, EXTEND, DISEM-
BOWEL, INDUCE, GET, EXTORT, DELINEATE,
DEPICT, DESCRIBE, CONSTRUCT.

t. Of water, liquor, etc.: skink (to draw
liquor; archaic); spec, tap, broach, bucket,
rack, siphon, exhaust (air from a vessel),

4. unshot (a gun, etc.; rare).

5. trace (a line), run; spec, protract, re-
trace.

6. write, compose, formulate, draft.

tW Cross references: aec Note.
downcast: throw.
downoome: descent, fall.
downright: vertical, abedtUe,

evident, frank, definite.
downward: down.
drabble: draogle.
drag, V. t.: draw, attrad, dredge.

search, drawl, introdiAce.
drag, 9. t.: draw, dday, eon-

tirnte, drawl.
drag, n.: coach, brake.

t3ff' See NotM of Explanation.
145

drkwlnc, n, dragging, draft, traction, pull-
ing, e(c.

dr>wlDikitU«. drawknife; tpcc. draw-
shave, shave, jigger.

drawing -loom, n. Balon {French), saloon
(i/. S.).

diKWl, u, (. tt i. drag; — rejemng to speech.

diaam, n. 1. vision; apee. nightmare, day-

Anlonyms;

». See DATE

dream, a. somnial (rare), soniuiativc

(rare).
dreamland, n. Spec, claudland, fairyland,

dieamllke, a, unreal; tpec. illusive,
dreamy.

diedte, II. t. drag,

dreBE7i "■ impure, feculent, dreggiah;
spec, turbid, foul, polluted.
ATUonyma: see clear.

drcKii n. pi. refuse icontexlwil); spec, sedi-
ment, lees (pi.), grounds (pi.), ttecea (pi.),
ffficula or fecula, outcas' ' '~

„ (pl), - ..

Bordor (rare), foots (pi.), bottoms (pi.),
tilts (pi.), taplasb (obn. or dial.).

ix«aeb, n. I. dose, potion; — referring to
physic given to an animaL
S. wetting (contextual); spec, souse,
douche, sottkina.

drench, v. I. 1. dose (eoniexttial), physic; —
referring to an animiii.
S. wet (contextaal); spec, douche {chiefly
tech.), douse, souse, soak, bucket.
Anionyms: see drt.

dres*, II. I. I. arrange (conteitital) ; tpec.
line (used with "up"), preen.
9. prepare (i»nfex(ua2),'4pfc. clean, rough-
dr^, scappic or scabble, finish, tan, pick,
drove, baste, machine, burl, scutch,
hackle, shamoy, batchel, barber, side,
curry, bard, liquor, comb, manicure, jig,
draft.
S. equip, fuTDtsb; spec, dub, deck, orna-

4. iSee CLOTHE, HEPROVE, SCOLD.

dreia, v. i. 1. aLgn (mil,).
1. prepare (eonteilual); spec., vest {chiefly
ecd.), clothe, busk (arcAoic or Scot,).
Antonyms: see dnobbbs, strip.

dree*, n. 1. See clothing, cohtcme.
t. Of a woman's or girl's outer clothing:
pown (chie^y spec): spec, frock, suit, hab-
it, bloomer, jam (rare).
t. Of the mode in which one is dressed, or
the dress and equipment as a whole: attire,
tire {archaic; rare), toilet, array {literary

or foT^nal), trim, garD {chiefly literary),
gear (chiefly archaic), vesture (titerary),
make-up, bcdizenmcnt, dizenment (rare),
bravery, trappings, disguise or disguise-
ment, cloth, motley, dishabille.

dieii, a, babilimentai (rare), habilimentary
(rare), habilatory (rare), vestiary (rare).

dTeialnc gowa. peignoir (French), robede
chambre (French).

dieiilac Kootn. tiring-room.

tlreaimaker, n. modiste (French).

dreggy, a, 1, fond of dress;— no single-word
synonym.
t. showy, ornamental, elaborate.

dried, a. desiccated (lech, or cant), baked,
baken (orc'ioic).

drift, n. 1. See propcxbion, cookse,

t, movement (contexhiol), driftage.

t. deviation (distance away due to drift),

driftway ; spec, leeway.

4. In geology: deposit, diluvium; spec,
till, detritus.

6. In mining, etc.: excavation, pat
drive; spec, pillory, tunnel, level. .

drink, V. t. I. consume (conleztuai) , imbibe
(rare or spec.), discuss (humorous), de-
molisik {slang), quaff (chiefly literary);
spec, dispatch, bibble, swizzle (coUoq.)^
sip, aipplc, lap, drain, swill (indgar or
denoting vulgar excess), swig (eoUog. or
slang), guzzle, suck (mJgar or spec.), tope
{eoUiiq.), crush (literary), tipple, buiK
{dang or cant), crack.
«. To cause to drink: drench (rare), lush
(iflano).

5. stuutc, toast, wassail {archaic). "Drink
to" is the usual term, "ibink" aUme being
rare or colloq. in this sense.

drink, n.i. imbibe, quaff {literary); spec.
sip, sipple, lap, guzzle {colloq. or dang),
bib (archaic), bibulat^ (pedantic), bibble,
soak (colloq.), refresh, hobnob, swill (vul-
gar or implying vulgar excess), swissle
(colloq.), pull (used mith "at," "on," etc.;
colloq.), tea, fuddle, boose or (slang)
booze, bouse {rare), tipple, carouse, lush
(slang), nobble (rare), mp sot, liquor
(slang), grog, dram, bum (slang, U. S.),
pot (orcAoicj.

drink, n. 1. Liquid to be drunk; — disHn'
guished from meat (solid food). There are
no amonyms in this sense.

1. See BEVERAGE, LIQUOR.

■. The ad: drinking, draft, quaff (literary
or humorous); spec, pull {eoUoq), suck
(coUoq.), sip, swig {colloq.), lap.

drIbUe: ilrip. AAbrt.

I dnd|*; tprinkit. I

I?* 9ee HotM at EipUnatton.

DROOPINO

4. A portion to drink: draft or drau^t,
potation {literary or humorous), potion
(chiefly mid. or spec.); spec, dram, nip,
toothful (coUoq.), suck (coUoq.), split, pot
(archaic or obs.), grace, cup, libation
(humorous), peg {Anglo-Indian; slang) ^
nightcap, sip, tickler {coUoq.), tiff (o&s.
or chiefly dial.), caulker {sUmg), drop,
bumper, rouse {archaic), chasse {French),
brimmer {coUoq.), bracer {colloq.).

drinkable, a. potable, potatory {rare).

drinker, n. imbiber {formal or affected),
quaffer {literary); spec, drunkard, soaker
(coUoq.), lapper, tippler, bibber, sipper,
bouser, boozer, toper, guzzler, tosspot {ar-
chaic), hobnobber, compotator, wnetter.

drlnklnc* a. potatory {rare); spec, ebrious
{rare arid affected), bibulous, groggy.
Antonyms: see abstemious.

drlnklnct n. consiunption, draft, potation
{teamed or rhetorical), sorbition {rare),
imbibition {rare or affected), bibation
{rare), bibition {rare), oibulation {rare);
spec, tippling, compotation, drink, pot
Cfig.), cups {pi.; fi^.), cupping, rummer.

drip, V. t. & i. 1. drop, weep {fig.); spec.
dribble, trickle.
%• Tobe wet: drop.

drip, n. 1. drippmg, drop; spec, dribble,
trickle.

9. In architecture: larmier, corona; spec.
label, dripstone.

t. drippings {pi.), droppings (pL); — that
which drips.

drive, V. t. 1. move {contextual), propel, im-
pel, force, push, thrust, ram; spec, throw,
actuate, turn, revolve, drift, puff, tide,
run, hammer, dint, ding {archaic or dial.),
press, strike, blow, expel, shoot, beat,
roll, slide, etc.; — in this sense implying
that the resulting motion of the driven body
is, as a whole, the direct result of applied
force.
Antonyms: see draw.
9. Of any force, impulse, or actuating
cause, producing action by stimulating or
bringing into activity some other force: spec.
compel, impel, incite, chase, run, herd,
huddle, hustle, smoke, ferret {u^ed with
*'out"), shame, rush, pelt, dog, hound,
hunt, kick, hurry, hoot, hunger {rare),
beat, constrain, urge, frighten, worry, dis-
pel, dissipate, reverberate (rare), reper-
cuse, retund {rare), culbut, etc.
Antonyms: see restrain.

5. direct, tool {chiefly spec; cant); spec.
spank, call {Scot.), trot, back, hoy, gallop,
canter, amble, bucket {coUoq. or cant),

walk, run, etc. In this sense the word
^^ drive'* suggests a greater or less degree of
participation in the management of direc-
tion; the word **ride'* emphasizes the idea of
being carried in a vehicle or on an animal,
and does not necessarily imply any par-
ticipation in the management or direction.
So one **drives** one's own carriage, or
*^ drives" in another's as his guest: but
a passenger generally "rides" in a public
conveyance, though he may take the driver's
place, and then he would drive. "Ride"
only is used of traveling on the back of an
animal.

4. See TRANSPORT, STRIKE, PROSECX7TE,
URGE, CONCLUDE.

5. excavate {horizontally), hole, drift; —
distinguished from * ' sink.*
drive, V. i. 1. advance; spec, rush, dash,
float, drift, rack, scud.
9. vehiculate {rare), tool {chiefly spec.;
cant); spec, rattle, bowl {used vnth
"along"), coach, spank {coUoq.), chari-
oteer, bucket.

t. See STRIKE, URGE.

drive, n. 1. driving; spec, drift, battue.
3. journey {contextual), excursion {cor^
textual), ride,
t. excavation, drift.

4. See DRIVEWAY, URGENCY. ENERGY.

driver, n. 1. propeller, impeller; spec, car-
rier, sail.

3. reinsman {rarc^ U. S.; spec.), Jehu
{humorous), charioteer, wagoner, wag-
goner, curricleer {rare or nonce), coach-
man, cabman, cabby {coUoq.), hackman,
mahout, carnac {French), driveress {nonce
word), vetturino {It.), jarvey {sUmg,
Eng.), dragsman, tripper, teamster, mule-
teer, drover, cameleer, motorman, chauf-
feur, chauffeuse {fem.).

driveway, n. drive; spec, sweep.

drizzle, n. rain {contextual), spray (conr-
textual), drow {Scot.).

droop, V. i. 1. hang, incline; spec, bend,
dangle, loll, lop, nod, nutate {rare), sink,
flag, weep, sag, slouch, drop, fall.

3. See DESCEND, LANGUISH.

droop, V. t. hang {as the head), incline; spec.
dangle, bend, loU, nod, sink, slouch, drop.
Antonyms: see erect.

droop, n. hang {rare), inclination; spec.
slouch, sag, pendency, bend.

drooplnc* a. 1. hanging; spec, nutant
{rare), nodding, cemuous {chiefly bot.),
weeping, pendent, sagging.
3. Svec. declining, languishing, descend-
ing, depressed.

Cross references: aee Note.
drivel, V. t.: slobber ^ utter.
drlval, V. i.: slobber, babble.
drlval, n.; slobber, nonsense.

drlBzle: rain. — drlssly: rainy.
droll, n.; buffoon, wit.
droll, a.: latighcMe.
droll, 9. t.: jest.

drone, n.; idler, Auggard.
drone, v. i.: idle.
drone, n.; hum.
drone, v.: hum, monotone.

KS^ See Notes of Explanation.

147

Anloni/ms: tee ehect.
diop, n. t, ball (eontextiuil), globule, gutta
(tecA.), tear {cbitfiy ipec.), pear) (chiefly
tpee.); epec. blob, gout (arcftair), bead,
droplet, devrdrop, raindrop.

FAiiL, BREAK (in a iurface),

CURTAIN.

drop, V. i. 1. Spee. drip, pearl, bead, dis-
till, bleed (fig.), plump.

S. See DESCEND, PALL, CROUCH, SINK, DE-

dxop, B. t. t. Spec, drip, distill, ehcd.
t. To lei, or cause to, fall: spec, fell, plump,
dump (chiefly U. S.), lower, droop.

I. See FELL, MAIL, UTTEE, OMIT, DKOOP,

dmp-shsped, a. guttata (tech.), guttifor

(lech.), pearly, beady.
dropsioal, a. hydropic, hydroptic (rare

spec, oedematoua.

drops]', n- hydrops (lech, or obi.), hydropsy
(now rare); spe" "^ ^ -"- ^ j ._

throsis, tedenm.

re); spec, hydrothor

1. refuse (amieitual), recrement

staaeee), scoria (uswviy dndery or porous
droM, as cellular lava); epec. scum, cinder,
clink, sullage.

droBsr, a. slaggy, s
my, eindery.
drOTs, n, 1. herd; spec, string.

drown, D. t. 1. Set suffocate.
B. overwhelm, overpower; spec, (of sound)
deafen, deaden, outcry, outroar.

drudxe, f. i. work (contextual), fag (ofUn
spec, in Bng. school cant), grind, slave,
plod, dig, plow, grub, hack, scrub.

drudcc n, worker (conteximl); spec, grub,
hack, gnibstreeter (lilerary), packnorse
(fig.), devil or deviller (coUoq.), scrub,
plodder, slave, fag (in an Eng. tchool),
grind, penny-a-liner.

drudKsry, n. work (contextual); spec, fag
(rore), grind, hackwork (chiefly deprecio'
lory), joumeywork, slaveiy.

dniKi n. 1. medicine, physic (chiefly spec.),
medicinal, dope (chiefly spec.; slang);
spec, elixir.

drug, V. t. medicate, doae, phvsic (chiefly
spec.), dope (chiefly spec.; sfanp); spec.

droKClat, n. apothecary (obsolescent in
England, and less common than "drug-
ffisl" in 11. S.), pharmaceutist or pharma-
cist (tech.), pharmacopolist (Tare).

dincBtore, n. druggery (rare).
dium, n. I. tabor (rare or spec.), tambour I
(chiefly spec.}; spec, tambourine, tomtom.

■. >Seea

1. beat, drub, thrum.
dmm, i>. (. 1. iSee gatheb, expel, compel.

t. drub, thrum.
drumbeAt, n. rub-a^ub, tan-ti

drunkard, n. drinker. Inebriate, lushing i

ton (slang); spec, bloat (colloq.), dipso- [

maniac, sot, bum (slang. U. S.). '

drunken, a. inebrious, bouay or boozy; t
spec, sottish, soaked (cotloq.), oomy
(slang).
Antonyms: see sober.

drr, a. I. waterless, unwet (rare), un- 1

moistened, arid (chiefly spec.), siccaneouB J

(rare), moistless <rore), droughty or j

drouthy (rore, exc. spec.), dryifii: spec, i
dried, desiccated, corky, dry-shod, drv-

footed, husky, perched, iuiceless, drinlc- I

less, sapless, exauccoua (rare; also JJff.), [

Anlwiyms: see wct, moibt, soaked.
B. See souE (iCTTie), PROHiBmoN.
dry, V. t. exsiccate (tech.; rare), deaiceate
(lech.), parch, dehydrate (tech.), evaporate
(rare); spec, buccan, drain, blot, paasulate
(rare), sear, kiln, stove, sammy.

Antonyms: see wet, moisten, drench,

SOAK, WATER.

dry, II. i. desiccatfi, dehydrate, exsiccate
(rcre),- spec, sear (rare).
Antonyms: see soak.

dryer, n. desiccative, dcsiccant, siccative,
exsiccator (rare), dehydrator (tech.), f~
siceant (rare).

drylnc, a. siccative, exsiccant (rare), exmo-
cative (rare), desiccant (tech.), deaic
tive; spec, torrefactive (rare).

diraeai, n. dryth (obs. or dial. Eng.), arid-
ity (chiefly spec.), drought or drouth (rare, t

Antonyms: see moisture.

d-Bluped, a. Spec, deltoid (like Greek A).

dub, V. t. 1, See kniqht, honor, name.
». Spee. dress, trim, grease,

duok, n. 1. dilly (eoUoa. or dial.), quack
(humoroue); spec, duck ling, flapner,
drake, pintail, sprigtail, calloo, callow,
dun diver, garrot, gad wall, Harlequin,
bardheaa (U. S.), golden-eye, granny,
waterwitch, merganser, mallard, teal, old*
wife, old-squaw, shoveler, scaup, eider,
eider duck, dungbird.

w/tr™

k.

drowijl 'leepy, Mluooi^h, I

t^" See NotM of Explaiiatlaii.

J

DURATION

duck, V, i, & 1 1. See dip.
9. lower {co7Uextaal)f bob {jerkily), bend,
dodge, bow.

duot, n. channel {contextual); spec, pipe,
tube, chimney, funnel, flue.

duotllet a. 1. malleable, tensile; spec, ex-
tensible, tractile {rare), tough.
Antonyms: see refractory, unyield-
ing, Riom.

9. See PLASTIC, MANAGEABLE, PLIANT.

due, a. 1. owckI, owing, mature, dueful
{archaic), rightful; spec, payable; see

ACCRUED.

9. See DESERVED, PROPER, ADEQUATE,

ATTRIBUTABLE.

due, n. 1. droit {law), right; spec, charge,
fee, toll, tribute, duty, tex; see debt.
9. desert, merit {chiefly in pi.).

duel, n. fight {contextual), rencounter {lit-
erary), monomachy {rare); spec, holmgang
{rare).

duet, n. composition {corUextiud), duo
{Italian), duetto {rare),

dull, a. 1. See stupid, cheerless, de-
pressing, BLUNT, DARK.
9. Referring to capacity of feeling: dim,
insensitive, unfeeling, inapprehensive,
gross, Boeotian (Jig.), lat, saturnine {liter-
ary), obtuse, muzzy {coUoq.), blunt,
sluggish, inert; spec, numb, languid,
besotted, cloudy.
Antonyms: see sensitive.
t. Referring to mental capacity or condi-
tion as to interest: spiritless, heavy, dump-
bh, unanimat<ed, listless, torpid, dead, in-
animated, lifeless, indifferent; spec, apa-
thetic, phlegmatic, inapprehensive {rare),
sleepjr, numb, depressed, dark, lumpish,
Boeotian {fig.).

Antonyms: see sharp, shrewd, preco-
cious, witty.

4. Referring to sensations, as pain: obtuse
{rare), heavy.

5. Referring to what affects the mind or atr-
tention: vapid, uninteresting, tedious, in-
sipid, tame, dry, jejune {literary); spec.
tiresome, insulse {rare), drear {chiefly po-
etic), drearisome (rare), dreary, humdrum,
monotonous, routine, commonplace, pro-
saic, prosy, ponderous, irksome, frigid, flat.

Antonyms: see amusing, clever, witty.

6. Referring to colors: sober, obscure, sad,
plain, colorless, somber, grave, sordid;
spec, dirty, muady, gray.

Antonyms: see vivid, bright, glowing.

7. Referring to a surface: lusterless, lack-
luster, opaque, matt, dead, rayless {rare),
flat.

Antonyms: see bright, iridescent. ^

8. Referring to sounds: flat, dead, muffled,
shut {rare).

Antonyms: see clear, shrill.
•. Referring to a market: flat, inactive,
slack; spec, unresponsive.
dull, V. t. 1. See stupefy, depress, dark-
en, BLUNT.

9. Referring to mental activity : de&den, oh-
tund {chiefly med.). hebetate {rare), numb,
benumb, bedull (intensive), blunt, jade
{by wearying), retund {rare), dullify {col-
loq.)t damp or dampen {as the appetite,
desire, ardor, etc.), blur, besot {wilh dissi-
pation), torpify {rare); spec, cloud.

Antonyms: see stimulate.
t. Referring to a surface: unpolish (rare),
deaden; spec, tarnish.
4. Referring to colors: deaden, somber
{rare), sober.
dullness, n. 1. Spec, cheerlessness, dark-
ness, bluntness, stupidity, depression,
flatness, deadness.

9. insensitiveness, unfeelingness; spec.
meropia, numbness, lang[uidness.
t. spiriUessness, aumpishness, lifeless-
ness, heaviness, doldrums {pi.; fig.) ^ en-
nui; spec, apathy, lethargy, sleepmess,
etc,

4. uninterestingness, tediousness, tedium,
insipidity, frigidity, monotony, etc.

5. kef erring to colors: sobriety, obscurity,
plainness, etc.

Antonyms: see brightness.

6. Referring to a surface: lusterlessness,
mattness, opacity, etc,

duly, adv, rightly, right, deservedly, prop-
erly.
dumb, a, 1. voiceless, mute, inarticulate,

tongueless.

9. See silent, noiseless.
dumb, V. t. gag {fig, or in transferred

senses), disvoice {rare),
dump^ n. 1. See counter.

9. dumpling {person of rounded ovUine),
dump, n. Spec, tip, tipple {local, U. o.).
dunc-eatinc» a. copropnagous.
dunceon, n. 1. donjon, keep.

9. Spec, oubliette {French); see VAUi/r,

prison.
dupe, n. victim {contextiuU), dotterel {fig,),

pigeon {cant), gull, cully, fool {archaic),

stale {archaic).
dupe, V. t. deceive, fool, victimize {coUoq.),

pigeon {cant), gull; spec, cheat.
duplicate, n, double; spec, copy, replica,

facsimile.
duration, n. Spec, continuance, quantity.

1^" Cross references: see Note.
donuny, a.: pretend.
donuny, n.; mute, blockhead,
aoerU, counterfeit, modd.

dmnplsli;

stupid.
dun, a.; drab.
dun, 9. t.: ask.

depreesedt duU,

duplicate, V. t.: double, copy,
repeat.

dnranoe: duration, imprison-
ment, c^anfinemerU.

11

13^ See Notes of Explanation.
149

I

date, term, tenor, longitude irare), time,
durance (archaic).

duiluKi a- pending, within, in, through,
over {a period of time).

duit, n. dirt (conlexlual), powder, pother
(rare); spec, smother, coom or coomb
(Scot, or local Eng.), breeze, cully, alack,
culm, ashes, pouce, pounce, smoke.

dut;, n. 1. obligation, ought (rare), devoir
(archaic).

t. obligation, part, charge, business (»pec.
<"■ fin-); spec, office, function, task, bur-
den, trust, oommiBsion.
ArUonyms: ue FKivlLBat:.
I. See TAX.

dwarf, n. diminutive, pygmy or pigmy
(o/(CTi spec), droich (Scot), hopnD'-my-
thumb (lUorary); spec, bantam, mid^,
midget, runt (rantempdious, exc. of ani-
mals), Lilliputian (spec, or fig.), fingerling
(rare), dandiprat (archaic), micromorph
(Uch, and Tare), manikin, Negrito, Ne-
grillo.
Antonyms: see giant.

dw*ri, a. dwarfish or pygmy, pigmy,
dwarfly (rare), undershapen (rare), mi-
dersized, runtish (catUemptuous, eze. of
aniTnals), undergrown, runty (U. S.);
spec scrubby.
Antonyms: see Oio ANTIC.

dwurt, V. t. 1. stunt, bcdwarf (intensive).

i. See DIMINISH, BBLITTLB.

dw«U, V. i. 1, See DELAY, coNnrniE.
t. abide, reside (formal), domicile (chiefly
legal), hve, harbor (archjiic), wont (rare),
inhabit (rare), stay (coUoq.), tenant (rare),
lodge, home (rare), inhabit (rare), keep
(rare); spec, houae, cabin, kennel, den,
tabernacle, tent, room, sojourn, tfury.
>. harp (in "to harp on"),

dwsUn, n. inhabitant, abider, liver
(chiefly U. S.), habitant (rare), residenti-
ary, resident (chiefly formal or tech.); spec.
deniien. "Inhabitant" and "resident" are
the two common tenns.

dwelllni:, n. abode (chiefly literary), tene-
ment (chiefly tech.). inhabitation, lodging,
lodge (chiefly spec.); spec, house, cottage,
eetabtiahment, tent, tepee, shanty, shack,
dugout, manse, mansion, caatle, hutch
(contemptuous), hut, gunyah (Aiistrtdia),
hermiti^, i^oo (Eihimn), familistery,
bourock (Scot.), cot, barrack, bothy,
chalet, cell, den, bungalow, court, dog-
hole, embaaay, cabin, bower, droaty,
booth (archaic), tabernacle.

dy«, n. 1. See color.

i. pigment (eonlextual); epec. grain, dye-
stuff.

djrn, r. t. color (contextual), strain, grain
(spec, or poetic), imbue (literary); spec.
tinge, shade, double-dye, ingrain.

drills, a. moribund {literary or learned),
fey (archaic), mortal; spec, commorient.

drspaptlo. a. I. indigestive.

i. See UUSCtBLE.

eaxer, a. 1. See bpibited, BTRGNiroua.
%. desirous, keen, fervent, fervid, hot-
headed, hot (coliog.), eealous, ardent,
agog (predicaiioe); spec, vehement, ear-

Atdonyma: see apathetic.

vftgle, n. erne (now chiefl yspec.); spec
ringtail, Bore-cMle, griffin, harpy, eaglet.

ear, n. head (of various composite fruits,
as cereals); spec, spike.

ear, n. 1. listener (slang); — r^erring la the
external ear: lug (chiefly Scot.), shell
{chiefly poet.), concha (tech.), conch
{rare); spec, pnnk-ear, crop-ear.
>. projection (contextual), lug; spec, loop,

eKrKohB,n. otalgia (tech.).

eaidrai>i,R. drum (confeiiuol), tympanum

itcck.).
eared, a. spiked (like com).
eexU«r, a. old (contextual), former, previ-

Antonyms: see later.
early, adv. betimes, soon; spec, timely,
early, a. rathe (poetic); spec, timely, au-
roral, matutinal or mattnal, rareripe,
ratheripe or rathripe (poetic), precocious.
ATitonynis: see late,

I. Spec, crop, dog's-ear, dog-

. 1. I. payment (contextual), in-
itallment (contextual), han<isc\;itpec.God.'s
penny (now ditd.), earnest-money.
1. Referring to an indication of what is to
come: pledge, promise, handsel, foretaste.
•arnei^ a. 1. intent, serious, intense; spec.
eager, impassioned, animated, cardial.
Antonyms: "- ~

PLATFUL.

I. SeelMPOR

earnestnesB. n. earnest (only ii
nest," "in real earnest," etc.), impress-
ment (rare), seriousness, intentnesa.
ATitonyma: see play.

BATING

n. pi. 1. pay (sing.; eontext-
ual), gettings ipl.; archaic) ^ wages (pi. or
ting.; chiefly spec.), salary (sing.; chiefly
spec.).

9. iSeePBOFiTB.
emrtli* n. 1. planet (contextual), hall (fig.),

gobe, terrene (rare), terra (tech.), Tellus
Ig.; literary), world (chiefly spec.); spec.
countereartn, Midgard (mythot.).
9. world (as the home of man and other
creatures), mold or mould (poetic or obs.).
S. Referring to the solid substance of the
earth: ground, dod (literary), glebe (po-
etic or rhetorical), land, mold or mould
(poetic or obs.); spec, rock, sand, mud,
muck, dirt (coUoq.; often derogatory or
contemptuous), clay, loam, bard pan
(chiefly U. S.), dust, etc.

4. Referring to that part of the ground in
which plants grow: soil, mold or mould
(poetic or spec.); spec, loam, humus, dirt
(coUoq.), muck.

5. Referring to worldly things or state:
world (used with **the'*).

t. See MANKIND, BURROW.

earth- bom, a. 1. terrigenous (rare).

9. See HUMAN, WORLDLY.

earthen, a. earth; spec, stone, dirt, clay,
mud, etc.; — the nouns used aUribuiioely.

earthenware, n. crockery; spec, cloam,
doom (obs. or dial. Eng.), china, delf or
delft, pottery, stoneware, crouchware,
poroelam, Wedgwood ware, pebble or
pebble ware, majolica, terra-cotta, Bel-
leek, etc.

earthly, a. 1. terrestrial, earthy (rare).
3. unspiritual, nonspiritual: spec, ma-
terial, worldly, sensual, bodily, temporal.
Antonyms: see divine, spiritual, ethe-
real.
t. conceivable, possible.

earthquake, n. quake, shock, seism (rare);
spec, microseism.

earthworm, n. angleworm, dew-worm;
spec, lobworm.

earthy, a. 1. earthlike, cloddy (deprecia-
tory), terrene (rare), glebous (rare); spec.
muddy, clayey, dusty.
8. terrestrial,
t. See material, gross, coarse.

earwax, n. cerumen (tech.).

ease, n. 1. comfort.
3. easiness J spec, carelessness, freedom,
relief, facihty, leisure, convenience, rest,
repose, content, imconstraint, uncon-
cern.
Antonyms: see constraint, difficulty.

ease, v. t. 1. See comfort, mitigate, re-
lieve, diminish.
2. facilitate, smooth, favor.

easily, ado. easy (coUoq. or vulgar); spec,
conveniently, carelessly, smoothly, ^b,
readily, gently, etc.

east, n. 1. dawn (poetic), orient (poetic or
archaic), rise (fig.).
Antonyms: see west.
9. east country, eastland (now poetic);
spec. Orient.

eastern, a. eastwardly, eastward, east
(more coUoq. and usual thar^ **ecuitem**),
eoan (rare), auroral or aurorean (literary).
orient or oriental (rare. exc. as capitalizea
and spec., of the Levant), easterly.
Antonyms: see western.

easterner, n. oriental (rare, exc. as capital-
ized and spec.), ^easterling (archaic, exc
hist.).

easy, a. 1. comfortable.
9. Spec, free, unembarrassed, uncon-
strained, effortless, tractable, careless,
smooth, ready, facile, natural, graceful,
airy, soft, gentle, moderate, inaolent, im-
ooncemed, easy-going, resttul, compliant,
complaisant, credulous, loose, wealthy.
Antonyms: see severe.
t. facile, light; spec, convenient.
Antonyms: see difficult.

easy-going, a. easy, jog-trot, happy-go-
lucky.

eat, V. t. 1. consume (contextual), devour,
discuss (humorous), demolish (slang),
mandicate (rare); spec, en^rge (rare),
touch, gormandize, gluttonize, dispatch
(coUoq.), table (rare), gorge.
9. See consume, corrode, erode, wear.

eat, V. i. feed (now chiefly of animals), vic-
tual (rare); spec, gorge, pick or peck (fi^.,
coUoq.j or slang, exc. of birds), raven, gor-
mandize, mess, luncn, board, common
(chiefly in school and college use), dine,
dinner (rare), sup, supper (rare or coUoq.),
collation (obs.), breakfast, grub (slang).

eatable, a. edible, esculent (tech. or litia^
ary), ciborious (rare).
Antonyms: see uneatable.

eatable, n. edible, esculent (literary or
tech.), comestible (learned and usually hu-
morous or a^ected), gustable (rare),

eater, n. consumer, devourer; spec, epicure,
gorger, glutton, diner, luncher, gourmet
(French).

eating, a. 1. eadacious (chiefly humorous),
9. Spec, corfosive, erosive, gnawing.

eating, n. 1. consumption, devourment,
manducation (rare), eat (obs,, slang, or
cant), repast (rare).
2. gastrology.

t. Spec, consumption, corrosion, erosion,
fretting, etc.

eating house, restaurant; spec. caf4.

Cross references: see Note.
ear shot: hearinff.

•as«ful: comfortable.
•ai«l: support.

east, a.: ea^em.
•aaterly, a.: ea^em.

tST See NotM of Ezplaaatlon.
151 .

N

ohophouse, coffee hoUBe, caffetcria, eat
(eoni or ^ng).

carai, n. jA. overhang.

•bony, n. 1. Befening to the wood: ebon
(now poetic).
t. See DASK.

•eoentrlo, a. I. Spec, decentered.
>. Spec, elliptic, parabolic, hyperbolic.
1. peculiar, queer, odd, oddish, stj-ange,
bizarre, Bingular, etratiCj cranky, outri
(Frerich), quaint, outlandish; spec, fantas-
tic, abnormal, whimsical, etc.

eccentric, n. crochetcer (rwe), hobbyist,
monomaniac, crank (coUoij.), curiosity,
qui* (rare), original; ipec. guy.

ecoentrloltr, n. peciuiarity, oueemess,
oddity, oddnesB, strangeness, bizarrcrie
{French), singularity, erraticness, cranki-
ness, quaintnesa, outlandishness; spec.
fantasticalncs, abnormality, whimsical-

eoolail^BUe, ecclcilaitloal, a. church
(the aUrilndive use of the TUfun), chuicbly;
spec, religious.

cccl«>l«atlfc n. Spec, churchman, con-
ventual, prior; eee monk, nun, m»

eoh(^ n. I. reverberation {learned or
reply, return, repercussion (rare),
tion {rare or leeh,); spec, re-echo.

). See REPETITION, IMITATION.

echo, f. I. 1. reverberate, return; spec, re-

i. See REPEAT, COPT.

echo, V. i. reverberate, resound, reply, ring,
redound (rare); apee. re-echo,

eoonomlcKl, a. economizing, saving, spar-
ing, thrifty, provident, patsimamoua
{rare), frugal; »pee. cheap,
Antonyms." see extravagant, Wastb-

eoonomlos, n. political economy, chrcma-
tistics [often spec.), plutonomy {Tare),
plutology (rare).

eoonomlst, n. political economist, chrom-
atist (chiefly spec.; rare); spec, physiocrat,

economlie, v. t. save, husband, stint, scant,
spare, scrimp (colloq.), skimp (eollaq.).
Animyms: see waste.

aconomlie, v. i. save, stint, scant, spare,
retrench, scrimp {a)lh<}.), skimp (coUa^.).

ooonomy. n. economizmg, econonuzation
(rare), saving, thrift, tlmftincss, saving-
neas, providence, pftrsimony (rare), spar-
ing, husbandry, husbanding, skimping
(coUoq.), scanting {colloq.); apec. retrench-

Antonyms: tee wabtb, extravagance.

•Gitaay, n. gladness {contextual), rapture,
transport, rapt (rare), raptus (rare),
paroxysm, intoxication, enthusiasm, rav-
ishment (rare); spec, trance, frenzy,
agony, madness, nympholepsy.
Antonyms: see apatht, caui.

•astatic, a. glad (contcilual), transported,
ecstasied, rapt, enrapt, enraptured, rap-
turous, rhapsodical, raptured; epee. en-
thusiastic {rare).
Antonyms: see apathetic, calm.

eddy, n. coimtercnrrent {contextual; rare),
swirl; spec, whirlpool.

eddy, V. i. swirl, gurge (rare).

edE*! n. 1. Referring to a projeeUnif part
tskere Iwo surfaces meet at an angle: spec.
featheredge, face, beard, bit, burr, hip,
groin, arris, bezel, waney, gunwale or
gunnel, crest, hem, verge.
9. Referring to the place where a sarfaee
terminates: verge, margin, hmit {ckiefiy
in pi.), bound, brim (chiefly spec.), side,
coast (archaic), bordure {chiefly her.), lip,
rim, brink, border; spec, skirt (chiefly in
pi.), hem, outakirt (ehiejlti in pi.), limb,
exergue, list, selvage or selvedge, footing,
fringe, listing, edging, leech, dedile edge,
berm, curb, bezel, bank.

Antonyms: see body, center.
■. intensity; spec, sharpness, zest, keen-
ness, bitterness, sting.

edK"> II- (■ 1- See sharpen.
1. border, rim, margin, skirt, marginate
(rare); spec, frmge, befringe (rare), purl,

edsed, a. 1. See bharp.

I. marginate (lech.), listed, margined,

bordered, elc,
edflnB, n. edge {coTitextual); spec, skirt

(rare), welt, welting, trill.
edict, n. 1. decree (contextual); spec, bull,

capitulary, constitution.

edit, D. t. 1. redact (lech, or literary); spec.
revise, arrange, digest,
t. conduct (for piMiealion, as a period-

editlnc, n. redaction; spec, revision, recen-

editlon, n. redaction; spec, (referring to the
nunib«r printed al one printing) issue, im-
pression, impress, printing.

editor, n, 1. redactor (tech. or literary), re-
dacl«ur (French), reviser.
I. conductor {(Mo/o periodical).

editorlBl, n. leader {chiefly Brilith); spec.
leaderette (chiefly Briiish).

•baiutl<

•dlbUi talaHt.

f^ Bm Not«e ot EiplwuiUoo.

N
^

«dii««t«d, a. lettered, Uterato (feanied),
cultured.

Antoa\im3: see tjnedttcated.
•duUitlaii, n. 1. breeding Ihringing up).

1. training, culture.

•S*oa, V. t. remove (.conlcxliial), obliterate,
erase (properlv spec.), expunge, excise
(propw/y spec.), delete or dele {Itch.), out-
blot ipoelic), strike (etp. with "out," etc.);
tpee. Hinlimn (rare), rase (rare), snuff,
Bponge.
Antonyms: see interpolate.

•Ileot, n. I. consequence, fruit (fig.);
spec. Buperconsequenoe, impress, out-

S. Referring lo tnenloi effect on a person.
impression, impressure (rare), ensemble
(French), impress.

1. See MEANING, ACTION, ACTUALITY.

4. In pi.: goods.

•Sect, V. t. cause, produce, effectuate,
have; spec, operate, work, force, accom-
plish, drive, contrive, negotiate, compass,
conclude, make, contract, execute, per-
form, conjure, weep, smile, etc.

•Sective, a. I. causative, active, operative,
dynamic, dynamicaJ.
Aa iniplyiitg power or potency in pro-
ducing resiMi: efficacious, effectual, effi-
cient, good (of persona), per&cient (rare),
prevalent (rare), deedful (rare).
Antonyms: see barren, ineffectual,
UNFROn ucnvE .

t. In refercTtee la affecling a person's
opinion, feeling, or the like: impressive,
forceful, efficacious, telling, fetching,
(coUag.), pointed; spec, cogent, stinging,
cutting, striking, convincing.

•SeotlTeneBs, n. causativeness, effectual-
ity, efficaciousness, efficiency, point,
forcefulness, cogency, virtue, duty.

•Semlnaoy, n. womanishness, mvirihty
(rore), woman (rare, exc. aa equUi, to
teomanliness), femininity, feminity (rare);
apec. tenderness, weakness, delica^iy.

•flemlnat*, a. womanish, ladylike (prop-
erly spec.), soft, silken (fig.; used <if men),
unmanly (used of men), tender, weak,
delicate.
Antonipns: see manlineiss.

aOemlnate, n. Sardanapalus (fig.), milk-
sop, mollycoddle, tenderling (rare); spec.
betty, molly.

cSemliuitB, i>. I. soften, emolliate (rare),

emasculate (a man).
Antonyms: aex todghen.
aSete, a. exhausted.
effloieaoe, v. i. Referring lo a formation on

mi'ierala, aaU aolidions, etc.: bloom; spec.

effloiesoenoAt n. bloom, florescence, pul-

verulence, powder; spec, crust.
aOort, n. t. exertion, endeavor, strife,

stretch, strain, stress, push (Jig.; colhq.),

spurt or spirt, trouble, attempt, try; spec.

breath, burst, struggle,

t. See DEED.

eSoIslon, n. 1. S«e OUTFLOW, TtTTBRANCB,

t. demonstration (affecting), gush, slop-
ping over (amiempliunts; cofio^.).

eRuBlve, a. 1. See luxuriant.
a. demonstrative (wkich see), gushing,
exuberant.
Antonyms: see impabbive, unemotional.

BtK-st>apeil, a. oviform, oval, ovate, ovoid,
ovoidal (rare), ovicular (rare), ellipaoidai
{a loose usage); spec, obovate.

egoism, n. 1. individualism, self-feelinK;
apec. suicism (rare), selfishness, self-eeek-
ing, self-apinioaatedneaa, weism (nir«),
solipsism (philos.); see sblfibkness.
a. See EQOTiSM.

cEoiitlo, a. 1. individualistic, setf-r^ard-
ng, self-cent«red; see sblfibh.

!. See EGOTISTIC.

ecotianii n. conceit, egoism, suicism

•KotisUe, a. egotistical, conceited (eon-
texltial), ^otistic, self -obtruding.

elKbt, n. Referring to a group qf eight
things: octave (chiefly spec), ogdoad
(learned), oetonary (chiefly spec.), octad,
octet or octette (rore).

alfht- angled, a. octangular (tech.).

eightfold, a. octuple (Uamed or tech.).

eightii, n. octave (mus.); spec, suboctave
(rore).

elBlit-slded, a. octahedral (tech.), oc-
tahedric (tecii,), eight-square (chiefly

elaoulate, v. t. I. See EJECT.

3. To utter: blurt, bolt: sjiec. exclaim.
eleot, V. t. 1. emit, expel, ejaculate (chiefly

physiol.), cast (used with "out"; rare);

spec, fire, belch, spew, eructate, eruct,

erupt, ehminate (aba. or humorous), spit,

apout, squirt, deliver, void, evacuate, diB-
gorge, regorge; see vomit.
Anlonyina: »ee inject.
«. To drU>e from a place or posilion: re-
movG, oust, expel, dispossess, bounce
(glang); gpec. disseiie, evict, unnest, un-
ke:inel, unhouse.

elaotlon, n. 1. emission, cxpulaion, ^ocu-
Itttion (chiefly gvec.); epec. delivery, m-ing,
belching, belch, spewing, eructation,
eruption, spouting, squirt, squirting, de-
livery, voiaance, oul^throw (rare), dia-
gorgement,

ATitoajpna: see injecttion.
9. ouster, expulsion, disposaeaaioa, dis-
seizing, eviction, removal.
S. ejecta {pi.), ejectamcnta (pi.); spec.
spew, vomit.

elaborate, a. labored, operose (rare); s-pec.
studied, perfected, complicated, detailed.

AalimymB: see siMi

eUbor«t«, ti. I, work out, develop, labor,
devise.

alaboratenesB, n. elaboration, detail,
nicety, complication, etc.

elaboratloa, n. 1. development, painstak-
ing, perfection, devising.

1. See ELABORATENESS.

elastic, a. 1, resilient (chiefly lech.),
springy; spec, expansive.
AnUmjfns: see plastic, inelastic.
9. See BDOTANT (in mind),

•late, B. (. excite, enliven, exhilarate, exalt,
elevate (now rare), flush, animate; spec,
please, ^adden, puff, inflate.
Antonyine: gee depress, anijoy.

elated, a. elale (archaie or poetic), exalted,
swollen, flushed, exhilarated, animated;
spec, joyful, glad, inflated, puffed-up.
Antonyms: see pEPREsaBD.

elation, n. excitement, enlivenment, ex-
altation, flush, elevation (tww rare), ani-
mation; spec, joy, pride.
Antonyms: see iiGPBEsaiON.

elbow, n. ancon (tech.), joint {crmiextwil).

elbow, V. I. push, nudge (gently): spec.
jostle.

elbowlike, a. anconal, anconoid; — both
tech.

eleat, v. L choose; spec, return, predesti-

eieot, a. chosen; spec, predestinated.

elect, n. Spec. y>redestinale.

eleoUoD, n. choice; spec, by-election, pre-

eleotlva, a. t. choosing; spec, constituent.

I. optional, optative, selective, electoral

{chiefly spec.).
elector, n. chooser; spec, constituent,

electorate, n. constituency.

electrto, a. 1. Spec, voltaic, faradaie,

thermoelectric, piezoelectric, etc.

" " ExciTiNo, ermuLAT-

eleotrlfled, a. live (Tail, etc.).
eieotrlty, v. t. I. electrize; epec. galvanize,
faradize.

9. See THRILL, EXCITE, STIMULATE,

elegance, n. Spec, grace, refinement,

caur Illness, daintiness, featness (archaic),
nicety, flnisb, cultism, Gongorism, pu-
rism, finery.

elecant, a. "Elegant^' implies good (oafe
and more or less omateness, grace, dis-
crimiTtation, or the like, such as is osso-
daled with the cultured clagaes. Hence,
jnUh this implicaiion: »pec. esthetic
(learned or literary), graceful, refined,
courtly, Cheeterneldian, Ciceronian,
dainty, shapely, trim, feat (archaic), nice,
genteel (now chiefly vsed somewhat dis-
paraoingly), silken or silky, chaste, cul-
tured, neat, polished, finished,
AiUonytm; see crude.

elegiit, n. threnodist, monodist.

element, n. 1. >See couponent, past.
9. Formerly: spec, earth, air. fire, water.
1. Now chem., see tlie list in the diction-

4. Spec, datum, condition, moment or
momentum (tech, or lUerary), factor,
principle, germ, rudiment, fundamental,
principiura (rare), primary.
B. In the Christian religion: spec, host,
bread, wine, eulogia (hist.), Eucharist.
■lementary, a. 1. component (rare). See

SlUPLE, UNCOUPOUNOBO.

9. initial, rudimentary, inchoate, indol-
ent, primary, fundamental, basal or basic,
primordial.
Antonyms: see elaborate,
elephant, n. Spec, foal, tusker, mam-
moth, mastodon.
ilevate, v. t. 1. i^ee raise (physically).

Antonyms: see abase, degrabb.
■. To raise the mental or moroi character
of: raise, lift, eTcatt; spec, refine.

f See ItoMi of EipUnatlnn

EBfBASSY

Antonyms: see contaminate, degrade.
elevated, a. 1. See high, upturned.
9. Referring to mental or moored charader:
high, lofty, grand, sublime, soaring,
empyreal 0^.), grandiose, hi^h-flown,
buslaned (literary) , noble, magnificent. ,

Antonyms: see vile, degraded, de-
praved.

elevatinc* a. ennobling, inspiring, exalt-
ing.

Antonyms: see contaminative.
elevation, n. 1. See raising, delinea-
tion.

9. raising^ advancement^ exaltation, ag-
gpndization; spec, dignification, promo-
tion, ennoblement.

ArUohyms: see degradation.
S. raising (moraUy or inteUectiuiUy), lift-
ing, exaltation; spec, refinement.

Antonyms: see degradation.

4. Referring to state or position or elevated
rank, as in character: spec, height, dignity,
eminence, eminency.

Antonyms: see degradation, deprav-
ity.

5. Referring to an elevated object or place:
hei^t, emmence {chiefly literary); spec,
hill, swell (of land), mountain.

Antonyms: see hollow.

elevator, n. lift (chiefly Enq. or tech.),
hoist (chiefly spec.); spec, whim, dumb-
waiter.

eleventh* a. undecennary (tech. or learned),

elf, n. demon (contextiud) , sprite, fairy, imp
(chiefly spec.), elfin, pygmy, puck, pixy;
spec, urchin.

elfish* a, demonic (contextiud), impish
(chiekp spec.), fairy, elfin, elvish; spec,
mischievous, weird.

elioit, V, t. draw (itsed wUh "forth'* or
"out**), extract, call (used with "out"),
evoke, fetch (now becoming colloq. or rare),
educe, expiscate (humorous or Scot,); spec,
wrest or wring, extort, pump.

ftlite, n. chosen (pi.), flower (collective
sing,); see chosen, best.

elocution, n. utterance; spec, deUvery,
oratory, eloquence.

elooutionist, n. Spec, reader, speaker.

eloquence, n. facundity (rare); spec, ora-
tory.

eloquent, a. facund (rare); spec, Cicero-
nian, oratorical.

else, a. other, different, besides or beside
(predicatively used), more.
Antonyms: see alike.

else, adv, differently, otherwise.

elucidate, v, t, clarify, illucidate (rare),
illuminate, illustrate; spec, explain, in-
terpret, demonstrate.
Antonyms: see confuse.

elucidative, a. illustrative^ demonstrative,
clarifying, illucidative. illuminative, il-
luminatory; spec, explanatory, interpre-
tative.
Antonyms: see confusing.

elusive, a, 1. evasive; — seeking to eoade^ as
the grasp,

8. elusory, lubricous (literary), slippery
(Jig.) J subtle, shifty, baffling, shy; spec.
deceptive, equivocatory, illlusory.

emaciate, v, t, thin, waste, extenuate
(rare), disflesh (rare).

emaciation, n. leanness, tabescence (rare).

emanate, v. t. emit, effuse; spec, exhale,
evaporate, radiate.

emanate, v, i. flow, proceed, issue, come;
spec, exhale, evaporate, radiate.

emanation, n. 1. emission, effluence, ef-
fluvium (thing emanated), efflux; spec,
aura, exhalation, mephitis (noxious),

9. Referring to impalpable things: evapon^-
tion, radiation.

emasculate, v, t. 1. See castrate.
9. weaken, unman; spec, effeminate, ef-
feminize.

embankment, n. 1. embanking.
3. mound (rare); spec, dike, remblai
(French), mole, bulwark, bund (Anglo-
Indian).

enoibarrass, v. t. 1. discomfort, demoraUze,
disconcert, discomfit; spec, nonplus, in-
volve, botner, abash, encumber, trouble,
harass, annoy, shame, mortify, hampei^,
confuse.

Antonyms: see disembarrass.
3. See complicate.

enibarrassinc* a. demoralizing, awkward,
difficult, disconcerting, bothersome, etc.
Antonyms: see assure.

embarrassment, n. discomfort, discon-
certion, disconcertedness (the state), dis-
comfiture; spec, cumber, confusion, shame,
difficulty, mortification, constraint, abash-
ment, mvolvement, pressure, trouble,
vexation, perplexity, etc.
Antonyms: see assurance.

embassy, n. 1. commission, embassade
(archaic), embassage (archaic),
3. legation, embassage (archaic), embas-
sade (archaic).
t. residence (contextual), legation.

1^" Cross references: see Note.
elide: delete.
•Ucible: qualified.
eliminate, v. t.: expel t excrete^
omit, ignore, suppress, abstract.
elixir; drug.

ellipsis: omission.
eloign: remove.
elongate, v.: lengthen.
elongate, a.: lengthened, obUmg.
elope: depart.
elude: evade, avoid.

elusion: evasion, avoidanee.
eniaolated: thin.
emanelpate: free.
embalm: preserve.
embark, v. t.: ship, invest.
enibark, v. i.: engage.

f3^ See Notes of Explanation.
155

0, craoeUate

EMBATTLE

(rare).
•iDbail, V. t. bed, impaste (i

(chiefly tpec.).

ambelUih, u. I. eniicli; spec, vary, em-
blazon, emblaze.

•mbeule, v. t. misappropriate, aiisapply,
convert, peculate (.chiefly spec,}. "Em-
healing" is aeeompliihed by fraud or
breach of trust in relation to property al-
ready legally in one's possession; "elealing"
by wroi^iftMy gelling poMeasion of property
wiih iniention to appropriate il.
imbsssla, f. i. misappropriate, defalcate,
peculate (chiefly spec.).

•mblttar, v. t. I. Referring to the '
BnTBB.

t. Referring to the mind: envenom,
poison (literary), rankle (rare), liou]
acerbate (make more bitter; literary).
Antonym^: see boeten.
S. Referring to pertoru: exaaperate, poi-
son, envenom; tpec. exacerbate (literary).
Ant'myme: see soften.

•mbadlment, n. bodiment, inaubatantia-
tion (rare), image, incorporation; sjyce.
incarnation, personification, personation
(rare), impanation, avatar (Iheosopky),
epiphany.

embodri ". '- incorporate, corporate (rare),
body, inaubstantiate (rare); spec, incar-
nate, impersonat«, enfleah (rare), encar-
nalixe (rare), personify, impanate, pillar.
Antonyms: see bfirituauze.

embolden, o. t. hearten, encourage, em-
brave (rare), nerve, inspirit; spec, reas-
eure.
Aniimyyn»: see discocraob.

■nibo», V. t, 1. Referring to a surface: or-
nament (contextual), boss; spec, knot,
pounce (kitl.).
Antonyms: see indent.
X. Referring to pr(f}eeting parts: raise,
boss; spec. knot.

embraoe, l>. t. 1. clasp (eoniextual), clutch
(contextual), clip {archaic or dial.), fathom
(rare), halse (Scot.), hold (contextual),
boaom (fig.), fold, infold or enfold (inten-
sive), entwine (intensiiK), grapple, em-
bosom (tn^enfftue), hug; spec, cuddle, lock,
enlock (inlensiiie; rare), nurse.
S. See iNcmDE, adopt, accept, receive.

embiAoe, n. 1. clasp (coniextutd), clip (ar-
chaic), embracement (rore), hold (context-
ual), fold, hug.
a. SeeBMB:

RECBPTION,

embraitiie, n. 1. Spec, epiay.
i. opening (conlexluiU), vent (rare); spec.
porthole (mil.).

embiolder, f. t. ornament (contextual),
work ; spec, branch, lace, tambour, couch.

embroidered, a. ornamented (coiUextual),
worked ; spec, orphreyed or orf rayed.

embroidery, n. ornamentation (contexf^
ual), work; spec, orphrey or orfray, aan*-
pler, spatterwork, needlework, insertion,
orris, phulkari (East Indian).

embToU, K. (. Set by the ears; — no single-
joord synonyms.

einbiro,n. 1. Spec, fetus or foetus, concep-
tion (fy.), corcTe or corcule (bol.), mole or

%. See BEGiNNiNO.
emerce, i>. i. 1. issue; spec, peep, outcrop
(also fig.), appear.
Antonyms: see sink, dip.
a. See ARISE.
emercenee, n. I. issuance, emergency;
spec, outcrop, peeping, appearance, emer-
sion (chiefly astran.).
Antonyms: see DIP.

•mettc, a. vomitory, vomitive (rare), eo-

critic (rare).
emetic, n. puke (mil now in polite luage),

vomitory (tech. or rare), vomitive (rare),

vomit (rare), eccritic (rare); spec, castor

oil, rhubarb, etc.
emigrant, n. migrant; spec, colonist, re-

demptioner (UTS.).
Antonyms: see imhiorant.
enUKi'te, V. i. depart (conteiiuai), mi-

Antnnj/ms: see immigbatb.
emieiatian, n. departure (contextjiol) , mi-
gration; spec, exodus.
emlsetoii, n. t. emitting, discharge; spec,
projection, radiation, exudation, emana-
tion, expression, exhalation, delivery.
Antonyms: see ABaORWiON.

emit, B. t. 1. discharge, deliver, emanate
(rare or «pec,); spec, shoot, spirt, dart,
dartle, squirt (undignified), jet. evolve, ra-
diate, breathe, exhale, eSuee, oleed (fig.),
express, shed, gush, vent, puff, throw,
hurl, foam, outpour.
ArUonyms: see swallow, abbobb.

i. See ISSUE, UTTER.

emotloDsl, a, 1. emotive.

S. sentimental (to excess or affectedly),
pathematic (rare), feeUng, pathetic (rare),
affective ; spec, maudlin, mawkish, demon-

is* BsD MotM of ExpUnatlOB.

ENCROACH

strative, sickly (coHo^.)i sicklied, intense,
languorous, languishing, unctious (rare),
unctuous, mushy.
Antonyms: see apathetic.

emotionalize, v, t. sentimentaUze: spec.
gush, languish.

emperor, n. monarch {contextwal), czar
(chiefly spec. & hist.)y csesar (chiefly spec,
& hist.)f kaiser (chiefly spec. & hist.); spec,
kaiserling (chiefly dim.), imperator (hist,)^
Mikado (lit., Son of Heaven).

emphasis, n. 1. See accent, force.
9. significance, weight, accentuation, ac-
cent, stress.
ArUonyms: see disregard.

emphasize, v, t, accentuate, stress, mark,
punctuate; spec, underline, underscore,
enforce.
Antonyms: see disregard.

emphatic, a. forcible, forceful, impres-
sive, decided, strong, sig^nificant; spec, in-
tensive, expressive, positive, energetic, im-
equivocal, distinct.
Antonyms: see apathetic.

empire, n. 1. domain (corUextwdl) , domin-
ion (contextiud) , imperium (formal or
hist.).
9. See DOMAIN.

employee, n. employ6, agent (rare or tech.),
help (o collective); spec, man, hand, ser-
vant, clerk. '^Employee" is chiefly U,S.
Antonyms: see employer.

employer, n. governor (slang), boss (cant
or slang), master (chiefly legal).
Antonyms: see employee.

emptiness, n. 1. hollowness, voidness,
vacuity (literary), inanition (chiefly spec),
vacuousness (rare), inanity (rare), va-
cancy, vacantness; spec, exhaustion, de-
pletion, etc.

Antonyms: see fullness.
9. See HOLLOWNESS (of a sound) f hunger.
S. Referring to an empty space: mane (lit-
erary), void (the usvloI word), vacuity (lil-
eraryortech.), hollow; spec, vacuum (tech.),
4. unsubstantiality, vanity, hollowness,
uselcssness; spec, frivolity, vanity, unsat-
isfying, unsatisfactoriness, meaningless-
ness, triviality, unfeelingness, fruitless-
ness, senselessness, insincerity, inanity,
stupidity, etc.

empty, a. 1. hollow, vacant, vacuous
(rare), inane (rare); spec, blank, clear, im-

loaded, unfilled, emptied, exhausted, de-
pleted, distitute, free.

Antonyms: see full.

9. See HOLLOW (of a sound), hungry, de-
void.

S. unsubstantial, vain, useless; spec, void,
foolish, trivial, unsatisfying, meaningless,
frivolous, unfeeling, fruitless, senseless,
insincere, inane, stupid, etc.

Antonyms: see significant, pithy.
empty, v. t. 1. void (literary or tech.), de-
plenish (rare), deplete: spec, buzz (Eng.),
disglut (rare), drink, clear, draw, exhaust,
gut (fig.), evacuate, bottom (rare), drain.

Antonyms: see fill, stuff.

9. See DISCHARGE.

emulate, v, t, rival.

emulation, n. rivaliy, vyin^, competition
(for some specific object), strife.

emulous, a. ill eantnj/; desirous of equaling
or excelling; strifeful; — no exact synonyms.

enable, v. t. empower.
Antonyms: see disable.

enact, v, t, 1. decree, make, pass.
Antonyms: abolish, revoke.
9. See ACT.

enamel, n. ornamentation (contextual),
glaze; spec, cloisonnd (French).

enamor or enamour, v. t. captivate, smite
(chiefly in p. p., *' smitten*'). **Enamor**
takes ''of"; ''captivaU" usually ''vnth."

enchase, v. t. 1. See set, variegate.
9. ornament (contextual); spec, chase, en-
grave, inlay, emboss.

encircle, v. t. 1. surround, embrace, en-
compass, environ; spec, span, twine, ring,
enring (intensive), rim, mfold or enfold,
orb (elevated), loop, inorb (rare), inarch,
necklace.
9. See CIRCUIT.

encore, v. t. recall, call (chiefly in "call
before the curtain* ').

encourage, v. t. 1. animate, strengthen,
hearten, enhearten (intensive), heart (ar-
chaic), fortify, chirrup (chiefly spec.), in-
spirit; spec, reanimate, cheer, abet, em-
bolden, mcite, urge, stimulate, assure, re-
assure, comfort.

Antonyms: see abash, discourage, op-
press, frighten.

9. See APPROVE, AID.

encroach, v. i. advance, accroach (rcare),
trench (esp. of immaterial things), in-

Cross references: see Note.
emotionleBs: ^^un feeling.
emphasising: intensive.
empiric: quack.
emplacement: platform.
employ, n.: use, occupation,

service.
employ, v. t.: occupy.
employment: uxe, occupation,

business, service. [embitter.

empoison: poison, contaminate.

emporium: market, warehouse,

shop.
empower: enable, authorize.
empress: monarch.
empressment: cordiality, de-

monstrativeness.
empyreal: heavenly, fiery.
empyrean: heaven.
emulge: drain.
enable: empower.
encamp: camp.

encase: tncoae.
enceinte: preffnant.
enchain: bind, confine.
enchant: bewitch, oapft'wils,
please. [ttvation.

enchantment: bewitchery, cap-
encomiast: praiser.
encomiastic; laudatory.
encomium: eulogy.
encompass: eurround, eneircie,
encore; again.

t^" See Notes of Explanation.

157

ENCROACHMENT

fringej vpee. usurp (rare), invade, trc&-
pass, intrude.
•noroaobment, n. advaDcemeat, infrin^
ment, infraction, trenching, inroad, m-
vhsion; spec, trespaas, intrusion, purprea-

enoniiib«r, v. I. I. Implying a hindering by
eorn^ing thai burdens, drags upon, dogs.
or the like: cumber, embarrass; spec, bur-
den, hamper, obstruct, hinder.
%. lumber, burden;— to vmgh down urith
whal ia uselee*.
AnUmymM: see unload.
%. burden, charge; spec, mortgage.

•noumbrmnoe, n, 1. cumber (rare), cum-
brance, cumberment (rorel, embarrasa-
ment, clog; spec, burden, hindrance, ob-
struction, tiampcr, baggage.
S. burden, charge; upec, mortgage, debt.

BBOrolopedia, enoFolopndix, n, cyclo-
pedia or cyclopuxiia {Ike lesa usual term),
thesaurus (now rare).

cnojitted, a. bagged, capsuled, saccate

end, n. I, limit, ejttreioity;— in reference to
space, and now only in "ends of the earth."
%. Referring to the terminating part of any-
thing: tip, extremity (the very end), ter-
mination {learned), terminal {cMefty tech.
or fpec.), extreme iliierary or formal),
termuiuB {literary irr formal), desinence
(chiefly spec.; rare); spec, fag-end, hutt or
butt-end, stub, remnant, tail, thrum,
chump, crop {tech.), tag, ravel, fall, foot,
horn, nead.

ArUonyriM: see bboinnino.
Referring to the end or lerminalion of a
course, aeries, etc.: conclusion, termina-
tion, determination (formal), close, clos-
ure (rorSj exe. apee.), stoppage; spec.
finish, fims (Lalin), end-all, period (ar-
chaic), consummation, destruction, an-
nihilation, dis.solution, finale, {Italian;
mumoj, final (music), ending.

Ardanym*: see beoinning.
4. Referring to a termitwivng eeent, act,
etc.: d^auinent (French), catastro]}he,
wind-up (coUoq.), finish-up (rare), finish,
finale Qtalian), ending.

Antonyms: see beoinnino.
■. Spec, (in reference to discourse) exodliim,
catastrophe, finale, (Italian), ending, pero-
ration, epilogue, appendix.

Anbmyms: see bgoinninq.
t. In reference to lapse of lime: period (ar-
chaic^, ending, lapse, expiration, expiry,
tenmnation.

Antonyms: see beoinnino.
7. Referring to the last part of life: evening,
close, extremity (archaic).

ATilonyms: see ikfanct.
8. See DEATH, REaiii;r, obji

end, >'. t. I. terminate (a more formal teard 1
than "end"), conclude (formal); spec, fin- J
ish, stop, close, cease, discontinue, dis- (
solve, abolish, aestroy, annihilate. I

t. To form an end to: terminate, deter- |
mine (formed); spec, head, toil, fetch up.
Ardonyma: see bboin.
>. See EiLL.

«nd, f. i. 1. terminate (more formal than
"end"), conclude (format); spec, finish,
cease, stop, expire, lapse, discontinue, dis-
solve, determine (formal).

Antonyms: see beqih,
9- To cease to exist: spec, go, die, vanish,
disappear, fall,

Aritonyms: see begin.
S. To finish a discourse: close, conclude;
spec, perorate.
AjUonynis: see begin.
4. See DIE, EVENTOATB.

endanKei, v. t. imj>eril, jeopard (rare), ad-
venture (rare), jeopardize, peril (rare),
risk, hazard, jeopardy (rare),' spec, com-
promise.

endBkr, i>, t. No synonyms.

endearor, v. i. try (the common word),
seek, attempt, offer, struggle, strive, es-
say (learned or archaic), labor; jipec. study.

andeavor, n. trial, try, attempt, effort,
struggle, striving essay (archaic or liier-
ary), exertion, otter.

andlBB, n. I. See end, death.
a. In reference to imrds: suffix, postfiic,
termination, terminant (rare).

ending, a. terminating, terminative {rare),
concluding, conclusive (nftsoiesc.}, con-
elusory, determinating, determinative,
etc.; spec, finishing, etc.

endlsss, a. I. Referring to either time cr
space: never-ending (chiefly of limti), in-
terminable, termless (chiefly of time),
boundless, indefinite, indeterminable,
dateless, mterminate, illimitable, unlim-
ited, immeasurable, infinite (c^tener of
space than time), unending (chiefly of

Antonyms: see bh

Antonyms: see brief.

S. See lUMORTAL, CONSTANT, PCRPOSE-

endleit, adv. Spec, interminably, boundr
lessily, indefinitely, infinitely, evermore,
coiiBtanlly, etc,

endow, ri. (. 1, ,Sc(! DOWER (a bride).

I endii

: tongthwi

•Ddmoat: farthat.
«ndac««; indorse.

tS'See Notm dI Eipluutloo.

I' 9. enrich, dow, estate (rare); spec, bene-
I fice, portion, reinvest,
t. enrich (used tpith "uritk"), funuBh, gift
(chiefly in p. p., as an adjeclive).

•ndowment, n. 1. Aii of endowing: dota-
tion (teamed).

S. Referring to property given by way of
endowiTig: fuDd, property, faimdatioD
(U. S.); spec, studentship, fellowahip,
scholarship, professorship, chair (Jig^,
livinA, etc.

S. ^t, power, dower, dowry; s]>ec. abil-
ity; — referring to Tiatural gifts or powers of
mind or body.

•ndne, v. I. indue, clothe, invest; spec, re-
invest, grace; — in reference to permanent
giflt or powers of mind or body,

•ndiuKble, a. bearable, tolerable, sup-
portable, abidable, sustainable, sufTer-
able; spec, withstandable, we&therable,
livable, stomachable.
Anionyms:

•ndnraao*.

^

^

I. The ael of enduxinQ or lasting: bearing,
abiding, support, sustenance Qiookish or
lech.), tolerance (chiefly tech.), standing,
withstanding, durance (arehaie), sulTer-

1. Staying power: backbone, bottom,
■Hud (colioq.); spec, fortitude, constancy,
energy.

4. Tm act of enduring or suffering to be:
tolerance, toleration, abidance, stomach-
;neHS (rare); spec, permission,
. vitality.

•Ddnmnt, a. tolerant, patient {of euU).

•ndnie, v. i. 1. See cotrtimiE.
M. abide, bear, suffer; spec, wear, last.

•ndiue, V. I. 1. Referring to the capacity or
power to suffer unharmed or unimpaired:
tear, abide (literary), support, sustain,
■ufFer, tolerate, coendure (spec.), stand,
withstand, bide (archaic), undergo, stay;
tpee. weather.

diaie): spec, stomach, swallow, pocket,
permit, receive.
■ndwars, endwise, adv. 1. See ufriqht,

LEMOTBWISe.

IL diatad (lech.):— -towards the end,
■n*in>, n. injection (contextual), dyst^r.
tiwmj, n. opponent, adversary, ant-ago-
nist ("opponent," "odversaTy," owl "an-
tagonist not implying Ike illrwHt or via-
laiolence implied by "enemj/"), unfriend
(rare), Philistine (fig-), foe (archaic or
rhetorical, exc. in mS. uae; often a collective
j» mil, use), toeman (archaic or poetic].

hostile (chiefly V. S. and of an American
Indian),- spec, archenemy, Devil.

Antonyms: see friend, ALLt.
eocTKetto, a. active, vigorous, mettlesome,
mighty; spec, hearty, hard, strenuous,
treiichiint, forceful, forcible, strong, pow-
erful, dashing, emphatic, enterprising,
hve, robust; spec, see enterprisino.

Antonyms: see APATHETIC.
encTclie, v. t. potentialize (rare), activate
(lech.; chiefly chem. and biol.). dynamiac
(chiefly med?); spec, animate.

Antonyma: see weaken, enervate.
eneiKT, n. t, action; — not a good synonym.
t. activity, go (coUoq.), vigor, mettle,
spirit, force, might, intensity, dash, life,
animation. Most of these words have
epe^'fic implicatioTis or associatioTia sug-
gested by their general senses.

Ajitonyms: see weakness, weariness.
I. power, force, potency, strength; spec.
impetus, impulse, momentum, vis siva
(lech, Latin), magnetism, electricity.

AntonyTns: see inertia.
4. Only in reference to persons, ideas, etc.:
spirit, vigor, backbone (coUoq.), life, ani-
mation, pith, verve, drive, vim (coUoq!), &si
(coUog.), go (coUog,), go-ahead (colioq.);
spec, see ENTERPRiaB.

Antonyms: see weakness.

I, v.t weaken, devitalize, un-
laralyze, soften; spec, debilitate,

cnfeoSment, n. infeudation, infcftmeat

(Scots law); spec, subinfeudation.
enforoe, ['. t. 1. See compel, i

S. In reference to laws, duty, etc.: execute,

9. elTranchize (rare); spec, naturalisie, en-
denizen (lileraTy).
enlace, v. t. I. See plbdoe.
t, bind, obligate; spec, betroth.
1. .Spec, bespeak, nire, enlist, book, re-
tain, brief, fee.
4. To win over: gain,
t. To seize and hold, fasten upon: oc-
cupy, interest; spec. Isite, arrest, catch,
attract.

Antonyms; see slide.
t. attack, encounter; spec. reSncouoter

re).

. I.

ensase,

PROMISE, ENTER, AGREE, CONTRACT.

B. embark (iiserf vrUh "in"); spec, enlist.
s. interlock, interact; irpec. gear, pitch.

.ralil; t'lTPlujit. dt

p,fM.

anslne, n. 1. .See in8THDMbnt, ueans.
9. 0/ machines for eonverliiig a force i
Tnechanical power itlaa tmui beirig the usi/ai
tente of "engine"): spec. Bteam engine,
electrical enajne, etc., turbine, jinny, cor-
Iba, motor, desel.

t. Of milUary aigwies: spec, matatund,
arbaJeat, ballista, mangonel, lombard,
Bpringal.

eiiKlDeet, n. machinist (catitexiual); spec,
driver, hydmulician, mechanician, pi-

ring to the Church of England), British (i
f erring to vikat is or belongs to Ureal Britain;
now csp. used in referring to political or
imperiid affairs).

BnsUshman, n. Englander, Engliahcr
{chiefly Scot.), John Bull (a nickname),
gringo (Spanish Amer.; amternpiuous);
spec. Harry, Tommy f.alaj\g), milord.

•nKr<iT«> w. '. 1- grave (archaic or poetic),
cut, carve, sculpture, chisel, incise; spec.
intaglio (rare), etcn, enchase, liBtch,
crog^iatch, mezzotint; — in refererux to
forming figures on a surface.
J. See PRINT.

cnfraved, a. graven, sculptured, inciaed,
cut; spec, intagtiatcd.

enCMver. n. graver (rare, exc, of a tool);
spec, die cutter, lapicide, etcher, burin
(a toon.

•ne»vl&c, a, carving, glyptic (chiefly
spec.), sculptural.

enxravliig, n. graving, carving, sculpture
(rare), chiseling; spec, intaglio, glyptog-
raphy, fretwork, chalcography, eerog-
raphy, gypsography, Btylography, petro-
glyph, heliogravure, photogravure, heliog-
raphy; — irt reference to the art or process,
a. graving, carving, sculpture (rare), glyp-
tic (chiefly spec.); spec, intaglio, fretwork,
chaleograph, cut (esp. a woodcut), plate
(one on metal), triptych, diptych, htho-
glyph, laille-douce (French), meniotint,
cerograpb, heliograph, phologravure, heU-
ogravure; — referring to the figure -nrodaced.

•njoy, V. I. 1. hke, rehah, joy (orwiaic).
Anianyms: set disukb.
t. experience, have (some experience).

•n)«7taent, n. I. relish, gusto, gust, Kest,
fruition (literary or dignified).
Antonyms: see disltkb, distress.
S. pleasure, gratification, luxury.

flolaree, v. l. I. increase, extend, triden,
aggrandize (learned), grcaten (arcluiic),
amplify, largen (rare), magnify (rare);
spec, augment, broaden, ream, ddate, dia-
l«nd, drift, thicken, orill, bore (chiefly
wUh "out").
Antonyms: see diminish, ,

2. See'iiAamFY.
enlarge, v. t. 1. increase, expand, widen; J

spec, augment, broaden, dilate, distend, r

9. See EXPATIATE.

enlaicemant. n. 1. increase, estension, j
widening; spee. broadening, aggrandize- ,
ment (Uamed), amplification, au^enta- i
tion, distension, dilatation, expansion.
Antonyms: see abridgement, abstrac

CONDENSATION, DIU1N0TION.

3. Only of a thing formed by an enlarge- !
ment; apec. bulb, knot, ganglion.

«aiMXfiag, a. Spec, expatiatory, cres-
cent, expansive.

enlighten, P. I. 1. See briohten.
2. lighten (archaic), illume (rare or lilrr- \
ary), illuminate (formal), illumine (rare);
spec, educate, civilize, instruct, inform.
A ntonyms:

enllChteDmeDt, n. illumination, light,
lightening; «pec. culture, civilization, edu-
cation, learning.
Antonyms: see IG

enlist, u. I. Of soldiers, etc.: list, enroll,
levy, recruit.

enllvejO, v. t. I. See animate, chebb-
1. animate, exhilarate, actuate (lew^tied),
spirit, inspirit, quicken, quick (arctic),
fee, brisk (chiefly with "up"); apec. spioe,
brighten, elate, reanimate.
Antonyms: see calm, depegsb.

enmity, n. dislike (contextual), ill-will,
animosity; spec, pique; aee haletolemce,

Anianyma: see love.
ennoble, u. t. dignify, exalt, nuse; spee.
grealen (rore), elevate, glorify, nobilitate
(rare), baronize.

Antonyms: see d&orace, depreciate,
ABUSE, depamg.
ennnl, n. tedium, boredom, boreiaia ,
(rore); see WEAmNESS.
j4nto»i^7ns; see vivacitt, oatett.
enormous, a. 1urg<< (roniezfuaZ), titanic,

^ t, immense, eolosaal, gi-
gantic, elephantine, vast, prodigious (Zil-
erary or eonlemplaouis).
ArUonymi: see buaix.
•nilah, f. t. 1. lichen (rare); wpee. million-
iie, endow.
Antonyms: see impovehish, plunder.

nuiohinf, a. locupletive (rare).

•luhilne, V. t. 1. inshrioe (a DoriarU). con-
tain (eoiUextual) ; spec, entemple (rare),
tabernacle, enchase (rare).
9. See

H

%. See BADOB.
analaTe, v. t. 1. enthrall (ehiefiy fig.), slave
(rore), thraU (ardiaic), yoke {figuridii/e),
beslave (emphalic), vaMal (rare); spec.
helotize.
Anlonyms: see free, dblivek.

anilaTed, a, bond.

enaiavament, n. 1. enthraJlment; spec.
vassalage, serfage, serfdom.
Anionffms; see fhbbino.

•ntkll, n. tail, tailye or tailzie (Scot).

•ntaHKl*! "■ (. t. In a physicat sense: tan-
gle, ravel, perplex (rare), involve, em-
brangle (literary); spec, meah, enlace, in-
mesh, entrap, mat.
Antonyms: tec disbntanqi.ii, unravel.

«ituisled,a. complex, foul {chiefly navi.),
afoul (predicaiiiie).

•ntuiclemeiit, n. 1. tangle, maze, em-
branglement (literary), ravelment (rare),
involvement, intertanglement (rare), per-
plexity, cobweb (implying fiiieneaa); spec.
node, knot.
a. See CONCISION.
•ater, u. i. 1. To go or come in: spec, pierce,
penetrate.

Antonyms: see issue.
t. To go (into) a subject-matt^, book, etc.:
^p, dive.

1. To become brmed, occupied, etc.: en-
spec, start, go (used vrilk "into").
0. (. t. /n a phytical sense: spec.
metrate, pierce, trespass, invade, board
ship or, U, S., a rauroaa train), force.

citaic); spec.

1. energy, push (t
loq.).
Antonyms: ua laziness.
enterprislQE, a. energetic, go-ahead (col-
log.), pushing (coKogJ, pushful (calloq,).
Anlanyms: see lazt.
entertain, v. I. t. receive, hoapitize (rare);
spec, harbor, guest (rare), shelter.
9. Referring to opinions, etc.; hold, cher-
ish, bear, have; epec, n
Antonyms:

1. See DIVER

treat (coUog.), regale (literary); spec.

fSte, breakfast, dine, dinnei

supper (rare),
entertainer, n. Spec, hoapitator (rare),

harborer (archaic), host, hostess.
Antonyjns: see sponger.
entertainment, n. I. reception; spec, hos-

pitation (rore), harboring.

S. treat (coUoq.). r^alement; spec, i&te,
Friday, gaudy (Eng.), refection, lunch,
t£a, dinner, spread (couog.), banquet, sup-
j»er, breakfast, beanfeast (Bng.).

enthrone, H. I. regalise (apec. or fig.),
throne, seat (contextual).
Antonyms: see depose.

enthuse, v. i. rave (colioq.), kindle; spec.
poetize, warm, fanaticize. "Enthuse ia
either huTnoroits or vulgar.

entloa, u. (. attract, tempt, train (rare), al-
lure, lure; spec, wiie, decoy, i — ■-'
Antonyms: see repel, i

enticement, n. attraction, allurement,
temptation, lure; sjkc. decoy.

entlolac a. attractive, inviting, alluring,
tempting, soUciting; epee. decoying. "En-
tice implies success in allurement; "etUio-
ing" does not.
Antonyms: see repellent.

entirety, n. ontireness, wholeness, in-
tegrality, integrity.

entitle, u. t. I. intitule (chiefly tech.), be-
title (derogatory).
8. See QiTALirr, name.

entrails, n. pi. 1. viscera (now rare), insides
(coUoq. or dial.), guts (now vulgar, or col-
log, as fy.), intestines, puddings (chiefly
dial, and Scot.). The siriguiar form, "en-
IraU," is rare.

entrain, v. t. board.

ENTRANCE

•ntimnee, n. 1. Referring to the aetian: en-
try, ingress (literary), mgresaion (rare),
entrte {French), incomine, ingoing, income
(rare); gpee. iliapse (rare), tr^pass, d^but
(in loeiety: FrentA) .
ATilimyms: see issue.
fl. Referring to the pririlege or right: ad-
miaaion, access, entree (.French).
%. Referring to the place or means of enter-
ing: entry, aperture, ingreas; Bj>ee, door,
mouth, inlet, doorway, adit, vestibule,
hallway, lobby, propvlon, propylieum,
porte-cochfire (FreiicA), postem, gorge
IfortificaHon), gat«, forogate, stile.
Antonyms: see exit,

estry, n. 1. i^ee entrance.
S. listing; spec, registry, re^stration,
post, posting, credit.

enrelapB, n. covering, inclosure (literary
or elevated); spec, incasement, casement
(rare), casing (close), mantle, involucre,
pack, capsule, film, skin, integument, fac-
ing, mantling, shroud, vesture (rare),
perianth, miat, veil, konseal, wrap,

BiiTelopfli II. I. cover, wrap (ckiefly spec.);
spec, invest, overroU, pack, jacket, en-
shroud, infold or eiifold, web, shroud,
mantle, involve, encompass.

envlou*, a. jealous, grudging.

enT?, V. t, grudge, begrudge.

enry, n. grudgingness, grudging, jealousy,

•phemenl, a. short-lived; spec, fugitive,
occasional, mushroom, fungous.
Anlonymt: see eternal, lasting, lono-

•ple, a, epopcean (rare); spec. Homeric.

eplo, n. epopee (rare), epopceia (archaic),
epos; spec. Homeric, Iliad, rhapsody,
Dunclad.

•plonrs, n. epicurean, palatist (rare), op-
Bopba<ist (rare), delpnosophist (leroTted),
anatologist (learned), bon vivant (masc;
French), bonne vivsnte (fern.; French),
gourmet (French], gourmand.

•plaoopBoy, n. I. pontificatity (rare), prel-
acy (hostile term), prelatism {hoslile term).

«pUo«paI, a, pontifical or pontific (chiefif/
hist, or spec.), prelatical or prelntic (chiefly
a hoKlile lent}.

«pl«oopallau, n, prelatiat (a hostile term).

eplaoUtlo, n. Spec, murrain. "Epizodtie^' .
is used of animal diseases only, oncj corr*- '
sponds to "epidemic" as applied to man,

equal, a. 1. alike (poslposUive), like; spec
coordinate, level, coequal (rare), com-
mensurate, coextensive, parallel, corre-
sponding, equipollent (learned), equiv-
alent, equiponderant (rare), qmts (used
jBith "viilh"), even, isopsephic (rare; tick.),
iBooomio (rare), coeval, ooetaneoue, co-
eternal, identical, tantamount, equtpo-
tential, isotropic, isotopic.
A nlonyms: see unequal.

t. See ADEQUATE, IMPARTIAL.

equal, n. fellow, match, peer, compeer (HI'
erary): sjtec. coordinate, parallel, counter-
vail, equivalent.

equal, E. I. 1. See equalize.
a. match, even (rare), fellow (xised vnlh

allel, number.

equality, n. parity, equalization, equation
(tech. or gpfc), egftlity (obs. or frencA), par
(chiefly in "on a par"), level; spec, match,
equivalence, p^rdom (rare), equipol-
lencc, equipoise, tie, coevahty (rare), co-
equality, owelty (Uao), identity, isopolity,
isonomy, equilibrium, isotopy, panu-
lei ism.
Antonyms: see iNEQUALmf.

equaliiatlon, n. I, equaling, equatJon.
3. See EQUALITY.

equalise, v. t. equal, equate (chiefly math.),
even; spec, par (rare), coSrdinate.

equally, aih. alike, evenly, indiSerently
(chiefly spec.).

equal-aided, a. Spec, isosceles.

eqaanlmlty, n. 1. evenness (of temper).
». See CALUNESS.

equeitrlan, a. mounted.

equine, a. caballine (rare; literary), hippio
(rare), solidungulate (tech.).

equine, n, hor^e, solidungulate (leek.),
soliped (tech.).

eDtranolnc:

I

I

k

n^iilp, V. t. furnisli, outfit, provide; spec.
I baraeaa (archaic), accouter, appoint,

^

!, n. turnout (cotloq.).

int, n, I, RKfarring to the action:

\ lumishing, accoutenag, accoutennent,
'page, provision, appointment.
Uffning to thing: furniture, fumish-
I ings, tftclde (ehiefiy svec.), gear (chiefiy

re), harness {eap. mil.); »pec. apparatuH,
nt, accoutennent {often in pi,), dress,
I fitting (chiefly in pi,), appointment, oul^
I fit, rigging, ri^, armament (cAie^ymil.).
P'«r«it, a, upright, unrccumbent (rare),
Btroight, vertical, perpendicular.
AnSmyrru: set dboopinq, stooping.
•EBOt, i>. (. 1. raise, rear: spec, pitch, prick,
ruffie, perfect, pedestal.
Anlimyms: see droop.

TABU3H.

•reot, V. i. rise; see bristle.
•raotloD, n. I. raising, rearing, ele.
I. See BOtLDlNO, CONSTRUCTION, CRBA-

nod*, V, t, destroy {conUxttud), eat, wear,
, fret {away); spec, rub {uaed

•Eoiloii,n destruction (nmtezIuaOi eating,
COBBumption (rare),- spec, denudation, fret
(rare), eolation {geol.), waahout, watergaU
{imiy of the place eroded).

•IT, e, i. mistake, nod, slip (often used mlk
"up"), trip; spec, fall, wander, stray,
stumble, blunder, hallucinate, misbe-
lieve, sin, bull (urilh "it" as ol^ect).

business (contextum), commia-

•rrotievus, a. false, untrue, mistaken
(used onl]/ of persong), erring (used only of
persona), errant {rare); spec, fallacious,
devious, misguided (used only of persons).

Antonyma: see true.
mor, n. Spec, erroneousness, obliquity,
mistake, solecism, bfvue {French), ab-
flurdity, blunder, wrong, parepochism
(rare), parachronism, comgenduni, fault,
erratum, errancy, trip, stumble, slip, fal-

lacy, flaw, misbelief, metachroniam, mifr

print, untruth, misstep,
Anionymt: see troth.
erupt, V. t. eject, belch; spec, {of imlaanoes)

vesuviate (rare),
AtUonyms: see swallow.
eruption, n. 1. See ejection, outbreak.

2. Spec, efBorcBcence, raah, erythema,

brash, blain, exanthema, tetter, vesitle,

blotch, malanders or tnallenders, eczema,

hives, heat.
esoApe, f. i. 1. scape (archaic), evade {now

rare); spec, fly, slip, riiB, decamp, double.

). See ISSUE, leak.
eacapa, n. 1. scape (archaic), escapement

(rare), scapement (rare); spec, avoidance,

bolt, evasion (from amfinemenl; rare).

a. See ISSUE, odtlet, ootflow, leak.

I. attendant, companion, conductor
spec, cavalier, burkundaz {Anglo-lndutn),
psychopomp, sale-conduct, convoy, en-
voy, gallant, squire, esquire, bodyguard.

BHCort, V. t. accompany {amtexCual) : spec.
gallant, squire, conduct; spec, marshal,
convoy, guard, walk, support, hand.

esoutoheon, n. achievement, scutcheon;
spec, shield, hatchment, inescutcheon.

cspeolal, a, special, particular; seesPBCiAL,

UNCOMMON,

Antonyms: see coumon.
flBplanads, n. maidan (Anglo-Indian);

spec, marina (Italian and Spanish), bund

{in the far Bast).
esquire, n. I. armiger, squire.

S. See GENTLEMAN, OWNER, SQUIRE, EB-
COHT.

eiienoe, n. 1. See be:

S. (juiddity (learned), isneas (rare), hypos-
tasis {tech.)i principle, hyparxis (tech.;
rare), form, inwardness.
1. With varioTis special implications sug-
gested by (he original senses: sense, pst,
core, kernel, marrow, pith, elixir, quintes-
sence, flower, soul, spirit, life, heart, sub-

Mienttal, a. Spec, substantial, indispen-
sable, constituting, constitutional, inward,

fundameatol, elementary, vital; see nec-

(■■cntl&l, n. subatantia!, secret, life, vi-
tafs (pi.).
Anionynu: see ACCBsaoRT, accident.

•■tabUBh, V, t. 1. confirm, fix, settle, sta-
biliTy (rare), atabilitate (rare), stabliah
(arehaie), stable (rare), secure, set, finn;
spec, sustain, Instate, domicile or domi-
ciliate (chiefiy legal), nome. install, pitch,
root, rear, land idang or coUoq.), ensconce,
ground, foot (rare), make.
Antonyrne: see weaken, aboush.
•• found, institute, constitute, create,
erect {ekiejiy spec), make (as an order,
ruie, tic.), raise, plant; spec, ordain (or-
cAaic), organize, build, appiont, ground.
Anb>nymB: sue abolisb,
S, Sec CDNFiau.

eatabllshmeiit, n. 1. confirmation, fix,
settlement, fixation, stabliahment (rare),
securement, firming.

I. creation, constitution, plantation
(rare), institution, erection, foundation,
stabiUment (rare); spec, instatement
(rare), organization, installment, inalalla-
tion, upbuilding, omainment.
t. creation, iiwtitution, concern; spec, or-
ganization, works (pi.), dwelling, church,
school, college, plant.

•atate, n. I. See state, rank, propbiht.
9. Sjxc. demesne, lordship, revf^raion,
domain, feu, feud, curtesy, meanalty,
jointure, lay fee, leasehold, dower, plan-
tation, hacienda (Spanish), term, free-
hold.

•■teem, v. 1. 1. See consider.
I. Tea|>ect, prize, regard, favor, admire,
appreciate; spec, revere, reverence, ven-
erate, worship.
Antonyms: see dbbpibe, disrespect.

I. respect, regard, favor, admiration, es-
timation; spec, reverence, worship.
AnUmffma:

•■tranfe, if. t. t. See

a. alienate, disunite.
ATttonyms: see WIN.
eituMr, n. arm (eontexlual), frith, firth,

lough (ATtglo-Irish).
•tohlns, n. 1. See corrosion.

2. engraving (eonlexlual); spec.
(Eiig!), aquatint.
eternal, a. I. perpetual, timeless, endless,
sempitcmous (rare), sempiternal, ever-
lasting, eviternal (chiefiy spec.; rare),
eteme (arehaie or poetic); spec, coetemu.
AnUmyias: see epheueral, brigp, iew-

PORABY.

a. See CONSTANT, ENDLESS.

etamoUaa, v. t. perpetuate, immortaliao,
eternize; spec, monument, monumental-

stemally, adv. perpetually, evermore (ar-
chaic), forever, everlastingly, ever (liter-
ary or archaic).

eternitr, n. I, perpetuity, etemalneas,
everlastingnesB, timelessness, endleasnces,
scmpitermty; spec, coeteraity.
AnionyTtia: see uoubnt.

ethereal, a. I. iSee airt, heavenly.
a. delicate (conlextual) ; spec, hght, tenu-
ous, fragile, fiimsy, fairy.
Antonyms: see earthly, BODILY.

etblos, n. sing. & pi. morals (pi.), morality;
spec, bedonics, eudemonism.

etymoIoBri "• derivation, pedigree (Jfe.).

eucharlit, n. 1. Commumon, Mass,
Housel (hisl.), Oblation; spec, liturgy,
viaticum.
S. Mass, Element.

euhoe, inierj. evoe (Lalin; less correct than
"eukoe"); spec, eureka, hurra or hurrah,
bravo. "Eukoe" is Laixn; there is no single-
tpord English equivalenL
Antonyms: sec alas.

enloflat, n. praiser (which eee), encomiast,!
panegyrist; spec, laureate.

euioEiie, V. t. approve (eoniextuid), prais^l
compliment, panegyrize.

euloKTi "■ culogium, culofpam (rare), ap-
proval, praise, panegyric, ' — "

spec, monody (rare).
Antonyms: see abuse.

euphemlitlo, a. soft («m(ezfual), euphe-
moua (ruTe); spec, extenuatory.

evacuate, u. t. 1. empty, clear; spec, (re-
ferring to the bowels) purge, scour, emp^.
Antonyms: see fill, occupy,
>. See leave.

>. eject (conlexlval) ; spec. (esp. refernagm
to excrement) discharge, defecate, void.

evacuate, f. I. defecaU.

evacuation, n. I. clearing, discharge; spec J
{Tcferring to the bowels) passage, motioo, M
purgation, catharsis,

8. See LEAVING (cf, LKAVe).

I
I

I

^eNol.

eittante: alim
«toh : corrode.

EXACTING

evade, v. t. avoid, elude; spec, dodge, bilk,
bluff, funk (slang).

evaporate, v, i, & L emanate, vaporize,
volatilize; sj>ec, distill.
Antonyms: see condense, solidify.

evasion, n. 1. avoidance, elusion; spec.
bhufflins, double, doubling, dodge, bluff-
ing, fuimng {slang),

9. deceit, subterfuge, shuffle, put-off (coU
loq.)^ shift; spec, dodge, prevarication,
tergiversation.

evasive, o. deceitful (contexttud), slippery;
spec, dodgy (coUpq.), tergiversant (rare),
prevaricative, shifty.

even, a. 1. Referring to adjoining sur-
faces: level, equal (archaic), smooth, flat,
regular; spec, flush.
Antonyms: see uneven, ibregular.

8. Referring to the temper, motion, action,
etc.: uniform, regular, equal, level, smooth;
spec, equable, easy (coUoq.); see even-
tempered.

S. See EQUAL, ABREAST, IMPARTIAL.

even, v. t. level, smooth; spec, scabble or
scapple, grade, float.

even, adv. just (often iised with "now'*),
yet.

evening* n. eve (poetic or rhetorical), even
(poetic, dial., or coUoq.).
Antonyms: see morning.

evening:* a. vesperal (rare), vespertine (lit-
erary), vesper tmal (rare).

evening star. Vesper, Hesper (poetic),
Hesperus (literary or learned).
ArUonyms: see morning star.

event, n. 1. See occurrence.

9. result, conclusion, issue, end, sequel,
outcome, hap (esp. archaic); spec, turn-up
(coUoq.), futurity.

Antonyms: see beginning.
even-tempered, a. even (chiefly literary),

equable, equanimous, equal.
Antonyms: see irritable.
eventful, a. 1. chanceful (rare), full (con-

textual).
Antonyms: see uneventful.

9. See important.
eventuate, v. i. end, conclude, issue; spec,

result.
eversion, n. extroversion (tech.), exstrophy

(tech.; rare).
every, a. each.

everyday, a. customary (contextual), ac-
customed (contextual), workaday; spec.

commonplace, homely.

everirwhere, ado. throughout, passim
(Latin),
ArUonyms: see nowhere.

evidence, n. att^tation, token, stamp,
testimony (properly spec,), witness (spec,
or fig.); spec, demonstration, record, muni-
ments (pi.), voucher, deposition, proof,
trace.

evidence, v. t. attest, support, tell; spec.
circumstantiate, certificate, show, prove,
confess (poetic), document, vouch, testify.

eyidency, n. apparency, evidence (rare),
indubitableness, obviousness, palpi^le-
ness, seemingness, plainness.

evident, a. 1. apparent, plain, obvious,
broad, unmistakable, palpable (spiec, or
fig.), patent, open, naked, conspicuous
(rare), manifest, distinct, clear, bald, im-
hidden (rare), downright, overt.
Antonyms: see abstruse.

9. See VISIBLE, APPARENT.

evil, n. 1. See wickedness.

9. With "a" or ''an": harm, ill, curse,

blast, bale (now chiefly poetic), cancer

(fig.), canker C^.), bane, disease, male-

fice (archaic).
Antonyms: see good.
evildoer, n. malfeasant (learned or tech,),

malefactor (esp. criminally), malef actress

(fern.).
evildoins, a. malfeasant (learned or tech.),

malefactory, maleficent.
Antonyms: see beneficent.
evocate, v. t, evoke, ehcit; spec, exorcize

(rare), invoke.
evoke, v. t. evocate, call; see elicit.
evolution, n. 1. development (contextual);

spec, phylogeny, ontogeny, ontogenesis,

physiogeny, phylogenesis.

9. See MOVEMENT, FIGURE (dandng),
evolutionism, n. Spec. Darwinism, Heck-

elism, Lamarkism.
ewe, n. sheep (contextual) ; spec, crocodile

(dial.), crock (chiefly Scot.),
exact, a. 1. See strict, accurate, defi-
nite.

9. precise, diametric (opposite), absolute,

direct; spec, express (chiefly with allusion

to Heb. i. S, as in, *Hhe express image").

S. delicate, accurate, precise, nice, fine;

spec, sensitive, true.
exact, V, t, 1. See ask, extort.

9. take (vengeance, etc.), have.
exacting* a> i* 'S^^ critical, difficuut.

9. extortionary, extortive, exactive.

13^ Cross references: see Note.
evade: escape.
enuiMoe: disappear.
•TanMoenoe: disappeararice,

transience.
•▼anesoent: transient.
•▼angel: gospel.
eTanish: disappear.

•▼aporatlve: volatile.
erentual: firud.
•▼entuallty: occurrence.
ever: always, once, eternally.
•▼erlastinc: endless, etatuUt

constant,

ever more: constarUly, endleady.
•very thine: aU.

•▼lot: eject.
•▼lotion: ejection.
•▼U, a.: wicked, harmful. Ml"
jurious, malevolent.
•▼11-looklnc: ugly.
•▼Inc^: disdose, show.
•▼Isoorat^: dieembowd.
•▼olv^: develop, emiL

12

K^" See Not^t of Eji^Unatien.

165

•SMitlon, n. 1. Sa deuand.
S. extortion, squeeze (eolUiq.), requisi-
tion; ipee. mulct, contribution.

•Kftotlrt o^- jUBt, even {ckiejiy arehair
or Bibtieal), precisely, full, fully, quite,

Etumb or plum; epee. flat, faithfully,
teraJly.
exaotneiB, n. 1. See btrictkesb, accu-
racy, DBFlNlTtNBBS.

%. delicai^, nicety, precision, accuracy;
Bpee. sensitiveness, trueness.

•■•((•rata, i>. (. magnify, enhance, stretch
(ooSo?.); tpee. overspeat (rare), overpic-
ture (rare), overdraw, overteU (rare),
overdo, overstate, overcolor, overcharge,
romance, hyperbolize (r/ietorie).
Antonyms: see beuttlb.

•xucermtfld, a. hyperbolical (rAetor-ic),
outrS (frencft), tail (eoOoq., U. S.), ovcr-

•asnaratlaii, n. excess, enhsiDcement;
spec, hyperbole (rhetmic), overstatement.

•xmlted, a. S-pec. elevated, elated, high,
lofty, highflown (chiefly disparaging),
magnificent, magnific, sublime, magntfi-
cal, proud, lordly ; spec, biiakined.
Antonyms: see low, DEoaADED, oeaBN-

•SADilitAtlon, n. ). inspection, scrutiny,
inreetigation, search, research (esp. spec.),
exploration, scrutation (rare), scan (Tare),
perusal (archaic), survey, examen (rare or
tech.); spec, review, teat, disquisition
(rare), probation ((/. 5. or obe.), collation,
overhaiil (rare), consideration (archaic),
reconnaissance or reconnoissance, perscru-
tation (rare), assay, post-mortem, prying.
S. inquiry, interrogation, inquisition;
epec. catechism, collcctiona (pi.; Eng.
achoolt)f school (Or/. Vnifersity), tripos,
respoDsions (pi.), exercise, little go (Eng.),
great go or greats (Erig ).

exKinIn*, «. I. <£ i. t. investigate, inspect,
scrutinize, peruse (archaic), dissect, ex-
aminate (literary), consider (archaic),
overlook, search, scan, introspect (pri-
marily spec.; rare), overhaul, survey; epec.
coUatfi, mmraaae, explore, reconnoiter,
ransack, probe (as a wound), canvass, re-
view, bottom, feci, bolt, sift, snitT, try,
test, candle, anatomize.
S. question, interrogate, cross-examine
(im'^ying repealed and dose questioning),
quis (f. S.j, catechize; spec, pry (v. i.
only), sound (in order to gel the vievia of,
etc.), probe.

Is, n. 1. One thai serves to itliistrale:

sample, specimen, piece, instance eo
representative, illustration, exemplar,
say, exempli Scution (formal); spec, de
onstrat*, monument.
S, One that servea as a modft or pattern:

fiattem, sample, type, standard, model.
oregoer (orcAoic); spec, sampler, leaa
(pron. ied).

represent, illustrate.

S. form (contextual); spec, dig, burrow,
delve (archaic), hole, drive, dnft, groove.
esosTmUoii, n. cavity (conlexlualj, hole
(contezlital); spec, burrow, cutting, delve
(itieror^), pit, den, digging, beardV mine,
shaft, stope, quarry, tffijt, drive, counter-
exceed, V
overgo (rore),
stretch.

I. surpass, transcend, excel, overpeer
(rare), outpeer (rare), cap, ding (archaic
or dial.); spec, outdo, puss (rare), outgo,
outreach (rare or iiaut.), break, out-
Herod, outstrip, outplay.
•xceed, u. t. Spec, surpass, excel, over-
abound.
flzasUenoe, n. worth, virtue, perfection, ex-
cellency, fineness, goodness (rare), grace,
superiority; spec, preeminence, greatness,

Aniimymi: gee fault.
•leellent, a. admirable, worthy, splendid
(oUoq.), tiptop (coUoq.), superexcellent,
brave, choice, first-rate, transcendent, ex-
quisite, prime, slorling, superordinarv,
unexceptionable, divine (fig.), heavenly
(fig.), crack (slang or coKog.), grand (cc*-
loq.), ETeat (chiefly U. S, and eoUtig.), ad-
mirable, golden, jolly (coUoQ.), rum (cant),
surpassing, extreme.

Antonyms:

exoept, V. I. exclude, omit; «pec. reserve,
torprize (rore).
Antonyms: see inclddb.

fliccpt, preji. unless, saving, save, but, ex-
cepting, batting (obsolescent or literary).

sioepUon, n. I. exclusion, omission; spec.
reservation, limitation, reserve, forprise
(rare), salve
t. .See OBJE

•(••■a, n. I. excessiveneas, immoderation,
immoderacy (rare), immodcrateness, su- '
perabun dance, exuberance, exuberancy.

I
I
I

t^' Croix referenal: BK Nolt.

IS* a« Not« Dt Eiptanation.

■uper6iuty, inordinacy (rare), inordinatc-
s, extremiam (rare), extremeneBs, tran-
ce, traascendoncy; spec. Caligii-
1 (j^-)i extravagance, extravagancy,

-.remity, extreme, exorbitance, exorbi-

ucy, fulaomeneas, unrestraint, nimicty,
_ sdundonoe, exundanca {rare), overabua-
dance, overmuchneas (rare), Huperflaenoe
fyirn), violence, uorcaaoDubleDcss.

Anionyntt: see coNSTauDT.
a. Unerring to the thing ihal is in eicess,
orlothe degree oj exceaa: Buperabundaocc.
redundancy, plethora, overmuch (rare),
superfluity, BU|ierflux (,Tare), surfeit, sur-
plus, Burpluaage, overplus; spec, oversup-
ply, overflow, flood, overstock, glut,
over, extra, plurality, epact {aatron.),
overweight, majority.

Antonj/ras; see deficienct.
1. Referring to exceei in indigence: im-
moderation, intemperance {chiefly spec);
tpec. crapulence (learned).
■uKiilTa, a. immoderate, inordinate, ex-
travagant; spec, extreme, exorbitant,
nimiaua {chiefly Scots law), exuberant,
Buperabundant, exundant (rare), over-
Kreat, overlarEe, redundant, overmuch,
fulsome, deadly {eoUoq.), undue, tran-
scendent, unreasonable, outrageous, au-
pemumerary, woundy {cMloq.; archaic),
overdone, overflowing, auperfluoua, sur-
plus, spare, dithyrambic {literary), devil-
lah, fiendish, cruel, etc.

Antanyma: see

U. S.), ultra- (in compounds, as in "uUra^
amserwUiiie"), conaumedly {literary and
offeded), over, too, etc.

•xohanKOi n. 1. change (conleilTiai); spec.
interchange, conversion, commutation,
reciprocation, transposal, transposition,
substitution, barter, cambism, shuffle.
S. ^emium, agio, batta {Anglo-Indian).
>. Referring to the business place: apec.
diange (the farm '"change," as in "on
'change, is due to an erroneous supposi-
tion) , bourse, market, rialto (rare) , bazaar,
fair.

•aohSiiiK*. V. I. change {contextual): spec.
interchange, reciprocate, commute, sub-
stitute, transpose, tranenift (rare), coun-
terchange, barter, bandy.

•zohmncaable, a. changeable (conlexlu^),
oommutable, interchangeable.

wcb«, p. (. To cui off: remove (conleil-
uoi), excide (rare), exscind (chiefly literary
or fig), exsect {rare); apee. resect, efface.

». cutting, exscision {chiefly titer-

■g,), exaection {rare); spec, resec-

^^^K •udtable.

brained, hot-headed, inflammable, in-
flammatory (rore).
Antonyms: see trNExciTABu:.

«clt«tloiii n. 1. The act or action: causing,
arousing, rousing, provocation {eap. spec.),
excitement (rore); apec. electrification
{o/lenfig.), incendianam.
a. See excitement.

■zoltatl*«, a. excitive, excitory, inflamma-
tory {asuatlu spec); spe4. incendiary {fig.),
irritative (chiefly bioQ.

eidte, f. t, actuate (Itamed), move, cause
call {used with "up," "into activity," etc.),
raise, rouse, arouse, waken, awake,
awaken, stimulate, incite, inflame, sum-
mon (used wUh "into activily," etc.), in-
spire, <]uicken, inebriate {flg.)^ stir, be-
stir, kittle (Scot.), disturb, kmdie, im-
passion, enchafe (archaic). Are, electrify
{.often fin.), ferment (fig.), whet, irritate
{diiefly biol.), impel, prompt, provoke,
anger, agitate, heat, elate, enlrenzy {rare);
— noslly idiomatic or specific.
A/Uonyms: see calu.

fliolted, a. nervous, ebulhent (rare),
heated; spec, incensed, intoxicated, fren-
zied, fevered, feverish, restless, hot, tense,
delirious, frantic, wild.
Antonyms: see apathetic, calm, belp-

exdtement, n. The alale or feelitig: exakit'
tion, disturbance, tension, activity, bustle
{callnq,), ferment, fermentation {fig.),
heydey (litt^ary), iacensement (rare);
spec, intoxication, inebriation (rare), heat,
ebullience {learned), ebullition (learned),
inflammation, overwork, irritation (chief-
ly biol.), stir, breeie, flurry, flutter, ruffle,
agitation, elation, erethism, delirium, hus-
tle, franticncss, electrification {often fig.).
Anionyms: see apatht, calm, seu-

exoltini^, a. disturbing, electric (fi^.), stir-
ring, incentive, pre vocative, excitant
(rare), etc
Antonyms: see caluativb, sedativb.

eiolaltn, v. I. & i. shout, cry, ejaculate,
vociferate, reclaim (rare), conclamate
(rare),- apec. wail, howl (chiefly contempfti-
ous), ululate (rare), exululate (rore), hoot
{often fig. in contempt), hoop, hoUo, hol-
low, holla, Hhrill, outshrill {jxietic), whew.

exolamatlon, n. 1. shout, cry, interjection,
vociferation; spec, howl (chiefly in eon-
tempi), ululation, ecphonesis {rketoricai;
rare), bounce.

t. A toord eaxlaimed: spec, interjection.
"" numberless exclamations; a few

irritable, hot-

t^" See MolM ot EipUiutlim.

BXCLAMATORT

bravo, marry (areluiic), he, ho, hii;, hey.
hey-ho, hi, heyday, whoop-la, why, zounds
(arehaie), yoicka, haw, huh, hoo, evviva
(Ibdian), evoe (teamed), hoeaiina, alas,
gramercy, hist, whist, eureka, ugh, Lwa:)g,
tush, tut, whew.

•xeUiinBitorr. a. interjectional, iaterjec-
tionary {rare), interjeototy.

•sclad*, V. t. 1. debar, bar; spec, prohibit,
lock (often uaed wifA "out"), out, prevent,
blackball, ostracize.

Antonyms:
1. See EXPEL.

excluston, n. 1. debarring, debarrance
(rare), debarration (rare), barring, debar-
ment; spec, prohibition, precluaion, pre-
vention, lock-out, ostracism, disfellow-
Bhip (rare).
J. See BXPTJLSiON.

exdnilTe, a. 1. excluding, sole, exclusory;
spec, prohibitive, preclusive, preventive.
Antony nu: see iNCLtrslVE.
S. Spec, clanniah, cliquish.
Antonyms: see common.

ezoaminanlDate, b. t. expel, curse, un-
church.

•locftniaut, n. dirt (obsolescent), ordure
(ieomerf), dung (mno cant or iTtelegarU),
feces or fieces (chiefly tech.), dejection
(rare), dejecture (rare), rejectamenta (pi.;
rare), egesta (pi.; tech.), soil (esp. in
"night soil"), egeation (rore); spec, bxit-
tons(pi.), tvimet, stool, fraas, cast, crottels
(pi.), nants (pi.). "Excrement" is learned
oTteek.

eicrcBceaoe, n. outerowth; spec, append-
age, burr, knot, wolf, gall, horn, fungus,
nail, condyloma, wart, caruncle, lump,
sitfast.

•lereioeiit, a. outgrowing; spec, super-
fluous.

ezorste, v. t. eicpel, discharge, pass, egest
(rare); spec, evacuate, eliminate, defecate.
Antonyms: see ass lui late.

•soretioa, n. citpulaion, dbcharge, eges-
tion (rare); spec, elimination, evacuation,
dejection, diruesis, perspiration, metasyn-
criais imed.), saUva, bile, etc.
Antonyms: see secretion.

•soretltlaus, a. expulaory, excrementi-
tious, excreroentitionary; spec, evacuant,
dejectory, depurative, emunctory.

eiouTiloD, n. I. The ad or action: expedi-
tion; spec. BB.lly, trip.
9. journey, trip; spec, outing, ride, voy-

age, sail,

S. See DEVIATION, DICRESSION.

exourslonlit, n. Spec, tripper {eoltoq.)^
tourist, voyager, rambler, walker, driver,
rider, f(c.

excusable, a. allowable, dispensable (ar-
chaic), defensible, pardonable, venial,
Ankmyms: see unpardonable, in

eiouBstoiy, a. dispensative, dispensatory,
excusative, apologetic.

ezonie, n. 1. defense, excusal (rore), par-
don, remission, remittal (rare); spec, apol-
o^, condonation, extenuation, justifica-
tion, indulgence, forgiveness, oispensar
tion, essoin (taw), amnesty.
a. Tlie thing offered by vxiy of exewie: pliM, I
defense; spec, justification,
ground, apology, color.
Antonyms: see punishment.

exouse, v. t. 1. pardon, remit, overlook;
spec, condone, forgive, extenuate, essoin,
dispense, justify, furlou^
AnlonyTne: Bee punish.
9. See TREE.

eieoute, v. I. 1. To carry <fut. as a plan,
purpose, eommand: perform, do, effectuate,
effect; spec, enforce, fulfill, wreck (wen-
geonca) ; see accoupubh, fill.
3; To go through actions, operations, moiie-
tnenis, etc., e07isti(uting: do (as a dance, a
aomersaull), perform; spec. perpetra,te (tu
a joke; colloq.), play (as a iride), turn (a
handspring); tee finish.
t. niflltB (a deed, conveyance, vHU).

4. i^ee UAKS.

5. kill (contextual); spec, garrote, ii
behead, draw, decimate, crucify,

tine, hang, gibbet, shoot, strangle, f ,

electrocute (a word often condemned a*
barbarous bui which appears to have estofr-
tiabed itself).

execution, n. 1. doing, eftecting, effectuat-
ing, performance; spec, enforcement, fill-

B. doing, performance; spec, perpetration
(eoUog.), playing.

S. THe manner of executing: spec, pianism
(cant), mechanism, tedinique, touch,

4. killing (eontextuoT); spec, auto-da-^6
(Portuguese), noyade (French), decima-
tion, guillotjnade, euthanasia, crucifixion,
hanging, strangling, electrocution (le*
"electrocute," under execute).
executioner, n. killer (cnnlexttiol), destlw-

I
I

I
I

a Hots* of Exfflanatleu.

EXPANDED

man {rcare or literary); spec, headsman,
hangman, camifix. lictor (Roman antiq.),
Jack Ketch {hist.)^ tormentor (a Latin-
ism) ^ slaughterman (rare).

•zttcutor, n. doer, accomplisher, perform-
er, executive (chiefly spec.),

•zesesis, n. exposition.

ezeroise, n. 1. The act or action: exertion
(cap. with conscioiLS effort or force) , exerci-
tation (learned), use, practice (often spec.)^
working, operation; spec, play, plying,
wielding, breather, breath.
8. The course of exercise: training, prac-
tice, drill, drilling, discipline; spec, goose-
step, school; see training.
S. The act of showing or of putting into prac-
tice: use, practice, having, exhibition.

4. /Sec AGITATION.

S. trial, test; spec, composition, examina-
tion, quodlibet (Latin; hist.)y theme (oh-
solescent), study, 6tude (French).
ezerdse, v. t. 1. exert, practice, use, oper-
ate, work; spec, play, wield, ply, breathe,
walk, run, trot, course, prosecute.
Antonyms: see disuse.
8. train, drill, school, discipline, practice;
spec, enter (cant), teach, tutor; see train.
S. use, have, do, practice, show, exhibit,
prosecute.

4. See AGITATE.

exhalation, n. 1. aura (learned or tech.), ef-
flation (rare)y emission, breath (rare), ex-
halement (rare), emanation^ halitus (rare);
spec, reek, blast, transpiration, fume,
miasma, steam, smoke, evaporation.
Some of these words are used only con-
cretdy, of the thing exhaled.
8. breath (contextual), expiration; spec.
exsufflation, pufif.
Antonyms: see inhalation.

exhale, v. t. 1. breathe, emanate, emit;
spec, transpire, respire, reek, outbreathe,
fume, furnace, vapor, gasp, steam, smoke,
evaporate, blow.

8. breathe (contextual), expire, vent
(rare); puff; spec, blow, spout.

exhale, v. i. breathe (contextiud), expire;
spec, exsufflate, spout, blow, pun.
Antonyms: see inhale.

exhaust, v. t. 1. See drain, emptt, draw,
Discuss.

8. weaken, deplete, overcome, spend,
overspend (rare), overtire, pump, extener-
ate (rare; fig.), prostrate, outwear, out-

weary (rare); spec, impoverish, overcrop^
breathe.
Antonyms: see strengthen, refbesh,

REST, restore.

exhaust, n. exhaustion, education (o&do-
lescent).

exhausted, a. forspent (archaic), fordone
(archaic), effete (learned), dead, forworn
(archaic), outspent (rare), outworn; spec
breathless, forfoughten (obs. or Scot.),
Antonyms: see strong, fresh.

exhaustion, n. 1. Spec, draining, empty-
ing, emptiness.

8. weakening, prostration, exhaustedness,
depletion; spec, inanition, exinanition
(rare), collapse, impoverishment.

exhaustive, a. 1. emptying.
8. Referring to a discussion: complete,
full, thorough.

exhort, v. t. advise, urge.

exhortation, n. advice, urging, protreptic
(rare), hortation (learned), prone (rare;
eccL), paraenesis (rare), hortative (rare).

exhortative, a. exhortatory, cohortative
(esp. gram.), hortative, hortatory, urgent.

exisenoy, n. demand, need, necessity, dis-
tress, difficulty, extremity^ urgency,
strait, juncture, pressure, pmch; spec.
crisis.

exigent, a. demanding, exacting, urgent,
necessary, distressfiu, pressing; spec.
critical.

exile, n. 1. outcast.
8. See EXPULSION.

exit, n. 1. departure; spec, death.
8. A way out: outlet, egress, escape; spec.
doorway, gate, window, skylight, etc.
Antonyms: see entrance.

exorbitant, a. excessive, Sibylline (fig.);
spec, greedy.
Antonyms: see moderate.

exorcise, v. t. lay, down (coUoq.); spec, ex-
sufflate.

exorcism, n. laying, downing (coUoq.);
spec, exsufflation (rare).

exordium, n. beginning, proem (literary or
learned), introduction; spec, preface.

exoteric a. 1. Referring to disciples: un-
initiated, outer.

8. Referring to opinions: public.
S. Referring to an author, eto.: common-
place.

expand, v. t. & i. 1. See open, develop.
8. spread, widen, bulk, outspread; spec.

13^ Cross references: see Note.
exemplify: example, typify.
exempt: free.

exemption: freeing, freedom.
exert: exercise.
exertlve: active.
exfoliate:, scale, shed.
exhibit, n.; show.
exhibition: show.

exhibitory: disclosing.
exhilarate: t^te, enliven.
exhort, v. t.: advise, lurge.
exhort, v. i.: preach.
exigible: demandable.
exifuous: slender.
exile, 9. t.: expel.
exi micas: dxetinguiahed.
exist: be.

existence: being,
existent: being.
exodus: emtgrcUion,
exonerate: acquit.
exorable: comjAaisani.
exorbitance, exorbltaaey:
excess.

exorbitant: exeeuiwe.
e^anded: wide.

K^" See Notes of Ezplanaticn. /'

169

^

stretch, outspread; *pee. outstretch,
mudirooin, uofurl, display, dilal«, dis-
tend, Dpeu.

Anionvmt: me bbrink, press.
a. devdop.
t»pfrn«*, n. expansion iUss usual than
"expante"), area, stretch, spread; tpet.
contiguity, oontinuitv, abect, field, sea
{fif.), outspread (rare).

titretch, dilation, ^astole,
1. SeeKXPAl

•ipaiulTa. a. wide; Kpec.
elastic, dilatable, extensible.
Anionyms: aee conntiED.

•ipatlate, v. i. enlarge, descant, dilat«,
expand-

•xpMit, V. t. contemplate, anticipate, think,
trust, await, hope, look, calculate [used
irilh an infinitive daiite or Teilh "thai";
chiefly local, U. S.), apprehend.

Bxpaotanoy, n. I. aoticipatioD, hopeful-
ness, apprehension.
I. prospect, abeyance {law).

eipvotant, a. anticipator, anticipant,
hopeful.

«xpectatl«ii, n. anticipation, contempla-
tion, thought, trust, hope.

axpeotorate, v. i. I. raise; tpec. cough.
J. See BPIT.

•xpadlauoy, n. advantage, advisability,
policy; apec. opportunism.

««p«dl«at, a. wise {amteiiuid), politic;
»pec. timeserving, opportunist; see wise.

•xpedlant, n. device, shift; tpec. kink,
trick, stopgap, dodge (entXoq.), ruffle, re-
sort, resource, makcshirt, suDterfugc.

expedite, I'. E. I. dispatch, bBsten.liuny,
quicken; spec, facilitate.
Antonyms: see kinder.

I. See ACCOMPLtHB.

•xpadltlon, n. 1. haste, dispatch, hast^n-
ingj hurrying.

t. journey, campaign, quest {medieval
rtymanee): spec, crusade, commando
(South Africa). _

expel, v. t. I. eject, extrude; spec, shoot,
oust, discharge, evaiiorate, excrete, dis-
lodffe, dispel, egest, eliminate, belch.
Antoni/ma: see admit, inject.
a. In rejerenee to putlino a person out of
tome place: remove, exclude; spec, evict,
estompede (rare), exsibilate (rare), de-
force (rare), fire (slan^^ U. S.), bounce
(alang or cant, U. S.), disseise, bolt, oust.
Antonyms: vee admit.
1. Referring to putting ovi if some organi-
talion or body: exclude, fire (slang, U. S.);

»pee. outcAst (rare), excommunicate, di»
parish, unchurch, drum (used tnith "au£',
ap. mil.), disfellowshtp ([/. <S.), disowa
(in the Socirtif of Friend*).
i. banish, exile, exclude, drive (lued wiA
"out"); spec, deport, expatriate, epatiiaba
(rare), depatriate (rare or obi.), transport,
rele^t«, ostracize, denationalice, exo»-
traciie (rare), ride (chiefly vrith ''from").

expend, v. t. consume (contextual, outlay,
disburse, spend, use, employ.

expenditure, n. consumption (eontextuai),
outlay, outgo, disbursement, expense (oiv
chaicli spec, profusion, cost.
Antonifinx: tee nicoHE.

eipenie, n. 1. expenditure, outlay; tpec
cost, charge,
1. See CBjutoE.

experience, p. t. have, know, see, meet,
encounter, undergo; spec, suffer, en^y,
share, try, reahie, taste, lead, receive,
prove (archaic).

eiperienoe, n. knowledge, acquaintance,
encounter; spec, sufferance, enjoyment,
trial, tasl«, adventure, time.
Antonyms: see inekperibncb.

experienced, a. Spec, old, practiced, wise^
salted (slang or cwog.), veteran, expert.
Antonyms: see UJEXPEmENCED.

experimental, a. trial.

expert, a. adroit; spec, proficient, scientific

expert, n. crack (coUoa, or slang), adept,
dabster (eoliog.), dab (coUoq.; ehtefiu
spec.), proficient, master, sharp (^ng),
sharper (slang), shark (slaTtg); spec

I

I

Antonyms: see cvowt*,

expl«t«, V, t. To atone for: redeem, assoil

(archaie), purge (chiefly law); spec, mend,
ransom.
Ar^onyms: see aggravate.

expiation, n. atonement, redemption, jOBf |
tion (rare); spec, cross (nf Chritl), eatio-
f action, satispassion (tlieol.), ransom.

expiatory, a. piacular (rare), redemptive;
spec, lustrative, lustral.

eiptisd, o. run (at lime; often xeith "out"),
over (coUoq.).

explain, v. t. expound, solve, elucidate, re-
solve, explicate (rare), unfold, diasolvo
(rore); spec, demonstrate, construe, dear,
interpret, enucleate (learned), innuendo
(late), untie (fig.), undo (rare), unriddle
unravel, untanglo, glossate, glos ' "
describe, develop, detail.
Antonyms: *"

trCrtai reft

aoattlate:
expanMI tumpU

■=.:"";

I?' Soc Natal ot Ezplanatloa.

EXPULSION

explainable, a. accountable, interpret-
able, explicable.

explainer, n. expounder; spec, hierophant,
exponent.

explanation, n. 1. account, interpretation,
elucidation, exposition, explication,
6claircissement (French), construction;
spec, definition, description, d^notbnent
(French).

8. Referring to what explains: expKcation,
key; spec, comment, commentary, exege-
sis, secret, innuendo, catastrophe.

explanatory, a. interpretative, elucidative,
elucidatory, explanative (rare), expository,
expositive, expositional, exegetical.

explicit, a. 1. See definite.

8. express; spec, written, outspoken, posi-
tive, plain.

Antonyms: see implied.

explode, v. t. 1. See destroy.
%, burst, detonate; spec, fire, pop, spring,
deflagrate, crack.

exploit, V. t. utilize (contexttud) ; spec, milk
(colhq.), work (coUoq.).

exploration, n. search, prospecting, pros-
pect, probe; spec, inquisition.

explore, v. t. search, plumb (fig.), fathom,
outsearch (rare); spec, prospect.

explosion, n. 1. Spec, destruction.
2. bursting, burst; spec, fulmination, de-
tonation, lulguration, blast, clap, crack,
shot, report, pop.
S. See outbreak.

explosive, n. Spec, lyddite, cordite, ful-
minant (rare), dynamogen, rackarock,
fulminate, dynamite, roburite, gelignite,
guncotton, herculite, gunpowder, trinito-
toluol, TNT (abhr.).

expose, V. t. 1. disclose, unearth (fi^.), flay
(fig.), decorticate; spec, unmask, bare.
Antonyms: see hide, seclude.

9. subject (used with *^to"); spec, venture,
risk, post, weather, pitch, gibbet (fijg.),
bare, abandon.

Antonyms: see protect, shelter.
exposed, a. 1. bleak, raw, airy, bare, open,
shelterless, windy.
Antonyms: see sheltered, unexposed.
8. With ''to'': liable, subject.
S. See BARE.
expostulate, v. t. remonstrate.
exposure, n. 1. disclosure; spec, show-up
(coUoq.), unmasking.

8. Usually with ''to": subjection; spec.
abandonment.
Antonyms: see protection, shelter.
S. liability, subjection (u^ed with "to"),
liableness (rare).

express, n. 1. See dispatch.

8. agency (contextual), dispatch.
express, v, t. 1. squeeze (esp. with "ouf*).

8. See extort, send, hasten.

S. represent, symbolize, present, show,

denote, testify (archaic), oetoken; spec.

delineate.

4. Referring to the conveying of an idea by
words, actions, etc.: spec, state, emit, mam-
fest, tell, frame, present, have (used with
"it"), enunciate, language (rare), broach,
breathe, dictate (obs. or archaic), ex-
pound, deliver, couch, dash, vent, air,
word, utter, voice, clothe, cough, hoot,
communicate, blush, nod, signi^, smile,
sound, speak, hymn, figure, write, wave,
pantomime (rare), look, glance, glare,
gesticulate.

Antonyms: see imply.

5. See BEND.

expression, n. 1. squeezing (used esp. wOh
"out").

8. representation, symbolization, presen-
tation, presentment, show, denotation;
spec, delmeation, token.

5. Spec, statement, utterance, emission,
woroing, breath, communication, vent,
signification, etc.

4. diction; spec, eloquence, idiom, brev-
ity, etc.

6. Referrina to the thina expressed: spec.
effusion, pnraseology, locution, phrase,
term, word, look; see saying.

expressionless, a. unmeaning, null (rare),
wooden (fig.), vacant, blank; spec, soul-
less, fishy (Jig.), dull.

Antonyms: see expressivb.
expressive, a. demonstrative, eloquent,
significant, significatory, significative,
meaning (rare); spec, forceful, wise, em-
phatic, epigrammatic.

Antonyms: see bieanxnq, blank, ex-
pressionless.

expulsion, n. 1. ejection, ejectment (chief-
ly law); spec, explosion, defenestration,
elimination, disloagment, discharge.

Antonyms: see admission, injection.
8. banishment, exile, exilement, deporta-
tion, relegation (chiefiy Roman law),
transportation (chiefly spec.), expatria-
tion^ ostracism, petalism (ancient hist.),
rustication.

Antonyms: see admission.

5. ejectment, exclusion, eviction, ousting.
4. excommunication (ecd.) ,exclusion, ex-
cision (rare).

6. excretion, discharge, catharsis (tech.);
spec, diuresis, evacuation.

f^^ Cross references: see Note.
•zpletlTe: oath.
•zplioable: explainable.
•zplloate: explain.

exploded: obsolete.
exploit: deed.
export: ship.
exposal: disclosure.

ezposltion; explaruUion, exe-
gesis, show, atatemerU. [atary.
expoidtive: disdonng, explan-
ezpound: state, express, explain.

t^ See Notes of EspUnetion.
171

EXPULSIVB

npnlilve, a. Spec, expulsory (rare), eject-
ive, eliminajit, eliminative (pAynoI, and
ehem.j, explosive, ecbolic {meil.; rare), ex-
communicative, exoomiDLiiucaU>ry.

•xporsmte, P. I. emasculate, expurge (rare),
caslratc; tpec. bowdleriic.

aatempoi&aeoai, a. 1. extemptorized,
premeditaled. spoDtaneous, extempore,
— Eiro vised, improvisatory, miprovisator-

J (rare), ofTband, impromptu.
«. See OCCASIONAL.

axtampore, adv. impromptu,
raneously.

•xtemportse, B. compose {amUxtwd),
provise.

estcmporfiBr, n. improvisator, impro
viaer, Improvisatore or (the Italian tpelL-
inf) improwieatore, improvisatrice or (the
Italian spelling) iroprowisa trice (fern.),

•stand, V. t. I. Spec, continue, lengthen,
ebngat«, widen, drag, enlarge, pass
(diiefiy with "to"), run, etretch, produce
(ekiefiy with "to"), draw, distend, protend
(rare), prolong, protract, coexlend, string,
deploy (mil.), diffuse, carry, wiredraw.
Antanyms: see abridge.
>. Spec, reach, protrude, thrust, out-
stretch (chiefiy ■poeUc), ehoot, portend
(rare), porrect (rare).

S. See ENLARGE.

•Stand, V. i. reach, go, come, continue,
range, run, proceed; tpec. (physically)
ride, project, protrude, ramify, cruae. out-
lie (rare), lie, outreach {poetic), outepan
(rare), grow, stream, stretch.
AnIonyTns: tee shobten.

gpee. ductile, malleable, plastic, pliable,
dilatable,
•ztenalon, n, 1. Spec, continuation, con-
tinuance, Icn^henmg, widening, enlarge-
ment, Btret^^hm^, production, protraction,
prolongation, distention, coextension, de-
ployment, diiTusion, deploy.
Anbmymt: tee

S. Spec, protrusion, projection, porrec-
tioD (rare), protension (rare), ramifica-
tion, wing.

•. See COMPREHENSION.

nttsnilTei o. Spec, wide, widespread, far-
reaching, nationwide, statewide.

•stent, n. 1. See vaCiiatiON.
t. extension, mensure; spec, reach, con-
tinuance, amplitude, size, expanse, di-
mension, measurement, proportions, de-

gree, eompaas, stretch, content «ftA.),
gauge, length {aiao fig.), field, latitude,
range, scope, breadth, width, height, di>-

estennatlTe, a. excusatory, palliator;f;
«pec. euphemistic.
estentwUie, n. palliative; epee. euphent-

I. outer, external, outwatd, J
outside, extern (rare),- spec, outmost, oub-S
ermost, superficial, outlying.

Ardm.ytm: see orreaioa. 1

I. See FOREIGN. '

ecterioT, n. outside^ see surface.
eitern&liie, v, I, objectify, objectin (rare),

entify (rare); see visi^auze.

cstenuUr, a. outwardly, outside, out-
ward, outwards.

estinetion, n. destruction (co7dextuc£);
spec, annihilation, death, suffocation.

estlncnfali, v. I. destroy (cotOextuai); epee.
annihilate, quench, choke (often mth
"nut" or "off"), quell, subdue, douse
(slan^ or cant), dout (now dial.), remove,
suppress, slake (rare), stifle, smother, suf-
focate ; jtee amfF.
Anlanyms: see kindle, create, b&bkd, J

rOSTER, PBBSERVE.

extineuiihAd, a. destroyed (conlexttMl); I
epec, dead, out. 1

estiip&te, V. I. destroy, abolish, deracinate

(rare), weed (chiefly used with "out"), up-
root; spec, annihilate.
Anlonyms: gee plant.

estort, n. t. elicit, extract, exact, draw,
wring, wrest, pinch, screw, shave (coUcq.
or stanff), force, squeeie.

cstortion, n. elicilation, exaction; spec.
tribute, expression, blackmiul, chantage
(French), fptrrush (hiel.). i

estoitionate, a. unreasonable (eonlextual), J
exacting, vampire (Jig.), vampiric (fyf.), I
blood-sucking (fig.). I

Antmiyma: see uodbrate. |

eitoTtloneE, n. exacter, extortionist,
wringer, wrester, caterpillar C^.), blood-
sucker (Jiff.), vulture (jig.), flayer (fit.),
fleecer, gnper (raro), vampire (fyi-)i harpy
(fig.); spec, striker, shaver (coUog. or

•strs, a. additional, accessory, spare.
istra, n. Spec, accessory, et ceteras (pi.; j

Latin), sundries (pi), additions (pi.), '

paraphernalia (pi.), odd. '

Antonyms: see dbficiency.

iitraot, p. i. 1. derive, elicit, draw, remove; ]

spec, distil, squeeze, extort.

OKuraU, fiulidi-

dandy.

•uliiooiu: dry.

mlaml*: obtAith.

tsr 9tK NotM

FABULOUS

Antonyms: see inject.

9. See REMOVE, WITHDRAW.

extract, n. 1. Spec, essence, decoction,
mastery (rare), distillate, distillation.

9. See QUOTATION.

eztraotlon, n. 1. eli citation, derivation;
spec, distillation, squeezing, etc.

9. See DESCENT.

extraordinary, a. unusual, singular, un-
common, remarkable, exemplary (ar-
chaic), portentous (humoroiis), phenom-
enal, prodigious (humorouSf exc. spec.);
spec, transcendent, parlous (coUoq. or hw-
morous)y inconceivable, distinguished,
amazing, monstrous, marvelous, abnor-
mal, enormous.
Antonyms: see common.

extravagance, n. 1. excess^ profusion, pro-
fuseness, prodigality, lavisnness, exuber-
ance; spec, superabundance, enormity,
monstrosity, wildness, furor, etc.
Antonyms: see economy.
9. hyperbolism (rhet.); spec, bombast,
fantasticaUty, fantasticalness, grotesque-
ness, grotesquerie, etc.

extravagant, a. 1. profuse, profusive
(rare), prodigal, lavisn: spec, wasteful,
profligate, rampant, wild, rank.
Antonyms: see economical, stingy.
9. Spec, bombastic, fantastic, fantastical,
wild, furious, eccentric, bizarre, grotesque,
odd, baroque, rococo.
Antonyms: see matter-ob^pact, mod-
erate.

extravasation, n. stigma.

extreme, a. 1. remot^t, utmost (becoming
rare, exc. spec), farthest, uttermost (ar-
chaic or formal), last, ultra (chiefly tech.),
limitary.
Antonyms: see nearest.
9. See final.

8. greatest, utmost, uttermost (archaic or
formal), supreme, outside (coUoq.); spec.
precious (coUoq.), horrible (coUoq.).

4. excessive, deep (chiefly spec); spec.
bad, drastic, intense, desperate (coUog.),
egregious, impossible, outrageous, im-
moderate, deadly (coUoq.), eternal (now
vulgar), heroic, high, radical, unspeakable
(coUoq.), monstrous (coUoq.), etc.
extreme, n. 1. See end.

9. utmost, limit, extremity; spec, excess,
pink, height.

extremely, adv. very, so (chiefly coUoq.).

exudation, n. emission, discharge, sweat
(chiefly spec), weep (coUoq. or cani), ooze
(only of what exudes), percolation.

exnde, v. i. & t emit, transude, discharge,
sweat (chiefly spec), ooze; s^. weep, per-
colate, infiltrate, filter, stram, lixiviate.
Antonyms: see absorb.

exult, v. i. rejoice, vaunt, insult (archaic),
crow (colloq^, jubilate, maffick (coUoq.);
spec, gloat, triumph, glory.
Antonyms: see mourn.

exultant, a. rejoicing, jubilant.

exultation, n. gladness, rejoicing, insulta-
tion (archaic); spec, gloat, gloating, tri-
umph, jubilation.
Antonyms: see mourning.

exuvium, n. skin, cast, slough. "Exttvium"
is tech. or learned.

eye, n. 1. oculus (tech. or spec), orb (poetic
or rhetorical), optic (chiefly in phirat, and
coUoq. or slarig), glim (slang), peeper
(slang), lamps (pi.; slang; formerlv po-
etic), piercer (slang), goggler (sUmg), or-
bit (an erroneous use); spec eyelet, oculus,
cock-eye, wall-eye, stemma, facet.
9. See VISION, look.
8. eyehole; spec, collar, eyelet, peephole.

eye, v. t. Spec, watch, ogle.

eyeball, n. apple (of the eye).

eyebrow, n. orow, supercilium (tech.).

eyeglass, n. Spec, monocle, pince-nez
(French), nippers (pi.; slang), lorgnette,
lorgnon (French).

eyelashes, n. pi. cilia (technical), ey&-
winkers.

eyeless, a. exoculated (learned), blind.

eyelid, n. lid^ palpebra (anat.); spec haw.

eyesore, n. dissight or desight (rare).

eyewash, n. coUyrium, eyewater.

fable, n. 1. apologue.

9. See UNTRUTH, STORY.

fable, v. t. feign, invent; — referring to V)hat
is told in words.

fabric, n. 1. building.
9. cloth, texture (archaic), contexture,
stuff (chiefly spec), tissue (chiefly spec).
toile (French) ^ web (chiefly spec), woof
(rare), matenal, medley; spec, textile
(chiefly tech.), network, homespun, twill,
driU. oiagonal, duvetyn, webbmg, etc.

8. oee texture.

fabricate, v. t. 1. ^ee construct.

9. Referring to a made-wj^ tale^ story, etc.:
devise, compose; sj)ec spm, com, forge.

fabulous, a. fictitious; spec romantic,
legendary, feigned.
Antonyms: see actual.

t3^ Cross references: see Note.
extradite: deliver.
•ztraneoni: foreiffn.
•xtrloat«: free. [temal.

•ztrinsio: foreign, accidental, ex-

•ztrude: expel.

exuberance: aburidanc€t exeeat.

exuberant: aburtdarU, txcetnpe,

prolix.
exuberate: sound.

eyeshot: nght.
eyesfcht: aight.

fable: ruurrative.

t^' See Notes of Explanation.
173

fme*, n. 1. countenBnce (literary or learned),
featurea (pi.), visage, favor {archaicj,
(ront {alar^ or fig.), phyBiopnomy, mai-
ard [archaic and Jocular) , phii icoUoq. and
jocular), mug (slang), brow (rare or obt,),
ipee. grimace,
«. See

t, front, forefront (chiefly spec.); apee. ea-
carpment, breast, diak, pedion, oo'

Itmcv.t.t. To have the face ttneardu; front,
confront, envisage (rare); sjia:. respect,
frontier.

1. oppoao, front, breast, confront, buck
(tilang, U. S.), brave, cope (rare); tpec.
outbraien, nose, beard, boFFct, defy, dare.

Antonymt: see avoid.
•■ To ah/ns la the fate of {a person): con-
front; — often wUk "mth."
<■ cover; spec, veneer, revet, line, camp-
shed (.local, Eng.).

L See BRAEEN.

fkoa, u. i, front, head (chiefly spec.), give

(a OallieUin) ; spec, look (often fig.).
faoet, n. face (conUxlwd); spec, templet,

lozenge, table (in gems), cut, culet.
Ikcetlons, a. humorouB.
taiie-ta-fkoe,a. Spec. t&te-iA^le (French),

vis-i-viB (French), respectant (her.).
tmstag, n. I. cover (cottlexliiai); spec. lining,

envelope, ahoe, veneer, akin.

9. frontage, outlook; epec. exposure.

I. confrontation, confrontment (rare).
l»«Ui>ii, n. I. combination, division, side;

spec, clique, seat; see party.

Umtory, n. workshop, shop, manufactory
(forrruU), officina (Spanish), works (chiefly
gpee.), mint (often spec.); tpec. battery,

Eottery, bloomery, bakery, confectionery,
riokyard, etc.

faonltr. n. t. See abilitt, art.
t. Of the mind't facuUies: power, sense,
wits (pi.; chiefly spec.); epee. instinct, In-
tellectuws {pi.; archaic), reason.
S. department, school (hist.); spec, semi-
narists ipl.).

fad, n. custom, craze, rage, hobby, mania,
monomania, frenzy, dehrament (rare),
whim-wham (archaic or rare), furor; spec,
fashion, pursuit, tuUpomania, vinomania,
crotchet, dipsomania, etc.

fids, V. i. I. See dbclinb, wither.
t. vanbh (often uted unlh "away"), faint;

spec, die (laed mih "otU"), dim, pale, dis-

solve, disperse.

Antonyms: see iNTENStrr.
tall, V. i. 1. lack, collapse, miss, miscarry,
abort, fizile {chiefly U. IS.); »pec. err,
flunk (schatd slang, U. S.), default.

Antonyms: see auccEED.
). break, bankrupt, default, defalcate
(rare), Hmaah (slang), swamp (eoUog.).

Antonyms: see eocCBED.

iBlluce, n. I. fail (obs., exc. in "mOwid
foil").

deficiency, default, omission, nonact
(rare), nonexecution; spec, abortion, col-
lapse, fizale (coUoq.), miscarriage, flunk
(U. S,; school slang), lapse, muR, fiasco,
breakdown, slip, negligence, frost (slang),
dereliction, delinquency, nonsuccess.
Antonyms: see bdccbbs.

falcation (ra .. , . ,.,,

s. migbl^have-been (coUoq.).
taint, a. I. ,SeeTiiim,
1. weak, languid, listless, dolche-fami-
ente (Italian), sickly, gone (collog,).
AnUmyme: gee powerful.
■. See iNi>iSTiN(7r, dim.

Referring to sounds: soft, small, gentle.

TO, deliquium (archaic); ,

taint, n

lipothymia.
taint, V. i, I. decline, fade.

>. swoon, go (contexluai), awelt«r (rare).
Allonyms: see revtve.
lalntnesa, n. .Spec, swoon, lassitude.
talT,a. 1. good-looking. de]d«r (rare); spec.

beautiful, shapely, dean, clear, glcttsy,

smooth, sweet.

1. See DEBlRAfil£,

■. medium, passable, fairish (rare), so-so
(colloq.), moderate, indifferent, tolerable,
respectable, reasonable, decent, ordinary;

Antonyms: see e
1. blond, blonde, clear, white (coliog,,
(/. S.); spec, lily, lilied.

Arilmyms: gee dark.
tail, n. Spec, baiaar, exchange, kennia.

'Kar*'""''"'"

tacot: tniTidU.

!asitis.,-™,*.,«

(■nlmUai eopv, dupticati.

tsr See NotM of BipluatloD

■gt.lhj^l^

I

I

■SUrl7, adv. fair, well, middling (usually
n quiU>^!/ing anadjettii>e,a»"good^').
ftairrt t- demon (o/(en spec.), spirit {con-
Uxtual), fay, sprite or lartAaic) Hpright:
' tptc. Titania, browoy, elf, nix, fairyhood

(a colkclwe).
tmbflttuA, n. faerie or fairy {archaic),
tairydom; apee. dreamland.
kke, v. t. {aiiaSy (contextuar), sophisticate,
counterfeit lamtextual); gpec. deacon

ioanf or coUoq,), doctor (colUig.). duff
slang or collog.}, nobble (^ng), fudge,
cook (iUing), edit {eixphemiMic), pack.
I»k«, n. contrivance, fakement; spec, adul-
teration, fraud, cheat.
kkli, n. ascetic {contextiud), derviah.
taleon, n. hawk (contextual); tvec. tercel-
gentle (male), merUn, lanner (ejp. /cm.),
lanneret (fflOHc), tartaret (obn.), sakeret
(rniue.; orcAaic), eaker (fsp. /em.), shahin
or ebaheen, sore-falcon.
Ikll, D. t. I. descend (Jormoi), drop, sink,
lapse (lUa-ary and rare); jipec. drop, calve
(aiol. or tech.), cave {used with "in"), pitch,
drip, slump (dial.), plop, rain, plump,
squab, cataract, topple, drizzle, droop,
tumble, slant, distill, lodge, coUapee, shed.

AnUmyma: see kibb, stand.
1. See DESCEND (come to a lower level),

BND, ACCRUE, BECOME, AP08TATIIB, DB-

to the coufUenance),

^

Anionyma:

fall, n. 1. dcHcent, downfall, downcome,
comedown (coUoq.), labefaction (rare),
drop (often swc.); spec, shower, downrush.
downpour, deluge (hyperbolical), cropper
(eoUog.; chiefly in "to come a cropper"),
discharRe, cave-in (chiefly callng,), dripple.
flap (eoUoq.), flop, plop, tumble, spill (col-
log.), plump (collog.), squash, dogfall,
eave8drip,eaveBdTOp,6boulemeQt(fre«cA),
crowner, collapse.

Antonyms: see ribe.

TACKLE, WATERFAI^.

I. Referring to prices, etc.: decline, drop;
rpee. slump (coUoq. or cant), tumble.

Ardoaymg: see advakce.
Iallm<i7, n, I. error, deception; spec, soph-
ism, absurdity, sorites, bubble, idol,
idolum or idohsm. paralogism.

Anlonyma: see troth.
I. deceptivenesB (c/.

faUlble, a. errable (rare), dcccivablc (rare).

Antonyms: see infallible.
falling, a. deaccndioK, cadent (archaic);
spec, precipitant, deciduous, incident,
dripping, etc.
Antonyms: see risinu,
talllnEi n. descent; 8^. dripping, distilla-
tion, drip-drop, incidence, ptosis (rare),
prolapsus.
tallow, a. imcultivafed, unplowcd, un-
tilled, lea, ley or lay (Eng.).
A nUmyms: cultivated (see cultivatb) .

UNFAlTHFtU.,

9. pseudo (chiefly learned or in eomWno-
lion), spurious, bastard (chiefly in con-
tempt), counterfeit, BuppositiUous, hol-
low, bogus, fictitious, fictive (rare); sp«c.
pretended, forged, made-up, impostrous
(rare), artificial, factitious.
Artlonyms: see true, native.
taliUy, f. 1. alter, sophisticate; spec, fake,
cook (slang), interpolate (by adding), doc-
tor; see ADULTERATE, PAKE.

talilty, n. 1. falsehood; spec, absurdity,
dcceptivenes,"!, etc.; see DisHOWESTr.

8. spuriousneaa, BUpposltitiousness, hol-
lownesa, fictitiousness, fictiveneas (rare);
spec, pretension, artificiality.

falter, i;. i. 1. stumble, stagger, dodder,
hobble, totter, hesitate, waver.

9. Referring to speech: hesitate, halt; spec.
stammer, stutter, stumble, quaver, waver,
lisp, hem.

t. See HESITATE.

falter, n. 1. stumble, stagger, dodder, tot-
ter, hesitation, waver.
9. balbuties (tech.), halt, hesitation (con-
lextual); spec, stammer, stutter, stumble,
quaver, waver, lisp.
I. See HESITATION.

fame, n. 1. See reputation.
a. honor (contextual), repute or reputa-
tion (cttnlexluai), renown, illuHtriousnesa,
luster, illustration (rare), distinction, ku-
dos {pedantic or humorous; Greek), celeb-
rity, lionism, honhood or lionahip (fig.),
note, consideration; epee. glory, eminence,
greatness, conspicuousnesa, tongue (fig,).
Antonyms: see obscurity.

lame, v. t. 1. See report.
8. eternize (rare), immortalize. The verb

tamiliar, a. 1.

1. intimate, homely (archaic),
(amtextu/jl) ; spec, hobnobby (rare), hajl-

I-AMILIABITT

fdlow (rare), free, overfamiliar, unooa-
Btrained.
Antonyms: see rmvAMnAAR, foruai..
■• Seecowion.
lKtnUlaritr> 1- l> intimacy, homeliness
(archaic); epee. freedum, conversation
(lilerary).

lainUy, n. 1. household, brood (amlemplu-
oiis), cletch or clutch (etmlemvluoua) ,
people (used vrith "my," "hit," etc.),
stock, house; spec, mine, his. theire, etc.
(oU thete -uaea being ckiejty ctilUigyial).
I. lineage (formal), house, race, kin,
strain, blood (Jig.), breed (ehiefiy con-
tem^uotu); spec, dynasty.

lamlly, a. Spec. patronyEaic; see iiOMEs-

famlah, v. t. A i. starve, pinch, clam (dial).
ArUonyms: see nourish, feast, feed.

lamlalmtent, n. starvation, pinch.
Antonyms: gee ntjtrition.

Ibidiidb. a. distinguished, celebrated, re-
nowned, noted, notable, peat (conlext-
ual), illustrious, bright, brilliant, lustrous,
famed, Rosclan (fi^.); tpM. /abled, hia-
toried, storied, heroic, glorious, historical,
immortal (foreaer).
Aiitonyma: see obscure.

fan, n. Spec, punkah or punka (East Irb-
dies), flabellum, fanner (chiefly Uch.),
winnower, blower, col mar (hisl.), van,
thermaatidote (rare or local).

fan, V. t. 1. clean (conlexiwd), blow, win-
now (chiefly spec.).

fanatic, n. enthusiast, bigot, zealot, vi-
sionary; spec, sectarian.
fanatlolsni, n. entbusiasm, bigotry, zeal-

tanolful, a. 1. capricious, fantasied, con-
ceited (dial, or archaic), maggoty (now con-
lempluous), chimerirail, fantastic, fan-
tasque (rare), curious, crotchety.
Antonyms: see dnimaqi native, matter-

OF-PACT.

t. See ODD.
fancy, n. 1. See iMAOiNATtON (ihe/acuUy).
9. The llring imagined: imagination, fan-
tasy, phantasy, notion, idea, thought;
spec, antic, i^hantasm, hallucination, de-
lusion, megrim, reverie, vapor, specter,
vision, belief, chimera or chinucra, day-
dream.

CAFSICE, APPROVAl, L

tan-'ibaped. a. flabellal« (lecli.), Sobelli-

(orm (tech.).
(antastio, a. t.

». fanciful, romantic; spec, grotesque, bi-
Anlonyms: see plain.

tar, adii. widely, wide, remotely, distantly,

long, etc.
Atitonyms: see near.
faia, V. i. I. See go, occur, lite.

a, do, come on (coUog.). "Fare" is mora

fomutl than "do."
fare,n. 1. See fortune.

2. food, table, board (becoming archaie).
farewell, n. goodby, congi (Jormal:

French), adieu, leave taking, leave (»feorl

/nr "Uave taking"), parting, valediction

(prooerly the v>orda said), vmedictorj (the

Antimyms: see OREETiNa.

larm, n. grange; spec, plantation, bar- I
ton (Eng.), estansia (Sp,), location (Ata- '
Iriilia), fazenda (Sp.), farmstead, haci- I
enda (Sp. Amer.), randi (v>eslem U. S. dk J
Canada), stud, dain, mains (Soil.).

tar-BlKlited, a. I. hypermetropic (ledi.),
long-sighted, hyperopic (l«cA.}; spec. pre»- 1

Antonyms: see kear-biqiited.
). provident; see saqacious.
lartber, a. further {chiefly in aeamdari
jig. senses); spec, beyond, past.
farthest, a. furthest (chiefly in aeoondarj/ 1
or fig. sensei) . uttermost, final, extreme,
cndmost, last.
Antonyms: see nearest.
faidnate, v. t. I. bewitch, charm, spell- J
bind (ehiefiy cant); spec, dare (only in '"
dare larks").
Antonyms: see repel.

fast, a. 1. See PIEII, CONBTANT, CNFADINO,

). ahead (referring to time).
faiten, v. I. I. fix, secure (Jormal), confine;
spec, catch, tie, lock eird, infix, marl, bolt,
cnain, belay, pin, lace, strap, cobble,
cleat, bond, clasp, infibulate (rore), but- J
ton, batten, tether, paste, cement, atidc, f

rAVOKABLS

I peg, Hcrew, seal, seize, sjiikc. surcingle,
\ skewer, toggle, wedge, tack, lash, latch,
rivet, rope, mortiise, knot, key, fish, dowel,
I forelock, lulsp, hoop, collar, crank, cotter,
I cramp, cable, dinker, buclde, stanchion,
f baiter, gum, bind, dog.

Anlonyms: see loose, dnpabten.

KsutenlaKi n- confinement; spec, clinch,
< clip, breeching, lace, lacing, tie, tether,
el&sp, tacking, latch, lashing, lock, fast,
headfaat, holdfaat.

faatldlons, a. particular, nice, dainty, deli-
cate, exquisite, fine^ precise; spec, finical,
finicking, chary, picksome (Eng.), prig-
^ah, pernickety (eontemptuoua), ovemico,
starch, niminy-piminy, equeamish, cock-
ney (.Eng.), misaish, proper (a eupAem-
ism), prfcieuae (French); see precious.
ArUoni/ms: see neoliqknt, ghobs.

tmt, a. 1. greasy, pinguedinous (rare), fatty,
unctuous or unguinous (.ehiejly spec.), ee-
baoeous (physioL; often spec), pinguid
(rare); apec. lardy, oily, tallowy.
•. corpulent, gross, stocky (eontexlual),
polysaroous (rare; leek.), fleshy, ventricoae
(rare), obese (a formal or book word); spec.
pufTy, paunchy (irielegaiil), pot-bellied
{vulgar), pursy, portly, pudgy, fubby,
squab, plump, plumpy.
Antonjpna: see THIN', laNKT.

t. See DULL, PRODUCTIVE, PROFTTABLB.

(•t, n. Spec, grease, sebum (lech,), blub-
ber, tallow, seam (obs. or rare), sperma-
cetti, Buet, oil, yolk, lumber {esp. '

fmt«, n. I. necessity, destiny, die {jig.).
X. destiny, dispensation, cup QSj.; chiefly
iSmpiurol), experience, portion (otie's

r shore; usuoUj/ spec.), doom {spec, or jig.).

I t. fortune.

I A. weird (archaic), Moerce (Greek; pi.),

r Faroe (Latin; pi.); spec. Clotho, Lathesis,
Atropoa, Norn.
fatefnl, a. fatal, inevitable, necessary, pre-
destined, predestinate (arehaic), doomful,
karmic (spec, or fig.; rare); spec, tragic.
fmther.n. 1. parent (Mmf«:riuaf), sire (chief-
ly podic, exc. of beasts, esp. horses), getter
(«B., etc. q/Aorsea), geni tor (rare), tather-
ling (nonce word), governor (slarig), dad
(eialdiih or familiar and undignified),
daddy (pet form of "dad"), papa (riovi
chiefly childish or affected), paler (Lalin m
slang), dada (ckitd's teora); spec, (in a
loose vse of "father") stepfather, father-
in-law, foater-father, pater-familias. These
' "parent," "sire," "getter,"

I: ieadlv. fateful.
... (..■daiiiH.

"genitor" and, occasionally, "fa&ei" are
used only of Ike human parml.
Anliniyms: see child, mothek.
1. £ee ANCESTOR, OOD,PBlEST,CONFK8eOH.
father, v. t. 1. b^t, eire.

I. attribute, impose; sea amUATB.
fatherhood, n. paternity, progenitorship

fatlieileii, a. orphan (coMcxiual), un-
fathered, sirelesa, dadleas (nimee).

fatheiiy, Q. parentsi (contextual), paternal,
fatherlike, gubernatorial (slang).

fathomless, a. 1. immeasurable, measure-
less, deep, abyssal, abysmHl.
Antonyms: see shallow.

9. See ONINTELLIOIBLB.

fatneii, n. fleshiness, obesity, obeseness,
corpulence, corpulency, polysarcia (tech.),
grossness (rare), pinguitude (rare), pin-
guidity (rare), plumpness; spec, embon-
point (French).

fatten, v. i. <t (, fat {esp. used with "up"),

Sinquefy (rare); spec, saginate (rare),
rawn (dial.), batten, plump.
Antonyms: aee waste.
faaoet, n. cock, tap; spec, spigot, spile,
stopcock,
faolt, n. 1. Spec, failing, default, obh-
quity. blemish, peccadillo, defalcation, de-
hnquency_, vice, cloud (jig.), spot, flaw,
shortcoming, defect, imperfection, de-
merit, infirmity, offense.
Antonyms: see excellence, worth.

a. See BLAME, NEOLIOENCE, CLEPf.

faultflndlne, a. censorious, captious, cyn-
ical or cynic (now chiefly spec), critical,
carping.

tanltleai, a. 1. ^See correct, blameless.
1. perfect, irreproachable, immaculate,
spotless.

fault;, a. vicious, bad; spec, ill, blame-
worthy, transgressive, blamable, imper-
fect.
Anfonyms: see good, excellent.

faTor, n. 1. Spec, esteem, benignity, popu-
larity; see approval.

). Spec, benefaction, grace, boon, bene-
fit, obhgement, kindness, dispensation,
indulgence.
tkTor, V. I. 1. See approve, oblige.
1. countenance, patronize; spec, see aid.

I. See SA-

plori.

I. advantageous; spec, fair, helpful, good,
Eolden, BaluUtry.

Anlonifrns: see dnfaVobable.
t. well-inclined, well-minded, benign,
triendly, favoring, gracious, propitioiis.

Anlonyma: see opposed.
tkTorlte, n. 1. dear, minion (noui crm-

1. ieec' ''
tmTorlUtnl, n
lawn, V. i. crii
Antonym*: see domineee.

rlUtni, n. partiality; spec, nepotism.
1, V. i. cringe, crawl, toady, truckle.

eUmg): fpec. flunky.
AnUmyms: «ee bully.
lawnlni, a. crin^ng, abject, eervile, syco-
phantic, toadying, truckling, toodyish;

tmti, n. alarm, dread, phobia (lech, or Tart
and hunu^oin); spec, consternation, panic,
funk (slang), miadoubt, misgiving, affright
(rare), terror, terrification, trepidation,
B«are, fright, froy (archaic), horror, eeri-
neas, awe, apprehension, pantophobia,
mysophobia, agoraphobia, hydrophobia,
auperstition, reverence.
Anionjfmg: see boldness, hope.

fear, v. I. apprehend, dread, redoubt (ob$.
or rare); spec, misdoubt, revere.

fear, v. i. Spec, misgive.

feued, a. dread, redoubted (rhetorical).

feartni, a, 1. See afraid.
1. dreadful, fearsome (rare), lerriblc,
ghaatful (archaic), ghastly (obs), redoubt-
able (rhetorical); spec, mre, sirful, grim.

frightful, horrible, appalling, horrendous
(rare), eerie or eery, appreheasive (rore),
tremendous (now rare).
Antonyms: gee bold.

teait, n. l. See festival. MEAI/.
S. Spec, banquet, regale (rare), junket
(often spec; U. 5.1, gaudy {Eng.), ffite
(French), tuck-out fsfanff}, barhecue,
brideale or bridale, Gregory (Anglo-Irish).
wine, potlatch, give-ale (A«t.), mfare (lo-
cal Enf.), hockey or hookey (di/U. Eng.),
symposium.

taast, o. epulary (rare).

fMtat, u. i. feed (inelegant; cotUextual), epi-

:, rib, flange,
■; blade, flat,

curise (rare); spec. fSte (rare), cosher (Ire-
land), luxuriate.
Antonjfms: see fai

feast, V. t. feed (amtexlitai); tpee. banquet,
regale, tile, wine.
Antonyms: see famish.

leaatday, n. fieftta {Italian).

teastlns, n. epulation (rare),' spec, ban-
queting, r^alement (rare).

teat, n, 1. See accouflishuent, dbed.
a. atunt (cdtog.); spec, split (symnaslict),
giant swing, cartwheel.

feather, n. 1. plume (poetic or rhetorical,
etc. spec.), pen (obs.); spec, plumule, cov-
ert, scapular, down (a collective), eider-
down (a ooUectiiie), beam, quill, filoplume,
interscapular, remex, primary, principal,
pinion, streamer, flag.

1. See PLUMAQE, TOFT.

1. In mechanics: spec, splint
key, web, fin, tongue, vane,
4. Referring to part of an oa,

leather, v. i. Spec, fledge,

teathet, i). t. t. unplume (rare or rhetorical),

plume (rare or rhetorical, exc, spec.); tpec.

(of an arrow) flight, fledge, wing, fletm.

t. To remove the feathers from: deplume,

deplumate;sprc. pinion.
feathered, a. plumed (chiefly spec), plum-

0U8(rare); spec. winged, penniferoua (rare),

pennigeroua(rore),plumate;seeFKATHERT.
feather- tooted, a. Referring to a dog:

rough-footed, rough-legged.
featheTleii, a. impennalfl (chiefly spec.);

spec, unfledged, callow.
teatherlike, a. penniform, pennate (rare),

pinnate, plumiform; — all four learned or

tech.
feathery, a. 1. feathered, plumoee (chiefly

spec.), plumy (chiefly spec.); spec, plum-
ate, fledgy (rare), downy.

1. Referring to a dog: curly-haired.
feature, n. I. lineament, point.

febrituee, a. antifebrile, antipyretic.

feoal, Inoal, a. dungy (chiefly spec.), ateiv
coraceouH (liierory or tech.), excrementi-
tious (literary or tech.).

tea, n. 1. benefice, fief, feud, feudatory.
>. See ESTATE, PAT, tip.
I. pa3Tnent (corttexlval), allowance (am^
textvat); spec, portage, entrance, tuition,
toll, towage, ferriage, honorarium, costs
(pi.), premium, procuration, retainer.

J , I. aliment (.rare); spec, gorge,

nurture, meal (ran?), grub {slang), mess,
fodder, forage, auokle, diet, breakfaat,
dine, dinner {rare), lunch (colloq.), sup-
per (coUog.), grate, hay (rore), soil, com
{rare), bait, water, pap.
Antonyms: nee famish.
1, Spec, fuel (a stove or fire), fire {an en-
gine), supply, gratify, nourish.

(••d, V. i. 1. Inferring to the action as lot-
ing place: eat.

9. liefernng to an action as eonlemplaled
or fuMtual: eat, fare, live {amlextual);
apee. subsist, board, meal, diet, gorge,
(fine, breakfast, lunch, etc, "Feed in thia
seate ie rare or slang.
Antonyms: see famish.

fcetflnc. n. feed, cibation (obs. or rare),
eat {slang).

I«*l, p. (. 1. See PEBCBIVB.

t. examine, test, touch; tpec. handle, fum-
ble, palpate, sound, probe, thumb, finger,
t. RKperience, entertain, make, taste,
find, bear; spec, believe, diBcover,

X. Spec, grope, fumble.
foalar. n. tactor (lech.): avec. palp, palpus,

whisker, vibrleaa, tentkclc, antlia, oarbel,

pedipalp.
f««Un|>, n. I. sentience; spec, touch.

9. experience; g/we. sensation, perception,

1. The faculty or capaaiy: sensibility,
emotionality, soul, feelingnesB, blood {fig.;
human feelinga) ; spec, heart strings (pi.),
demonstrativenesa, unction, sympathy,
antipathy, csnesthesis.
Antonyms: see insbnsibiuty.
4. emotion, sentiment, affection; spec, fire
{fig.), hate, hatred, hope, despair, sym-
pathy, pathos, love, glatmesa, anger, pang,
pain, sorrow, joy, e(c.
Antonyms: see inbensibiuti.
1. See AiTtTUDB.

faint, n. preteiiBe;8pee. artifice, stratagem,
expedient, trick.

fellolty, n. 1. See gi-adness, appropmate-
NKBB, a<

fflilns, a. cattish, catty {coUoq.), feUform
(rare).

fell, V, t. drop (especially loith a bhv> or
shot), down, floor, grouod; spec, prostrate,
throw, grass {chiefly slang), sandbag, cut

iiwtt "down"), hew {wiUt "down").
with "down"), etc.

B. dog (plaftful, humorous, or conlempfti-
oiis), customer (coUoq.; usually with
"queer," "ugly," etc.), cove {slang and mil-
gar in U. S.), Jack {coTiiempluoua), Gill
{slang), cull or cutly {slang and eonlempia-
oui), gaffer (rural Eng.), joker (slang),
Johnny or Johnnie (contemptuous or famil-
iar), cuss (in reproack, coTUempl, or humor-
ously; slang and enlloq., U. S.), cuffin
(thieves' eant), codger (disrespeelful and
chin Ay outnar), devil {coUoq. or slang),
wieht (nouj chiefly jocose), varlet (o Una

/.'Ilmu; archaic), comtrel (tn conlemvl; ar-
chaic), knave (a Imo feUaw; archaic), chal
(Gipsy), wallah (An^lo- Indian), shaver
{coUoq.).

don (Eng. vniversities) , dean {in Ox-
ford and Camirridge; Briliih),

(ellawBhlp, n. Spec, brotherhood, com-
radeship, membership.

female, n. she (rare, exc, as aitributive) ,
petticoat {eoUoq, or humorous); spec.
woman, girl, cow, hen, bitch, queen,
worker.
Antonyms: see uald.

female, a. ahe {chiefly in eomlrination),
feminine {usually spec.); spec, pistillate.
Antonym.s: see male, manly.

feme-BoIe, n. Spec, widow, spinster; — re-
ferring Co a woman at the time unmarried.

temlnlnlt7, n. femineity (rare), feminal-
ity (rare), femality {rare and humorous),
muliebriety (rare), feminacy (rare), (em-
inineness, teminility (rare), feminity
(rare), womanliness {the loord in ordinary
use and chiefly spec; "femininity" beiTig the
more formal word and also usually spec.),
womanishness (usually derogatory).
Antonyms: see manliness,

(enoe, n. 1. See paoTECTiON.
a. In fencing: guard; spec, parry.
I. inclosure, hay (archaic); spec, barri-
cade, stockade, paling, palisade, hoarding,
counter, pate (archaic), barrier, palisatM
(rore), hedge, ha-ha, weir.
A. As to stolen goods: repciver, lock (cant).

fence, v. i. guard (against); spec, parry,
evade.

Ienoe,[>. (. inclosure; jpec. wire, pale (rare),
palisade, polisado (rare), hedge (often
unth "in" or "about"), impale {chiefly lit-
erary), picket.

lender, n. dulfcr; spec, pudding, pad, hurt-
cr, Scotchman, shield.

W Oo« T^fanta: Kt No«.

ImUbc, a..- .«.««.(, affiaine.

frfl,a.: Acrc,,cn,d.h„tmf-I.l«i«-

Irily: rim.

{3" Soe Notu of Explanation.

I

larmant, n. I. sijine (Uck. or Tare): spec.
enzyme, diastase, pepsin, yc^it, IciLven
(novi chiefiy Bib.), barm.

S. See rERMENTATION, " ""

TATION, npBOAtt, FRET.

tBtsa*nt, V. i. I. work,

a. Spec, tret, aimmer.
feimentaitlaii, n. 1. ferment, working;

spec, zymosis (rare).

a. See GXCITBUGNT.

tern, n. Sjiee. brake, osmund, bracken,

hart '8- tongue, maidenhair.
tein-itaapcd. a. filiciform {tech.), filicoid

(tech.), fernlike.
ttray, a. bracky, brackeny.
faroaltr. n. 1. See VIOLENCE, AKDOB, lU-

PETUOaiTT.

a. unkindncss, ferociousness, truculence,
savageneas, savagery, doumess (Scot,),
grimneas (lUeraTy); spec, vandalism, stem-
neaa, angriness, malignancy, pitileasness,
murderousness, brutality.
Antonipni: $ee kipidness, oentlenebb.

fermle, n. band Icontextual). ring, ehoe,
collet, virole {rare); spec, thimble, cap.

femile, v. I. bind, shoe, cap, ring.

ferry, n. bac (French); g-aec. ghaut or ghat
(Anghi-Iridian), pont (So. A/rioan).

ttiiy, B. t, tranaport (conUxlual); spec, row,
sail, steam, pull.

lenjrmait, n. wat«nnan (conterfuoi); spec.
Charon.

tectUlxe, II. (. I. See FBOcnrr.
1. enrich, fat (rare tir literary), fatten;
spec, manure, compost, bone, warp
(Eng.), guano, salt, phosphate, nitrify.

fcrtillB«r. n. dressing; spec, compost,
.ure, dung, phosphate, bone-
aimer (obs. or rare); spec, rod.

dust, lis
fester!

pre (contextual), ulcer, pustule,
ulcerate, rankle (Uterary), sup-
purate (tech.).
feitlTml,R. I. carnival (properly spec), feast
(chiefly gpee.), fiesta (Ilalum); spec, ffile
(French; on a large scale), ffite champStre
(French), hightide (archaic or rare). Visi-
tation, holiday (now usually coiled a "holy
(^V")! Viuaha,, Candlemas, Christmas,
Xmas, Corpus Chriati. punm (ficbreui),
Bairam (Mohammedan), pardon {Roman
Catholic Church or oha.), Blaster, epiphany,

^udy day (Eng.), gala day, jubilee, feo-
tivity. harvest home, kirn (Scot.), hoolea
nr hooli (East Indian), dusserah (HiTtdu),
hypapante, enctenia. nanegyria or pano-

chanalia (pL), Dionysia (pi.).
9. See FESTIVITY.

feitlve, a. I. convivial, festal, feslivous j
(rare), feastfui (archaic); tpee. jolly, up> |
roorious, carnival.

ATitonyjnx: nee MOtlRNFiDI..
3. Asoeingf'mdo/TnerriTneni; seeoAY.

festivity, n. 1. festiveness, conviviality,
merrymaking.

2. festival, merrymaking; spec. oelebr»-
tion, rejoicing, revel.

fetid, a, malodorous, foul, olid (rare), rank,
nidorous {rare), stinking, graveolent (lUer-
ary; rhetorical, affected, or euphemiatie);
spec, gamy, rancid.
Anlonyme: see fraqbant.

fetlah, n. fetich (a iiariani), charm; spec,
juju. medicine,

(eudktory, n. vassal, beneficiary; spec.
prince, palatine.

lever, n. I. heat, fire {fig.), pyrexia (rare);
spec, feveret, febricula, ague, typhus, ty-
phoid, dcngiie, hectic, remittent, calen-
ture, mtermittent, quintan, tertian, quo-
tidian, quartan. '
9. Referring to a feverish slate: febrieity |
(rare), feverishness, febrility (rare), fien- ,

1. See nesiBEj ahoor.

fevered, a. excit^; spec, angry.

feverish, a. I. febrile, feverous (rare), fe- i
vered, pyretic (rare), pyrectic (rare), py-
rexial (rare), pyrexic (rare), pyrexical
(rare), febricitant (rare), febricose (rare);
npec. febriculuse (rare), inflamed, fiery.

S. See BXCITED, ARDENT,

few, a. sparse, small (with "number").
Antonyms: see all, uant, noubbb- \

few, n. handful; — a coUectim.

lewneas, n. paucity {kamed or formal),
scarcity, sparsity, sparsencss,

fiber, n. I. filament; spec, staple, fibrile or
fibrilla, strand, bast, sunn, oakum, istle,
henequen, hemp, jut«, cotton, pina, rafia,

a. SesTEXTDKB.

^ Croa ntertnm- aet

Mate.

tMUl: /<

li«, Aolutalf.

t.lt»r. T...- .»«*h-

Innri mariHv.

..■uirmtt.

latta, t. ■..- ihncUa, iamptr.

t^fl^U^

fMtoon,

fettle, 1. 1..* sroorn.

fatoh, p.

UtinnvOd.

drow, Ih.

H. dt^. dicU.

lead: /«.

flee.

feud: rjuorrnl.

terued: fmriiK. nciMd.

tertUs: /ruil/ul.

(•tOblDt

Quio«. flmnof e: bMrMsd.

liTTUt: hM. onirat

Itta. »..- «

nl^biinmmt. fiilital.

S>Mo: hiliT..

tartld: i^M, antnl.

.nfarloin./Hwl.

flmt: hiddxng.

tiTTor: hml, ardor.

(MIoh: /.

M.

m,: lU.

FIGUREHEAD

flberlike, a. fibrous, fibriform (rare), fi-
brine (rare), fibry; spec, fibrilliform

fiction, n. 1. See imagination (Die action).
S. Tke thing imagined: imagination, in-
vention, forgery, figment, fantasy, con-
coction, fabrication, story, fable, novel,
allegory, epic, assumption.
Antonyms: see actuality.

fictitious, a. Spec, mythical, dummy, in-
vented, imaginary, assumed, fabled, fabu-
lous, artificial; spec, paper.
Antonyms: see actual.

fiddle, V. i. 1. play ; spec. bow. Curiously,
though fiddle os a verb has no equivalent ex-
cept the general term **play,'* the verb ^^ fid-
dle," as ivell as the noun, is now rather con-
temptuous or familiar.

2. iSee POTTER, FIDGET.

fidset, V i. fidge; spec, fiddle, twiddle.

field, n. 1. Spec, clearing, glebe (poetic or
ecd.), paddock (chiefly dial. Eng.; in Aus-
tralia not spec), croft (British), meadow,
patch.

9. See COMPETITOR, EXTENT, EXPANSE,
SPHERE.

8. battlefield; spec, plain (chiefly poetic),
Armageddon (fig.).

fiend, n. 1. See demon, monster.
8. demon (of cruelty), shaitan (coUoq.),
brute, hellhound, cat (esp. of a woman),
wolf, tiger; see monster.

fierce, a. 1. See violent, ardent, impetu-
ous.

S. unkind (contextual), ferocious; spec,
glaring, dragonish, truculent, catawam-
pous (slang, chiefly U. S.), fell (chiefly po-
etic), savage, Vandalic (hist.), breme (obs.
or poetic), dour (Scot.), grim, cruel, stern,
angry, malignant, pitiless, merciless, mur-
derous, inhuman, tigerish, wolfish.
Antonyms: see kind, gentle.

fiery, a. 1. hot, igneous (literary or tech.),
red (fi^.), empyreal or empyrean (fi{i.);
spec, flaming, lurid.

8. See ardent, impetuous, feverish,
irritable, angry.

fight, n. 1. contention (contextual), con-
test (contextual), encounter, rencounter
(rare), conflict (formal), combat (prima-
rily spec), aff'air (contextual); spec. cufT
(rare), bicker (now chi'fly Scot.), bustle
(archaic), brawl, battle, aff'ray, fray,
m614e (French), mellay (archaic), ruffle,
engagement, action, quarrel, sciamachy,
digladiation (rare), duomachy (rare), pell-
mell (rare), duel, brush, theomachy, tour-

ney, just or joust, tilt, spar, scrap (coUoq,),
scrimmage, naumachia, skirmish.
8. See contention, contest.
8. pugnacity, pluck, game (rare).

fight, V. i. 1. contend, conflict (rare), com-
bat, battle, warfare (rare); spec, ruffle
(archaic), camp (obs. or dial.), war, battle,
scuffle, box, spar, strike^ tilt, just or joust,
bicker, brawl, duel, militate, crab, claw,
scratch, buffet, skirmish, strive, fistify
(nonce word).
8. See contend.

fight, V. t. 1. encounter, combat (now chief-
ly fid) > engage; spec buffet (chiefly fig.) y
war {rare), worry.
8. Cause to fight: pit, match.
8. See oppose.

fighter, n. combatant, contestant, cham-
pion (archaic, rare, or spec), contender
(contextudl) , combater (rare); spec, bat-
tler, warrior, militant (rare), duelist, du-
eler (rare), slasher, tilter, juster, jouster,
guerilla, gladiator, skirmisher, pugilist,
boxer, sparrer, cuffer, pancratiast.
Antonyms: see pacifist.

fighting, a. Spec combatant, militant,
belligerent, pugilistic, skirmishing, box-
ing, etc.

fighting, n. contention (contextual); spec
combating, warring, duel (with **the* ),
duello (Italian), fisticuffs (pi.).

figlike, a. ficoid (tech.), caricous (rare),
ficiform (tech.),

figural, a. Spec, graphic, diagrammatic.

figurative, n. 1. descriptive; spec sym-
bolic.

8. Rhet.: metaphorical, figured (rare or
spec); spec, allegorical, fabular.
8. See florid (of speech), ornate (in
art).

figure, n. 1. character (contextual), num-
ber, digit; spt;c. cipher, one, two, etc.

8. See FORM, PERSON, SYMBOL.

8. Referrina to the thing having aparticur
lar form: snape; spec ima^e, effigy, de-
sign, diagram, sculpture, cyhndcr, square,
hSU, triangle, ellipse, ovoid, oval, parab-
ola, diamond, parallelogram, rhombus,
ghost, sector (geom.), carving, casting,
molding, etc

4. In dancing: evolution; spec entrechat
(French), quadrille.

5. In rhetoric: image, trope, ecbasis (rare);
spec: metaphor, similitude, simile, ine-
tonymy, irony, litotes, diasyrm, aporia,
diaporesis, hendiadys, etc

fS^ Cross references: sec Note.
fictile: plastic.
fiddle, n.: violin.
fiddle-faddle, n.; trifle, trifling.
fiddler: violinist. [accuracy.

fidelity: constancy, tnUhfulneaa,
fidgety: uneasy.

fiducial: trustful, confidential.

fiduciary: confidential.

Aetzfee.

flendlih: devUiah, cruel.

flerlneu: ardor, heat, fever, trcw-

cibUity.
fig: trifle.

figment: fiction.

figure, V. t.: depict, ddineate, de-
scribe, ornament, compute, aym*
bolize.

figure, V. i.: appear, compute,

figured: ornamented.

figurehead: dummy.

13

tST S6e Notes of Explanation*

181

FILAMENT

r, hair, threadiet, cobweb, harl.

Slkmeiitoui, a. filamentary ; apee. thread'
like, fibrous, stringy, filar, thready, hair-
like, filirorm (lecli.j, capillary, fibrillose,
irroua (fccft.).
Spec, record, lodge, pigeonhole,
thread, stnng.

fUibniter, n. obstructionist.

AliETee. n. wirework.

fUtiiK. n. abrasion (coTUextwd) : Spec. lima-
tion (fy.; rare).

fUlnKd n. pi. limail {tech.).

fill, V. t. 1. Spec, inject (.ehiejly used with
"with"), stun, cram, pack, line, congest,
crowd, crown, overflow, fulfil (archaic),
infill (rare), brimful, brim, bumper, re-
plenish, chink (ooUoq., U. S.), saturate,
suffuse, plug, stop, cnarge.
Anlonyim: tee deplete, diuin, EMPtt,

9. See DISTEND, PERVADE.

I. trim (a Bail).

i. Referring to orders, eommissiorts, etc.;

execute, discharge, do, iierform.
flUet, n. 1. band (amfextuol),- gpee. (for the

hair) bandeau, vitta (literary), snood,

aphenodome, infula (Roman aniig,).

%, /n arehiteeliffe: apec. orlo, tisma, plat-
band, stria.
fiUlnXi n. Spec, packing, replenishment,

repletiion, filL cbiu^, stuffing.
flint, n. BKiD (contextual); spec, membrane,

nebula, scale, veil, pellicle, scum, lamina,

gauze, cloud.
flimr. a. Spec, clouded, flimsy, cloudy,

fine-spun, gauzy, pellicular.
filter, V. t. £ i. I. strain, filtrate, percolate

(umally epee.).

%. Smexodb.
fllth, n, I. dirt, sordes (leeh.), sordor (rare),

vilenesa, foulness, obscenity (Hlerary),

filljiiness, ordure (archaic), nastineas.

fllthr, a. I. dirty, foul, nasty, sordid (liter-
ary), obscene (literary), vile; spec, impure,
mucky, dungy, hoggish.

a. See INDECENT,

flu, n. 1. flipper, pinna (zoiil.); spec. sail.

1. See FBATHBK (in mechaniea).
anal, a. end (the noun used attributieely),

last, terminal, latest, ultimate, " "

spec, eventual, conclusive, decj

tremity^ spec. deciBiveness, eventuality,

pi. circumstances (eonlextual),
affairs (eonlextual).

nnaniilat, a. fiscal (cliiefy U. S. ttspec.);
spec, bursal.

UnHnclvr, n. Spec, investor, lender,
bist, capitalist.

fine, n. punishment (conteitaal), penall^i
mulct, amercement, asseasment, forfeit
(often spec.); apec. geld, wite, bloodwil
wergild.

an*, u. I. penalize (eontextwil),
mnlct,BeQaoe (Oxford Univers^}; apee. log.

fins, a. 1. refined, clear, pure. See pubs.
M. admirable, brave (liierory), choice, su-
perior, handsome; spec, gtonous, grand,
imposing, delicate, nice, subtle, nifty
(slartg: D. S.), divine, heavenly, superfine
tan intensive), fancy, splendiferous (cof-
loq.), bully (alano; U. S., and Bng. orf-
leges), dandy (slang or collag.). nobby
icotlog., slang, or cant), finical, surpaas-
ing, magnificent, superb, transceoaent,
spanking (eoUog.), nun (cant), crack
(slang or coUoq.), recherche (Frmeh). Aa
dang or coUoq. intensives: adorable, tear-
ing, ripping, splendid, rattjing, stunning,
elegant, great, boss, smastuDg, tearing^
bouncing, etc.
Antonyms: see dad, infee

I. See SMALL, SLENDER, SENSlTIVa, NICX,

iwit^^H

I

fine, infer/, bravol Manyoflhevordavndtr

"fine" and "exeelleTU" are more orletavaad

as interjeelioTis in corresponding senses,
fineness, a. excellent, delicacy, superiority,

subtlety, subtility (iioui rare), etc. C/, fine,
fine one. crack (colloq.), rattler (sUmg),

screamer (slang), chpper (slang), bouncer

(coUog,), dandy (coUoq.).

tS" An almost innximerable nunAer t^

words meaning jaimarily something nouy,

big, or the like, are used as slang or coVo-

guial leTTHs to express the idea qf aont^Mng

fine.
finery, n. ornament; spec, frippery, gaud-

ery (rore), gewgawry (rare), Bimcra^ery,
flncer, n. 1. digit (cliiefly leehX mudhooks ,

(pi.; slang); spec, mimmus, index, poiotec, '

nngerlet.

S. technique; — inmusic.

I. See TOiNTEB.
flnlal, n. !n architecture: ornament (om^ 1

textual), terminal; spec. crop.
finlBhif. t. t. See END, DR — "

fllUsnn: ^amtnlaiK.

BnM**: orl. arl<llre.
flngar, *. t.: AapuJla.
fluer, t- i.: plan. tov.
Bnlml: faiiidiout.
flaloklnr: fattidiout^
flnls: end. dftdh.

t^ Sde NotM of

FISSUBE

9. accomplish, crown, complete, con-
simmiate, fulfill, do, execute, round (esp.
with "out'').
Antonyms: see begin.
flnisli* V. i. 1. conclude, end; — in the sense
of "to have done"

S. See END, DIE.

flnisli* n. 1. See end, death, perfection,

ELEGANCE.

9. surface {contextual); spec, dress.

finished, a. 1. done, accomplished, over {in
prediccUive use; colloq.), complete, round-
ed, round.

Antonyms: see incomplete, unfinished.
9. perfect; spec, fine, elegant.
Antonyms: see unfinished.

flnishins, n. Spec, end, conclusion, ter-
mination, completion, etc.

finite, a. definable, limited, terminable.
Antonyms: see infinite.

flnitenesB, n. limitedness, limitation, fini-
tude, finity {rare).

fln-sliaped, a. pinniform {tech.), finny.

fire, n. 1. Spec, flame, coal, blaze, con-
flagration, beacon, bale {archaic), bale-
fire, ingle, bonfire, smudge, needfire,
spark, smother.
9. See BUBNiNG, fever, ardor.

fire, V. t. 1. See ignite, heat, eject,

EXPEL, EXCITE, ENLIVEN.

9. discharge, explode; spec. play.

firearm, n. piece, gun {coUoq., exc. as
spec.), popgun {contemptuous); spec, pis-
tol, revolver, rifle, mitrailleuse {French) ^
Martini, musket, jezail, bulldog, es-
copette {U. S.), fusil {obs. or hist.), fusee
(obs. or hist.), ealloper, harquebus, gin-
gall, jingaU, ctdverin, hackbut, hagbut,
chassepot (French), carbine, carabine,
cannon, gun, petronel, saket, falconet.

fireman, n. Spec, stoker.

fireplace, n. hearth, fireside, Krate {fig.);
spec, range, hob, cupola, cockle, tisar.

firework, n. 1. pyrotechnic; — both usually
in pi.

9. Spec, squib, girandola, rocket, pin-
wheel, petard, bomb, serpent, saucisson
{French), jack-in-the-box, maroon, flower-
pot, fizgig, wheel, jet, gerbe.

firm, a. 1. See fixed, constant, courage-
ous.

9. stable, solid, coherent, consistent, con-
sistency, steaay, stout, stanch, strong,
stiff, tight, secure, fast; spec, hard,
braced, tieci, inflexible, nailed, bolted, etc.
Antonyms: see shaky, tottering, weak,

UNSTEADY, RICKETY, LOOSE.

firm, V. t. 1. steady, stabiHze, stabilify
{rare), solidate {rare); spec, consolidate.

brace, jack {U, S,), nail, bolt, screw,
etc.
Antonyms: see weaken.

9. iSee ESTABLISH.

firm, n. association, concern, house; spec.

partnership, con>oration, company.
firmness, n. 1. Spec, fixedness, oourafle.

9. constancy, unyieldingness, backbone

{coUoq.).

8. stability, solidity, steadiness, stout-
ness, stanchness, strength, stiffness,
tightness, consistency, security, fastness,
solidness; spec, coherence.

Antonyms: see instabiutt.
first, a. 1. Referring to time or order: earli-
est, premier {rare), erst {obs,); spec, pri-
mary, primal, prime^ pristine, eldest,
aboriginal, maiden, onginal.

Antonyms: see last, final.

9. foremost, front, head.

8. See CHIEF.

first, adv. firstly {avoided by some), im-
primis {Latin), erst {archaic and literary);
spec, formerly.

first-class, a. exceUent, prime, scrump-
tious {U. S.; coUoq.), palmary {rare), psd-
marian {rare).
Antonyms: see inferior.

fish, n. fin (jig.); spec, fishlet, fishing, fry
{collective pi.),

fish, a, piscine {learned or tech,), ichthyic
{rare),

fish, V, I. U Spec, angle, bob, dap, dib,
dibble, torch, flyfish, troll, gig, guddle
{Scot.), grig, drive, snrimp, spoon, whiff,
spin.

9. SeesEBK,

fisher, n. fisherman, piscator {learned, often
pedantic), piscatorian {rare), piscatorial-
ist {rare); spec, angler, peterman {local
Eng.), wormer {couoq.), jacker, dibber,
drifter, trawler, trapper.

fishery, a. 1. piscary (tech.).
9. See fishing.

fishhook, n. angle {literary or rare); spec.
sockdolger {slang, U, S.), limerick, car-
lisle, sproat, kirby, etc.

fishing, n, piscatory {learned), piscatorial
{learned), halieutic {rare).

fishing, n. fishery, piscation {rare), halieu-
tics {the art; rare).

flshlike, a. fishy, ichthyomorphic {learned
or tech.), ichthyoid {learned or tech,), pisd-
form {learned or tech.).

flshiine, n. hne {contextiuil) ; spec, drail,
boulter, bultow, greatline, gimp, spiller,
whiffing.

fishpond, n. piscina {rare),

flshway, n. zigzag.

f3^ Cross references: see Note.
llniih«r: settler.
flmuunent: heaven.

flrit-rat«, a.: fine.
flioal: financial.
flMlle: deavabie.

fliillity: cleavage.
fliture, n..* cracky cUfi.
flMure, V. t.: cleave, tplit.

%3S' See Notes of Explanation.
183

flit. n. I. hand (amtartuo/), nieve or
(arehaie), duke (dang), doddle (dial.).

9. See CI.OTCB, HANDWRITINQ.

Bt, n. I. sit, set {by many eoiuiemned as not
in good ugage); $pee. bang, drape.

>. See PRBPABATION.

At, v. {. 1. See BECOME, frbparb, guALirr.

adapt; spec, adjust, justify, dovetail,

fay {U. S. or shipbuilding), juint, concin-

nate (jare).
fit, v. i. 1. sit, set (by many condemned as

not in good usage); spec. hang.

9. See SUIT.
fit, n. I. Referring lo a disorder: acceaa

{leeh. or lUerary), attack, qualm, luaes

(pi.; archaic), paroxysm; spec, touch, out-

9. Referring to a nenwus upset: spec, pet,
heat, taatriims (pi.), freaks (pi.), fury,
fume, iDassioQ, huff, gulc ({/. S.), spell,
convulsion, spasm, turu.

five, n. Of five things grouped: tinth "a" or
"an": spec, quinary (rare), quintuple
(rare), quintuplet, quintet, quintette,
pentad, quincunx, cinque.

Hf^-mngltA, a. pentangular, i)eQtagODal;
— both learned or ier:h.

Svaiold, V, t. quintuple, quintuplicate

oic V. 1. 1. fasten, immobilize (rare), plant,
firm; spec, lock, root, bind, stay, cement,
ship, nail, screw, congeal, freeze, clinch
("dench" is now rare in this sense), tie,

Antonyms:

t. SecESTA

1. decide, seal, nettle; spec. app>oint, de-
fine, harden.
Anianyjns: tee cbanoe, convert, alter.
A. Spec, (in figuraliiie or transferred iises)
set, corroborate, enchain, rivet, nail, con-
firm, implant, toasilize, grave or engrave,
impress, imprint, number, concentrate,
absorb, aettle. harden.

fix. V. i. set (which set) ; spec, harden.

lUatlon, n. Spec, conflation, implanta-
tion, fixture (rare), immobilization, es-
tablishment.
Antonjpns: see displacement.

fixed, a. 1. firm, set, secure, fast, immov-
able (rare), immobile; spec, certain (at in
"a dag certain"), sessile, irremovable, sta-
(Jonary, inerratic, etc. Cf. fix, v. t.
Antonyms:

'■e DISLOnOB, DISPLACE.

S. constant; spec, intranafonnable, in* 1
eradicabic, concentrated, unchangeable,
settled, unchanging, definite, certain, un-
shakable, upset, steadfast.

Antonyms: see caAMQEAaLE, convert- I

fixture, n. attachment, fittings (pi.),
equipment.

flaccid, a. limp, baggy, soft (conUxhud).

Sac, n. layer (contextual), flagstone "
ging (eoUeeliiie sing.), slab.

flai, n. I. bunting {colUetive sing.); spec. '
streamer, peniion, pendant, pennant, col-
ors (pi.), nlucpetor, banderole, bandiol,
burgee, brattach (Gaelic), raven, jack,
union, (anion, guidon, Dannebrog, tri-
color (French).

2. See TAIL.

flagon, n. stoup, gun (slang. Erig.),
flacranoy, n. grossness, outrageousneaa,
etc.; spec, notoriety.
flagrBnt, a. 1. See plamino.

3. gross, glaring, grievous (orcftaic), mon-
strous, outrageous; spec, violent, shame-
ful, notorious, wioKed, scandalous.

Antonyms: see excttsable, VNOtpour

flame, n. 1. blaze, hght, flare, low (chiefly

Seat.): spec, flake, flamelet.

S. See ABDOR, SWEETHEART.

flame, v. i. 1. burn (contexlaal), blaze.

a. SeeuusN (wilhzeall, shine.
flamlnc a. 1. blazing; spec, flaring.

S. bright {contextual), flaring, It^bent,

blazing.
iiBiiKe, n. flanch (rare), rib, rim; spec.

feather, collet.
flank, V. t. 1. border; epee. wing.

See ATTACK.

flap, n. 1. Spec, lap, lappet, leaf, lug, lapel,

fly, tab, tuck, apron.

S. beat (eonlextiuU), stroke {eontextual),

flaff (chiefly Scot.); spec, flutter, slat, flop.
flap, f. t. •£ i, beat (ennteztuol), strike (eott-

texlual), flaff (chiefly Scot.); spec, flutter,

Elat, flop, bate, winnow,
flapper, n. Spec, flytrap, chowry (India),

whisk, swingle.
flare, v. t. I. See display.

). spread; spec. bell.
Barinc, a. I. See plamino.

9. spreading; spec, funnel-shaped,

fundibuliform, bcll-moutbed.
fluh, V. i. blaze (contextuol), burst (as

'into flame," etc.), fulgurate (liter- <

tF Bee Note* of Eiplani

FLEXIBILITT

oary; rearer exe. fig.); spec, gleam, blink,
fulminate, flicker, bicker, glimpse (ar-
chaic), glimmer, shimmer, glisten, glance,
scintillate, sparkle, corruscate, glint,
twinkle.

flasht n. blaze (contextual); spec, flicker,
flaught (chiefly Scot.), burst, fid^uration
(literary; rare, exc. fi^.), gleam, blmk, ful-
mination, bicker, glimpse, glinmier,
shimmer, glisten, glance, spark, scintilla-
tion, corruscation, sparkle, glint, flip
(rare), twinkle.

flashlns, n. bright (contextual), blazing
(contextual), ful^uration (rare or fi^.),
glbtening, glittering, etc.

flashy, a. snowy, briUiant, Bowery (fig.),
loud.

flask-shaped, a. lageniform (tech. or rare).

flat, a. 1. plane (more technical), plain (an
unusual spelling), level; spec, flattish,
complanate, homaloid.
Antonyms: see uneven, hilly.

2. See HORIZONTAL, UNIFORM, MONOTO-
NOUS, DULL, BLUNT, DIRECT.

flat, ado. 1. See absolutely, exactly.
2. flatly (rare), flatling (literary); spec.
horizontally, lengthwise, flatways, flat-
wise, broadside, etc.

flat-footed, a. In zool.: plantigrade (tech.).

flatten, v. t. flat (rare or spec); spec.
smooth, level, lower, fell, depress, abate
(of wind), squash, squelch, strike.

flattened, a. Spec, deplanate (tech.), com-
pressed, flatted, oblate.

flatter, v. t. 1. Spec, adulate (learned),
compliment, gloze (rare), butter (fig.),
beflatter (intensive), blarney, beslobber
(intensive), blandish, smooth, soft-soap
(coUoq.; fig.), slaver (fig.), oil (fig.); see

CAJOLE.

Antonyms: see insult, abuse, discredit.
2. Reflectively: congratulate.

flatterer, n. adulator (learned), pickthank
(archaic) proneur (French), flattercap
(rare or dial.), Damocles (fl^.).

flattering, a. 1. adulating (learned), but-
tery (colloq.; fig.), silken (fi^.), silky (fig.),
sweet, candied (fi^.), fair, pickthank
(archaic).

Antonyms: see abusive.
2. See promising, auspicious.

flattery, n. Spec, adulation (learned), lip-
salve (fig.), glozo, blandiloquence (rare),
flamm (cant), daub (dial.), flummery
C^-), slaver (fig.), taffy (slang, U. S.),
sugar plum (fig.; an instance of flattery).

sugar (fi^.), soap (skmg; fig.), soft soap
(slang; fig.), honey (fig.), soft sawder
(fig.; slang, U. S.), blarney; see cajolery.
Antonyms: see insult, abuse.

flat-topped, a. tabular (formal or learned),

flatulent, a. windy, gassy, ventose
(learned).

flavor, n. 1. See smell, taste.
2. admixture (contextual); spec, dash, lac-
ing, lace, seasoning.

flavor, V. t. taste (for^); spec, spice, be-
spice (intensive), curry, lace, pepper, salt,
saffron (rare), lemon, ginger, omon, sea-
son, dash.

flavoring, n. Svec. seasoning, relish, zest,
spice, salt, conoiment, pepper, etc.

flaw, n. 1. crack; spec, brack, feather, wind
shake, honeycomb.
2. See FAULT.

flea, a. pulicine (learned),

fleay, a. pulicous, puHcose; — both tech, or
learned.

flee, V. i. depart (contextual); spec, nm,
slope (slang), skedaddle (colloq.; orig,
U. S.), fly (now the more common term;
*^fi€e'' being rhetorical or archaic).
Antonyms: see stay.

flee, V. t. avoid (contextual), run (rare), fly.

fleeoe, n. 1. toison (rare or literary),
2. See WOOL.

fleeoe, v. t. cheat, pluck (colloq. or fig.),
shave (colloq.), plunder, sweat (slang or
cant); spec, bleed (colloq.; fig.), skin (coU
loq.;fig), strip, flay (fig).

fleet, n. Spec, division (contextiud) , ar-
mada, caravan, convoy, flotilla, marine,
navy (poetic or rhet., exc. spec),

flesh, n. 1. muscle, beef (spec or eoUoq,);
spec, brawn, carrion, game.

Antonyms: see skin.

2. Referring to fruit: pulp, meat; spec
sarcocarp.

8. See MEAT, KINDRED.

flesh, a. creatic (tech.; rare); spec, fleshy,
fleshly.

flesh -eating, a. carnivorous.

flesh- eating, n. Spec hippophagy, hip-
pophsL^m;— both formal or tech.

fleshlike, a. Spec, sarcoid (tech.),

fleshy, a. 1. See fat, bodily.
2. sarcous (tech.), camose (rare), car-
nous (rare), carneous (rare), meaty {rare
or spec).

8. Referring to roots: camose (rare), pulp-
ous (rare), pulpy.

flexibility, n. flexility (rare), pliability.

t^^ Cross references: aee Note.

flashy: showy.

flaunt: disclose, wave.

flaunty: showy, boastful.

flaw, V. t. : crack.

flaw, n.; wind.

flay, p. /.; skin, criticize.

fleabitten: spotted.
fleck, V. ^; spot, streak, speckle,
freckle, dot.
fledi^e: feather.
fleecy: fluffy.
fleeing: fugitive.
fleer: smile, jeer.

fleet, V. i.: glide, hasten, speed,

vanish.
fleet, a.: rapid, transitory.
fleeting: transitory.
fletoh, V. t.: feather.
flewi: chop.
flex, V. t.: bend.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

185

I

I

pliantness, pliancy; spec. Buppltu
litbenesB, limbemess, withiness, willi
Deas, lisaomencss.
flexlbla, a. t. flexjls (ckiefiy Ueh.), bend-
able, pliable, pliant; gpec. supple, tithe,
limber, withy, willowy, lissom (poetic),
buxom (archaic and poetic), limp.
Antonytna : aee s'ii7~

1. See ADAPTABLE.

flJoker, II. i. I. Seer
%. flame (amtexliml), flutter, waver,
glimmer (les^ suggegtwe 0/ dying ovi ihan
the other wnrds), blink.

fllokar, n. 1. See yurrTEB, UOTIOK.

t. flame (amlexival), flutter, waver, wav-
ering, glimmer, blink.

flickerlni;, a. flaming (conlexttial), ini^r-
mittent (eontexlual), flutterinE, wavery
(rore), wavy, glimmering,

fllKlit, n. departure (eontextutd), fleeing;
spec, sauve qui pent (French), stampede,
rout, scurry, helter-skelter, scamper, de-
bacle, hegira or hejira, regituge (rare).

fllcht, n. 1. flying, volalion (rare), fly, vo-
lition (rare), wing, volatility (the power of
fiight; rare); spec, soaring, soar, mounting,
flit, flutter, hover, glide.
B. See FLOCK, ARBOW.
1. Rtjerfing to utterance 0/ wil, venting of
tears, etc.: spec, sally, burst, strain,
Btret«h.

i. Referring to motion of mietiies, falling
leaves, etc.: spec, rain, shower, storm,
flutter.

re);
_.. ,._ Jianj.

fllEhty, a. I. volatile, barmy (rare or liter-
ary), gigeiah (rare), shuttle-witted (or-
cAaic; jiff,), bird-witted (fig.).

a. See DBftANOBD.

fllmsj'i a. unsubstantial, slight, thin (con-
textual), frail; spec, filmy, eleazy, sleazy,
paper, papery, gossamer, gossamery.

Antonyms: see firm, stronq.
IUpp«r< n. limb (eontextwil), pinna (tech.),
flapper (rare); spec. wing.
llipt, ' "

1. Spec comiet (male or female), co-
quette (femeue), wanton; spec, philander-

airtatlon, n. Spec, coquetry, flirtiDg, dal-

hance, wantonness, philandering,
SlTtatloui, a. flirtish (rare), flirty (rors);

spec, coquettish, coquet.
Bit, V. i. I. hasten, dart.

9. See DEPART.

>. fly, flutter, flicker, twinkle, skit,
float, i>. t, 1. buoy (rare, exc spec.); spec.

hve, swim, ride, waft, drift (eontextuoT),

drive, tide.

a. Referring to objeete poUed in Ike air, in

water, etc.: buoy, hang; spec, swim, trail,

stream, watch (of a buoy), fluff, waft, fly.
.4711071^9.' see sink.

S. See GLIDE.
float, V

Antonyms: t

t.ln fisking: dobbcr (heal, U. S.); ipee.
cork, quill, darby,

t. Of a xoagon unth its display, in a prneet'
sion: pageant (arcAatc or hist.).
floatioBi a, t. afloat, natant (tech. or rare),
superfluitant (rare), supernatant (rare),
swimming.

1. unfunded; spec, variable; — referring to
a debt. eU.
floooulent, c

(rare), cottony '
(rare), floccose.

UOLTITUDE,

(chiefly spec), flocky
woolly (primarily Bpec),

OROUP.

2. Referring to a group of gregarious
mats: plump (arekaie, or dial. Eng.);
troop, herd, pack, drove,

}.);spee.
shoal or

All the terms are secondarily appSal to hit-
man beings, tdth implications of resped,
fear, contempt, etc., implied by the luerat
senses, as "bevy" to maidens and ladies,
"herd" to a roioie of persons, etc.
flock. If. i. congregate; spec, school, herd,

Sock, n. clump (eontextual); spec, lock,
flake, tuft, dag, floccule, flocculus.

flock, V. i. gather (contextual); spec. tuft.

floe. n. Spec, field, sheet, pan, cake, flaJce,

aoetiac, a. plagoflo (humorous).

flood, n. 1. Spec, deluge. Niagara (fig.),
wave, rage, flush, inunc&tion, conflueaoe,

FLURRY

cataclysm, tide, debacle, torrent, freshet
or {less usual) fresh, overflow, waterfall,
cloudburst, countertide, spate (chiefly
Soot.), downpour, water (contextual),
bore, eagre.

1. See FLOW, ABUNDANCE, EXCESS.

flood* a. diluvial or diluvian (chiefly spec.);

spec, cataclysmic or cataclysmal (tech, or

learned).

floodf ate, n. Spec, stanch, weir, penstock.
floor, n. 1. bottom (contextual), flooring;

spec, pavement, parauet, stage, decK,

contignation (rare or ohs.),

1. See STORT.
floor» V. t. 1. cover (contextual), lay; spec.

deck, plank, pave.

1. See FELL.
floorolotb, n. covering (contextual); spec.

carpet, linoleum, oilcloth, rug, etc.
florid, a. 1. flowery, ornate, embellished;

spec, rococo, figurative, figured, luxuriant.
Antonyms: see prosaic.

1. See RED, RED-FACED.

flotation, n. floatage; spec, supematation.

flounoo, V. i. & n. 1. Spec, flounder, fling,
throw, whop, flop, struggle, tumble,
fling, toss, plunge, blunder, slosh, twitch,
plouter (chiefly Scot.).

1. See RUSH, JERK.

flounoo, n. & v. t. furbelow.

flour, n. powder (contextual), meal (now
chiefly spec); spec, sujee or suji (East
India), tapioca, tarina, cones (cant).

flourisb, V. t. swing (contextual) ^ upsway
(rare); spec, brandish, wave, whisk, sweep,
flaunt, shake.

floturlsb, n. 1. See show.
1. swing (contextual); spec, shake, bran-
dish, brandishment, wave, whisk, sweep,
flaunt.

S. Referrina to writing, etc.: stroke, quirk;
spec, paraph.

4. In music: floriation (rare); spec, ca-
denza, fanfare or fanfarade, tantara, tar-
antara, blast, tantivy.

flow, V. i. 1. run; spec, stream, spew, spring,

Sutter, dribble, pour, purl, gurgle, drain,
raw, flush, trickle, gush, rush, ripple,
flood, tide, regorge (rare), reflow (rare),
outflow, effuse, extravasate, well (used
with **out'^ or *'up"), inflow (rare), in-
flood, interflow, bleed, discharge, roll,
glide, geyser.

5. See PASS, Qo, glide, issue, emanate,

ARISE, wave, rise.

S. abound, run; — as with gold, milk and
honey, etc.

flow, n. 1. nm (rare or 8j)ec.); spec, tide,
stream, dribble, pour, drain, trickle, gush,
geyser, rush, flowage, determination, cur-
rent, flash, nood, fluxion (rare, exe. med.),
flux (rare, exe. med. or fig.), fLuhh. drib-
bling, streaming, bore, wave, guggle, dis-
charge, tide, ripple, defluenoe (rare), de-
fluxion, catarrh.

S. Spec, passage, glide, issue, emanation,
blow, abundance, rise.

flower, n. 1. blossom, bloom, blowth
(rare), blow (rare); spec, floweret, flos-
cule, flowerage (coUectwe), floret, inflores-
cence (collective; tech.), drop.
1. In pi.: bloom (a coUedive).
S. Referring to the state: see bloom.

4. See BEST, ESSENCE, £litb.

flower, V. i. 1. blossom, bloom, effloresce
(rare); spec, emblossom, tassel (chiefly
U. S.).
1. See DEVELOP.

flowery, a. 1. bloomy, blossomy, flowerful
(rare), florulent (chiefly in decorative art);
spec, floscular (rare), flosculous (rare,
norigerous (rare),
1. See FLORID.

flowing, a. 1. running, current (now rare),
fluent (rare and pjg.j exe. spec); spec.
guick (rare), dribblmg, gusning, nux-
ional. livine (Biblical usage), decursive
(rare), confluent, decurrent (rare), de-
fluent (rare), refluent, interfluent (rare),
influent, profluent (rare), excurrent (chief-
ly tech.), scaturient (rare), circumfluent
or circumfluous.
Antonyms: see stagnant, motionless,

STILL.

S. See ABUNDANT.

flue, n. duct (contextual); spec, chimney,
tunnel.

fluent, a. 1. See flowing.
1. Referring to speech, expression, etc.:
ready, facile, flowmg, easy, voluble; spec.
glib.
Antonyms: see dumb.

fluff, n. down, fuzz, floss; spec, flue, lint.

fluffy, a. downy, fuzzy; spec, fleecy, cot-
tony, linty, woolly.

fluid, a. 1. running, fluent (rare), fluxible
(archaic); spec, gaseous, liquid.
ArUonyms: see solid.

5. See unstable.

fluid, n. Spec, liquid, gas, aura, humor

(archaic).
fluidify, V. i. Spec, gasify, liquefy.
flurry, n. 1. excitement, agitation, bustle,

fluster, confusion.

Cross references: sec Note.
flooded: afloat.
flossy: ixUcy, downy.
floorlslilnc: prosperout, luxuri-
ant.
flow, V. t. A n.; throw.

flown: gone.

fluctuate: vary, waver, twing.

flue: fluff.

fluke: arm, lobe.

flume: channd.

flummenr: noruente, porridge.

flattery.

IkvaaHL, V. i.: faU.
flunk, n.: failure.
flunkey: manservant, footman.
flnoreeoentt {umtiMtcenf.
fluny, V. t.: bualle.

tST See Notes of Ezplan»tlon.

187

%. See

S. redden' (conltaJuoi), mantle ("/ <*«

clieelc); spec, blush, fluster.
flnih, V. t. 1. flood; apee. wash.

S. reddea (contexlaal), inflame.

■. See EL&TB.
flnih, n. 1. See flow, flood, THRILL,

BLATFON, HEIOBT.

S. redness (conlexlwU), color (cimteTfuaJ),
rubicundity (rare; rhelorieal or afiiterf),
glow; spec, blush, bloom, hectic (rare).
Antontpns: see pallor.
fluBh, V. I. start (uaed esp. with "up"), rise;
spec, retrieve.
flnahcd. a. t. red ieonleiluat}, flush, rubi-
cund (rare; rhelorieal or stUled), ruddy,
' wine; tnec. hectic, b'

*!.),

flaulo (ludian); spec, diaulos (Greek
arUig.}, fife, tibia, flautine (Italian),
poogye (Ilindit nogefiule), piccolo.
I. channel {amleiiiuU) , groove; spec, gof-
fer, gauffer, crimp.

flutia, B. i. plaj[ (coiUextiiai), pipe (con-
lexlual); spec, tibicinate (rare), fife.

flutist, n. player (eoiileztua.1), flut«r (rare),
piper (coiUexlual), flautist: spec, fifer,
Ubicen.

flutter, n. 1. See flap.
i^tation, twitter (eolhg. or dial.), flut-
teration (coUoq, or slang), twitteratlon
(slang); spec, play, tremmc, confusion.

flutt«F, 1). i. playi wave.

fly, B. ». 1, Spec, wing, flit; clip (archaic),
flitter, soil, flutter, soar, kite, glide, flick-
er, hover, rode, outfly (poetic), rocket,
sweep, flush, hang.
I. See MOVE, GLrnB, float, depaht,

SPREAD, VANISH, DISAPPEAR.

fly, V. 1. 1. In hunting with a hawk: chase.
a. See FLEE.

fly, n. 1. Spec, tsetse, bot, bott, dun, gran-
nom, dunfly, dtpter (tech.), drake, gnat,
midge, bluebottle, ichneumon, breeze,
I. Referring to artificial flies: spec.
hackle, harl, palmer, butcher, governor,

Sackle, grannom, Dobson (U. 5.), dun,
mfly, dropper, heckle, goldfinch, hornet.
flyer, n. I. volator (rare); spec, bird, bat,
squirrel, sauropter, saurian.

|»" Ctoss rtfiraus: nw Noie. Sditretei rm/t

fliuh, (. I.: ritt. Sutcd: chanrtfti

flmh, a.: abtmnditiff. abundant.

a. See

flylDK. n. 1.

(rar^), flight.

flylnci o, volant (ra

spec, cireumvolant.
foam, n. froth (less dignified than "foa.

spec. Bcum, cream, mantle, head, spume, I

lather, suds (coUoq.; -pi.).
loftm, c. i. [roth; spec, s

tie, spume, bead.
foam, II. I. befoam (an tnterurive), froth;

spec, scum, mantle, spume (rare). i

foamy, a. frothy; spec, creamy, spumoua,

spumy, spuraescent, lathery.
foouc, V. t. center, concenter, converge,

concentrate, focalire; — all bid "Joeaiize," .

conlexlJuU.
Antonyms: see scatter.
fodder, n. feed, provend (artiiMe); spec. ,

Grovender, chaff, browse, wintfirins, ensi-
ige, silage, ramoon (East India), hay,

oats, beans, etc.
tag, n. I. cloud (eonlexlual), mist (eoniexl-

ual), brume (rare), nebula (rare); spec.

haze, smother,

*. See HAZB.
toggy, a. 1. cloudy (eonlextuat), thick,

misty (amlextual), hazy, brumous (liler- I

01^), nebulous (ra

tagf, n. fogrom, fogrura, fossil, foozle; — '
all coUoq. or slang, and used esp. vktk I

toll, n. 1. See sheet.

S. foliation; s^. trefoil, quatrefoil, |

einquefoil, sexfoit.

t. In arl, etc.: contrast, set-off; spec

foist, V. i. I. See intbosucb.
9. palm.
fold, n. 1. folding, double, doubling, turn,

Elication (leeh.), plicature (Irdt.); s
ip, coil, induplication (rare), folaure
(rore), ply, plait or pleat, tu»jc, wimple
{arehaie or Scot.), plica, ruga, folio, anti-
cline, isocline, syncline, wrap, bosom,
nook (Scot.), wrinkle.

S. See CLASP, EMBRACE.

fold, V. I. 1. double, turn, pUcate (lech.);
spec, lap, coil, plait or pleat, tuck, ruckle 1
(ri^e), mterfold, wrap, infold.
Anlimj/ins: see unfold.

1. See CLASP, EMBRACE.

tartar.'n

i.; Awry. bunlU.
fliutvyi coTifvred.

Oy, 1 fliaM. lenois. lafl.

fob, n..- pocktt, chain.
C?* Bee Nat« dI ZipUsmt

FOOTMAN

folded, a. plicate {tech.); spec, lapped, in-
duplicate, double, etc.

follow, V. t. 1. accompany {contextual) f at-
tend {contextual); spec, heel, dodge, tag
{coUoq.)y dog, hound, hunt, bedog {inten-
sive) y trail.

ArUcmyms: see lead, precede, preface.
2. trace, run; spec, retrace.
S. See PURSUE, succeed, adopt, ob-
serve, COPY.

follow, V. 1. 1. Spec, heel, tag, attend, hunt.
2. come {contextual) f attend, succeed, en-
sue, emanate {rare); spec, result.

follower, n. 1. sectary or sectator {rare);
spec, successor, pursuer, heeler.
Antonyms: see forerunner, predeces-
sor.
2. See adherent.

following:, a. sequent {chiefly spec.), sub-
sequent {chiefly spec), secjuacious (rare),
sequential {rare), succeeding, successive,
attendant, ensuing, consecutive.
Antonyms: see preceding, prefatory.

following:, n. 1. followers {pL): spec.
clientele, clientelage, clientage, clientry,
retinue.

2. Of the act: spec, succession, consecu-
tion, pursuing.
Antonyms: see precedence.

foment, v. t. 1. bathe; spec, embrocate.
2. See foster, incite.

fond, a. 1. See foolish, pet.
2. affectionate; spec, {as implying excess
or bad judgment) overfond, doting.
Antonyms: see cold.

S. partial {used with "to**; coUoq.); spec.
greedy {used with ''of').

fondness, n. 1. afTection.
2. desire {contextual), appetite, partiality
{used with '7o" or "for''), taste, gout
{French), relish.

font, n. Of type: fount, letter {tech.).

font, n. 1. Eccl.: laver, delubrum {rare).
2. See fountain, spring.

food, n. nourishment, nutriment, nutri-
tion, nurture {literary or learned), aliment
{chiefly tech.), nouriture {rare), foodstuff
(chiefly spec, and commercial), ingesta
{pL; tech.), meat {archaic, exc. in * meat
and drink"), victuals {pi.; now chiefly
tech. or somewhat inelegant), viands {pi.),
tackle {sIoTig), scran {slang), scraps (pi.),
creature {literary or dial.), provisions {pi.),
provant {rare), provand {rare), proviance
{literary or rare) , pro vend {archav), prov-
ender (now humorous or referring to food
for animals), pabulum {referring to food for

animals or plants, exc. as humorous), prog
{slang), peck {slang), grub {slang, dud., or
cant), cram {dud. Eng.), belly timber {aT-
chaic or died.), belly cheer {archaic), tuck
{slang), crug {slang, Eng.), tack {chiefly
in '* hardtack'*); spec, ration, board, fare,
cates or acates {pi.; archaic) ^ bit {chiefly
dial.), livery {hist.), diet, dish, dietary,
slops {pi.; slang or cant), bait, delica-
tessen {pL), mash, manna, flummery,
scrapple {U. S.), browse, bite, bread,
flesh, greens, ete. Cf. feed.

food, a. cibarious {rare), cibarian (rare).

fooling:, n. 1. foolery, tomfoolery; spec.
nonsense, buffoonery.
2. See deception.

foolish, a. 1. See unwise.
2. senseless, silly, empty-headed, fatuous,
fond {archaic), inane, goosish {rare; col-
loq.), goosy {rare; coUoqT), desipient {rare),
brainless, weak, light-minded, empty,
daft, harebrained; spec, lunatic, soft,
buffoonish, crazy, idiotic, imbecile, vain,
inept.
Antonyms: see wise.

S. deranged {contextu^al), sawney (coUoq.);
see imbecile.

foolishness, n. 1. See unwisdom.
2. foolery {chiefly concrete), folly, fond-
ness {archaic), desipience {rare), silli-
ness, jackassery {contemptuous), fatuity,
fatuousness {chiefly the quality); spec.
lunacy, inanity, vanity, dotage, idiocy
{colloq.), infatuation, ineptness, madness,
levity.
Antonyms: see wisdom. *

foot, n. 1. extremity {affected or humorous),
pedal {humorous or affected), dewbeater
{slang; chiefly in pi.), paw {esp. spec);
spec, pad, heel {fig., or the hind foot), nooi,
barefoot, splayfoot, clubfoot.
2. See bottom, base, end, infantry,
aggregate.

S. In prosody: unit; spec, dactyle, tri-
brach, trochee, iambus, diabrach, pyr-
rhic, dochmiac, dichoree, diiamb, etc.

foot, a. pedal {affected or humorous, exc. as
spec).

foot, V. i. Spec, walk, hoof {slang); — used
wUh 'Ht."

football, n. 1. pigskin {coUoq.), leather
{colloq.).

2. Of the game: spec, ru^r (slang), rugby,
soccer {slang), association.

footlig^hts, n. pi. floats {cant).

footman, n. servant {contextual), Jeames
{humorous).

tW Cross references: see Note.

foliaceous: leafy.

folJase: leafage.

foliation: fotl, leafage, leafing.

folio: word, leaf.

folk: kindred, people, nation.
folly: foolishness.
fondle: caress.
fondling: pet.
foods tuff: food.

fool, n..* simpleton, buffoon, tm-

becile.
fool, V. t.: deceive.
foolhardy: venturesome.
foot, V. t.: add.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

189

tootpktha n, footway; ipee. sidewalk, berm.

footprint, n, ste]) nr footstep, vestige (lU-
erarji); spec, prick, track, Iraco, pug
{Aiiglo-Indian), seal, pad, ictmite, icb-
nol'te, ornithiehnite.

faot-ihap«d, n. pcdifona (lech.').

tootsoIdlBT. infantryman, footmSin (rare),
peon {India), arabby (slang atid opprabri-
<na), infantry (a eoUediue) ; spec. pellaBt.

foat*t«p, n, 1. footfull, tread (ehiefiy
spec.); av^c. clamp, tnunp, pad.

>. iS^e FOOTPHINT. STEP.

footstool, n. Spec, ottoman, buffet, has-

for, prep. att«r.

foibeaianoe, n. abatention, desiatance;

forbeulnE, a. Spec, patient, sparing,
mild; see tolerant.

forbid, V. t. 1. prohibit, enjoin: spec, inter-
dict, ban, taboo, proscribe, debar, inhibit,
disallow, veto, embargo.
AnlimyTna: see en), ask, APi*otNT, peb-mtt.

forblddanoe, n. prohibition (Jormal), for-
biddal; spec, veto, interdiction, ban, in-
hibition, debarment, proBcription, taboo,
disallowance, embargo.
Antonyms; see

forbidden, a. prohibited (formal); spec.
interdicted, taboo, prescribed, contra-
band, unlawful.

tocblddtoc, a. 1. prohibitory (formal);
sjKc. interdictory, intflrdictive (rare), in-
hibitory or inhibitive.

(oioo, n. 1. energy, power; spec, principle,
djrname, vehemence, strain, head, might,
bur {ehUfiy Scot.), cram, dint (in "by
dint of"), vim {eoMog.), via (Latin), rap-
ture (rare), wrench, twist, stress, tension,
compression, shear, brunt; see energt.
%. Qf lariguase, ideat, etc.: enei^; spec.
emphasis, pith, nervousness, sway, effi-
cacy, cogency, snap (coUiiq.), pithines-s.
>. See VIOLENCE, compulsion, con-
straint.

4. body, corps, array (rkelorical); spec.
crew, poaae, posse comitatus (Latin),
army, command, tercio, impi (Kaffir), de-
tachment, patrol, regiment, squadron,
battalion, fleet, convoy, etc.

toToa, V. t. I. effect (rare); spec, squeene, ,

pre«s, elbow, pinch, drive, hurst, bear,
mch, rush, hustle, repel, inject.

t. See VIOLATE, COMPEL, ENTEB, ETETOBT,

forced, a. artificial, unspontaneous (rare);
spec, harsb, strained, constrained, com-
pulsory.
etutt

!, dynamic, vigorous, V\

lorciblft, a. 1. energetic; spec, vehement,

heady; see energetic.
Antonj/ini: see weak.

t. SfS VIOLENT.

S, efficacious, forceful; spec, (of language,
ideas, etc.) sinewy, nervous, pithy, ro-
bustious (rore), important; see cogent.

ford, n. crossing (eoTUextual), shallow (eon-
textual), fordage, wade (collog.); apee.
ghaut or ghat.

ford, B. I. cross (eontexluai), wade.

fore, a. anterior, forward; spec, first, front,
foregoing.
Anlonyina: see hind.

forebode, v. t. 1. anticipate (amiextaal)l

■devii.

torebodlDB, a. anticipative (contextual), i
forebodeful, presageful, presentieat (rore); '
spec, croaking, croaky, etc. CJ. forebode.

torebodiiiK, n. anticipation (eoniextaal),
presage, presentiment (dignified), boding,
premonition, preaeneion (rare), bode (oi^
chaic), boderaent (rare); spec, preappre-
hension (rare), croaking, etc. Cf. FOBS-

torexTOand, n. front, fore (rare); spec
forefront,
Aidnnymn: see BACKOROtiND.

forehead, n. metopon (tech.), brow, front
(poetic or rhetorical).

lorohead, a. metoplc (tech.), frontal.

loreltn, a. 1. exterior, outride, external,
peregrine (rare), strange (archaic, exe.
specl), outlandish (chiefly spec.), outland
(archaic), alien (chiefly spec.); spec, exotic,
extraneous, extrinsic, barbaric, barbar^
ian, oversea, tramontane (rare), unnadvo
(rore), metie.

FORGOTTEN

ArUonyms: see native, domestiCi in-
land.
1. see xtnnatural, apart, irrelevant,

UNRELATED.

forttlcner, n. alien (chiefly 8pec.)f stranger
(chiefly Bib.), outsider (contextual), out-
lander (archaic or poetic), extern (rare);
spec, exotic (rare), ultramontane, bar-
iMurian, tramontane (rare).
Antonyms: see native, citizen.

forttlcnism, n. alienism (chiefly spec.);
spec, exoticism. Gallicism, Briticism,
Irishism, etc.

foreknow, v. t. foresee, precognize (rare).

foreknowledf e, n. prognostication (Uter-
ary), prescience (chiefly spec.), presension
(rare), presensation (rare), precognition
(learned or literary), prenotion (rare);
spec, preacquaintance (rare).
Antonyms: see ignorance.

forenslo, a. controversial, argumentative,
rhetorical.

forerun, v. t. precede, precourse (rare),
precurse (rare); spec, anticipate, fore-
shadow, introduce, prelude.

forerunner, n. 1. predecessor, precursor;
spec, apparitor (tech. or hist.)^ pioneer,
prelude (only fi>g.), harbinger (chiefly lit-
erary), outrunner, avant courier (French),
prodromus (rare), herald.
Antonyms: see follower.
1. See ancestor.

forerunning:, a. precursory, precurrent
(rare), prodromal (rare).

foresee, v. t. anticipate, previse (rare),
forelook (rare), preview (rare), prevision
(rare); spec, prognosticate, forecast.

foreseeing:, a. prescient (chiefly spec), pre-
cognizant (rare), previsive (rare).

foreshadow, v. t. signify, indicate, shadow,
prefigure, foreshow, adumbrate (learned);
spec, presage.

foreshadow, n. antitype.

foresig^ht, n. anticipation, prescience
(chiefly spec), preview (rare), prevision
(rare), onsight (rare), prospection (rare),
forelook, prospect (learned or literary);
spec, providence, forecast.

forest, n. woodland, wildwood (poetic or
rare).
Antonyms: see prairie.

forester, n. woodman; spec, woodward,
landreeve.

forestry, n. woodcraft, silviculture; spec.
dendrology.

foretaste, n. earnest, pregustation (rare),

antepast (literary), handsel (chiefly Eng.);

spec, prelibation (chiefly fi^.).
foretaste, v. t. pregust (rare), anticipate.
forethought, n. forecase (rare); spec.

providence, anticipation, premeditation.
Antonyms: see afterthought.
forfeit, n. fine (contexttud), forfeiture; spec.

deodand.
forfeit, V. t. lose; spec, escheat.

Antonyms: see gain.
forfeitable, a. In law: spec, lapsable,

escheatable, caducary.
forge, n. furnace, smithy (now chiefly liter-
ary), smithery (rare), stithy (rare); spec.

bloomery, hearth.
forge, V. t. 1. smith (rare), stithy (rare);

spec, tilt, extund (rare).

1. See DEVISE, CONSTRUCT, FABRICATE,
INVENT, COUNTERFEIT.

forger, n. 1. worker (contextual), smith;
spec, blacksmith, whitesmith, goldsmith
(archaic), silversmith (archaic), tilter,
Cyclops, Vulcan, Hephsestus, Hephaistos.

S. See COUNTERFEITER.

forgery, n. 1. smithing (rare)^ smithery

(rare).

S. See FICTION. COUNTERFEIT.

forget, V. t. 1. oisremember (chiefly dial.),
bury (fl>g. or coUoq.), oblivionize (rare),
unknow (rare); spec, unlearn.
Antonyms: see remember, recall.
1. See OMIT.

forgetful, a. 1. forgetting (rare, etc. spec),
leaky (contemptiums or undigriijied),
short (referring to the memory), oblivious,
unmindful.
Antonyms: see retentive.

S. See NEGLECTFUL.

S. Lethean; — causing forgetting.

forgetfulness, n. forgettine, oblivion,
Lethe (fig.), forgetness (rart), oblivious-
ness, obhviscence (rare), forget (rare);
spec, amnesty, limbo.

forgiveness, n. remission (rare), pardon
(spec, or fig.); spec, absolution, amnesty.

forgiving, a. excusing, remissive (rare),
placable.
Ardonyms: see UNFORGiviNa.

forgo, V. t. abandon, forbear (by the exer-
cise of self-restraint); spec, remit.
Antonyms: see keep.

forgoing, n. abandonment, forbearance;
spec, remittal, remission.

forgotten, a, unremembered, gone, disre-
membered (chit fly dial.), lost.
Antonyms: see retribution.

tsr Cross references: sec Note.
forMnoat, a.: first, chief.
foreordain: appoint, destine.
forepart: front.
foreshow: foreshadow, signify.
forestall: anticipate, prevent.
foretaste: anticipate.

foretell: predict.
forethlnk: consider.
foretoken, n.; sign.
foretoken, r. t: signify.
foreTer: eternally, alioaya. Also

cf. constant.
forewarn: team.

foreword: preface.
forcather*' gcUher, meet, asso-
ciate.
force, V. t.: invent, deviae.
force, V. t..- overreach.
forfflTe: excuse, absolve.
forfflTeness: exeiue, abMolution.

t^^ See Notes of Explanation.

191

folk, n. 1. divarication (literary), crotch (a
Komely word, now ekiefiy U. S. and dial.
Eng,; chiefly tech. or apee.), crutch (rare);
spec, tormentor,

a. See BBANCH.

fork. V, i. branch (contextual), furcate (lit-
erary or lech.), divaricate {lileraryoTtech.);
spec, biturcnte, trifurcote.

tacked, a. torfcy (rare or spec.), crotched
(see fork), furcate (liUrary). divaricate
(litfrary); spec, bifid, biforked, bifurcate,
trifurcate, htuate.

torUnc, a. branching; »pee. dichotomous.

tockliiKi n, branching, furcation (literary),
divarication (literary or leek.); spec.
dichotomy, trichotomy, bifurcation.

lotto, n. shape (more concrete and a less
elevated term than "form"), figure, mold
(orig. spec,); spec, galbe (French), model,
impresaion, cast, toumure (French, chiefly
eani), conformation, fashion (a word that
is beaomiTig archaic in this sense), figura-
tion, config'iration. outhne, build, format
(French; tech.), gel-up (colioq.), cut, con-
tour, eontectionj crystal, eic.
>. ceremony, nto (chiefly spec), cere-
monial, observance, formality; spec, con-
ventionality, office, mystery (chiefly in
pi.), ordinance, performance (often cnit-
templuoia), liturgy, sacrament, sacra-
mental, USB, augury, baptism, etiquette,
cult, hierurgy, punctilio.

DEB, CLJtaa, TYPE.

iDEmt B. I. make, produce, efform (rare),
shape, fashion (dignified), i:iform, consti-
tute; spec, coin (often depreciatory), de-
velop, organize, conceive, create, fabri-
cate, fovmd, emboss, describe, block,
model, mold, mingle, mix, arrange, con-
struct, reconstmct, generate, compose,
build, turn, cause, contract.

form, V. i. Spec, develop, make, come,

formal, a. 1. ceremonial, ritual, ceremoni-
ous; spec, official, conventional, func-
tional, perfunctory, pertunctionary (rare).
Bet, modal, outward, solemn, academic,
liturgical, Pharisaic or Pharisaical, exter-

Antonyms: see iNTOEtUAL.

S. Referring to ■mannert, actions, lan-
guage, etc.: rigid, ceremonious, stiff, un-
bending, precise; spec, prim, starch, puno-
tiUous, Duckram (flg.), stilted, ri^d, af-
fected, bombaatic, etc.

Antonyms: sf-e ■pNCBaEMONiODa, collo* I

qUrAL, HOMELIKE, INTIMATE, FAMIUAB. J

lorm&Utr, n. 1. convention, conventional-
ity, formulism, custom, circumstance, red
tape (eliiefly spec.), wiggery (flg.; rare).

punctilio, periunctoriness,
s. See FOBM.
iormallEe, v. t. 1. See define.

■. Spec, conventionalize, ceremonialise.

formation, n. formature (rare); spec, is- J
vention, coinage, malformation, produc-
tion, contrivance, development, composi-
tion, creation, growth, coagulation (fig.),
conformation, generation, genrais, r-
struction, potence, echelon, terrane.

formatlvo, a. fashioning, informative I
(rare); spec, creative, morphotic, plastic, J
shaping, modeling, cosmoplastic.

locmeT, a. earlier, prior, previous, ci- i
dcvant (French), sometime (ijidefinite), |
whilom (archaic or literary), past, bygone,
heretofore (rare), ouondara (ijtdefiniit;
literary); spec, preceding, late.
Anionyms: see subsequent,

formeilj', a. heretofore, quondam (rare),
erst (archaic or poetic), erstwhile (archaic),

«(co

q.).

formidable, a. fearful, redoubtable (often
humorously ironical); epee. doughty (or-
chaic or rhetorical), difficult, dangerous,
impassable, etc.

formless, a. inform, chaotii!, shapeless,
amorphous (ledi. or learned).

formula, n. 1. form, formulary, rule; spec.
(eed.) credo, behef, confession.
I. recipe (used chiefly in medicine or
cookery) , receipt (■used chiefly in cookery) ,
prescription (med.).

lormnlate, a. t. state, formularise, formu-
lize, frame, devise; spec, schematize, draw,
institute.

lormnlatlon, n. statement, devising, for- ^^
mulanzation, formulisation. ^^H

iDrtifloatloii, n. defense, stronghold, fast- ^^H
ness, bulwark (ftlerar^), fort (ehisfiy ^^M
spec); spec, fieldwork, citadel, fortlet, ^^H
hold (archaic), capitol, fortalice, fortress, ^^^
rampart, rampire (archaic), redoubt,
breastwork, redan, earthwork, tower,
marlello-tower, baatile, sconce, keep, don-
jon, curtain, surtout, lodgment, lunette,
tenailie, gabionade, traverse, tambour,
contravallation, flanker, castle, star, ar-
cumvallation, tetragon, rath (Irish kitl.),
mount or mound (hist.), presidio (Spattr'
ish), burg (Gmiian), Kremlin (Russian),

ID: Iru/u.

lorthcamli
loitbwltll!

FOWL

zareba (in the Sudan), gurry (Anglo-
Indian), pillbox (slang), post.

fortify^ V. t. 1. strengtnen; spec, brace
(oneself or one^s spirits), encourage,
brandy.

2. fence (literary or a rchaic)^ fort (rare),
fortress; spec, rampart, rampu^ (archaic),
fraise, stockade, wall, mound, battle (oba.
or poetic), embattle, mure, entrench,
counterscrap, countermure.

fortunate, a. 1. See auspicious.
2. prosperous, chancy (Scot.), happy,
lucky, Tblessed; spec, successful, timely,
providential.

Antonyms: see unsuccessful, unfor-
tunate, UNLUCKY.

fortunatelyv adv. happily, well, etc.

fortune, n. 1. accident, chance, luck, hap
(archaic); spec, goodhap (archaic); see
misfortune.

2. luck, cast (obs. or dial.), lines (pL; ajter
Ps. xvi. 6)^ fare; spec, prosperity, success,
felicity, misfortune.
Antonyms: see misfortune.
S. See fate, wealth.
4. competence, sufficiency, pile (coUoq.);
spec, independence, plum (obsolescent
slang, Eng.).

forward, a. 1. onward, advancing, pro-
gressive, progressing.
Antonyms: see backward.
2. See fore, ready, bold.

forward, adv. onward or onwards (esp. in
space), on, along, forth, forth ward (ar-
diaic); spec, before, ahead, frontward,
frontwards, forthright (archaic), ad-
vanced, advancing.
Antonyms: see backward.

foster, V. t. aid (contextual), promote,
cherish, nurture (rare, exc. spec.), nurse
(fig. or spec); spec, foment, cosset, nuz-
zle (fi^.; rare), mother (fig.), cultivate,
patronize, cradle, nourish, harbor, en-
courage.
Antonyms: see extinguish.

fosterage, n. aid (contextual), promotion,
nurture, nourish, nourishment; spec, fo-
mentation, cultivation, patronage, en-
couragement.

foul, a. 1. dirty (contextual), impure,
filthy, immund (rare), sordid (wUh filth or
offensive dirt; a rather literary word),
tetrous (rare), obscene (archaic or rare);
spec, rank, festering, squahd, loathful
(rare), noisome, feculent, loathsome,
loathly (literary)^ loathy (rare), dreggy,
polluted, disgustmg, fetid, muddy.

Antonyms: see clean.
2. See dirty, abobonable, entangled,

UNFAIR, discreditable.

S. Of toeather: spec, unfavorable (context-

lud), black, dirty, nasty, rough, wet.
Antonyms: see clear.
foul, V. t. 1. dirty, defile, contaminate;

spec, bemire, pollute, sully.
Antonyms: see clean.

2. See contaminate.
fouling:, n. dirtying, defilement, etc.
foulness, n. 1. dirtiness, impurity, filth;

spec, feculence, squalor, squalidity (rare),

squaUdness, loathsomeness, loathfiilness,

pollution, bilge, putridity, etc.

2. See CONTAMINATION.

foundation, n. 1. base, basis, support,
groundwork, bottom, suostruction {rare),
substructure (rare), tablement (rare);
spec, ground, rest, bed, bedding, ground-

sel, stereobate, socle, pierre-perdu
(French), sill,
fond (French).

t — — _ — - ^ — — , ^_____,
(French), sill, grillage, riprap

(&r

-s.),

2. See ENDOWMEI^, BASISj REASON.

S. Spec, college, fellowship, monastery,
church, etc.

foundational, a. fundamental, basic,
basal.

founder, n. establisher, author, projector,
father, patriarch, organizer, foundress
(fem.), builder; spec, oecist (rare), heresi-
arch.

four, n. 1. quatre (French), tetrad; — re-
ferring to the number.

2. Referring to a group: quartet, quar-
tette, quartetto (Italian; chiefly in music),
tetrad, quaternion, quarternity (rare);
spec, quatre (rare), tiddy, quatuor (music;
rare).

four -angeled, a. quadrangular (learned).

fourfold, a. quadruple, quaduplicate; —
both learned.

four-footed, a. quadruped, quadrupedal
(rare), four-foot (poetic or obs.).

four-handed, a. quadrumanous, quad-
rumane, quadrumanal ; -^ a{2 mree tech.
or learned.

fourpenoe, n. groat, flag (coUoq, or cant,
Eng.).

four- sided, a. quadrilateral, tetrahedral;
— both tech. or learned.

fourth, n. quarter, quartern (ohs. or rare).

f ourway, a. quadrivial (of roads; learned
or rare).

fowl, n. !• See bird.
2. gallinacean (tech.), chicken (primarily
spec.), poultry (a collective); spec, hen,

Cross references: see Note.
fortitude: courage.
fortnightly: biweekly.
fortress: fortification.
fortuitous: accidental.
fortuity: chance.

forum: court.

forward, a.: fore, precocioua, as-
suming, impudent.
forward, r. t.: advance, send.
fossil: remains, fon.
fossilise: petrify.

fossorlal: dipoing.
fouled: difiud.
found, V. U: cast.
found, V. t.: base, esUMish, colo-
nise.
foandf V. %.: rdy.

IS* See Notes of Biplaiiatloii*

193

biddy (now chiefly collaq. or humoroim),
cock, capon, chick, pullet, broiler, roaster.

tax, n. Charley or Charlie (used an a prop.
name), reynajd (quaei proper name), low-
rie (jpMst proper name; Scot,); spec, vixen,
whelp, CUD.

loshontec. pink (eanJ).

toxj, a. 1. alopecoid (tech.), vulpine
(learned or lech.), vulpeculaj- (rare),
a. SeeABTfOi..

fncment, n. 1. part (amlextual), division
(etmiexlual), fraction (rare); spec, crumb,
flinders (pi.), frittem (pt.; rare), smitbera
(pi.; coUoq.), sqiithereenB (pi.; eoUoq.),
ortfl (pi.), frustum (rare), calf, sliver,
shiver, splinter, morsel, chip, shard,
ehred, brickbat, potaherd, crock, sippet,
■. See PAET.

teacrant, a. sweet; spec, aromatic, spicy
(o ttronger term than aromaiic), balmy,
ambrosial or arabroaian. perfumy (rare).
ATttonjfnts: ae« fetid, tLL-sHGLLINa,
OANK.

Intme, n. I. See btbuctore.
t. framework; apet. case, curb, yoke,
griff, gate (rare), tenter, sash, easel, rack,
cadge or cage, casement, chase, brake, cof-
fin, nurst, crib.
■. See DiBPOfiiTtoN.

tTKme, V. t. 1. See adapt, ikcunx.
S. construct, enframe (rare), form; spec.
set, build, erect.
S. devise, form; see intent, compose.

point-blaok, unequivocal, outright, Dun-
stable ifi^.; literary), candid, downright,
unreserved, open-hearted, c^ve, sincere,
liberal, open, undisguised, guileless, art-
lea's, genuine, unartful, free-hcarled.
AntonyinB: see hypocritical, affected,

se).

bkntio, a. excited (amtextual), frenzied,
phrenetic (rore), desperate, transported,
craiy (spec, or coUoq.), distraught (liler'
ary), distract or (mare ueuatly) distracted;
spec, passionate, ecstasied or ecstatic,
tnad, horn-mad, mfiiriale, delirious, mad'
ding (poetic), mtenadic, must, daft, giddy.

(laatloneM, n. excitement, desperateneaa,

desperation, distractedness, frenzy, furor,

fury, mania, etc.
trateralty, n. brotherhood; spec, frii

society (contextual), club '

synomasy (rare),
fray, if. {. rub, wear, frazzle ( U. S. and dial. .

Tn0.),' xpee. fret, shred, tatter, Tavel.
'Fray" is often used teUk "<mi."
fraafc, n, I. See cafbice.

B. lusus natune (Latin), abnormality,

monstrosity (ckiefijj spec.); spec, sport,

mutation, comic^ty, Judy (fig.), abor-

freakr, a. 1. See capriciotjb,
S. abnormal, sportive, monstrous (chiefly
spec.); spec, abortive,

freokle, n. spot (contextual), blemish (a
eonlcxiiud sense), fleck, lentigo (tech.),
fernticle (obs. or dial).

lieokle, V. I. spot (contextual), discolor
(contextual), fleck.

free, a. 1. independent, frank; spec, eman-
cipated (rare), emancipate (rare), mano-
mitted, liberated, unenslaved, libertine
(obs. or hisL), franlt (obs.), ransomed, siu
juris (Roman laic), free-bom.

3. self-governing, autonomous (learntd or
lech.), independent,

S. Referring to physical freedom: loose,
unconfined, unrestricted, bondless, un-
trammcled, unrestrained, quit, uncon-
trolled, inadherent, unimpeded, unat-
tached, uncombined, solute, clear (as a
rope), unentangled.
Antonyms: see coNyiNED.

4. costless, expenseless, gratuitous^ gratis
(a less dignified term than "graluUous"),
chargelees.

B. exempt; spec, immune, privileged.
(. See affable, OEKERons, carelebb,

LOOSE, BOLD, FAUILIAB, TOLUNTABT,
SPONTANEOUS, FRANK.

fiee, I', I. I. liberate, release, deliver, m^
cue, loose (chiefiy spec.); spec, redeeio,
ransom, manumit, emancipate, disen-
slave (rare), disenthrall (liierary), enfran-
chise (tech. or lileraTy), forisfamiliate (Bo-
man law), unvassal (rare), enlarge (rore or
law), discharge, parole (fig.), dip, disen-
twine, disimprison, disincarcerate (rare),
disimmure (rare), disbody (rare), disem-
body (rare), relaJi (Scots Into), unbind,
clear, extricate, unleash, uncloister (i '

I

I
I

I.- WC NOK

lTK(iiiaDt*ry: ■'■du
Iimcrmiio*: ameU.

le NotH ol Explanatlda.

aupciai$. ^^H

FREQUENTER

unchain, unpen, unfetter, uncage, dis-
embed, disyoke, eliminate, evolve, oisem-
barrass, disencumber.
Antonyms: see pledge, pawn, fasten,

CATCH, GRASP, CLASP, CONFINE, CON-
STRICT, IMPRISON, IMPOUND, SHACKLE,
TRAP.

a. Referring to freeing from what holds
fast: disengage, liberate, clear; spec, dis-
entangle.

S. Rejerring to freeing from evilj oppres-
sion^ etc.: deliver, relieve (rare, exc. spec.),
rid (emphatic); spec, disburden, unburden,
debarrass (rare), disencumber, dispossess,
emancipate, discharge, clear, disengage,
disembroil.
Antonyms: see bind, commit, enslave.

4. exempt; spec, privilege, excuse, im-
munize, frank (rare).

tr«ebooter» n. desperado (contextual);
spec, pirate, berserK, berserker, viking,
buccaneer.

tree- bom, a. ingenuous (chiefly Roman
hist.).

treedman, n. libertine (Rom>an hist);
spec, deditician (Roman hist.).
Antonyms: see bondsman.

freedom, n. 1. independence, liberty; spec.
emancipation, manumission, release, de-
livery, ransom, rescue, etc.
ArUonyms: see bondage, slavery.
1. liberty, unrestraint, play, disenga^
ment, enlargement, discharge, disimpris-
onment, disembodiment, etc.
Antonyms: sec confinement.

5. self-government, independence, auton-
omy (Immed or tech.).

4. liberty, license, swing (often coUoq.),
latitude, oreadth; ^pec. ease, discretion.

5. exemption, impunity; spec, immunity,
privilege.

•• See EASE, FAMILIARITY, READINESS,
BOLDNESS.

freeholder, n. franklin (ohs. or hist.),
charterer (hist.); spec, yeoman.

freeing, n. 1. liberation, emancipation,
manumission, deUverance, enfranchise-
ment, release, ransom, disenthrallment,
etc.
Antonyms: see enslavement.
1. Spec, discharge, disembarrassment,
exemption, clearing, quittance, disen-
cumberment, disengagement, delivery,
releasement (rare), riddance, loosing,
dispensation, relief, deliverance, enlarge-
ment, elimination, disembodiment, dis-
incarceration, disimprisonment, disen-
gage, immunization, redemption, etc.
S. exemption ; spec, privileging.

freely, adv. Spec, gratis. Cf. free, a.

freeman, n. Spec, noble, ceorl (Eng,
hist.), burgess, burgher, liveryman, citi-
zen.

free-thinker, n. libertine (disparaging),
antinomian (learned); spec, skeptic, un-
believer.

free-will-ist, n. libertarian (disparaging),
indeterminist.

freeze, v. t. 1. congeal (contextual), chill
(contextual), befreeze (inter^sive).
Antonyms: see boil.
2. See stick.

freeze, v. i. 1. cool; spec, regelate.
ArUonyms: see boil.
S. See stick.

freeze, n. congelation, cooling; spec, frost.

freightage, n. Spec, cartage, wagonage,
ferriage, etc.

freighter, n. Spec, loader, forwarder,
shipper, vessel.

French, a. Gaulish (poetic or humorous),
Gallic (somewhat humorous). Galilean
(learned or hist.). Parleyvoo (humorous);
spec. Romance, creole, Frenchy, Frenchi-
fied.

Frenchify, v. i. & t. Gallicize.

Frenchman, n. Parleyvoo (humorous),
Froggy (slang); spec, creole.

frenzy, n. excitement (contexttud) , passion,
transport, ecstasy (chiefly spec.); spec.
rapture, fury, delirament (rare), heat,
rage, turiosjty (rare), furor, orgasm
(rare), furiousness, burn (fig.), chafe
(archaic), rave (rare)^ oestrus or oestrum,
must, distraction, delu^um, derangement,
enthusiasm, fanaticism, fad; see also

TRANSPORT.

frenzy, v. t. excite, transport, ecstasy
(chiefly spec.), rap (chiefly spec.); sj>ec.
ravish, rapture, distract, enrapture, im-
passion, furify (rare), madden, enrage.

frequency, n. 1. oftenness (rare), oitness
(archaic), thickness (in space or time),
quotiety (rare), howmanyness (rare);
spec, repetition, habitualness.
Antonyms: see infrequency.
S. commonness (cf. common).

frequent, a. 1. often (archaic or rare),
thick (in space or time); spec, many, daily,
hourly, rapid, minutely, momentary.
Antonyms: see infrequent.
S. See COMMON.

frequent, v. t. haunt (often spec.); spec.
infest, affect, visit, use (rare), attend,
ghost (rare), overrun.

frequentation, n. haunting, infestation,
visitation, use (rare, exc. spec), attend-
ance.

frequenter, n. haunter, resorter, habituj
(French), etc.

f3^ Cross references: see Note.
free-handed: generous.

free-hearted: frank.
free lanoe: adventurer.

freight: load.
freiiBled: frantic.

tW See Notes of Explanation.

195

FRESH

fresh, a. 1. new, recent; spec, green, warm,
unfaded.

Antonyms: see ancient.
S. Referring to meatf vegetables, etc: caller
(Scot.); spec, green, uncured, unsmoked,
undried, crisp.

Antonyms: see withered.
S. unsalted, sweet; — referring to water,
food, etc.

4. Of the air, etc.: spec, pure, sweet, re-
freshing.

Antonyms: see close.

5. Spec, unexhausted, energetic, bloom-
ing, clear, strong, vivid, brilliant, addi-
tional, green, dewy, unobliterated, brisk.

Antonyms: see exhausted, tired, wea-
ried.

freshen, v, L refresh, revive, liven; spec.
renew, brighten, quicken, brisk or
brisken.

freshman, n. novice; spec, plebe (U. S.;
coUoq.), puny (Eng.), bejan (Scot., but obs.
at Edinburgh).

freshness, n. 1. newness, recency; spec.
greenness.

2. Spec, brilliance, bloom, dewiness, ver-
dure, vigor, flush, glow, energy, strength,
etc.
Antonyms: see weariness.

fret, V, t. 1. erode, gall, chafe; see fray.
2. See agitate, annoy, irritate.

fret, V. i. 1. erode, chafe; spec. fray.
2. chafe, fume, stew (colloq.); spec, worry,
repine, ferment, boil {colloq. or slang).
S. roughen, ripple, babble; — referring to
water, etc.

fret, n. 1. erosion, chafe; spec, breach.
2. agitation, chafe, stew (colloq.), fume;
spec, ferment, fermentation, worry.

friar, n. 1. ecclesiastic {contextv^l) , frate
(Italian), shaveling (opprobrious), broth-
er; spec, mendicant, breviger (hist.), car-
meUte, Franciscan (Gray Friar), Domin-
ican (Black Friar), Augustinian, Mini-
mite (rare)'. Minim, Minor, tertiary, dis-
calceate, limiter (hist.), cordeUer (Fran-
ciscan), calender (Mohammedan; a loose
v^e).
2. See MONK.

friary, n. association \contextuaI) , friars
(pi.), convent.

friend, n. 1. intimate (contextu^al) , Da-
mon (fig.), familiar.
Antonyms: see enemy.
2. approver (cf. approve).

friendliness, n. amicability, amity, cor-

diahty; spec, brotherliness, neighborli-
ness, kindness, etc.

Antonyms: see opposition.
friendly, a. 1. amicable, cordial; spec.
brotherly, kindly, neighoorly, lovesome
(archaic), friendlike.

Antonyms: see unfriendly.

2. See FAVORABLE.

frig^hten, v. t. fright (rare or poetic), fear
(archaic), affray (rare), affright (chiefly
literary), alarm, scare, frav (archaic) ^
funk (slang); spec, appall, shoo, terrify,
terrorize, dismay, gaily (dvat. or whaling) t
horrify, freeze, cow, daunt, startle, con-
sternate, intimidate, stampede, drive.
Antonyms: see encourage, entice.

frill, n. 1. edging; spec, jabot, purl, nich-
ing, ruche (French).

2. See AFFECTATION.

fring^e, n. border, edge, fimbriation (tech.),
fimbrilla (dim.; tech.); spec, phylactery
(erroneous), bulUon, macram6, bang, fim-
bria.

fringe, v. t. border, edge, fimbriate (tech.).

fringed, a. bordered, edged, fimbriate
(tech.), frin^, jubate (tech.; rare); spec.
ciUate or ciliated, cirrated.

frisky, a. lively (contextual), antic; see

FROLICSOME.

frivolity, n. frivolousness, lightness, einp-
tiness, foolishness, fribble, levity, flip-
pancy, trifling, flimsiness, silliness, vola-
tihty, flightiness, giddiness, frippery,
trumpery.

frivolous, a. light, empty, foolish, light-
minded, li^ht-headed, fribble, contemptu-
ous, trifling, frippery (contemptuous),
eiddy, flimsy, silly, volatile, flighty, frivol
(colloq. or slang), fribblish (fare), butter-
fly (fig.), unideaed (rare), jiggish (rare),
trumpery; spec, overlight, flippant, hoity-
toity.

frock, n. Spec, gown, dress, overall, coat,
jersey.

frog, n. 1. amphibian (contextual; tech.),
paddock (Scot); spec, frogling, tadpole.
2. Referring to part of a horse* s foot:
cushion, frush.

froglike, a. batrachoid, raniform; — both
tech.

frolic n. play, caper, sport, lark, sky-
lark (colloq.), prank, trick (colloq.) ; spec.
romp, rollick, escapade, racket (slang),
spree (colloq.), hoity-toity (rare), gambol,
curvet, frisk, merrymaking, cantrip
(chiefly Scot.).

tW Cross references: see Note.

freshet: flood.

freshly: <igain.

fret: ornament, variegate.

fretful: irascible, agitated, gusty.

friable: crumbly.

friotlon: rubbing, dissension.

fright: /ear.
frightened: afraid.
frightful: alarming.
frigid: cold, dull, distant.
frlgorlflo: cooling.
frippery: /?ner|/. show.
frisk: caper, frolic.

frit:'raZcin«.

fritter, n.; fragment.

fritter, v. t.: break, waste, trifle.

frlTOl, r. t.; trifle.

friz, frizz: curl.

frizzle: curl, cook.

frizzly: curly.

t^ See Notes of Explanation.

196

FULL

frolio, V. t. play, prank (rare), sport; spec.
rollick, caper, romp, lark, skylark (coUoq.),
freak, frisk, gambol, curvet, wanton,
spree {coUoq.).

froliosome, a. playful, frolic, sportful,
sportive, prankful {rare), prankish (rare);
spec, frisky, frisk, larkish (coUoq.), larky
(colloq.)y larking (coUoq.), rompisn, nmip-
ing, rompy, ^d, skittish, noity-toity,
capersome.

txonifVrep. fro (Scot, and dial.); spec, with,
off, of.
ArUonipns: see toward.

front, n. 1. Spec, forehead, face, look.
1. fore (chiefly tech. or a quasi noun),
forepart, forefront (emvhatic), foreside
(obs. or tech.); spec, van, nead, beginning,
foreground, proscenium (tech., exc.
learned as fi^. or transferred), heading,
breast, frontage, belly; see foreground.
Ardonyms: see back.

S. Referring to a building: face, fagade,
frontal, frontispiece (rare).
Antonyms: see back.

4. Referring to an army, etc.: van; spec.
vanguard.

S. See CARRIAGE.

front, V. t. 1. See face, oppose, meet,

COVER.

5. lead (go in front), head (by having the
front place), face.

frontier, n. border, coast (archaic),

frontlet, n. band, frontal; spec, cham-
frain, forestall.

frost, n. 1. See freeze.
S. Referring to white frost: hoarfrost, rime
(literary or tech.), crainreuch (Scot.), hoar
(rare).

frosted, a. hoary.

frown, V. i. scowl, lower or lour, gloom,
glout (rare), glower, cloud (contextual),
Anlonyms: see smile.

frown, n. scowl, lower or lour, gloom
(chiefly Scot.), flout (rare), glower, cloud
(contextiud) .

frowning, a. scowling, lowering or lour-
ing, lowry or loury, glooming, glowering,
clouded (contextual), cloudy (contextual).

fruotlfloatlon, n. fecundation, fertiUza-
tion, impregnation; spec, masculation, or-
tho^amy^ heterogamy, autogamy, self-
fertiUzation.

fructify, V. t. fecundate, fertilize (chiefly

spec), impregnate (cause to become preg^
nant; chiefly spec); spec fruit.

fructifying, a. fructincative (rare), fecun-
datory (rare or tech.), fertihzing, fructifer-
ous (rare).

frugal, a. 1. sparing, chary; spec, abstemi-
ous, economical.
2. See SCANTY.

fruit, n. 1. Spec fruitlet, fruitling (rare),
fruitage (a collective), follicle, drupel,
drupelet, key, samara, legume, mericarp,
cremocarp.

2. produce (a collective sing.), vegetable
(with no definite distinction from ** fruit** in
popular use).
S. See PRODUCT, effect, outcome, good,

PROFIT.

fruit, V. i. fructify; spec. bear.

fruit -bearing, a. frugiferous (rare), fruo-
tuous (chiefly spec).

fruit -eating, a. frugivorous, fructivorous;
— both tech.

fruitful, a. 1. productive, fertile, fecund
(archaic or rare), prolific, feracious (rare),
fructuous (chiefly spec); spec, teeming,
polyphorous (rare), teemful, uberous
(rare), plenteous (chiefly poetic), good,
broody or breedy (dial, or coUoq.), exuber-
ant, eugenesic (rare), fat or latty, rich,
gleby (rare), proliferous; — m<iny of these
terms being used, figuratively or by trana^
fer, of the mind, imagination, etc.
Antonyms: see barren, unproducttvb.
2. See productive.

fruit grower, horticulturist (contextual);
spec, orchardist, orchardman.

fruit growing, horticulture (contextual);
spec, pomiculture (rare), pomology.

fruiting, n. fruitage.

fry, V. t. cook (contextual); spec, saut^
frizzle, fricassee.

fry, n. Spec fricandeau, frizzle, fricassee.

fuel, n. firing (Eng, or archaic); spec.
kindling, breeze.

fugitive, a. 1. fleeing; spec, runaway, hide-
away (rare),

2. See TRANSITORY. EPHEMERAL.

fugitive, n. fleer (rare); spec, runaway,
vagabond, wanderer, refugee, runagate
(contemptumLs) .

fulcrum, n. support.
Antonyms: see lever.

full, V. t. thicken (contextual); spec. mill.

I^" Cross referenus: see Note.

frontage: front.

frontal: frontlet, front.

froaty: cold, gray.

froth, n.; foam, nomense,

froth, V. t.; foam.

frothy: foamy.

frounc«: curl.

froward: perverse. ]maldy.

frowsy: slovenly, red, red-faced,

frosen: congealed, cold.

fructify: fruit.
fruitage: fruiting.
fruition: enjoyment.
fruitless: barren, ineffectual.
frustrate: defeat.
fubby: fat.
fuddle, V. t.: confuse.
fuddle, V. i.: drink.
fuddle, n : confusion, carouse.
fudge, V. t.: fake.
fudge, n.: nonsense.

fudge, interj.: bosh.
fugacious: transienL
fuloruin, n.: support.
fulfill: accomjAish, satisfy ^ obswt

perform.
fulfillment: aceompHshmmUt

satisfaction, obedienes, psr/orvi-

ance.
fulgent: luminous.
fulgurate: flash.
fuliginous: dark, smoky.

14

tST See Notes of Eiplanation.

197

foil, a. 1. replete (a stronger and more
farTnal term than "full"), plenitudinary
(rare), plenitudJnous (rare); sfKC. brim-
ful, flusn, swollen, chock-full or choke-
full iaomeiehat coUoq,), crammed, crowded,
packed, atuSed, overSowiiig, puffy.
ATitonsfirig: see empty.
I. satined, sated or satiated; spec.
gorged {im plying frosa gonnandisiTig),
craiomed (coIuhj.), stuffed.
S. loose, flowing; spec, baggy, foldy
(rare), pouched, pouchy.

4. Re/erring to the voice: rounded, oro-
tund (lileraTy), rotund (Jormalortech.).

EXHAOSTIVE, DETAILED, CIBCUMSTANTIAI,

full, n. completion, utmost.
loll-blaadcil, a. 1. plethoric, eauRuine,

sanguineous, hiematose (rare); — aU four

informal, learned, or literary use.

M. Ref erring to breed, etc: pure, true.
Anlmj/ms: tee btbiud.
lollei, n. hammer {amtextual), hardy

(Haeksmtihing).
loUnest, n. i. repletion, repleteness (less

vsutd), impletion (rare), plenitude

(learned or Uterary), plenum (rare); «jmc.

carcuinetantiaiity, puffin ess, satiety.
Antonyms: see emptiness, vacanct.

5. Spec, completeness, absoluteness,
plumpness, rotundity, abundance, etc.

folTOUBi a. yellow, fulvic (rare); spec.

tawny, tan.
tamlfate, f. I. 1. reek, suffumigate (rare),

fume; spec, smoke, match, disinfect.

a. See PEHFUUG.
fun, n, 1. Spec, humor, wit, drollery,

waggishness, waggery (rare).

tiiniitlon, n. I. activity, duty, office, prov-

1. See ACTION, CBBEMONT.

1. /nTn<it'i..*8pec.Eine,coBine,8ecant,coBe-
cant, logarithm, intermediate, faculty, e(c.

tuaotlon, t>, t, act (contextval), function-
ate (rare), serve.

lund, n. accumulation, stock, supply: spec.
box , reserve, pool , bank , cap! tal . endowment.

lundknieiitBl, a. basic, basal, underlying,

S round, bottom, basilar (rare); spec, car-
inal; see eleuentart, essential.

Antonyms: i
fiin«tal, a. I. burial iconlextual), funeral.
feral (rare), exequial (rare), epjcedial
(rare), funebrial [rare), sepulchral; apee.
funerary, elegiac.

1. See DARK, GLOOUT, BORROWPUL.

Iuhkui, n. Spec, mushroom, toadstool,
bunt, fuzzball, bullfiat, puSball, mold,
rust, smut, agaric, mildew, tuckahoe,
champignon, truffle, morel, etc.

tunnel, n. channel, tunnel (rare); ipec. in-
fundibulum.

Innnsl-ahaped, a. choanoid (tech.), in-
fundibuliform (tech.).

lunny, a. Spec, humorous, facetious, gro-
tesque; see COMIC, ucohablb, odd.

luT, n. skin (contextual), coat (conlextwd);
spec, flix (rare), flick ((/iai.), calaber, er-
mine, ermines, erminitea, erminois, budoe,
miniver, pean, pashm, sable, kolinaky,
woom (cant), vair, beaver, seal, etc

tiul, V. I. Navi.: stow, hand.

lulled, a. in (used predicaiively).

lurnkoe, n. Spec, cupola, forge, calcar,
kiln, chaufi'er, reverberatory, revolver, re-
tort, roaster.

tnTniah, f . t. I. provide, supply, dight (or-
eliaic or dia{,);«pec. equip, accommodate,
endow, store.

S. supply, produce, give, yield, find, pro-
vide, afford (o rather bookish term); tpee.
advance, lend, sell, rent, etc.

turnlshed, a. equipped, found, beseen (ar-
chaic), etc.

fiunishliiEi n. I, Referring to the action:
provision, supplial, supplianoe (rore), fur-
niahmcnt (rare); spec, purveyance, equip-
ment, accommodation, endowment.
S. Often in pi.: equipment.
S. provision, supply, yield; spec, product,
And, advance, loan, etc.

loinltare, n. furnishing (often in pi.),
equipment; spec, drapery, coverlet, hang-
ings, bedding.

tnnow, n. depression (coniexlwd); Spec
trench, channel, track, seam, groove, rut
cut, wrinkle, line, drill, scratch.

lurrow, V. I. Spec, channel, seam, plow,
wrinkle, intrench (rare), trench, ditch,
rut, corrugate, cleave, cut.

furrowy, a. Spec, guttery, rutty, wrinkly.

lutther, adv. besides, beside, else; see also.

tw

IS" BcD HotM ot ExplaiutUoii.

1

I

•. Dine (Latin; pi.), Erinnyes (Greek:
pi.), Eumenides (Greek, etiphemiatic; pi.);
spec. Tiaiphone, Megrera, Aleclo.

1. See TERMAGANT.

B, n. gorae, whin.
Snilble, a. meltable (rare), fluxible (ar-
chaic), fuaile {rare).
AnUmyms: see HBCHACTOitY.
luM, n. disturbance, ado {chiefiy Ulerary),
to-do (coUoq.), pucker (coUoq.), fldge {col-
leq.); spec, commotioo, tumult, stir,
pother, boK^le. fizz (colloq.), bustle, flus-
ter, fiddle-^dle. fidfad (rare), fret, worry.
fuM, w. t. pucker (colloq.; rare), fike (Scot.),
fidge (colhg.); spec, potter, boggle, fiw
(eolloq.), bustle, tret, worry.
I iuttira, o. coming, forward (commercial):
spec, prospective.
Antonyms: see past.
Ivtnr*, n. futurity (dignified), futuri-
tion (philos.), hy-and-by (chiefly poetic in
svagestion), to-come (rnre), yet (userf with
"iie"; rare), to-be (rare); spei
(often fig.), ulterior, hereafter.
Antonyms: see pabt,

,', n. fly (contextual), breeze, gadbee
(dial, or lilertiTy), dog (Seol. lidvil.Eng.).
caff. V, I. Spec. Bpear, hook, gambeer.
lain, n. 1. See AcqmsiTioN, benefit,

t. addition (conlextual), accretion (con-
textual); spec, advantaxe, g;raft, plunder,
booty, clean-up (U. 5.), winning, emolu-
tnent, getting (pi.; archaic), euperlu-
cratioD (rare).
Antonyms: see w>ss.

cala. V. t. I, get, acquire, reap (jig.), ob-
tain; spec, procure, earn, gather, Buperlu-
crate (rare), net, clear, profit.
Antonymi: see forfeit,
1. See iNCOK, WIN, bbach.

(alt, n. 1. step; spec, slouch, swing, clip
{e^loq.)^ amble, hobble, canter, dog trot,
Eallop, JOE, jog trot, rack, pace, singlc-
fix>t (U. S.), lope, trot, run, walk, sham-

Eait«i, n. le)»iDg (eonlcxtitnl), contina-

tiona (p2. ; sfang) ; spec, squatterdash,

spata (j)/.), gambado.
gallant, n. Spec, blade, escort, cicisbeo (a

gallant of a married wonian).
gallaiy, n. I. £pec. corridor, loft, balcony,

veranda, portico, cantanna, traverse,

triforium, loggia, dedans (French), drift.

t. Referring to pari of on audience: spec.

gods (pi.; canf or »lang).
callop, V. I. A i. Spec, canter, run.
xallop, n, gait (eoniextital); spec, tantivy,

sallows, n. bough (arriiaic), tree (aTchaic),
gibbet (ofra,),

callows, a. patibulary (rare).

■allowsblrd, n. criminal (contextval),
hempstring, hempseed (nona; Shake-
speare). "GaUovtmird" is coUoq.

gamble, v. i. I. play (ainlextual), game,
gaff (Eng. slang or colonial); spec, dice,
throw, punt, plunge.

Eamble, v. t. risk (eontextual), wager.

lamble, n. chance; spec, wager, risk,
plunge, pyramid.

BBnibleT, n. I. player (contextual), sport
(cant): spec, gamester, gamestrese (fern.),
dicer, ha harder, plunger, punter.
9. wagerer (cf. waqeb).

came, II. quarry.

lame, n. 1. ,Siee sport.
9. diversion (contextual): spec, contest,
agonistics, bowls, ball, quoita, backgam-
mon, cards, checkers, dominoes, check-
Btones, chess, cricket, croquet, dibs, tan-
tan, faro, football, hasani, the graces,
hockey, hopscotch, jackstrawB, iack-
stonea, John Bull, kino (U. S.), Krieg-
epiel, lacrosse, lansquenet, lanterloo (obs.),
leapfrog, letters, loggats, lotto, mall, ping-
pong, racing, reversi, tiddly- winks, etc.

4. Referring to a single contest: spec, pan-
cratium, Olympic. Marathon.

5. hunt, chase, gibier (French).
Antonyms: see HdNTER.

cab: talk-

■mbblfl: bahbU, chotttr. ftukt*.

fmf, n.; deaptiffn. interpolaiion.

pHto, I, ■„' brrrtefii. Cn/I. od-
cmhilnl: adriantaovmi, proflt-

S«lt, >. t.:adjutl.
calur; tuaemblyr
((i*: u>ind. fil.

■mllad: taid.
tallr: biotr.
gmloEmi abvndatitiv.
tuabado: mptr.

^

KftmekeepeTi n. ranger (arctic); spec.
_ _ 1. 1. company, crew.

(•nsiene, n. death (amtezfuot), nccroblo-
BJa {(ecA.), mortification, necrosis ((eeft,).

(ADsreae, v. i. die, mortify, necrose
iUch.).

(uicTsnoui, a. dead, mortified, necrose
(lech.), cankerous (rare).

cap, n. 1. Sfe breach.
1. opening (_eontextiud), break, vacant^,
KBpe (rare), space; spec, lacuna, jump,
hiatus, ohaam, pass, ravine, rictua, yawn.

(ftp*, V. i. open (contextual), hiate {Tare),
gaup or gawp {dial.), inhiate (rare); spec.
yawn, dehisce.

B>pinc, a. agape, hjant [chiefly kUt.),

K«rdeii, n. Spec, potagerie (Frejich), her-

bary, nursery, Lyceum.
Kardener, n. maUee (ATigla-Indian); spec.

horiculturiat, florist.
sardenliiKt a. hortulan (rare), horten^al

(rorf), hortenaian (rare); spec, topiary.
t&identac, n. horticulture; spec, floncul'

ture, olericulture, viniculture.
Circle. B. t. rinse (contextual), wash, gar-

garize (rare).
c*rEle, n. wash (eonUxtval), gargarism

(Tried.; rare), collutory (tech.).
(Krmeat, n. 1. confection (a Galliciam),

tas (derogatory), clotJi (o6s.), vestment

(TnetoriaU or spec.), wearable (coUoq.);

spec, shroud (poetic or archaic), aboUa,

stops (pi.), blouse, cape, cardigan, coat.

let, cphod, flannels (pi.), frock, fur, gar-
berdine, gambeson (obs.; hist.), grego,
^wn, haqueton, jersey, jerkin, iumix^r,
lupe (Scot.), kaross, kimono, kirtle, kilt,
kmckerbockeiB (pi.), linens (vl-), linge-
rie (adlecHoe sing.), mackintosh, maiicUl-
ion, maniple, manta, mantelet, mantlet,
mantua, mohair, nightingale, overall,
pelisse, shirt, singlet, slip, trousers (vl.),
vest, waist, waistcoat, weed, teddy bear
(cantorstang), envelope, combination, etc.
1. In pi.: see clothing.

K>iTat, n. attic, soler {obs. of rare), sky
parlor (collog. or h-umormie).

garrlion, n. post (U. S,).

K»», n. I. fluid (conteTtual); spec, choke

damp, flatus, mafette, argon, ojcj'gi
hydrogen, nitrogen, chlor*
3. See BOMBAST.
B«seonB< a. fluid (carUextwU), gassy, g
form, airy (■now rare or spec.); spec, aeri-

eash, v.t.&n. cut (conieTtaal). crimp (chic-
ly spec.), scratch, score, slash, scotdi.

(uaUne, n. petrol {BrUiak), gas (con^ or
colloq.).

casp, V. i. breathe (etmtsaiud), catch; spsc.
chink, pant, labor, choke (contezJuol}.

taitronomlo, a. esurient (an incorreet use;
property "peHaining to love of eating or
appetite").

Eate> 1. i, opening (con/eiiuol), passageway
(cotitexlual), portal (elevated term), gate-
way, port (tiow chiefly Scot.), pvlon
(archieol.), arch, toran, port6-cocn6re
(Frendi)^ floodgate, sluice, turnpike,
wicket, hch-gate.

S. door (conlexlual). shuttle, portcullis,
wicket, lattice, hatch.

satekeeper, n. porter (the more formal

Kattaer, v. I. 1. assemble, collect, group;
spec, lump, mass, huddle, herd, rake (tottA
up"), crowd, congKg&te, relly, arare-
gate, flocculate (rare), forgather, inga^er,
cluster, drum, whip, cuD, glean, shock,
clump, stack, bunch, convene, mobilize.
Antonynu: see scatter, separate:, di»-

). In sewing, etc.: spec, shirr, pucker, full.
See ACCUMtJiuVTE, win, infer, gain.
gather, I), i. I. assemble, collect, group,
congregate, forgather, aggregate; spec
bunch, convene, huddle.
Antonyms: see disperse, scatter,

STRAT.

B. See INCREASE, aoppUHATE.

cather, n. gathering; spec, shirr, pucker.

(atberlac, n. 1. Tru! act or option: assem-
bly, assemblage, collection, forgathering,
grouping; spec, congelation, convention,
aggregation, mobihzation. clustering, etc.
a. Those gathered, considered eoUeriviely:
assemblage, body, collection, group; spec
crowd, throng, bunch, drum, convention,
congregation, aggregation, rally, herd,
flooK, cluster; see abbemblt, convention.

t. See ACCUMULATION.

^tidy, a. showy; spec, tawdry, tinsel, gai"
ish, flashy, gimcrack, brummagem, cheap.
Antonyms:

I
I
I

GENTLE

gaac«» V. t, U measure.
S. adjust.

gauce* n» !• See measure, extent.
S. Spec, templet, fence, manometer.

gawk, n. simpleton (contextual) ^ clown,
gawky, booby, jay (coHoq. or dang); spec.
calf (coUoa,), sight (coUoq,).

gay» a. 1. lively^ vivacious, airy, gaysome
{rare), merry, jolly, jovial {more bookieh
than **jolly'*), mirtnfm, galliard {archaic);
svec. wild, riotous, festive, mad, hilarious,
gleeful, jaunty, sportive, sprightly, con-
vivial, frolicsome, gamesome, merry-
making, frivolous, jubilant.
ArUonj/ms: see sad, sxtllen.

a. /See BRIGHT.

gayety, n. 1. liveliness, vivacity, vivacious-
ness, airiness, joyance, memness, merri-
ment, mirth, nurthfulness, galliardise {ar-
chaic); spec, hilarity, hilariousness, jaun-
tiness, sportiveness, merrymaking, frivol-
ity, jubilance.
ArUonums: see ENNxn.

a. See BRIGHTNESS.

gaie, V. i. look {contextual); spec, muse,
{literary), pore, stare, ogle, gape, glower,
gloat, glare, leer.

gelatinous, a. colloid (tech.), tremellose
(tech.); spec, gelatiniform.

gelding, n. neuter (rare); spec, ridgeling,
ridgel.

geni,n. jewel, stone: spec, solitaire, scarab,
hvacinth, diamond, ruby, sardine, sap-
phire, tiger's-eye, moonstone, bloodstone,
opal, amethyst, topaz, turquoise, pearl,
emerald, garnet, carbuncle, etc.

gemlike, a. geinmy, gemmeous (rare).

genealogy, n. history (contextiud) , genera-
tion (rare); spec, pedigree, tree.

general, a. 1. universal (more emphatic

than "general'*), catholic (chiefly ecd);

spec, cosmic, oecumenical, heavenwide,

nationwide, statewide.

Antonyms: see particular, minute,

NARROW, individual, LOCAL.

%m In a less induswe sense: widespread,
wide, broad (less emphatic than "xmde**);
spec, generic, main, impersonal, popular,
current, indefinite, bird's-eye.
Ardonyms: see circumstantial, par-
ticular.

generalize, v. t, broaden, universalize,
spread.

generate, v. t. 1. beget (chiefly spec.),
breed (chiefly svec.), create (contextual),
reproduce (biol!), produce (young), pro-
create, conceive (in the womb), engender.

propagate; spec, spawn (contemptuotu).
Dear, pullulate, inbreed.
Antonyms: see kill.
a. See cause.

generate, v. i. breed, reproduce, grow, pro-
duce, conceive, propagate (chiefly tech.);
spec, hatch, segment, increase, proliferate,
teem, multiply, inbreed.
Antonyms: see die.

generation, n. 1. begetting, breeding, pro-
duction, genesis (rare), reproduction, pro-
creation, propagation (.chiefly tech.); spec,
increase, prohferation, isogamy, theogony,
ontogeny, histogenesis, heterogenesis.
a. Referring to those living diaring a oer*
tain period: age, descent.

generative, a. 1. reproductive, progenitive,
creative, genial (rare), gemtal (chiefly
spec.); spec. proU^erous (rare), proliferous,
conceptive, germmative, gametal.
a. See PRODUCTIVE, causative.

generosity, n. 1. ^eatness, large-heart-

edness, magnanimity (formal), nobility,

magnanimousness; spec, loftiness, courage.

Antonyms: meanness (see mean); see

SELFISHNESS.

a. generousness, free-heartedness, liberal-
ity, handsomeness (rare), bounty, frank-
ness (obsolesc.), freedom (rare); spec.
benevolence, royalty, munificence, prodi-
gaUty, lavishness.

Antonyms: stinginess (see stingy).
S. See abundance.

generous, a, 1. great (contextual), mag-
nanimous (formal), ingenuous, larae-
hearted, great-heai^ed, noble; spec, lofty,
courageous, chivalrous, beneficent.

Antonyms: see mean.
a. Referring to the opposite of **sHngy":
free-hearted, open-hearted, open-handed,
open (coUoq.), free, liberal, iree-himded,
frank (obsolescent), handsome, large (oT"
chaic), bounteous, tx)untiful: spec, munifi-
cent, lavish, prodigal, benevolent, stintless.

Antonyms: see stingy, greedy, faut&y,

SELFISH.

S. iSee ABUNDANT.

genius, n. l/demon (contextual), spirit (conr
textwal); spec, python (New Testament),
jinni, jinn (pi.; improperly used as sing.),
a. angel (chiefly with "good^* or "ftof '),
spirit (chiefly unih "a good^* or "a bod").
S. See CAPACITY, spmrr.

gentile, n. 1. See heathen.
a. non-Jew, uncircumscision (with "thi^*^.

gentle, a. U well-bom, gBDerous (ardiaie),
good.

I^" Cross references: see Note.
gmug^f V. t: meantre, adjust.
gmnnU thin, repeOenL
gmnxfz filmy.
gawky : atoktoard.
Saslncstock: speeiade.

ffMtf, n.; dret, dothirig, equip-
ment, apparatue, eoffwhed,
good*.
ffeIld:eoU.

»: double,
general.

genie: demtm.

genre: style.

genteel: polite, nobU, eUqtmt,

Mtylith.
gMAtfie, a.: heathen, radoL
gMitle, V. t.: handU.

See Hotes of Kiplinetlon,

201

GENTLEMAN

9. miid (a teeaker word than "geTttle"),
light, soft, moderate; spec, benign, fiilken,
Bootbing, kind, leoient, low, compliusaat,
amiable, etc.
Anlon^Tns: see

^

»

AUSTERE, BL00DTH1R8TT, BLUNT, OITT-
KAOBOUS.

4. Referring to a dope, dinA, etc.: mod-
erate, gradual, slight, easy,

Antonipns: me precipitous.

centlemBn, n. 1. geat Ittulgar), ariatocTBt,
caballero (Spanith), duniwasaal (chiefiy
spec.; Salt.); epee. esquire (Eng.), bidofgo
iSpaniah), cavalier.
AnloTiyms: see sooR.
9. See MAN.

■entleDesa, n. I. mildness, lightness, soft-
ness, moderateness, moderation; epec.
easiaess, benignity, faintness, soothmg-
ness, kindness, lenience, complaisance,
amenity, douceur (French), milkiness

CRUELTV, FEROCnr, BE VERITY.

1. Referring lo a slope, dimb, etc.: moder-
ateness, gradualness, slightness, ea^ness.
BeDolne, a. I. true, right, real, veritable,
proper (rare), indeed (predieatwe); spec.
Simon Pure, honest, true-blue; see au-
thentic.
Anlonyms: see ARTinciAL.

5. 'See BINCERB, FRANK.

cerin,n. 1. germen (now only Jig.), eiahryo,
seed {rune chiefly spec,), seminium (rare),
seminary (rare).

S. See ELEMENT,

■. microorKanism, seed (spec, or fig.);
spec, microbe, bacterium.
■ermiold*, a. Spec, antiseptic, bact«rl-

(ermlnatei v. i. grow {amteilual); germ
(rtoiuyiff,), burgeon, gerniin (arcAaic), ger-
minate (rare), generate; spec, sprout,
shoot, pullulate (rare), blade, bud, vege-
tate, catch, set.
Antonjpna: see die.

Cermlnata, c. (. cause (contextual), germ
(rare); spec, sprout.

ceitural, a. gesticulative, gesticular, ges-
ticulatory, pantomimic {chiefly spec,),
pantomimical (rare).

tetturs, n, t. motion (eontexUioi), gcst
(arcAoic); spec, gesticulation, beck, sign,
fig, wave, puff, signal.
a. In a generic tense: gesticulation, chir-

■•t.(-

ononw (rore), dumb show, pantomi
{ehiefiy spec.).

xeitiire, v, i. motion, gesticulate, panto-
mime (rare), sign; spec, wave, ramp,
beckon, signal.

leiturtnii a. gesticulant (ra

ge%, V, I. I. obtain, procure, r
cure, have, acquire; epec. achieve, take.

learn, attain, forage, i
catch, capture, e"
A nionyms: see :

1. See NONPLUS, INDUCE, '
self), BEGET.

Esttable, a. obtainable, come-at-able (col-
iog,), havabie (rn '
Anlonffms: see inaccessible.

Kettlng, n. obtaizmient, obtainal (rare),
obtention (rare), procurement, Becure-
inent (rare), procuration; apee. impetra-
tion, acquirement, ehcitation, derivation,
etc.; see acquisition.

ceweaw, 71. trifle, trinket, toy (o6s., eie.
sjiec.): spec, kickshaw, fcmokknack, gim-
crack, fizdg, gaud (literary), bauole,
falderal or folderol, fallal, flapdoodle (am-
templuoua; eolloq,), (lamfew (rare).

Kbaitl7. o. 1. See fearful.
t. pale, deathly, corpselike, ghast (ar*
chaic or poetic); tpec. cadaverous, lurid.

Ehoit,n,l. SeeBOOLjDEMON.APPEABANCE.

a. apparition, larva (oba. or hisl.). larve
(hist.), spirit, specter, phantom, phantasm
(poetic or rhetorical), phantaame (rare),
revenant (rather Itarned or cant), shadow
(rare), shade (ehiefiy spec.), sprite or (ar-
ckaic) spright (rare), spook (coUoq,).
Anlonyms: see body.

KlioiUy, a, I. See spirituai..
3. ghostlike, spectral, spookish (coUoq.),
phantasmal, phantom, shadowy, ghosty
(jocular), spooky (coBoq.),
AnUinyrns: see bodilt.

lUnt, n. 1. Referring (o giants of litera-
ture: spec, Goliath, Colossus, Brobding-
nagian or (incorrectlij) Brolidignagiaji,
Hercules, ogre, Antffius, Briieus, Brlareus,
Polyphemus, Cyclops, Titan, Titaness,
Norn, jinni.

Antonyms: see dwarf.
a. Referring lo any very large person: spec.
giantess, colossus, jumbo (coUoq.), Goliath
(fia.), polyheme (rare).
Antonyms: see dwarf.

clbbet, n. gallows, patible (rare),- spec.
cross, rood (archaic).

I

ilbt dUembttwtl,
tS' 8cu NotH ot

f Iddr: ditzy, /riBoIinu.

cut, n. 1. See arvnia.
S. preseal, liberality (rare), donation
{ehiefiy spec,); spec, bonus, premium,
prize, dole, contribation, mite, favor, tea-
timaaiat, gratification, o£Fertiig, boon, ab-
lation, grattiity, bounty, propiae {ar-
chaic or Scot.), IftfgesB. fairing, benevo-
lence, cadeau iFrenek), donary Irarc),
grant, douceur (/Vencft), tip, benefaction,
cuiOBhaw (Ckineae porta), baiksheeeh, con-
oeasioD, honorarium, merced {Spanish),
daab or da^hee (African coast), pittance,
alms, charity, pQon (aoiUhwe»tem U. S.),
piloDce (Texas), pUonvillo (Tejoa). lag-
niappe {New Orleans), donative, legacy,
bequest, devise, benefit, enam (India),
batta (Angh-Indian), bribe, handeel, fa-
vor, mortuary, fchilat or khelat {Eofl
India), feu, ormolu, conpary (Bomart
Aut.), nuEzer (Annlo-Iridian).
Antonyms: see DBUvttfD.

I. See BKDOWMENT, ABILITT.

t\g, n. chaise; spec, whiitky. tilbury.

KtBaDtla. a. t. immense, colossal, elephan-
tine, Titanic (spec, or fig.), Herculean
{spec, or fig.), Cyclopean (sjiec. or jig.),
Brobdingnagian or {viaimcUy) Brobdig-
nagian (spec, or fig. andironvnd).
Antonyms: see dwarf.

t. SeeONORMOUB.

(Ud, V. t. adorn, deaurate (rare), engild
{lilerary; often fig.); spec, begild, overgild.

glided, a. aureat« (learned or lilerary),
inaurate (rare),

(In, n. liquor (eonleitu/U), ribbon (slang;
cant), satin (slang), eyewater (slang),
deadly (staTig), jumper (tianj), iaoky or
jackey (slang); spec. Schiedam, Hollands,
schnApps.

Bird, II. (. I. encircle (conlexlucU); spec, girt,
bind, belt, surcingle.
I. 5ee MVE

■Irdls, n. band (contextiud), gici^h, cin-
gje (lilerary,* chiefly spec.); spec, brail,
cincture (bookish), belt, cingulum (tech.),
truss, sash, cummerbund (Anglo-Indian),
eoarf, cestus (Roman anii?. ),ione (liter-
ary or Greek anttg.), soster (Oreek anliq.).

Kltdle, V. t. bind (conteitiud), encircle
(conlextual), girth, engird (literary), en-
^rdle (literary), circuit (contextual).
I. Referring lo a tree: ring, ringbark.

(lidlad, a. precinct (rare); spec, succinct.

gld, n. 1. child {contexttud), maid (archaic
ar■p^ayf^d),\Bas (ehiefiy dial.), Xaesie {chief-
ly Scot.), maiden (eletir^ed), damsel,

damoiseile (French), colleen (Anglo-
Irish), wench (orcAoic or derogatory),
girly (colloq.), tot (obs. or rare); spec.
girleen (Anglo-Irish), giglet, dell {archaic
cant), flapper (sla>ig), laasook (Scot.),
missy, minx, hussy, Damage, cummer
(Scot.), gill (rore, etc. in "Jack and OiU"),
whelp {contemptuous), cub,
t. See DOUGsric.

Kliiliood, n. Jaasiehood (ehiefiy Scot.)
maidenhood, girlishness (rare), moidhood
{rare).

BlTUah,a. childish, maidenish, girly (colloq.),
maidenly (commendatory).

ElTth, n. 1. band (contexiMal), girdle, belly-
band (sometimes spec); spec, roller, cincn,
surcingle.

9. See CIRCUMFERENCE. OIBDLE.

Sliti n. 1. reason, ground, basis; — referring
to a legal action.
%, See ESSENCE.

Blvabla, a. dative (law), grantable, con-
ferable, bestowable, etc.

file, V. t. 1. present, confer, bequeath (or-
cAoic or spec), grant: spec, donate (chiefiv
U. S.), contribute, dole, lend, heap (tmm
"upon"), distribute, begrudge, club, of-
fer, prciduce, emit, utter, entail, devise,
entrust, etc.

Antonyms: see beg, demand.
■. In variotis secondary sCTues: see Ar>
FORo, coMMtwiCATE, BBQPrTH ((We 171 re-
turn), ADMINISTER, ADDICT, APPLY, AT-
TRIBUTE, DELIVER, DEAL, BHOW, OEdtNT,

Cive-Kna-tMke, n. giff-gaff {Scot, anddial.
Eng.).

glTer, n. presenter, donor (tech., spec., or
formal), donator (rare), conferrer, grant-
er; spec, contributor.

ciTltiK, 1. t. gift (chiefly of a single act),
presentation, conferment, present (rare),
conferral, largition (rare), bestowal, be-
Stowment, grant {chiefly spec, or formal),
donation (chiefly spec.),- spec, disposal,
disposition, dation, conveyance, dealing,
colportage, collation.

S. See COMMDNI CATION, DEUVBRr, PRO-
DOCTION, etc.

eUd, a. happy, content, joyful; spec, blithe,
festal, blessed, blithesome, beatific, bliss-
ful; see ECSTATIC.

(ladden, v. t. please (contextual), happify
(now rore), happy (obs.), content, con-
tented, rejoice; spec, gratify, beatify,
blithen, exnilarate, transport; see cheer.
Antonyms: »ee6ADDEN,0Hn:vE,li

II aati oatd.

clad*, n. opening, t&imd (arehaie), lawn

larchaic).
clkdlAtOT, a. 5pec. retiarius, Hwordsnuui,

andabate, secutor.
(IsdnsBs, >t. pleaaure (fotUexttuU), felicity,

happiness, content, rejoicement (rore), re-

{'oiciDg; spec, joy, joyance (lilcrar!/), bliss,
ilitheueM, transport, efc.; see ecstasy,
KUna«, V, i. 1. etrike (crmlextuid) , slant,

t^iat {chiejiy Eng.); spec skip, ricocbot,

^ide, skim.

I. See FLASH.

S. look (.conU^ual); spec, flash, run,

glimpse, blink, peep, peek,
fluioe, n. I. stroke (contextual), gUnt

icliiefiy Eng.); spec, glide, skip, afcim,

ricomet, graze.

>. See FLASH, INTIMATIOV.

look (contexlual); spec, flash, blink,
glimpse, cast, blush (oniu in "at first
blimh"), ray, beam, coup-d'iEil (French),
peep, ogle, peek.

Clftnd, n. kernel (rare or dial.); spec, glan-
dule, prostrate, sweetbread, thymus, pan-
creas, liver, parotid.
- , n. I. Spec, g]
.._,n, crystal. Pelt _ ...
in), hcematinon, smalt,
t. R^erring to a Uiing made of glass: spec.
bumper, tumbler, goblet, lens, raiiror,
slide, goggles (pi.), olinkera (pi.; coUoq.),
telescope, microscope, eyeglass, specta-
cles (pi.), binocle, binocular, hourglass,
chromatic, etc.

Clssihonse, n. Spec, hothouse, green-
house, coolhouse, conservatory, serre
(Frertch), stove.

(Imaiy, a. vitreous (more leeh. than
"glassy"), vitric {chiefly as opposed to
"ceramic ), hyaline {chiefiy lech, and
spec.), hyaloid (rare, exe. anat.); spec.
hyaleacent, subvitreous.

(!■■•, n. 1. coat (conlcxliud), coating {eorir-
textual); spec, glost, varnish, enamel.
"Olaze" is often in the U. S. specificallij
used of thin ice or the surface of ice.

t. See LDBTER.
Klide, V. i. Spec, lapse [chiefly fa.), glis-
sade, fleet, illapse (rare), slide, slip, sail,
fly, float, now, coast, skate, swim, skim.
AntotipTiia: see bttbtlg, jerk.

elidinc, a. Spec, tapaing, slipping, slkl^^

ing, preterlabent, flowing, tic. T

Ciobolai, a. globose, globate; spec, pilular, \

jiilulous.
^obnle, n. sphere, spherule, ^obelet

(rare): spec, drap, bulb, bead, pill, pellet,

button, bullet,
tloom, n. 1. gloomine^, shade, shadow,

obscurity; see dark, dar

J. See CKEBRLEBSNESS.

gloomy, a, 1. dreary, drear (chiefiy lifer- I
ary), cheerless, doleful; spec, bleak, fune- 1
real, desolate, morbid.
Antonyms:

t. See CKEERLESS, L

See r

LK, DEPBE3BED, DB- I
IGNm, HONOR, I

aureole, halo, |

glory, 71

BEAUTY, BRILLIANCE, PI

B. Spec, gloriole (rare)

nimbus, vesica.
(loBK, n. 1. See ldster.

9. Spec, (in fiauTolive or transferred I

senses) veneer, whitewash (colloq,), color,

varnish, veil, smooth.
KloTa,n. Spec, gauntlet, muSer or mu£Se,

mousquet^re, mitt, mitten.
slow, V. i. 1. radiate (eontextuoT), incao-

deace (tech.); spec. bum.

3. Referring to colors: spec, blaze, fire,
bloom, bluih, flush.

S. Referring to bodily feeling: spec, bum,
swelter, sizzle (colloq.), toaat, roast (coSoQ.),
cook (colloq.), bake (eoUoq.), boil (eoUoq.).

4. Referring to the emotions: spec, bum,
fire, inflame (rare), oonsu

slow, n. I. luminosity,
(tech.); spec, burning.
1. fie/emViff to cofore; warmth, flush; spec,
blaze, brilhance, bloom, redness, flumi.
I. See ARDOR.

I. Referring to bodily feeling: warmth;
spec. heat| swelter, toast (coUog.), roast
(coUog.), sizzle (colloq.).

Elowlnci a.. I. bright (omtexlual), lumi-
nous, candent (lech, or learned), excon-
descent (rare), incandesceot; spec, burn-
ing.

5. Referring to colors: bright (corUextual),
warm; spec, blazing, rutilant (rare),
blushing, blooming, red.

giMiniHU

n. bt-

^

a..-JI(™.I>rwW.

'.™v.

„,.

ITnilKi!"'

tlUtan,. >. i.:JliuA, tkiiu
f tlttar: fiath.
■Uttartnc: lufrou, a,

ffloinrT; dicti'tmarv.

BT* Bea Itota M Eiplanatlan.

GOLDEN

Antonyms: see dull.

S. See ARDENT.

close, V. t. 1. See annotate.
9. In figurative or transferred senses: spec.
gloss, veneer, varnish, veil, color, smooth,
whitewash icoUoq.),

glutton, n. sensualist {contextual) ^ gor-
mandizer {nurre emphatic than **glutton*')f
gourmand (o6s.), hog (scornfully con-
temptuous) , gorger (rare)j pig (contempt-
turns; often playful), surfeiter, gorger,
cormorant (fig.), bellygod (archaic), gas-
trophile (rare), cranmier (coUoq.), stuff er
(coUoq.), gastrophilist (rare), gastrophilite
(rare), ravener (literary), guttler (rare),
helluo (literary), poke-pudding (Scot.;
humorous).
Antonyms: see ascetic.

gluttonous, a. 1. gourmand, greedy, rav-
enous (intensive), piggish (contemptu-
ous; often playful), hog^sh (scornfully
contemptu/ms), gormandizmg.
Antonyms: see ABSTEAiious, ascetic.
8. See desirous.

gluttony, n. 1. gormandizing (of the act),
gulosity (rare), belly cheer (archaic), hog-
gishness (contemptuous), pig^ishness (con-
temptuous); spec, gastrophiusm (rare).
8. See desire.

gnawing, a. 1. rodent (rare, exc. tech.)
8. See corrosive, distressing.

go, V. i. 1. move (contextual), gang (chiefly
literary; Scot.); spec, repair, proceed, pass
(chiefly used with "on," "along" "dirum,"
"through," etc.), draw (with "on," "along"
"through," "back," etc.), rampage, me
(archaic or poetic), staJk, take (used with
"to") J labor, jaunt, run, rip (coUoq.), fore-
reach (chiefly naul.), range, carry, roimd,
idle, joe, egress (rare), extra vagate (rare),
lollop lcolK)q.), mill, bolt, pat, fare (ar-
chaic or poetic), determine, gallivant,
step, happen, hap (rare or archaic),
stnke, march, bundle (chiefly used with
**off"), clump, force, advance, retreat, re-
soirt, depart, flow, speed, return, revert,
exceed, transgress, dip, boat, ride, falter,
glide, crawl, ferry, ply, travel, glance,
walk (see gait, n.), amble, canter, pace,
gallop, lope, rack, trot, hasten, hop, leap,
sail, steam, float, fly, swarm (in a multi-
tude), tiptoe, tumble, etc.
2. In figurative or transferred senses: see

DEPART, enter, AVERAGE, CIRCULATE,
BE, BECOME, APPEAL, EXTEND, CONTRIB-

UTE, END, ACT, DESCEND, PASS, DISAP-
PEAR, RESORT.

goal, n. 1. Spec, mark, bye, post, port,
home, bourne (chiefly literary), bourn,
hail (Scot.), meta (Reman antiq.),

8. See OBJECT, DESTINATION.

go-as-you-please, n. 1. laisser-aller

(French).
8. /See RACE.

goat, n. Spec, buck, billy-goat (coUoq^),
nanny (colloq.), nanny-goat (coUoq.), kid,
goathng, angora, jaal-goat, ibex, pasan,
pasang, markhor.

goatlike, a. caprine (tech. or literary), goat-
ish, goatly (nonce word), hircine (chiefly
spec.), hircinous (rare), goaty (chiefly
spec); spec, capriform.

go-between, n. agent (contextual); spec.
broker. Mercury (fig.), dealer, middle-
man, pander.
Antonyms: see principal.

goblin, n. demon (contextual), sprite or
(archaic) spright (contextu^), bogy, bogle,
boggle, bogey; spec, kobold, nix, brownie,
trull.

god, n. 1. See deitt.
8. [cap.] Referring to the Christian god:
Deity (with "the"), King-of-Kings (with
"the'^).
Antonyms: see devil.

godparent, n. sponsor, gossip (obs.); spec.
godfather, godmother.

goer, n. Spec, proceeder, farer. traveler,
speeder (colloq.) , exodist (rare), walker,
runner, etc.

goggle-eyed, a. bulging;-eyed.

goglet, n. guglet, serai (India), surahee
(India), chatty (India), olla (Spanish
America), monkey pot.

going, a. 1. Spec, traveling, proceeding,
bound, outward-bound.

8. See AFLOAT.

going, n. 1. See departure.
8. Spec, proceeding, traveling, travel,
troop, tour, exit, troll, progress, march,
walk, run, etc.

S. Referring to the condition ofihe ground,
etc., for aoing: spec, wheeling (coUoq^.), rac-
ing, walking, running, rowing, skating, etc.

gold, n. 1. aurum (teSi.; chem,); spec, dust,
gilding, gilt, or (her.).

8. ^Pe WEALTH.

golden, a. 1. aureate (literary), Pactolian
(fig.); spec, auriferous, prime (number;
archaic).

tW Cross references: see Note.
glose, n.: annotation.
glum: sullen, depressed.
glut: surfeit, saliate, oversupvtv,

obstruct.
glutinous: sticky.
gnarl: protuberance.
gnarled: distorted.
gnash: bite.

gnaw: bite.

gnome: demon.

gnomon: pointer.

go, r. t.: afford, wager.

go, n.; energy, turn, success, fad.

goad, V. t.rprick, incite, urge.

go-ahead, a.: enterprising.

go-ahead, n.: energy.

gobbett: piece.

gobble, V. t.: swallow.

gobble, n. dk v. %.: cry.

goddess: deity.

godhead: divinity.

godless: atheistic, irrdigioua.

godlike: divine.

godly: divine, rdigious, rights

eous.
goggle, V. t.: turn.

tj^ See Notes of Ezplanatlon.

205

OOLDNBSS

t. yeHow, iimuratfl (rare; ekiefiy zooL),

golinaH*, 71. aureity {lUerani).
KoiiB, a. 1. depivrtaa; spec, flown.
■. See ABSENT, woRNOCT, faint, for-

QOTTBN.

Boodi a. buckrSi (southem U. S.; negro
diaied); svec. goodly, goodiah, Bfttiafac-
toi7, exoellent, favorable, adnurable, ado
quate, beneficial, advantageous, agree-
able, appropriate, conaiderable, compe-
tent, healthy, sound, real, honorable,
respooaible, righteous, becoming, kind,
honest, frank. conTivial, religious, well-be-
haved, etc. "Good" is used a« a synonym
qf almost any adjedive denoting a ^uaiily
that M approved.
Antonyms: see bad, factuiT.

Kood, inlerj, bravo.

Kood, n. 1. Spec, boon, godaend; spec.
kaloQ {Greek), fruit, benefit, advantage,
blesiiing, benison {archaic or poelic) , bliss,
beatitude, felicity.
Antonyms: see EVIL, DtSiDTANTAGB, CA-

». In jk.: see aooDB.

Koodby, irtierj. adieu (archaic, affected, or
used in pleasantry), farewell (now archaic
or Theloricat; ehiejly spec), vale (rare,*
Latin), bye-bye (eoUoq.), so-long (slang).
Antonyms: see oebeting.

Kood-for-nottalnc, n. ne'er-do-well, acala-

CCMMl-loaklnc, a. Spec, comely, fair {chief-
ly titerary or rhetorical), beautiful, hand-
aome, pretty, prettyish, minion (rare),
dainty, goodly, Beeinly (rare or archaic),
flight^', personable (chiefiy literary), bon-
ny (Seol., exc as used in Eng. Jar local or
tyrvnd effect), well-favored (arcJuiic), spe-
cious (oroAotc), likely (rare), proper (ar-
cAaifi), shapely, canny (dial.; not Scot.),
fine, graceful, elegaot, delicate, etc.
Anionyna: see homely.

(ood-looklnKneiii n. Spec, comeliness,
handsooieiiess, beauty, fairness, bouni-
ness, prettiness, daintiness, goodliness,
aeemlinesa (archaic), sightliness, peraon-
ableness, shapeUneas. "Good-loohingness"

toad luttnre. kindness (conUxtuai); spec.
amiability, cleverness (U. S., coUoq.),
bonhomie (French), good humor, good
temper, grace, complaisance, accommo-
datingness.

A nionyms: see ill-tkupbr.
sood-natursd, a. kind (omfexfuoO; i
clever, amiable, good-humored, g
tampered, complaiuint
agreeable.

A7\J,onyms: see ill-tempered, acrimo-B

coodntag, n. Spec, satisfactoriness, excel*
lence, favorableness, sdmirableness, Bd»>B
quacy, beneficence, advantageousnesa, J
a^ecableneas, appropriateness, sound* |
nesB, reality, honorabW "
ity, righteousness, etc.

(ood*. n. pi. chattels, commodity (a single
artide), gear (a coUectiae), effects, things,
movables {Uaa); spec, traps (colhq.), con-
traband, invoice, consignment; — the lael
three coUeciives,

(ooBe,n, l.hoaker (U. S. & Can.;colioq.or
slang); gpec. gander, cagmag, goslet
(U. S.), gosling, wavey, solan, graylag,
gannet, barnacle, whitehead, brant.

core, V. t. pierce (contcxtued); spec, tusk, I
horn, stab, hook. I

Gordon, n. Spec. Sthcno, Euryale, Me- J
dusa.

(ormaDdiie, v. x. stuff, c: , „__

Koipel. n. news (contextual), evangel, evanr J
gely (arekaic); spec. Protevangel, Fn>-«
tevangelium. f

EOipei. a. evangelic, evangelical; epee. 1
synoptic.

(oiflp, n. 1. See godparent.
1. busybody, gossipcr, tattler, talebearcTfl
tittle- tattler, quidnunc (liUrary); spocl
granny (contempl-amis) .

I. conversation, tittle-tattle^ small tail^l
talk, by-talk, gup (Anglo-Itidtan), gc~^ —

(rare or archaic), goasipred (rore), (, ^

ing, tales (pi-); spec, chit-chat, claver,
report or (rare) reportage.

coBsIp, f. i. converse, U.lk, tattle, tittle-
tattle, chatter, prattle, clatter; spec, oom-

ly spec.); spec, pumpkin, squash
crookneck, Hubbard, lufia, melon

cauty, a. arthritic (lech.), podagral (prop-
erly spec,).

(overneaa, n. teacher (contextuai), tutor-
ess, gouvemante (French); spec, duenna.

Kovernment, n. 1. control (amtexitiai),
gubernation (rare), rpgency (rare. exe.
spec), dominion, ordinance (archaic), rul-il

(Dodfalloiniilpi camaradtrit,
■Dod-liamotM: ii< ' *

Koody, a.,- riahttavt,
■ma: ko^. Irianalt.

^t-ap, a.: afferitd.

tsr Bee ITotM of EipUostlon.

erBhip (fore); »pee. discipline, self-govern-
ment, autonomy.
AnlanyTw: see anarchy.
■. R^erring to som€ parlieular mode or
t]/alem of arganUaiion, and goiieming: spec.
archology (the science; Tare), polities, pol-
ity [learned or tech.), regimen, economy,
duarohy or (a bad spelling) dyarchy, diai-
diy, triarchy, tetrarchy, pentarchv, hept-
arcny, hecatontarchy, timocracy, dynasty,
gerontocracy, gynsococracy, gynarchy, gy-
nocrocy [rare), kingship, regency, protec-
torate, democracy, hierocracy, hierarchy,
hagiocracy, theonomy, hetsrocracy, stra-
tocracy (rare), logocracy, meaocracy,
hamarchy, cummunaliam, dulocracy, im-
perialism, Ctesariam, kingdom, fooloc-
racy (rare), episcopacy, Congregational-
ism, methodism.

■. Referring to the governing body: aignory
{chiefiy spec.); »j^c. administration, du-
umvirate, triumvirala.
i. See BTATB.
t. In grammar: regimen [ledi.), rection

(OTflmmentKl, a. 1. controlling.
1. political; «pec. dynastic.

KO*am«r, n. 1. See cowraoLLER.
I. ruler; spec, regent, viceregent, prefect
(.Roman hist.), president (ckiefiyhist.), pro-
vedi tor ( FenrfioB), reis or rais, satrap, bev,
dey, emir, killadar, kehaya, monarch,
mudir, politaroh, sirdar, procoaaul, podeata
{Italian), resident, eparch, beglerbeg, bur-
grave, harmost, toparch, castellan.

EOTernorshlp, n. Spec, regency, vieege-
rency, prefecture, etc.

(awn, n. garment (conlexlual) ; spec, dress,
robe, smock frock, cassock, gaberdine,
frock, slip, sack (obs.), peignoir, negligee,
ii^g£ (French), maatua, caftan, nighl^
gown, nightdress.

Bnoe,71. I. See FAVOR, MERCT, VIKTOE, Ai^

a. Spec, embellishment, elegance, eaai-

1. Referring lo saying arace at UAle: spec,
petition, blessing, thanks.
paoe, V. I. become, beautify, endow,

CTftc«(ul.a. I. easy, elegant; spec, [i^phyxi-
cal actions) gainly (rare), sylphlike, sylph-
ine, sylphish, lightsome (rare).
Antonyms: see awkward, CLnuBT.

I. See APPROPRIATE, HAPPT.

KTaoile, a. slender. The use of "slender" as
implying graeefvlness ia erroneous; it is not
connected urith the u^ord "grace."

craolous, a. I.

2. kindly (contextual) ; spec, affable, good-
natured, complaisant, condescending.

Anlonyma: see curt, borly.
S. Referring to God, Christ, or the Virgin
Mary: mild (jtrchaic or poetic), benignant,
benign.
cradakl, a. 1. gradational, gradatory

AnUinj/THs: see abhtipt, sodden.

a. See SLOW, QENTXil.

graduate, n. alumnus (masc), alumna
fjem,); spec, postgraduate.
graduate, v. t. 1. laureate (hist.).

%. See PASS, CLASSIFY, CAUBRATB.

gralt, n. I. In hortiaiiture: scion (ieeh.),
slip, graff (archaic).

craft, f. t, 1. engraft, ingraft, inoculate,
graff (archaic), mip (archaic); spec, in-
arch, bud.
I. get (cotUexlval).

Kraii, n. platter, sangrail.

KrBln, n. 1. fruit (eonlextwU), coryopsis
(bo/.; tech.), berry (chieily spec,), seed (a
popular usage; the "seed ' bolanicaUy being
the part inside of the husk or huU); spec.
kernel.

S. As a collective sing.: corn (British), ce-
real (tech.); spec, grist, sharps (pi.), hards
(pi), middlmgs (pi.), crackliua (ji.),
groats (pi.).

■. Aa the name of a kind of fruil or the
plant bearing it: cereal (the more tech.
term), com (Briliih); spec, wheat, corn
(U, S.), maize (teamed, tech., or
British), rye, oats (pi.), spelt, millet,
dhurra, tsamba, cuscus, lentil, ragi, rag-
gee. "Grain" and "cereal" in the(minary
narrow wse refer only to grasses or their
fruits; in an extended sense they include
others besides grasses, as "peas," "beans,"

A. particle (contextual), kernel (chiefly
spec), kern (rare).

E. See MEABDBB, TEXTURE, DISPOSITION.

■. Referring to a dye: spec, kermes, cochi-

7. Referring to a small hard particle: spec.
granule, granulation, sand, granula (rare),
pellet.
grain, V, t. 1. See qranui^tb, dye,

t, roughen (contextual), granulate; epec.
pebble.
grkmniarlai), n. grammatist (chiefly dis-
paraging), granimaticaster (contemptu-
ous); spec, choriiontes (pi.; Greek antiq.).

s Nqw.

I

•in. c^OuM.

: fftadnaU, ei

« HotM ot EipUoatlDa.

crmdlant: ilopc.
trolny! cranuiar.

tnnaxj, n. storehouse (contexdui]), garner,
grange (archaic}.

grmni, a. chief, fine; spec, grmidiose, oobie,
eminent, majestic, cosmic, magnificent,
magnific, elevated, dignified, impressive,
courtly, Miltonic, stately, MicheknRel-
esque, grandisonant (rare), splenaid,
splendent, large, Iximbaatic, imperial, pa-
latial, superb.
Antonyms: see suall, uean, DjaioNiPi-

(rrandohlld, n. oy <ir oe (Scot.); spec.
granddaughter, grandson.

Krandeor, n. Sjitc. dignity, impressiveness,
glory, magnificence, splendor, majesty,
QobiUty, grandiosity, greatness, pomp.

(randlfttber, n. grandparent, belsire (ar-
chaic), goodsire {Scot, or chs.), grandsire
(archaic or dial., exc. of animah), grand-
dad or grandad (chitdish or in faniiliar of-
jectim), grandpa or grandpapa (familiar).

ccandm other, n. grandparent, beldam or
beldame (archaic or literary), grannara
(obn. or dial.), grandmamma (eolloq.),
gramiy {familiar, emlearing, or amlemplu-
oun), grandam or grandame (archaic).

ETandnass. n. fineness; spec, eminence,
elevation, dignity, impress ivenesa, «)urt]i-
ness, grandeur.

Erant, v. L I. Referring to a request, desire,
etc.: aye {contextual) ; spec, allow, indulge,
gratify.satisfy.fulfill, concede, hear,bumor.
S. Sec CONCEDE, GIVE, TRANSrER, AC-
KNOWLGDOB.

Kraut, n. 1. Spec, indulgence, gratifica-
tion, fulfillment, satisfaction, concession.
». See cosceaaioN, gift, qivino, trans-

■rrantea, n. recipient (contextual); spec.
licensee, lessee, releasee, beneficiary, de-
visee, legatee, con cessionn aire (French).

(rantor, n. giver {contextual); svee. ceder
(rare), lessor, releasor, devisor, legator.

Bianuiar, a. grainy, graniform; spec, gran-
ose (rare), granulosc, saccharoid, succha-

Antonj/ms:

(ranulate, v. I. 1. comminute (learned or
tech.), corn (chiefly tech.), grain; spec.
pearl, grate.

cutthroat (local, U. 8.), raiain (bot.),
concord, delaware, niaR&ra, etc.
trapellke, a. botryoid Qech.), grapy.

graphic, a. 1. delincative (a bookitk toord);
spec, drawing, pointing, descriptive, pic-
torial, etching, picturesque, figural, dia- J
grammtitic.

1. See DEBCBIPTIVE.

BTapbft«, n. plumbago (lech.), lead (popif
lar).

crapple, V. t. & i.d n. close (chiefly v. i.),
Juloh; spec, tackle (U. S.), clinch or '
Jench (U. S.), lock, embraoe.
AiUonyjos: see free, i

Eraapi I', t. reach (contextual); spec, clutch;
— (dl used chiefly with "at" or after."

Erass, n. Spec, cereal, bent, eddish, hay,
couch, fiorin, fog, dtutvk, drauk, timothy,
redtop, eto.

Braiiland, n. green (rare, exc. spec.), swsrd
(more literary than "grassland"); spec.
grass-spot, lawn, greensward, paetui«,
meadow, mead (chiefly poetic or dial.).

Kraasy, a. grasslike, herby; spec, gramine-
ous, grammaccoos, gramineal, gramini-
form, swardy, benty, conchy, foggy.

crate, v, t. 1. iSee abiuoe.
9. emit (contextual), utter (contextual);
spec, grind {used wiih "out"), rasp.

grate, v. i. 1. See ritb,
1. Referring to the noise: spec, jar, grind,
creak, scroop, rasp, screak, scrunch,
squeak, crank (rare), stridutate, groan.

crate, n. frame (conlexluai); spec, grating,
screen, basket.

srattng, a. 1. rubbing (cf. rub, v. i.).
I. scrapy; spec. grindinE, rusty, screaky,
creaky, scrooping, squeaKy, raspy.

crating, n. I. rubbing (cf. rdb, v. i.).
i. Spec grind, scroop, screak, creak,
squeak, scratch, rasp, stridulation. |

grating, n. 1. frame (conlextuai), grate
(noui unusuai), grid (chiefly spec.); spec
grille or grill, crotch (local Eng.), hunlle,
portcullis, heck (chiefly Scot.), gnxily.
9. In optica: fitter.

crave, n. burial place, hearse (terchaie),
cell (cliiefty poetic), chamber (eonlextuat),
tomb (often spec.), sepuJcher (more pf»-
lenlious than "orope" )iSepulture {arehaie);
spec, charnel-house, Davy Jones's tock^
(naut. cant), mausoleum, mastaba (Egypt-
ology). "Orave" as strictly used ap^tet
only to an excavated cavity in the gromd.

gravel, n. I. stone (contextual; acoUectioe^,
stones (contextual; pi.), chesil (Eng.), gnt
(now rare), grail (arcAaic or poetic); spec.
shingle (chiefly Eng.), beach (Eng.), i '
luvium, ballast.

ETandlloqnu

•3, •■ ' -■

I sntelUl: Ihankfu!, arnrplable.

ITbtlfy: pteaar, ifitiddtn, ffrant

CiBtlfrlac: :Kci!alabU, pjeiuani,

Cmtla, (Kit.-* fretiii.

tntl*, i: fr^
\ Kntultoai: /ret, frmtid/u.,

tS" See Botu ot EipUastlD

CTKtnlty: gi/l,
dignilird. laui

GRIDDLSCAKK

», See CALCULUS.
F paveitone, n. stone, monument, tomb-
stone; spec, ledger, headstone, footstonc,
shait, cross, etc.
KMfi a. 1. grey (var. spelling, by some waed
uitk di^eretU implicatiaits from "gray";
"gray" w chiejly U. S., "grtjf' ehUJty
Briliah); epec. grayish, pizdy or grisly,
pUiled, hoar, Eoary, griseous {teamed),
bla« (o6iS, or Scot, aivi dial. Eng.), ashen,
ash-colored, pearly, leaden, lead-colored,
cloudy, clouded, miaty, fo^y, perae {ar-
etiaic), pearled, leady, frosty, canescect,
gray-baired, drab.

Kraiy, v. t. Spec, cloud, pearl, griizle.
gny-h&lred, a. gray, hoar {lilerary), hoa^

headed (literary); spec, silver-haired,

griixly, grUsled.
KTue, II. t. & i. 1. rub (contextual); spec.

shave, brush, ra:ie (Tore), scrape, scratch,

glance.

1. See ABRADE.

■rase, n. 1. rub (amtextual); spec, shave,
brush, scrape, scratch, glance.

■. See ABRASION.

■raie. v. i. 1. feed (coTitextu/d) ; spec, pas-
ture, browse, depasture (tech.).
S. See TEND.

(lailnCi n. I. Referring lo tlie act: spec.
pasture (rare), pasturage, depasturation
(<eck.), depasture (tech.).
S. Referring lo vihai is fed on: pasture,
pasturage, range (U. S.).

■TaaB«, a. fat; spec, lard, axung, tollon,
butter, slush, suet, oil, drippings (pi.),
dubbing.

KTMisc, V. 1. 1. lubricate (literary, exc. spec.);
spec, butter, oil, dub, lord, anoint, gar-

S. See BRIBE.
Kieasyt a. I. fat, unctuous; spec, oily,
lardy, yolkyCo/iBoofi.
•. See auooTH, sufpert.

. SecB

DEEP, QENEBOUa,

, CHrBf, FINE,

1. Bfiferring to degree, intensity, etc.: flpec.
passing (archaic), pronounced, decided,
tnightv (rhetoricol or chiefly coUoq.), vast,
fearful (coUoq.), dense, desperate (coUoq.),
deuced (elarxg or mllog.), plaguey (sUmg),
devilish (slang), thundering (alnng or cal-
Jog.), mortal (cotloq.), magnificent {<As.,
exc. as a titk or slang), terrible (colhq.),
terrific (coUoq.) dreadful (colloq.), divine
( eoOoq.), — -'--

Antonyms: see buall, unimportant,

ereatu, n. more, major (not used leilk

"than"); epec. better.
Kreatest, a. 1. most, best (in "best part"),

maximum, maximal.

Kieatly, a. well, vastly (coUog.), highly,
hugely, immanely (rare).

CEeataess, n. I. See size.
3. Spec, dignity, distinction, fame, much-
ness, grandeur, generosity, importance, dc.

preed, n. desire, greediness, cupidity, avid-
ity; spec. ommvorousnesB, avarice, covet-
ousnesa, graepingncss, rapacitj;, rapa-
ciouaneaa, insatiaSleneas, pleonexia (rare),
hunger (often fig.), thirst (o/ten fig.), ex-
orbitancy, gluttony.

creedy, a. desirous, cupidous (rare), covetr
ous; spec, avid, avaricious, omnivorous,
insatiable, pleonectic (rare), ravenous,
rapacious, grasping, gripple (arclutie),
hungrv, thirstv, exorbitant, gluttonous,
piggish (coUoq), hoggish (vulgar or tnten-

Antonyms: see obnebous.

Gceek, o. Grecian (dtiefiy spec.), Hellenic
(chiefiy spec), Helleniaji (rare), Helladian
(rare), Helladic (rare); spec. Greekish,
Dorian, Doric, Ionian, Ionic, Spartan,
BiEOtian, Thracian, Romaic, Itahc.

Greek, n. Grecian (rore), Hellene, Hellenic
(the language), Greekling (cmilempt-mits).

Kreen, a. 1. Verdant (cniefly spec.); spec.
glaucous, porraceoua (rare), citrine or cit-
trinous, ctcsioua, chlorine or chlorochrous,
ohvBceous, olive, smaragdine.

I. See FRESH, IMMATUBE, INEXPERI-

tachio, bice, corbeau (French).

a. See VERDtTRB.

greenlsli, a. green, glaucous, virescent (lit-
erary), viri descent (rore),

greet, v, I. 1. address (ram/eiiuai), receive;
spec, accost, salute, hail, welcome.
». See RECEIVE.

CieetlnE, n. I. address (amtextwd), re-
ception; spec, accost, salutation, salute,
hail, Bve, welcome, colors (pi.); see rb-

Antonyms: see farewell, goodby.

I. See RECEPTION.

BTcyhound, n. grew or grewhound f Scoi.);
spec, sapling, tumbler.
EilddleGBlte, n. slapjack (U. S.); spec.

GBIDIROH

ITidlron. n. grill, brander (Scot,), brand-
iron (dial.), orandreth {obs.).

gritt, n. diacotnfort (contextual), dole
(eo'ehaic).

giU)*«, V. I, diBComfoTt {amtextual), dis-
treaa (contec/uai), pain (chiefly spec.), hurt
(chiefly apec.), sadden, Borrow (rore);
tpee. agonize, torture, torment, aggrieve,
trouble, oppress, afflict.
Anlonymg: eee please, gladden.

grlmaoe, n. face, mow (now rare), mop
(now rare); spec, mouth, mug (ihcaCrical
sfanff).

(rimsoe. v, i, mow (now rare), mop (now
rare); spec, mouth (rarv), mug (theotrieal
dang).

KTtnd, V. I. \. comminute (conlexiual;
/earned), crush; awe. whet, triturate, mas-
ticate, crunch, Dray, mull (dial. Eng.),
pestle (rare), roll, mill.

I. SecABRADE, SHARPEN, GRATE, OPPRBSB.

Crind, V. t. 1. comminute (contextual:
learned), crush; gpec. triturate, roll, mill,

S. See TURN, ORATE, DRUDGE, STUDY.

trtt, n. dirt (eonUxlual); spec, sand, gravel,

■rlt*, n. pi. grain (cont^itwil; a colleetiee),

groats (pi.); spec, oatmeal (a collective;

ting.), hominy (a atUective: Hng.).
Brittyia. dirty («»t(ei(J«iO,calculoua(rare),-

spec, muddy, sandy, stony, gravelly.
CToKiii V. i. !• moan.

t. See BUFFER,

(roln, n. angle {contextual), edge, rib.

(room, 1. 1. hostler or ostler [orig. spec.),
coiatrel (archaic); spec, paltrenier (ar-
chaic), nagsman (caid), tiger (in littery),
equerry.

1. See BRIDEGROOM.

KEoom, ti. (. 1. tend (contextual), fettle
(dud.); svee. brush, rub, comb, curry,

». SeeTiDT.
crooT*, n. 1, channel (coTttextual); spec.
furrow, rut, flute, cannelure, channclure,
canaliculation, sulcus, gutter, chamfer
(obs. or rare), chase, rebate, rabbet, rifle,
croze, mortise, vallecula, cut, score, gain,
glyph, coulisse (French),
1. See

gtoove, V. I. channel (contextual); spec, (ur- I
row, gouge, chase, croze, rebate, throat, 1
quirk, rine, dado, ditch (rare), excavate,

grooved, a. channeled (contextuoi); spec.

Hulcate, gott^red, fossulate, canaliculate,

contomiate, valleculale,
KToove-ihspcd. a. sulciform (tech.).
(iap«, i>. t. feel, search, grabble (chiefly I

spec), puzzle (only fig.).
CTOplDKl7t a. blindly. '

croiB, a. crass (chiefly spec.); gpec. big,

bulk^. coarse, dense, fat, fla^ant, dull,

stupid, brutal, unrefined, whole, vulgar,

obscene, sensual, earthy.
Antonyms: see KicB, DELICATE, rbmnbd.

SToamesa, n. craaaness; spec, size, build- I
ness, coarseness, fatness, flapanc/, dull- f
ness, stupidity, brutality, vulgarity, ob- [
Bcenity, sensuality.

(rouad, n. I. See earth, land, base,

BASIS, FOUNDATION, REASON, BXCTrsB,
GIST, (in pi.), DREG, (in pt.). 1

I. As in "on that ground," etc.: basis,
reason; spec, antecedent.
KTouDd, V. 1. 1. See base, establish, pell,

*. Ina nauHad sense: strand (ori^. spec.;
more dignified than "ground"); spec.
beach, sand, shore (rare).

EToandleiB, a. causeless (as having no
valid cause), uncalled-for, baseless, un-
founded, ungrounded, reasonless, unsolid
(rare), gratuitous (chiefly spec.); spec,
misgrouaded, idle_, unprovoked, unasked, I
unsought, unsolicited, vmjuetifiable, wf " '
ton (uiiUful as well as unjustifiable).
Antonyms: see reasonable.

Kioup, n. Spec, assembly, assemblage,
combination, block, bunch, family, nest,
knot, body, cluster, flock, flight, plexus,
division, clump, round, roundlet, bundle,
claque, flush, shock, shook, stack, dieaf,
gens, clan, sept, tribe, race, party, clique,
system, species, genua, variety, horde, or-
der, class, phylum, kingdom, force, army,
array, corps, battahon, regiment, com-
pany, squsjlron, battery, fleet, command,
glomerule, school, class, etc. "Group" »n
its original sense was a term of Ike flne arts.

tttlOj:
crlHla,
Cilailr.

t^* See Hotu ot E

d referred to an tKiemhtage of two or more
rr (Ajecls forming a complete design
. ,. inadesicn; henceiUaiieBOBrffer-
TiTtg to any oBsemhiage considered as a unil.
gionp, a. gentile (as Ihepentile name), gea-
tilitial (rore), gentilitious (rara); spec.
family.

croup, c. t. i£ i. assemble; spec, arrange,
cloamfy, cluater, clump, tuft.
pove, n. wood (contextual), tope {An{)lo-
Indian), tuft (literary or rare); tpec.
pinery, pinetum.
crow, V. i. 1. live, wax (archaic or literary) ,
form; spec, luxuriate, fungus, fungate,
Bpindle, shoot, vegetate, develop,
ArOonyma:

II. See ARISE, DE
ACCRITE, OEnUIN
aENEKATB.
crow, v. l. proc
plonte or, U. S.
wpec.); epee. cuiti
fMWl, f . t. 1. gnt
oirD (iScof.)/ s^e
wn^l. n. 1_ ffTIA'

:Crow, 11. I. produce, raise (referriTtg to
plants or, if. S., animals), rear (chiefly
wpec.); epee. cuitivat«.
^wk V. i. 1. gnarl (rare), gnar (literary),
giro (Scot,); spec, grumble, snarl.

crowl, n. 1. gnarl (rare), gnar (lUtrary),
gim (Scot.); spec, grumble, snarl.

». See COMPLAINT.

crown, a. adult, mature (chiefly spec),

full-grown; spec. ripe.
Antonyms: see immatuhe.
growth, n. 1. development, thrift

Ihtidthy); spec, germination, increase. Cf.

_L production, rearing (ckUfly spec.);
apec. cultivation, culture, etc, Cf. grow,
t. SomclhiTig that has grown: formation,
' jntMiuct; spec, sprout, spire, shoot, flush,
accretion, excrescence, vegetation, sucker,
fleece (in fig. sense of feaihery part of
;niase<, etc.), stand (reUUiiie number on a
given area). Cf.oRow.
«. See increase:.
I. adulthood.

crDdca> f. 1. 1. give, begrudge, grutch (rare
or archaic).
t. See BNVT.

cradc».n' illwill. "Grudge" is now rarely
■Uted of the general feeling of "ill vrill," but
niher of a varticidar instance, tcilh syno-
nyms as foUows: grutch (rare), down (coU
tog.); spec, spite.

fnftiaatce, f. (. undertake, insure or en-
I BUre, assure, piaranty (rare), warrant;
tpec. secure, vouch.

ca*T<i<vt«e, V. i. undertake, vouch; tpec.
agree, contract.

Kuarantee, n. I. guarantor; spec, suretj',
voucher, warrantor, insurer, bailor, bad,
contractor.
). guaranty; — rderring to &e ad or thing.

Cii>iaiit7, n. 1. Of the act: guarantee, un-
dertaking, warranty; spec, security, in-
surance, assurance, vouch (archaic),
voucher.

1. Of the thing: guarantee, warrant; spec.
security, voucher, agreement, contract,

Ca»rd, V. I. 1. protect, keep (now chiefly
spec), ward (archiac); spec, watch, over-
watch, safeguard, escort, attend, tile
(Freemasonry), patrol, picket.
S. watch, check.

Kuard, V. i. watch, ward (archaic); spec.
beware, patrol, sentry (rare).

Euard, n. 1. QT the tui or fact: protection,
watch, ward (archaic), keep (chiefly
Bpee.);spec. custody, escort.
>. Referring to persons: protector, watch,
keeper (chiefly spec.), safeguarder, guai^
dian (more formal than "guard"), warden
(literary or archaic, exc. spec), warder
(literary or archaic, exc. spec.) ; spec, picket
(of one or more), deathwatch, escort, pa-
trol (chiefly coUedive sing.), watchman,
safeguarder, safeguard, sentinel, sentry
(the usual military term), vanguard (col-
lectiee sing.), wardaman (rare), cordon
(coUeciive pi,), rearward (coUeditie pi.).
t. Referring to things: spec, protection,

?rotector, shooter, pad, ward, teuba
Japanese), button, cowcatcher, pilot
(B «.).

Cnatded, a. Spec, protected, close, cau-
tious, careful.

CUiirdlBii, n. 1. protector, guard; «pec.
custodian.

2. In latv: spec, curator, conservator,

cuardtanihfp, n. 1. care, protection; spec.
custody.

). In law: spec, curatorship, tutorship,
tutelage, tutorage, tutory (rare), ward,
wardship, matronage.

cueis, V. t. ■£ t. 1. conjecture, surmise, sus-
pect (chiefly spec.), jalouse (Scot.), suspi-
cion (coUoq. for "suspect"); spec, mistrust,
divine, predict, theorize, imagine, foresee.
Antonyms: see know.
9. Seen

1^ Crojr rrfemces: jee ]
Cmral: rrwp, mnw.
BTOvaUnf 1 abjaa.
crab. f. >..* did. dTMdfii. I
frab, ■, t,; dia, dear, up
Cnb, n,.- iana. food.
ibbrt d> '

El

CmdilnK, n.: rnv.

(tuR, a,.- rough, nrlu-
■nuiibl& I. I.: comflain. mut-
■niniB, n..* blood, rla.
IS" See Hotn of EipImnBtloB

211

crampr, I

(B«rdbonH: iliAt«r, friiat.
Kuddla: ealch.
cudewm; pivoL
(nudoD: rrumrd.
CnsrlllB: fishlrr.

guai*, tt. coniecture, Burmieo, shot (cot-
loq.), surmisaJ (rare),- spec. miBtrust, sus-
picion, cast, divination, predictioa, the-
ory, imagination, Toresigbt.

(ueiier, n. conjecturer, aunniser; spec.
ffidipuB ijig.), mistruater, diviner, elc.

cnait, n. visitor; spec, convivpl {at afea»t;
ob*.), umbra (Roman hist.), Hhadow (o
Lalinism), diner, company (a eoUeclive),
parasite.

(oldanoB, n. 1. dirortion, conduction,
duct^ pilotage (chiefiy iptc); spec, steering,
l^Mling, lead, roarstiaJing, manuduction
(rare), steerage (nauf. or rare), escort.

pilds, P. (. I. direct, conduct, pilot (chiefly
spec.), show;
cicerone, lead, i
or fig.), escort,

S. See MANAGE, ABVIBE.

(Hide, n. 1. director, directer, conductor,
Mercury (Jig.), pilot (chiefly sp^.); spec.
majBhaler, leacier, cicerone, aightsman
(rare), steersman, ateerer.
I; Referring to IhiTigs: spec, landmark,
lodestar, cynosure (literary), key, clew,
due, thread, directory, index, fence,
screed, trail, trace, guidebook, bridle.

snidebook, n. Spec. Baedeker, itinerary,
roadbook, ruttier (archaic).
gnldepoat, n. woypoet; ape. fingerpost.
cniltleii, a. innocent, blameless; see in-

MOCENT.

Antonyms: see blauabij:.
■nllty, a. blamable, nocent (rare); spec.
criminal, seU-accusing, conscious.
Antonyms: see blameless, innocent.
sultar, n. Spec, vina, sancbo, samisen

(Japanese), sitar (Anglo-Indian).
Kullet, n. 1. (Esophagus (lech.).

a. See NECK. THROAT.

EnUr? ". valley (conlcxiual); spec, arroyo

(hxal, U. S.).
■amin;, a, g:umlike, gummous (rare),

gummose (rare); spec, mucilaginous.
Knn, n. 1. cannon; sjiec. ponipom, big

Bertha (colloq.).

S. firearm, shooter (coUo^.), pelter (fiif \

morous); spec, musket, nSe, pistol, r^

volver, matchlock, Catling.
Eunboat, n. Spec, tinclad (coUoq:).
Kunnci, n. I. shooter (cotUextual); ipee, I

musketeer, carbineer.

t. artilleryman, artillerist, eannoD___,

gun (coUog. or ctaU); spec, bombardier,

culverineer.

1. hunter. I

(iiTgle, V. i. & n. 1. KUggle; see flow, Boa-

1. See LAtroH.

mstr. a. unsteady, fretful, puffy,
tntter, n. channel (cfmlextual); spec, can-

nel or kennel {British).
Kuttural, a. 1. throat (the noun used al-

Iribiilinely) .

2. O/stmrnfa.- throat, thick, throaty.
guzEie, V. I. consume, drink, bum (clang,

U. S.), iiiEurgitate (rare).
KTbe. V. i. d: n, shift.
■ymnailum, n. calisthenium (rare),

gymkhana (Anglo-Indian or tran^erred),

palipstra or palestra (chiefly Greek antiq.i.
Kjva-atax, n. athlete (contextual); spec,

contortionist, equihbrist, ropewalker,

KTmnastlo, a. athletic (conlexttiol), gym-
nic (rare): spec, calisthenic.

KymnaBtloB, n. athletics (contextuai); spec
calisthenics,

Krp>r< a. Egyptian, Romaniaa (rare), Bo-
hemian, Romany (cant); spec. Tiigany.

cyp'T. n. 1. Egyptian, Bohemian, c^rd
(5co(.), rom (male; caul), Romany, faw
(dial. Eng.); spec. Tsigany.
a. Referring to the language: Roman.

bkblt, n. 1. See dkgbs.
9. custom, use (chiefly liUrary or poetic
for "mistom"), wont (chiefly lUerary for
"custom"), usage, habitude (rare), con-
suetude (rare), practice, rule; epec.
cacoethes, knack, trick.

habitual, a, comroon (fimtextjud), accus-
tomed, customary, usual, wont«d, cod-

inil*: dtailfuliitH, dtctjitim

■nlUtnli dKwitfuI.

nUMau: nmpi*.

SnUt: Norn*.

fulu: cailumt, apftaraiKt. r

ffnll; inttt. abt/u.

tun, I. t.t dtcrivt. dupe.

cottar, r (

bsbltudc: habit.

H&imBREAIlTH

suetui^^najy (rare); apee. haokncyed, set-
tled, confinned, inveterate, great.
Antonyms - we occasional.

liMik, n. 1. See horse.
I. author {eoniexival), drudge, penny-a-
liaer, hodman (lUerary); apec. jobber.

haCi 1- beldam or beldame (literary or
rare), witch, harridan (rare).
Anlonj/mn: see beadtt.

lull, V. 1. 1. See GREET.
I. call; spec, hollo.

bkU, V. i. call; spec, avc, hollo, hello.

hkll, n, call; spec, hollo, hello, ave.

Ii«ii, n. filament {conUxtual); spec, bristle,
hairlct, eyeliiah, kcmp, whisker, villus.

takir, n. Reftrring to the natural coverirtg or
mat of hair: apec. friiile, fur, wool, down,
thatch (fig.; humaroua), carrots (red; hu-
morous or derisive), crme (rare), benrd,
mustache, pile, grizzle, mane, pubes-
cence, wool, pubes.

balr, a. pilar (rtire), crinal (rare).

faRlT-dreBBer, n. coiffeur (Frertch; a^ected
as fashitmahle), friaeur (French; rare);
apee. barber.

bailted, a. Spec, (her.) maned, crined.

halrlnets, n. hireuteneaa, hirsutles (tech.),
hispidity, crinoaitv (rare), piloaity (rare).

halilike, a. hairy (rare), filamentous; spec.
capiltifonn, capiUaceous (rare), thread-
like, villous.

lulry, a. Sprc. hairish, hispid (chiefly
tech.), bristly, hirsute (learned or liierary),
shaggy, crimte, keropy, comose or comous,
pilose or (rare) pilous, peh lie (rare), pile-
ous (rare), rough, t^jmentose, woolly,
capillate, capillose, villous, turry, pu-
bescent.
Antonyms: see bald, bare.

IiKlberd, halbert, n. bill; spec, epontoon,
brown bill, lochaber, battle-ax.

half, n. moiety (legal or formaTl; apee.
hemisphere, mediety.

haltbraed, n. Spec, mestizo (masc.), mes-
tisa (/em.), mulatto, mule,

iMtU-Bedxad; a. pin-feathered.

Iialtpenny, n. bawbee (Scot.), make
(slang), mail (obs. or hist.).

lull, n. 1. See abode.
1. building (contextual); spec, dormitory,
casino, college, burse (Eng.), pantheon,
prytaneum (Greek antiq.).
t. room (contextual), hallway; spec, ante-
room, lobby, divan, atrium (Roman an-

tiq.), impluvium (Roman antig.), durbar

(East Iitdia), sala (Spanish).

4. passage (contextual); spec, corridor,

gallery.
ballowed, a, holy, consecrated, blessed.

Antonyms: see unholy.
halluolnntloa, n. deception, fancy; spec.

panes thesia or paresthesia, lobscopy,

phoephene, photism, afterimage, photo-
halo, n. 1. circle, burr (chiefly apee.), aura,

brough (Seal.; chiefly spec.); spec, corona.

i. See aiORT.
halter, n. 1. Spec, hackamore (U. S.).

I. for ftonffinjcrimiTiaJs.' rope, rope's end,

tether (rare).
halvo, V. C. divide, dimidiate (rare); spec.

bisect.
ham, n. 1. In quadrupeds: hock.

1. thigh; spec, gammon.
hammer, n. Sjiec. beetle, maul or mall,

mallet, tapper, rammer, commander,

bush-hammer, fuller, woolstock, sledge,

ekelper, helve, martel, mash, striker,

plexor, flatte, bucker, gavel, cock.
hammer, v. t. strike (conlextutd), beat

(contextual); spec, drive, tilt, ram, draw,
hammer- Btaaped, a. malleifurm (rare).
hamper, v. I. hinder, embarrass, trammel

(primarily spec; a stronger word Uum

"hamper"), entramrael (inlenaive), fetter,

cumber or encumber (primarily spec.);

spec, clog, shackle.
hamper, n. hindrance, embarrsssroent,

encumbrance, encumberment (rare),

trammel.
hamitrlni:, v. I. hough, hock; spec, spade,
hand, n. 1. extremity (contextual), i

(slang), fomble (alang) ; spec, fist, forefoot.

9. In cards: spec, dummy, flush, straight,
full house, carte blanche, crib, etc.

bandbac, n. grip (coUoq.), gripsack (col-
loq., U. S.): spec, portmant^u (chiefly
British), Gladstone bag or (for aftor()
gladstone, satchel, carpetbaa, suitcase,
carryall (Eng.), scrip, cachet (French).

handbook, n. manual, vade mecum (Lal-
iii), enchiridion (/earned); apec. guidebook,

handbreadtb, n. palm.

rCnaiwifatm

haccla, f . I.; chap.
haald g, t..- canl, bariisin.
han&toB*: piltit.

k. hBlIn, ittUoo: h

hallowed: holy.

M,

BAHDBRSD

¥

1. Spte. cade.

hmndolMp, n. grip, olutch, griup.

takndfal, n. 1. gripe {local, Eiig.), fistful;
tpec. wisp.
I. SWPEW.

handioap, n. 1. S
a. penalty (caiU).

lwndlMp,ii.f.p^ialize(canf); spec, weight.

huidkaTcblcl, n. wiper (rare), wipe
{siang), Budarium or Budary (primarily
tpec.; a bookish ward), fogle (slang), rag
(ami or along); tpec. Barcelona (oba,),
bandaimB, Madras, foulard, romal (Mex-
ico and souChxpesUm U. S.), vemicle.

buidle, n. gtip, stale (dial, or tech.); spec.
spindle, hajiastaS, crop, snead (chiefiij
Scot. & dial.), grasp, brake, helm, hait,
loom, helve, lug, Kilt, snath or snathe,
bow, bail, tiUer, stalk, ear, pfUm, crutch,
withe, ehaft, sally, t«te, tale (rare),
rouDoe, pull, crank.

hkudls, V. (. 1. touch (contextual), paw
(ckiefiy spec, or contempluoiis), hand
(rare), manipulate; spec, feel, fumble,
finger, thumb, fist, palm, gentle, man-
haodle, smooth.
I. haft, hilt, helve.

I. See UANAGB, TRBAT.

bandied, a. ansate (rare).

bandllac, n. touching (conlextu/fl); spec.

nmiiipiilation, thumbmg, fingering, con-

- :i (rare).

b^adwriUnc, n. chirography, paw (coUoq.
or jocular). BcripUon (rare), scripture
(rore), fist (jocular or cant), script, hand,
calUgraphy (priiaarily s]irc.): spec, char-
acter, cacography, graphology, penman-
ship, courthand.

faand- written, a. manuscript.

hBDc, If. I. 1. suspend, depend (rare); spec.
dangle, drape, droop, awing, sky (carti).
S. execute (amtexlual), palibiilate (hutitor-
oiu:nimee);gpec. gibbet, trusa(rare),Huper-
collat« (rare and ludicrous), noose, halter,

banc, V. i. I. depend, suspend (rare); spec.
dan^e, lop, dingle-dangle (intenaioe),
stream, flow, trail, droop,
t. die (cantexiual), swing (cnlloq.).
1. Spec, impend, hover, lean.

4. See FLT, STICK, ATTEND, DELAY, STAT.

banc, n- 1- Spec, dangle (rare), drape,
1. See ABIUTT, MT.

tukneer-oo, n. dependent, parasite, bur or
burr (fig.): spec, client.
Atttonyms: see supportek.

hanstncd. t. dependent; «pec.pendulauH,
pendulant (rare), deciimbent, flaggy, pen-
dent or pendantj pensile, peuduhne (rare),
drooping, danglmg.
1. supporting, suspensory, suspensorial.

banElBCi R. !• dependence, dajiglemeiit
(rare).
S. execution (coritezfuol); spec. ^bbet.

8. See DRAPERY.

hkncmkn, n. Jack Ketch (a popular
name), ketch (coUoq.).

bappen, d. i. I, See occttr, chance.
1. With an indirect object: chance (now
rare), bechance (rare). Detide (only in 3d
person, and jnoaliy in "woe betide"), befall
(archaic).
1. come, fall; spec, strike, stumble; — with

harass, v. t. distress (contextual), badger;
spec, dragoon, heckle, curae, beset, worry,
annoy, gall, harry, haggle, embarrass, u-
flict, depress,
Aidonyms: see comport, protect.

barassed, a. distressed (contextual); spec.
hagridden.

barbor, n. 1. See refuqe.
%. port, haven (a word now becoming liter-
ary); spec, mole, cothon, seaport, portlet.
bunder (Anglo-Indian).

hard, a. 1. firm, solid (as opposed lo vihat u
"fluid," "gaseous," or "liquid"), ri(rid (ai
opposed to "pliable," soft"), sclerous
((ecA.), indurated, dure (literary), doiur
(Scot.), untender (rare);8pec. adamantine
(chiefly literary or tech.), resistant (rare),
stony, marble, iron, steely, icy, flinty,
brazen, brassy (oftenjig.), dintlesB, rocky.

fi^uratiVi

ALCOHOLIC, AOSTBHE, CttTJEL, UNFEELING,

harden, v. t. tt i. 1. firm (chi^y lech, or
literary), solidify; spec, steel, Dutch, im-
marble (rare), stone (rare), enhardeo
(rare), indurate, crust, braze, callous,
chill, Harvey, Harveyiie, crisp, congeal,
freeze, case-harden, vidoaniae.

I

: see soften.
«. wjuftucu, inure, indurate, calloua (rare).
I. Referring to the JeelinBs, morah, etc.:
obdurate (rare), obdure (rare), indurate,
callous {Jig.); spec, senBualize, brutalize,
MoloohiiB {nonce word), savagize {rare),
braze OT" bra«en (rare), stiffen, confirm.
Antonynui: see soften.

taaxdlness, n. 1. See BOLDNess.
S. strength, endurance, robustness, stur-
diness, Htoutoess, vigor, toughness.

Ii>r(t7, adv. 1. Spec, severely, barsbly {qf.

1. scarcely, barely, merely, iust.
luudnega, n. 1. firmness, solidity, indura-
tionj spec, adamant, etc., sclerosis, scir-
rhoaity.
a. Spec, austerity, cruelty, etc. [cf. aus-

TEBB, CRPBI., e(C.),

bHdlr, o. 1. See boij>, couraqeoub.
%. strong, endurins, robust, robustious,
sturdy, sl^ut, tougn, rugged.
Anlonyms: see delicate, weaklt.

kua> n. Bawd (a dialect proper name, like
"Reynard" for the fox), cutty {Scot.), puss
or pUBsy (oB a qitasi proper name), wat
(now chiefy dial,); spec, leveret, leparine,
lagimorpfuc.

seraglio, serail {rare); spec.

II dmtd.

^^_ bud-iwutad

1 (rotter euphemistic), harlotry (chiefiy
tilerary; often used as a term qf opprobrium
for a woman), trull, meretnx (rare),
whore (now becoming vulgar), limmer
(Seol.), strumpet; spec, hetajra or hetaira
(Oreekaniig.), streetwalker, night walker.

Iwrlot, a. I. meretricious (chieflj/ spec.).
9. See LEWD.

harlotry, n. prostitution {esp, for hire),
atrumpctry; spec, hetxerism, hetairism.

barm, n. 1, evil, hurt, ill, injury, damage, le-
sion (liierary, exc. spec, in med,), mischief,
execution (chiefly in "to do exec\iiion"),
scathe (archaic; chiefly as a generic sing.),
grame (archaic); spec, bale (lOerar!/), dese-
cration, abuse, bane, waaU, breaking,
beating, misfortune, ruin, etc.
B. Referring lo the violation of legal rights:

*. SeeDETRliaEKT.

IiAriD, V. I, 1. hurt, injure, damage, scathe
(archaic); spec, abuse, desecrate, break,
best, wBat«, etc.
Anlonyms: see benefit.
t. Referring lo legal harm: see injuee.

lurinlal, a. 1. evil, ill {now chiefly rhetor-
ical, exc. as occurring in proverbn or in cer-

tain phrases), bad (a mild word), hurtful,
injunous, noisome (chiefly spec), malefi-
cent (chiefiy literary), malefic {chiefly
spec.), misi^evouBi spec, damaging, bale-
ful, mimical, dire, oireful, fell, ^neful
(poetic or rheloricol), pestiferous, malig-
nant, sinister, sinistrous (rare), noxious,
nocent (rore), deleterious, destructive,
disadvantageous, unfortunate, pernicious,
etc,
Anlonyms: see beneficial, harmi^ss.
1. See iNJtnuoos (referring lo harm to
legal riglds).

hKciolais, a, hiirtless, ill-lees (rare), inno-
cent, innocuous (now chiefly stilled, exc.
spec.), innoxious (rare), safe, inoffensive,
unharmfiil (rare), unhortful (rare); spec,
woundlesa (rare).
Antonyms: see h

■laimonloui. a. 1

1. harmonial (rare), harmonic (more tech-
nical than "haTWonvnte"), symphonic or
symphonious, consonant, spheral (poetic),
melodious, smooth {contextiud), concin-
nous (rare)., tunable (rare), tuneful, mu-
sical, concordant, undiscording (rare);
spec, sympathetic.
Antnnyms: see inrabmoniocb, discoko-

harmonlie, v. i. 1. See aqhee, sxmpa-

1. tune, chime, blend, chord.
faaciniialte, v. t. 1. attune, melodize, con-
cent (jare).
t. unite, reconcile, conform.

1. See ADJDBT, ADAPT.

harmonr< "■ !• See agbeement, con-

BlBTENCY, UNITY, BMOOTHNEBH, OHDEK.

I. smoothness {contextual); spec, melody,
concert (now rare), tune (as in "in tune"),
chord, cadence, concord, monochoid
(rare), concent (archaic), consonance,
chime, descant (historical), concentus (lit-
erary) , symphony (iiierary), unison, diapa-
son, diaphony, organum, faburden (hist.).
Anlonyms; see dihcobd, dibcordancb.
). Referring to a literary work showing cotb-
sistency of parallel passages: spec, dial«a-

harneas. v. t. hitch (U. S.); spec, saddle,
inyoke, yoke, span, inspan (South Africa),

Anlonyms: see unhabness.
harp, n. Spec, dau^chach (Celtic), ka>

4 Noil

turdlhoad: 6dU»ci

tS" See Mot** or Eipluutlon.

A6lIo, Oeypeta, Celteoo or Podar^; —
their number, Kovxver, being vanoaaly

lurih, a. 1. Sjtte. rough, acid, acrimoni-
oua, dure {iUerary), beanah, brutal, rude,
churlish, hard, unkind, unjfenial, aharfi,
crude, coarBe, brute, brutish, intender

{Tare), s<

:, blunt, round, aatrin-

^
^

S. Referring to souTufs; cacophonouH (rare
or learned), unmelodiousj vpec. metallic,
brazen, hard, hoarse, strident, iron, sca-
brous (rare), raucous, unswect (rare), rag-
ged, discordant, gratmg.

bantanesB, n. Spec, hardness, cruelty,

crudity, crudeaess, unkindness, ungen-

tleness, acidity, sstringency, dissonance,

raucity (rare), etc.
hkrreit, n. 1. yield, product, harvestry,

crop, gather (rare); spec, vintage, rabi

(A nglo-Indian) ,

t. See PR0DO(7r.
bftrrsit, V. I. crop (rare), reap (primarily

spec.); spec, glean, hay, vindcmiate (rare),

Antortyrns: tue sow.
harvesteT, n. harveetman, reaper; spec.

hkireit home, maiden (Scot.), kim
(Scot.).

haTTest qneen. Spec, harvest doll, kim
baby (Scot.), maiden (Seol.).

hki'been, n. quondam (obs.).

hMte. n. quickness, hurry, precipitation
or precipitancy, precipitance (rare), speed,
festination (rare), rush (headlong haste;
often tn a slang way, any haste), press, ex-
pedition, dispatch, expcditiouaness; spec.
posthaste (rare as a noun), rashness, bus-
tle, hustle, impetuosity, hastiness.
Antortyrns: see deliberation.

tuittan, V. I. quicken, hurry, dispatch,
speed, urge, press, hurry-scurry, precip-
itate, express, festmate (rare); spec, ruan,
spur, crowd, bundle, hustle.
Antonyms: see detain, retard.

hasten, v. i. quicken, go, hurry, press, hie
(arcKaic or poetic), dispatch, expedite, for-
ward, haste (literary); spec, scorch, fleet,
bustle (coUoq.), spurt, rustle (colhq.), fly,
chp (cdtog.), race, spur, wing, crowd (ar-
chaic or rare), scurry, run, peg (coUoq.),

powder (coUoq.), drive, post, hurry-
Antonyms: see DELAT.
haitlly, adv. quickly, hurriedly, cxpedi-

Uoiisly; apec. hotfoot, post (archaic), post-
haste, rashly, recklessly, helter-skelter,
hurry-scurry, etc.
hasty, a. quick, hasteful (rare), hurried,
precipitate; spec, precipitant (rare), ex-

[leditjous, rash, brash, running, hot-
leadcd, rapid, passine, '

helter-skelter, pell-Boell.
Antonyms: see nEUBERATE.

hat. n. chapeau (French); spec, cap, derby
{(/. S.), bowler (Eng.), billycock (Eng.),
dbus, sombrero, sundown ((/. S.), sugar
loaf, turban, castor, equam {(/. S.),
wideawake, tiara, tile (slang), petasus,
kausia, leghorn, dicer (slang), slough
(slang), shovel, mushroom (slann), felt
(cotiaq.), garibaldi, miter, turban, mitra,
busby (Brit.), shako, capehne, copintank
(obs.), Dolly Varden, caubeen (Irish),
chapenu-bras (French), kiss-me-quick,
jerry, Christie (Canada).

hat, B. t. Spec. cap.

hatband, n. Spec, veepei (slang or eoUoq.).

hate, n. This word, as dislingvished from
''hatred," denotes especially the actual feel-
ing or emotion; while "haired" denotot es-
peciallj/ merely the altitude nf mind. The

word hale"

s becoming ri

the beginning of the WoridWar
has become eommon again. See hatred.
Antonyms: see compassion.
hate, K. (. dislike (conteriuofl, abhor, de-
test, execrate, abominate; spec, loathe,
hateful, a. 1. dbagrecabls (contextual);
spec, spiteful, rancorous; see mauivo-

■. disagreeable (contexlital), offensive,
cursed, abominable, detestable, odious;
apec. spiteful, annoying, invidious.
Antonyms: see kindly, kind, apathetic,

hatred, n. di^ke, bate, abhorrence, heart-
burn, detestation, execration; spec, malev-
olence, malignity, enmity, abomination,

I

I

I

COMPASSION,

haaKhtlneii, n. arrogance, morgue

(French), hauteur (FrenBt, bid nearly An-
glicized), fKStU; (French; rare), tie.
hauBhty, a. proud (contexfual), arrogant,

uiow: plunilar. diilrt
inyt friundv. dufr-ut

luitlnMii luHte.

Xntonjfms;

HUMBLE. BERVTLE.

bkva, V. i. I. possess, hold; spec, own.
Ajttonj/ms: nee lack.

i. See GET, BXPEftlENCE, BNJOT, EXER-
CI8B, ENTERTAIN, REMEMBER, BEAR, KEEP,
DEFEAT, BTATB, LEARN, CAUSE, EFFECT.

hjiwk, n. Jack {male; ekiejiy spec.); spec.
eyas, brancher, buzzard, kite, windhover,
falcon, harrier, gerfalcon, haggard, hobby,
Bore, lanner, intermewer, Btaniel, lanncret,
kestrel, henbarrier, henbawk, goshawk,
tercel or tiercel, t«rcelet or tiercelet. Baker,
Bakeret.

hawk, f. t. sell, peddle, cry.

faawkcr, n. seller, dealer, peddler; spec,
colporteur.

liBwkliiE, n. falconry (chxefiy spec).

haaacd, n. Spec, chance, adventure, dan-
ger, Btake, bunker (^<i!f}.

lutie, n. 1. Spec, cloud, gauze (rare), fog,
mist, smoke, lume, miasma, pall, smother.

2. See OBBCURITT, DIMNESS.

has)', a. 1. dim (contextual), thick, misty,
cloudy, smoky, foggy, fumy; spec, miaa-

ATiionjfTns: see clear.

S. See DIM, INDISTINCT.

head, n. 1. headpiece {archaic or coUog.),
nob (aUata), noadle (coHog. or jocular},
mazard (archaic and jocular), garret
(rianu). poll (.obs,, ere. coUo^., dial., or in
"poll tax." etc.), pate [chiefly depreda-
tary), pash (oAs.), sconce {archaic and
jooiior), knob (sfan^), costard {contempt
r humoroue), coxcomb (Ai

sinciput {tech.), calvanum {tech.), jowl,
gorgoneion, skull, face.

Antonyms: see tail.
S. Referring to the hair of the head: crop
(slant); spec, mop, bush, shock.
«. See

(. chief; spec, leader, dean, conductor,
paterfamilias, provost, master, pncpos-
ItuB, hegumen (ecci.), mother (eccL), su-
perior (ecd.), cream, face,
S. Referring lo an infitirescenre: spec, ca-
pitulum (tech.), spike, glomerule, cabbage.

headaohe, n. cephalalgia (tech.).

headband, n. band, vitta {literary); spec.
fiHet.

taeaddreis, n. headgear, coiffure (F-ertch),
headtire {archaic); avec. barb, chignon,
cob, bridle, tower, butterfly, stephane,
commode, headclotha {pi.), capuchon,
poios, pouf (French), tontange (French),
tutulus, hennin {hisl.}.

headed, a. Referring to plants: spec, cap-
ital te, capitellate, kerned.

headlnt, n. 1. See front.
■. Referring to part or all of a book, morn*-
script, etc.: spec, title, head, caption
(chiefly V. S.; rather tech. or learned),
lemma (learned), capitulary (rare), rubric,

headland, n. head (mostly in pfoce namet),
foreland; spec, promontory, cape, cliff,
bluff, escarpment, nesa {mostly in place
names), reach (obs. or U. S.), peait (local),
horn (rare), nook (rare), tongue, spit,
hook, reef, maze (rare).

beadle*«, a. acephalous (tech.).

headloiiE, a. headfirst; spec, pell-mell,
hurry-scurry.

taeadpleoe, n. hfA'spec. casque {now poetic
or hist.), crest, helmet, headstall.

headship, n. primacy (dignified), suprem-
acy ;Bpec. chieftaincy, captaincy, chiefdom.

heal, f, I. Spec, incam (rare).

health, n. soundness, haleness (rare), eu-
craay (rare), healthfulness (rare), tone
(chiefly spec), euphoria (rore), sanity (ar-
chaic, exc. spec.), heal (Scot.); tpee. vigor,
hardiness.
Antonyms: see unhealth.

healthful, a. 1. Referring lo things: bene-
ficial, healthsome (rare), wholesome,
salutary, salutiferous (rare), salubrious
(chiefly spec.), healthy (a use aooided by
some); spie. laudable.
Antonyms: see unhgai/thful, fatho-

(. Referring to persona: see sealtht,
health resort, sanitarium, sanatorium,
panatarium (on erroneous form). There is
nn etymological reason for making a dif-
ference between these terms, yet many do so.
The distinction, homever, has not become an
eitablished vsage. and the words are so much
alike that it is very diSicult to remember
which in which.
healthy, a. 1. Referring to persons: sound
{now used chiefly in the predicate), hale

t^ Ctoa nftnmii: tx I
haTea: harber. rejugi.
liaTenaok; but/.
hafinc: pomiion.

har. n-lf^Str.

i,: endaugtr. ttnturt.
Ur}.

healable: cvrabli.

sane (rare, exc. gpec.),
avoukd by many), bj-

c. well, luaty, hearty.

Antoi^/nu: tee aiijnu, unhealthy.
9. See HEALTUPDL (TE/etrinn to things),

heap, V. I. I. pile, coacervate (rare); spec,
stack, cap (,dial. Eng.), cWip (tech.),
dess (Scot,), hill, huddle, mound.
■. See GIVE, BESTOW.
I. Referring to thai cm loAicft thiTigs are
heap&i: epee. overfill, pile, cumber.

baap, n, 1. sccumulaUon {conlexluiU), ca-
mulua (rare), ooacervation (rare); bjkc.
huddle, pile, entaasement (rare), unbrog-
Uo (rare), hill, mound, tumulus, moun-
tain, ruck, stack, cop (Eng.), barrow,
cairn, cache, bing, mow. haymow, rick,
hayrick, cock, haycock, haystack, dump,
kitchen-midden {archaology), clam.
S. See DEAL.

heaped, a. tumulary (rare), cumulate (con-
lezfuof), massed (contextual).

hear, v, t. 1. perceive (conlexliuil), listen,
hark (alleiUuiely; literary), list {archaic),
drink (used with "in"), catch, hearken
[poetic); spec, forebear (.rare), mishear,
overhear, receive.
S. See niscovEE. qhant, tbt.

bear, v. i. perceive; spec, listen, hark (chief-
ly as an imperatitie or interj., or literary or
poetic), hearken.

beard, a. auricular {learned).

hearer, n. auditor, audient (rare), listener;
spec, pittite.

hearlnc. n. 1. Referring to ilte foieuUy or
sense: audition (tech.), car (often spec.; in
sing. only).

t. Referring to the opportunity or prwUege
of being heard: audience.
S. See TRIAL.
4. sound, earshot, ear, range {contexlxud) .

bearee, n. 1- See orave.
I. Spec, catafalque.

hearae, f. I. enheATse or inbearse {rare);
spec, hvay, shroud.

heart, n. Spec. mind,BOul, reins {pi.; a Bilili-
ad use), spirit, feeling, coura^, tempera-
ment, center, essence, breast, meaning.

heart, a. pectoral {tech. or learned).

heartburn, n. I. cardialicia {tcd\.).

a. See HATRED, DISTBU9T.

heartfnl, a. deep, cordial {nmo rare or
teamed); spec. dear.
beartli, n. 1. fireplace, hearthstead (rare);

heartUr, adv. cordially, sincerely, inly.

heart-shaped, a. hearted, corddorm, cor-
date, cardioid; — mosUy lech, or learned.

heart wood, n. duramen (tech.).

hearty, a. I. cordial {chiefly spec.), sin-
cere; spec. deep.

3. strong, vigorous, robust; see healthy.
Antonyms: see aiunu.

beat, n. 1. caloric (archaic or lilerary),
caloricity {archaic or lilerary), fire (spec,
or fig.), fieriness (spec, or fig.); spec, hot-
nes3i fierceness, warmth, warmness, tor-
ridity, ferventness, fervidity or fervidness
or (more comnumly) fervor {literary), cal-

Antonyms: see cold.
9. See EXCITEMENT, AHDOR, KIT, ACHID-

beat, V. t. 1. calorify (rore), calify (rare or
obs.), fire (spec, or fig.), enchafe (archaic
and lilerary), hot (coUog, or iUilerale);
spec, bake, warm, inflame, bum, broil,
scorch, calcine, decrepitate, incandesce,
stove, superheat, mull.
Antonyms: see cool.

S. See EXCITE, INPLAUE.

beat, V. i. calorify (rare), warm (ekUjly

spec); spec, incandesce.
heated, a. 1. Spec, warm, fiery, broiling,

aiialing, burning, etc.; see hot.
Aidonyms: see cold.

I. See excited, angry.
heater, n. Spec, calefactory, pome, stove,

heathen, a. ethnic (lUerary); spec, gentile,

Eagan, infidel, unchristian, paganish,
eathenish, barbarous.
heathen, n. Spec, gentile, pagan, infidel,
paynim, gentoo.
Antonyms: see Chhistxan.
heathendom, n. heathenism, ethnicism
iUamed), heathenry, infidelity (rare),
heathenesse (archaic); spec, pagandom,
paganity (rare), gentiliam.
heather, n. ling (northern Erig.); gpee.
brier, briar, white heath,
heathery, a. heathy, lingv.
heatlnc, 1- calescent, i^orific, pynwenie
(rare), calefacient, calefactive or calefac-
tory (rare), calorifacient, incaleacenoe, —
aii, exe. "heating," learned or tech.
Antonyms; see coounq.
heatlnc, n. calefaction (rhetorical or leek.);

(rare),

■3.),

spec, hcarthston
9. See fireplac

E, niROE.

warmrag.
heaven, n. 1.

In a physical sense: aky (in

.^,

heutan: cheer, encouraiw. em-

heutleu: w/tding. emel. eold.
fasutruidliic: <li>lr«i>n0.
hurt-alDk: Irpr^-rd.
beBTtHna: •orrinrful.

bautitrlae*: frelina.
heartwIiDli: amiiat.
ht»tb; moor. Kratlter. {agOata.

I

il), cope (_lilerary), welkin (arctic
ditd.), sphere (poetic}; spec, canopy,
yrean, ny aline [ poetic), crystalline.
_. -le/errino to the abode a/ the bles
spec. Paraoiae {chiefly poetic), Zion IBib-
tuxU). Canaan {cMefiy devotiotuii); spec.
Asgard (Saindiruman religion), Elyaium
(Greek religion).
ATitonyma: see

1. See DEnr, h

iMaveiUliteii, n. heavenhood {rare), celes-
tiality (rare), cciestitude (humorous).
liMkTsiily, o. I. oelestiaJ, uranic (rare);
spec, ethereal, empyreal or empyrean.
Antonj/ms: see tehrsstbui^
9. diviae (conlexturU), celestial, supernal
(literary), heavealike; 8;pec. ethereal (pa-
elic), dfysiaa (Greek relit/ion), Paradisia-
cal, Paradiaiac, Paradisaic, Paradisaical,
Paradisial, Paradisian, Paradisic (rare),
Paradisical (rare), Olympian (Greek re-
ligion), Olympic (rare), angelic.
Antonyms: see iNFEHNiL, DBvrLlSB,

bsmTenward, a. 1. up, upwards, aloft, aky-

AnUmyme: see downwaud,
). Zionward (rare).
baavIneBi, n. I. weight, hoft (dial, or coU
loq,); spec, ponderousneaa, ponderosity.
S. See DEFRBsaioN, septh, dullness, etc.

beaTy, a. I. weighty, hefty (dial. Eng. and
coUaq. or dial. U. S.), sad (dioi., exc. in
comb, or in spec, utes, as "sadiron"),
leaden (Jig. and intensive); spec, ponder-

is, OPPBEsarvE,

DBPBHSStNQ, CLOGOY, LOl
STEEP, STRONQ.

Hebrew, a. Semitic, Jewish, Judaic, He-
braic, Israeltish, IsraeliUc.

Hebrew, n. Semite, Jew, Israelite, Israel
(coUedive pi.).

b.adK«> "■ *■ hedgerow, hay (archaic); spec.
bullfinch (£110. )i frith, quickset,
t. See BARitiBR.

hedfe, i>. t. evade, dodge, trim; spec tern-
ponte, straddle (coUoq,).

b^Cbt, n. 1. elevation, eminence (poelic or

archaic), highness (rare), celsitude (ra
chiefly jtg,); spec, altitude, head.

Ajtlonyms: see abybb, depth.
I. Referring to dtetancefTom the lop to bo
lorn: celsitude (humorously affected i
grandiose), tallness, loftiness; spec, aiti'
tude, stature.

Antonyms: see d
M. Qfa high place: elevation.
4. Referring to the greatest extent or degree
of something, as heal, feeHng.etc.: top, apex,
noon (flg.), culmination, climax, vertex,
pinnacle, pitch (rare), crown, meridian,
summit, acme, lenith; spec, heyday, heat,
stress, flush, ne plus ultra (Latin), sub-
limity (rare), sum, perfection, a

AntonyTns: see depth.
belKbten, n. I. elevate (by raising).
a. See e -■

beir, n. inheritor, heritor (rare), heiress
(fejn..), inheritress or inheritrix (fem.),
heritreas or heritrix or heretrix (fem.);
spec, representative, heir apparent, mas-
ter (Scot.), coheir, coheiress, coparcenci,
parcener.

heiiBhip, n. inheritance, heritancc (rnre);
spec, coparcenary, coparcenery, copar-
ceny, parcenary.

bell, n. I. Referring to the vlace of the de-
parted souls: spec. Sheol (Hehrew), Hades
(Greek), shades (Latin), underworld,
grave (with "the"; fig.), inferno (usually
taken in sense t, below), Elysium (Greek).
t. As Ihe place where tlie damned are lor-
mented: spec, abyss, inferno (note chiefly
in aUusion to Dante's "Inferno"), Tar-
tarus (tfreefc), Gehenna (Hebrew), pit (wilh
"the"; often called "the boll/imless pit"),
" ' (an erroneous use, chiefly by viay

AntonyiTiB: see a

>. .See DL9TREBB.

belm, n. tiller; — primarily the steering gear
as a whole.

helmet, n. headpiece, helm (arcAaie or po-
etic), casque (now only hist., jtoelie. or
French); spec, creat, skullcap, sal let,
salade, burgonet, basinet, morion,
haaume.

belmeted, a. 1. galeated (rare).
1. ZoiiL; spec, galeated.

helmet-ahaped, a. galeated; spec, casside-
cassidif orm ; — all three learned or lech.

halptnl, a. aiding (eonlextual); gpec.
Bistant, contributory, aidful (rare), fur-
theraome (chiefly Scot.), beneficial, com-
fortable, favorable, auxiliary, serviceable ;
see coOPEHATtvE.
AntonifmB: see hindebinq, rcinoits.

belplesa, a. silly (ardmic), unhelpful (rare),
impotent; spec, defenseless, naked, aban-
doned, blank, prostrate, resourcelesa,
ehiftless.
AnUmyma: ate inoenious.

hem, V. t. 1. sew (contextual), hemstitch;
apec. table (nauf.)-

1. See

niglobe (rare).

bsmtaphvre,

Bphere (rare).
hemp, n. Spec, bhang {India), hashish

hasbeesh, hards.
hempen, n. hemp (the noun used attribu-

lieely), hempy.
hen, n. bird (conlexiudt), fowl (cimlextunt),

biddy {coUoq.); spec, sitter, pullet, poii-

(rore), herefrom (rore)
ATitonyns: gee here.

). See THEREFORE.

herftldio, a. armonal.

heraldry, n. Spec, blazonry.

heibaceous, a. herbous (rare).

herbage, n. vegetation (ronlexttud), herb
(rare or poetic), verdure.

herbarium, n. hortus siccus (LaHn), her-
bary.

herbivorous, a. po§phagous (rare); spec.
granivorous, gramimvorous.

herbr, a. herbose; epee. grassy.

herd, n. 1. Spec, drove, troop, rout (rare),
pack, game (ofta. or rare); see flock.
I. See CHOWD.

herd, v. i. I. associate (eonJexfuoi); »pec.
pig, crowd.
9. drove (referring to the adionnf a drover).

herder, n. herdsman (the usual term for a
male herder), herd (chiefly in eamposilion);
gpec. ranchero (U. S.), gooseherd, shep-
herd, sbepherdess, paaturer (rare), pastor
(rare), paatoress (rare), pastoral (rore),
herdess (rare), herdboy, cowboy (f. S.
and colonial Bng,), goatherd, cowherd,
hayward, neatherd, vaquero (Western
U. S.).

here, adv. 1. hither (literary or a^ected),
hitherward or hitherwarda (archaic).
AnUmyms: see hence.
>. See NOW.

hereafter, adv. henceforth, henceforward.

AnUmyms; see now.
hereditament, n. 1. heritage (cMelly
spec), patrimony, heritance, Dirthrignt,
inheritance; spec, heirloom.

hereditary, a. I. inheritable, heritable,
trans missible, descendant or descendent,
descensivG (rare); spec, transmis^ble, pa-
trimoaial.

B. Referring to disease, Iraili, etc.: herit> i
able, transmissiblo.
heredity, n. transmisiiion ; s;«c, telegony.
heieiy, n. unbeUef, heterodoxy, dissenting,
recusancy; spec. Lollardiam, LoUardry,
LoUardy.
Antonyms: see- OHTHODOXT.
heretic, 71. unbeliever, heterodox (rare),
recusant, dissenter; spec. Lollard, infidel.
ATitonyme: see belie vxR.
herettoBl, a. unbelieving, heterodox, dis-
senting (chiefly spec), recusant.
Aninnyms: see obthodox.
hermaphrodite, a. bisexual; spec, ^nui-
drous, androgynic, androgynous.
hermit, n. rcduse, solitaire (rare), solitary,
anchoret, anchoress (Jan.), bermitesa
(fem.); spec, eremite, Guillemen (hilA.),
ascetic, Hieronymite, marabout.
hernia, a. rupture (less lech, than hernia),
ramcx (obs.); spec, epiplocele, exompha-
los, bubonocele.
hero, n. I. >VeeDEMiaoD,
S. heroine (Jem.), protagonist (lUemiry);
spec, lion, p^adin.
herrinKiiite, a. harengiform (rare).
herself, pron. her (now poetic or dial.).
hesitate, v. i. I. stop, pause, scruple (cUe/-
ty spec); spec, halt, stand, falter, waver,
stickle, stick, doubt, crane (eoUoq., Eng.),
trifle, boggle, demur, shrink, ahilly'
shally.
AnUmyms: see continue.
3. See FALTER.
healtstlnE, a. undecided (ctmtexlval),
doubtful (contextual), indecisive, heaitant,
hesitative, hesitatoo' (rare); tpec. sus-
pensive (rare), faltering, scrupling, falter-

Anlonj/ms: see assdred, doquatic, ceb-

hedttitlon, n. 1. doubting, doubt, uncer-
tainty, indecision ; — the four being context-
ual senses; spec. stop, stick, stickle, hoggie,
scruple, stand, shrink, falter.
B. Seer.

HILL

heterogeneous, a. diverse, imhomogene-
ous {rare) J diversified, miscellaneous,
mixed; spec, omnigenous, hybrid or {rare)
hybridous, indiscriminate.

Antonyms: see homogeneous. ^
hezahedral, a. Spec, cubic, cubical, cubi-
form, cuboid, cuboidal.
hiatus, n. gap {contextual); spec, lacuna

{tech.)y blank.
hiccup, n. hick {rare); spec, {as the name of
the ailment) hiccups {often construed as a
sing.), singultus {tech.).
hidden, a. 1. Referring to physical things:
hid {chiefly predicative), concealed, cov-
ered, covert {obsolescent), secreted, secret
{chiefly archaic or poetic, exc. spec), dern
{archaic or Scot.); spec, close, cloaked,
masked, screened, ensconced, planted
{cant), enshrouded, obscure, obscured,
occult {rare), latent {rare), latitant {rare),
recondite {rare), undiscovered, clouded,
cloudy, suppressed, veiled, blotted, shad-
owed, shrouded, overlaid, stored, obum-
brate {tech.), dark, blind, disguised, lurk-
ing, snug.

Arvtonyms: see apparent.
9. Referring to things seen {perceived) by
the mind: hid {chiefly predicative), inward,
concealed; spec, covered, screened,
shrouded, obscured, disguised, mysteri-
ous, mystic or mystical, oracular, occult,
esoteric, covert, latent, secret, clandes-
tine, cryptic, surreptitious, underhand or
underhanded, sly, bUnd, illegible, unin-
telligible, insidious, lurking, private,
fraudulent, unknown, unaclSiowledged,
unavowed, etc.

Antonyms: see apparent, clear, un-
concealed.

hide, V. t. 1. Referring to physical objects:
conceal, cover; spec, mask, cloak, bemask
{rare), stow, screen, bescreen. secrete,
ensconce, plant, shroud or ensnroud {Wr
erary), den {chiefly reflexive), obscure, oc-
cult {rare)y disguise, protect, bury, cloud,
becloud, earth, suppress, veil, embosom,
bushel {rare), blot, burrow, shadow,
eclipse, overlay, store.

Antonyms: see disclose, expose, in-
dicate, SHOW.

8. Referring to things seen by the mind:
spec, bury, hoard, gloze^ eclipse, sweeten,
repress, smother, omit, cavern, den,
earth {poetic, rhetorical, or cant). See also
definition, 1, above.

Antonyms: «ee indicate, advertize, an-
nounce, proclaim, confess, disclose,

EXPOSE.

hiding, n. concealment, cover, celation
{rare; chiefly spec.); spec, disguise, occult-
ation {rare or chiefly CLstron.), eclipse, cov-
erture, latitation {rare).
Antonyms: see disclosure, indication,

SHOW.

high, a. 1. elevated, lofty {often rhetorical
or poetic), eminent {poetic or archaic);
spec, towering, mountained {poetic),
aerial, soaring.

AnUmyms: see low.

8. Referring to distance from top to bottom:
lofty {often rhetorical or poetic), tall.

Ardonyms: see low.

S. Referring to a price: fancy, stiff {slang);
spec, costly.

4. Referring to sounds: high-pitched,
high-toned, acute {chiefly music and pho-
netics); spec, shrill, sharp, piercing,
cracked, creaking, intense, forceiul, rank.

Antonyms: se^ low.

5. See ARBITRARY, ARROGANT, EXTREME,
STRONG, EXALTED, ANGRY, NORTHERN,
SOUTHERN, LATE, ANCIENT, LOUD, IM-
PORTANT, ABSTRUSE, PLEASED.

higher, a. upper, superior, supernal {liter-
ary).
Antonyms: see lower.

highest, a. 1. Referring to place: upper-
most, supreme {rare), top, summit.
Antonyms: see lowest.
8. Referring to degree, rank, etc.: supreme,
superlative, utmost, crowning, consum-
mating.
Antonyms: see lowest.

highest, n. Spec, meridian, maximum,
zenith.

highlander, n. Spec, hillsman, mountain-
eer, tartan.

high priest, pontiff {literary or rhetor-
ical); spec, pope {Roman Catholic), proto-
papas or protopope {Greek Church).

hill, n. 1. elevation, ascent, rise, rising; spec.
monadnock {chiefly U.S.). knoll, mllock,
mound, knob {chiefly U. S.)^ know {Scot.),
highland, dune, down, hummock, holt,
monticule, mount {poetic or archaic),
mountain, butte {western U. S.), drum
{local or geol.), swell, ridge, kop {South
Africa), kopje {South Africa), drumlin,
steep, hilltop, hillside, Alpine, Himalayan.
Antonyms: see hollow, valley, plain.

tW Cross references: see Note.
het«rodozy, a.: heresy.
heterogeneity: diversity, dif-
ference.

hew: chop, fell.
heyday: height, prime.
hibernate: winter.
hide* n.: skin.

hidebound: narrow.
hideous: ugly, horrible, ahom'

inable.
hie: go.

hieratic: priestly.
high-flown: bombaftie.
high-handed: arbitrary, tnll-

fid, domineering.

highland: plateau, hUl, mounf
tain. [wU, refined,

hlgh-ndnded: arrogant, ejnrit-

hlgh-prloed: costly.

high-sounding: pretentious
bombaetie.

high-spirited: avirited.

high-strung: tptrited.

fW See Notes of Explanation.

221

IL iSwHEAP.

It, a. rising ((wUezfuoi); sj'ec. knolly,
lush, hiUocky, mountainous, moim-
tainy {rare oredloq.).
Antonj/ms: tee plain.
hind, a. hinder (in reference to fu»), pos-
terior, rear, rearward (rare), postjacent
{rare), posterial (rare); apce. posticous,
hindiaost, after, behind.
Antonyms: set fore,
hlndai, V. 1. 1, delay, retard, impede {prop-
erlg tpec.); spec, embarrass, restrain, ob-
stniot, clog, encumber or cumber, diswar-
a|^, belate, hamper, bar, check, counteract.

Antonyma: see expedite.
t. See PREVENT.
UoderlnCi "■ '- delaying, impedimental,
impeditive (rare); spec. obstructivL', cum-
bering, ciimbersome, elc.
Anlonyms: see heufui, cONTKiBUTOtty,
t. Smprbventive.
Uodaimo*!, a. last, back, hindmost.
bindranoe,n.hinderaDce(rare), hindering,
let (archaic}, remora (mre), delay, delayal
(rare), retardation, impediment (properly

K;.); «pec. embarrassment, obatruction,
truotive, curabrance, encumberment,
encumbrance, incumbrance, diacourage-
ment, cramp, debarrent (rare), clog, draw-
back, hamper, hampering, counteraction,
check, difficulty, contrariety, bar,balk, dis-
advantage, impedance (elec.), shoe, brake.

ArUonj/ms: see
Hindu, n. Indian, gentile (rare) or sen too;
gpec. Mohratta (man), Mahrattt, Hindu-

Unie, n. 1. joint (amlextutd); spec, butt.

ne aide only: thigh.
e nnt proper syito-
"* IS syitonymmi "

>. See CENTER, CRISIS.
Upi n. !• ReferHng la i

"Thigh" and "hip" a

nj/ma, Imt are often uai . _

I, Referring to both sides taken together:

haunch (chiefly spec), coxa (tech.; rare);

spec. rump.
hlpiO. ischiadic, ischial, sciatic, ischiatic; —

ohtech./'sciatic" being the more uazuU term.
hlppad, a. hijwhot.
hlra, 0. t. t. get, engage, employ, buy (Jiff,);

spec, fee, bribe, ship, job, hack, charter,

teitse, "Hire" emphiMiies the idea of the

payment to be made.
Antonyms: see buy, discharqb.

I. See LET (a vae of "hire" riol recognised

aagoodiiaage).

1 * '

Ura, n.

wage, . . — . , _..^..._ .

choic, cue. Scot.), bribe, freight. "Hire" a*
a noun is now chiefly archaic.

hired, a. mercenary (noia spec.), paid;
spec, hackney.

hireling, n. mercenary (now spee.); spec
myrmidoD.

ht«>, V. i. Spec, iuss, Gzile, siffle, hiii (rare),
sibilate, sisB (dial, and col., U. S.), aixile,
siiz (chiefly U. S.), goose (theat. cant), spit.

bit*, n. Spec, fizi, fizzle, siss (dial. Eng.
andcoUoq., U, S.), sizzle, sibilation. siffle
(rare), spit. '

hladac, a. sibilant, sibiloua (rare). I

hlatoTlBn, n. historiaster (t>t contempt); I
spec, memorialist, biographer, logoff ^
rapher (Greek anliq.). chronicler, histon-
ograpber.

hiitoElo, hlitorioBl, a. Spec, authentic.
"ffistnrie" is chiefly used of what consti-
tutes history; "historical," of mhal relates
to history. J

blitorioUe, c. t. record (contaiaal), hi*- |
torize (rare), historify (rare); spec, ode- 1
brate. "Historieize" israre. '

hlatory, n. I. See nahhativb.
1. account (conterfual), record, story;
spec, memorials, memoirs, historiette,
anecdote, commentary, chronicle, biog-
raphy, autobiography, career, genealogy,
prehistory.
S. hiatonology.

hiitrtonloi, n. jA. theatricds.

hoard, V. t. hide (contextual), accumulate
[contextual) , store, save ; spee, miser
(rore), treasure (chiefly with "up").

hoard, R. accumulation (conlexttud), Btor&
savings (chiefly spec.); spec, treasure (q/-
lenfig.).

hoard, n. fence : spec, billboard.

hoarse, a. I. tnroaty, thick, husl^; apee.
roupy, croaking.

AjUonyms: see clear.
a. See harsh.

boaz, n. deception (eonterfuol), quiz (now
obsoUscen'.), num (slang or colioq.). hum-
bug (rore; now chiefly spec.), cod (s&iTijr),
gammon (sUtng or coltoq.), string (slang),
sell (coUoq.), trick, take-in; spec, canard.

see), sell (cnHnq.), gammon (enBaq.), hum
{«/aiiff or collotf.), string (slang); spec, ri
josh (slang), jolly, gag (cant or slang), k
(slang).

I

houy; grau. M. frntii.

lu Note* at Eiplanatlim.

HOLT SPIRIT

|i«D4ikB7,n. bandy or b&ndy ball (rarc),Ehin-
Jay; spec, hurley, polo,

Itod, B. S/ttc. biMss (a iilaaterET't lerm),

boo, n. sarcle (a LcUiniam); spec. eculBer,
Bcuffle, hacker,

luM, V. t. cultivate {eontextuaTj; spec, weed,
scuffle.

bolat,n. 1. See raise; — ref erring io Out act.
S. elevator [which see); spec, crane, gin,
eheara, derrick, teagle, sling, whip.

hold, V. t. 1. keep, retain; spec, grasp,
clasp, gripj pin, gripe, clip (rare or ar-
chaic), pinion, clutch, emorace, faat«n,
fix, lock, cramp, catch, eeise, bite, atay.
S. Referring to a meeting: conduct.
•. contain, receive; spec, carry, accom-
EQodat*, stow.
i. See n
occopy,

¥

CARRT, CHECK, DECIDE.

bold, V. i. Spec, cling, clea
one's post), adhere (as to c
fasten.

W

clutcn, purchase, embrace, ,

holdfast, control, possession, setzure,

S. Referring to the thing that luilda: spec.

Uxk, mortise, clutches (pi.), grip, cinch.

4. Referring to a thing thai one may hold
to: holdfast; sjiec. nail, lodgment, foot-
hold, horn, rootmg.

bolder, n. 1. holding; spec, handle, chuck,
portrcrayon, holdfast, container, case, tarf .
■• See POSSESSOR, owner.

boldiait, n. hold, holder; gpec. tentacle,
mioker, disk.

boldtnt, n. property (conlextual), tene-
ment, tenantry, tenancy; spec. feu.

hole, n. Spec, void, cavity, perforation,
hollow, fenestra {anat.), crat^, slot, cell,
cranny, chamber^ interstice, eye, pore,
porosity, depression, eyelet, mesh, bore,
bye, concave, cave, pit, den, chasm, abyss,

Sjiilf, leak, vug, box, mortise, sinus [anat.),
imber inaul.), dcnebole {archaology),
well, finger, burrow,
Atiion^ms: see projection.
'hol*7, a. holy {rare or dial, variant); spec.
pilty, cuppy, crannied, chinky, porous,
charoberca, etc.
holiday, n. 1. See VEsnrAi.,

I. Spec, playday, playtime, vacation.
hoUday, a. festal, ferial (rare).

taoUasBB, a. 1. sanctity (learned), sanoti-
tude (rare), sanctapimity (rare), sinleas-
ness, perfection, saintlincss, sanctimony,
hallo vredness, consecration, sanctification.

Cf. HOLY.

t. hullowedneas {e^. hali/>we&).

hollo, V. 1, hollow {rare or obs.), holla (fare
or obs.), hello {by many considered undig-
nified; a form which arose about 1880),
hallo, halloo (esp. used as a haTiHng term
or of shouting U) eaU attention), naUoa
{rare); spec, soho,

boUow, a. I. Spec, cavernous, cavemu-
lous, cavitary {rare), cellular, porous, con-
cave, cuppy, holey, empty, dimply.
Antonyms: see convex, peotuberaht,

PROJECTINO.

S. Referring la a sound: reverberated,
empty, sepulchral, deep, muffled.
Anton^pne: see sOlJi>.

bollow, n. depression {cantexlual), hole,
concave, hollowness (rare), incavation
(rare); spec, dish, sinus, bosom, cove, cup,
pocket, dimple, sag, dip, cupule, delve
{lilerary), basin, pan, bowl, sink {U. S.),
scoop, excavation, punty or ponty, punt,
kick, arch, trou^, vola, vallev, conch,
conceptacle, countersink, indentation,
acrobicule, pit.
AnlonymB: gee p

hollow, K, I. excavate, concave; spec, dish,
gull {lech, or dial.), recess, slot, pit, cham-
ber, scoop, tunnel, cup, cave (rare), cav-

Antonyms: see EUBOss,
hollow -backed, a. Referring to a horse:
sway-backed.
hollowed, a. inoavato {rare), depressed;
spec, cupped, chambered, etc.
Anlmiyms: see protdbbbant.
hoUowneea, n. 1. 0/ the stale: cavity, con-
cavity, depression, emptiness; spec, cellu-
losity, porosity, aimkenneas, cuppiness, etc.

a. See EMPTJNEB9. INSINCEEITY, FALSITV,

holly, n. hoUin or noUen {archaic or dial.),
Christmas {^.); spec, yapon, toyon.

holy, a. 1. sinless; spec, saintly, sainted,
hallowed, blessed or blest, sanctified
{rare), consecrated.
Antonyms: see sinpuu

I. See HALLOH-BD, DEVOOT.

holy spirit. Paraclete, Comforter {aUuding
to John xiv: IB), Third Person {theol.).
Dove (fig.).

k hobby: hnTK. fad.
hobbylih: faddali.
hobffoblln: baoy.

bob&Db: drink

-lolty, n„- fiM^
'toUy: friuiliniM. havffntjt,

■e Note* of EipLuuttlDiu

holocrmph: aulographie.
bolaphrBitlo: cimciK.
boly: hatu-

homage, n. Spec, oourt, devotion, cult
(formal or liieraTy).

home, a. I. Spec, family, domestic, home-
ward, homing.

>. See INTIMATE.

bam«-bted, a. plain, rude;

homel*!*, a. Spec, outcast, harborleas

larehaie or lilerary), houseless.
homelike, a. homish [le»s dignified than

homelike), homely (archaic), homy or

homey (coUoq.); apee. intimate, simpit

plain, unpretending,
Anlonymi: see conventionai,, stifb',

homely, a, I. See ikimebtjc, bimplb,

PRETENTIOUa, T7NCULTIVATED.

1. plain, ill-favored; spec, unpretty,

personable (rare), unlovely, feoturelesa
(rare), uncomely (rare), coarse, ugly,
homespun.
Antonyms: see oooi>-looici!JG.

homamaide, a. Spec, homespun.

homlolilal, a. murderous; spec, bloody,
patricidal, mAtricidal, ele.

homicide, n. 1. murder (obs. or hist., exc.
spec.), manslaughter (chiejly spec.); spec.
matricide, parricide, patricide, regicide,
sororicide, fratricide, suicide.
S. manqueller (archaic), manslatighterer
(ehiefiy spec.), murderer (obs. or kiet., exc.
spec/}: spec, parricide, pfttricide, matri-
cide, sororicide, fratricide, suicide, regi-
cide.

homoxeneouB, a. alike (eontexlual; post'
posilii'e), uniform, like; spec, same, aim-
Uar, congruous, consubstantial (learned
or lech,), uaigenous (rare).
Antonyms: see heterocbneous.

hooest, a. good, moral; spec, just, right-
eous, eqnare, sound, direct, frank, up-
right, conscientious, sincere, genuine,
pure, virtuous, uncorrupted, incorruptible.
Antonyms: see dibhonest.

honesty, n. goodness, probity, morality;
spec, justness, justice, righteousness, up-
nghtness, virtue, purity, etc.
Antonyms: see dibhonestt.

hotter, n. !• nectar (poetic or fig.).
S. See SWEETNESS, lovablbness, dear,

honey, a. melleous (rare), mellugiuous
(rare), mellic (rore).

honey -bearlnc, a. melliferous (rare).

honor, n, 1. See DiQNtrr, fame, con-

TTTB, CHA8TITY,

S. ReSerring to what does one credil:

credit, ornament; sjiec. distinction, crown,
glory.
Antonyms: see discredit.
■. Referring to what is b^tovicd in ordm to
honor: spec, ornament, title, distinclJon,
dignity, decoration, compliment, worship,

honor, v. I. 1. dignify (eontextwU); spec.
adore, worship, idohze, idolatrize, grace,
hallow, credit, decorate, compliment.
A ntonyms:

spec, worshipful, admirable, famous, i_
teemed, respected, noble, elevat^, repu-
table.

honotlac, n. dignificatjon (coTifexhuif);
s^. worship, idolization, hallowing, cred-
iting, decoration, compliment.

hood, n. I. The garment far the head and
neck: spec, capuche, capuchin, calash
(hint.), coif, cowl, trotcoKy (Scot.).
2. Any of various contrivances: spec, can-
opy, cSiimneypot, cahish, blower.

hooded, a. cucullate (lech.).

hoodoft, n. 1. curse.
t. Of what brings bad luck: spec. ceniuB
(used with "bad"), jinx (slano), Jonah
(fig.; epilog.).
Antonyms: see charm.

hood-ihaped, a, cucullate (techi)

hoot, n. ungula (leeh.); spec, doot (Scot.
and dial. Bng.), dewclaw, coffin.

hook, n. 1. iSpec. uncus (tech.), hamua
(tech.), uncinus (tech.), gaff, cleek (Scot.),
buttonhook, fishhook, slingdog, dog,
agraffe, crotchet, tug, strike, clasp, clamp.

9. See HEAD1.AND,

hook, D. t. Spec, strike (to hook a fish).

hook-beaked, a. uncirostrate, hamiros-
trute; — both tech.

hooked, a. 1. See HOOK-aiiAPED.
I. Prmri-icd vyith a hook or hooks; hamose
or hamouB (both rare), hamate or (rare)
hamaled (tech.), hamular (iecft.), hamu-
late or hamulose (both rare).

hook-ahaped, a. hooked, hooklike, imd-
neAe {learned or tech.), unciform (leornedor
lech.), uncinal (learned or tech.), ancistroid
(tech.): spec, unciform,

hoopsktrt, n, skirt (contextual), hoop (col-
fog.); spec, crinoline, farthingale.

lI001«: abode, goal.
homaapniiT homemade, eo

hom^tl. artitat.
hoDutlof at*: confirm.
homolDvlie; corrrtpond.

boot«d: nfiffulaie.

tS' See NotM n

L triist, belief,

AJih>ny7ns: see fbab', also cf. hopeless,
~ opei V. t. <£ i. desire icontexlujU), expect,
uiticipat«i spec, trust.
ATitoni/mB: gee dbbpond.
'' hopelnl, a. expectant, antictpati

ticipalory; spec, eanguine. rosy, roseate,
tond, BBJiguineoua ' ■' '" ' "'

melioristic.
Antonyms: eee apphehenbivb, bopkle8s.
liop«leii, a. 1. depressed (contextual), im-
hopeful (rare); spec, abject, despondent,
diaconsolate, despairiag, despairful, des-
penite, forl<
AnUmyms:
■. Referritifi to thinf/s: spec, abandoned,
desperate, irredeemable, nretrievabte, in-
curable.
hopflleitneai. n. Spec, despondence, de-
spair, desperation, etc.
borlson, n, circle (conlexlwii), sky line,
verge (rare).
borisontal, a. flat, even (rare, exc. apec.),

Antont^ms: see v&bticai..

bortsantal, n. flat, level.

burn, n. 1. Spec, antler, Hpflce, branch,
daA, broach, cornicle.
•. Re/errina to vHnd inslrumenls; spec.
saxhorn, si thorn, saxophone, saxtuba,
bugle, conch, comet, comet-fl-pistons
(French), krummhorn, etc.
S. Spec, cornucopia, crest, end, alterna-
tive, comer, beak.
4. keratin.

Itotned,a. I. coniizerous(fecA.), cornuateor
COmut«d (iiterarj/); «pcc. creseen^shaped,
t. See cncKOLDBD.

horolai*, a. Referring lo calUe or sheep,
tie.; spec, muley, hummel or huinbIe(iScoe.),
dodded {dial. Eng,), polled, pollard.

bont-iliaped, a. cornifonn (leaTTieii),

honiy, a. corneous (tech.); spec, hornish,
comified, keratose (lech.).

hocoloflit, n. Spec, clockmaker, horolo-
ger, watchmaker.

boioaoupe, n. ascendant, nativity, geni-
ture (rare).

hoiosoopUt, n. gcncthliac (rare).

horilble, a. I. alarming (which see), horri-
fying, horrific (bookish), horrid (now rare
in this seme), shocking, hideous (r

IT rhetorical),
:8 used of any
lul (formerly
p.), dobbin,

^^» jMnMo! Ac

honlry: /nVAlen. ibom.

hart&tlim,

t'ullitude

Spec,), horrendous (rare); spec. Gotgonian
(fia.), horrisonoua.
Antonipns: eee ABSnK
3. In weakened sense:

RA.OEODS, UOKSTttOUB,

hoiBB, n, I. steed (l-Uerary
spec, pad, prancer (cant or,
horse, slang), caple or ce
chiefly poetical; now dial. J _

courser (rhelorical) , charger, bidet (tiier-
ary), hobby {archaic or historical), cock-
tail or curtal, Bucephalus (fi^.; poetic
rhetoricai), weed (dang or cant), sere ,
neigher (rare), crock, prad (slang), geegee
(coUog.), ponv, barb, daisy-cutter (cant),
cob, stepper (coUoq. or flang), clipper, jade
(coTttemptuoTis), hack, rip (slang or coiloq.),
skate (slang), plug (colloq. or slang), pinto
(Western U. S.), mustajig (U. S.), nag,
mount, remount, rouncy (orcAotc), runt,
jennet or genet, roadster, naggy, atallion,
mare, colt, foal, filly, gelding, pot (cant),
plater (conl), palfrey, PegasuB, punch,
kj'ang, Percheron, hunter, thoroughbred,

Sgster (rare), hackney, chcker, saddler
aUoo,, U. S.), HamlDlctonian, Waler
(Anglo-Indian), Galloway, dravhorsp-
Ilouyhohnm, galloper, dweller, balki ,
filler, rosinante, roarer, whistler, Uiriller,
wheeler, leader, rogue, Turk, Arab, tar-

Ean, tit (oh». or rare), trotter, pacer, am-
ler, runner, rider, roan, chestnut, sorrel,
gray, bay, black, ginger, grizzle, stalking-
horse, dim, cayuse, ass. mule, hinny, ze-
bra. The term "horse" is specifically used
of an adidi gelded male as distingMished
from, a "slallton," "mare," or "coU."
1. As a cnUeclive pt.: cavalry.
■. Spec, clamp, jack, hobbyhorse, clothes-
horse, sawhorse.

horac, V. I. mount; spec, remount.

horseman, n. rider, pricker (archaic);
spec, cavalryman, chevalier (hist, or ar-
chaic), knight (hist.), hussar, gaucho, yeo-
man (Eng?), dymilance, jockey.

hotsemaoahlp. n, manage or manage
(French); spec, equitation.

horses, n. pt. horseflesh (a eoUectiee).

hoBpital, n. infirmary {chiefly spec.); spec.
fermary (o6». or hist.), cockpit, lazaretto or
lazaret, pesthouse. valetudinarium, sani-
tarium or sanatorium.

hQSpitftiit]', n, xenodochy (rare), cordial-
ity {coniexlwil).

hart&tlim, n,.^ aJiarvitvm.
hortmtln, a.: Bxhortatorj/, <

hoipttablfl, a,.~ arrdial.

holt; tacnfice, dtment, tnJtr-

hastaie: pledge.
hotttl: inn,
Juwtelrr: tnn.
luut«u, n..- landlady.
boltll«,a,.' un/n'cRdlH, appsHd.

boltlUtr: un/nendHTnai, oppo-

I^ See NDt» at Eiplui&Uoii.

225

but, a. 1. heated (oontextuaD, ardent (tiler-
ary), torrid, fervid {.literary)- fervent (liter-
ary); spec, parchina, roafiting, iiieaniiescent
or candent, 6ery, flaming, boiling, sweltry.
Antonyms: see coiJ>.

>. See EAQES, ANGRY, ARDENT, EXCITED,

hothekd. n. madbrain, hotspur.

lionnd.n. I. doK(cOTifai(uai); spec, beagli,
dachflhund, talbot, limer (ardtaic), leaeh
hound, bloodhound, kibble, great Dane.

hour, n. 1. beil {naul.), ghurry {Anglo-

indian).

X time (amUxtual); spec, prime (ecd.).

matin («d.), laud {ecd.), complin (eed.),

veapera (pi.; ecd.).
honrlri o. I. horal (rare), horary (rare).

%. See CONSTANT, FRBgnBNT.

bonae, n. I. building (cotUexluai), dwell-
ina; (contexluai); spec, court, cottage, cot
((Aiejly pontic), hovel, bungalow, shack,
chAteau, hutch, ahanty, hut, dome (po-
etia or rhelorical), bam (fi^.), barrack, bai^
racoon, kennel, shed (poetic), rabbitry,
cabin, ranch (U. S.), rancho (Spanish),
box, lodge, gatehouse, humpy (Auslralia),
crib (Ihiaica' sloTig), cruive (Scot,), croo
(Scot, and Irish), sty.

•. See ABODE, TEMPLE, I.A1B, THEATER,
CHURCH, FIRM, ASSEMBLY, FAMILY.

honae, a. domal (rare).

taoua, V. t. shelter (conlextv/d); spec, booth
(rore), cofe, barrack, roof (rare), hive,
hut, temple, palace (rore), impalace (rare),
kennel, hovel (rare).

houi«kecp«r,n. iSpee. matron, hoiiBewife.

houiekesplnEi ». manage (French) or
menage (chiejiy spec.), houaeholdry (rare);
spec, housewifery, notability (obsoletcent).

taousawife, n. wife (archaic); spec, cot-
quean (a/ a laborer; obs.).

ululation (leara&i), yowl.

taoydeu. n. girl (cimtextufd), romp, torn-
boy (coUoq,),

hub. n. 1. nave, block.

t. See CENTER.

hue. n. cast (obsoUsc), lone (more technical
than "hue' ), blee (archaic); spec, com-
plexion.

faoU, n. I, pericarp (tech.): spec huak,
^ume, chaff (a coUedife), bran (a cotko-
tive), shell, pod, rind, bur or burr, skin,
shuck, bark, shale (archaic or rare),
flight, palea, lodicule. bract, ncale. calyx,
legume, silique, peel, capaule, glumdie
(rare), atone, putamen.
8. See BODY.

bull. V. {. strip (contextual); spec, pod,
shell, husk, ahuck, decorticate, peel.

bum, n. Spec, croon, bum (ehiefiy dird,),
bumble, burr, murmur, thrum, Eiombina-
tion (rare), boom, buzz, whiz, drone, bom-
bus (med.).

hum, V. i. I. Spec, croon, bum (chiefly
diai,), burr, thrum, bombinate (rare),
b<jmbilate (rare), boom, buzz, whia,

a. SeeaiNG.

buman, a. Spec, hominal (not. hist.),
hominine (rare), humanistic, earth-bom.
(contextual), mortal, humane.
Antonyms: see soPERHtruAN iNHmuN,

I

human, n. earthling (rare; contextual),
clod (depreciative); spec. Christian, man,
woman, child, boy, girl.
Antonyms: see deity, animal.

bumbla, o. I. lowly (now somewhat archaie j
or rhetorical), low (rare, exc. spec); spec
low-bom, poor, undistinguished, meek, ,
inglorious, unambitioua, unescutcheoned
(rore), obscure.
Antonyms: see PROUD, f!AnoHTT| fbe}-

TENTIOD8. ARROGANT, CONCEITED.

». See LOWLY.
bumllitr, 71. abH.>iement, humblenees;

spec, submissive ncss.
Antonyms: see pride.
hnmoz, n. I. Referring In the Jour bodUp

fluids oj the old phydology: spec, blood,

phlegm, choler, melancholy.

s. mood, cue; "

iHr^rad.

bcTal: ihid. hovi
honr, r. ,.:av,
hOTR, n.: Pxajd.

«■. of md.

■?* S« Nolai of Eipluutlon.

I At

biiinoiist,». iSpec. joker, jester, wag, wit.
humpback, n. hunchback.
humpbAclied, a. humpback, cy photic
(Uxh.), bow-backed {Tare), hunched, gib-
boua (chiefly spec.).

ipsd, a. hunchy libbouB {chiefly
,); spec, humpbacked.
Ired, n. century, centred {hist.), cen-
trev or centret {Wdah; hist.).
liiiiiBer< n. !■ desire (conttxtual) , appetite,
hiingriness. emptiness (fig.); spec, vorac-
ity, polyphagift (meJ.), eaurience {Aumor-
otuly p^Uxntic), famine, bulimia (med.),
greed.
AntonymJi; see suRmir.
«, SeeoBEED,
hunter, u. i. Spec, famish. Starve.

AnUmifmt: jite surfeit.
tiuiiciy> n. 1- hungered (orctetc), abuo-

Sred or anhungerec! (rare; archaic); spec,
rashed, starved, edacious (now chiefly
kutnofoxis)^ lickerish, lickerous (obs.), voror-
oious, esurient (now humorously pidantic),
Z lyp''*?'*''* (Tned.), greedy, ravenous,
:«npty. insatiate, nvlil, sharp-set (rare),
peckisn (coUoj,), dinnerless, suppcrlesa,
lit.
AnUmymt: ate svrfeitbo.

fannt. V. 1. 1. ^ofie; spec, still-hunt, stalk,
run, trail, track, trap, hound.
1. See DRIVE, FOLLOW, seek, sbarcu,

PUHSCB.

hunt, V. t. I. Spec, shoot, poach, stalk,
forage, hawk, jack, trap, snore, kangaroo,
wolf7 grouse, ferret.

S. See SEABCR, SEEK.

bnnt, n. 1. Spec, chase, drag, stalk, stiil-

1. See GAME, SEARCH.

huDtar, n. huntsman (male; a more formal
word Ihan "hunler"), huntress (female),
hunlswoman (female; rare), nimrod (fig.),
Endymion (Jifl.), jager or jaeger {German
or Swiss); spec, stalker, shikari (Anglo-
Indian), gunner, forager, trapper, poach-
er, boarhiinter, piiplicker, jackar, doer-
stalker, ferreter. falconer.

a sense implying the feeling of
'I, hut not neceuarily TestiUanl speed:

Antonyms: aeeojMB.

huntliiKi a. venatorial {.rare), veoatic or
venatical (rare), venary [rore); spec, oy-
negetic (rare).

hunUnf, ti. venerv, venation (literary):
spec, chase, pigsticking, rabbiting, hawk-
ing, falconiy, etc.

S. In I
urgertrVib
drive, whip (fig.).
Antonyms: see delay, laq.

huabaiid, n. spouse {formal), goodman
{Sent, or archaic), man (iScoI, or dial.),
lord (poetic, jocular, or ironical), hubby
{familiar and coUoq.); spec, benedict,
bridegroom.
Antonyms: tee wife, celibate.

tauah, interj. Silence) [more emphatic or
formal Ihart "husk'"), mum! whistl

liuiBy, n. woman (contextual), girl (eon-
teituai), jade (sometimes playful), Ummer
(Swrf.), minx {often playful).

but, n. I. house {contextual); sfiec. wicki-
up, yurt, mitt-mia (Austrabau). hutment.

hybrid, n. crossbreed (chiefly spec), mon-
grel (chiefly spec; a disparaging term),
cross; spec, outcross, lurcher, bigener
(hot.; rare), mameluco (South America).
mulatto, quadroon, oclaroon, half-breed,
halt-blood, halt-caste (East India] mule,
mestee or muat«e {West Indies), meatizo
(Spanish America and Philippine /»^
anils), quintoon, t«rceroon, mustaSna,
mustafino {Spanish American), Creole.

hybrid, a. crossed, cross (rore), mixed-
breed, crossbred (chiefly spec); spec.
monttrel, Kraded, half -blood, half-blooded,
halt-breed.
AnUmyTns: see fdll-blooded.

bygteae, n. soteriology (rare), hygiastica
(rare), hygienics {rare), hygiology (rare).

hrmn, n. hyranic (rare); spec, psalm, can-
ticle, psan, choral, sanctus, tnumph, tro-
parioD, hymeneal, sequence, prose, hallel,
recessional, processional, magnificat, laud,
Exultet, Gloria, prosodion, dithyramb or
dithyrambic, mantra, Orphic.

hynmlit, n. composer {contextual), hym-
nodist; apee. laudist.

IW Om. uf-'iai.- K Ndic

hoiky: hoar,t. .fr™,.

bump, s 1 arc*.

bulll*, I. t.; haiUn uwrl.

Essuxs;;..,

ss^r^'*™-^'^'""'

lA

bypnatlo, a, magnetic {amUxlwd; nhao-
kioerU), ectenic (rare), mesmeric (oAso-
leKent).

hypaotlsmi n. In aUusion to /ormrr prae-
titioners or obsolete theoriea; magnetism,
Bnudiam, Mesmerism.

hypocrisy, n. deceit {conleztuai); spfe.
disaembling, Tartufferie (Jig.), Tartuf-
fiam (fig.), cant, Pharisecism {Jig.), Phari-
saism (fig.), snivel, sanctimony.
Anlonjfms: see ABTLESSNEaa; also cf.

faypoorlte, n. deceiver (conioifuon; spec.
diaaembler, Tartuffe (Jig.), pretender,
Pecksniff (jig.), Pharisee (jig.).

taypaorltloal, a. deceitful (con ieifuo/),
double-faced; spec, dissembling, Tartuf-
fian (fig.), Tartuffish (A?), Pharisaic
(Jig.), Pharisaical (fig.), sanctmioniouB.
Antonyms: sre artless, mANK.

tayiterlk, n. convulsion (coniexliuil), hys-
terics (p[,,- coUoq.); spec, tarantism, con-
niptions (pi.: vulvar, U. S.), vapors
(jH.), lata, miryachit.

hraterioBl, a. coavulaive (jomtexlual), hye-
teric (rare).

I, pron. ^o {metaphytici).

toe, n. crystal (now rare); spec floe, gla-
cier, frazU (Can. and U. S.), icicle.

ioflbeTK. n. berg; ipee. calf.

loe-oovflred, a. glaciate.

Icfl orekin. Spec, hokey-pokey (Bnff.;
slang or eollog,).

lofld, a. Spec, frosted, glac£ (French),
frapp* {French).

Idea, n. thought, conceit (archaic), con-
cept, conception, intention (chiefly logic),
notion (.chiefly spec.), intellection (chiefly
tech.), impression; sp«c. wrinkle, phi
torn, design, fancy, memory, feeling, b
tif (frencA), recept, theory, plan, etc.

Idemllie, v. I. Spec, exalt, abstract, spirit-
ualize, disrealize (rare), sublime or sub-
limate, refine, heighten, perfect.

Idle, a. indolent) spec, toa&ng, dawdling,
playing.
Antonyms: see bostling.

Idle, D. i. Spec, laze, laiy (rare), loaf, daw-

lie, lounge, loll, fllack (eoUog.), daily,
Irone, trifle, moon, truant, play.
Anlonyins: sec dustle, work.
Idleness, n. indolence; spec, loafing, daw-
dling, etc
Antonyms: see bostue.
tdlei, n. Spec, loafer, droner, lounger, daw-
dler, do-nothing, do-httle, drone, faine-
ant (French), flineur (French), buckeen
(Irish), nonworkcr (nonce word).
Antonyms: see worker.
idling, n. Spec, lazing, loafing, dalliance.

Idol, n. 1. image, simulacrum (leomeij),
gtwl (conlext-ual) ; spec, teraphim (pi.), joss
(Chinese), Mumbo Jumbo, pagod, Dagon,

Idolatry, n. worship (contextiud), fornica-
tion (a Biblical term).

Wyl, n. eclogue, psfltoral.

11, amj. gin or gii (Scoi.), provided; spec.
though.

igni* fatou*. will-o'-the-wisp, jack-o'-lan-
tern (now rare), jack-o'-the-wisp (,obs.).

Icnltable, a. Spec, inflammable.

Ignite, V. I. Spec, fire, kindle, light, in-
flame (literary or rare), Btrike.

iKnoramns, n. ignorant (rare), UliteratA,

Antonyms: see scholar, literate.
Inotanoe, n. I. unscience (rare or obs.},
darkness (fig.), ioBcience (rare), nescience
(learned or bookish), ignorantness (rore);
apec. ineducation, illiteracy. iUiterateness,
illiterature (rare), benightment, rusticity,
dark, darkness, impresdence, blindneas

g.).

; LEAttNlRQ, ENUOE

Anlimytns: see foreknowledge.
Ignorant, □, 1. nescient (learned or book-
ish), unknowing (rare), inacient (rare);
spec, unlearned, inerudite, illiterate, un-
informed, untaught, benighted, borrel or
borel (archaic), dark lay, grammarless,
unstudied, unread, unexpert (rore), green;

LEAllNED, VEUrIM-

I

tS" Croij refCTi
hnioelMDdilat dirrri

titrtiiUMt.
cojittmptiblt.
tinamlnr: divnSU.

tS' Sev Hot« t>l EipimiuUoo.

IMAOINART

S. See UNAWABB.
Irnore, v. t. diareeard: evee. pass, overlook,
bury, elude, eink, blim>, overjump, skip,
disimogj lie (rare) , cut {colloqA, over-
alaugh ((/. S.: rare), disobey, suppreas,
eliminate, forget.
Antonyms: gee attend, notice, con-

^

111- com posed, a. incondite (learned),

111- considered, a. unbaked ifig.)^ indi-
geatpd or ill-digeated (fig.); spec. wild.

liieclbln, a. undecipherable; ipec. blind,
hidden.
Antonyms: ae« leoible.

lileeltlmate, a. 1. unlawful; spec, unau-
thorized, irregular, spurious, inranse-

Antonjpna: see lawtdi*.
a. bnatard (now becoming a term of re-
proaeh), natural; spec, basebom, hose
(arehaic), hedgeixim (archaic), miabe-

Anlonyms: see legitimatii,
ill0|4o»i, a. inconsequent, invalid; apee.
absurd, unreaaonable, incohetent.
Anfonjfms: see logical.
Ill -omened, a. ainialer, sioistrous, left-
handed; tpee, inauHpicious.
Allonyms: see auspicious.
tll-ihaped, a. Spec, distorted, misshapen,
lopsided, ugly, ill-proportioned.
lU>Bmellln^ a. malodorous {learned or
bookish), offensive, nosey (coltog.), rank,
cacodorouB (a rare hybrid; hutiutrous or
eonlempluous), inodorous (rare), grave-
olent {literary; Thetarictd, affected, or
euphemistic); spec, foul, atinkinR, gamy,
rancid, noisome, fetid, goatish, buckish,
rotten, etc.
Anlanyms:

humor, oroBsness, bk
or in "to get" or "have t
cankercdness (rare), bile
eoUoq.). spleen (^ig.), I
grouchiness, eroutiness {U. S.
morosenesa, doggedneaa; aeeANQER.
Ul.tempeTed, a. Spec, ill-natured, ill-hU'
mored, crabbed, unlovely, cross, shrewd
(oha.), ugly ([/. S.), sour, surly, grum,
grumpy or grumpbh, unamiable. morose.
malignant, unkindly, sullen, sulky, bear-
ish, cynical or cynic, churlish, cantanker-
ous (eoUoq.), dogged (rare), snarly, cur-
rish or (rare) doggish, snappish, shrewish,

vinegarish or vinegary, vinaigrous (rare),
spleeny, splenetic, spleenish, vixenish,
bilious, crusty, nasty, cranky, frumpy (a
iriiriai or coUoqaial term), frumpish (rare),
cankered, dorty (Scot.), grouchy or
grouty (U. S.; coUoq.), angry, irritable.

Antonyms: see aftakle, aoreeabu:.
ill-treat, t>. (. abuse, injure, ill-use, mis-
treat {chiefly spec), maltreat (chiefly
spec), misuse; spec, bedevil, spitCj mis-
handle, mohock (rare or hist.), violate,
outrage, rape.

Antonyms: see caabbb, i

illamlnate, v. t

1. See-L

S. ornament (conterlual) , illumine; spec
miniate, rubricate, emblaze.
llluilon, n. 1. Referring to the act: see Dfi-

i. Riferring to the thijig: deception (can-
lextuai), unreality (emjAuHang the JinretU
qwdity); spec apparition, dream.
Antonyms: see Actdality.

lllnatrate, v. L 1. See example.
9. picture; spec. Grangerize.

Illuitratlon, n. 1. Referring to the action:

9. Referring to the thing: picture, figure;
sptc. diagram, plate, chart, drawing,
crayon, iconography, frontispiece, cut,
cartoon, caricature, lampoon.

Ill wUL dislike (oojUextiMil); tpec. enmity,
hostility, mahce, dole (Scot.), grudEO
(rare), spleen, spite, cankeredness (rare),
rancor or rancour (rare or literary), malev-
olence, malignitv, malignancy, venom,
malignance (rare), animosity.
ArtSonyms: see affection, love, estegu.

Image, n. 1. representation (contextual),
ima^ (learned), figure, copy, simulacre
or simulacrum (learned or bot^ish; prirna-
riiyspec.), shape (contextual), efSgy (chiefly
spec); spec parhelion, doll, dolly, picture,
icon, shadow, statue, painting, drawing,
guy, idol, reflectioD, embodiment, coun-
terpart, magot.
t. See APPARITION.

imaeery, n. Spec, images (pi.), imapna-
tions (pL), figures (pi.), engraving, stal^
uary, paintings (pi.), etc

imaclnable, a. conceivable; spec, feign-
able, believable, suppoaable; see think-

ImagiQBcr, a. unreal {contextual), fancied

JK?'

I n

I

-BduM

Ul-ptopertloned: il

V Kotei oi EipluutlOD.

nuontATionr

(cliufiy tpee.); spec, fancy, invpnted, ideal,
fictitious, shadowy, fi^eiital {bookish or
learned), notional, visionary, fanfaatic,
fontasled or phantaeied, conceivable, al>-
Btract, poetic.
Antonyms: gee actcau
itDftftutton, n. I. Referring to IhefaaiUy
or action: conception {c-ynlextutil), fancy
(ekiefiy »pec.), fiction, creation; spec, fan-
tasy, conceit, description,
t. In refererux to the thing imagined: see

ImagjiiHtlTe, a. creative (eorUexlual), fan-
ciful, fictive, visionary (rare); spec.
dreamy.
Antonifma: see DHiMAcraATiVE, WITa-

Imaflne, v. t. devise (oontextual),
(amtexlual), fancy (ehiejly spec.), think
(context-ual), create (contextual); spec.
suppose, feign, fantasy (archaic), picture,
frame, figure, prefigure, drearo, chimeriie
(rare), believe, guesa, assume, pretend,

idiotic, Wf-witted,
Antonyms: see in
■. See FOOLISH.
ImbfloUa, n. Spec, detective, driveler,
idiot, mooncalf (chiefly dial, or literary),
nid^t (archaic), fool, half-wit (rare),

imitate, v. t. copy, reproduce; spec, ape,
borrow, mimic, counterfeit, mock, emu-
late, echo, follow, forge, duplicate, pat-
tern (rore), zany (rare).
ATiionyms: see invent.

Imitated, a. Spec, second-hand, bor-
rowed, counterfeit, mock, mimic, imita-
tion {the noun used aitributivdy), forged,
pretended, feigned, false {coniexlual).
Antonyms: see new, ohioinai..

ism or parrotry {fin-), etc.

Arilonyms: see invention.
a. In reference to the remit of the action:
spec, copy, counterfeit, forgery, mockery,
echo, duphcate, counterpart, pretence,
reproduction, elc.

ATitonymB: see invention.
Imitative, a. Spec, mimic, mimetic, coun-
terfeit, Brummagem (Eng.), apish, copy-
ing, sequacious {teamed), echoic, re-
flective.

Antonyms;

Imitator, n. copyist, copier; spec, ape, par-
rot, mimic, echo, counterfeiter.

Im materia a. 1. incorporeal (chiefly
spec.)^ unsubstantial or (rare) innubatan-
liftl, inessential (literary), metaphysical
{tech.), matlflrless (rare); spec, bodiless or
(rare) imbodied, incorporate (rare), in-
concrete, aerie, insensible, unfleahly
(rare), mental, spiritual, spectral.
Antonyms: see material.

2. Sec CNIMPOBTANT.

immateriality, ti. incorporeal! ty, im-
materialness (rare), bodilessness, unsub-
stantiality or (rare) insubstantialitv, in-
essentiality (rore). mctaphysicalnesB;
spec, aeriness, mentality, spirituality, etc.

immature, a. undeveloped; spec, tender,
unripe, unfledged, impuberal (rare),
green, callow, beardless, young,
A nlimyms: see grown .

Immaturity, n. undevelopedness ; spec.
impuberty, greenness, unripeness, etc.

immediate, a. 1. Spec, primary, next, di-
rect, proximate.
Antonyms: sec intermediate, distant.
>. Spec, (referring to such neoTTiess in time
as is without any interveniTig action or the
like) instant, instantaneous, prompt.
"Immediate" and "prompt" are loosely
used where there is only relative proximity,
Aftlonyms: see distant.

lm.medlately, ada. 1. directly, direct {cot-
loq.), next, proximately, betimes.
t, instantly, presto (primarily ajuggUr's
or magician's term; hence chiefly exeiama-
tory or rhetoTical), instanter (Latin or em-
phatic), forthwith, straightway (arehaie
or rhetorical), straight (archaic), sUaightly
(archaic or obs.), forthright (orcAaie),
therewith (archaic or formal), eftsooD or
ottBOons (archaic); spec, now.

Immeme, a. large (contextual), enonnoug,
prodigious {lilerary or eontempluous),
great, tremendous, huge, vast {chiefly
spec), vasty (rare; now chiefly a literary
affectation); spec, elephantine, gigantic,
colossal, huge, titanic, infinite (hyperbol-
ical), stupendous, mountainous, mon-
strous.
AjUonyms: see minute, bmaUu

Immenilty, n. 1. largeness (amlextual),
greatness, immenseaeas (rare), enormous-
ness, tremendousness, hugeness, enormity
(rare), prodigiousness, vaatity (rare),
vaatness;sper. gtganticness, cofossotness,
titanicneas, infinity, monstrousneas.
S. Naming a thing of great size: moun-
tain, enormity, monstrosity; spec, vaatity,
vaat, gulf, abyss.

I

I

I

IibMIh: abmrb, ifriiil;.
Imhrlaatad: axrliipjnn;.

I Immaeiilatei ttean, /aulttim.

jMFERCEPTIBLB

Immnsloii, n.

mersion (.chiefly spec.

rore); tpee. dip,

bath, swim, baptiam

lmmlcr»nt, n.

1 comer, comeling (ar

si tor, greener {alang)

colonist.

Immlmt*. V. i. B

Dme (wnteituaO.

^

Antonyms: see i!:MiGRA'rE.

Immlnflnt, a. impendent (rare), impend-
ing (.leaa ttnmg Hum "imminent ), instant
(tow).

ImmoTSl, a. wicked {conlextiud), wrong,
wrongful, vidoua, loose (someivhal euphC'
mwttc), gay (euphemialic), rotten (inlen-
inm and vsuaUy vulgar) ; spec, licentious,
abandoned, disnoneat, indecent, treacher-
ous, eCc.

_ . . _. ..f,cte.

ImmortBl, a. 1. deathless {a homlier word
than "immoriai"), undying, neverJying,
imperishable; spec, ent&ess.
Antonyms: see mortal.
). See rAMOUs.

Immoitmllze, f. f. fame; spec, deify.

liiiinaT*ibie, a. 1. moveleaa iTare), fixed,
immobile, immotile {Tare), stationary.
Antonyms: see change able, imuovablb.
S. See MonoNuias, untieuiino.

Impuit, R. stroke, blow, impingement
(tech. or learned); spec, percussion, ap-
pulse, brunt, bump, touch, slam. Many
of the words mentioned under "stroke" are
laed in the closely allied sense nf "impact."

Impair, v. t. deteriorate, damage, harm,
injure; spec, mar, spofl, flaw, vitiate,
touch, Tuin, blemish, shatter (fig.), re-
duce, dilapidate, deface, crush, break,
wear, etc.
Antonyms: see amend, improve.

Impair, v, i. deteriorate, decline; spec.
vitiate, shatter, ruin, break, wear, etc.;
see BP01L.
Ajdonyms: see improve.

Impairment, n. deterioration, damage,
luu^n, iniury; spec, mar, blemish, shatter-
ing, breEdn, wear, etc.

Impartial, a. just, fair, equal (literary),

even (archaic); Spec. daintcresf»j. dis-
passioQBte, unpaasionate, unbiased, i
prejudiced, indifferent (rare, exc. led

Antonyms: fastlal, i
FAia.
impartiailtr, n, justice, impartialness

(rare), fairness, equality (literary), even-
ness (rare; archaic); spec, diapassion,
dispassionateness, impasaionat«neas, in-
difference, indifferency (rare).
Antonyms: see pabtiality.

ImpBBBable, a. impermeable (chiefly spec.);
spec, impervious, imperviable (rare), pass-
leas (rare), waterproof, airtight, water-
tight, tight.intranacalent (rare), innaviga^
ble (rare), unnavigable, impenetrable.
Animiyms: see passable.

Impassive, a. 1. See iNsENstBLO.
9. inexpressive, immobile, immovable;
spec, stoical, impassible, undemonatra^
tive, unimpressionable, imimpresaible,
etohd, apathetic, calm.
Antonyms: see demonbtrattve, effu-

Impaisloned, a. passionate; impassion-

ate (rare); spec, frenzied, angry, frantic,

furious.
impel, V. t. 1. move (contextual), impulse

(rare); spec, drive, send, kick, throw,

push, etc.
Antonyms: see bbstraih.

S. Referring to the mind or inclinations:

excite, move, permove (ras-e), constrain;

spec, compel, actuate, urge, drive.
Antonyms: see restrain, stop.
impelling, a. 1. impulsive, propulsive,