HISTOBY,
GAZETTEER AND DIRECTORY
OF THE COUNTY OF
DEVON
INCLUDING
THE CITY OF EXETER, ,
AND COMPEISING A
d^eneral ^urtjep of t\^t Count?
AND SEPARATE
HISTORICAL, STATISTICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIONS
OF ALL THE
HUNDREDS, UNIONS, PARISHES, TOWNSHIPS, CHAPELRIES, TOWNS, PORTS, VILLAGES & HAMLETS;
THE DIOCESE OF EXETER;
THE SEATS OF THE NOBILITY AND GENTEY;
MAGISTRATES AND PUBLIC OFFICERS;
AND A CHEAT VARIETY OF
ARCH^OLOGICAL, ARCHITECTURAL, AGRICULTURAL, BIOGRAPHICAL,
BOTANICAL, GEOLOGICAL, AND OTHER INFORMATION.
SECOND EDITION.
BY WILLIAM WHITE,
AUTHOR OF SIMILAR 'WORKS FOR
HAMFfcHiRF, Leicestershire, Rutland, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, and other counties.
PFdCE— CLOTH, 065.; HALF-BOUND, 405.
SHEFFIELD :
WILLIAM WHITE, 18 & 20 BANK STREET.
LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.
1878-9.
ENTERED AT ST'ATIONERS' HALL,
IV9
LOSDOS : PBIKTED BY
grOTTISWOODB AND CO., KEW-STIIEET SQUARB
AND PARLIAMENT STREET
P K E F A C E.
The Editor, in issuing the Second Edition of * White's History, Gazetteer and Directory
OF THE County of Devon,' has to acknowledge the kindness shown by the Nobility, Clergy and
Gentry of the County, In revising the articles on the places of their residence, in sending replies
to the Schedules of Queries submitted to them, and in correcting Authors' Proofs. His thanks
are specially due to the writers of the County Scientific Essays, some of whom have written similar
papers in White's Histories and Gazetteers of other Counties, viz. : Townshend M. Hall, Esq.,
F.G.S., of Pilton, on * Geology ',, (page 58), and 'Mines and Mining' (page 75); James Britten,
Esq., F.L.S., of the British Museum, on 'Botany' (page 54); and N. A. Humphreys, Esq., of
Somerset House, London, on 'Vital Statistics' (page 78). He is also indebted to Chas. Worthy,
Esq., late H.M. 82nd Regiment, Author of ' Devonshire Parishes * and other works, for his assistance
in revising the general History and Description of the County and of the City of Exeter.
The Editor has also to express his obligations to his numerous patrons, who, from their
knowledge of the value of the First Edition of 'White's Devonshire,' have had sufficient faith
to believe that the present one would, at any rate, be equal to its predecessor. He believes that
the increase of the size of the work (a greater increase than he had anticipated), the valuable
articles upon scientific subjects already referred to, the improved classification and arrangement of
the Hundreds, Parishes, &c., the carefully compiled Indexes, the Streets Directory of Exeter (a
new feature), and the Trades Directory at the close of the book (another new feature), will more
than answer their expectations.
As he hopes at some future time to publish a Third Edition, he will be happy to receive any
suggestions which may occur to those who peruse the present work ; and as every possible care baa
been taken to avoid errors (even at the expense of delay), he trusts that the volume will be found
as free from inaccuracies as is compatible with the vast amount of information and the great variety
of subjects comprised within its pages*
U)^ U>^aXAI.
December 1878.
INDEX OF PLACES.
COKTAINlXa, IN ALPHABKTICAL ORDER, THE NAMES OF ALL THE HUNDREDS, PARISHES, TOWNS, TOWNSHIPS, VILLAGES,
AND HAMLETS IN DEVONSHIRE.
N.B. The post town is appended to each place.
Abbey, Axmlnster, 116
Abbots Bickington, Braudis Corner, 99
Abbotsham, Bideford and "Westward
Ho! 99
Abbot's Hill, Beaford, 143
Abbotskerswell, Newton Abbot, 100
Addiscott, Okehampton, 727
Aish, Ivy bridge, 717
Alfardisworthy, Holsworthy, 172
Allaleigh, Totnes, 240
AUer, Newton Abbot, 100
AUer (North), South Molton, 720
Allington (East), Totnes, 308
Allington (South), Kings bridge, 214
Alphington, Exeter, 100
Alphington, Ottery St. Mary, 585
Alscott, Barnstaple and Bideford, 101
Alston (Beer), Roborough, 144
Alswere (or Alswear), S. Molton, 538
Alverdiscott, Barnstaple and Bideford,
101
Alvington (West), Kingsbridge, 840
Aldington, Bideford, 102
Annemouth, Kingsbridge, 778
Annery Kiln, Torrington, 550
Anstey (East), Dulverton, 309
Anstey (West), Tiverton, 841
Anstey's Cove, Torquay, 686
Appledore, Wellington, 204
Appledore, East and West, 102
Aptor, Newton Abbot, 502
Aptor, Totnes, 539
Arlington, Barnstaple, 104
Ash, Axminster, 555
Ash, Tiverton, 462
Ash, Totnes, 734
Ash, Bideford, 595
Ash, Dartmouth, 733
Ash (King's), Chulmleigh, 1 1 2
Ash burton, 104
Ashbury, Exbourne, 110
Ashcombe, Dawlish, 110
Ashculm, Wellington (Somerset), 471
Ashford, Barnstaple,. Ill
Ashford, Kingsbridge &Ivybridge,l 14
Ashford (West), Barnstaple, 471
Ashill, CuUompton, 829
Ashley, Tiverton, 779
Ash Mill, South Molton, 160
Ashprington, Totnes, 111
Ashreigny, Chulmleigh, 112
Ashton (Higher and Lower), Newton
Abbot, 112
Ashwater, Lifton, 113
Ashwell, Teignmoath and Chudleigh,
162, 531
Atherington, Barnstaple, 114
Aveton Grifford, Kingsbridge and Ivy
bridge, 114
Avon Wick, Ugborough, 572, 831
Awliscombe (or Awlescombe), Hon-
iton, 115
Axminster, 116
Axminster Hundred, 87
Axminster Town, Axminster, 116
Axmouth, Axminster, 121
Aylesbeare, Ottery St. Mary, 122
Ayshford, Wellington, 204
Babbicombe, Torquay, 686, 689
Bagtor, Newton Abbot, 500
Bampton, Tiverton, 123
Bampton Hundred, 87
Banbury, Exeter, 174
Bantham, Kingsbridge, 778
Barbrook, Barnstaple, 534
Barnstaple, 125
Barrowhill, Wellington (Somerset) 471
Barton, Torquay, 686
Batson, Kingsbridge, 536
Bawcombe, Kingsbridge, 840
Beacon, Honiton, 529
Beacon Hill, South Molton, 682
Beaford, 143
Beam, Great Torrington, 456
Beara, Lifton, 524
Bearscombe, Mounts, R.S.O. 201
Beaworthy, Exbourne, 143
Beccott, Barnsbxple, 104
Becky Falls, Moretonhampstead, 537
Bedford, Tavistock, 763
Beer, Axminster, 700
Beer, Exeter, 189
Beer Alston, Eoborough, 144
Beerferris (or Bereferrers), Robo-
rough, 144
Beerhall, Axminster, 116
Beertown, Roborough, 144
Beesands, Kingsbridge, 736
Beesou, Kingsbridge, 736
Bellamarsh, Chudleigh 517
Belston (or Belstone),Okehampton,145
Ben-Twitchen, South Molton, 574
Berrynarbor, Ilfracombe, 146
Berry Pomeroy, Totnes, 147
Bicaton, Totnes, 191
Bickerton, Kingsbridge, 736
Bickham, Exeter, 605
Bickington, Fremington, 451
Bickington, Newton Abbot, 148
Bickington (Abbots), Brandis Cornerj
99
Bickington (High), Chulmleigh, 473
Bickleigh Plymouth, 149
Bickleigh, Tiverton, 148
j Bicton, Budleigh Salterton, 149
Biddacott, South Molton, 213
Bideford, 150
Bidlake, Bridestowe, 179
Bigbury, Aveton Gilford, 158
Billacott, Launceston, 576
Bilsford, Bideford, 197
Bish Mill, South Molton, 160
Bishop's Clist, Exeter, 728
Bishop's Mill, South Molton, 160
Bishop's Morchard, 159
Bishop's Nympton, South Molton, 160
Bishop's Tawton, Barnstaple, 161
Bishop's Teignton, Teignmouih, 162
Bittadon, Barnstaple, 163
Bittaford, Ivy bridge, 831
Blackawton (or Blackauton), Totnes,
163
Blackborough, CuUompton, 165
Blackbury, Ottery St. Mary, 229
Black Dog, Exeter, 189
Black Dog (Higher and Lower), Pud-
dingtoa, 837
Blackdown, Ashburton, 849
Blackdown Hill, Kingsbridge, 527
Blackpool, Dartmouth, 733
Blackslade, Ashburton, 849
Black Torrington, Highampton, 165
Black Torrington Hundred, 87
Blagdon, Paignton, 590
Bodley, Barnstaple, 595
Bolbury, Kingsbridge, 536
Bolesbridge, Launceston, 576
Bolham, Tiverton, 779
Bondleigh, North Tawton, 166
Boode, Barnstaple, 176
Boohay, Brixham, 181
Bolestone, Totnes, 163
Borough Farm, Barnstaple, 102
Borough Island, Aveton Gilford, 158
Bosom Zeal, Totnes, 301
Bovey (Little), Newton Abbot, 166
Bovey (North), Moretonhampstead,571
Bovey Tracey (or South Bovev), New-
ton Abbot, 166
Bovi Sand, Plymouth, 670
Bow, Exeter, 168
Bowood (or Bowd), Ottery St. Mary,
466
Boyton (part of), Launceston, 572
Bradfield, CuUompton, 829
Bradford (or Bradford Dabernon),
Brandis Corner, 169
Bradiford, Barnst.aple, 598
Bradninch, CuUompton, 170
Bradstone, Tavistock, 172
Brad well Mill, Ilfracombe, 843
Index of" Places.
Brad worthy, Hols worthy, 172
Brampford Speke, Exoter, 173
Brandis Corner, 170
Hranscumbe, Sidmouth, 174
Bratton Clovi^lly, h^xoter, 174
Bratton Fleming, Barnstaple, 175
Braunton, Barnstaple, 176
Braunton Hundred, 88
Bray (High), South Molton, 474
Bray (High), South Molton, 720
Brayford, South Molton, 209, 474
Bremridgo, South Molton, 720
Brendon, Barnstaple & Lynton, 178
Brent Mill, Ivy bridge, 717
Brent (South), Ivybridge, 717
Brent Tor (or Brentor), Lew Down
and Bridestowo, 179
Brentor (North), Bridestow, 520
BridestoAve (or Bridestow), 179
Bridford, Exeter, 180
Bridgend, Ivybridge, 567, 679
Bridgerule (E. & W.), Holsvvorthy, 181
Bridgetown, Launceston, 840
Bridgetown, Totnes, 147, 819
Brightley, Okehampton, 580
Brightley, South Molton, 213
Brimley (Higher), Newton Abbot, 499
Brimley (Lower), Newton Abbot, 166
Brisworthy, Horrabridge, 542
Brithembottom, Tiverton, 462
Brixliam (Upper & Lower), 181
Brixton, Plympton, 188
Broadclyst (or Clist), Exeter, 189
Broadhembury, Honiton, 191
Broadhempston, Totnes, 191
Broad Nymet, Bow, 192
Broadwood-Kelly, "Winkleigb, 192
Broadwood Widger (or Wiger), Lif-
ton, 193
Brockscombe, Exeter, 174
Brooking, Totnes, 254
Brownston, Modbury, 546
Brushford, Wemb worthy, 194
Buekerel 3,Honiton, 194
Buckfast, Buckfastleigh, 194
Buckfastleigh, 194
Buckland, Kingsbridge, 778
Buckland-Brewer, Bideford, 197
Buckland (East), South Molton, 309
Buckland (Egg), Plymouth, 313
Bu.ckland Filleigh, Highampton, 198
Buckland-in-the- Moor, Ashburton, 200
Buckland Monachorum, Horrabridge,
199
Buckland (North), Barnstaple, 453
Buckland-Tout-Saints (or All Saints'),
Mounts, E.S.O., 201
Buckland (West), South Molton, 842
Bucknoll, Honiton, 573
Bucks Cross, Bideford, 858
Bucks Mill, Bideford, 595
Budeaux (St.), Plymouth, 683
Budlake, Exeter, 189
Budleigh (E.), Budleigh Salterton,310
Bndleigh (East) Hundred, 90
Budleigh Salterton, Exmouth, 201
Budleigh (W.-st) Hundred, 97
Bigford, Dartmouth, 733
Bulkworthy, Brandis Corner, 203
Bullen (High), Torrington, 685
Bullworthy, Barnstaple, 101
Bundleigh, North Tawton, 166
Burlescombe, "Wellington (Somerset),
204
Burraton (Higher and Lower), Exeter,
189
Burr Island, Aveton Gifford, 158
Burrington, Chulmleigh, 205
Burrow, Exeter, 174
Burrow, Ottery St. Mary, 466
Burrows, "Winkleigh, 551
Burstone, Bow, 862
Butterloigh, Cullompton, 205
Butterleigh (East), Cullompton, 250
Bystoek, Ottery St. Mary, 229
Cadbury, Tiverton, 206
Cadeleigh, Tiverton, 206
Cadhay, Ottery St. Mary, 585
Calverleigh, Tiverton, 207
Campscott, Ilfracombe, 492
Cannon Fee, Crediton, 242
Canon Teign, Dunsford, 215
Capton, Totnes, 301
Carswell, Honiton, 191
Carswell (Abbots), Newton Abbot, 100
Carswell (King's), Newton Abbot, 515
Castleford, Newton Abbot, 502
Castle Hill, South Molton, 450
Caton, Modbury, 546
Cator, Ashburton, 849
Chaddlehanger, Tavistock, 520
Chagford, Exeter, 207
Challaborough, Aveton Gifford, 680
Challaeombe, Barnstaple, 209
Chapeltown, Barnstaple, 764
Chappie, Chagford, 454
Charford, Ivybridge, 717
Charles, Plymouth, 608, 611
Charles, South Molton, 209
Charleton (East and West), Kings-
bridge, 210
Chasty, Holsworthy, 479
Chawleigh, Chulmleigh, 210
Chederleigh, Tiverton, 148
Cheglinch, Ilfracombe, 843
Cheldon, Chulmleigh, 211
Chelson Meadow, Plymouth, 666, 670
Chelston, Torquay, 228
Chelsworthy, Holsworthy, 479
Cheristow, Bideford, 467
Cheriton, Barnstaple & Lynton, 178
Cheriton, Exeter, 596
Cheritcn Bishop (or South Cheriton),
Dunsford, 211
Cheriton Cross, Dunsford, 211
Cheriton Fitzpaine, Crediton, 212
Cherryford, Barnstaple, 540
Cheston, Ivybridge, 831
Chettiscombe, Tiverton, 779
Cheverstone, Exeter, 508
Chevithorne, Tiverton, 779
Chicecott, Okehampton, 580
Chieflowman, Tiverton, 462
Chilla (East& West), Highampton, 1 65
Chillaton, Tavistock, 545
Chillington, Kingsbridge, 736, 737
Chilsworthy, Holsworthy, 479
Chittleham Holt, South Molton, 213
-Chittlehampton, South Molton, 213
Chivelstone, Kingsbridge, 214
Chivenor, Barnstaple, 471
Cholwell, Levi' Down, 541
Christow, Dunsford, 215
Chudleigh, Newton Abbot, 216
Chudleigh Knighton, Newton Abbot,
472
Chulmleigh, 218
Church Hill, Exeter, 189
Churchill, Barnstaple, 311
Churchinford, Honiton, 221
Church Stanton (or Staunton), Honi-
ton, 220
Churchstow, Kingsbridge, 221
Churscombe, Totnes, 539
Churston Ferrers, Brixham, 222
Clanaborough (or Clannaborough),
Bow, 223
Clapworthy Mill, South Molton, 720
Clare Quarter, Tiverton, 779
Clawton, Holsworthy, 223
Clayhanger (or Cley hanger), Bampton,
224
Clayhidon (or Clayhedon), Welling-
ton (Somerset), 224
Clifft, Bideford, 838
Clifton, Barnstaple, 311
Clist (Bishop's), Exeter, 728
Clist (Broad), Exeter, 189
Clist Champernowne, Topsham, 226
Clist Fomison, Exeter, 728
Clist Honiton, Exeter, 225
Clist Hydon (or Clysthydon), Exeter,
226
Clist St. George, Topsham, 226
Clist St. Lawrence, Whimple, 227
Clist St. Mary, Exeter, 227
Clist Satchfield (or Satchville), Exeter,"
448, 728
Cliston Hundred, 88
Clovelly (or Clovelleigh), Bidefrd. 227
Clyst (see Clist)
Cobbaton, Barnstaple, 750
Cobdon, Exeter, 846
Cockington, Torquay, 228
Cockwood, Dawlish, 229, 264
Coffinswell, Newton Abbot, 229
Cofford, Exeter, 508
Cofton, Dawlish, 229, 265
Colaton Haleigh, Ottery St. Mary, 229
Colcombe, Axminster, 232
Cold East, Newton Abbot, 499
Coldridge, Wemb worthy, 231
Colebrook, Plympton St. Mary, 665
Colebrooke, Cullompton, 250
Colebrooke, Exeter, 230
Coleford, Exeter, 230
Coleridge, Wembworthy, 231
Coleridge Hundred, 89
Colestocks, Honiton, 449
Collaton, Honiton, 191
Collaton, Kingsbridge, 536
Collaton, Torquay, 688
Collaton-Kirkham, Paignton, 590
Collaven, Bridestowe, 716
Collumpton, 250
Colscot, Brandis Corner, 844
Colyford, Axminster, 231
Colyton, Axminster, 231
Colyton Hundred, 89
Colyton Kaleigh, Ottery St. Mary, 229
Comb Eawleigh, Honiton, 236
Combe Ball, Bridestowe, 179
Combe, Kingsbridge, 536
Combe (East), Barnstaple, 764
Combe Fishacre, Newton Abbot, 502
Combe-in-Teign-Head, Teignmouth,
233
Combe Martin, Barnstaple, 234
Combe (Owl's) Honiton, 115
Combe (or Coombe) Pafford, Torquay,
686
Combe Pyne, Axminster, 235
Index of 3?laces.
Combe Kaleigh, Iloniton, 236
Combe (West), Barnstaple, 764
Combmartin, Barnstaple, 234
Comelake, Ottery St. Mary, 585
Compton, Totnes, 539
Compton Gifford, Plymouth, 236
Compton Pool, Totnes, 539
Cookbury, Brandis Corner, 238
Cookworthy (High), Lifton, 524
Coomb Pyne (or Coompyne), Axmin-
ster, 235
Coombe, Kingsbridge, 536
Coombe, Plympton, 188
Coombe, Teignmouth, 162
Coombe Fishacre, Nowton Abbot, 502
Coplestone, Exeter and Crediton, 230,
242
Cornborough, Kingsbridge, 736
Cornwood, Ivybridge, 239
Comworthy, Totnes, 240
Corscombe, Honiton, 449
Coryton, Lew Down, 240
Cotleigh, Honiton, 241
Cotley, Exeter, 307
Cott, Highampton, 702
Cotton, Tiverton, 250
Coiintesbiiry (or Countisbury) Barn-
staple & Lynton, 241
•Countess Weir (or Wear), Exeter,
242, 792
Cove, Tiverton, 779
Cowick, Exeter, 320, 335
Cowley, Exeter, 173
Craddock, Cullompton, 829
Craze-Loman, Tiverton, 779
Creacombe, Ermington, 476
Creacombe, Witheridge, 242
Crediton, 242
Crediton Hundred, 89
Crockerntor, 39
Crockernwell, Dunsford & Chagford,
211, 305
Croscombe, Sampford Courtenay, 695
Cross, Ivybridge, 239
Croyde, Barnstaple, 453
Cruwys-Morchard, Tiverton, 249
Cudlipptown, Tavistock, 753
Cullompton (or Cullumpton), 250
Culmdavey, Wellington (Somerset), 47 1
Culmstock, Wellington (Somerset), 253
Daccombe, Newton Abbot, 229
Daignton, Newton Abbot, 502
Dalwood, Honiton, 254
Damage, Ilfracombe, 492
Darracott, Barnstaple, 453
Dartington, Totnes, 254
Dartmoor Forest, 49
Dartmoor Forest Quarter, 531
Dartmouth, 255
David's (St.), Exeter, 320
Dawlish, 264
Dawlish Water, Dawlish, 265
Dean, Ilfracombe, 843
Dean Church Town,Buckfastleigii, 268
Dean Prior, Buckfastleigh, 268
Dean Town, Buckfastleigh, 268
Denbury, Newton Abbot, 269
Denworthy, Holsworthy, 172
Derriton, Holsworthy, 677
Devonport History, 269, 600; Direc-
tory, 278
Dexbeer, Holsworthy, 594
Dinaton, Ivybridge, 239
Dipperton, Lew Down, 541
Diptford, Ugborough, 301
Dishcombe, Okehampton, 727
Dittisham, Totnes, 301
Doccombe, Moretonhampstead, 552
Dodbrooke, Totnes, 302, 512
Doddiscombsleigh, Exeter, 303
Dodscott, Torrington, 685
Dolton, Eggesford Station, 303
Dotton (or Doniton), Ottery St. Mary,
304
Dowland, Dolton, 304
Dowlton, Eggesford Station, 303
Down (East), Barnstaple, 311
Down (East), Totnes, 163
Down St. Mary, Bow, 304
Downthomas, Plymouth, 838
Down (West), Ilfracombe, 843
Drewsteignton, Chagford, 305
Dritton, Totnes, 163
Dulford, Honiton, 191
Dunchideock, Exeter, 306
Dunkeswell, Honiton, 306
Dunkeswell Abbey, Honiton, 307
Dunsford, Exeter, 307
Dunstone, Kingsbridge, 736
Dunstone, Ashburton, 849
Dunstone, Plympton, 860
Dunterton, Tavistock, 308
East Allington, Totnes, 308
East Anstey, Dulverton, 309
East Appledore, Appledore, 103
East Bridgerule, Holsworthy, 181
East Buckland, South Molton, 309
East Budleigh, Budleigh Salterton, 310
East Budleigh Hundred, 90
East Butterleigh, Cullompton, 250
East Charleton, Kingsbridge, 210
East Chilla, Highampton, 1 65
East Combe, Barnstaple, 764
East Comworthy, Totnes, 240
East Down, Barnstaple, 311
East Down, Totnes, 1 63
East Goldsworthy, Bideford, 595
EastKnowstone,Morchard Bishop, 519
East Leigh, Bideford, 844
East Leigh-Betsford, Totnes, 464
East Mere, Tiverton, 779
East Ogwell, Newton Abbot, 312
East Portlemouth, Kingsbridge, 673
East Prawle, Kingsbridge, 214
East Putford, Brandis Corner, 312
East Sandford, Exeter, 697
East Stonehouse, 600, 738
East Teignmouth, 767
East Town, Dawlish, 264
East Town, Exeter, 508
East Wonford, Brandis Corner, 545
East Wonford, Exeter, 319
EastWorlington,Morchard Bishop, 312
Eastacombe, Barnstaple, 114
Eastacott, Tavistock, 308
Eastdon, Dawlish, 229
Eastington, Morchard Bishop, 523
Easton, Kingsbridge, 840
Ebberley, Torrington, 680
Ebford, Exeter, 855
Eccombe, Honiton, 221
Eddystone, Bideford, 467
Eddystone Lighthouse, 605
Edgcumbe, Tavistock, 545
Edgin swell, Torquay, 686
Egg Buckland, Plymouth, 313
Eggesford, Wembworthy, 314
Eke worthy, Bideford, 197
Elburton, Plymouth, 670
Elmscott, Bideford, 467
Elston, Chulmleigh, 218
Embridge, Dartmouth, 733
Englebourne (Gt. & Lit.), Totnes, 464
Ermington, Ivybridge, 315
Ermington Hundred, 90
Escot, Ottery St. Mary, 751
Estacott, Ilfracombe, 554
Exbourne, 316
Exbridge, Tiverton, 551
Exe (Nether), Exeter, 556
Exe Island, Exeter, 324
Exe (Up), Exeter, 679
Exeter History, 316 ; Street Directory,
368 ; Alphabetical Directory, 399
Exminster, Exeter, 439
Exminster Hundred, 91
Exmouth, 440
Exton, Exeter, 855
Exwick, Exeter, 345, 376
Fairmile, Ottery St. Mary, 751
Fairway, Honiton, 449
Fairy Cross, Bideford, 102
Fardell, Ivybridge, 239
Faringdon (or Farringdon), Exeter,
448
Farway, Honiton, 449
Farwood, Axminster, 231
Fatherford (Lower), Okehampton, 580
Feniton (or Fenyton), Honiton, 449
Fen Ottery, Ottery St. Mary, 835
Fernhill, Ashburton, 849
Fern worthy, Bridestowe, 179
Filham (North & South), Ivybdge, 831
Filleigh, South Molton, 450
Five Lanes, Totnes, 539
Flitton, South Molton, 574
Fluxton, Ottery St. Mary, 585
Foghanger, Tavistock, 645
Ford, Bideford, 102
Ford, Dartmouth, 255
Ford, Devonport, 600 ; Directory, 294
Ford, Ermington, 476
Ford, Exeter, 568
Ford, Kingsbridge, 214
Ford Beaston, Totnes. 191
Fordsr, Chagford, 454
Freeland, Moreton Hampstead, 537
Fremington, 451
Fremington Hundred, 91
Freynstone, South Molton, 720
Frithelstock, Torrington, 452
Frith elstock Stone, Torrington, 452
Frogmoor (or Frogmore), Kingsbridge,
210, 704, 705
Frost, Bishop's Morchard, 159
Fulford, Okehampton, 727
Fulford (Little), Crediton, 706
Furley, Chard, 543
Gabber, Plymouth, 839
Gabwell, Teignmouth, 735
Galmpton, Brixham, 222
Galmpton, Kingsbridge, 718
Galsworthy, Bideford, 197
Gappah, Chudleigh, 516
Georgeham, Barnstaple, 453
George Nympton, South Molton, 578
Germansweek, Bratton Clovelly, 454
Gidleigh (or Gidley), Chagford, 454
Giles (St.)-on-the-Heath, Laimceston,
684
Giles (St.)-in-the-WQod, Torrington,
685
Index or Places.
Gittisham, Honiton, 455
(loldsworthy (East), Bideford, 595
Goodloigh, Barnstaple, 45G
Goodringtoii, Paignton, 590
Goosoford, Okehampton, 727
Gosford, Ottory St. Mary, 585
Goveton, Kingsbridgo, 210
Great Englebonrne, Totnos, 46 1
Great Grindle, Ottory St. Mary, 229
Great Hayes, Clmlmloigb, ] 12
Great Knowle, Exmoutli, 201, 203
Great Potheridge, Boaford, 5i'6
Great Torrington, ioG
Great Wooke, Chagford, 208
Grindle, Exeter, 855
Grindle (Great), Ottery St. Mary, 229
Guineaford, IJarnstaple, 540
Gulliford, Exeter, 855
Gunn, Barnstaple, 750
Hacche, South Molton, 720
Hacconibe, Newton Abbot, 461
Halberton, Tiverton, 402
Halberton Hundred, 91
Halford, Newton Abbot, 500
Halfordswood, Exeter, 848
Hallsands, Kingsbridge, 736
Halsinger, Barnstaple, 176
Hals well, Totnes, 191
Halwell, Lifton, 464
Halwell, Totnes, 463
Hampton (High), 474
Hankford, Brandis Corner, 204
Harberton, Totnes, 464
Harbertonford, Totnes, 465
Harbournford, Ivy bridge, 717
Hareombe, Newton Abbot, 216
Harcombe, Sidmouth, 708
Hareston, Plympton, 188
Harford, Ivybridge, 466
Harford, Newton Abbot, 499
Harpford, Ottery St. Mary, 466
Harracott, Barnstaple, 764
Harraton, Kingsbridge «Sc Ivybridge,
114
Hartland, Bideford, 467
Hartland Hundred, 92
Hartleigh, Highampton, 198
Hatherleigh, 468
Hawkerland, Ottery St. Mary, 229
Hayes (Great), Chulnileigh, 112
Hayridge Hundred, 92
Hay tor Hundred, 92
Haytor V^ale, Newton Abbot, 499
Haytown, Brandis Corner, 204
Heal, Barnstaple, 595
Healand, Torrington, 685
Heanton (King's), Barnstaple, 540
Heantcn Punchardon, Barnstaple,
471
Heanton Satchville, Beaford, 488
Heasley, South Molton, 574
Heavitree, Exeter, 319.
Heddon's Mouth, Barnstaple, 540
Hele, Cullompton, 171
Hele, Ilfracombe, 494
Hele (North & South), Chulmloigh,
473
Helscott, Launceston, 576
Hembow, South Molton, 213
Hembury (Broad), Honiton, 191
Hembury Fort, Exeter, 596
Hemerdon, Plympton St. Mary, 665
Hempston (Broad), Totnes, 191
Hempston (Little), Totnes, 526
Hemyock (or Hemiojk), Wellington
(Somerset), 471
Homyoek Hundred, 93
Hondham, Mounts, 857
Hennock, Bovey Tracey, 472
Hoy worthy, Bratton Clovelly, 454
High Bickington, Chulmleigh, 473
Higli Bray, South Molton, 474
High Bray, South Molton, 720
Higli Bullcn, Torrington, 685
Iligli Cookworthy, Lifton, 524
High Hampton (or Iligliampton), 474
Higher Ashton, Newton Abbot, 112
Higher Black Dog, Puddington, 837
Higher Brimley, Newton Abbot, 499
Higher Burraton, Exeter, 189
Higher Hamlet, Exeter, toi>
Higher Eocombo, Teignmouth, 735
Higher Stoke, Dev-onport, 269
Higher Town, Buckfastleigh, 194
Higher Town, Tiverton, 462
Highley St. Mary (or Hightleigh),
Tiverton, 474
Highweek, Newton Abbot, 556
Hilltown, Tavistock, 520
Hiscott, Barnstaple, 764
Hittisleigh, Okehampton, 475
Hockworthy, Wellington (Somerset),
475
Hoggadon, Launceston, 681
Holbeton, Ermington, 475
Holcombe, Dawlish, 264
Holcombe Buraell, Exeter, 476
Holcombe Kogus, Wellington (Somer-
set), 477
Hollacombe, Holsworthy, 478
Holne, Ashburton, 478
Holset, Kingsbridge, 673
Holsworthy, 479
Holwell, Aveton GifFord, 158
Honeychurch,SarapfordCourtenay,482
Honicknowle, Plymouth, 683
Honiton, 482
Honiton Barton, South Molton, 720
Honiton's Clist, Exeter, 225
Hooe, Plymouth, 670
Hookway, Crediton, 242
Hoops, Bideford, 595
Hope Cove. Kingsbridge, 718
Horndon, Tavistock, 763
Horns Cross, Bideford, 595
Horrabridge, 199, 697, 836
Ilorseborough, Ilfracombe, 554
Ilorsebridge, Tavistock, 751
Ilorsemills, Newton Abbot, 516
Ilorwood, Bideford, 4S8
Houghton, Moretonhampstead, 552
Houndle, Ivybridge, 239
Huckworthy Bridge, Horrabridge, 697
Huish, Beaford, 488
Huish (North), Ugborough, 572
Huish (South), Kingsbridge, 718
Hunston, South Molton, 574
ITuntsham, Bampton, 489
Huntshaw (or Hunshaw), Bideford,490
Hutcherley, Totnes, 163
Huxham, Exeter, 490
Iddesleigh(orIdsleigh),Winkleigb,490
Ide, Exeter, 491
Ideford, Chudleigh, 491
Ilfracombe, 491
Ilkerton, Barnstaple, 534
Ilsham, Torquay, 686
Ilsington, Newton Abbot, 499
Ilton, Kingsbridge, 536
In stow, 500
Inwardlcigh, Exbourno, 501
Ipplepon. Newton Abbot, 502
Irishcombe, Morchard Bishop, 523
Itton, Okehampton, 727
Ivybridge, 503, 831
Jacobstowe, Exeter, 504
Jordan, Ashburton, 8t9
Kallacott, Lifton, 193
Kellaton (or Kellington), Kings-
bridge, 736
Kelly, Lifton, 505
Kemp Town, South Molton, 538
Kenn (or Kenne), Exeter, 505
Kennerleigh, Crediton, 506
Kennford, Exeter, 505
Kentisbeare (or Kentisbeor), Cullomp-
ton, 506
Kentisbury, Barnstaple, 507
Kentisbury Ford, Birnstaplo, 507
Kenton, Exeter, 508
Kent's Hole, 72
Kenwith Castle, Appledoro, 103
Kex'swell, Honiton, 191
Kerswell (Abbot's), Newton Abbot, 100
Kerswell (King's), Newton Abbot, 515
Kigbear, Okehampton, 580
Killatree, Holsworthy, 677
Kilmmgton, Axminster, 509
Kimmacott, Barnstaple, 540
Kimworthy, Holsworthy, 172
Kingford, Holsworthy, 594
King's Ash, Chulmleigh, 112
Kingsbridge, 509
Kingscott, Torrington, 685
Kingsett, Tavistock, 763
King's Heanton, Barnstaple, 540
Kingskerswell (or King's Carswell),
Newton Abbot, 515
King's Nympton, Chulmleigh, 516
King's Tamerton, Plymouth, 683
King's Teignton, Newton Abbot, 516
Kingston, Ottery St. Mary, 229
Kingston, Aveton Gifford, 518
Kings wear, Dartmouth, 518
Kinterbury, Plymouth, 683
Knacker's Knowle (or Knoll), Ply-
mouth, 313, 683
Knightstone, Bishop's Morchard, 159
Knighton, Newton Abbot, 472
Knighton, Plymouth, 838
KnightonBeaumont,NewtonAbbot,499
Knowle (or Knoll), Barnstaple, 176
Knowle, Crediton, 242
Knowle (Great and Little), Exmouth,
201, 203
Knowstone, Morchard Bishop, 519
Knowstone (East), Morchard Bishp.519
Laira Green, Plymouth, 313
Lake, Barnstaple, 764
Lake, Bridestowe, 716
Lamerton, Tavistock, 520
Landcross (or Lancrass), Bideford, 521
Landkey, Barnstaple, 521
Landscove, Ashburton, 731
Lanehead, Tavistock, 763
Langdon, Launceston, 840
Langford, Cullompton, 250
Langridge, Barnstaple, 114
Laugridge Ford, Barnstaple, 860
Langtree, Torrington, 522
Lapford, Morchard Bishop, 522
Larcombe, Totnes, 464
Index of* Placet^ .
Larkbeare, Ottery St. Mary, 751
jLea, Wellington (Somerset), 475
Lee, Ilfracombe, 49 -t
Lee Mill, Plymptou St. Mary, 665
Leigh, Bishop's Morchard, 159
Leigh, Modbury, 516
Leigh, Wembwortliy, 231
Leigh (East and AVest), liideford, 844
Leigh (North), Honiton, 573
Leigh (South), Honiton, 719
Leigh-Betsford (East and West),
Totnes, 464
Leonard's (St.), Exeter, 316
Lettaford, Moretonhampstead, 571
Leusdon, Ashburton, 849
Leverton, Newton Abbot, 499
Lew Down, 523, 541
Lew (North), Exbourne, 573
Lewtrenchard, Lew Down, 523
Leyford, Barnstaple and Lynton, 178
Liddaton, Lew Down, 1 79
Lidford, Bridestow, 531
Lidstone, Kingsbridge, 210
Lid well, Dawlish, 264
Lifton, 524
Lifton Down, Lifton, 521
Lifton Hundred, 93
Linchaford, Ashburton, 819
Lincombe, Ilfracombe, 492
Lincombe, Kingsbridgo, 536
Lindridge, Teignmouth, 162
Linton, Barnstaple, 534
Listleigh, Bovey Tracey, 530
Little Bovey, Newton Abbot, 166
Little Engleboxirne, Totnes, 464
Littlehani, Bideford, 525
Littleham, Exmouth, 525
Little Hempston, Totnes, 526
Little Knowle, Exmoutli, 201, 203
Little Potheridge, Beaford, 543
Little Silver, Exeter, 439
Little Silver, South Molton, 538
Little Silver, Tiverton, 206
Little Torrington, Gt. Torrington, 526
Lixton, Kingsbridge & Ivybridge, 114
Lobb, Barnstaple, 176
Loddiswell, Kingsbridge, 527
Longbridge, Chard, 543
Longdown, Exeter, 476
Loosebeare, Bow, 862
Loveacott, Fremington, 451
Loveton, Horrabridge, 542
Lovistone, Beaford, 488
Lower Ashton, Newton Abbot, 112
Lower Black Dog, Puddington, 837
Lower Brimley, Newton Abbot, 166
Lower Brixham, Brixham, 181
Lower Burraton, Exeter, 189
Lower Eatherford, Okehampton, 580
Lower Eocombe, Teignmouth, 735
Lower Shillingford, Exeter, 439
Lower Stoke, Devonport, 269
Lower Tor, Ashburton, 849
Lower Town, Bishop's Morchard, 159
Lower Town, Buckfastleigh, 194
Lower Town, Tiverton, 462
Lowley Cross, Exeter, 303
Loxbeare, Bow, 862
Loxbeare (or Loxbeer), Tiverton, 528
Loxhore, Barnstaple, 528
Ludbrook, Ivybridge and Modbury,
315, 546
Luffincott, Launceston, 529
Lundy Island, 529
Luppitt, Honiton, 529
Lupridge, Ugborough, 572
Lustleigh, Bovey Tracey, 530
Luton, Chudleigh, 531
Luton, Honiton, 191
Lutton, Ivybridge, 239
Lutton, Ivybridge, 717
Lydford, Bridestowe, 531
Lympstone, Exeter, 533
Lynbridge, Barnstaple, 53 i
Lyneham, Plj?mpton, 860
Lynmouth, Barnstaple, 534, 536
Lynton, Barnstaple, 53 4
Lyston, Exeter, 508
Madford, Wellington (Somerset), 471
Maidencombe, Teignmouth, 735
Maidenhayno, Axminster, 555
'Maker {Cor nwall), 536
Malborough, Kingsbridge, 536, 810
Malmsmead, Barnstaple & Lynton, 1 78
Majahead, Kenton, 537)
Manaton, Moretonhampstead, 537
Manley, Tiverton, 779
Mannamead, Plymouth, 236
Mariansleigh, South Molton, 538
Maristow, Lew Down, 541
Marlandpeters, Great Torrington, 538
Marldon, Totnes, 539
Marsh Green, Exeter, 681
Martinhoe, Barnstaple, 510
Marwood, Barnstaple, 510
Marwood (Middle), Barnstaple, 510
Mary Ansleigh, South Molton, 538
Mary Church (St,), Torquay, 686
Marystowe, Lew Down, 511
Mary Tavy, Tavistock, 763
Matford, Exeter, 439
Meadwell, Lifton, 505
Meavy, Horrabridge, 542
Meddon, Bideford, 467
Meeth, Merton, 542
Meldon, Okehampton, 580
Membury, Chard, 543
Mere (East & West), Tiverton, 779
Merrifield, Kingsbridge, 221
Merton, Beaford, 543
Meshaw, South Molton, 544
Metcombe, Ottery St. Mary, 585
Michelcombe, Ashburton, 478
Middlecott, Bishop's Morchard, 159
Middlecott, Highampton, 165
Middle Marwood, Barnstaple, 510
Middlemoor, Tavistock, 847
Middle Eocombe, Teignmouth, 234
Middlewood, Dawlish, 229, 264
Milburgh, Aveton Gilford, 158
Milford, Torrington, 452
Millbay, Plymouth, 605
Millcombe, Totnes, 163
Millford, Bideford, 467
Milltown, Barnstaple, 540
Milton, Horrabridge, 199
Milton Abbot, Tavistock, 514
Milton Damerel, Brandis Corner, 545
Milton (South), Kingsbridge, 719
Minchin Court, Ottery St. Mary, 122
Modbury, 546
Molland, South Molton, 549
Molton (North), South Molton, 574
Molton (South), 719
Molton (South) Hundred, 95
Monkleigh, Torrington, 550
Monk Okehampton, Wiiakleigh, 551
Monkton, Honiton, 551
Moortown, Great Torrington, 456
Morchard Bishop, 159
Morchard (Cruwys), Tiverton, 249
Morebath, Tiverton, 551
Moreleigh, 554
Moretonhampstead, 552
Morice Town, Devonport, 269, 600 ;
Directory, 289
Morley (or Morleigh), 551
Morte Point, 554
Morthoe (or Morte), Ilfracombe, 554
Mothecombe, Ermington, 476
Mount Batten, 670
Mount Edgcumbe, 536
Muddiford, Barnstaple, 540
Musbury, Axminster, 555
Mutley, Plymouth, 236
Mutterton, CuUompton, 250
Muxbere, Tiverton, 462
Nadder, Exeter, 848
Natsworthy, Ashburton, 849
Nethercott, Barnstaple, 176
Nether Exe, Exeter, 556
Netherton, Honiton, 449
Netherton, Teignmouth, 234
Newbridge, Ashburton, 849
Newbridge, Beaford, 488
New Buildings, Exeter, 697
Newhaven, Bideford, 595
Newhouse(nowAvonwick),Ugboro,572
Newland, Barnstaple, 750
Newport, Barnstaple, 132, 161
Newton, South Moltoo, 3 60, 213
Newton Abbot, 556
Newton Bushel, Newton Abbot, 556
Newton Ferrers, Ivybridge, 567
Newton Poppleford, Otterv Sc. Mary,
122, 568
Newton St. Cyres, Exeter, 568
Newton St. Petrock, Torrington, 569
Newton Tracey, Barnstaple, 569
Nicholas (St.), Teignmouth, 690
Nicholshayne, Wellington (Somerset),
253
Nimet (see Nymet)
North AUer, South Molton, 720
Northam, Bideford, 570
Northam Eidge, Bideford, 570
North Bovey, Moreton Hampstoad, 571
North Brentor, Bridestow, 520
North Buckland, Barnstaple, 453
Northcott, Launceston, 572
Northend, Wellington (Somerset), 253
North Filham, Ivybridge, 831
North Hele, Chulmleigh, 473
North Huish, Ugborough, 572
Northleigh, Barnstaple, 45S
North Leigh, Honiton, 573
North Lew, Exbourne, 573
North Molton, South Molton, 574
Northmost Tn. Budleigh Salterton, 584
North Petherwin, Launceston, 576
North Pool, Kingsbridge, 726
North Tawton, 577
North Tawton Hundred, 94
North Whilborough, Newtn Abbot, 515
Norton, Dartmouth, 255
Norton, Exeter, 568
Norwood, Great Torrington, 456
Noss Mayo, Ivybridge, 679
Nutwell, Exeter, 855
Nymet (Broad), Bow, 192
Nymet Eowland, Lapford, 578
Nymet St. George, South Molton, 578
x\\
Index ol" Places.
Nymet Tracey, Exeter, 168
Nympton (Bishop's), Sth. Molton, 160
Nympton (King's), Chulmloigh, r)16
Nympton St. George, Sth. Molton, 578
Oakford, Tiverton, 579
Oakhampton, 580
Oftwell, Honiton, 579
Ogwell (East), Nowton Abbot, 312
Ogwell (West), Newton Abbot, 844
Okeford, Tiverton, 579
Okehampton, 580
Okohampton (Monk), Winkleigh, 551
Oltlborough, IBishop's Morehard, 159
Oldmill, Daitmouth, 255
Onemouth, Kingsbridge, 778
Oreston, Plymouth, 670
Otterton, Budleigh Salterton, 584
Ottery, Tavistock, 520
Ottery St. Mary, 585
Ottery St. Mary Hundred, 94
Ottery (Up), Honiton, 833
Ottery (Venn, or Een), Ottery St.
Mary, 835
Owl's Combe, Honiton, 115
Oxenham, Okehampton, 727
Paignton, 590
Palmer's, Tiverton, 779
Pancrasweek (or Pancraswyke), Hols-
worthy, 594
Pansom, Launceston, 684
Parkham, Bideford, 595
Parracombe, Barnstaple, 595
Parracombe Mill, Barnstaple, 595
Parsonage, Ivy bridge, 831
Passford, JBudleigh Salterton, 584
Patchole, Barnstaple, 507
Payhembury, Exeter, 596
Pennycross, Plymouth and D'port, 597
Pennyeross, Wellington (Somerst), 471
Penquit, Modbury, 546
Penruse, Launceston, 576
Penstone, Exeter, 230
Perreton, Exe'ter, 846
Petermarland, Great Torrington, 538
Peter Tavy, Tavistock, 764
Petheridge (Great and Little), Bea-
ford, 543
Petherwin (or Petherwin, North),
Launceston, 576
Petherwingate, Launceston, 676
Petrock Stow, Beaford, 598
Petton, Tiverton, 123
Peyhembury, Exeter, 596
Philham, Bideford, 467
Pilton, Barnstaple, 125, 598
Pinchaford, Newton Abbot, 500
Pinhoe, Exeter, 599
Pinn, Budleigh Salterton, 584
Pippacott, Barnstaple, 176
Pirzwell, Cullompton, 506
Pitson, Budleigh Salterton, 584
Pitt Quarter, Tiverton, 779
Plymouth History, 600 ; Directory, 620
Plympton, Kingsbridge, 536
Plympton Hundred, 94
Plympton Maurice (or Earl's), Plymp-
ton St. Mary, 669
Plympton St. Mary, 665
Plymstock, Plymouth, 670
Plymtree, Cullompton, 672
Podington, Crediton, 677
Polsham, Paignton, 590
Poltimore, Exeter, 672
Pomphlet, Plymouth, 670
Ponsford, Cullompton, 250
Ponsworthy, Ashburton, 849
Pool (North), Kingsbridge, 726
Pool (South), Kingsbridge,. 726
Portbridge, Totnes, 734
Portlemouth, Kingsbridge, 673
Postbridge, Horrabridge, 531
Potheridge (Great and Little), Bea-
ford, 543
Poughill, Crediton, 674
Poundsgate, Ashburton, 849
Powderham, Exeter, 674
Prawle, Kingsbridge, 214
Prawle (East), Kingsbridge, 214
Prawle Point, Kingsbridge, 673
Prescot, Wellington (Somerset), 253
Prestacott, Okehampton, 146
Preston, Mounts, 857
Preston, Newton Abbot, 516
Preston, Paignton, 590
Princetown, Horrabridge, 531, 675
Prixford, Barnstaple, 540
Pryor's Quarter, Tiverton, 779
Puddington, Crediton, 677
Puddlebridge, Honiton, 573
Purlbridge, Axminster, 231
Putford (East), Brandis Corner, 312
Putford (West), Brandis Corner, 844
Puttsborough, Barnstaple, 453
Pyworthy, Holsworthy, 677
Quither, Tavistock, 545
Quoditch, Lifton, 113
Kackenford, Morehard Bishop, 678
Eaddon, Cullompton, 777
Ealeigh, Barnstaple, 598
Eamsley, Okehampton, 727
Eatsloe, Exeter, 672
Eattery (or Eattrey), Buckfastleigh,
678
Eawridge, Honiton, 833
Eedhill, Bishop's Morehard, 159
Eevelstoke, Ivybridge, 679
Eew, Kingsbridge, 536
Eewe, Exeter, 679
Eexton, Lifton, 193
Eickham, Kingsbridge, 673
Eiddlecombe, Chulmleigh, 112
Eidgway, Plympton St. Mary, 665, 669
Eill, Ottery St. Mary, 585
Eingmoor Down, Horrabridge, 542
Eingmore, Aveton Gilford, 680
Eingmore, Teignmouth, 690, 692, 735
Eoborough, Plymouth, 149
Eoborough, Torrington, 680
Eoborough Hundred, 94
Eochill, Morehard Bishop, 519
Eockbeare, Exeter, 681
Eocombe, Teignmouth, 234
Eocombe (Higher and Lower), Teign-
mouth, 736
Eomanfeleigh, South Molton, 682
Eose Ash, South Molton, 682
Eousdon (or Eoosdown), Lyme Eegis,
683
Eowland's Leigh, Lapford, 578
Eudge, Crediton, 242
Eumonsleigh (or Eumsleigh), South
Molton, 682
Eunnaford Coombe, Buckfastleigh,
194
Eushford, Chagford, 208
St. Budeaux, Plymouth, 683
St. David's, Exeter, 320
St. George Clist, Topsham, 226
St. Giles-ou-the-Heath, Launceston
684
St. Giles-in-the-Wood, Torrington, 685
St. John's Chapel, Barnstsiplo, 764
St. Leonard's, Exeter, 316
St. Mary Church, Torquay, 686
St. Nicholas, Teignmouth. 090
St. Thomas the Apostle, Exeter, 320
Sainthill, Cullompton, 506
Salcombe, Kingsbridge, 692
Salcombe Eegis, Sidmouth, 694
Sallicombe, Honiton, 449
Saltash Passage, Plymouth, 683
Salterton (Budleigh), Exmouth, 201
Salterton (Woodbury), Exeter, 855
Saltram, Plympton St. Mary, 666
Saltren's Cottages, Torrington, 550
Sampford Courtenay, 695
Sampford Peverell, Tiverton, 696
Sampford Spiney, Horrabridge, 697
Sandford (East & West), Crediton, 697
Sandygate, Newton Abbot, 517
Satterleigh, South Molton, 699
Saunton, Barnstaple, 176
Scoriton, Buckfastleigh, 194
Seaton, Axminster, 699
Seed, Sidmouth, 695
Sessaeott, Brandis Corner, 844
Shadycombe, Kingsbridge, 536
Shaldon, Teignmouth, 691
Shallowford, South Molton, 720
Shapcombe, Honiton, 529
Shapwick, Axminster, 116
Shattern, Dawlish, 264
Shaugh, Honiton, 529
Shaugh Prior, Eoborough, 701
Shebbear, Highampton, 702
Shebbear Hundred, 95
Sheepham, Modbury, 546
Sheepstor, Horrabridge, 703
Sheepwash, Highampton, 703
Sheldon, Honiton, 704
Sheplegh-Bow, Totnes, 163
Sherford, Frogmoor, 704
Sherwell (or Sherwill), Barnstaple, 70$
Sherwell Cross and Village, Barn-
staple, 705
Sherwill Hundred, 95
Sherwood (or Sherwood Villa), Exeter,
705
Shesborough, Ilfracombe, 554
Shillingford, Tiverton, 123
Shillingford (Lower), Exeter, 439
Shillingford St. George, Exeter, 705
Shiphay, Torquay, 686
Shipstor, Horrabridge, 703
Shipwash, Highampton, 703
Shobrooke, Crediton, 706
Shute, Axminster, 706
Sid, Sidmouth, 695
Sidbury, Sidmouth, 707
Sidford, Sidmouth, 707, 708
Sidmouth, 708
Sigford, Newton Abbot. 499
Silverhill, Kingsbridge, 718
Silver (Little), Exeter, 439
Silver (Little), South Molton, 538
Silver (Little), Tiverton, 206
Silverton, Cullompton, 714
Sitcott, Launceston, 684
Slade, South Molton, 842
Slade, Hfracombe, 492
^Slapton, Kingsbridge, 715
' Slewton, Exeter, 846
Index of Palaces.
I j^loncombe, Moretonhampstead, 552
i Sraallacombe, Newton Abbot, 500
j •jmallbrooke. Exeter, 568
:^mallridge, Axminstor, 116
Smithincott, Cullorapton, 829
Sorley, Kingsbridge, 840
•^oui-ron, Bridestowe, 716
j-^outh Allington, Kingsbridge, 214
South Bovey, Newton Abbot, 166
'South Brent, Ivybridge, 717
! South Cheriton, Dunsford, 211
iSouthcott. Bideford, 844
I Southerleigh, Bridestowe, 716
iSoutherton, Ottery St. Mary, 466
j South Filham, Ivybridge, 831
^ South Hams, 51
South Hele, Chulmleigh, 473
Southill, Cullompton, 506
South Huish, Kingsbridge, 718
LSouth Leigh, Honiton, 719
[South Milton, Kingsbridge, 719
j South Molton, 719
I South Molton Hundred, 95
{South Pool, Kingsbridge, 726
South Sydenham, Tavistock, 751
I South Tawton, Okehampton, 727
[ South Town, Exeter, 508
South Whilborough,Ne wton Abbot,5 1 5
South Won ford, Exeter, 319
South Zeal, Okehampton, 727
Sowden, Exeter, 533
Sowton, Exeter, 728
Sparkwell, Totnes, 730
SparkAvell, Plympton St. Mary, 665
Splatz, Winkleigh, 192
Spreyton, Bow, 729
Spriddlestone, Plympton, 188
Sprytown, Lew Down, 748
Staddiscombe, Plymouth, 670
Staddon, Hols worthy, 479
Stag's Head, South Molton, 720
Stanborough Hundred, 96
Stanton (Church), Honiton, 220
Staplake, Exeter, 508
Staple, Totnes, 254
Staplecross,Wellington (Somerset), 475
Staple Vale, Great Torrington, 456
Stapley, Honiton, 221
Starcross, Exeter, 729
Staunton (Church), Honiton, 220
Staverton, Totnes, 730
Stenhall. Cullompton, 829
Stibb Cross, Torrington, 522
Sticklepath, Okehampton, 695
Stockland, Honiton, 731
Stockleigh English, Crediton, 732
Stockleigh Ponieroy, Crediton, 732
Stoke, Bideford, 467
Stoke, Ashburton, 478
Stoke Canon, Exeter, 732
Stoke Damerel, Devonport, 269, 600 ;
Directory, 294
Stokefleming, Dartmouth, 733
Stoke Gabriel, Totnes, 734
Stoke Eivers, Barnstaple, 737
Stokeinteignhead, Teignmputh, 735
Stokeleigh Pomeroy, Creditbn, 732
Stokenham (or Stockingham), Kings-
bridge, 736
Stonecombe, Barnstaple, 311
Stonecross, Barnstaple, 101
Stonehouse (East), 600, 738
Stonyford, Ottery St. Mary, 229
Stoodleigh, South Molton, 842
Stoodleigh, Tiverton, 748
Stowe St. Mary, Lew Down, 541
Stowford, Chulmleigh, 47o
Stowford, Lew Down, 748
Stowford, Ottery St. Mary, 229 "
Stowford (West), Barnstaple, 750
Stowford, Torrington, 522
Stow St. Giles, Torrington, 685
Stow St. Petrock, Beaford, 598
Strechford, Totnes, 730
Street, Dartmouth, 163, 165
Strete Raleigh, Exeter, 846
Studley, Tiverton, 748
Summerstown, Lifton, 464
Sutcombe, Holsworthy, 749
Sutton, Kingsbridge, 719
Swimbridge (or Swymbridge), B, 750
Sydenham Damarel (or South),
Tavistock, 751
Taddiport, Great Torrington, 526
Talaton (or Tallaton), Ottery St.
Mary, 751
Tale, Exeter, 596
Taleford, Ottery St. Mary, 585
Talewater, Ottery St. Mary, 751
Tamerton Foliot (or Foliott), Ply-
mouth, 752
Tamerton (King's), Plymouth, 683
Tavistock, 753
Tavistock Hundred, 96
Tavy (St. Mary), Tavistock, 763
Tavy (St. Peter), Tavistock, 764
Taw Green, Okehampton, 727
Tawstock, Barnstaple, 764
Tawton (Bishop's), Barnstaple, 161
Tawton (North), 577
Tawton (North) Hundred, 94
Tawton (South), Okehampton, 727
Tedburn St. Mary, Exeter, 765
Teignbridge Hundred, 97
Teign (Canon), Dunsford, 215
Teigncombe, Chagford, 208
Teigngrace, Newton Abbot, 766
Teignholt, Chagford, 305
Teignmouth (East & West), 767 "
Teignton (Bishop's), Teignmouth, 162
Teignton (King's or Regis), Newton
Abbot, 516
Templeton, Tiverton, 775
Tetcott, Holsworthy, 775
Thelbridge, Morchard Bishop, 776
Thomas the Apostle (St.), Exeter, 320
Thornbury, Brandis Corner, 776
Thornhill Head, Bideford, 197
Thorverton, Cullompton, 776
Thriverden, Brandis Corner, 844
Throwleigh (or Throwley), Okehamp-
ton, 777
Thrushelton (or Thurshelton), Lew-
Down, 779
Thurlestone, Kingsbridge, 778
Tidcombe, Tiverton, 779
Tideford, Totnes, 240
Tinney, Lifton, 524
Tipton, Ottery St. Mary, 585
Tithacot, Bideford, 197
Tiverton, 779
Tiverton Hundred, 97
Topsham. Exeter, 792
Torbay, 182
Torbrian (or Torbryan), Newton Abbot,
796
Torcross, Kingsbridge, 736
Tor (Lower), Ashburton, 849
Tormoham (or Tormohun), T, 796
Torquay, 796
Torr, Ivybridge, 239
Torr, Ivybridge, 567
Torrington (Black), Highampton, 165
Torrington (Black) Hundred, 87
Torrington (Great), 456
Torrington (Little), Gt. Torringtn, 526
Totleigh, Highampton, 165
Totnes, 819
Townbridge, Chulmleigh, 205
Townstall, Dartmouth, 255
Trentishoe, Barnstaple, 828
Triccombe, Honiton, 573
Trill, Axminster, 116
Trusham, Bovey Tracey, 828
Tuckenhay, Totnes, 111, 240
Tuckingmill, Bow, 862
Turnchapel, Plymouth, 670
Twitchen, Bideford, 197
Twitchen, South Molton, 828
Two Bridges, Horrabridge, 675
Uffculme, Cullompton, 829
Ugborough, Ivybridge, 831
Underwood, Plympton St. Mary, 665
Upcott, Beaford, 143
Upcott, Dolton, 304
Upcott, Exeter, 765
Upcott, South Molton, 574
Upcott, Wellington (Somerset), 253
Up Exe, Exeter, 679
Uphay, Axminster, 116
Uplowman (or Uploman),Tiverton, 832
Uplyme, Lyme Regis, 833
Upottery (or Up Ottery), Honiton, 833
Upper Brixham, Brixham, 181
Upton, Exeter, 596
Upton, Kingsbridge, 719
Upton, Torquay, 796
Upton Helions (or Hellions), Crediton,
834
Upton Pyne, Exeter, 835
Uton, Crediton, 242
Vaultersholme (now in Cornwall), 536
Venbridge, Exeter, 508
Venn, Barnstaple, 521
Venn, Kingsbridge, 221
Venn Ottery, Ottery St. Mary, 835
Venton, Plympton St. Mary, 665
Venton, Totnes, 254
Virginstowe (or Virginstow),' Laun-
ceston, 835
Waddon, Newton Abbot, 216
Walkhampton, Horrabridge, 836
Walscott, South Molton, 574
Warcombe, Ilfracombe, 492
Warfleet, Dartmouth, 255
Warkleigh (or Warkley), S.Molton, 836
Warmhill, Bovey Tracey, 472
Washbourne, Totnes, 111, 463
Washfield, Tiverton, 837
Washford Pyne, Puddington, 837
Watchcombe, Axminster, 231
Watcombe, Torquay, 686
Water, Moretonhampstead, 537
Watergate, Bridestowe, 179
Waterhead, Kingsbridge, and Ivy-
bridge, 114
Waterleet, Ivybridge, 239
Watermouth Cove, 146
Watton, Totnes, 734
Way, Tiverton, 250
Waytown, Totnes, 191
Wear Giflford, Bideford, 838
Indox: of Places.
Weaver, CuUompton, 250
Wedfield, Brandis Corner, 844
Week, Axminster, 116
Week, Chulmleigh, 205
Week, Okohampton, 727
Week, Torrington, 522
Week St. German's, Bratton Clovelly,
454
Week St. Pancras. Ilolsworthy, 694
Week (West), Lifton, 524
Weeke (Great), Chagford, 208
Welcom])e, Stratton, 838
Welltown, Tiverton, 200
Werabury, Plymouth, 838
Wemb worthy, 839
Werrington, Launeeston, 839
West Alvington, Kingsbridgo, 840
West Anstey, Tiverton, 841
West Appledore, Appledore, 103
West Ashford, Barnstaple, 471
West Buckland, South Molton, 842
West Budleigh Hundred, 97
West Charleton, Kingsbridge, 210
West Chilla, Highampton, 165
West Combe, Barnstaple, 764
West Down, Ilfracombe, 843
West Hole, Torrington, 569
West Hooe, Plymouth, 670
West Leigh-Betsford, Totnes, 464
West Leigh, Bideford, 844
Westleigh, Wellington, 204
West Mere, Tiverton, 779
West Ogwell, Newton Abbot, 844
West Putford, Brandis Corner, 844
West Sanford, Exeter, 697
West Stowford, Barnstaple, 750
West Teignmouth, 767
West Town, Exeter, 508
West Water, Axminster, 116
West Week, Lifton, 524
West Wonford, Brandis Corner, 545
West Worlington, Morchard Bishop,
846
Westcott, Ottery St. Mary, 751
Westerland, Totnes, 539
Western Quarters, Tiverton, 462
Weston, Honiton, 115
Weston, Plympton, 860
Weston, Sidmouth, 174
Weston Mill, Plymouth & D'port, 597
Weston Poverell, Plymouth & Devon-
port, 597
Westward Ho ! Bideford, 845
Wcstwood, Exeter, 189
Westwood, Dawli.-jh, 229, 26 i
Weycroft, Axminster, 116
Whiddon Down, Okehampton, 727
Whilborough (North & South), New-
ton Abbot, 515
Whimple, Exeter, 846
Whipton, Exeter, 320
Whitbeare, Brandis Corner, 545
Whitchurch, Tavistock, 847
Whitestone, Exeter, 848
Whitford, Axminster, 706
Whitnage, Tiverton, 832
Whitston, Exbourne, 573
Whitstone, Exeter, 848
Whittley, Plymouth, 683
Wick, Totnes, 254
Widecombe (or Widdecombe) in-thc-
Moor, Ashburton, 849
Widworthy, Honiton, 850
Wiggaton, Ottery St. Mary, 585
Willand, CuUompton, 850
Willey, Sampford Courtenay, 695
Willincott, Hfracombe, 843
AVilliswell, Great Torrington, 538
Willsworthy, Tavistock, 764
Wilmington, Honiton, 579
Wilsworthy, Exeter, 508
Winkleigh, 851
Winkleigh Hundred, 97
Winscott, Exeter, 568
Winsham, Barnstaple, 176
Winstone, Plympton, 188
Wistman (or AViseman's) Wood, 49
Witheridge, 852
Witheridge Hundred, 97
Withleigh, Tiverton, 779
Withycombe Eawleigh (or Withe-
combe Eawleigh), Exmouth, 854
Wolborough, Newton Abbot, 556
Wolston Green, Totnes, 730
Wolverston, Honiton, 115
Wonford (East & West), Brandis
Corner, 545
Wonford (East & South), Exeter, 319
Wonford Hundred, 98
Wonton, Ivy bridge, 717
Woodbridge, Honiton, 449
Woodbury, l-'^xeter, 855
AVoodbury Saltcrton, Exeter, 855
Woodford, Totnes, 163
Woodgate, Bishop's Morchard, 150
Woodhuitih, Brixham, 181
Woodland, Ashburton, 857
Woodland, Newton Abbot, 502
Woodhmd Head, Crediton, 242
Woodlane, Bishop's Morchard, 159
Woodleigh, Mounts, 857
Woodmanton, Exeter, 855
Woodsdown, Hols worthy, 594
Wood town, Bideford, 102
"Woolfardisworthy (or Woolsery),
Bideford, 858
Woolfardisworthy (or Woolsery),
Crediton, 859
Woolleigh, Beaford, 143
Woolston, I^jngsbridge, 840
Worlington (East), Morchard Bishop,
312
Worlington (West), Morchard Bishop,
8i6
Wormhill, Morotonhampstead, 571
Wrafton, Barnstaple, 471
Wrangaton, Ivybridge, 831
Wyke, Axminster, 116
Wyke St. Maiy, Chagford, 208
Yalberton, Paignton, 590
Yarcombe, Chard, 859
Yard, South Molton, 682
Yardbury, Axminster, 232
Yarnscombe, Barnstaple, 860
Yartcombe, Chard, 859
Yarty, Chard, 543
Yealm Bridge, Plympton, 860
Yealmpton, Plympton, 860
Yeatson, Totnes, 111
Yedbury, Tiverton, 250
Yellowford, CuUompton, 777
Yeo, Plympton, 860
Yeoford, Crediton, 242
Yeolmbridge, Launeeston, 840
Yettingham, Budleigh Salterton, 149
Yoldford, CuUompton, 777
Youlston, Holsworthy, 172
Zeal Monachorum, Bow, 862
Zeal (South), Okehampton, 727
GENEEAL INDEX OF SUBJECTS
{See also the following Indexes for Exeter and Plyitiouth, ^-c.)
Abbeys, 117, 195, 199, 306,
467, 534, 581, 611, 754,
797-8
Acland Family, 521
Acland, Sir T.D., Bart. 189
Acreage, 21, 22, 24, 27, 78
Adams, William, 592
Ages of the Population, 83
Agricultural Returns, 53
Agricultural Societies, 189,
484, 659, 685, 823, 853
Agriculture, 50
Alcock, Rev. Thomas, 684
Ancient British Roads, 41
Ancient Britons, 39, 537, 573
Ancient History, 39
Ancient Houses, 256,337,582
Annuitant Society, 722
Aquarium, 801
Archdeaconries, 31,339
Archery Clubs, 590, 616
Area, 21, 22, 24, 27, 78
Artillery, 357, 494, 693, 769
Ashburton, Barons, 107
Aspect, 50
Assessments, 25
Asylums, 356, 440, 669, 730
Athelstane, 114,117,125,322
Awful Visitation, 849
Babington, Bishop, 586
Badcock, Rev. Saml. 129, 723
Baker, Rev. Thomas, 160
Bampfield, Grace, 599
Bampfylde, Sir John, 673
Bampton, John de, 123
Band of Hope, 592
Bankruptcy Courts, 30, 333,
740
Baring, Alexander, 107
Baronets, 48
Baronies, 43
Barracks, 273, 302, 326, 547,
603, 738-9
Barrows, 313, 505
Bartlett, Revds. Walter and
John, 152
Bassett Family, 146
Bastard, B. J. P,, Esq. 861
Bathing Places, 17, 201, 266,
264, 440, 453, 491, 534,
590, 691, 699 708, 736,
767, 796
Greiieral Index oF Sulyects.
Battles, 117, 123,599
Bayley, W. R., Esq. 707
Beacons, 253, 605, 748
Beare, Justice, 201
Becky Falls, 537
Bedford, Duke of, 545, 754
Beer Stone, 699
Benefit Societies, 469, 484,
710
Benevolent Institutions, 130,
132, 229, 265, 355, 362,
616, 710, 722, 757, 802
I Berry, Sir John, 519
Bible Christian College, 702
Bidder, George, 553
Birds, 718
Births, 84
Bishops, 244, 338, 720, 752
Bishop's 'Palaces, 161, 216,
243, 343, 590
Blachford, Lord, 239
Blundell, Peter, 787
Bogan, Zachary, 526
Boroughs, 21, 22, 27, 78,
125, 144, 150, 170, 218,
231, 243, 256, 269, 270,
317, 456, 483, 492, 531,
546, 581. 601, 606, G69,
709, 720, 727, 754, 821,
853, 861
Botany, 54
Boundaries, 17
Bowen, Captain Richard, 493
Bowerman's Nose, 537
Bracton, Henry de, 174
Bray, Mrs, 757
Breakwaters, 182, 604
Bridges. 50, 115, 150, 167,
321, 503, 531, 568, 569,
605, 683, 691, 720, 738,
768, 786, 819, 829
British Entrenchments, 206,
552, 707, 855
British Pottery, 125
British Seamen's Orphan
Home, 183
Britons, 39
Browne, William, 757
Buck, L. AV., Esq. 150
Buckland, Dean, 118
Building Societies, 132, 357,
459, 741
Buller, Judge, 723
Bulteel, Lady, 476
Burgess, Captain, R.N. 794
Burial Boards, 118, 130,459,
511, 693, 710, 769, 793
Byng, Baron, 456
Cabbages (Paignton), 590
Canals, 20, 216, 329-30, 479,
516, 557, 753, 779, 792
Can n, Abraham, 230
Cantelupe, Thomas de, 191
Capern, Edward, 787
Carboniferous System, 63
Carew, Bampfylde Moore,
149
Carew Family, 461
Carew, Lady, 678
Carew, Sir W. P. 461
Carpenter, Nathaniel, 833
Carpet Manufacture, 36, 116
Cary,R.S.S., Esq.798
Cagtles, 47, 123, 125, 147,
175, 195, 206, 218, 256,
322, 323, 327, 328, 333,
4n, 455, 456, 472, 518,
529, 531, 539, 552, 580,
596,669,674-5,692,696,
78U, 819, 820, 851, 855
Cathedrals, 243, 325, 339,
613
Cattle, 549, 574
Caverns, 72, 216, 567, 686,
730, 798, 861
Chalybeate Springs, 77, 123
Champernowne, A., Esq. 254
Champernowne, Sir Richard,
546
Chappie, William, 853
Charities, 30
Charles L 171, 557, 602
Charters, 116,125.150, 167,
170, 204, 256, 331, 456,
483. 552, 557, 558, 581,
585, 601, 602. 720, 721,
756, 767, 781^ 821, 851
Cherry Orchards, 456
Cholera, 21, 603, 679
Chudlcigh, Sir George, 113
Chudleigh Rock, 216
Chulmleigh, Seven Prebends
of, 219
Churchill, John, boo
Churston, Lord, 222
Cider, 53, 144, 195, 240,
590, 718, 730
Civil Condition of the Po-
pulation, 83
Civil Wars, 42, 125, 167,
171, 189, 207, 215, 227,
231,257,323-5,457,492,
580, 585, 602, 669, 670,
675, 683, 692, 728, 756,
780, 793
Clarence, Duke of, 182
Clevland, Archibald, Esq.,
844
CliiFord Family, 216
Climate, 20, 441, 797
Clinton, Lord, 488
Clothing Clubs, 303, 802
Coal, 213
Coast Guard Stations, 174,
183, 201, 214, 264, 442.
590, 673, 680, 691, 692,
709, 718, 739, 768
Coffin Family, 102
Coham Family, 165
Coleridge, Rt. Hon. Sir J,
T. 787
Coleridge, Samuel T. 585
Commerce, 36
Conduits, 105, 334, 336, 546
Convalescent Homes, 553,
802
Copleston, Bishop, 579
Copper Mines, 75
Corporations. 126, 150, 170,
256,270,331,456,606-7,
669, 720, 781, 821
Cottage Garden Societies,
494, 560, 793
Cottage Hospitals, 107, 167,
219, 265, 560
County Asylum, 440
Coimty Courts, 30, 1 17, 127,
, 152, 243, 332, 457, 480,
484, 510, 558, 581, 610,
, 721, 740, 755, 782, 822,
851
County Divisions, 21
County Proper, 24, 82
Courtenay Family, 48, 675
Court Leets and 13aron, 105,
114, 123, 160, 170, 242,
467, 479, 483, 508, 510,
546, 552, 558, 575, 585,
678, 720, 754, 767, 853
Cowell, Dr. 750
Creeks, 20
Cretaceous Series, 69.
Cricket Clubs, 442, 560, 710
Cricket Grounds, 201, 797
Cromlechs, 40, 305, 552, 555
Curious Custom, 517
Danes, 42
Danish Encampments, 176,
195
Dartmoor Forest, 49
Dartmoor Prison, 676
Dartmouth, P^arl o*", 257
Davie, Sir H. R. F., Bart, 697
Davis, Captain John, 735
Deaneries, 31
Deaths, 84
Devon, Earls of, 47, 675
Devonian Period, 60
Dispensaries, 131, 153, 217,
265, 276, 355, 442, 616,
617, 710, 757, 769, 801
Distribution of Population,
78
Divett, Edward, Esq. 229
Divisions, 21, 26, 28, 30,
31, 35
Dolde, John, 172
Docks, 272, 442, 605-6,
666, 739
Doddridge, Sir John, 130
Domesday Book, 43
Down, Abraham & Benj. 154
Dowrich Family, 697-8
Drainage, 493, 740, 799
Drake, Sir Francis, 199, 601,
757, 859
Drake, Sir F. G. A. F. E.,
Bart. 855, 859
Druidical Remains, 40, 146,
175, 305, 630, 637, 552,
555, 572
Druids, 40, 49
Duckworth, Sir J. T. B.,
Bart. 793
Dukes, 47
Dunning, John, Esq. 107
Duntze, Sir J. L., Bart. 729
Earls, 47
Earthenware Manufacture,
167, 451, 610
Ecclesiastical Divisions, 31
Echo, 227
Education, 37, 85
Egremont, Earl of, 714
Electors, 21
Elton, Sir E. M. 850
Emigration, 753
Encroachments of the Sea,
163
Entrenchments, 228, 240,
463, 527, 552, 596, 673,
699, 707, 737, 855
Exmouth, Viscount, 215, 441
Expenditure, 25, 29
Extra-Parochial Places, 23
Fair Water, 517
Fairfiix, General, 105, 125
Fairs (List of), 13
Farmers' Clubs, 130
Farrington, Sir H. A. 585
Fires, 36, 171, 189,195,216,
219, 244, 250. 272, 469,
482, 585, 703, 714, 733,
780
Fisheries, 37, 114, 116, 125,
158, 182, 201, 228, 533,
534, 567, 568, 609, 679,
692, 700, 709, 736, 767,
778, 792, 820
Fitzralph, Richard, 849
Flavel, Rev. John, 257
Flax Manufacture, 36, 116 '
Flint Quarry, 831
Floating Bridges, 256, 273
Floods, 100, 321
FoUett, Sir W. W. 794
Ford, John, 500
Foresters, 190
Forests, 49
Forster, Dr. Nathaniel, 670
Fortescue, Earl, 450
Fortescue, Sir Henry, 308
Forts, &c. 150, 182, 194,
270, 313, 441, 518, 547,
596, 601, 603, 604, 670,
738, 740
Fox Covers, 475, 846
Freemasons, 130, 184, 244,
265, 442, 494, 511, 560,
592, 617, 711, 722, 740,
758,769,785,794,802,823
French Invasions, 256, 529,
601, 738, 767, 855
Friendly Societies, 130. 184,
190, 229, 244, 484,559,
617, 680, 710, 780, 794,
802
Fulford Family, 307
Furneaux, Dr.*^ Philip, 823
Gaols, 127, 150, 274, 333,
608, 676, 721, 736, 782
Gates, Sir Thomas, 231
Gay (poet), 130, 132
Geology, 58
Gifford, AVilliam, Esq. 107
Gilbert, Sir Humphfey, 539
Glanville, Judge & Sir
John, 757
Gold Mines, 574
Golf Club. 570
Gorham, Rev. G. C, 173
Granite, 65, 500, 557
Graves, Admiral S. 596
Grenville, Sir Richard, 153,
199
Hammer, Rev. Jonathn. 129
Hankford, Sir Wm. 204, 550
Harbours, 257, 271, 492,
529, 534, 605, 692, 709,
767, 797
Harding, Dr. Thos. 130, 235
Harris Family. 453
Harris, Rev. William, 482
Haytor Granite Works, 500
Heie, Sir John, 839
Ifervey, Rev. James, 152
xvi
Greiiei*al Index of" ^ulttjects.
Highway Boards, 18, 105,
117, 469,610, 524
Highway Districts, 29
History, 39
Holno Chaso, 478
Hopkins, Bishop, 697
Horticultural Societies, 244,
364, 451, 560, 617, 793
Hospitals, 587, 616, 739, 801
Hounds, 315, 780
Hountor, 537
House of Mercy, 167
Houses,18, 21,22, 24,27,82
Hubba Stone, 103
Hundred Court, 469, 736
Hundreds, 22, 23, 87
Industrial Schools, 440, 508
Infirmaries, 131, 153, 276,
355, 739, 769, 801
Ireland, Dr. John, 107
Iron Ore, 76, 182, 472
Jeffries, Judge, 631
Jewel, Bishop, 130, 132, 147
Judge's Seat, 39
Judicial Statistics, 29
Kelly's College, 757
Kempthorn Sir John, 831
Kennaway, Sir John, Bart.
751
Kennicott, Dr. 823
Kent's Hole, or Cavern, 72,
686, 798
King, Mr. Eichard, 547
Kingsley, Eev. Charles,
478, 845
Kinsale, Lord, 536
Kitt's Hole, 531
Knight-Bruce, Kt. Hon. Sir
J. 177
Labyrinth, 479
Lace Manufacture, 36, 174,
329, 442, 482, 568, 584,
700, 709, 780, 855
Landholders, 54
Land Slips, 74, 121, 700
Land Societies, 132, 493
Lawrence, Gen. Stringer,306
Leach, Sir S. 206
Lear, Sir Peter, 162
Ley, Eev. Edward, 823
Lias, 69
Libraries, 106, 115, 130,
144, 153, 201, 217, 244,
276,310,353-4,452,469,
501, 547, 615, 667, 685,
710, 711,722,754,756-7,
783, 785, 793, 801, 822,
842
Lieutenancy Sub-Divisions,
30
Lighthouses, 176, 494, 529,
555, 736, 768
Lifeboats, 265, 442, 555,
567, 670, 692, 709, 768
Lime Eock Quarries, 305,
475, 567, 580, 749
Limestone, 64, 305
Limestone Caverns, 72,567,
686, 730, 798, 861
Literary Institutions, 130,
201, 244, 469, 484, 524,
547, 553, 559, 582, 615,
710, 769, 785
Local Board Districts, 31, 80
Logan Stone, 305, 630, 552
Longevity, 100, 172, 240,
484, 552, 768
Loosemore John, 160
Lopes, Sir L. M., M.P. 752
Lunatic Asylums, 356, 440,
669, 730
Lundy Island, 529
Lyte, Eev. John 0. 184
Mackerel, 37, 609
Magistrates (List of), 6
Manton, Thomas, 232
Manufactures, 36
Marbl e Manufacture ,686
Market Towns, 103, 104,
116, 123, 125, 144, 150,
168, 181, 207, 218, 231,
242, 250, 255, 273, 330,
440, 456, 468, 479, 482,
491, 509, 546, 552, 556,
577, 581, 585, 610, 692,
708, 719, 753, 779, 792,
796, 819, 829
Marlborough, Duke of, 555
Marriages, 83
Mayne, Eev. Jasper, D.D.
469
Means of Communication, 18
Measures of Land, 43
Mechanics' Institutes, &c.
276, 452, 659, 615, 710,
722, 757, 769
Members of Parliament, 6,
21, 126, 332, 754, 782
Metamorphic Eocks, 60
Meteoric Stone, 315
Mineral Springs, 77
Mines and Mining, 75, 144,
182, 215, 234, 268, 303,
472, 500, 523, 627, 537,
649, 668, 671, 574, 720,
753, 763, 847
Miocene Deposits, 70
'Miracles,' 192
Mission to Seamen, 183
Monasteries, 598, 611, 665
Monk, General, 456, 521 , 543
Morley, Earl of, 666
Morris, Lieut.-Col., C.B.469
Mount Edgcumbe, Earl of,
636
Muden, Dr. Peter, 205
Municipal Boroughs, 22, 78,
125, 150, 170, 256, 269,
270, 317, 456, 483, 581,
606, 720, 781, 821
Municipal Eeform Act, 22
Musical Societies, 354, 484,
493
Mutual Improvement So-
cieties, 586, 793
Napoleon, 603
Naval Station, 125
Navigable Elvers, 20
Nelson, Lord, 525
Newcomeu, Thomas, 256
Newman, Sir Lydstone,
Bart. 537
News Eooms, 153, 276, 569,
567, 615
Nobility, 48
Norman Conquest, 42
Northcote, Et. Hon. Sir S.
H., Bart., C.B, 835
Obelisk, 537
Occupations, 26
Odd Fellows, 469, 494, 740.
758, 786
Ore, 75, 234, 500, 596
Owl's Combe, 115
Oxenham Family, 727
Oyster Beds, 37, 567
Palk, SirLawronce,Bart.505
Paper Manufacture, 189
Parishes, 23
Parks, 130, 244
Parliamentary Boroughs, 21,
78, 125, 144, 160, 170,
256, 269, 317, 456, 483,
546, 581, 601, 606, 669,
720, 754, 781, 821
Parliamentary Divisions, 21
Parliamentary Eepresenta-
tives, 21, 126,332,754,782
Pauperism, 25, 86
Peat, 49, 180
Pellew, Sir Edward, 441
Penrose, John, 452
Perring, Sir John & Eev. Sir
Philip, 476
Peters, Hugh, 457
Petitor, 686
Petty Sessional Divisions, 26
Petty Sessions, 117,127,170,
183, 211, 219, 222, 232,
243, 251, 264, 334, 457,
469, 480, 484, 610, 524,
547, 552, 558, 577, 685,
690, 666, 709, 721, 740,
756, 768, 782, 799, 822,
855, 861
Piers, 121, 182, 467, 492,
590, 605, 670, 699, 709,
710, 768, 845
Pinder, Peter, 302
Plague, 152, 327, 457, 602-3
Philanthropic Society, 758
Pole, Sir William, 706
Police Divisions, 28
Police Force, 28
Polling Places, 21
Polo, 690
Poltimore, Lord, 673
Pomeroy Family, 147
Poor Law, 23
Population, 18, 21, 22, 24,
27,78
Ports, 128, 151, 329, 609,
767, 792, 796
Portsmouth, Earl of, 839
Post Offices, &c. 36
Post-Tertiary Deposits, 71
Potters' Clay, 616, 701
Pottery, 560
Prideaux, Sir Edmund, 449
Prince of Orange, 182, 326,
557
Prince, Eev. John, 118
Printing Press, 754
Priories, 125, 191, 240, 335,
336, 452, 502, 546, 559,
584. 698, 665, 687
Prisons, 127, 150, 274, 333,
608, 676, 721, 736, 782
Proportion of the Sexes, 78
Proprietary College, 659
Provident Institutions, 184,
356, 659, 722
Public Officers (List of), 6
Eaces, 603, 606, 666, 673,
768, 780, 820
Eailways, 18, 105, 125, 143,
165, 170, 182, 201, 216,
242, 366, 451, 478, 479,
492, 509, 531, 567, 574,
600, 676, 709, 754, 764,
776, 779, 829
Eain Gauge, 718
Eaised Beaches, 73
Ealeigh, Sir Walter, 239,
310, 585
Eateable Value, 24, 25, 30
Eates, 29
Eats, Isle of, 529
Eattenbury, Jack, 700
Eeading Eooms, 116, 130,
146, 171, 189, 195, 201,
217, 228, 244, 310, 493,
528, 534, 653, 667, 687,
615, 686, 710, 711, 722,
793, 801, 842
Eebellions,227,244, 695,780
Eecreation Grounds, 1 30,
682, 710, 797
Eeformatories, 173, 356
Eegattas, 256, 264, 270, 606,
729, 736, 768, 801
Eegistration County and
Districts, 23, 82
Eelative Ages, 26
Eental, 25
Eeynell, Eev. Edward, 312
Eeynolds, John & Thos. 599
Eeynolds, Sir Joshua, 669
Eeynolds, Eev. Eichard, 733
Eidgway Family, 163
Eifle Volunteers, 132, 357,
560, 617
Eisdon, Tristram, 685
Eivers, 19, 580, 696, 753
Eoads, 18
Eocking Stone, 305
Eogers, Sir F. L. 239
Eolle, Dennis, Esq. 150
Eolle, Lord & Lady, 149-50
Eomau Coins, &c. 41, 241,
322, 501, 505, 615
Eoman Encampments and
Fortifications, 116, 172,
240, 241
Eoman Eoads, 41, 146, 321,
322, 554, 820
Eomans, 41
Eoman Stations, 41, 321,
596, 699
Eoyal Albert Bridge, 683
Eural Deaneries, 31
Sailors' Home, 268
St. Boniface, 244
St. Brannock, 176
St. Simon, 769
Salkeld, John, 221
Sanatorium, 846
Sanitary Organisation, 85
Savings Banks, 251, 276,367,
591, 617, 722, 767, 794
Saxons, 42
School Boards, 37, 86
Scott, Sir Walter, 175
Seale, Sir H. P. 256
Sea Walls, 709, 797
Serge Manufacture, 36, 105,
Greneral Index of Sult^ects.
1
160, 195, 207, 244, 482,
677, 581, 720
Seven Prebends of Chiilm-
leigh, 219
Shebbeare, Dr John, 153
Ship-building, 128, 151, 302,
670, 610, 792
Shipping Afjsociation, 692
Shipwrecked Fishermen's &
Mariners' Societies, 442,
693, 802
Sidmoutb, Viscount, 709, 833
Silk Manufacture, 36, 221,
585
Silke, Eev. James, 199
Skating Kinks, 616, 797, 801
Slate Quarries, 201,240,730
Smith, Mr. Eobert, 494
Smuggling, 494, 700, 718
Soil, 50
Somerset, Duke of, 147, 766
Springs, 77, 100, 182, 494,
517, 678
Stannary Parliaments, 39,
207, 531
Stapledon, Bishop, 550
Statues, 131, 321, 333, 336,
05, 603, 609, 754
Stedman, Major John G.
149
Stone Cross, 174
Strange, John, 152
Strode, Sir Kiclmrd, 40
Submarine Forests, 73
Surface, 50
Temperance Society, 452
Temperature, 20
Tesselated Pavements, 322,
833
Thurlestone Rock, 778
Torbay, 182, 796
Torrington, Viscount, 456
Tougood, Micuiah, 349, 553
Towns, 23, 82
Townships, 23
Tracey, Sir William, 555
Trades Directory, 863
Tradition of the Oxenham
Family, 727
Training Ships, 255
Tramways, 18, 204, 289, 500,
574. 664, 820
Trees, Eemarkable, 144, 542,
553, 597, 729, 841
Trelawny, Sir Harry, 683
Tremayne, Thomas, Esq. 520
Triassic Series, 67
Tucker, Mrs. Mary, 173
Tumuli, 313, 505, 840
Turnpike Trusts, 18, 29
Tything, 23
Union County, 24
Unions, 23, 24
Urban Sanitary Districts,
31
Vaccination, 25
Valley of Rocks, 534
Vital Statistics, 78
Volunteers, 132, 327, 357,
494, 560, 602, 617, 693,
756, 769, 793
Voters, 21, 331. 483,606-7,
754, 781, 821
Walrond, Sir J. W., Bart. 829
War Prison, 676
Waterfalls, 308, 505, 531,
537
Wellington Monument, 224
Wells, 100, 158, 469, 494,
547
Wesley, John, 784
Westcote, Thomas, 706
White Ale, 257, 302, 509
Wichehalse Family, 534
Wilkins, John, 232
William III. 182
William the Conqueror, 43
Williams Family, 228
j Williams, Sir F. M., Bait.
471
Wilson, Rev. Henry, 198
I Wistman (or AViseman's^
I Wood, 49
j Woods, 268, 466
I Woollen Manufacture, 36,
I 105, 123, 128, 160, 171,
195, 216, 232, 244, 250,
328, 457, 464, 469, 509,
546, 552, 577, 581. 585,
598, 696, 720, 753, 780,
I 820, 829
j Working Men's Institutes,
i 258, 265, 785, 793, 847
Worsted Manufacture, 829
Wrey, Sir B. P., Bart. 764
AVyait, Sir John, 843
Wyot, Philip, 132
Yacht Clubs. 518, 616, 801
Yeomanry Cavalry, 132, 357
Yonge Family, 232
Y^oung (poet), 154
EXETEE INDEX OF SUBJECTS,
Acreage, 317, 319
Additional Curates Soc. 349
Albert Memorial Museum,
353
Alfred the Great, 322
Almshouses, 336, 338, 358
Ancient History, 321
Ancient Houses, 337
Annuity Society, 357
Archdeaconries, 31,339
Architectural Society, 349
Area, 317, 319
Artillery, 357
Assembly Rooms, 354
Assize Hall, 333
Assizes, &e. 334
Asylum, 356
Athelstane, 322
Athenaeum, 354
Bankruptcy Court, 333
Barracks, 326
Basin, 330
Bedford House, 335
Benefices, 339
BenevolentSocieties,355,362
Bishops, 338
Bishop's Palace, 343
Blind Institution, 353
Blue School, 349
Bodley, Sir Thomas, 365
Botanical and Horticultural
Society, 354
Bridges, 321
British Schools, 352
Britons, 321
Building Society, 357
Bury Meadows, 321
Canal, 329-30
Canons, 344
Carriers, 439
Castles, 322, 323, 327, 328,
333
Castle Yard, 317
Cathedral, 325, 339
Cathedral Library, 354
Catholic Chapel, 349
I Cattle Market, 331
I Cemetery, 349
I Chamber of Agriculture, 334
{ Chamber of Commerce, 334
I Chapels, 349
j Charities, 358
I Charity Schools, 351
i Charity Trustees, 358, 360
I Charters, 331
I Cholera, 327
! Church Building Assoc. 349
j Church Endowment Fund,
i 349
Churches, 344
City, 320
City Council, 332
City Magistrates, 332
City Prison, 333
Civil Wars, 323, 324, 325
Close, 343
Commerce, 329
Conduits, 334, 386
Corn Exchange, 331
Corporation, 331
Corporation of the Poor, 318
County of the City, 331
County Court, 332
County Prison, 333
Courts, 331, 333
Custom House, 334
Customs, 330
Danes, 322
Danes' Castle, 328
Deaf and Dumb Institution,
352
Dean and Chapter, 339
Deaneries, 31
Devon and Exeter Hospital,
354
Devon and Exeter Institu-
tion, 354
Dignitaries of the Diocese,
344
Diocese, 337
Directory, 399
Dispensary, 355
Dorcas Societies, 362
Drainage, 327
East Wonford, 319
Ecclesiastical History, 335
Education, Board of, 352
Elementary Schools, 351
Eminent Men, 318, 320,
349, 365
Episcopal Schools, 351
Exe Bridge, 321
Exe Island, 324
Exeter, Farl and Marquis
of, 328
Eye Infirmary, 355
Fairs, 330
Female Reformatories, 356
Fishing, 321
Flood, 321
Foster Dr. John, 366
Free Church, 348
Free Cottages, 362
Free Library, 353
Freemen, 331
Friars' Walk, 321
Friary (Black & Grey), 335
Gas Works, 335
Gates, 320
Grammar School, 350
Guardians, 318, 319
Guild of Deyonshire
Ringers, 349
Guildhall, 333
Heavitree, 319
Hele's School, 351
High School, 351
History, 321, 335
Homoeopathic Dispensary,
355
Hospitals, 354
Hounds, 321
Houses, 317, 319
Humane Society, 355
Inland Revenue Office, 334
Insurance Co. 356
Iron Bridge, 321
Lace Manufacture, 329
Langton, Stephen, 365
Law Library, 354
Lepers' Hospital, 336
Libraries, 353, 354
Literary Societies, 354
Lunatic Asylum, 356
Lying-in Charity. 355
Magdalen Hospital, 359
Magistrates, 332
Manors, 320
a
Exeter Inclex: of* Sixl::^ <5cts.
Manufactures, 328
Markets, 320, 330
Marquis of Exeter, 328
Martyn, William, 305
Martyrs, 324
Medical Library, 354
Medico-Chirurgical Soc. 354
Members of Parliament, 332
Militia, 327, 357
Militia Camp, 320
Mints, 322, 328
Monastic Institutions, 335
Municipal J^orough, 317
Museum, 353
Musical Association, 35 4
National Schools, 352
Navigation, 316, 329
Newspapers, 354
Northernhay, 320
Nurseries, 354
Nurses' Training Instn. 356
Oratorio Society, 354
Orphanage, 356
Parishes, 317, 319
Parliamentary Borough, 317
Parliamentary Kepresenta-
tives, 332
Penitentiary, 356
Petty Sessions, 334
Pilots, 330
Plague, 327
riainworkers' Society, 357
Police, 332
Population, 317, 319
Port of Exeter, 329
Post Office, 366
Prebendaries, 344
Prince of Orange, 326
Priories, 335 6
Prisons, 333
Probate Court, 333
Provident Institutions, 356
Public Officers, 332
Public Walks, 320
Eagged Schools, 352
Railways, 316, 366, 439
Rateable Value, 317, 319
Reform Acts, 331
Reformation, 324
Reformatories, 356
Registrars, 318
Religious Institutions, 349
Revenue Officers, 334
Revolution, 326
Rifle Volunteers, 357
Riots, 327
Rivers, 329
Roman Catholic School, 352
Roman Coins & Remains,
322
Roman Roads & Stations,
321. 322
Romans, 321
Rougemont Castle, 327
Royal Visits, 327
Rural Deaneries, 31
St. John's Hospital, 349
St. Thomas the Apostle's,
320
St. Thomas' Union, 318
Sanitary Improvements, 327
Savings Bank, 357
Scholarships, 352
School Boards, 352
Schools, 349
Schools of Art & Science,
353
Servants' Homes, 352
Session^ House, 333
Sieges, 324
Situation, 316, 320
South Wonford, 319
Southcott, Joanna, 365
Sporting, 321
Stamp Office, 334
Statues, 321, 333, 336
Steam Packets, 330
Street Directory, 368
Subscription Rooms, 354
Suburbs, 320
Tailors' Company, 331
Tea Gardens, 321
Tessclated Pavements, 322
Theatre, 354
Town Council, 331
Trade, 329
Training Institution, 352
Unions, 318
Victoria Hall, 354
Volunteers, 327, 357
Voters, 331
Walls and Gates, 320
Wards, 332
Waterworks, 334
Wesleyan School, 352
West of England Insurance
Company, 356
Western Provident Associa-
tion, 356
Whipton, 320
William the Conqueror, 322
Witchcraft, 325
Witenagemote, 322
Wonford (East and South),
319
Wonford House, 356
Woollen Manufacture, 328
Workhouses, 318, 319
Worthies, 318, 320, 349, 365
Wynard's Hospital, 361
Yeomanry Cavalry, 357
PLYMOUTH, DBVONPOET, AND STONEHOUSE
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Abbey, 611
Acreage, 738
Acts for Paving, &c. 270
Admiral's House, 273
Albert Hall, 616
Almhouses, 617
Ancient History, 601
Area, 738
Archery Association, 616
Assembly Room, 274
Athenseum, 615
Bankruptcy Court, 740
Banks, 273, 610, 738
Barbican, 605
Barracks, 273, 603, 738, 739
Beacon, 605
Bell Turret, 616
Benevolent Institutions, 616
Bishop (Rom. Cath.), 613
Blind Association, 277
Blind Institution, 617
Blockhouse, 739
Board Schools, 276, 614,740
Bonding Warehouses, 273
Borough Magistrates, 271,
607
'BovoMghs :— Devo)iport, 269,
270; Plymouth, 601, 606
Breakwater, 604
Bridges, 605, 738
Building Society, 741
Bunker's Hill, 272
Cabp, 661
Carriers, 289, 664
Cathedral (Rom. Cath.), 613
Catwater, 605
Cemetery, 613
Chapels, 275, 613, 740
Charities, 277, 617
Charity School, 614
Charles I. 602
Charters, 601, 602
Cholera, 603
Churches, 274, 610, 740
Citadel, 603
Civil Wars, 602
Clock Tower, 616
Club, 615
Coastguard Station, 739
Column, 270
Commerce, 273
Convent, 615
Conveyance, 289, 294, 300,
664
Cook worthy, Mr. William,
610
Corporation of the Poor, 607
Corporations, 270, 606-7
Cotton, William, Esq. 615
Cottonian Library, 615
County Court, 610, 740
Creeks, 600
Cromwell, Oliver, 602
Custom House, 273, 609
Debating Society, 616
Devil's Point, 739 |
Devonport, 269
Devonport Column, 270
Directories : — Devowport,
278 ; Morice Town, 289 ;
Plymouth, 620 ; StoJce,
294; 8tonehousc, 741
Dispensaries, 276, 616, 617
Docks, 272, 605-6, 739
Dockyard, 272
Drainage, 740
Drake, Sir Erancis, 601
Drake's Island, 601, 604
Drill Hall, 617
Earthenware Manufacture,
610
East Stonehouse, 738
Eddystone Lighthouse, 605
Elocution Society, 615
Eminent Men, 611, 615,
618
Endowed School, 614
Exchange, 610
Excise Officers, 609
Exports, 609
Eye Infirmary, 616
Fairs, 273, 610
Female Home, 617
Female Orphan Asylum,
276, 616
Fire Brigade, 740
Fisheries, 609
Floating Bridge, 273
Ford, 294
Fortifications, 270, 601, 603,
604, 738, 740
Free Library, 615
Freemasons, 617, 740
Free Schools, 276, 614
French Invasions, 601, 738
Friaries, 611
Friendly Societies, 617
Gaols, 274, 608
Garrison, 604
Gas Works, 274, 610
George IIL 272
Government House, 273
Government Prison, 608
GovernmentSteam Yard, 273
Grammar School, 613
Great Western Docks, 605-6
Grey School, 614
Guardians, 607
Guildhall, 608
Gun Wharf, 273
Halls, 616, 740
Hamoaze, 271
Harbours, 271, 600, 605
Hele's and Lanyon's School,
614
High Schools, 276,614
Higher Stoke, 269, 270
History, 270, 601
Hoe (The), 604
Home for Aged and Infirm,
741
Horticultural Society, 617
Plynioiitli, Devonpoirt, a,iid Stoneliouse Index of Snt^ects.
Hospitals, 276,616, 739
Hotels, 273, 616
House of Mercy, 617
Household of Faith, 614
Houses, 606, 738
Imports, 609
Infirmaries, 616, 739
Inland Eevenue Office, 273,
609
King's Hill, 272
Laira, 605
Libraries, 276, 615
Lighthouses, 605
Literary Institutions, 615
Little Sisters of the Poor, 741
Lower Stoke, 269, 270
Lying-in Charity, 616
Magistrates, 271, 607
Manors, 270, 738
Manufactures, 610
Marketplace, 610
Markets, 273, 601, 610
Mechanics' Institution, 276,
615
Members of Parliament,
271, 607
Mendicity Society, 617
Mercantile Association, 276
Military Hospital, 739
Millbay, 605
Monasteries, 611
Morice Town, 269, 270
Mount Batten, 604
Mount Wise, 273
Municipal Boroughs, 269,
270, 606
Municipal Buildings, 608
Museums, 615
Napoleon, 603
National Schools, 615, 740
Natural History Soei ety, 615
Naval Hospital, 739
Newspapers, 615
NcwsKooms, 276, 615
Oddfellows, 740
Oil Gas Works, 610
Omnibuses, 289, 294, 300,
664
Orphans' Aid Hospital, 616
Parliamentary Boroughs,
269, 601, 606
Parliamentary Kepresenta-
tives, 271, 607
Penitentiaries, 617
Petty Sessions, 740
Piers, 605
Plague, 602, 603
Plymouth, 600
Plymouth Institution, 615
Police Courts, 609, 740
Population, 600, 606, 738
Porcelain Manufacture, 610
Port, 609
Post Offices, 274, 277, 289,
294, 619, 741
Priories, 611
Prisons, 274, 608
Provident Institutions, 617
Public Library, 615
Public Officers, 271, 607
Races, 603, 606
Railways, 278, 294, 600, 663
Rateable Value, 608, 738
Reading Room, 615
Regattas, 270, 606
Rifle Volunteers, 617
Royal Albert Hospital, 276
Royal Hotel, 616
Royal Marine Barracks, 739
Royal Naval, &c. Free
Schools, 276
Royal Visits, 603
Royal William Victualling
Yard, 738
St. Andrew's Hall, 616
St. G-eorge's Hall, 740
St. James's Hall, 616
St. Nicholas Island, 604
Savings Banks, 276, 617
School Boards, 275, 614,
740
School of Cookery, 615
Schools, 275, 615, 739
Semaphore, 273
Ship-building, 610
Shipping, 272, 609
Siege, 602
Sisters of Notre Dame, 613
Situation, 270, 600, 738
Skating Rink, 616
Skelton Family, 618
Soup Kitchen, 616
Spanish Armada, 602
Statues, 603, 609
Steamers, 289, 606, 664
Steam Yard, 273
Stoke (Higher and Lower),
269, 270, 294
Stonehouse (East), 738
Suburbs, 270
Sunday School Choir, 617
Sutton Pool, 605
Temperance Hall, 276
Theatre, 616
Three Towns, 600
Town Council, 271, 607 •
Town Halls, 274
Trade, 273, 609
Tramways, 289, 664
Union, 740
Urban Sanitary Authority,
740
Volunteers, 602, 617
Voters, 606-7
Wash Houses, 616
Water Conveyance, 664
Water Works, 274, 601,
610, 740
Western College, 613
Wharves, 273
Workhouses, 271, 607, 740
Worthies, 611, 615, 618
Yacht Club, 616
Young Men's Christian
Association, 615
INDEX TO ADVEETISEES.
Acton & Borman, emery & black lead mfrs. London, 32
Ascott Jas. buildr. contractr. whlwright. &c. Halberton, 12
Avery & Hayman, proprietors of North Devon Journal,
Barnstaple, 18
Aviolet, watchmaker, jeweller, goldsmith, &c. Exeter, 21
Bastow Thos. W. railway carrier & whsman. Plymouth, 10
Beer & Driffield, artists in stained glass, &c. Exeter, 5
Bright Hy. C. head mstr. Heavitree Collegiate Schl. Exeter, 8
Brockington T. seed, corn, &c. mert. Whimple & Exeter, 10
Butcher A. H. brewer, Anchor brewery, Stonehouse, 16
Castle College (C. J. Harland, principal), Torquay, 25
Catford J. S. portrait and landscape photographer, Ilfra-
combe and Barnstaple, 22
Colebrooke A. A, manufixcturing hosier, Exeter, 21
Cook Alfred, ship and boat builder, Appledore, 26
Cranford R. printer and proprietor of Dartmouth and
Brixham Chronicle, Dartmouth, 9
Dadds Jno. fern grower & florist, Langleigh, Ilfracombe, 22
Daily Western Times (Latimer & Glanville, pi*oprietors),
Exeter, 29
Dartmouth and Brixham Chronicle (R, Cranford, proprie-
tor), Dartmouth, 9
Deering John & Sons, joiners, builders, &e. Tiverton, 28
Donisthorpe & Brodie, proprietors of Exeter and. Plymouth
Gazette and Gazette Daily Telegram, Exeter, 30
Esplanade Hotel, Paignton, 17
Exeter and Plymouth Gazette (Donisthorpe & Brodie, pro-
prietors), Exeter, 30
Fry Thomas, cab proprietor & apartments, Ilfracombe, 22
Gazette Daily Telegram (Donisthorpe & Brodie, proprie-
tors), Exeter, 30
Gerston Family & Commercial Hotel, Paignton station, 17
Gillott Joseph & Sons, steel pen manufacturers, Birming-
ham, opposite first cover
Godfrey's Railway Hotel, Tiverton junctn. nr. Cullomptn. 17
Harlaud C. J. principal. Castle College, Torquay, 25
Heath J. P., M.R.C.V.S. manufacturer of Heath's Lamb
Mixture, Exeter, 18
Heavitree Collegiate School, Exeter (H. C. Bright, head
master), 8
Henson H. tailor and draper, Tiverton, 22
Hepburn & Gale, tanners, &c. London, opposite Mill Band
Manufacturers in Trades Directory
Holloway & Son, cabinet mkrs. upholstrs. &c. Barnstaple, 26
Latimer & Glanville, proprietors of Daily Western Times,
Exeter, 29
Lawrence Robert A. printer and publisher of North Devon
Hercdd, Barnstaple, 13
Lidstone Fredk. B. auctioneer, appraiser, &c. Exeter, 11
Martin W. W. proprietor Palmerston Hotel, Tiverton, 27
Matthews H. baker, cook and confectioner, Plymouth, 24
Merrifield R. H. engineer, millwright, &c. Plymouth, 28
Millbay Soap, Alkali and Soda Company (lira.), soap
manufacturers, Plymouth, 6
Monk J. E. wholsl. waterproof clothing mfr. Plymouth, 20
NichoUs, Mathews & Co. engineers, brass and iron foun-
ders, &c. Tavistock Iron Works, 19
North Devon Herald (Robt. A. Lawrence, publr.) Brnstple. 1 3
a2
Index to A-clvei-tisers.
Iforth Dcvo)i Journal (A^xerySi Hayman, proprs.) Ernstple. 1 8
Oakey John & Sous, ornery & black lead mfrs. London, 26
Pearse Saml. furnishing & general ironmonger, Exeter, 7
Pearse S. proprietor Koyal Hotel, Plymouth, 02>posite
Hotels in IVades Directory
Eeed William Cann, Angel Hotel, Tiverton, 11
Saxon N., Royal and Fortescue Hotel, Barnstaple, 22
Searle William, l)ookscllcr, stationer, &c. Torquay, 28
Smith Bros, wholesale bookbinders, London, 2
Stanley Charles & Son, wool manure merchants, Wath,
near Rotherham, 4
Stoyel W. H. boot and shoe manufacturer, Tiverton, 28
Stubbs & Co. mercantile ofl&ces, London, 14 & 15
Symons John & Co. cider merchants, Totnes, 20
Teed, mfr. of blue-black correspondence ink, Exmouth, 23
Timewell S. W. uiort.& dlr. in coal, grain, &c. Ki ngsbridge,25
Torquay Directory and South Devon Journal (William
Winget, publisher), Torquay, 31
Trehane Walter, wine merchant, Exeter and Exmouth, 3
Vickary & Co. ironmongers, gasfitters, &c. Exeter, 8
Wadge Edwin H. statuary, wood carver, &c. Ashburton
and Buckfastleigh, 23
Wallingford (owner of), Budleigh Salterton, to be let, 21
Walter's Earley Hotel, Plymouth, 19
Ward James, London Commercial Hotel, Okehampton, 27
Westlako Thomas & Co. manufacturers of brass and copper
goods, &c. Plymouth, 23
White William, directory publisher, Sheffield, 32
Wilkinson & Co. wine and brandy merchants, Torquay, 12
Wilkinson R. Came, wine and brandy importer, Exeter, 9
Winget William, publisher of Torquay Directory and
South Devon Journal, Torquay, 31
TEADES INDEX TO ADYEETISEES
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT
MANUFACTURER & AGENT.
Ascott James, Halberton, 12
ALE & STOUT MERCHANTS.
Wilkinson & Co. Torquay, 12
ARCHITECT, SURVEYOR AND
MAPPER.
Wadge Edwin H., Ashburton and
Buckfastleigh, 23
ARTISTS IN STAINED GLASS.
Beer & Driffield, Exeter, 5
AUCTIONEER & APPRAISER.
Lidstone Frederick B., Exeter, 1 1
BAKER, COOK & CONFECTNR.
Matthews H., Plymouth, 24
BEER ENGINE MANUFCTRS.
Westlake Thos. & Co. Plymouth, 23
BLACK LEAD MANUFACTRS.
Acton & Borman, London, 32
Oakey John & Sons, London, 26
BOILER MAKERS.
Merrifield R. H., Plymouth, 28
Nicbolls, Mathews & Co. Tavistock, 19
BOOKBINDERS.
Smith Brothers, London, 2
BOOKSELLER & STATIONER.
Searle William, Torquay, 28
BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTR.
Stoyel W. H., Tiverton, 28
BRASS FOUNDERS.
Merrifield B. H., Plymouth, 28
NichoUs, Mathews & Co. Tavistock, 19
BRASS WORKERS.
Vickary & Co. Exeter, 8
Westlake Thos. & Co. Plymouth, 23
BREWER.
Butcher A. H., Stonehouse, 16
BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS.
Ascott James, Halberton, 1 2
Deering John & Sons, Tiverton, 28
CAB PROPRIETOR.
Fry Thomas, Ilfracombe, 22
CABINET MKRS. & UPHLSTRS.
Holloway & Son, Barnstaple, 26
CAKE MERCHANT.
Timewell S. W., Kingsbridge, 25
CHURCH AND ANTIQUITY
RESTORER.
Wadge Edwin H., Ashburton and
Buckfastleigh, 23
CHURCH DECORATORS.
Beer & Driffield, Exeter, 5
CIDER MERCHANTS.
Symons John & Co. Totnes, 20
Wilkinson & Co. Torquay, 12
COAL MERCHANT.
Timewell S. W., Kingsbridge, 25
COPPER & BRASS GOODS MFRS.
Westlake Thos. & Co. Plymouth, 23
CORN MERCHANT.
Brockington T., Whimple & Exeter, 10
DIRECTORY PUBLISHER.
White William, Sheffield, 32
EMERY, &c., MANUFACTURERS.
Acton & Borman, London, 32
Oakey John & Sons, London, 26
ENGINEERS.
Merrifield R. H., Plymouth, 28
Nicholls, Mathews & Co. Tavistock, 1 9
ENGRAVER AND COPPER-
PLATE PRINTER.
Searle William, Torquay, 28
FERN GROWER AND FLORIST.
Dadds John, Langleigh, Ilfracombe, 22
FIRE AND LIFE OFFICE.
Royal : F. B. Lidstone, Exeter, 11
FURNITURE AND GOODS
REMOVER.
Bastow Thomas W., Plymouth, 10
GASFITTERS.
Vickary & Co., Exeter, 8
GASFITTINGS MFRS.
Westlake Thos. & Co. Plymouth, 23
GRAIN, MEAL & FLOUR MERT.
Timewell S. W., Kingsbridge, 25
HERALDIC STAMPER.
Searle William, Torquay, 28
HOSE PIPE MANUFACTURERS.
Hepburn & Gale, IjoniiiOn, opposite Mill
Band Mamifctrs. in Trades Directory
HOSIER (MANUFACTURING).
Colebrooke A. A., Exeter, 21
HOTELS.
Angel Hotel, William C. Reed, Tiver-
ton, 11
Esplanade Hotel, Paignton, 17
Gerston Hotel, Paignton station, 17
Godfrey's Railway Hotel, Tiverton
junction, near CuUompton, 17
London Hotel, Jas.Ward,Okehmptn. 27
Palmerston Hotel, W. W. Martin,
Tiverton, 27
Royal Hotel, S. Pearse, Plymouth,
opposite Hotels in Trades Directory
Royal & Fortescue Hotel, N. Saxon,
Barnstaple, 22
Walter's Farley Hotel, Plymouth, 19
Trades Index to A.clvei'tiser«.
HOUSE AND ESTATE AGENT.
Lidstone Frederick B., Exeter, 1 1
HOUSE FURNISHERS.
Holloway & Son, Barnstaple, 26
INK MANUFACTURER.
Teed — , Exmouth, 23
IRON FOUNDERS.
Merrifield R. H., Plymouth, 28
Nicholls, Mathews & Co. Tavistock, 19
IRONMONGERS.
Pea'rse Samuel, Exeter, 7
Vickary & Co. Exeter, 8
IRON WORKERS.
Vickary & Co. Exeter, 8
JOINERo.
Deering John & Sons, Tiverton, 28
^T.Ct(
IFE BOARD & POLISH MFRS.
cton & Borman, London, 32
Oakey John & Sons, London, 26
LAMB MIXTURE MNFR.
Heath J. P., M.R.C.V.S., Exeter, 18
LEATHER & GRINDERY DLR.
Stoyel W. H., Tiverton, 28
LEATHER MANUFACTURERS.
Hepburn & Gale, London, opposite Mill
Band Majwfctrs. in Trades Directory
LODGING HOUSE KEEPER.
Fry Thomas, Ilfracombe.. 22
MANURE MERCHANTS.
Brockington T., Whimple & Exeter, 10
Stanley Charles & Son, Wath, near
Rotherhara, 4
Timewell S. W., Kingsbridge, 25
MERCANTILE OFFICES.
Stubbs' Mercantile Offices, London,
H& lo
MERCHANTS (GENERAL).
Brockington T., Whimple & Exeter, 10
Timewell S. W., Kingsbridge, 25
MILL BAND MANUFACTURERS.
Hepburn & Gale, London, opposite Mill
Band Manufctrs. in Trades Directory
MILLWRIGHTS.
Ascott James, Halberton, 12
Merrifield R. H., Plymouth, 28
NEWSPAPERS.
Daily Western Times (Latimer &
Glanville, proprietors), Exeter, 29
Dartonouth and Brixham Chronicle
(R. Cranford, propr.), Dartmouth, 9
Exeter and Plymouth Gazette (Donis-
tliorpe & Brodie, proprs.), Exeter, 30
Gazette Daily Telegram (Donisthorpe
& Brodie, proprietors), Exeter, 30
North Devon Herald (R. A. Lawrence,
publisher), Barnstaple, 13
North Devon Journal (Avery & Hay-
man, proprietors), Barnstaple, 18
Torquay Directory and South Devon
Journal (Wm. Winget, publisher),
Torquay, 31
OIL MERCHANTS.
Stanley Charles & Son, Wath, near
Rotherham, 4
PHOTOGRAPHER.
Catford J. S., Ilfracombe and Barn-
staple, 22
PRINTERS,
Cranford R., Dartmouth, 9
Donisthorpe & Brodie, Exeter, 30
Latimer & Glanville, Exeter, 29
Lawrence Robert A., Barnstaple, 13
PUBLISHER.
White William, Sheffield, 32
RAILWAY CARRIER AND
WAREHOUSEMAN.
Bastow Thomas W., Plymouth, 10
REFRESHMENT ROOMS.
Matthews H., Plymouth, 24
Ward James, Okehampton, 27
SCHOOLS.
Castle College (C. J. Hailand, princi-
pal), Torquay, 25
Heavitree Collegiate School (H. C,
Bright, head master), Exeter, 8
SEED MERCHANTS.
Brockington T., Whimple & Exeter, 10
Timewell S. W., Kingsbridge, 25
SHIP & BOAT BUILDER.
Cook Alfred, Appledore, 20
SMITHS.
Merrifield R. H., Plymouth, 28
Nicholls, Mathews & Co. Tavistock, 19
Vickary & Co. Exeter, 8
SOAP MANUFACTURERS.
Millbay Soap, Alkali & Soda Co.
(limited), Plymouth, 6
STATUARY.
Wadge Edwin H., Ashburton & Buck-
fastleigh, 23
STEEL PEN MANUFACTURERS
Gillott Joseph & Sons, Birmingham,
opposite first cover
TAILOR & DRAPER.
Henson H., Tiverton, 22
TANNERS.
Hepburn & Gale, London, opposite Mill
Band Manufctrs.in Trades Directory
THRASHING MACHINE OWNER.
Brockington T., Whimple & Exeter, 10
TIN PLATE WORKERS.
Vickary & Co. Exeter, 8
TRADE PROTECTION SOCIETY.
Stubbs' Mercantile Offices, London,
14 & 15
UNDERTAKERS.
Deering John & Sons, Tiverton, 28
Holloway & Son, Barnstaple, 26
VETERINARY SURGEON.
Heath J. P., M.R.C.V.S. Exeter, 18
WATCHMAKER, JEWELLER,
GOLDSMITH, &c.
Aviolet, Exeter, 21
WATERPROOF CLOTHING MFR.
Monk J. E., Plymouth, 20'
WHEELWRIGHT.
Ascott James, Halberton, 12
WINE, &c. MERCHANTS.
Trehane Walter, Exeter & Exmouth, 3
Wilkinson & Co. Torquay, 12
Wilkinson R. C, Exeter & Torquay, 9
WOOD CARVER.
Wadge Edwin H., Ashburton and
Buckfastleigh, 23
Trade MiarliS Index.— County Oflicers, ete.
TEADE MAEKS INDEX,
I'ox Charles, printer, stationer, bookseller,
bookbinder, proprietor and publisher of
Kmgshridgc Gazette and SotUli Devon
Advertiser, and agent for Accident In-
surance Co. 37 Fore street, Kingsbridge,
pages 513, 1043, and 1053
Madocks John, brewer, maltster, cooper,
consulting brewer, brewers' engineer,
and lime burner, Warfleet Brewery,
Dartmouth, pages 261, 895, 921, and
1032
Millbay Soap, Alkali & Soda Co. (li-
mited), soap, &c. manufacturers,
Millbay road, Plymouth ; Philip K.
Truscott, secretary ; John Eice,
manager, pages 645 and 1076 {See
Advertiscjnent, page 6)
MILL
BAY
Timewell Stephen Wreford, merchant, dealer
in coal, grain, seed, cake, manure, meal,
bran, flour, &c., and agent for Burnard,
Lack & Alger's manures, Duke street,
Kingsbridge ; stores, Dodbrooke, Frogmore,
and South Pool, pages 514, 922, and 1000
(See Advcrtisemmt, page 25)
Torbay & Dart Paint Co. (Limited), sole pro-
prietors of Wolston's celebrated Torbay
iron paints, Clarence street, Dartmouth;'
and Furzeham hill, Brixham; London
office, 23 Great George street, AVestminster,
S.W., pages 187, 263, 919, and 1046
White William, publisher of county and town
directories, &c., 18 and 20 Bank street,
Sheffield {See Advertisement, page 32)
xV^l*^.
COUNTY OFFICEES, ETC.
MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT.
North Devon — Sir S. H. Northcote, & Sir T. D. Acland
East Devon — Sir L. V. Palk, and Sir J. H. Kennaway
South Devon — Sir M. Lopes, and J. T. Carpenter-Gar-
nier, Esq.
Barnstaple — T. Cave and S. D. Waddy, Esqrs.
Dbvonport — J. S. Puleston, Esq. and Capt. George E.
Price, Esq.
Exeter — Arthur Mills and J. G. Johnson, Esqrs.
Plymouth — E. Bates and Sampson Lloyd, Esqrs.
Tavistock— Lord A. J.E. Russell
Tiverton — Sir J. H. Amory, and the Right lion. W. N.
Massey
Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum — The Duke
of Somerset
High Sheriff (1878)— S. C. Hamlyn, E^q. Colebrooke,
Crediton
Under Sheriff — Brutton J. Ford, Esq. Exeter
Clerk or the Peace — Henry Ford, Esq. Exeter
County Clerk— E. H. H. Houlditch, Esq. Exeter
Clerk of the Lieutenancy General Meetings — Messrs.
Pearce & Cross, South Molton
Chief Constable — Gerald de Courcy Hamilton, Esq.Exeter
County Treasurer — H. M. James, Esq. Exeter
County Solicitor — T. E. Drake, Esq. Exeter
Coroners — H. Michelmore, Esq. Newton Abbot (Totnes
district) ; R. R. Rodd, Esq. Stonehouse (Stoke Damerel
district) ; John H. Toller, Esq. Barnstaple (Barnstaple
district) ; Robert Fulford, North Tawton (Okehampton
district) ; R. R. Crosse, Esq. Cullompton (Crediton
district)
County Analyst — A. W. Blyth, Esq. Barnstaple
Surveyor of County Bridges and of County Buildings
— H. W. Farley, Esq. Exeter
Governor of High Gaol and Keeper of House of
Correction — Major Kirkpatrick. Matron— Miss S.
A. Hughes. Surgeon— Mr. T. W. Caird
ACTING MAGISTEATES EOE THE COUNTY,
{For Contractions see ;page 863.)
Acland Sir Thomas Dyke, M.P. Killerton park, Broadclyst,
Exeter; and Minehead, Somerset
Adairs Colonel A. W., Bovey Tracey
Addington Hon. G. A. B. B.
Allen John, Esq. Coleridge house, Stokenham, Kingsbridge
Anson Car twright Henry, Esq. 9 Monk-]e-Grande,Heavitree
Arnold Lieut.-Col. Wm., Nethercott, Iddesleigh, Winkleigh
Arthur Rev. James, BA., Atherington, Barnstaple
Atkinson Wm., Esq. Abbotsbury, Higliweek, Newton Abbot
Bailey Charles Fredk. Esq. Lee Abbey, Lynton, Barnstaple
Bassett Rev. Arthur Charles, Watermouth, Berrynarbor, I
Bastard Baldwin John P. Esq. Kitley, Yealmpton
Bawden Rev. Joshua, South Molton
Bayley AYra. Rooker, Esq. Cotford house, Sidbury, Sidm'th
Treverven, Esq. Teignmouth
Esq. Rhyll house, East Anstey,
Beavan John Griffiths,
Bellew John Froude,
Dulverton
Bentinck Charles Aldenbury, Esq. Bovey Tracey
Berc Montague, Esq. Q.C. 1 Eliot terrace, Plymouth
Bewes Cecil Edward, Esq. Hill Side, Plympton St. Mary
Binford William, Esq. 6 Broad street. South Molton
Bird wood General William Ilbert, Wcodcot, Salcombe,
Kingsbridge
Blachford Lord, Blachford bouse, Cornwood, Ivybridge
Boles Rev. James Thomas
Bowring Lewis Bentham, Esq. Lavrochbere, Torquay
Bradshaw F.
Bradsha^V Octavius, Esq. Torquay
A-cting" Mlag-istrates for the Oounty.
Bridges William Thomas, Esq. D.C.L., Torwood, Torquay
Brown Michael Lewis, Esq. Keittos, Bishopsteignton
Buckingham Eev. Jas., D.C.L., Doddiscorabsleigh, Exeter
i Budd Christian, Esq. M.D., North Tawton
' BuUer C. R. Esq.
Buller Major Eedvers Henry, O.B., Downes, Crediton
Buller Wentworth William, Esq, Chappie, Bovey Tracey,
Newton Abbot
Inilteel J. Esq. Pamphlete
L'almady Vincent Pollixfen, Esq. The Hut, Tetcott,
Holsworthy
Carow Thomas, Esq. Collipriest, Tiverton
Carpenter-Garnier John, Esq. M.P.,Mount Tavy, Tavistock
Cary Stanley Edward, Esq. Tollaton, Totnes
Cary g. E. G. Esq.
Champernowne Arthur, Esq. Partington, Totnes
Charlewood Admiral Edwd. P., Porthill, Northam, Bidefrd
Chaster John Webber, Esq. West hill, Totnes
Chichester Arthur Chamberlyne, Rose Mount, Alphington.E
Chichester Lieut.-Col. Arthur Charles, Kerswell, Exeter
Chichester Sir Arthur, Bart. Toulston park, Sherwell, B
Chichester Sir Alexander Palmer Bruce, Arlington court, B
Chichester Charles, Esq. D.L., Hall, Bishop's Tawton, B
Chichester Robt.,Esq. B.xi., D.L., Hall, Bishop's Ta\yton, B
Chichester William Henry, Esq. Grenofen house, Whit-
church, Tavistock
Churston Lord, Lupton house, Brixham
Clarke Edward S. Esq. Fulford house, Dunsford, Exeter
Clarke Rfchard Hall, Esq. Bridwell, Halberton, Tiverton
Clarke T. E. Esq.
Clifford Eight Hon. Lord, D.L. Ugbrook house, Chudleigh
Clifford-Butler Hon. Jas. .Fitzwalter, Sanctuary, Shobrooke
Clinton Eight Hon. Lord, Heanton Satchville, Huish,
Beaford ; and London
Coffin Jno. Eichd. Pine, Esq. Portledge, Alwington, Bidefrd
Coham William Holland Bickford, Esq. Black Torrington,
Highampton
Coleridge Wm. Eennell, Esq. Salston hs. Ottery St. Mary
Collier William Fredk. Esq. Woodtown, Sampford Spiney
Collins Chas. Eobert, Esq. Strathculm house, Bradninch
Collins John, Esq. Wonham house, Bampton, Tiverton
Collins-Splatt Henry, Esq. Brixton hs. Brixton, Plympton
Conran Capt. Wm. Blackland house, Plympton St. Mary
Coode Edwd. Esq, Polapit Tamar, Werrington, Launceston
Cornish Charles John, Esq. Salcombe Eegis, Sidmouth
Cornish-Bowdeu F.
Cornish-Bowden Eear-Admiral William, E.N. Oak la"wn,
Newton Abbot
Cory William, Esq. Halsdon, Dolton, Eggesford
Courtenay Lord, Powderham, Exeter
Cruwys George James, Esq. Cruwys Morchard, Tiverton
Cubitt William, Esq. Fallapitt, East AUington, Totnes
Curry WilUam, Esq. F.E.O.S. Boutport street, Barnstaple
Daniel Thomas Carew, Esq. Stoodleigh, Tiverton
Davie Geo. Christr., Esq. The Elms, Bishop's Tawton, B
Davie Sir Henry Eobert Ferguson, Bart. M.P. Greedy
park, Sandford, Exeter
Davie Colonel J. D.
Davy John Tanner, Esq. Ashtown, Eose Ash, Sth. Molton
Davy Eobert Manning, E&q. Grove hill, Topsham ; and
Oxenhay lodge, Membury, Axminster
Dawson Ealph, Esq. Wembiiry house, Wembury, P
Deacon James Pryse, Esq. Hoo-Meavy, Horrabridgo
Deakin Colonel James Henry, Werrington, Launceston
Deane Wm. Anthony, Esq. Webbery, Alverdiscott, Bidefrd
Dennis Thomas John, Esq. Bradiford house, Pilton, B
Devon Earl of, Powderham, Exeter
Devon Henry Charles, Esq. Cruwyshaye, Eackenford
Divett John, Esq. Bovey Tracey, Newton Abbot
Dixon Joshua, Esq. Winslade house, Clist St. Mary, E
Dowell Capt. Wm. Montague, E.N., C.B. Torr hs. Bideford
Drew Colonel Francis Edward
Drewe Edward, Esq. Eatcliffe house, Clisthydon, Exeter
Drewe Lieutenant-Colonel F. The Grange
Drinkwater Peter Bourne, Esq. Lincombe, Torquay
Duckworth Sir John Thomas Buller, Bart. Wear house,
Countess Wear, Exeter
Duntze Sir John Lewis, Bart., Starcross, Exeter
Durant Eichard, Esq. Sharpham, Ashprington, Totnes
Eales Charles
Ebrington Viscount
Edwards Commander Frederick, E.N., Ivybridge
Edwards Eev. Hy., B.A., Eectory, Churchstanton, Honiton
EUicombe George Bradford, Esq. Eocklands, Chudleigh
Elliott John James, Esq. Leigham, Egg Buckland, P
Elton Sir Edward Marwood, Bart. Widworthy court, Wid-
worthy, Honiton ; and London
English J. T. Esq. Stamford hill, Stratton
Farringdon Sir Henry Anthony, Bart. Gosford house,
Ottery St. Mary
Firth Frederick Henry, Esq., Cator court, Widdicombe-in-
the-Moor, Ashburton
Fisher Thomas, Esq. Buckland Filleigh, Highampton
Fleming John, Esq. Bigadon, Buckfastleigh ; & London
Fletcher C. E. Esq. Dawlish _
Fortescue Earl, Castle hill, Filleigh, South Molton
Fortescue John Faithful, Athenaeum street, Plymouth
Fortescue Mathew, Esq., Q.C. Weston house, Berry Pome-
roy, Totnes
Fortescue William B. Esq. Octon, Torquay
Froude William, Esq. C.E,, F.E.S. Chelston cross, Cock-
ington, Torquay
Fulford Francis Drummond, Esq. 3 Carlton hill, Exmouth
Fursdon C. Esq. Tiverton
Garratt Lieutenant-Colonel A.
Garratt John, Esq. Bishop's court, Farringdon, Exeter
Gill Eeginald Butler Edgcumbe, Esq. Ward house, Beer
Alston, Eoborough
Gill Eev. William, Venn house, Lamerton, Tavistock
GiffDrd Hon. «Sc Eev. Eobert George, M.A., Eackenford,
Morchard Bishop
Germon Colonel Eichard Charles, Gortlee, Dawlish
Graham J.
Gregory J. B. Esq.
Grigg John William, Esq. Heathfield house, Tamerton
Foliott, Plymouth
Hale-Monro C. J. Esq. Ingsdon, Newton
Hallett William Trelawny, Stedcombe house, Axraouth
Halliday William Halliday, Esq. Glenthorne,Countesbury;
and West view, Torquay
Hamilton Alexander Henry A. Esq. Fairfield
Hamlyn Shilston Calmady, Esq. Leawood, Bridestowe
Harding Lieut.-Col. William, Upcott, Pilton, Barnstaple
Harris John Crighton, Esq. 6 Bloomfield, Pennsylvania, E
Harris Captain William, Yealmptou, Plympton
Hatherly Narcissus Collins, M.D. 123 East st. S. Molton
Hawkins C. S. Esq. Kingsbridge
Hawkins Stuart, Esq. Alston, Plympton St. Mary
Hayter-Hames Eev. Hayter George, M.A., Chagford
Hayne Major Charles Seale, Kingswear, Dartmouth
Hibbert Col. Hugh Thomas, Broadgate house, Pilton, B
Heathcoat-Amory Sir John Heathcoat, Bart.M.P. Knights-
hayes court, Tiverton
Hill John, Esq. Pitt house, Moretonhampstead
Hippisley John Henry, Esq. Shobrooke park, Crediton
Hoare Peter Merrick, Esq. Luscombe, Dawlish
Hodge J. Gage, Esq. Willesleigh, Barnstaple
Holds worth Arthur Frederick, Esq. Widdecombe house,
Stokenham, Kingsbridge
Hole Alfred Eobert, Esq. Beam house, Great Torrington
Hole Eev. Eobert, B.A., North Tawton
Hole Wm. Eobt. Esq. Park, Bovey Tracey, Newton Abbot
Holley James Hunt, Esq. Oaklands, Okehampton
Holley Windham Hunt, Esq. Oaklands, Okehampton
Hughes Major-General William Templer, C.B., Egland,
Awliscombe, Honiton
Huyshe Eev. John, Clisthydon, Exeter
Johnson Edward, Esq. Farringdon house, Farringdon, E
-A.ctiiig' Miajyistirates for* the Oouiity.
Johnson John G-eorgo, Esq., M.P,, Cross, Little Torrington,
Groat Torrington
Ivoatos William, Esq. Primley hill, Paignton
Kekewich Trehawke, Esq. Peamore house, Exminster
Kolly lieginald, Esq. Kelly, Lifton
Konliaway Sir John II., Bart., M.P., Escot, Ottery
King Thomas, Esq. Manor hs. North Iluish, Ugborough
Kitson Rev. Thos., M.A. Shiphay hs. St. Mary Church, T
Knight Jamos Alexander 11. Esq. The Lawn, Axminster
Laity Richard John, Esq. 35 Ker street, Devon port
Law Thomas Shephard, Esq., F.R.C.S., Riversdale, B
Lewellyn Lew6llyn, Esq. Nethway, Brixhara
Lewis J. J).
Ley John Ilenry, Esq. Trehlll, Kenn, Exeter
Lindsay Honourable Colin, Deer park, Biickerell, Honiton
Locke J. A. Esq. Dulverton
Lopes Sir M., Maristowe, Roborough
Lousada John B. Esq.
Lowe Vice-Admiral Arthur, Stoke, Devonport
Lucas S. L. L. Esq. Thuborough house, Sutcombe
Luxmoore J. C, Esq. London
Lyne De Castro F.
Madden Lieut.- Col. Lewis Powell, Totnes
Mallock Richard, Esq. Cockington court, Cockington, T
Manning Thomas Ellis, Esq. Eversfield, Bratton Clovelly
Marker Greorge Marker, Esq. Yondercott, UfFculme
Marker Richard, Esq. Coombe, Gittisham, Honiton
Marsh-Dunn Richard M. Esq. Carlton lodge, Teignmouth
Matthews Wm. Edwin, Esq. 15 The Crescent, Plymouth
Maule George Norman, Esq. Ilfracombo
May Rear-Admiral Charles Henry, Leeford, Budleigh
Salterton, Exmouth
Melhuish Walter AVilliam, Esq. Court Barton, Clawton,
Ilolsworthy
Mellor Alfred, Esq. Oiterhead, Churchstanton, Honiton
Miles William, Esq. Dixfield house, Exeter
Milford Frederick, Esq. Matford house, Exeter
Milford John, Esq. Coavec, Topsham road, Exeter
Mitchell William Prjce, Esq., D.L., Holwell, Whitchurch,
Tavistock
Monro C. J. H.
Moles worth George Mill Frederick, Esq. Northdown
house, Bideford
Moore-Stevens John Curson, Winscott house, Marland
Peters, Great Torrington
Morley Earl, Saltram, Plympton St. Mary
Morshead Rev. Henry John, M.A., Kelly, Lifton
Mudge Arthur, Esq. Sydney, Plympton
Nagle Joseph Chichester, Esq. Calvcrleigh, Tiverton
Neuman George, Esq. Tracey house, Awliscombe, Honiton
New John Cave, Esq. Caddock house, Uifcnlme
Newman Thomas Holsworth, Esq. Coryton, Lew Down
Nightingale Col, Manners, 8 Barn Park ter. Teignmouth
Northcote Right Honourable Sir Stafford Henry, C.B., M.P.
Pynes, Upton Pyne, Exeter
Oldham Joseph, Esq. Strawbridge, Hatherleigh
Oldham Ernest, Esq. Strawbridge, Hatherleigh
Palk Sir Lawrence, M.P. Haldon house, Kenn, Exeter
Palk Rev. AVilmot Henry, M.A. Ashcombe, Dawlish
Parker Admiral George, Delami >re, Cornwood, Ivybridge
Parker Rev. Franke, M.A. Luffincott, Launceston
ParlbyRev. John Hall, M.A. Manadon,Pennycross, Plymth
Peek Sir H. W., M.P. Rousdon, Lyme Regis ; and Wimble-
don house, Surrey
Peters William Henry, Esq. Harefield, Lympstone, Exeter
Phillipps-Treby Colonel Paul Winslow, Goodamoor,
Plympton St. Mary
Phillips Captain, Sorrents, Torquay
Phillips Henry Cramer March, Esq. Wellswood, Torquay
Phillpotts Captain Henry, St. Clare, Torquay
Pino-Coffin Jno. Rchd.Esq. Portledge, Alwington, Bideford
Pode John Duke, Esq. Slade hall, Cornwood, Ivybridge
Poltimore Lord, Court hall, North Molton; Poltimore,
Exoter : and London
Ponsford John, Esq. Ford house, Drewstoignton
Porter Henry Aylmer, Esq. 41 Southernhay, Exeter
Porter William, Esq. Hembury Fort, BuckorcU, Honiton
Portsmouth Earl of, Eggesford house, Wembworthy ; and
Hurstbourne park, Hampshire
Quicke John, P^sq. Newton hs. Newton St. Gyres, Exeter
Rayer William Carew, Esq. Holcombe co\irt, Wellington
Ridgway Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander, Sheplegh court,
Blackawton, Totnes
Robinson Randolph
Rogers Thomas, Orleigh court, Buckland Brewer, Bideford
Rolle Honourable Mark George Kerr, Stevenstone, St.
Giles-in-thc-Wood, Torrington
Rowo William North, Esq. Cove, Tiverton
Russell Richard Bury, Esq. Dennington house, Swimbridge
St. Aubyn Edward, Manor lodge, Stoke, Devonport
Samborne Rev. Richard Lane Palmer, Ashreigney,
Chulmleigh
Sanders E. A. Esq. Stoke house
Saunders C. M.
Saville Lieutenant-Colonel, Langdon house, Dawlish
Scales E. Esq. Holcomb villas, Dawlish
Scarborough John L. Esq. Coly house, Colyford, Colyton
Scobell Edwin, Esq. Goodameavy hs. Meavy, Horrabridge
Scratton Daniel Robert, Esq. West Ogwell, Newton Abbot
Seale Sir Henry Paul, Bart. Norton house, Dartmouth
Seale John H. Esq. Norton house, Dartmouth
Shelley Sir John, Bart. Shobrooke park, Crediton
Short Francis Baring, Esq. Bickham, Kenn, Exeter
Sidmouth Right Honourable Viscount, M.P. Manor house,
Upottery, Honiton
Sillifant Arthur Onslow, Esq. Coombe house, Colebrooke
Sim Wm. Clulow, Esq. Knowle, Clist St. George, Topsham
Simcoe Captain John Kennaway, Wolford lodge, Dunkes-
well, Honiton
Simpson Chas., Esq. 51 Durnford street. East Stonehouse
Smyth William Gould, Fort house. South Molton
SoltauGeo. Wm. Esq. Little Efford, Egg Buckland, Plymth
Soltau John T. Esq. Somerset lodge. Newton Abbot
Soltau-Symons Geo. Chaddlewood hs. Plympton St. Mary
Spied J. B. Esq. Oifwell house, Offwell, Honiton
Splatt AY. F.
Spragge Francis Hoare, Esq. The Quarry, Paignton
Stewart-Sa vile Rev. Fredk. Alexr.,M.A., Ardmore, Torquay
Still John Thomas, Esq. Mountfield house, Musbury
Stuart Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Shepherd, G.C.B.
Southlands, Withycombe Rawleigh, Exmouth
Stucley Colonel William Lewis, Hartland Abbey, Bideford
Stucley-Stucley Sir G. Bart.
Studd Edward Fairfax, High house, Kenton, Exeter
Studdy Hy. Esq. Waddoton court. Stoke Gabriel, Totnes
Talbot John Reginald Francis George, Esq. Rhode Hill
house, Uplyme
Tanner Rev. John Vowler, The Rectory, Eggesford,
Wembworthy
Templer James George John, Lindridge, Bishop's Teign-
ton, Teignmouth
ThoroldRev. Wm., M.A. The Rectory, Warkleigh,S. Molton
Toll Henry Limbrey, Esq. Manor house. Street, Totnes
Toms Captain Henry Riversea, Kingswear, Dartmouth
Toms Rev. Humphrey Wm., M.A. Combmartin, Barnstaple
Tonge Charles, Esq. Oaklands, Dawlish
Torrens Sir R. R., K.G.M.G. Ashburton
Tremayne John, Esq., M.P. Sydenham house, Marystowe,
Lew Down
Trist Major John Fincher, 18 The Crescent, Plymouth
Troyte Charles Acland Williams, Esq. Huntsham court,
Huntsham, Bampton
Tucker Charles, Esq. Marlands, Magdalen road, Exeter
Turner Charles Henry, High Cliff house, Dawlish
Turner Thomas, Esq., CuUompton
Twysden Captain J. S., Charlston, Kingsbridge
Uniacke Captain Henry Turner, Lay well, Brixham
Vicary John, Esq. The Knowlos, Highweek, Newton Abbot
A-cting" IWtag-i^trates fbi- tlie CJoniity.
Vicary John Fulford, Esq. North Tawton
Vidal Edwd. Urch, Esq. Corn borough, Abbotsham, Bidefrd
Vivian Edward, Esq. Woodfield, Torquay
Vye Nathaniel, Esq., D.L., Tlosemount, Ilfracombe
Wade Charles Joseph, Esq. Dawlisli
"Waldy Captain "William Thomas, Howden, Tiverton
"Walkey Joseph Elliot 0. Esq. Pole house, Ide, Exeter
Walrond Sir John, Bradfield house, Uffculme, Cullompton
"Walrond Lieut. Col. William Hood, New court, Topsham
Watson Richard Iluxham, Esq. Northgate house, Totnes
Watts William John, Esq. Ford house, Newton Abbot
Webber Charles Henry, Esq. St. Brannock, Braunton
Were Joseph, Esq. Hay, Broadclyst, Exeter
Were Thomas Kennet
White Thomson Robert Thomas, Esq. Broomford manor.
Jacobstowe, Exeter
Wilcocks Jas. Blackmore, Esq. Stoke cottage, Stoke, D'port
William Charles Henry, Esq. Pilton house
Wilson Captain
Wise Col. Uacres W. Aileron house, Loddiswell, Kingsbdge
Wood John, Esq. The Grrange, Withycombe Rawleigh,
Exmouth
Woodley James, Esq. Halshanger house, Ashburton
Woolcorabe Henry, Esq. Ashbury, Exbourne
Wreford John, Esq. Clannaborough, Bow
Wren Adderley Barton, Esq., B.A., Lenwood, Northara,
Bideford
Wrey Sir Bouchier Palk, Quayfield house, Ilfracombe
Wrey Rev. Henry Bouchier, M.A. Corffo house, Tawstock
Wrey Henry Bouchier Toke, Esq. 8 Powderham terrace,
Teignmouth
AVyatt-Edgell A. Esq. Cowley house, Exeter
SEATS OF NOBILITY, CLEEGY AND GENTEY IN DEVONSHIRE.
Villas, ^'c, in Towns and Bathing Places are not included.
Abbey House, Buckfastleigh, 195
~ botsham Court, James Taylor, Esq. 99
eton Castle, West Worlington, Sir George Stucley,
' Bart. 846
A-la-Ronde, Withycombe RaAvlcigh, Miss Anna Sophia
Hurlock, 854
Aileron House, Loddiswell, Colonel Dacres "Wise, 527
Altamera, Topsham, Mrs Ellen Ord, 793
Amery House, Monkleigh, Mrs Maria Somes, 550
Arlington Court, Sir Alexander Palmer Bruce Chichester,
Bart. J.P. 104
Ashbury House, Venerable Archdeacon WooUcombc, and
Henry Woollcombe, Esq. J.P. 110
Ashfield, Awliscombe, Dowager Lady Graves Sawle, 116
Ash House, Stokefleming, Mrs Mary Weymouth Netherton
Chilcote, 734
Ashley Court, Tiverton, William Henry Dunsford, Esq,
J.P. 779
Ashley House, Tiverton, Thomas Harold Tronson, Esq. 779
Ash Town, Rose Ash, John Tanner Davy, Esq. J.P. 683
Barcombe, Paignton, — Keates, Esq. 590
Barton Hall, Kingskerswell, Hercules Edwin Brown,Es 1.515
Barton House, Bishop's Morchard,Henry Churchill, Esq 159
Bayview, Northam, Col. John Ross Wheeler, 571
Beam House, Great Torrington, Alfred Robert Hole, Esq.
J.P. 456
Beechwood House, Plympton St. Mary, Right Hon. Lord
Seaton, 666
Bickham, Buckland Monachorum, Reginald Gill, Esq. 199
Bickham, Kenn, Francis Baring Short, Esq. J.P. 505
Bickington Lodge, Fremington, Lieutenant John Beaufin
Irving, 451
Bicton House, Right Hon. Lady Louisa Rolle, 149
Bigadon House, Buckfastleigh, John Fleming, Esq. J.P. 195
Bishop's Court, Faringdon, John Garratt, Esq. J.P. 448,728
Bishop's Palace, Paignton, Colonel Bridgman, 590
Bishop's Tawton Hall, Robert Chichester, Esq. B.A., J.P.,
and Charles Chichester, Esq. J.P., D.L. 162
Bishopstowe, St. Mary Church, Sampson Hanbury, Esq. 686
Bitton, Teignmouth, Mrs Catherine Ann Parsons, 768
Blachford House, Cornwood, Lord Frederick Rogers Blacli-
ford, 239
Black Hall, North Huish, Frederick James Cornish-Bowden,
Esq. J.P. 572
Blackland House, Plympton St. Mary, Captain William
Conran, J.P. 666
Blackpool Cottage, Stokefleming, Thomas H. Newman,
Esq. J.P. 733
Blackslade Hou.se, Widecombe-in-the-Moor, Robert Dy-
mond, Esq. J.P. 849
Bovacott, Bradford, Clervaux Leslie Morley Saunders,
Esq. 169
Bowden House, Stokefleming, Lewis Richard Netherton,
Esq. J.P. 734
Bowden House, Totnes, W. D. Adams, Esq. 820
Bowringsleigh, West Alvington, William Roope Ilbert,
Esq. 840
Bradfield, Uffculme, Sir John W. Walrond, Bart. J.P. 829
Bradiford House, Pilton, Thomas John Dennis.Esq. J.P.135
Bradley House, Newton Abbot, Miss Mary Ann Wall, 557
Bradley Manor House, Newton Abbot, Major Christopher
Hellyer Beddek, 561
Bradninch House, — Roll, Esq. 171
Bramford House, Brampford Speke, William Gamlen,
Esq. J.P. 174
Bndwell, Uffculme, Richard Hall Clarke, Esq. J.P. 830
Bridwell House, Ilalberfon, Richard Hall Clarke, Esq. 462
Brixton House, Henry Collins-Splatt, Esq., J.P. 188
Broadgate House, Pilton, Col. Hugh Thomas Hibbert,
J.P. 137
Broadhembury Grange, Mrs. Drewe, 191
Brcokfield, Fremington, Major Robert Hayes Lovell, 452
Brook House, Buckfastleigh, J. Michelmorc, Esq. 195
Broomborough, Totnes, Mrs. Mary Phillips, 820
Broomford Manor, Jacobstowe, Lieut. Col. White Thomson,
J.P. 505
Buckerell Lodge, Rev. G. Barons Northcote, 194
Buckland Abbey, Buckland Monachorum, Alexander Fre-
derick Bundock, Esq. 199
Buckland Court, Buckland-in-the-Moor, B. J. P. Bastard,
Esq. 200
Buckland House, Buckland-Tout-Saints, Mrs Annie Bruns-
kill, 201
Buckland Filleigh House, Thomas Fisher, Esq. J.P. 198
Burrow Park, Abbotskerswell, William Creed, Esq. 100
Butterford, North Huish, Samuel Cockrem, Esq. 572
Bvdown House, Swinibridge, John Nott Pyke-Nott, Esq. 751
Bystock, Colaton Raleigh, John Paul Bryce, Esq. 229
Cadhay, Ottery St. Marj , Mrs. Elizabeth Collins, 585
Calverleigh House, Joseph Chichester Nagle, Esq. J.P. 207
Cann Hs. Tamerton Foliott, Mark Stevens Grigg, Esq. 753
Canon-Teign House, Christow, Right Hon. Viscount Ex-
mouth, 215
Castle (The), Tiverton, Mrs. Ellen Carew, 780
Castle Hill, Filleigh, Right Hon. Earl Fortescue, and Rt.
Hon. Viscount Ebrington, 450
10
Seattsi ol* ]Vol>ility9 Olerg^y audi Grentry in Devonsliire.
Chaddlewood, Plympton St. Mary, George Soltau-Symons,
Esq. 666
Chantry. Aveton Gilford, John Alfred Pcarco, Esq. 115
Chattuu, Axniinster, George Andrew Spottiswoode, Esq.
Chelston Cross, Cockington, William Eroude, Esq., CM,
E.R.S., J.P. 228
Chelston Manor^ Cockington, — Blackwood, Esq. 228
Chircombe, Northam, General AVilliam Crichton, 571
Chittlehana Ilolt Manor House, Chittlehampton, Thomas
Eater, Esq. 213
Clannaborougli House, John Wreford, Esq., J.P. 223
Cleavelands, Northam, Lady Mary Bishop, 571
Clevelands, Axmouth, Edward Levi Ames, Esq. 121
Cloakham House, Axniinster, Henry Knight, Esq. 116
Clovelly Court, Neville Fane, Esq. 228
Cockington Court, Eichard Mallock, Esq. J.P. 228
Coham House, Black Torrington, William Holland Bick-
ford Coham, Esq. J.P. 165
Cole House (or Colhays), Bovey Tracey, Theophilus Levett,
Esq. 167
Coleridge, Stokenham, John Allen, Esq. J.P. 736
Collaton Kirkbam, Paignton, Mrs. Hogg, 590
Colleton Barton, Chulmleigh, Sir F. Williams, 218
Collipriest House, Tiverton, Thomas Carew, Esq. J.P 779
Coly House, Colyton, John Scarborough, Esq. 233
Combe House, Gittisham, Richard Marker, Esq. 455
Combhead, Bamptou, Captain William Levi, J.P. 123
Coombe Hall, Drewsteignton, James Strong, Esq. 305-6
Coombe House, Colebrooke, Arthur Onslow Sillifant,
Esq. J.P. 230
Coombe Royal, AVest Alvington, John Luscombe, Esq. 840
Cornborough, Abbotsham,Edward Urch Vidal, Esq. J.P. 99
Cory ton Park, Kilmington, Frederick Swabey, Esq. 509
Cotford House, Sidbury, Wm. Rooker Bayley, Esq. J.P. 707
Cottage (The), Netherexe, Christopher Hill, Esq. 556
Court Barn, Clawton, Walter Wm. Melhuish, Esq. J.P. 223
Court Barton, Dittisham, Edward Owen, Esq. 301
Court Grange, Abbotskerswell, Mrs. Marcus Hare, 100
Court Hall, Monkton, Mrs. N. E. Gard, 551
Court Hall, Nth. Molton, Rt. Hon. Lord Poltimore, J.P. 574
Court Hall, Sidbury, Right Hon. Stephen Cave, M.P. 707
Courtis Knowle, Diptford, Mrs Catherine Hare, 301
Courtlands, Withycombe Rawleigh, Mrs. O. Browne, 854
Court Place, Parracombe, Chas. Blackmore, jun. Esq. 596
Coventry Lodge, Seaton, Sir Weaker Coventry Trevelyan,
Bart. 701
Cowley House. Brampford Speke, Arthur Wyatt-Edgell,
Esq. J.P., B.A., F.G.S. 174
Craddock, UfFeulme, John Cave New, Esq. J.P. 830
Creedy Park, Sandford, Sir Henry Robert Furguson
Davie, Bart. M.P., J.P. 697
Cross, Little Torrington, John George Johnson, Esq. M.P.,
J.P. 526
Cross House, Northam, Major Jas. Hy. Prendergast, 571
Cruwyshaye, Rackenford, Hy. Chas. Devon, Esq. J.P. 678
Cruwys-Morchard Court, Geo. Jas. Cruwys, Esq. J.P. 250
Culver House, Chudleigh, Rev. Thos. Jno. Yarde,M.A, 216
Culver House, Holcombe Burnell, Edwd. Byrom, Esq. 476
Daison (The), St. Mary Church, William John Potts Cliatto,
Esq. 686
Darley House, Okehampton, Wm. Ponsford, Esq. J.P. 683
Dartington Hall, Arthur Champernowne, Esq. J.P. 254
Dean Court, Dean Prior, Wm. Richard Coulton, Esq. 268
Deer Park, Buckerell, Hon. Colin Lindsay, 194
Delamore, Cornwood, Admiral George Parker, J.P, 239
Denbury House, Misses Gardiner, 269
Derriford House, Egg Buckland, Copplestone Lopes Rad-
clifFe, Esq. 313
Diptford Court, Thomas Rutland, Esq. 301
Downes, Crediton, Major Redvers Hy. Buller, C.B., J.P. 242
Drascombe Farm, Drewsteignton, Arthur Knapman, Esq.
305-6
Dulford House, Broadhembury, Henry Walrond, Esq. 191
Dunchideock House, Walter John Llewellyn, Esq. 306
Dunmore House, Bradninch, Thomas Chalmers, Esq. 171
Dundridge, Harberton, R. Orlibart, Esq, 464
Dunsland, Bradford, Harry Moulton-Barrett, Esq. 169
Dunsland Court, Jacobstowe, Rev. Charles St. Denys
Moxon, B.C.L. 505
Eardley Villa, Berry Pomeroy, Admiral Arthur Parry
Eardley-Wilmot, C.B. 148
Ebford Barton, Woodbury, Miss Ann Greir Lee, 856
Eiford Manor, Egg Buckland, Mrs. Anne Laetitia Clark, 313
Eggesford House, Wembworthy, Right Hon. Earl of
Portsmouth, 839
Endsleigh Cottage, Milton Abbot, His Grace the Duke of
Bedford, 545, 754
Englebourne, Harberton, John Browne Paige-Browne,
Esq. 464
Escot House, Talaton, Sir John Henry Kennaway, Bart.
M.P. 751
Eversfield, Bratton Clovelly, Thomas Ellis Manning, Esq.
J.P. 175
Exeleigh House, Starcross, Sir John Lewes Duntze, Bart.
J.P. 729
Fallapit House, East Allington, Wm. Cubitt, Esq. J.P. 308
Fanfield, Countess Wear, Alexander Harry A. Hamilton,
Esq. J.P. 242
Faringdon House, Edward Johnson, Esq. J.P. 448
Feniton Court, Rev. William Francis Gore, B.A. 450
Flcte, Holbeton, Henry Bingham Mildmay, Esq. 476
Follaton House, Totnes, Stanley Edwd. Cary, Esq. J.P. 820
Ford House, Drewsteignton, John Ponsford, Esq. J.P. 305-6
Ford House, Newton Abbot, Wm. John Watts, Esq. J.P. 557
Fort Hill House, Barnstaple, John Roberts Chanter,
Esq. J.P. 134
Fremington House, W. A. Yeo, Esq. 451
Fuidge House, Spreyton, Samuel Norris, Esq. 729
Fulford House, Dunsford, Edward Clark, Esq. J.P. 307
Fullaford, Buekfastleigh, Exors. of .John Hamlyn, Esq. 195
Fursdon Cadbury, Rev. Edward Fursdon, M.A. 206
Gaddon House, UfFeulme, William Ayshford Wood, Esq. 830
Gatcombo House, Little Hempston, Commander Robert
George Baker, R.A. 526
Glenthorne, Countisbury, William Halliday Halliday, Esq.
J.P. 241
Gnaton Hall, Newton Ferrers, Charles Freeman, Esq. 567
Good-a-Meavy House, Meavy, Edwin Scobell, Esq. J.P. 542
Goodamoor, Plympton St. Mary, Colonel Paul Winslow
Phillipps-Treby, J.P. 666
Goodrington, Paignton, James Brown, Esq. 590
Gosford House, Ottery St. Mary, Sir Henry Anthony Far-
rington, Bart. 585
Graystone, Drewsteignton, Richard Strong, Esq. 305-6
Greenway, Churston Ferrers, Mrs Susannah Harvey, 223
Grimstone House,Whitchurch,MontagueBere,Esq. Q.C.847
Grenofen, Whitchurch, William Henry Chichester, Esq.
J.P. 847
Grove Hill, Topsham, Robert Manning Davy, Esq. J.P. 793
Haccombe House, Misses Carew, 461
Haine, Stowford, Edward Blackburn, Esq. 749
Halberton Court, Thomas Webber, Esq. 462
Haldon House, Kenn, Sir Lawrence Palk, Bart. M.P.,
J.P. 505
Halsdon House, Dolton, William Cory, Esq. J.P. 303
Halshanger House, Ashburton, Jas. Woodley, Esq. J.P. 110
Halwell House, South Pool, Albert PraedHallifax,Esq.727
Halwell Manor House (near Lifton), William Jas. Harris,
Esq. 464
Harefield, Lympstone, William Henry Peters, Esq. J.P. 533
Harewood, Plympton St. Mary, Captain Henry John
Tolcher, 666
Hartland Abbey, Colonel William Lewis Stucley, 467
Hayne House, Plymtree, Frederick Alexander Manfield,
Esq. 672
Hazlewood, Loddiswell, William Peek, Esq. J.P. 527
Heale House, Littleham (near Bideford), Richard Sanders,
Esq. 525
Seats of IVol3ility, Clerg-y and Oentry in IDevonsliire.
11
Heanton House, Heanton Punchardon, Exors. of Sir
Frederick Martin Williams, Bart. M.P., J.P. 471
Heauton Satchville, Huish, Eight Hon. Lord Clinton,
488, 698
Heathlield House, Tamerton Foliott, John AVilliams
Grigg, Esq. J.P. 753
Heaths Court, Ottery St. Mary, Lord Coleridge, 58u
Hembury Fort, Buckerell, William. Porter, Esq. J.P. 194
Hemerdon House, Plympton St. Mary,Mrs.Woollcombe,666
High House, Kenton, Edward Fairfax Studd, Esq. J.P. o09
Hillersdon House, CuUompton, Mrs. Maria Grant, 251
Hillside, Plympton St. Mary, Cecil Edward Bewes, Esq.
J.P. 667
Holcombe Court, Holcombe Eogus, William Carew Payer,
Esq. J.P. 477
Holne Chase House, Holne, Sir B.P. AVrey, Bart. 478
Holwell House, Whitchurch, William Pryce Michell, Esq.
J.P., D.L, 847
Hoo-MeaA^y, Meavy, James Pryse Deacon, Esq., J.P. 542
Horswell House, South Milton, Eev. James Edward
Newell, M.A. 719
Horwell, Colebrooke, Samuel Norrish, Esq. 230
Horwood House, Eev. John Dene, B.A. 488
Hudscott, Chittlehampton, John Baring Short, Esq. 213
Huntsham Court, Charles Arthur Williams Troyte, Esq.
J.P. 489
Hut (The), Tetcott, Vincent Pollixfen Calmady,Esq.J.P.775
Indio, Bovey Tracey, Charles Aldenbury Bentinck, Esq.
J.P. 167
Ingsdon, Ilsington, Charles Hale Monro, Esq. J.P. 500
Jacobstowe Manor House, Charles J. Moxon, Esq. 505
Kelly House, Eeginald Kelly, Esq. J.P. 505
Kenbury House, Exminster, Augustus W. B. Daniell,
Esq. 439
Killerton House, Broad Clyst, Sir Thomas Dj ke Acland,
Bait. M.A., D.C.L., M.P. 189
Kingshurst, Paignton, Eev. Thos. Grainger Hall, M.A. 590
King's Nympton Park, Newell Connop, Esq. 516
Kingswear Castle, Major C. Seale-Hayne, 518
Kingswear Castle, Brixham, Charles Seale-Hayne, Esq.
J.P. 187
Kitley, Yealmpton, Baldwin John Pollexfen Bastard,
Esq. J.P. 861
Knightshayes Court, Tiverton, Sir John Heathcoat
Heathcoat-Amory, Bart. M.P., J.P. 780
Knowle, Clist St. George, Wm. ClulowSim,Esq. J.P. 226
Knowle, Sidmouth, Eev. Eichard Thornton Thornton,
B.A. 709
Knowle House, Salcombe Eegis, Eight Honourable S.
Cave, M.P. 695
Langdon Hall, Wembury, Eichard Cory, Esq. 839
Leawood, Bridestowe, Shilston Calmady Hamlyn, Esq.
J.P. 179
Lee Abbey, Lynton, Chas. Fredk. Bailey, Esq. J.P. 534
Leigh House, Chulmleigh, Miss Mary Preston, 218
Leigham House, Egg Buckland, James John Elliot, Esq.
J.P. 314
Lenwood, Northam, Adderley Barton Wren, Esq. B.A.
J.P. 571
Lew House, Lewtrenchard, Colonel Eichard Cooper, 523
Leywell House, Brixham, Captain Henry Turner Uuiacke,
J.P. 182
Lifton Park, Frank Bradshaw, Esq. 524
Lindridge, Bishop's Teignton, J. G. J. Tern pier, Esq. J.P. 1 62
Little Bray, Charles (near South Moltou), Sir Thomas
Dyke Acland, Bart. 209
Little Efford, Egg Buckland, Geo.AVm. Soltau, Esq.J.P.314
Livonia, Sidford, Colonel Eobert Murray Curry, 708
Longstone, Pilton, John Thomas Fisher, Esq. J.P. 135
Lukesland, Harford, James Johnston Mac Andrew, Esq. 466
Lundy Island, William Heaven, Esq. 529
Lupton House, Brixham, Lord Churston, 182
Lupton House, Churston Ferrers, Eight Honourable Lord
Churston, J.P, 222
Lydford Bridge, Lydford, Daniel Eadford, Esq. 531
I^ynmouth Manor House, Mrs Mary Teresa Lock Eoe, 534
Maisonette, Stoke Gabriel, Capt. Eiehd. Dawkins, E.N. 734
Mamhead Park, Sir Lydstone Newman, Bart. 537
Manadon, Penny Cross, Eev. John Hall Parlby, M.A.,
J.P. 597
Manor (The), Sidmouth, children of the lato George
Edmund Balfour, Esq. 709 . .
Manor Cottage, Bradford, Jsph.Thos. English, Esq. J.P. 169
Manor Cottage, Coryton, Thomas Holdsworth Newman,
Esq. J.P. 241
Maristow, Tamerton Foliott, Sir Lopes Massey Lopes,
Bart. M.P., J.P. 752
Marley House, Eattery, Misses Carew, 678
Marley Lodge, Withycombe Eawleigh, Mrs. Long, 854
Marpool Hall, Withycombe Eawleigh, Exors. of H. Percy,
Esq. 854
Membland Hall, Holbeton, Edward Chas. Baring, Esq. 476
Millaton, Bridestowe, John Gubbins Newton, Esq. 179
Monkaton Manor, Pinhoe, George Edwin Elliott, Esq. 600
Moreton House, Bideford, Mrs Ann Buck, 150
Mothecombe House, Holbeton, Henry Bingham Mildmay,
Esq. 476
Moult (The), Malborough, Viscount Courtenay, 636
Mount (The), Salcombe, Earl of Devon, 693
Mount I3oone, Dartmouth, 256
Mountfield, Musbury, Captain Thomas Still, J.P. 556
Mount Stephen, Halberton, George Coombe, Esq. 462
Mount Tavy, Tavistock, John Carpenter-Garnier, Esq.
M.P. 754
Natsworthy Manor, Widecombe-in-the-Moor, William John
Owen Tucker, Esq. 850
Ness House, Shaldon, Eight Hon. Lord Clifford, 691
Nethercott. Iddesleigh, Lieut.-Col. Wm. Arnold, J.P. 490
Netherton Hall, Farway, Lady Louisa Prideaux, 449
Nethway House, Brixham, Llewellyn Llewellyn, Esq.
J.P, 182
Newcombes, Crediton, Benjamin Wood Cleave, Esq. 247
Newcourt House, Topsham, William Hood Walrond, Esq.
J.P. 793
NewnhaTU_.Eaji, Plympton St. Mary, Misses Dorothy and
TTeorgina Strode, 666
Newton House, Newton St. Cyres, John Quicke, Esq.
J.P. 568
Newton House, Newton Tracey, Major Thomas Howard
Effingham Hogg Dimond Hogg, 570
Northcote Manor House, Burrington,WilIiam Buckingham,
Esq. 205
North Huish Manor House, Thomas King, Esq. J.P. 572
Norton Parks, Dartmouth, Sir Henry Paul Seale, Bart. 256
Nutwell Court, Woodbury, Sir Francis George Augustus
Fuller- Eliott Drake, Bart. 855
Nutwell House, Woodbury, Miss Seliua Northcote, 855
Oakey, Stoke Canon, Charles G-. Ford, Esq. 733
Oakfield Lodge, Buckerell, Miss Margaret Eadcliffe, 194
Oakford Manor House, William Spurway, Esq. 579
Oaklands, Chudleigh, Major-General Charles James
Buchanan Eiddell, C.B., E.A. 218
Oaklands, Okehampton, James Hunt Hollev, Esq. J.P. ; &
Windham Hunt Holley, Esq. J.P. 583
Offwell House, Major J. B. Speid, 579
Ogwell House, West Ogwell, Daniel Eobert Scratton,
Esq. J.P. 844
Oldway, Paignton, Mrs. Isabella Eugenie Singer, 590
Orchard Hill, Northam, Exors. of Thos. Evans, Esq. J.P. 57 1
Orleigh Court,Buckland Brewer, Thos. Eogers, Esq. J.P. 1 98
Otterhead, Church Stanton, Alfred Mellor. Esq. J.P. 221
Ottery St. Mary Manor House, Miss Mary Frances Keble,
Coleridge, 585
Oxenham Manor House, South Tawton, Captain William
John Luxmore, 728
Oxenway, Membury, Eobt. Manning Davy, Esq. J.P. 543
Oxton House, Kenton, Gen. Edward Studd, J.P., D.L. 608
Painsford, Ashprington, Eichard Coaker, Esq. 1 1 1
I
12
@eat^ of IVobility, Olei-g^y and Grentr^^ in I>evoiiNli.ire.
P.imflete, Holbeton, John lUilteol, Esq. 476
riirk(Tlio),Bovey Tracoy, Win. Ilo])t. Hole, Esq. J.P. 167
L*iii'kti')lLl, Paignton, Arthur Hydo Dondy, Esq. 590
P.irford, ijrewsteignton, Wni. Ilichanl Bishop, Esq. 305-6
Park House, Sandford, Elias Tremlott, Esq. 698
Parnacott, Pyworthy, Miss Vowlor, 678
Paschoe, Colebrooko, John Bastin, Esq. 230
].*oamore House, Esminster, Trehawke Kekewich, Esq.
J.P. 439
Perridgo, Holcombe Burnell, Capt. St. John Daubeny, 477
Petticombo, Monkleigh, John Saltren Willett, Esq. 550
Pickwell, Goorgeliam, 453
Pilton House, Charles Henry Williamf?, Esq. J.P. 598
Polapit Taniar, Werrington, Edward Coode, Esq. J.P. 840
Pole House, Ide, Joseph Elliott C. Walkey, Esq. J.P. 491
Poltimore House, Lord Poltimore, 673
Pomeroy, Grittisham, Captain R. Hody Cox, 455
Port Hill, Northam, Admiral Edward P. Charlwood, 571
Portledge, Alwington.Jno. Kichd. Pine Coffin, Esq. J.P. 102
Pound, Buck'and Monachoruni, Rev. Anthony Bailer, 199
Powderhani Castle, Right Honourable the Earl of Devon,
and Lord Courtenay, 674
Primley, Paignton, J. E. Belfield, Esi. 590
Primley Hill, Paignton, William Keates, Esq. J.P. 593
Primley Hill, Sidbury, Richard Taylor, Esq. 708
Puddington Lodge, John Leete Eland, Esq. 677
Puslinch House, Newton Ferrers, Rev. DukeYonge,M. A. 567
Pyne's House, Upton Pyne, Right Honourable SirStaflford
Henry Northcote, Bart. C.B., M.P. 835
Quarry (The), Paignton, Eras. Hoare Spragge, Esq. J.P. 590
Quayheld House, Ilfracombe, Sir Bouchier Palk Wrey,
J.P. 499
Radford Mansion House, Plynistock, Miss Edith Agnes
Surgison, 672
RatclylFe, Clyst Hydon, AValter Matthew, Esq. 225
Ratclyffe House, Clyst Hydon, Edwd. Drew, Esq. J.P. 226
Ravensbury, Dartmouth, Geo. Parker Bidder, Esq. C.E.259
RedclifFe, Paignton, Robert Clodd Smith, Esq. 590
Retreat (The), Northam, Col. Chas. Cambrian Henehy, 571
Retreat (The), Topsham, A. M. Hamilton, Esq. 793
Rode Hill House, Uplyme, John Reginald Erancis George
Talbot, Esq. J.P. 833
Rhydda Bank, Trentishoe, Miss Amelia Catherine
Griffiths, 828
Rhyll House, East Anstey, John Froude Belle w,Esq. J.P. 309
Ringrone, Malborough, Lord Kinsale, 536
Riverside, Northam, Major-General Maxtone Murray, 571
Riversmeet, Topsham, Erancis Davy, Esq. 793
Rockbeare Court, Gilbert Walsh, Esq. 681
Rockbeare House, Colonel Thomas Richard Crosse, 681
Rockhill, Stoketieraing, Richard Brown Cleland, Esq.
J.P. 734
Roeklands, Chudleigh, George Bradford Ellicombe, Esq.
J.P. 217
Rosemont, Alphington, Arthur Chamherlayne Chichester,
Esq. J.P. 101
Rosemount, Ilfracombe, Nathaniel Vye, Esq. J.P., D.L. 499
Rougemont, Exeter. Mrs. Mary Eliza Gard, 412
Rousdon Hall, iSir Henry W. Peek, Bart. M.P., J.P. 683
Rydon House, Talaton, Jonah Pynsent Mathew, Esq. 751
St. Brannock, Braunton, Chas. Hy. Webber, Esq. J.P. 178
St. John's Cottage, Withycombe Rawleigh, 854
St. Loyes, Exeter, Major General Guy Rotton, 320
Salcombe House, Salcombe Regis, Charles John Cornish,
Esq. 695
Salston House, Ottery St. Mary, William Rennell Coleridge,
Esq. J.P. 585
Saltram, Plympton St. Mary, RightHon.Earl of Morley,666
Sanctuary (The), Shobrooke, Honourable James Eitzwalter
Butler, J.P. 706
Sandridge, Stoke Gabriel, Baroness de Virte, 734
Sandwell, Harberton, J. Tayleur, Esq. 464
Seaforth Lodge, Seaton, Lady Louisa Ashburton, 700
Shambles House, Dartmouth, Lieut.-Col. Ridgway, J.P. 263
Sharpham, Ashprington, Richard Durant, Esq. J.P. Ill
Sheaf hayno House, Yarcombo, Sir Erancis George
Augustus Fuller-Eliott Drake, Birt. 859
Shoplcgh Court, ]]lackawton, Lieut.-Col. Alexander Ridg-
way, J.P. 163
Shiphay House, St. Mary Church, Rev. Thomas Kitson,
M.A., J.P. 686
Shobrooke Park, John Henry Hippislt^y, Esq. J.P. 706 ;
Shuto House, Sir William Edmund Pole, Bart. 706
Sidbury Manor House, Thorn: is Sneyd, Esq. 708
Silverton Park, 714
Slade, Cornwood, John Duke Pode, Esq. 239
Slade House, Charleton, Edward Arthur, Esq. 210
Slewton House, Whimple, George Brooke, Esq. 846 ^_|
Smytham, Little Torrington, Capt. Osmund Scott, 527 jH|
South Allington House, Chivelstone, Capt. Thomas HarruH
Pitts, 214
Southlands, Withycombe Rawleigh, Licut.-General Sir
Charles Shepherd Stuart, G.C.B., J.P. 855 ^
Springfield, Northam, Major William Douglas Scott, 57l^|
Stanley Villa, Northam, Col. J. T. Clarke, 571 ^
Staple Court, Hockworthy, William Dester, Esq. 475
Stodcombe House, Axmouth, William Trelawny Hallett,
Esq. J.P. 121
Stevenstone .House, St. Giles-in-the-Wood, Hon. Mark
George Kerr Rolle, J.P. 685
Stoke Cliff Hous9, Dartmouth, Capt. Augustus Peter Ark-
wright, R.N., M.P. 259
Stoke House, Stokefieming, Geo. Parker Bidder, Esq. 733
Stokely House, Stokenham, Sir Lydston Newman, Bart. 736
Stoodleigh Court, Thomas Carew Daniel, Esq. J.P. 748
Stover Hs., Teigngrace, His Grace the Duke of Somerset, 766
Stowford, Harford, Miss Rivers, 466
Strathculm House, Bradninch, Charles Robert Collins,
Esq. J.P. 171
Strawberry Hill, Lympstone, Edwd.Michell Pierce, Esq. 633
Strawbridge, Hatherleigh, Joseph Oldham, Esq. J.P. 469
Street Manor House, Blackawton, Henry Limbrey Toll,
Esq. J.P. 163
Strete Raleigh House, Whimple, Mrs Ann BuUer, 847
Strode House, Modbury, Mrs. Caroline Mitchell, 548
Sydenham House, Marystowe, John Tremavne, Esq. M.P.,
J.P. 541
Tadaport, West Buckland, Murray George, Esq. 842
Tapeley (or Tapleigh), West Leigh, William Langhara
Christie, Esq. M.P. 844
Tawstock Court, George Henry Pinckney, Esq. 764
Torquay Manor House, Sir Lawrence Palk, Bart. M.P. 797
Torr House, Newton Eerrers, Chas. Cornthwaite, Esq. 567.
Torr Villa, Newton Eerrers, Misses Mary & Frances
Yonge, 567
Torre Abbey, Torquay, Robert Shcdden Sulyard Gary,
Esq. 798
Townstall House, Dartmouth, Ralph Richardson, Esq.
M.D., J.P. 263
Tracey House, Awliscombe, George Neumann, Esq. J.P. 1 1 5
Trehill, Kenn, John Henr}' Ley, Esq. 505
Tristford, Harberton, Major John Fincher Trist, J.P. 464
Ugbrooke Park, Chudleigh, Right Hon. Lord Clifford, J.P..
D.L. 216
Upcott, Pilton, Liout.-Col. William Harding, J.P. 598
Upcott Avenel, Sheepwash, W. H. B. Coham, Esq. J.P.,
D.L. 703
Upcott Barton, Beaford, Thomas Webber Snell, Esq. 143
Upottery Manor House, Right Hon. Viscount Sidmouth,
M.P. 833
Upton Lodge, Brixham, Rev. Geo. Hy. Gervaise Cutler, 1 82
Venn, Churchstow, Misses Savery, 222
Venn House, Lamerton, Rev. William Gill, J^P. 520
Venn Ottery Barton, Thomas Yelverton, Esq. 835
Venton, Dartington, James Dimond Moysey, Esq. 255
Waddeton Court, Stoke Gabriel, Hy. Studdy, Esq. J.P. 734
Walreddon House, Whitchurch, Sir T, L. Seccombe,
K.C.S.L, C.B. 848
Seats of* IVotoility, Clei-g-y and Grentry in Devonsliire,
13
WarUigh, Tamertjn Foliott, Mrs. Charlotte Hannah
Eadcliife, 752
W'atennouth Castle, Berrynarbor, Frederick Williams,
Esq. R.N. 146
Way J3artoii, Chagfurd, Thos. Taylor Coniam, Esq. 207
Wear Hall, Wear Gitford, Col. Arthur Hill Millett, 838
Wear House, Countess W^eir, Sir John Thomas Euller
Duckworth, Bart. J.P. 793
Webbery, Alverdiscott, Wm. Anthony Deane, Esq. J.P. 102
Weir House, Topsham, Sir John Thomas Buller Duck-
worth, Bart. J.P, 793
Wellesbourne,Northam, Genl.Wm. Nelson Hutchinson, 571
Wembury House, Kalph Dawson, Esq. J.P. 839
Werrington Park, Col. James Henry Deakin, J.P. 840
Westcott House, Rockbeare, John Elliott, Esq. 681
Weston House, Berry Pomeroy, Matthew Fortescue, Esq
J.P. 148
West Rockham, Cruwys Morchard, "Wm. Tidbald, Esq. 250
Whetcombe, North Huish, Henry Thos. Kingwell, Esq. 572
White Hall, Churchstow, Jno.Weston Peters Gale, Esq. 221
Whiteway House, Chudleigh, Dowager Countess of
Morley, 216
Whitleigh Hall, St. Budeaux, John Croad Henn-Gennys,
Esq. 684
Whyddon Park, Chagford, Rev. Alfred Gresley Barker,
M.A. 207
Widey Court House, Egg Buckland, Rev. J. Morshead, 3 1 3
Widworthy Court, Sir Edward Marwood Elton, Bart. 850
Widdecombe, Stokenham, Arthur Frederick Holdsworth,
Esq. J.P. 736
Willesleigh, Landkey, Gage John Hodge, Esq. J.P. 522
Willestrew Park, Lamerton, John Hy. Gubbin, Esq. 520
Winscott, Peter's Marland, John Curzon Moore-Stevens,
Esq. J.P. 638
Winslade House, Clist St.Mary,Joshiia Dixon, Esq. J.P. 227
Winterbourn House, Teignmouth, Miss Richards, 768
Wiscombe Park, South Leigh, Exors. of Charles Gordon,
Esq. 719
Withecombc House, Witliycombe Rawleigh, Otho Cooke,
Esq. 854
Witliycombe Rawleigh Grange, John Wood, Esq. J.P. 855
Wolford Lodge, Dunkoswell, Captain John Kennaway
Simcoe^ R N. 306
W^onham House, Bampton, John Collins, Esq, J.P. 124
Wonston, Throwleigh, James Dunning, Esq. 778
Woodlands, Kenn, 505
WoodtowD, Sampford Spiney, W^illiam Frederick Collier,
Esq. J.P. 697
Woodtown House, Alverdiscott, Capt. Algernon Capel, 102
Woodville House, Northam, John How, Esq. J.P. 571
"Woody Bay, Martinhoe, AVm. Aysford Sanford, Esq. J.P. 540
Woolston House, Loddiswell. Thomas Wyse Weymouth,
Esq. 527
Worth House, Washfield, Rev. Reginald Worth, 837
Wray Barton, Moretonhampstead, Robert William Crump.
Esq. 552
Yannons (The), Teignmouth, Robert Moir, Esq. 768
Yco Vale, Alwington, Captain Audley Archdale, 102
Yondercott, Uffculme, George Marker Marker, Esq.
J.P. 830
Youlston Park, Sherwell, Sir Arthur Chichester, Bart.
J.P. 705
LIST OF FAIRS IN DEVON SHIEE.
Market days are shown in j^aren
Ashburton (Saturday), (cattle, third Saturday in month),
first Thursday in March and June, and August 10 and
November 11
Ashreigny, Wednesday after January 30
Ashwater, first Tuesday in May, and first Monday in Aug.
Axminster (Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and great
market on alternate Thursday), Tuesday after April 25,
Tuesday after June 24, and Wednesday after Oct. 10
Axmouth, Shrove Tuesday
Bampton (Wednesday and Saturday), Wednesday before
Lady-day, Whit Tuesday, last Thursday in October, and
last Wednesday in November
Barnstaple (Friday), Fridays before March 21 and April 21,
last Friday in July, AYednesday before September 19,
and second Friday in December (wool, January 17,
July 25, and September 18)
Beer {Seaton), Monday after October 14
Bideford (Tuesday and Saturday), February 14 and 15,
second Tuesday in March, last Tuesday in April, July 18,
third Tuesday in September, and November 1 3
Bishop's Morchard, Monday after September 9
Bishop's Nympton, Wednesday before October 25
Bovey Tracey, Easter Monday
Bow (cattle market), first Monday in every other month
Bradninch, first Wednesday in April, and third Wednesday
in September
Bradworthy, September 9
Bratton Fleming, August 19
Bridestowe, first Wednesday in June, and July 29
Broad Clyst, first Mondays in April and September
Broadhembury, second Monday in December
Buclcfastleigh, third Thursday in June, and second Thurs-
day in September
Buckland Monachorum, Trinity Monday, Tuesday, and
Wednesday
Budleigh Salterton, Wliit Tuesday
Burrington, June 17
Chagford (Saturday), first Thursday in May, and last
Thursday in March, September and October
Chawleigh, May 6, and Tuesday before last Thursday in
October
Cheriton Bishop, Monday in Whitsun w'eek
Chudleigh, Easter Tuesday
Chulmleigh (Friday), Easter AVednesday and last Wednes-
day in July
Churchinford, January 25 and 26, and last Friday in April
Clayhidon, June 18
Colyton (Thursday and Saturday), third Tuesday in April,
second Tuesday in October, & Wednesday after March 1 1
Cornwood, first Monday in May, and last Monday in Sept.
Crediton (Saturday), May 11, August 21, and September 21
Cullompton (Saturday), first Wednesdays in May & Nov.
Culmstock, May 21
Dalwood, Wednesday before August 21
Dartmouth (Friday), March and October
Dawlish, Easter Monday
Denbury, September 19
Devonport (Tuesday, Thursday, & Saturday), Whit IMonday
Dodbrooke, Wednesday before Palm Sunday
Dolton, dates not yet fixed
Drewsteignton, Thursday after Candlemas-day, and Thurs-
day after Trinity Sunday
u
IL<ist of Faii*s in Devon sliire.
Dunsford, Monday after September 8
East Budleigh, Easter Tuesday
r^xpter (Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday), third Wodnos-
days in February, May, and July, and second Wednesday
in December
Great Torriagton (Saturday), March 16, May 4, July 5,
and October 10
Ilartland, Wednesday in Easter Week, and September 25
Hatherloigh (Tuesday), May 21, June 22, September 4,
and November 8
Jligh ]3ickington, Monday after May 14
Holsworthy (AVednesday and Saturday), March 14,
April 27, July 9, 10, and 11, and October 2
Honiton (Saturday), Wednesday & Thursday after July 19
Ilfracombe (Wednesday and Saturday), April 14, and
Saturday after August 23
Kilmington, first Wednesday in September
Kingsbridge (Saturday), July 25, 26, and 27
Levvtrenchard, Tuesday before last Wednesday in November
Lifton, February 13
Lydford, Tuesday after July 20
Mem bury, August 10
Modbury (Thursday), May 4
Moretonhampstead, third Tuesday in each month
Musbury, first Monday after Michaelmas
Newton Abbot (Wednesday), February 27, June 24, and
Wednesdays after September 1 1 and November 6
Newton Poppleford, Holy Thursday, and Wednesday after
October 18
North Molton, Wednesday after May 12, and last
Wednesday in October
North Tawton (Thursday), third Tuesdays in April and
December, and second Tuesday in October
Okehampton (Saturday), second Tuesday after March 11,
second Thursday in May, Thursdays after July 5 and
August 5, Tuesday after September 1 1 , Wednesday after
October 1 1 , and Saturday after Christmas-day
Otterton, Wednesday in Easter Week, and Wednesday
after October 10
Ottery St. Mary (Thursday), last Thursdays in March and
September, August 1 and December 5
Paignton, Whitsun week
Parracombe, August 18
Plymouth (Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday), first Mon-
days in April and November
Plympton St. Mary ( Underwood), July 5
Princetown, August 23
Kackenford, July 8, and Wednesday before September 19
Salcombo (Friday), Wliit Tuesday
Sampford Peverell, Monday before last Wednesday in
April
Sand'brd, third Monday in March, and last Monday in
July
Seaton, Whit Tuesday
Shecpwash, second Thursday in March, and Thursday
before October 10
Shute ( Whitford), Monday before Michaelmas-day
Sidbury, Tuesday before Holy Thursday, and Wednesday
before September 20
Sidmouth (Saturday), Easter Monday and third Monday
in September
Silverton, first Thursdays in February and July
South Brent, last Tuesdays and Wednesdays in April an^
September
South Molton (Saturday), Wednesday before June 22, ar
Wednesday after August 26
South Zeal {South lawton), Tuesday in week after festiv^
of St. Thomas-a-Becket (July 7)
Starcross, Whit Wednesday
Stockland, Wednesday after June 11
Tavistock (Friday), second Wednesday in each month
Teigumouth, third Tuesday in January, last Tuesday in
February, and last Tuesday in September
Thorverton, last Monday in February, and Mondav after
July 18
Tiverton (Tuesday), June 6, October 3 ; and market second
Tuesday in each month
Topsham, Thursday after July 18
Totnes (Saturday), May 12 and October 28 ; market first
Tuesday in each month
Two Bridges {Trincetown), Thursday after August 2
Uffculme, first Monday in March, June, September, and
December
Qpottery, Wednesday before Lady-day
Whimple, Monday after Michaelmas-day
Winkleigh, first Wednesday in October, and Monday
after July 8
Witheridge, April 18, Midsummer-day, September 26, and
November 7
Woodbury, May 3
ADDENDA ET COEEIGENDA.
AsHBiTRTGN, page 106, insert ' The Ashburton Institute
in St. Lawrence Street, established chiefly for the working
classes, was opened in October 1878. There are reading,
smoking, recreation and refreshment rooms, and there is a
good supply of newspapers and magazines. Working
men pay 1^. weekly, others 2d., and the excess in the
expenditure is met by voluntary subscription. Mrs
AVhiddon is housekeeper, J. Mortimer, Esq., secretary, and
J. Bickford, Esq., treasurer'; page 107, insert * A School
Board was formed on July 11, 1878, and consists of
Robert Tucker, Esq. (chairman), Rev. J. W. Lay, M.A.,
and Messrs. E. J. Sawdye, P. F. S. Amery, J, Tozer, AV.
R. Whiteway, and H. Steele. Henry M. Firth, Esq., is
their clerk.'
AsHPRiNGTON, page 111, line 3, for ' Westbourn,' read
' Washbourne.'
Aylesbbaee, page 122, to list of members of the School
Board, add ' the Rev. Charles E. Littledale.'
Babnstaple, page 142, in Directory, to Toller John
Henry, for 'deputy coroner,' read * coroner ' ; page 129,
to Holy Trinity Church, line 9, for ' The church contains
a good organ by Holditch, London,' read * A new organ
has been built by Mr W. G. Vowles, of Bristol, at a
cost of £500 ' ; page 126, Town Council, for Mayor—' C.
S. Willshire, Esq.,' read ' W. Avery, Esq. ; ' in North Ward,
to W. Avery, G. Brown, and J. E. Baylis, for ' 1878,' read
' 1881 ' ; in South Ward, to W. Fletcher, for ' 1878,' read
' 1881,' and for 'J. L Knill and J. D. Young, 1878,' insert
'J. G. Hiern and J. Martin, 1881:'
BiDEFORD, page 151, to Town Council, for Mayor —
'James Joce, Esq.,' read ' Thomas Pollard, Esq.'
Bishop's Teignton, page 163, in Director)/, insert
* Carpenter C. F. proprietor of Health Resort.'
Brixham, page 181, insert 'The Local Board District
was formed on December 9, 1862. Mr C. Clarke, sur-
veyor, sanitary inspector, collector, and water bailiff; G.
C. Searle, Esq., medical officer of health, and C. T. Adams,
Esq , treasurer' ; page 182, to the Markets, omit ' are well
supplied with provisions'; page 182, insert 'On the
night of January 10, 1866, a fleet of 64 British and
foreign merchant vessels was anchored in Torbay, and on
the 11th upwards of 40 vessels were driven from their
anchors, and wrecked or stranded. More than a hundred
lives are believed to have been lost, and in the churchyard
AddeiKla et Oorrig-enda,
15
is a monument to 29 men who were buried there. It was
erected by the Brixham Sailors' Eelief Committees, who
applied to the purpose the surplusof a sum of £3211 9s, bd.,
which had been subscribed for the widows and orphans.'
In -OiVec^ry, pages 184 to 188, omit ' Wilson Thomas ' ;
insert 'Nanscawen Richard Hawkins, chief officer of
Coastguard; h 14 Fore street'; omit 'Turner & Co.';
insert ' Tanner Bros, clothiers, 68 Bolton street,' and
• Tanner Joseph (Bros.) ; h 68 Bolton street'; omit ' Price
Kev Recs Charles ' ; insert ' Pool Rev John, curate ; h
King s quay.'
BucKFASTLEiGH, iu Directory, page 196, insert 'Hole
Captain William Henry.'
CoLEBiDGE, page 231, to School Board, to 'Richard
Densham,' add 'jun.'; for 'Killand,' read 'Kelland'; and
for 'F. J. Isaac,' read 'William Leach.'
CoivrpTON GiFFORD, in Directory, page 237, to 'Holmes
Rev Peter,' add '(Exors. of).'
Dartingtox, page 255, insert, ' The old church, being
Very much dilapidated, is now being taken down, and a
new church is now being erected in a more central posi-
tion, near the Parsonage House. The foundation stone
was laid on July 2, 1878, and it is expected that the
edifice will be completed in the spring of 1879. Mr.
Pearson, of London, is the architect. The tower of the old
church will be allowed to stand.'
Dartmouth, page 258, to Post Office information, add
'There is now an additional day mail to London at 10.10
a.m. ;' page 255, insert, ' On July 23, 1878, the Prince and
Princess of Wales visited Dartmouth and the "Britannia"
training ship;' page 257, insert 'On September 14, 1878,
a destructive fire broke out on the premises of Messrs.
Redway & Son, Sand Quay.'
Devonport, page 273, for Deputy-Commissary-General
*W. H. H. Scott,' read ' Charles Mills Molony;' page 272,
line 47, after 'water,' insert 'In October, 1878, a serious
landslip occurred, the ridge of rock which separates the
new dock and the No. 4 or North Dock having given way;'
page 271, Town Council, to W. H. Ching, J. H. Filmer,
£. G. L. Street, Wm. Mogg, J. Beer and R. Williams, for
'1878,' read ' 1881 ' ; f or ' Wm. Crossing, 1878,' read ' John
Perry, 1881'; for 'John McKay, 1878,' read 'William
Whitby, 1881.'
Devonshire History, page 38, to List of School Boards,
add 'East Down, five members, elected October, 1878;
Ashburton, seven members, elected July 11, 1878.'
Devonshire Trades Directory, in Corn Millers, page
922, for Blatchford ' Geo.,' read ' Geo. W. ; ' for ' Carthen'
John, read ' Carthew ;' for Chaffe Nicholas * F,' read ' S ;'
page 923, insert 'Harris Russell, Parkwood road, Tavi-
stock ; ' and ' Johns William, Taviton mills, Tavistock ; '
page 924, for Norman ' John,' read ' John J. ; ' for Rice
' Henry,' read ' Thomas Henry ; ' insert ' Tarr Peter,
Heanton Punchardon, Barnstaple;' to Uglow John, for
' North Rewe, Exeter,' read ' Culm John, Rewe, Exeter ; '
in Appraisers, page 865, insert ' North Edward, Hemyock,
Wellington (Somerset) ;' in Auctioneers, page 867, insert
'Parsons Samson, Lower square, Holsworthy;' in J5feCi^-
s?/w<A5, page 881, for Jackson 'J.'cSc Son, read 'G. ;' in
Booksellers, page 885, insert 'Searle William, 7 Fleet
street, Torquay (^See Advertisement)'; in Etigr aver s, -pagQ
935, to Searle W. for ' Higher ter.' read ' 7 Fleet street';
in Estate Agents, page 936, to Lidstone F. B. for ' 25 South
street,' read ' 16 Queen street'; in Fire, ^r. Offices, page
990, in Royal, to F. B. Lidstone, for ' 25 South street,' read
* 16 Queen street.'
East Down, page 311, insert ' A School Board has been
formed, and consists of the Rev. Thomas F. Arthur (chair-
man) and Messrs. Gerrard Gammon Granville (vice), John
Burnell, Ebenezer Jones, and James Mayne.'
Egg Bucklanb, in Directory, page 314, for Elliot
'John James,' read 'James John.'
Exeter Directory, page 418, for 'Kelly' Augustus,
read 'Keily ' ; pages 380 and 425, for * Pasmore, Savery &
Bladon,| read 'Pasmore, Savery & Pasmore' ; page 423, to
Mousell Brothers, for ' 17 Sidwell street,' read 'London
Inn square'; page 410, for ' Ellis Brothers,' read ' Ellis,
Depree & Tucker.'
Exeter History, page 336, insert ' The " Deer Stalker,"
a group in bronze by Mr. E. B. Stephens, which has been
exhibited at the Royal Academy, has been presented to
the city, and erected on a granite pedestal in front of
the green in Bedford Circus' ; page 331, insert ' The cor-
poration is considering a proposal to form a large drainage
area down the whole valley of the Exe, and to construct a
sewer to receive the drainage of Tiverton, CuUompton,
Crediton, Exeter, Topsham, Lympstone, and Exmouth,
and finally discharge the whole in the sea at Straight Point,
Exmouth. The estimated cost is £200 000 ' ; page 346, to
St. James' Church, insert ' A new chancel with north and
south aisles and choir, and priests' vestry, was completed
in November, 1878. The East window is filled with painted
glass in memory of the late rector (Rev. A. Buckeridge) ' ;
page 332, to City Council, for Mayor ' H. D. Thomas, Esq.'
read ' W. H. Ellis, Esq.' ; and for Sheriff ' W. Cotton, Esq.'
read ' Samuel Ward, Esq.'
Exmouth, page 441, line 10 from bottom, for 'Alexan-
der,' read ' Alexandra.' In Directory, pages 443-8, to
Assembly Rooms, for ' Henry H. Cooper,' read ' W. Tre-
hane ' ; for Benmore Mr. George ' Philip,' read ' Phillips ' ;
to Bickford J. T. omit ' stamp distributor' ; forBIackmore
'Mr,' read 'Mrs'; for Bremridge 'Mr,' read 'Mrs'; to
Burridge Folliott, for ' 8 High street,' read ' and victualler,
North Country Inn, High street; ' omit ' Colmer G. R.'
and ' Cooper H. H.' ; for 'Dipstall' Mr. E, read 'Dips-
tale'; omit ' Halse John'; for 'Humphryes' Wm. read
'Humphries' ; for 'Lancabeer' John, read 'Langabeer';
to ' Lipscomb R. H. ' add ' (on Thursdays) ' ; insert
' Percell Rev. W. H. D'Olier, vicar of Littleham-cum-Ex-
mouth, Trefusis terrace'; to Perriam Frederick, painter
&c., for '15 Parade,' read 'The Cross'; omit * Rocke
Rev. T. J.' ; to Rolle Estate Office, add '(on Thursdays) ' ;
for ' Slowman ' Mr. read ' Sloman ' ; for ' Webber — ,' read
' Webber Mrs Charlotte.'
Frithelstock, page 452, line 8, after ' John How, Esq.,'
insert ' Mrs. Pulman ' ; line 10, after ' tower,' insert ' and
has four good- toned bells'; line 11, for 'Martin,' read 'Mar-
tyn ' ; line 12, omit ' who has a good parsonage house ' ;
line 15, for '£220,' read '£420'; and for 'sixty,' read
'eighty'; in Post Office information, for ' Farringdon,'
read ' Torrington' ; and after 'Wall Letter Box,' insert
' at Stone.' In Directory, omit * Abbott Miss Mary ' ; page
453, omit ' Friendship Joshua ' ; insert 'Walters — , car-
penter, Frithelstock Stone.'
Great Torrington, page 457, to Town Council, for
Mayor, ' James Baldwin, Esq.' read ' Henry Leverton
Mallett, Esq.'
Halberton, page 462, to list of members of School
Board, add ' Mr. W. T. Twose,' who was elected on Sep-
tember 19, 1878, vice Mr. James Gonham.
Harberton, page 465, insert ' A new Wesleyan Chapel
to accommodate 110 persons, has been erected at a cost of
£320, and was opened on August 29, 1878.'
Heanton Punchardon, page 471, to Sir F. M.Williams,
Bart., add ' Exors. of,' he having died on September 3, 1878.
HoNiTON, page 484, to Town Council, for Mayor, 'John
Knight, Esq.' read ' F. C. Glanvill, Esq.'
Huntsham, page 489, line 1, for ' 5 miles from Dulver-
ton,' read ' 4 miles from Morebath ' ; line 7, omit ' ivy-
mantled'; line 13, after 'screen,' insert 'now placed
against the east wall of the chancel'; line 14, for 'and
bear the date 1534,' read 'and the pulpit bears the date
1534' ; line 16, after 'built,' insert ' partly out of money
left,' and for ' Rev. D.' read ' Rev. Dr. Troyte ' ; to Post
Office, for ' 5.50 p.m.' read ' 6.' In Directory, for Troyte
Chas. ' Acland,' read 'Arthur'; to White Wm. for 'High
road,' read ' High wood.'
Ipplepen, page 502, to School Board, for 'Messrs.
16
A.<l<leiida et Corrig-enda,
Eowden, Ilillyer, and Smith,' read * Messrs, John Bowden,
John Smith, jun. and William Sowton.'
Jacoustowk, page 504, line 13, for '£210,' road * £220 ' ;
line lo, for ' £174,' r^ad ' £160.'
Kenn, page 506, lino 8, for * Carswell,' read ' Kerswell.'
In Diredori/, omit * to ISirmiugham Wm. ; for 'Coombos,'
road ' Coombs'; for ' Ilallott ' I'Vodk. read 'Ilollett'; for
' Jobb,' road 'Job'; to Lee Richard, for 'Yews,' read
' Yeos ' ; for ' Ley Mr J. IL' read ' Ley John Henry, Esq.
J.P.' ; for 'Mann' John, road 'Mayne'; to Pago John,
omit 'builder'; to Paul P. Z. for ' Zacharia,' read
' Zachariah' ; to Sanford Joseph, omit .' steward to J. II.
Ley, Esq.' and omit 'Little Woodlands'; omit * to
Sleaman Eichard ; to Strong J., for ' Pinnicombe,' read
'Ponnycombe' ; to Tapper George, for ' Budley,' road
'Budleigh' ; for 'Woodland' John, road ' Woolland' ; insert
'^Majne William, builder' ; 'Woolland Moses, farmer,
Kerswell'; 'Whidborne, Gr. F. farmer, The Hill.'
KiNGSBRiDGE, pago 510, in list of magistrates, line 16
from the bottom, for ' Todd,' road 'Toll.'
Little Tobrington, page 526, line 1, omit 'nearly';
line 6, after ' belong to,' insert ' Mrs Guille and Mrs
Hawortli'; page 527, line 7, omit 'other'; line 8, after
'family,' insert 'the Rolle family, to the Rev. P.Fisher, a
former incumbent, and to the Rev, P. Glubb, tlie late in-
cumbent for 50 years ' ; line 14, for ' £4,' read '£4 65.';
line 20, for ' E.' read ' A. E.' Dayman ; to Post Office
information add ' Letters are received at 8.30 a.m. and
despatched at 5.30 p.m., Sundays excepted.' In Directory,
to Oawsey H., for ' Woodland,' read ' Woodlands ' ; omit
' Coach C ; for ' Coates ' E. A. read ' Gates ' ; to Fairchild
J., for ' Hempshaw,' read ' Hunshaw' ; to Guard E., for
' Horer,' read ' Omer ' ; to Heale John, add ' Cleeve ' ; for
'Hole' Henry, read 'Heale'; for 'Johnson G. J. The
Cross,' read 'Johnson J. G., Cross '; to Judd William, for
Higher ' Halham,' read 'Holham'; for 'Rockley,' read
' Rockey ' ; to Routcliff Samuel, for ' Bradridge,' read
' Broadridge ' ; to Snow A., for 'The Firs,' read 'Frizen-
ham ' ; for Weeks ' William,' read ' John ' ; insert 'Blake
Mrs, infant schoolmistress,' and ' Banbery Mr, farmer,
Cockshilly.'
LoDDiswELL, page 527, line 10, for ' James ' Peek, Esq.,
read 'William.'
MusBURY, page 550, line 4, for Capt. J. T. ' Hill,' read
' Still.'
Newton Abbot, in Directory, page 565, for ' Saltau,'
John, Esq. read ' Soltau.'
Parracombe, p. 596, line 19, insert ' The new church
was consecrated on October 19, 1878.'
Plymouth, page 611, to Parish Church of Charles, add
' Steps are being taken to provide a vicarage house for this
parish ; ' page 607, to list of Public Officers, add ' Borough
Surveyor — Mr Henry Alty ;' pago 609, insert ' The statue
of the late Alderman Alfred Rooker, which has been
erected facing the Guildhall, was unveiled and presented,
by the subscribers, to the town, in September 1878; ' page
617, insert 'The Plymouth Coffee and Cocoa House Com-
pany have opened an establishment in Bedford Street,
which is to be called the Borough Arms ; ' page 608, to
Guildhall, line 3 from the bottom, insert ' A fine organ,
built by Mr. Henry Willis of London, at a cost of £2100,
has been placed in the hall, and was opened by Dr. Stainer
on October 22, 1878'; page 607, to Town Council, for
Mayor, ' Joseph Wills, Esq.' read ' Edward James, Esq.' ;
Sutton Ward, for ' T. B. Harvey, 1878,' read ' G. L.
Tucker, 1881 ' ; and to E. H. James, for ' 1878,' read ' 1881.'
Plympton St. Mary, Directory, in page 663, to ' Phil-
lipps-Treby, Col. P. W.' add ' J.P.'
Plymstock, page 671, insert 'Old Trinity Chapel at
Oreston, has been converted into a Workmen's Hall, and
was opened in November 1878.'
RoBOROUGH, page 681, to 'Gurney Rev. W. W.' add
' (Exors of).'
Sampfobd Coxjetenay, in Directory, page 696, to Day-
mont John and Page Richard, for 'Cliston,' read 'Clisson;'
for Finch Mrs ' J<]mlon,' road ' Emily.'
South Pool, page 726, line 13, for 'A. P. Hallifax,
Esq.' read 'Admiral Parker ;' in Directory, for ' Gumming'
Edward and Richard, road 'Cuming;' page 727, omit
' Langlor John ; ' for ' Mitcheimore,' read ' Michelraore ;'
to Pcitoy Ambrose, for ' Westerncombe,' read ' Wester-
combe;' omit 'Stidworthy Richard;' to Carriers, add
' Ann Mitcheimore, to Kingsbridgo, Monday, Wednesday,
Friday, and Saturday
South Tawton, in Directory, page 728, to Knapman
John, for ' farmer,' read ' yeoman.'
Stoke Fleming, page 733, add 'A new clock, the gift
of Mrs. Clark, has been added to the church.'
Stonehousb (East), page 738, line 24, after ' leases,'
insert 'determinable on the death of three lives, but';
after ' fines,' insert ' on the death of each life ' ; line 25,
omit ' by every succeeding tenant' ; line 31, for ' 1783,'
read '1856'; page 739, line 22 from the bottom, omit
'from which the Royal Marines practise artillery firing' ;
page 740, line 31, for 'Furstone,' read 'Firestone'; page
741, to list of Pillar Letter Boxes, add ' and one at St.
George's Hall.' In Directory, page 747, insert ' Sweet
William, tailor and outfitter, 6 Union street.'
Sutcombe, page 749, line 1, for ' Waldon,' read ' Wal-
dron ' ; to School Board, omit ' William Carter & Daniel
Allin'; and insert 'Henry Copp.' In Directory, page 750,
for ' Ogden Walter,' read ' Winfield. J.'
Tavistock, page 757, insert 'A Musical Society was
formed in October, 1878, of which the Rev. T. Gibbons is
president, and Mr Vincent, conductor.'
Teignmouth, page 769, to West Teignmouth Church,
add ' The organ is being repaired and improved by Mr.
Dicker, of Exeter, and will be placed in the chancel. The
cost will be about £220. It is also intended to renovate
the church, and it is contemplated to have a peal of bells,
towards which £200 has been promised.'
Tiverton, pago 784, to Blundeli's School, insert ' The
School is about to be built at Horsdon'; page 782, to
Councillors, Lowman Ward, omit ' Coleby E. 1878, and
Cosway W. 1878,' and insert ' Cosway W. 1881, and
John Chanin, 1881 ' ; to West Exo Ward, for 'Davey G.
G. 1878,' read 'George Goss, 1881'; and to Pinkston S.
for ' 1878,' read ' 1881 ; ' for Mayor, ' F. Snell, Esq.' read
E. M, Winton, Esq.
Torquay, page 802, insert 'The Torquay and South
Devon Coffee Tavern Co. (lim.), have opened a coff«e
tavern (the " Compton Castle") at 105 Lower Union street.
The cost of fitting-up, &c., was nearly £500. Mr. Poor,
of Devonport, is the manager.'
ToTNES, page 821, to Town Council, for Mayor 'Mr
Alderman J. Roe,' read ' J. P. F. W. Hains, Esq.'
Wibecombe - IN - the - Moor, pago 849, line 7, for
'Jourdan,' read 'Jordan'; line 12, for ' Nolsworthy,'
read 'Notsworthy' ; lino 22, for 'M.A.' read ' B.A.' ; line
26, for 'Leusden,' read 'Leusdon'; line 28, for 'Mrs C.
R. Larpent,' read 'the Dean and Chapter of Exeter' ; line
29, for 'Percival Jackson,' read ' F. J. Bryant'; line 31,
for 'two,' read 'four' cottages; line 32, for '13^.' read
' 10.S.' ; and insert 'A neiv scheme has recently been
issued ' ; to School Board, add ' Mallaby Firth, Esq., of
Ashburton, is their clerk' ; line 38, for 'where remains
of the old family residence are still to be seen,' read ' in
a mansion called North Hall, of which no traces exist at
present.' In Directory, omit ' Andrews Eli ' ; to Blackall
Dr, for 'Joseph,' read 'Thomas'; page 850, to Hext
John, for ' Corundonford,' read ' Corndonford ' ; for ' Jack-
son Rev Percival,' read ' Bryant Rev F. J.' ; omit ' Ken-
naway Mr W.' ; insert ' Balsam Mr, Pitts park, and
Torquay'; to Leaman John, for ' Bavenly,' read 'Baveney';
for ' Norsworthy ' Richard, read ' Nosworthy ' ; for
'Waldrom' Richard, read ' Waldron,' and for 'Bonhill,'
read ' Bunhill ' ; to Warren Charles, for ' Pondswortby,'
read ' Ponsworth^.' .
GENERAL HISTOEY AND DESCEIPTION
OF THE
COUNTY OF DEVON.
DEVONSHIRE, the largest county in England save Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, and the most
western except Cornwall, ranks among the first in agricultural importance, and is the ninth in amount
of population. It has mines of copper, tin, lead, and iron ores ; inexhaustible quarries of durable
granite, slate, lime, building stone, marble, &c. ; and is one of the oldest seats of the lace and coarse
woollen manufactures, of which it still retains a considerable share, though greatly reduced since
last century by the machinery and factories of the midland and northern counties. Occupying the
whole breadth of the central portion of that great south-western peninsula of the British Island
which juts out between the Bristol and English Channels, and having more than 150 miles of sea
coast, and some fine navigable rivers and broad estuaries, Devonshire is one of the naost important
maritime counties in the kingdom. It has many seaports, spacious harbours, and noble bays, and the
great naval station, Plymouth and Devonport, is at its south-western angle, adjoining Cornwall. On
its coast are many handsome and delightful bathing places, the principal of which are Torquay.
Teignmouth, Exmouth, Sidmouth, Dawlish, and Budleigh Salterton, on the south-east coast, cele-
brated for their mild and genial climates ; and Ilfracombe, and Westward Ho, on the north coast.
Devonshire contains 30 market towns, including five parliamentary boroughs, and its large and
handsome capital — the city of Exeter — which is a county of itself. In picturesque beauties, embracing
all the associations of hill and dale, wood and water, fertile valleys, elegant mansions with sylvan
parks and pleasure grounds, lofty moorland hills and dells, and extensive land and marine
views, it yields to no county in England. In its greatest length and breadth it extends about 70
miles east and west, and north and south ; and though of an irregular figure, it may be said to occupy
(if we include its large bays) nearly all the area of a circle 70 miles in diameter, lying between the
parallels of 50 deg. 12 min. and 51 deg. 14 min. north latitude ; and 3 deg. and 4 deg. 30 min. west
longitude. The boundaries of Devon are Somersetshire and part of Dorsetshire on the north-east ;
the Bristol Channel on the north, the river Tamar, which divides it from Cornwall, on the west ; and
the English Channel on the south and south-east, where its coast line is more than 100 miles in extent,
and is beautifully diversified and broken by numerous bays, estuaries, creeks, promontories, and
headlands ; presenting in many places high rocky cliffs, fine sandy shores, pretty towns, villages, and
villas, and busy ports and fishing stations. The north coast, including the large semicircular sweep
of Barnstaple Bay, is more than 50 miles in extent. By 7 & 8 Vict. c. 61 (1844) every detached
part of a county became, on October 20, 1844, for all jnirposes, part of the county to which it had
been annexed by the Boundary Act (2 '& 3 Will. IV. c. 64 s. 26). This Act had enacted (1834)
that every detached part of a county in England and Wales should be for election purposes part of
the county or division by which it was surrounded, or if bounded by more than one part of that
county with Avhich it had the longest common boundary. On October 20, 1844, by the Act which
received the Royal Assent on August 6 of that year, Stockland and Dalwood parishes were severed
from Dorset, and part of Bridgerule parish from Cornwall, and added to Devon ; these places had an
aggregate area of 8568 acres and population of 1941 in 1851 ; on the other hand Thorncombe parish,
Beerhall tithing, and Vaultershome tithing Avere severed from Devon, and the two former added lo
Dorset, and the last to Cornwall ; the area of Thorncombe is 4896 (that of the two others is not
known), and the aggregate population of the three places in 1851 was 2546 : thus there was a net gain
to the county of 3672 acres, but a loss in population of 605. The County is in the Province of Can-
terbury and Western Circuit, and had 601,374 inhabitants in 1871. The area is 1,655,161 acres, or
2589 square miles. The Diocese of Exeter now comprises nearly all the county of Devon.
18
History of l>evoiisliire.
The following table shows the houses and population of the County (proper) of Devon at each
of the Censuses of 1801-71 :—
♦ Houses \
Population
Increase of Population
between the Censuses
Inhabited
Uninhabited
Building
Persona
Males
Females
No. 6f Persons
Rate per
Cent.
12
15
13
8
6
3
3
1801
1811
1821
1831
1841
1851
1861
1871
67,806
62,171
71,349
81,913
94,608
98,387
101,253
105,200
3,241
2,473
3,050
4,200
6,116
6,014
5,560
6,387
?
765
759
1,381
903
751
678
647
340,308
382,778
438,417
493,908
,532,959
567,098
584,373
601,374
156,085
179,452
207,936
235,619
252,616
269,583
279,411
285,248
184,223
203,326
230,481
258,289
280,343
297,515
304,962
316,126
42,470
55,639
55,491
39,051
34,139
17,275
17,001
Increase in 70
years
47,394
3,146 ?
261,066
129,163
131,903
261,066
77
Means of Communication — Eoads. — The highway returns show an extent of roads in Devon far
greater than any of any other county in England, except Yorkshire. In the three years ending
October, 1814, the turnpike roads and paved streets were estimated at 776 miles; and all other
highways, for wheeled carriages, at 5936 miles ; the total expenditure on which was £44,658. In
1836, there were in the county 29 turnpike trusts, the total income of which was £62,024 6s. Id., of
which £11,187 4s. Acl was expended on improvements. In 1839, the expenditure on 6898 miles of
highway was £37,356. The great roads which cross the county from Somerset and Dorset, to
Cornwall, meet at Exeter. The roads which radiate from that city and the principal towns in the
county, and the cross roads interlacing them, are very numerous. From the high fences and
narrowness of many of the roads, together with the perpetual recurrence of hills and valleys, all
extensive prospects are often shutout ; but on the tops of the hills, and where there are no enclosures,
there are many delightful views over the beautiful vales and coasts in their vicinity. Devonshire
abounds in all parts with the best materials for the formation of good roads, and for keeping them in
good repair- The principal roads are generally in excellent condition ; but many of the others are
narrow, with high banks and hedges, and have the disadvantage of frequent steep ascents, even where
they might have been easily carried along the sides of the hills, or through the valleys, with but little
loss in distance, and a great saving in labour, and the wear and tear of carriages. The turnpike
trusts are being gradually abohshed, as Devonshire comes under the Highway Amendment Act
of July 29, 1864. In 1869, a committee appointed by the Devonshire Chamber of Agricul-
ture reported upon the working and efficiency of the Highway Boards throughout the county, and
gave it as their opinion that the cost per mile under the present system considerably exceeds that
under the old. They found that the 25 districts into which the county is now divided contain 5831
miles of road, that the average number of miles in each district is 242, and that, generally speaking,
the amount paid for salaries' and common charges does not vary in any very important degree, and
amounts to about 13s. 3^d. per mile. The roads are now thoroughly macadamised, principally wdth
broken limestone, of which there is a plentiful supply. ( See also page 29.)
Railways. — There are in the county two old railways, or tram roads, on which waggons are
drawn by horses. One of these is the Dartm.oor and Plymouth Tramway, which extends about 18
miles southward from the extensive granite quarries, near Prince Town, in Dartmoor. It was made
under an Act passed in 1819, and amended by two other Acts, passed in 1820 and 1821. It has a
short branch to the lime works at Catdown, and to Sutton Pool, at Plymouth. The other mineral
line is on the other side of Dartmoor, and extends about six miles, from Haytor Granite Works to the
Stover Canal. By means of this tram road and canal immense quantities of granite were formerly
carried down to Teignmouth for exportation, and coal, manure, &c., taken up for the use of the
neighbourhood ; but it has now for some years been disused.
Devonshire is intersected with railways ; the South Devon line, which is now worked by
the Great Western, runs along the coast to Plymouth, and has branches south to Torquay and Dart-
mouth, and north to Moreton-Hampstead. From Totnes, the Totnes and Ashburton Eailway passes
by the banks of the river Dart, and has stations at Staverton and Buckfastleigh. From Devonport
there is direct communication with Torrington,-by means of a railway skirting nearly the whole of the
western side of the Forest of Dartmoor, and joining the North Devon line at Yeoford. The rail from
Exeter to Exmouth connects those places, and the London and South Western reaches Exeter from
Waterloo Bridge, and has a branch to Seaton, and another through Ottery St. Mary to Sidmouth.
The Teign Valley line from Jews Bridge (near Chudleigh) is in course of construction, and railways
History of Devonsliire. . 19
are also contemplated from Exeter to Chagford, and from Prince Town to Horrabridge, in order to
connect Plymouth with the Capital of the Moor. The Devonshire lines are now all virtually worked
either by the Great Western, or the London and South "Western Company.
The lines of communication in Mid Devon are fast returning to the ancient trunk routes, via
Bristol to Launceston and Falmouth ; and via Exeter and Okehampton to all the mining districts.
In a year or two the South Devon route will be left to invalids and pleasure seekers. Ashbury
station, on the Mid Devon line, is about to be opened ; also Halwell and Holsworthy — and so all the
ancient history of sixteen centuries will be revived. At Ashbury is the junction of the North Devon
and the Mid Cornwall lines, and thus direct communication is afforded to London and the Midlands.
While for centuries Broadbury Castle was held by the Keltic power against the Romans, Okehampton
by the Saxons against the British, and Exeter by the Normans against the Saxons, in all this long
period the stream of intercourse through Mid Devon equalled that through North and South Devon
put together.
Rivers. — The principal rivers of this Coimty are the Axe, Otter, Exe, Teign, Dart, Erme,
Yealme, Plym, Tamar, Tavy, and Torridge — all of which are more or less navigable. The chief
of the smaller ones are the Bovey, Bray, Coney, Coly, Creedy, Culm, Little Dart, Dawl, Kenn,
Lemmon, Lyd, Lynn, Mole, Oke, East and West Okement, Sid, Tindal, Tynhay, Tale, Walden, Wray,
and the Yeo. In Dartmoor, the great tableland of Devon, some of its principal and many of its
smaller rivers have their sources ; all radiating from within the circuit of a few miles, on this central
fountain head, and flowing down the slopes of its high summits to almost every point in the compass.
Of the most important of these, the Dart — the ' Durius ' of Richard of Cirencester, in old writings
called the ' Darant ' — (and hence the name Dartmoor), runs south-east from Okement Hill ; about
three miles below Two-Bridges it receives the waters of a large tributary known as the * East Dart,'
and thence under the name of the ' Double Dart ' flows in a winding course to Totnes, and at the
end of about 35 miles gradually widens into a deep navigable estuary, and falls into the English
Channel at Dartmouth Haven. Its course is tidal for 10| miles. The East and West Okement,
though they rise near the same hill as the Dart, take an opposite course, and unite at Okehampton,
whence the stream runs northward to the Torridge, a large river which rises in the north-west angle
• of the county, and after taking a very tortuous course, flows past Torrington to Bidef ord, where it
becomes navigable for large vessels, and, after a course of 45 miles, issues into an estuary at Barn-
staple Bay, common to it and the Taw. Its course is tidal for about 15 miles. The Taw rises in
Dartmoor, and flows northward past Chulmleigh, where it meets the Little Dart, and then, pursuing
a north-west course, receives various tributary streams, among which is the Mole, from Exmoor and
South Molton ; and after a course of about 45 miles, flows, by Barnstaple, into the Bristol Channel,
through the same estuary as the Torridge. It is tidal in its course for 11-| miles, and large vessels
come up to Barnstaple. The Tavy rises in the centre of Dartmoor, and flows past Tavistock to the
Tamar, a large river which rises near the north-western extremity of the county, and flows south-
ward to Plymouth Sound, forming, with a few slight exceptions, the boundary of Devon and
Cornwall, in its course of nearly 50 miles, in which it is navigable to Launceston, whence a canal
extends northward in the valley to Bude Haven, with a branch to Holsworthy, &c. There is also a
canal from the Tamar to Tavistock. The Teign originates from two branches, called the East and
West Teign, both rising in the most elevated district of Dartmoor. The former is the main branch,
and flows eastward between the Dart and the Exe, from Chagford to Dunsford, and thence southward
to Chudleigh, below which it receives the West Teign, or the Wray. Passing southward to Newton
Bushell, the Teign turns eastward, and runs in a fine estuary to Teignmouth, about five miles below,
where its waters are lost in the English Channel. The Plym rises in Dartmoor, and runs southward
to Plymouth, in a course of about 15 miles. It mingles its waters with those of the Tamar, in
Plymouth Sound. The Erme and the Avon, between the Plym and the Dart, are also considerable
rivers, rising in Dartmoor, and flowing southward to the English Channel. The Exe, the ancient
Isca, the most important river of Devonshire, as noticed with Exeter, has its sources in the forest
of Exmoor, in Somersetshire, within a few miles of the Bristol Channel, and about 36 miles
north by west of Exeter, to which it flows in a sinuous course, by Dulverton, Tiverton, and
Exeter to Topsham, where it expands into a noble estuary, extending nearly six miles, to Exmouth,
where it falls into the English Channel. It is navigable for ships to Topsham, and from thence there
is a broad and deep canal to Exeter. The whole course of the Exe, including all its windings, is
about 70 miles. Archdeacon Hale observes, ' that some few miles from where the Exe rises, towards
the west, is a large standing lake, always full, the depth of the bottom of which is unknown.' It
opens a subterranean passage, and breaks out again a few miles distant. Mr. Polwhele conjectures
that this lake is the crater of an extinct volc^mo. The principal tributaries of the Exe are the
Batiiam, Loman, Creedy, Clist, Culme, and Kenn. The Batham, rising near Clayhanger, falls into
the Exe about a mile below Bampton. The Loman, rising in Somersetshire, passes by Up Lowman
and Craze Lowman, and falls into the Exe at Tiverton. The Creedy, which rises near Cruwys-
■n2
^20 History ol" Devonshire.
Morchard, passes near Crediton, Newton St. Cyres, &c., and falls into ihe Exe, near Cowley Bridge.
The Clist, after passing through the six parishes to which it gives name, falls into the Exe, at
Topsham. The Culme, rising in Somersetshire, passes Church Stanton and liemiock, through
Culmstock and UiFculme, near Cullompton and Stoke Canon, and falls into the Exe, near Cowley
Bridge. The Kenn rises near Dunchidiock, and, running by Kenford and Kenn, falls into the Exe,
between Kenton and Powderham. The little river Yeo falls into the Creedy, near Crediton.
Another Yeo (a tributary of the Dart) was anciently called the 'Ashburn' (hence Ash burton) ; it
rises under Rippon Tor, flows through Ashburton, and meets the Dart after a course of about six
miles, at Buckfastleigh. The Axe rises in Dorsetshire, and near Ford Abbey becomes for a while
the boundary of the two counties ; thence it runs to Axminster, and, after passing between Colyton
and Musbury, falls into the sea between Seaton and Axmouth. The smaller rivers Yarty and Colv
fall into the Axe. The Otter rises in Somersetshire, near Otterford, and flows thence to Up Ottery,
Honiton, Ottery St. Mary, and Otterton, below which it opens into a short but broad estuary, which
terminates in the English Channel, near Budleigh- Salterton. The small river Sid rises near Sidbury,
and, passing through Sidford, falls into the sea at Sidmouth. The IIarburn, rising on the edge of
Dartmoor, runs near Harberton, and falls into the Dart, near Ashprington. The small rivers which
fall into the Tamar are the Wick, Derle, Deer, Cary, Claw, Lyd, and Tavy, on the western side of
the county. The little river Waldron, which rises near Brad worthy, runs near Sutcombe and
Milton Damerel, and falls into the Torridge, near Bradford. The Little Dart rises near Eackenford,
and passing near Witheridge, Worlington, and Chulmleigh, falls into the Taw below the latter place.
The small river Bray rises near Parracombe, and passing East Buckland, King's Nympton, &c., falls
into the Taw, near Newnham Bridge. The Lyn rises on Exmoor, and, after a course of ten miles,
tails into the Bristol Channel, near Linton.
Navigable Kivers, Creeks, and Canals. — The Exe is navigable for large vessels up to Topshara,
whence there is a canal for sloops and barges up to Exeter. The Teign is navigable to Newton
Bushell, between which and King's Teignton it is joined by the Teigngrace Canal. The Dart is
navigable from Dartmouth to Totnes. A fine estuary runs inland about five miles, from Salcombe to
Kingsbridge, and is navigable for sloops and barges. This estuary has several navigable creeks,
branching from each side, and affording the adjacent parishes the means of importing lime, sand,
and other manures, and of exporting their produce. The Yealm is navigable for sloops and small
brigs, to Kitley Quay. The Tamar is navigable to New Quay, twenty-four miles from Plymouth, for
vessels of 130 to 140 tons, and up to Morwellham Quay, for vessels of 200 tons. The Plym is
navigable at Catwater, near its mouth, for men of war ; and vessels of forty or fifty tons go up as far
as Crabtree. The Torridge becomes navigable for boats at Wear GifFord, and for ships of large bur-
then at Bideford. The Taw is navigable to Barnstaple, for vessels of 140 tons, and up to New
Bridge for small craft ; but large vessels can anchor within three or four miles of Barnstaple. Exeter
Canal is noticed with Exeter ; and the Grand Western Canal with Tiverton. The latter was in-
tended to pass through a great part of Devon, but only extends to Tiverton. In 1792 an Act of
Parliament was passed for making the Stover Canal, from the Railway of Haytor Granite Works,
near Bovey Tracey, to the Teign, near Newton Abbot ; with a collateral cut to Chudleigh. The
former was finished in 1794, but the latter not till 1843. (See Chudleigh and Newton Abbot,) The
Tavistock Canal, to Morwellham Quay, on the Tamar, was constructed under the powers of an Act
passed in 1803, but was not completed till J 817, as noticed with Tavistock. In 1819 an Act of
Parliament was obtained for making the Bude Canal, from Bude Haven, on the Cornish coast, to the
Tamar Valley, and thence eastward to Thornbury, &c., in Devon; and southward, doAvn the valley,
to Launceston. At Burmsdon, a branch of this canal proceeds to Moreton Mill, and to a large
reservoir on Longford Moor ; and from Veale a branch extends to Vorworthy. There are inclined
planes, and a tunnel of considerable length, in its route to Thornbury. One of its chief objects is to
facilitate the introduction of Welsh coal into Devon.
The Climate of Devonshire is so mild on the southern coast that, in flourishing gardens, orange
and lemon trees, myrtles, &c., grow in the open air, with little shelter during the winter. The
laurels and bays of Devon are held to be the most beautiful evergreens in the world. Broad-leaved
myrtle trees have grown here to the height of thirty feet, with branches spreading nearly from the
roots, where the stalk or trunk was from 1-^ to 2 feet in circumference. Swallows have been seen
feeding their young in the latter part of September ; and martins flying, during mild weather, at
Christmas. The mean annual temperature, from eleven years' observation, was found to be 52 deg.
5 rnin. ; but from its advanced position in the ocean, the climate of Devon is unquestionably a moist
one, especially in the vicinity of the mountainous districts, where the air is often cold and damp.
Even the mild south-eastern parts of the county are often pervaded by the ' Devonshire drizzle,' which
is a rain so light as to deposit itself in a thick dew, attended by a grey cloudy sky ; but these drizzles
seldom continue for an entire day, and the accompanying warm temperature takes from them the
usual injurious effects of damp weather in colder climates. Indeed, the climate of Devon is con-
History of* I>evoiisliijfe.
21
sidered by medical men to be so healthy and auspicious to invalids, that a residence within its
bounds is generally advised, in preference even to Lisbon or the South of France. Epidemics occa-
sionally prevail, and in 1849 the cholera was very fatal at Plymouth, Devonport, and some other
places.
County Divisions. — The division of the country into counties is of very ancient date, these
divisions being mentioned in the laws of Ina, King of Wessex, in the seventh century. In the later
Anglo-Saxon times we find a shire mote (or county court) held twice a year, and presided over by the
alderman, or earl, and the bishop, its functions being judicial. The sheriff was the officer appointed
by the king to cany out the decrees of the court, to levy distresses, take charge of prisoners, &c.
The sheriff was at first only an assessor, but he afterwards became joint president, and, finally, sole
president. This court survived the Norman Conquest, and Mr. Hallam thinks (' Middle Ages,' vol. ii.
p. 277) it greatly contributed to fix the liberties of England by curbing the feudal aristocracy. The
lord lieutenant of the county formerly had tlie management of the militia, yeomanry, and the volun-
teers, and he ' still recommends persons for commissions or first appointments to the rank of cornet,
- ensign, or lieutenant in those Ibrces ; and he is still charged with the duty of raising the militia by
means of the ballot, whenever such a course may become necessary. He also recommends those of the
gentry whom he deems fit to hold the appointments of deputy lieutenants or county magistrates. But
his other powers and duties have been considerably diminished by the Regulation of the Forces Act,
1871, as many have by that Act reverted to the Crown, and are now exercised by the Secretary for
the War Department.' The Lord Warden of the Stannaries of this county and Cornwall has many of
the powers of a lord lieutenant.
Parliamentary Divisions, &c. — The county, by the Representation of the People Act, 1867, is
now divided into North, South, and East Devon, and each division returns two members. Barn-
staple is the capital of the Northern Division, and the other polling-places are Bideford, Crediton,
Cullompton, Great Torrington, Ilfracombe, South Molton, and Tiverton ; Exeter of the Eastern
Division, and the other polling-places are Ashburton, Honiton, and Newton Abbot ; and Plymouth
of the Southern Division, and the other polling-places are Kingsbridge, Okehampton, and Tavistock.
(The hundreds in each division are shown in the table on page 22.) The following table shows
the territorial extent of each division, the number of houses, population, and electors in 1871 (ex-
cluding represented city and boroughs) : —
Acres
Houses
Population
Electors
Inhabited
Uninhabited
Building
Persons
Males
Females
East Devon .
North Devon .
South Devon .
420,714
652,346
543,587
31,724
27,234
19,977
1,988
1,688
1,202
217
164
79
160,788
130,775
101,898
73.950
63,766
60,431
86,838
67,009
51,467
10,199
9,883
8,160
1
Exeter is a represented city and returns two members. Plymouth, Devonport, Barnstaple, Tiverton,
and Tavistock are Parliamentary boroughs, and the four first return each two members. The
boroughs of Plympton, Okehampton, and Beeralston, together sending four members, were disfranchised
by the Reform of 1832, previous to which the county sent twenty-six representatives. Tavistock,
by the Act of 1867, lost one of its members, and by that of 1868 (the Scottish Reform Act), Ash-
burton, Dartmouth, and Honiton were disfranchised. The Borough of Totnes has also ceased to
return any members, and the total number of representatives from this county to the House of
Commons is now 15.
County Voters. — In the North Division there are now 9613 electors, in the South 8115, and
in the East 10,376. Total, 28,104. The present members of Parliament are, for the Northern
Division, Sir Stafford Northcote (Chancellor of the Exchequer) and Sir Thomas Dyke Acland; for
the Eastern District, Sir Lawrence Palk and Sir J. H. Kennaway; and for the South Sir Massey
Lopes and Mr. J. Carpenter Garnier.
Borough Voters. — The City and County of the City of Exeter is at present representeJ by
I\Ir. Arthur Mills and Mr. J. G. Johnson. There are 6645 electors.
Plymouth has a constituency of 4750, and the members are Messrs. E. Bates and Sampson S.
Lloyd. Devonport, represented by Messrs. John H. Puleston and George Edward Price, has 3560
voters. Tiverton, with Sir J. H. Amery and the Right Honble. Wm. M. Massey for its members,
contains 1378 electors. Barnstaple is represented by Messrs. T. Cave and S. D. Waddy, and their
constituents number 1606. Finally, Tavistock last returned Lord Arthur Russell, and the borough
contains 838 electors. The total number of borough voters, inclusive of the Shire of the City of
Exeter, is 18,777.
The following enumeration of the 33 hundreds and the 11 municipal boroughs which the county
22
Hifeitory oi' I>evoiisliire.
comprises shows their territorial extent, and their inhabited and uninhabited houses, houses building,
and pojDulation (males and females) in 1871. In this table the municipal cities and boroughs, whether
recognised by the Municipal Corporations Keform Act of 1835, or incorporated since 1835, are ex-
cluded irom the hundreds in which they are locally situated, and given separately ; but the municipal
incorporations of Bradninch, Okehampton, and Plympton Earl's, not being under the Municipal
Corporations Act (5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 76), are returned in the hundreds in which they are respec-
tively situated: —
Hnndrrrls &lc Area in
Houses
Population |
J-LlliiU.lCLii:3> UvVa
Acres
Inliabited
Uninhabited
Building
Persons
Males
Females
*Axminster ....
47,679
2,141
89
__
10,693
5,293
5,300
Bampton
28,757
1,373
85
4
6,419
3,243
3,176
§Black Torrington
145,202
3,505
194
10
1,787
8,953
8,834
Braunton
70,804
3,205
207
36
15,297
7,242
8,055
*Cliston
15,471
745
19
4
3,630
1,804
1,826
§Coleridgo
50,218
2,397
143
2
11,108
5,391
6,717
*Colyton
28,487
1,685
75
11
8,063
3,737
4,326 i
Crediton
37,216
2,385
150
8
10,715
5,153
5,562 1
*East Budleigh
53,739
4,978
311
40
23,403
10,357
13,046 i
§Ermington .
50,288
2,091
117
7
10,250
5,098
5,152 1
*Exminster .
48,250
4,118
283
70
21,111
9.358
11,753 i
Eremington .
31,384
1,184
47
7
5,854
2,822
3,032
Halberton .
8,744
568
24
1
2,698
1,336
1,362
Hartland
31,718
860
95
7
4,139
2,074
2,065
Hayridge .
46,528
2,610
139
6
11,958
5,888
6,070
*Haytor
62,583
9,085
639
64
51,445
22,699
28,746
Hemyock
28,288
1,044
78
5
4,837
2,424
2,413
§Lifton
133,300
2,803
145
8
15,212
8,200
7,012
North Tawton
59,415
2,257
147
7
11,131
5,488
5,643
*Ottery St. IVIaiy
9,942
904
36
8
4,110
1,918
2,192
§Plympton
83,877
2,066
81
13
11,159
5,304
5,855
|Roboroiigh
57,231
3,790
327
23
26,983
12,697
14,286
Shebbear
73,250
3,194
230
42
15,717
7,470
8,247
Shervvill
47,648
860
45
7
4,295
2,131
2,164
South Molton
63,584
1,769
104
3
8,653
4,437
4,216
§Stanborough
63,608
3,175
145
13
15,327
7,405
7,922
§Tavistock .
19,279
1,399
57
2
8,909
4,218
4,691
^Teignbridge .
58,520
2,839
193
9
13,850
6,748
7,102
Tiverton
6,049
177
7
—
915
476
439
West Budleigh
17,367
591
50
1
2,714
1,347
1,367
Winkleigh .
9,118
299
21
1
1,402
686
716
Witheridgo
79,797
1,952
126
3
9.709
4,977
4,732
*AVonford .
94,888
6,048
393
22
30,090
14,259
15,831
*ExETEii City
1,664
5,868
341
61
34,650
15,422
19,228
Boroughs
Barnstaple ....
1,750
2,318
62
18
11,659
5,211
6,448
Bideford
3,196
1,355
70
19
6,969
3,224
3,745
§Dartmouth
(a) 1,847
831
57
3
5,338
2,555
2,783
§Devonport
1,760
4,269
269
34
49,449
25,208
24,241
*Honiton
3,066
677
35
2
3,464
1,649
1,815
§Plymouth
1,395
7,289
533
49
68,758
31,578
37,180
South Molton
6,264
855
36
—
3,978
1,881
2,097
Tiverton
17,491
2,172
97
5
10,024
4,508
5,516
Torrington
3,456
727
27
7
3,529
1,550
1,979
*Totnes (part of) (b)
126
14
. .
605
266
339
§Totnes (part of) (^>)
1,034
616
44
5
3,468
1,563
1,905
Total .
1,655,161
105,200
6,387
647
601,374
285,248
316,126
Notes akd References. — (a) The areas of the parishes which are c7iUrely within the borough of Dartmouth
amount, according to the computation of the Tithe Commission, to 1918 acres (including 150 acres of water). A part
of the parish of Stokefleming, the area of which is not known, is also within the borough. According to the compu-
tation of the Ordnance Survey Department, however, the aggregate area of the borough, excluding water, is 1847
acres, as stated above.
{h) The area of that part of Totncs borough in East Devon is not known ; it is included in that of the hundred
of Haytor.
Marked * are in the Eastern Parliamentary Division of the County, § in the Southern, and the rest in the
Northern Division.
History of I>evoiisliire.
Hundreds. — The Teutonic races very early divided their territory into Hundreds (see Tacitus,
Germ. 6 and 12) ; but we cannot tell what constituted a Hundred, though some writers have
conjectured that it consisted of 100 families. The Court of the Hundred (hundred mote), which
was held by its own hundred men under the writ of the sheriff, was a court of justice for all suitors
in the hundred. But all important cases were tried by the county court (shire mote), and in
course of time the jurisdiction of the court of the hundred was restricted to the trial of petty
offences and the maintenance of a local police, until it was finally superseded by the petty sessional
divisions. Every man whose rank and property did not afford an ostensible guarantee for his good
conduct was obliged, after the reign of Athelstane, to find a surety. This surety was afforded by the
TEOTHING or TYTiiiNG, which smaller division we find in the later Anglo-Saxon times, and in the south
of England. The members of the tything formed as it were a perpetual bail for one another's
appearance in case of crime, with apparently an ultimate responsibility if the criminal escaped or if
he was not able to pay the penalty incurred.
The towns not under the Municipal and Corporation Act are Bradninch, which has a corporation
with a jurisdiction co-extensive with the borough ; Okehampton, which has also a mayor and
corporation ; and Plympton Earls, which, although it possesses an ancient charter, has of late years
refrained from electing a mayor or other officers. Tavistock (which is still), and Ashburton (which
has been until recently a parliamentary borough), are governed by port-reeves, elected annually by
the freeholders sworn for that purpose at the court leets of the lords of the respective manors. The
boroughs mentioned in Domesday were Exeter, Barnstaple, Okehampton, Totnes and Lydford.
Apart from those already mentioned, the towns of next importance in Devonshire are Torquay,
with a population of 21,657; Brixham, 4941; Exmouth, 5614; Teignmouth, 6751; Crediton,
4222 ; Cullompton, 2205 ; Dawlish, 3622 ; Ilfracombe, 4721 ; Newton Abbot, 6082 ; Topsham,
2514; Ottery St. Mary, 4110 ; Sidmouth, 3360; Lynton, 1170; Northam, 4330; Paignton, 3590 ;
St. Mary Church, 4472, and many smaller towns.
Civil Parishes and Townships, and Extra-Parochial Places. — By a civil parish or town-
ship is meant a place (by whatever designation it may be called) Avhich has its own overseers, and in
which a poor rate is separately levied. In Devon, with a very few exceptions, they are identical
with the ancient ecclesiastical parishes. Extra-parochial places are those which are not included in
any parish or township, either for ecclesiastical or poor law purposes. These places are found usually
have been the sites of religious houses or of ancient castles, the owners of which were able in former
mes to prevent any interference on the part of the civil authorities within their limits : the royal
rests, and some tracts of land acquired in recent times, either by reclamation from the sea, or by
e drainage of fens, also had like exemptions. Most of these places have, under 20 Vict. c. 19 and
1 & 32 Vict. c. 122, been formed into new parishes or annexed to adjacent parishes for poor law
poses ; a few, however, still remain. Many of the ancient ecclesiastical parishes into which the
county Avas divided at an early period have been divided for ecclesiastical purposes ; some of these
new ecclesiastical districts comprise parts of two or more ancient parishes.
The Poor Law. — In feudal times the poor were supported by their lords, and later they were
allowed to beg, and were chiefly supported by the monastic and other religious institutions. The
dissolution of the religious houses by Henry VlII. deprived the poor of this means of support, and
greatly increased their numbers. Voluntary collections were first ordered in their behalf under 27
Henry VIII. c. 25 (1536), and the first compulsory assessment was made by 43 Elizabeth c. 2 (1601).
This law was, until recent times (1834), the text book of the English poor law. The overseers of
each parish were directed to provide work for indigent poor, and workhouses were first established by
9 Geo. I. c, 7. These Avorkhouses, which were a kind of manufactory, at length pauperised the indepen-
dent workman, encouraged improvident marriages, and set a premium on immorality. Labourers'
wages were frequently paid in part from the relief fund, and thus a portion of the work of the
farmers was done at the expense of the parish. In 1832 the Poor Law Commissioners were appointed,
and in 1834 they made their report. Since this time the poor rates, which had risen rapidly, have
again fallen, as shown in a subsequent page.
Unions, Registration Districts and Eegistration County. — By the Act for the Amendment
and better Administration of the Laws relating to the Poor (4 & 5 Will. IV. c. 74 s. 26 (1834), the
Legislature in 1834 entrusted to the Poor Law Commissioners the power of forming new districts
called UNIONS without any such reference to coimty limits as was observed in the constitution of the
analogous hundreds, sessional divisions and sub-lieutenancy sub- divisions. These unions having
staffs of ofiicers and rating powers were in 1836, by 6 & 7 Will. IV. c. 86, made the basis of the regis-
tration districts in which the births, deaths, and marriages have been since registered. These districts
are identical in Devon with the poor law unions or incorporations, except that Lundy Island, which
is in the Bideford district, is not in any union. And as the districts consist of sub-districts, the sub-
districts of parishes or townships, so the districts were grouped together to form the union or registra-
tion counties, which differ somewhat from the coimty proper.
24
History of r>evoiisliiire.
The area of the county proper Avithin the limits as left by Acts 2 & 3 Will. IV. c. G4 (1832),
and 7 & 8 Vict. c. 61 (1844), is 1,055,101 acres, that of the union or registration county 1,643,343
acres; the area of places annexed to the county to form the registration county is 49,169 acres, and
of places severed 60,987 ; thus showing a loss to the county of 11,818. Of the acres of the county
proper in other registration counties, 27,057 are in that of Cornwall, and 33,930 in Somerset ; of the
acres of other counties proper included in the registration county of Devon, 17,284 are in Dorset,
11,394 in Cornwall, and 20,491 in Somerset. The population of the county proper in 1871 was
601,374, and of the union county 606,102 ; the population of the places annexed to the county
proper to form the union county was 14,022, and of places severed 9294, showing a gain of 4728 to
the union county. Of the population of the county proper in other registration counties 30G9 were
in Cornwall, and 6225 in Somerset ; of the population of parts of other counties proper in Devon
union county, 6627 were in Dorset, 7056 in Cornwall, and 339 in Somerset. The parishes annexed
or severed will be specified in the notes to the following table : —
Area in
Population
Slalcs
Females
Houses
in 1871
Rateable
Building
Value
1801
1861
1871
1871
1871
Inliabited
and
Empty
§ Axminster
61,159w
14,452
19,758
20,059
0,538
10,521
4,120
226
£
105,527
Barnstaple
140,729w
21,556
36,293
37,406
17,513
19,893
7,710
438
180,659
Eidftford .
63,864w
12,284
17,790
19,506
9,172
10,334
3,944
359
62,098
Crediton .
91,866
18,070
20,274
19,406
9,535
9,871
4,192
291
111,882
East Stonehotiso
190
3,407
14,343
14,585
6,844
7,741
1,340
43
14,284
Exoter (/) . .
1,664
17,412
33,742
34,652
15,423
19,229
5,869
402
153,103
1 Holsworthy
82,519
7,568
9,876
9,427
4,779
4,648
1,871
84
41,918
Iloniton .
80,887w
15,692
22,729
22,291
10,572
11.719
4,698
245
122,215
Kingsbridge .
73,455m;
15,206
19,394
19,706
9,525
10,181
4,171
241
1 15,367
Newton A.bbot
ll7,524w
27,115
59,063
68,203
30,146
38,057
12.438
940
351,313
Okehampton .
126,797
15,006
18,580
19,249
9,721
9,528
3,817
215
91,354
^ Plymouth
1,491
16,040
62,599
68,833
31,640
37,193
7,291
582
184,356
Plympton St. Mary .
74,543?o
12,581
20,502
22,190
10,559
11,631
4,202
244
137,587
f South Molton .
143,998
14,625
19,532
18,975
9,643
9,332
3,824
262
107,087
Stoke Damerel (g) .
1,760
23,747
50,440
49,449
25,208
24,241
4,269
303
75,362
St. Thomas (/)
130,141w
28,946
48,405
49,308
22,787
26,521
9,926
698
284,430
I TaA'istock
I59,317w
12,320
35,265
31,240
15,605
15,635
5,793
442
130,339
Tiverton .
103,053
28,572
30,875
29,726
14,271
15,455
6,377
358
176,894
Torrington
81,472
12,661
16,876
16,334
7,793
8,541
3,326
216
72,108
Totnes .
Union County .
97,914
24,963
32,942
35,557
16,937
18,620
6,984
532
198,870
1,643,343
312,223
589,278
606,102
287,211
318,891
106,162
7,121
2.716,75?
t Chard (a)
4,689
740
815
757
386
371
151
5
4,987
t Dulverton (b) .
3,449
430
447
235
212
95
4
4,137
I Launceston (c).
27,057
1,161
3,034
3,069
1,559
1,510
575
28
12,418
t Taunton (d) .
4,980
730
961
822
404
418
187
21
4,411
t Wellington (e) .
Parishes in other "1
union counties/
20,812
4,721
4,435
4,199
2,152
2,047
884
67
29,907
60,987
7,352
9,675
9,294
4,736
4,558
1,892
125
55,860
§ Axminster
1,704,330
349,575
598,953
615,396
291,947
323,449
108,054
7,246
2,772,6K
17,284
4,686
6,681
6,627
3,100
3,527
1,384
98
25,066
I Holsworthy .
5,261
403
486
469
245
224
75
1
2 664
t South Molton .
20,491
323
339
173
166
56
15
4,617
1 Tavistock
6,133
7,090
6,587
3,181
3,406
1,339
98
13,623
t Tiverton .
Parts of other counties "(
in union county . /
County Peoper .
...
4,178
...
...
...
...
...
...
49,169
9,269
14,580
14,022
6,699
7,323
2,854
212
45,970
1,655,161
340,308
584.373
601,374
285,248
316,126
105,200
7,034
2,726,64?
Notes and Eeferences. — Marked * is »n incorporation ; t arc partly in Somerset, § Dorset, and J Cornwall.
For the parishes of these counties proper in Devon union county in 1871 and now, see the detailed account of each
union; tormerly Tirerton registration district or union comprised Dulverton, which is now a separate district in
Somerset The parishes, &c.. in other union counties in 1871 were («) Yarcombe ; (b) Morebath; (c) North Petherwin,
Virginstow, Broad woodwidger, St. Giles in the Heath, Werrington, and Northcott; (d) Church Stanton ; and (e) Burks-
combe, Clayhidon, Culmstock, Hemyock, and Holcombe Rogus; {/) most of H. Leonarls parish, formerly in St.
History of Uevoiissiliii'e. 25
Assessments, Kental, &c. — The annual rental of the land in Devon assessed to the property tax
in 1811, was £1,217,547, but the annual value of real property (land, buildings, &c.), was assessed
to the same tax in 1815, at £1,897,915. The parochial assessments of the county in 1823 amounted
to £227,425, of which £175,412 was levied on land, £47,401 on dwelling-houses, £2624 on mills
and factories, and £1927 on manorial profits. In 1803 the parochial assessments amounted to
^179,359, of which £148,565 was expended on the poor. In 1821, these assessments amounted to
£272,939, of which £234,097 was expended on the poor. In 1839, after the formation of the large
unions, and the erection of extensive workhouses, the sums collected in poor rates in the county
amounted to £214,500. The poor rates levied amounted to £318,175 for the year ended Lady Day,
1874 ; and £320,203 in 1875. The gross estimated rental of the union county on Lady Day, 1875,
was £3,110,173, and its rateable value, £2,616,112. The receipts for the year ended Lady Day,
1876, were, £317,720 from poor rates; and £21,948 Treasury subventions, and £7133 other receipts
in aid of poor rates ; total, £346,801. The expenditure for the same period was : expended in relief
to the poor, and purposes connected therewith — in maintenance, £26,662 ; out-relief, £118,644 ;
maintenance of lunatics in asylums or licensed houses, £21,727; workhouse or other loans repaid,
and interest thereon, £1185 ; salaries and rations of officers (including the sums repaid by Her
Majesty's Treasury) and superannuations, £22,969 ; other expenses of, or immediately connected
with relief, £10,499; total relief to the poor, £201,686; cost of proceedings at law or in equity
(parochial and union), £698. Expended for purposes unconnected with relief to the poor : payments
for or towards the county, borough, or poll :e rate, £55,602 ; payments by overseers to Highway
Boards, under 27 & 28 Vict. c. 101, s. 33, £48,457; contributions by the overseers to the Rural
Sanitary Authority, £2175 ; contributions by the overseers to the School Board, £12,380 ; payments
•on account of the Kegistration Act, namely, fees to clergj^men and registrars, outlay for register
offices, books, and forms, £2240 ; vaccination fees, £1840 ; expenses allowed in respect of parlia-
mentary or municipal registration, and cost of jury lists, £1287. Expended for purposes partly
connected with, and partly unconnected with relief to the poor: payments under Parochial Assess-
ment Act and Union Assessment Committee Acts, £671 ; money expended for all other purposes,
£12,616 ; grand total expenditure, £339,652. The guardians disbursed £8510 in medical relief to
the poor (included in items given above), consisting of salaries to ihe medical officers, extra medical
fees paid to them under the General Consolidated Order, and the cost (if any) of medical and surgical
appliances and drugs. The balance of loans contracted under orders of the Local Government Board
on March 25, 1876, was £6586. The expenditure in relief to the poor for the year ended Lady Day,
1875, was £206,663, thus showing a decrease of £4977, or 2*4 per cent. The cost of in-maintenance
for the half year ended Michaelmas, 1876, was £14,477, and of outdoor relief, £58,152; total,
£72,629 ; while the cost of in-maintenance for the corresponding half year of 1875 was £13,334, and
of outdoor relief, £60,709 ; thus showing a decrease of £1414, or 1'9 per cent.
Return of Paupeks. — The number of paupers in the union county in 1871 was 29,131. The
proportion of paupers in England and Wales on July 1, 1876, on the population of 1871 (22,706,031),
was as 1 in 32, or 3*1 per cent., the number of persons relieved being 707,375. In the registration
county of Devon there were on that date : Indoor paupers — able-bodred, males, 44 ; females, 241 ;
children under 16, 350 : not able-bodied, males, 728 ; females, 630 ; children under 16, 671 : lunatics^
insane persons, and idiots, males, 126 ; females, 179 ; children under 16, 14; vagrants relieved in the
workhouse, 8; total in workhouses, 2991. Outdoor paupers — able-bodied, males, 374; females,
1947; children luider 16,4552, not able-bodied, males, 4277; females, 9753; children under 16,
1496 : lunatics, insane 2)Sj'sons and idiots, males, 414 ; females, 684; children under 16, 14 ; total out
of workhouses, 23,511 ; deduct 53 persons, who received both indoor and outdoor relief, and the net
total of persons relieved is 26,449. This is a decrease of 1390, or 5*0 per cent, on the number
relieved on July 1, 1875. In the above return children relieved with 'able bodied' parents are
classed as ' able bodied,' and children relieved without their parents, or relieved with parents who are
'not able bodied,' are classed as 'not able bodied.' The number of adult [i.e. paupers aged 16 and
upwards] able bodied paupers relieved on July 1, 1876, was, indoor, 285; outdoor, 2321; total,
2606 ; while on the corresponding day of the previous year there were 345 indoor paupers, and 2646
outdoor ; total, 2991, showing a decrease of 385, or 12*9 per cent.
Vaccination. — There are 167 public vaccinators in the union county. In the year ended Sep-
tember 29, 1876, there were 11,974 successful primary vaccinations of persons under one year of
age, and 703 aged one year and upwards; total, 12,677. The number of successful re-vaccinations
was 60; the number of births registered during the year, 17,939. Of the 17,898 births registered in
1874, there were on January 31, 1876, 15,736 persons successfully vaccinated; 19 insusceptible of vac-
cination ; 1493 dead unvaccinated ; 189 vaccination postponed; leaving 461 persons unaccounted for.
Thomas's union, was added to Exeter incorporatic'ii on Lady-day, 1878 ; the returns, however, are those of the old
limits ; {g) Stoke Damerel is a separate parish, maintaining its poor under a local Act.
26 History of Devonsliire.
Principal Occupations. — The following are the principal occupations of the union county, and
the number of inhabitants engaged in each as returned in 1871. Males. — Civil service 718, police
729, army officers (effective) 318, army retired and half-pay officers 264, navy officers (effective) 788,
navy retired and half-pay officers 183, clergymen 877, Protestant ministers 330, Roman Catholic
priests 30, barristers 62, solicitors 381, law clerks 328, physicians and surgeons 518, dentists 76,
chemists and druggists 519, authors, editors, journalists 36, painters, artists 94, sculptors, 8, engravers
59, photographers 138, musicians, music masters 252, schoolmasters 550, teachers, professors, lecturers
412, civil engineers 108, innkeepers, hotelkeepers, publicans 1679, beersellers 1,14, domestic servants
4655; merchants 272, bankers 58, brokers, agents, factors 283, auctioneers, valuers, house agents 117,
accountants 488, pa^vnbrokers 78, coach, t^c. proprietors 222, shipowners 85, pilots 102, farmers,
graziers 10,313, farmers' sons, brothers, grandsons, nephews 4491, farm bailiffs 230, land surveyors,
estate agents 131, nurserymen, seedsmen, florists 147, gardeners 3066, horse proprietors, dealers 19,
farriers, veterinary surgeons 150, cattle, &c. salesmen 115, fishermen 1634; booksellers, publishers
163, bookbinders 94, printers 737, musical instrument agents, dealers 46, lithographers, lithographic
printers 37, "watchmakers, clockmakers 433, philosophical instrument makers, opticians 27, engine
and machine makers 887, agricultural implement machine makers 42, millwrights 168, coachmakers
478, wheelwrights 921, saddlers, harness, whip makers 503, shipbuilders, shipwrights, boat builders
2032, sail makers 194, architects 108, surveyors 61, builders 802, carpenters, joiners 6998, brick-
layers 279, marble masons 134, masons, paviours 5979, plasterers 630, paperhangers 22, plumbers,
painters, glaziers 2325, cabinet makers, upholsterers 1071, carvers and gilders 115, manufacturing'
chemists, &c., 42, dyers, scourers, calenderers 75, v/oolstaplers 25, Avoollen cloth manufacture 259,
worsted manufacture 197, silk, satin manufacture 73, llax, linen manufacture 39, lace manufacture
316, drapers, linen drapers, mercers 1470, hairdressers, wig makers 251, hatters, hat manufacture 126,
tailors 3302, shoemakers, bootmakers 5782, rope, cord makers 473 ; cowkeepers, milk sellers 913,
butchers, meat salesmen 1761, fishmongers 223, corn, flour, seed merchants, dealers 174, millers 1151,
bakers 2021, confectioners, pastry cooks 179, greengrocers, fruit, vegetable dealers 202, maltsters 252,
brewers 381, wine and spirit merchants 257, grocers, tea dealers 1607 ; tallow chandlers 111, tanners
504, curriers 273, brush, broom makers 178, timber, wood merchants and dealers 158, sawyers 1077,
coopers, hoop makers, benders 369, basket makers 341, thatchers 711, paper manufacture 415; coal
miners 24, copper miners 623, tin miners, 215, lead miners 126, iron miners 32, coal merchants,
dealers 282, stone quarriers 458, earthenware manufacture 256, tin plate workers, tinmen 332, brass
manufacture, braziers 108, iron manufacture 425, whitesmiths 148, blacksmiths 3485, ironmongers,
hardware dealers 465.
Female Occupations. — Schoolmistresses 1411, teachers, governesses 1597; innkeepers, hotel
keepers, publicans 459, beersellers 32, lodging-house, boarding-house keepers 888, domestic servants
38,523; capitalists, shareholders 541, farmers, graziers 608, farmers' daughters, granddaughters, sisters,
nieces 4393, cabinet makers, upholsterers 254 ; w^oollen cloth manufacture 742, Avorsted manufacture
79, silk, satin manufacture 313, flax, linen manufacture 30, lace manufacture 4342, draper, linen
drapers, mercers 1378, fancy goods manufacture, dealers 173, tailoresses 1294, milliners, dressmakers
11,436, shirt makers, seamstresses 2275, ladies' outfitters 266, glovers 2428, bootmakers, shoemakers
578, laundry keepers 5724, cowkeepers, milk sellers 128, butchers 112, fishmongers 187, bakers 301,
confectioners, pastry cooks 95, greengrocers, fruit, vegetable dealers 264, grocers, tea dealers 821 ;
paper manufacture 334.
Relative Ages of Husbands and Wives. — In 1871 there were 101,406 husbands and wives
enumerated in the union county as resident together. The ages generally are nearly equal, 69,971
husbands and 75,460 wives being between the ages of 25 and 55 ; but there a,re the following remark-
able exceptions : — 4 husbands Avere aged 17, and one of them had a wife aged 17 ; 15 husbands were
aged 18, 5 of whom had wdves aged 18 ; 60 husbands were aged 19, 4 of whom had wives aged 19,
18 aged 19, and 1 aged 30 ; 233 husbands were aged 20, 2 of Avhom had wives aged 17, and 3 had
wives aged 35 ; one husband of the age 25-30 had a wife of the age 65-70 ; 2 husbands of the age
35-40 had Avives of the age 70-75; 1 husband of the age 95-100, had a Avife of the same age
period ; 1 husband of the age 50-55 had a Avife aged 17.
Petty Sessional Divisions. — These divisions for holding special and petty sessions are in
general based upon the hundreds and other old county sub-divisions. By the authority of various
Acts of Parliament (9 Geo. IV. c. 43, 10 Geo. IV. c. 46, 6 Will. IV. c. 12) the justices at quarter
sessions may alter and re-arrange these sessional divisions. The county justices are appointed by
the croAvn on the recommendation of the lord-lieutenant. The mayor and ex mayor of every
municipal borough are justices of the peace of and for such municipal borough. The boroughs of
Barnstaple, Bideford, Dartmouth, Devonport, Exeter City (a county of itself), Plymouth, South
Molton and Tiverton, have commissions of the peace and a separate court of quarter sessions ; but
Totnes borough has a commission of the peace only. The folloAving is an enumeration of the
divisions shoAving their territorial extent, and their inhabited houses and population in 1871 ; —
Histoi*:^ ol' Devoiisliire.
27
BOEOTJGHS.
Barnstaple .
Bideford
Dartmouth .
Devonport .
Exeter City .
Plymouth .
South Molten
Tiverton
Totnes
Divisions.
Axminster .
Bideford
Braunton
Crediton
Crockernwell
Cullompton .
^<=^«^ Houses population
1,750
3,196
1,847
1,760
1,664
1,395
6,264
17,491
43,875
60,664
145,363
64,687
71,080
119,409
2,318
11,659
1,355
6,969
831
5,338
4,269
49,449
5,868
34,650
7,289
68,758
855
3,978
2,172
10,024
742
4,073
2,736
13,432
2,629
12,723
5,291
25,271
3,417
15,497
2,113
10,179
5,558
26,075
Ermington and Plympton
Great Torrington
Hatherleigh .
Holsworthy .
Honiton
Lifton .
Midland Kohorough
Ottery
Paignton
Roborough
South Molton
Stanborough and Cole
ridge .
Tavistock
Teignbridge .
Wonford
Woodbury
Total .
Acres
75,458
64,720
65,275
80,680
55,195
70,791
47,710
34,331
23,998
190
160,771
116,467
106,475
105,565
73,329
33,761
1,655,161
Inliab.
Houses
4,050
2,767
1,927
1,875
2,430
1,816
1,691
2,719
6,590
1,340
4,456
5,638
3,199
8,213
5,627
3,419
105,200
Population
20,794
13.684
10,117
9,335
11,740
9,159
9,053
12,709
38,992
14,585
22,283
26,823
18,514
40,553
28,923
16,035
601,374
* The area of the entire borough of Totnes is not known
Stanborough and Coleridge Petty Sessional Division.
it has been included in the area given for the
m
The following is an enumeration of the parishes, tithings, and places in each division : —
Axminster. — Axminster, Axmouth, Colyton, Combpyne, Dalwood, Kilmington, Membmy, Mus-
Kousdown, Seaton and Beer, Shute, Stockland, Uplyme.
Bideford. — Abbotsham, Alwington, Buckland Brewer, Bulkworthy, Clovelly, East Putford,
Hartland, Landcross, Littleham, Monkleigh, Newton St. Petrock, Northam, Parkham, Welcombe,
Woolfardis worthy, Westleigh.
Braunton. — Arlington, Ashford, Atherington, Berrynarbor, Bishop's Tawton, Bittadon, Bratton
Fleming, Braunton, Brendon, Challacombe, Combmartin, Countisbury, East Down, Fremington,
Georgeham, Goodleigh, Heanton Punchardon, Highbray, Horwood, Ilfracombe, Inston, Kentisbury,
Landkey, Loxhore, Lynton, Martinhoe, Marwood, Morthoe, Newton Tracy, Parracombe, Pilton, Sher-
will, Stoke Rivers, Swimbridge, Tawstock, Trentishoe, West Down.
Crediton. — Bow, Cheriton Fitzpaine, Clannaborough, Colebrooke, Crediton, 'Down St. Mary,
Kennerleigh, Morchard Bishop, Newton St. Gyres, Poughill, Puddington, Sandford, Sherwood, Sho-
brooke, Stockleigh English, Stockleigh Pomeroy, Upton Helions, Washford Pyne, Woolfardisworthy,
Zeal Monachorum.
Crockernavell.— Bridford, Chagford, Cheriton Bishop, Drewsteignton, Dunsford, Gidleigh,
Hittisleigh, Lustleigh, Moreton, North Bovey, Spreyton, South Tawton, Tedburn St. Mary, Throwleigh.
Cullompton. — Bampton, Bickleigh, Broadhembury, Bradninch,Burlescombe, Biitterleigh, Cadbury,
Cadeleigh, Calverleigh, Clayhanger, Clayhidon, Cruwys Morchard, Cullompton, Culmstock, Halberton,
Hemlock, Hockworthy, Holcombe Rogus, Pluntsham, Kentisbear, Loxbeer, Morebath, Okeford, Pay-
hembury, Plymtree, Sampford Peverell, Silverton, Stoodleigh, Templeton, Thorverton, Tiverton,
UiFculme, Uplowman, Washfield, Willand.
Ekmington and Plimpton. — Aveton GifFord, Bigbury, Brixton, Cornwood, Ermington, Harford,
Holbeton, Kingston, Modbury, Newton Ferrers, Plympton Maurice, Plympton St. Mary, Plymstock,
Revelstoke, Ringmore, Ugborough, Wembury, Yealmpton.
Great Torrington. — Alverdiscott, Beaford, Buckland Filleigh, Dolton, Dowland, Frithelstock,
Great Torrington, High Bickington, Huish, Huntshaw, Langtree, Little Torrington, Merton, Peters
Marland, Petrockstow, Roborough, Shebbear, St Giles in the Wood, Wear GifFord, Yarnscombe.
Hatherleigh. — Ashbury, Beaworthy, Belstone, Broadwood Kelly, Exbourne, Hatherleigh,
Highampton, Honeychurch, Iddesleigh, Inwardleigh, Jacobstow, Kigbeare Hamlet, Meeth, Monk
Okehampton, North Lew, Okehampton, Sampford Courtenay, Sheepwash.
Holsworthy. — Abbot's Bickington, Ashwater, Black Torrington, Bradford, Bradworthy,
Bridgerule East, Bridgerule West, Clawton, Cookbury, Halwell, Hollacombe, Holsworthy, Luffincott,
Milton Damerell, Northcot Hamlet, Hamilton, Pancrasweek, Pyworthy, Sutcombe, Tetcott, Thorn-
bury, West Putford.
Honiton. — Awliscombe, Branscombe, Buckerell, Church stanton, Combe Raleigh, Cotleigh, Dun-
keswell, Farway, Feniton, Gittisham, Honiton, Lupitt, Monkton, Northleigh, Offwell, Shapcombe,
Sheldon, Southleigh, Upottery, Wid worthy, Yarcombe.
Lifton. — Bradstone, Bratton Clovelly, Bridestowe, Broadwood Widger, Coryton, Dunterton,
28 HiHtory of I>evoii»liire.
Germansweek, Kelly, Lewtrenchard, Lifton, Maristow, North Petherwin, St. Giles in the Heath,
Sourton, Stowford, Thrushelton, Virginstowe, Werrington.
Midland Kodorougii. — Bickleigh, Buckland Monachorum, Compton Gifford, Egg Buckland,
Laira Green, JNIeavy, St. Budeaiix, Shaugh, Sheepstor, Tamerton Foliott, Walkhampton, Weston
Peverell.
South JNIolton.- — Anstey (East), Anstey (West), Ashreigney, Bishop's Nympton, Bondleigli,
Brushford, Buckland (East), Buckland (West), Burrington, Charles, Chawleigh, Cheldon, Chittle-
hampton, Chulmleigh, Coleridge, Creacombe, East Worlington, Eggesford, Filleigh, Georgenympton,
Kingsnyrnpton, Kuowstone, Lapibrd, Loosebear tithing, Mariansleigh, IVIeshaw, Holland, North
Molton, North Tawton, Nymet Kowland, Rackenford, llomansleigh, Eose Ash, Satterleigh, Soutli
Molton, Thelbridge, Twitchen, Warkleigh, Wemb worthy. West Worlington, Winkleigh, Witheridge.
Ottekv. — iVylesbeare, Dotton, Harpford, Newton Poppleford tithing, Ottery St. Mary, Kock-
beare, Salconibe Kegis, Sidbury, Sidmouth, Strete Raleigh tithing, Talaton, Venn Ottery, Whimple.
Paignton. — Babbacombe, Brixham, Churston Ferrers, Cockington, Kingsweare, Marldon, Paign-
ton, St. Mary Church, Stoke Gabriel, Tormoham.
RoBOROUGii. — Stoke Damerel, East Stonehouse, Vaultershome {Cornwall).
Stanbohough and CoLEiuDGE. — Ashprington, Berry Pomeroy, Buckland-tout- Saints, Blackawton,
Buckfastleigh, Charleton, Chivelstone, Churchstow, Cornworthy, Dartington, Dittisham, Dodbrookc,
Dean Prior, Diptfbrd, East Allington, East Portlemouth, Halwell, Ilarberton, Kingsbridge, Little-
hempstone, Loddiswell, Malborough, Morley, North Huish, Rattery, Sherford, Slapton, Stokenhaui,
Stoke Fleming, South Brent, South Pool, South Milton, South Huish, Thurlestone, Townstall, AVest
Alvington, Woodleigh.
Tavistock. — Beer Ferris, Brentor, Lamerton, Lidford, Lidford Forest Quarter ol Dartmoor,
Mary Tavy, Milton Abbot, Peter Tavy, Sampford Spiny, Sydenham, South Tavistock, Whitchurch.
Teignbridge. — Abbotskerswell, Ashburton, Bickington, Bishopsteignton, Bovey Tracey, Broad-
hempstone, Buckland-in-the-Moor, Chudleigh, Coffinswell, Combe-in-Teignhead, Dawlish, Denbury,
Haccombe, Hennock, Highweek, Holne, Ideford, Ilsington, Ipplepen, Kingskerswell, Kingsteignton,
Manaton, Ogwell (East), Ogwell (West), St. Nicholas, Staverton, Stokeinteignhead, Teigngrace,
Teignmouth (East and West), Torbryan, Trushard, Widdicombe in the Moor, Wolborough, Woodland.
WoNFOKD. — Alphington, Ashcombe, Ashton, Bramford Speke, Broadclyst, Christow, Clyst St.
Lawrence, Clyst Hydon, Doddiscombsleigh, Dunchideock, Exminster, Heavitree, Holcombe Burnell,
Huxham, Ide, Kenn, Kenton, Mamhead, Netherexe, Pinhoe, Poltimore, Powderham, Rewe, *St.
Leonard, St. Thomas-the-Apostle, Shillingford St. George, Stoke Canon, Topsham, Upexe, Upton
Pyne, Whitstone.
Woodbury.— Bicton, Clyst St. George, Clyst Satchfield, Clyst Honiton, Clyst St. Mary, Colaton
Raleigh, East Budleigh, Farringdon, Littlehani and Exmouth, Lympstone, Otterton, Sowton, Withy-
combe Raleigh, Woodbury.
The Police Divisions were formed in pursuance of Acts 3 & 4 Vict. c. b8, and 19 & 20 Vict. c.
69, the latter of which rendered it compulsory to establish a police force in every county of England
and Wales ; and the police established under the first Act were required to be consolidated into one
county force. There are 13 of these divisions in Devonshire, each consisting of one or more petty
sessional divisions ; but the following 7 boroughs have their own police — Barnstaple, Bideibrd,
Devonport, Exeter, Plymouth, Tiverton, and Totnes. The Town Council o£ South Molton agreed to
place themselves under the county police by a majority of one in December, 1877. The boroughs of
Bradninch, Dartmouth, Great Torrington, Honiton, Okehampton, Plympton Earl, and Plympton St.
Mary are attached to the county police force. The head-quarters are in Exeter, and Captain G. de
Courcy Hamilton, is chief constable ; William G. Cunningham, Esq., deputy chief constable ; and
superintendent William Mitchell, chief clerk. The divisions with their superintendents, number of
stations and sergeants are : —
(A) Barnstaple, John Baird, superintendent; 19 stations; 8 sergeants.
(B) South Molton, John Wood, „ 14 „ 2 „
(C) CuUompton, R. G. Collins, „ 20 „ 2 „
(D) Honiton, Charles Dore, ., 24 ,, 3 „
(Exe) Exeter, W. G. Cunningham, „ 2G „ 3 „
(E) Chudleigh, J. C. Moore, „ 19 „ 3 „
(F) Torquay, H. Stoddard, „ 17 ,, 3 ,,
(G) Kingsbridge, Hugh Vaughan, ., 24 „ 3 ,,
(H) Stonehouse, Capt. E. Frutton, ,, 17 ,, 3 „
(K) Tavistock, Wm. Pickford, „ 14 „ 2 „
(L) Ilolsworthy, D. Barbor, „ 12 „ 2 „
(M) Great Torrington, P. Ronsham, „ 12 ,, '"^ »
(N) Bow John Sargent, „ IG „ 1 >j
laistory ot' Devoiisliii'c.
29
County Expp:nditure and Judicial Statistics. — The County Rates are levied in Devon on a
valuation made under a special Act of Parliament passed some years ago. The valuation for county
assessment in 1874 was £2,266,764, and for police £2,248,000. The county rates amounted in 1800
to £7031, in 1810 to £23,159, in 1830 to £12,783, in 1838 to £18,459, and in 1849 to upwards of
£24,000, exclusive o£ Exeter, and the boroughs having separate quarter sessions, viz. Barnstaple,
Bideford, Dartmouth, Plymouth, Devonport, Tiverton, and South j\Iolton. For the year ended
Michelmas, 1874 the county rate was l^d., and the police rate 2^-tZ. in the pound. The receipts from
county rate Avere £11,563 ; by police rate £22,325 ; Government subvention in aid of police, prose-
cutions, &c. £8361 ; on account of prisons, lunatics, &c. £1374 ; fines, fees, and other receipts,
£4049 ; loans on security of rates, £15,200 — total receipts, £62,872. The expenditure for police,
prisons, prisoners, prosecutions, and reformatories, was £38,553 ; for lunatics and lunatic asylums,
£7117 ; shirehalls and judges' lodgings, £248 ; militia storehouses, £129 ; county bridges, £1065 ;
registration of voters, £221; salaries of county officers, £2605 ; interest of debt and principal paid
off, £1840 ; all other charges, £1680 — total, £53,458. The number of persons committed or bailed
for trial in 1875, in Devon, was 217 (159 males, 58 females) : of these 77 were acquitted, 1 was
detained as insane, 1 was sentenced to penal servitude for 15 years, 15 for 7 years, 2 for 5 and 6
years, 2 were sentenced to imprisonment for 2 years and above 1 year, 25 for 1 year and above 6
months, 43 for 6 months and above 3 months, 34 for 3 months and above 1 month, 10 for 1 month
and under, 4 detained in reformatories or industrial schools, and 3 were fined or discharged on
sureties. The number of each sex committed or bailed for trial was 159 males and 58 iemales in
1875, 156 males 57 females in 1874, 206 males 60 females in 1873, 208 males 75 females in 1872,
241 males 86 females in 1871, 236 males 74 females in 1870, 305 males 84 females in 1869, 308
males 72 females in 1868, 321 males 89 females in 1867, 263 males 89 females in 1866— total for
the five years 1871-5, 970 males and 336 females, and for the five years 1866-71, 1433 males 408
females.
There are 24 Turnpike Trusts in the county, of which the following enumeration shows their
receipts, expenditure, debts and assets for the year ended December 31, 1874 : —
Turnpike Trusts
Receipts
Expenditure
Debts
Assets
£
s.
d.
£
s.
d.
£
s.
d.
£
s.
d.
Ashburton
1031
13
4
1073
8
8
14538
13
8
476
3
2
Axminster
851
17
6
765
1
4
1200
296
18
5
Barnstaple
3672
19
3606
1
8
8095
10
171
15
10
Bideford
2449
16
6
2565
6
10
1988
6
6
127
15
5
Braunton, and Braunton and Ilfra- \
combe .... J
723
12
2
590
11
5
10377
446
12
2
Combmartiu .....
630
17
481
3
6
7247
10
673
10
1
Combmartin and Ilfracombe .
324
1
7
292
17
3
6685
14
244
19
1
Countess Weir Bridge (c)
284
19
10
1023
12
11
_
_
—
Exeter
6250
11
4
6628
2
4
21693
15
7
—
Great Torrington ....
1591
1
5
1632
18
7
4476
10
116
12
5
Honitou
652
18
11
760
17
1
4850
48
2
10
Honiton and Ilminster .
165
12
8
160
4
2
11307
2
6
38
14
1
Honiton and Sidraontli .
269
17
2
194
10
4
1100
112
12
8
Kiugsbridge and Dartmouth .
2703
6
5
2702
2
2
8789
12
6
627
18
2
Modbury
984
17
2
897
12
9
25768
18
2
590
11
4
Moreton Harapstead
170
227
4
5
1537
51
8
3
Plymouth and Exeter Koad .
133
141
6
3
1410
87
14
3
Plymouth and Tavistock
1010
10
982
5
7
2578
10
11
107
15
2
Sidmouth and Cullompton
143
15
325
16
8
14380
4
5
49
19
South Molton ....
1275
5
1106
19
1
25754
18
11
826
4
10
Teignmouth
055
852
5
6
24297
4
6
•44
1
9
Tiverton
2206
19
10
2736
1
1
21550
901
14
9
Torquay {e)
5398
19
5911
19
3
—
—
Totnes and Bridgetown Pomeroy\
and Totnes Bridge . . J
Total ....
2605
4
6
2451
12
10
25149
8
'
625
6
4
£36486
15
4
£37810
1
8
£244836
5
10
£7366
10
(e) Local Act expired November 1, 1874.
HiGnwAY Districts. — The Highway Act has only been partially adopted in this county. At
the time of the census of 1871 there were 25 districts, 15 of which were identical with the petty
sessional divisions, the remaining ten being comprised within five of such divisions (See also p. 18.)
The following enumeration of the districts shows their rateable value in 1874, their mileage,
and their receipts and expenditure for the year ended December 31, 1874 : —
so
history oi' Devontsliire.
District
Rateable
Value
■■ '■'" ■/' '• ' ' ■""■■
Mileage
Receipts
Expenditure
Parish
Highways
District
Roads (late
Turnpilces
£
M F
M V
£
5.
d.
£
.<;. d.
Ashburton
45683
239
2
1426
15
1554
14 3
Axminstor .
71327
213 5
—
1347
14
4
1269
1 6
Barnstaple .
63508
238 6
—
2223
18
2048
16 4
Bideford .
36149
228 6
1313
16
1534
6 7
Chiilmleigh .
58725
264 1
6
2398
10
7
2326
4 9
Crediton
82598
213 4
—
2269
18
8
2305
6 3
Crockernwell
53132
276 4
16 3
2045
14
11
2017
8 4
Cullompton
99695
291 5
—
1935
16
11
1648
2 1
Ermingtou and Plymp
ton .
111268
303
12
2779
6
10
2923
8 7
Great Torrington
45561
226 4
1471
10
1422
17 9
Hatherleigh
37755
188 2
17 7
1794
9
6
1741
13 3
Holsworthy
35231
272 1
—
1945
3
6
2079
3 8
Honiton
37505
224 6
1024
10
1006
13 8
Ilfracombe .
54723
210 5
18 1
1180
12
7
1232
9 11
Kingsbridge
83016
283 2
—
3030
8
7
2966
19 1
Lifton
51223
184 2
16 4
1692
10
1719
5 8
Midland Eoboragh
56784
171 4
2
2111
14
2
1965
4 3
Newton Abbot .
98392
271 7
32 5
1907
8
2
1938
2 5
Ottery
33313
97 6
_
621
15
679
3 6
South Molten
64305
293
8 6
2650
6
10
2760
7 7
Tavistock .
75791
262
48
3567
15
11
3666
6 11
Tiverton
66383
226 4
11 5
2019
7
6
2029
2 6
Totnes
70246
221
—
1717
13
11
1735
14 7
Wonford .
150767
262 1
2 6
2569
7
6
2752
5 7
Woodbury .
, ,
54915
169
—
1172
10
1130
3 4
Total .
£1657995
5833 3
189 3
£48118
14
5
£48353
2 4
Lieutenancy Si
JE-DlVISI
ONS h
ave been co
nstituted f(
)r the purp
ose of
raisi
no: the Militia quotas.
At present the Militia consists solely of persons who voluntarily enlist. But the 18th section of the
Act 15 & 16 Vict. c. 50 provides that this quota may be raised by means of the ballot, whenever the
voluntary enlistments fall short of the required number. The application of the ballot is, however,
annually suspended by Parliament. The lieutenancy of a county is empowered by 23 & 24 Vict. c. 120
to alter existing or constitute new sub-divisions as may appear convenient. The general law respect-
ing the Militia does not apply to the miners of Devon and Cornwall, but the Militia of the Stannaries
of these counties are regulated by 42 Geo. III. c. 72, in which Act lieutenancy sub-divisions are
mentioned. The city of Exeter forms a sub-division of itself. The Bideford sub-division includes
the borough of Bideford, and Bideford petty sessional division, exclusive of Lundy Isle. The
Braunton sub-division includes Barnstaple borough, and Braunton petty sessional division.
The Cullompton sub-division includes Cullompton petty sessional division and Tiverton borough.
The Midland Eoborough sub-division includes Midland Roborough petty sessional division and
Plymouth borough. The Paignton sub-division includes the Paignton petty sessional division and the
parishes of Berry Pomeroy and Littlehempston. The Roborough sub-division includes Roborough
petty sessional division and Devonport borough. The South Molton sub-division includes the
borough of South Molton, the South Molton petty sessional division, and the parishes of High
Bickington, and Puddington, and Washford Pyne. The Stanborough and Coleridge includes the
boroughs of Dartmouth and Totnes, and the Stanborough and Coleridge petty sessional division ex-
cept the parishes of Berry Pomeroy and Littlehempston. The Crediton sub-division includes Lundy
Island and the Crediton petty sessional '^division, except the parishes of Puddington and "Washford
Pyne. The Great Torrington sub-division. Great Torrington petty sessional division except High
Bickington parish, the remaining twelve sub -divisions, Axminster, Crockernwell, Ermington, and
Plympton, Hatherleigh, Holsworthy, Honiton, Lifton, Ottery, Tavistock, Teignbridge, Wonford, and
Woodbury, are identical with the petty sessional divisions bearing the same names.
County Courts are held at Exeter, East Stonehouse, Crediton, Okehampton, Newton Abbot,
Torquay, Tavistock, Totnes, Chui'ston, and Kingsbridge, of which Matthew Fortescue, Esq., is the
judge ; at Tiverton, Wellington, South Molton, Chard, Honiton, Taunton, Torrington, Barnstaple,
Bideford, and Axminster, of which Mr. Serjeant PetersdorfE is the judge ; and at Launceston and
Plolsworthy, of which Montague Bere, Esq., Q.C., is the judge. The parishes in each district, with
the registrar and high bailiff, will be noticed in the histories and alphabet of the towns in which they
are held. For the purposes of the Bankruptcy Act, 1869, Axminster, Crediton, Honiton. and Newton
History of I>evoiisliii*e*
31
Abbot and Torquay County Courts are attached to Exeter ; Tavistock, Totnes, Kingsbridge, and Oke-
j hampton to East Stonehouse (including Plymouth and Devonport) ; and Bideford, South Molton, and
STorrington to Barnstaple. East Stonehouse, Exeter, and Barnstaple have jurisdiction in Admiralty,
and at each of these places is established a District Registry of the High Court of Justice.
Local Board Districts, &c. — In April, 1871, Local Boards under either the Public Health Act
of 1848, or the Local Government Act of 1858, had been established in six municipal boroughs and
sixteen towns, namely, Bampton, Bideford, Brixham, Lower Dartmouth, Dawlish, Devonport, Exeter
(city), Exmouth, Ilfracombe, Lynton, Northam, Okehampton, Ottery St. Mary, Paignton, Plymouth,
St. Mary Church, St. Thomas the Apostle, Sidmouth, South Molton, Teign mouth, Torquay, Wool-
borough. Three municipal boroughs (Barnstaple, Honiton, Tiverton), and one town (Crediton), have
Improvement Commissions ; and three towns (Ashburton, Cullompton, and Topsham) have neither
municipal authorities, local boards, nor improvement commissioners. By the Public Health Act,
1872, ' Boroughs, Improvement Act districts, and Local Government districts, whether incorporated
or constituted before or after the passing of this Act, are, under certain provisions, and with a few
exceptions, specified in the Act, styled "Urban Sanitary districts." '
Ecclesiastical Divisions. — The Sees of Credition and Cornwall, united in the year 1042, were
separated in 1877, after a union of 835 years. This separation, which had long been felt necessary,
is in a great measure due to the exertions of the present Bishop of Exeter, who cheerfully resigned a
portion of his income to provide funds for the proper maintenance of the new bishopric. The Bishop
also, about two years since, altered the Ecclesiastical Divisions of the county, with the view of
making the rural deaneries more uniform in size, with a convenient and easily accessible centre as a
place of meeting ; the re-arrangement is based on the Poor Law unions. To carry out this plan, the
names of several ancient deaneries have been altogether lost, as they have become annexed to others ;
thus, in the archdeaconry of Exeter, Dunkeswell has become united to Honiton, the deanery of
Plymtree has been suppressed, and the new one of Ottery created. In the archdeaconry of Barnstaple
no deaneries have been suppressed, but some of the parishes have been changed from one to another
{e.g., Winkleigh, from the deanery of Torrington to that of Chulmleigh). In the archdeaconry of
Totnes, besides similar changes, the deanery of Three Towns (comprehending the churches of
Plymouth, Devonport and Stonehouse) has been created, and the ancient deanery of Lamerton has
been altogether suppressed. The following are the new divisions for this county : —
RURAL DEANERIES OF THE DIOCESE.
ARCHDEACONRY OF EXETER.
Archdeacon. — Ven. Henry Sanders, M.A., Sowton, near Exeter.
1. — Deanery of Aylesheare.
Tlural Dean — Rev. Prebendary Acland, M.A., Broadclyst, Exeter.
Aylesbeare V.
Bicton R.
Broadclyst V. with St. Paul's
Westwood
Budleigh, East V.
Clyst St. George R.
Clyst Honiton V.
Clyst Hydon R.
Clyst St. Mary R.
Clyst St. Lawrence R.
Exeter —
AllhallowS) Goldsmith-street,
R.
AUhallows on the Walls R.
Bedford Chapel
Exwith V.
Holy Trmity R. with Wy-
nard's Church
St. John's Hospital School
Chapel
St. David V. with St. Michael
and All Angela C.
Colaton Raleigh V.
Countess Wear V.
Farringdon R.
Littleham V., with Exmouth C.
Lympstone R.
Newton Poppleford V.
Otterton V.
Pinhoe V.
Poltimore and Huxham U.R.
2. — Deanery of Christianity.
Rural Dean — (vacant).
Exeter —
St. Edmund R.
St. James R.
St. John with St. George U.R.
St. Lawrence R.
St. Martin R.
St. Mary Arches R.
St. Mary Major R. with St.
Mary Magdalene C.
St. Mary Steps R.
St. Olave R.
St. Pancras R.
Rockbeare V.
Re we R.
Sowton R.
Stoke Canon V.
Topsham V.
Whimple R.
Withecombe Raleigh V.
Woodbury V.
Woodbury Salterton V.
Exeter —
St. Paul R.
St. Petrock with St. Kerrian,
U.R.
St. Sidwell R.
St. Stephen R.
Heavitree V. with Whipton
Chapel & Liverydoie , Chapel
St. Leonard R.
St. Thomas the Apostle V. with
Oldridge P.C.
32
History of Devonsliire.
3. — Deanery of Cadhury.
Rural Dean—
-Rev. F. J. Coleridge, M.A., Cadbury, Tiverton.
liow with Broad Nymet U.K.
Cheriton Fitzpaine R.
Sandford V.
Brampford Speke V. with Cow-
Down St. Mary R.
Shobrooke R.
ley C.
Hittisleigh R.
Stockleigh English R.
Cadbury V.
Kennerleigh R.
Stockleigh Pomeroy R.
Colebrooke V.
Morchard Bishop R.
Thorverton V
Crediton V. with the Chaplaincy
Netherexe V.
Upton Hellions R ^^m
thereof and Posbury Chapel
Newton St. Cyres V.
Upton Pyne R. ^H
Clannaborough II
Poughill R.
Woolfardisworthy R. 3^H
4.-
- Deanery of Dunheswell and Jlomton. ^^|
Rural Dean-
-Rev. J. G. Copleston, B.A., OfFwell, Honiton. ^^|
Axminster, V. with Kilmington
Dunkeswell V.
Rousdon R. ^^|
C. and Membury C.
Dunkeswell Abbev, Holy Trinity
Seaton V. and Beer C. ^^M
Axmouth V.
P.C.
Sheldon V. ^^
Awliscombe V.
Honiton R. with St. Paul's
Shute V. I
Church Stanton R.
Chapel
Stockland V. with Dalwood C.
Clayliidon R.
Luppit V.
Uplyme R.
Colyton V.
Monkton V.
Upottery V.
Combpyne R.
Musbury ]l.
Wid worthy R.
Combe Raleigh R.
Northleigh R.
Yarcombe V.
Cotleigh R.
OfFwell R.
Bradscombe V.
Broadhembury V.
Buckerell V.
Escot V.
Farway R
Fen i ton R
Gittisham R.
5. — Deanery of Ottery.
Rural Dean — Rev. T. Mozley, M.A., Plymtree, Cullompton.
Harpford V. with Fen-Ottery C.
Ottery St. Mary V.
Peyhembury V.
Plymtree R.
Salcombe Regis V.
Sidbury V.
Sidmouth V.
All Saints Chapel
Southleigh R.
Talaton R.
Tipton V.
Westhill V.
G. — Deanery of Kenn.
Rural Dean — Hon. & Rev. Prebendary Courtena}^, M.A.,Powderham, Exeter.
Alphington R.
Ash ton R.
Ash combe R.
Bishopsteiguton V.
Bridford R.
Cofton V.
Cheriton Bishop R.
Cristow V.
Dawlish V. with St. Mark C.
Doddiscombsleigh 1
Dunchideock with
U.R.
Dunsford V.
Exminster V.
Holcombe Burnell V
Ide V.
Kenn R.
Kenton V.
Shillingford
! Luton V.
Mamhead R.
Powderham R.
Starcross V.
Tedburn St. Mary R.
Teignmouth East Y.
Teignmouth West V.
Whitstone R.
7. — Deanery of Tiverton Wes,t.
Rural Dean — Rev. S. H. Berkeley, M.A., Morebath, Tiverton.
Bampton V. with Petton Chapel
Cadeleigh R.
Calverleigh R.
Cruwys Morchard R.
Loxbeare R.
Morebath V.
Oakford R.
Puddington R.
Stoodleigh R.
Templeton R.
Tiverton— St. Peter with St.
George's Church
Clare Portion R.
Pitt Portion R. with Cove C.
Prior's Portion R.
Tidcombe Portion R. with
Chevythorne C.
West Exe
Washfield R.
Washford Pyne R.
liistory of* Devonsliire.
33
8. — Deanery of Tiverton East.
Eural Dean — Rev. H. Bramley, UfFculme, CuUompton.
Bickleigh E.
Blackborough R.
Burlescombe V.
Bradninch V.
Butterleigh R.
Clay hanger R.
CuUompton V.
Culmstock V.
Halberton Y'.
Hockworthy V.
Hemyock R. with Culm Davey
Chapel
Holcomhe Rogus V.
Huntsham R.
Kentisbeare R.
Sampford Peverell R.
Silverton R.
UfFculme V.
Uploman R.
Willand R.
ARCHDEACONRY OF BARNSTAPLE.
Archdeacon. — Ven. Henry Woolcombe, M.A., The Close, Exeter.
1. — Deanery of Barnstaple.
Rural Dean — Rev. J. T. Pigot, M.A., The Vicarage, Fremington.
Ashford V.
Atherington R.
Barnstaple V.
Holy Trinity V.
St. Mary Magdalen V.
Bishopstawton V.
Bittadon R.
Braunton V.
Down "West V.
Fremington V.
Georgeham R.
Heanton Punchard R.
Horwood R.
Ilfracombe V.
St. Philip and St. James V.
St. Matthew Lee P.C.
Instow R.
Marwood R.
Morthoe V.
Newport V.
Newton Tracey R.
Pilton Y.
Tawstock R. with Harracott C.
Westleigh V.
2. — Deanery of Chuhnleigh.
Rural Dean — Rev. J. T. Hyde, M.A., Wemb worthy.
Aishreigney R.
IBrushford"'V.
iBundleigh R.
jBurrington Y.
IChawleigh R.
Cheldon R.
Chulmleigh R.
Coleridge Y. with Nymet Row-
land R.
Eggesford R.
Lapford R.
Thelbridge R.
Wembworthy R.
Winkleigh Y.
Worlington, East R.
Worlington, West R.
Zeal Monachorum R.
3. — Deanery of Hartland.
Rural Dean— Rev. C. W. Sillifant, M.A., Wear GifFord, Bideford.
IJAbbotsham Y.
Alwington R.
Appledore Y.
Bideford R.
Buckland Brewer Y.
^Buck's Mills Y.
Clovelly R.
Hartland Y.
Landcross R.
Littleham R.
Lundy Island R.
Monkleigh Y.
Northam Y.
Parkham R.
Wear GifFord R.
Welcombe Y.
Woolfardisworthy Y.
Rural Dean-
4. — Deanery of Holswortliy.
-Rev. G. W. Thornton, M.A., The Rectory, Holswortliy.
[Abbotsbickington Y. with Bulk-
! worthy C.
Ashwater R.
Black Torrington R.
Bradford R.
Bradworthy Y.w.Pancraswyke C.
Bridgerule Y.
Clawton Y.
Halwell R.
Holswortliy R.
Hollacombe R.
Luffincott R.
Milton Damerel
bury, C.
R. with Cook-
Putford West
Putford C.
Pyworthy R.
Sutcombe R.
Tetcott R.
Thornbury R.
R. with East
Arlington R.
Berry narbor R.
Bratton Fleming R.
Brendon R.
Challacombe R.
Combe Martin R.
Countisbury Y.
5. — Deanery of Slierw ell.
Rural Dean — Rev. R. Martin, M.A., Challacombe, Barnstaple.
Martinhoe R.
Down, East R.
Goodleigh R.
Highbray R.
Kentisbury R.
Landkey Y.
Loxhbre R.
Lynton Y.
Parracombe R.
Sherwell R.
Stoke Rivers R.
Swymbridge Y. with Travellers'
Rest Chapel
Trentishoe R.
34.
History of" DevoiisKire.
6. — Deanery of Southmolton.
Kev. Prebendary Karslake, B.A., Meshaw, Southmolton
Chittlehampton V. Northmolton V. w. Twitchen C
Creacombe R.
Georgenympton R.
Kingsnynipton R.
Knowstone with MoUand V.
Mariansleigh V.
Meshaw R.
Rural Dean
Anstey, East R.
Anstey, West V.
Bishops Nyrapton V.
Buckland East, w. Filleigh U;R.
Buckland West R.
Charles R.
Chittlehamholt V.
Romansleigh R.
Rose Ash R.
Southmolton V.
Warkleigh with Satterleigh U.R,
Witheridge V,
7. — Deanery of Torrington.
Rural Dean — Rev. 11. Barnes, M.A., Langtree, Torrington.
Alverdiscott R.
Beaford R.
Bickington, High, R.
Buckland Filleigh R.
Dolton R.
Dowland V.
Frithelstock V.
Giles, St., in-the-Wood V
Huntshaw R.
Huish R.
Iddisleigh R.
Langtree R.
Meeth R. ♦
Merton R.
Newton St. Petrock R.
Peters Marland V.
Petrockstow R.
Roborough R.
Shebbear V. with Sheepwash C
Torrington, Great, V.
Torrington, Little, V.
Yarnscombe V.
AKCHDEACONRY OF TOTNES.
Archdeacon. — Ven. Alfred Earle, M.A., West Alvington, Kingsbridge.
1. — Deanery of Tpplepen,
Rural Dean — Rev. John Hewett, M.A., Babbacombe.
Babbacombe V.
Brixham V. with Churston Fer-
rers C.
Brixham, Lower, V.
Collaton St. Mary V.
Ipplepen V.
Kingskerswell V.
Kingswear V.
Mary Church, St., V. with Cof-
finswell C.
Nicholas, St., V.
Paignton V. with Marldon C.
Petrox, St., V. with Chapel of
Ease
Stokeinteignhead R.
Stoke Flemino^ R.
Townstal V. with St. Saviour's C
Torquay —
Tor Mohun, w. Cockington V
Ellacombe V.
St. John V.
St. Luke V.
Torwood R. w. St. Matthias C
Upton R.
Rural Dean —
Abbotsker swell V.
Ashburton V. with Buckland C.
Bickington V
Bovey, North, R.
Bovey Tracey V. with St. John's
Chapel
Chagford R.
Chudleigh V.
Combeinteignhead R.
Denbury R.
2. — Deanery ofMoreton.
Rev. W. Thornton, M.A., North Bovey, Moreton.
Haccombe R.
Hennock V. with Knighton C.
Highw^eek R. with St. Mary's
Chapel
Ideford R.
Ilsington V.
Kingsteignton V.
Leusden V.
Lustleigh R.
Manaton R.
Moreton Hampstead R.
Ogwell East with West U.R.
Teigngrace R.
Torbrian R.
Trusham R.
Widdecombe in the Moor V.
Wolborough R. with St. Leonard
Newton Abbot
Paul's C.
Woodland V.
C. and Si
Rural Dean — Rev.
Ashbury and Northlew U.R.
Beaworthy R.
Belstone R.
Bratton Clovelly R.
Bridestowe R. with Sourton C,
Broadwoodkelly R.
Drewsteignton E.
Exbourne R.
Gidley R.
[3. — Deanery of Okehampton,
George Woollcombe, M.A., The Rectory, Highampton.
I
Hatherleigh V.
Highampton R.
Honeychurch R.
Inwardleigh R.
Jacobstow R.
Monk Okehampton R.
Okehampton V, with St. James's
Chapel
Sampford Courtnay R. wit]
Sticklepath C.
Spreyton V.
Tawton, North, R.
Tawton, South, V. with
Zeal Chapel
Throwleigh R.
Week, St. German's, V.
Sout:
Hisstory o±" I>e>^oiisli.tre.
35
4. — Deanery of Plympton.
Rural Dean — Rev. C. C. Bartholomew, M.A., Cornwood, Ivybridge.
jBickleigh V.
[Brixton V.
Corn wood V.
Egg Buckland V.
Erminojton V. with Kingston C.
Harford R.
liolbeton V.
Hooe, V.
Ivybridge V.
Modbury V. with Brownstone C.
Newton Ferrers R.
Plympton St. Mary V.
Plympton St. Maurice V.
Plymstock V.
Revelstoke R.
Shaugh V.
Sheepstor V.
Tamerton Foliot V.
Ugborough Y.
Wembury V.
Yealmpton V.
Rural Dean-
5. — Deanery of Tavistock.
-Rev. W. H. D. Purcell, M.A., Sydenham Damerel, Tavistock.
Bere Ferrers R. with Bere
Alston C.
Buckland Monachorum V.
Bradstone R.
Brent Tor V.
Cory ton R.
Dunterton R.
Horrabridge V.
Kelly R.
Lamerton V. with North Brentor
Chapel
Lewtrenchard R.
Lifton R.
Lydford R. with Princetown C.
Maristow V. with Thrushelton C.
Meavy R.
Milton Abbot V.
Sampford Spiney R.
Stowford R.
Sydenham Damerel R.
Tavistock V.
St. Paul V.
Tavy St. Mary R.
Tavy St. Peter R.
Walkhampton V.
Whitchurch V.
Rural Dean-
\ Budeaux, St., V.
Stoke Damerel, R.
Devonport —
~ ockyard Chapel
t. Aubyn P.C.
t. James V.
t. John C.
t. Mary V,
St. Paul V.
St. Stephen V.
Rural Dean-
6. — Deanery of Three Towns.
-Rev. C. T. Wilkinson, M.A., St. Andrew, Plymouth.
St. Michael P.C.
Plymouth —
All Saints V.
Charles V.
Christ Church Y.
Compton GifFord, Emmanuel
P.C.
Holy Trinity Y. with St.
Saviour's Churcli
St. Andrew's Ch.
St. Andrew Y. with Penny-
cross C.
St. James Y.
St. Luke P.C.
St. Peter Y.
Sutton on Plym Y.
Stonehouse, East, Y.
St. Matthew P.C.
St. Paul's Chapel
7. — Deanery ofTotnes.
-Rev. R. Bartholomew, M.A., The Yicarage, Harberton.
Ashprington R.
Berry Pomeroy Y.
Brent, South, Y.
Buckfastleigh Y.
Broadhempston Y.
Corn worthy Y.
Dartington R. with St. Barnabas
Chapel
Dean Prior Y.
Diptford R.
Dittisham R.
Halwell Y.
Harberton Y.
Harbertonford Y.
Holne Y.
Landscove Y,
Little Hempston R.
Morleigh R.
North Huish R.
Rattery Y.
Staverton Y.
Stoke Gabriel R.
Totnes Y.
8. — Deanery of Woodleigh.
Rural Dean — Rev. J. Power, M.A., Dodbrooke, Kingsbridge.
Allington, East, R.
Allington, West, Y. with South
Milton C.
Aveton GifFord R.
Blackawton Y. with Street C.
Bigbury R.
Charleton R.
Churchstow Y. w. Kingsbridge C.
Dodbrooke R.
Loddiswell Y. with Buckland
Tout Saints C.
Malborough & South Huish P.C.
Pool, South, R.
Portlemouth R.
Ringmore R.
Salcombe Y.
Slapton Y.
Stokenham Y. with Chivelstone
C. and Sherford C.
Thurlestone R.
Woodleigh R.
Miscellaneous Divisions. — There are 484 civil parishes or townships (in which a poor rate is
levied separately) and extra-parochial places; one such civil parish (Axminster) extends into Dorset-
shire. Devon is the Western division for the localisation of the forces, and has 34 sub- districts. At
36 History of* I>evotisliii*^.
the time of the census there were 26 head post offices, 273 sub-post offices (including town receiving
offices), 247 pillar letter boxes, 131 telegraph offices, 3 collectors of Inland Revenue districts, 10
supervisors' districts, 55 divisions and rides, 5 surveyors of taxes' districts, and G ports or dis-
tricts into which the coast had been divided by Her Majesty's Customs Department (Barnstaple, Bido-
ford, Dartmouth, Exeter, Plymouth, and Teignmouth.)
Manufactures. — The manufacture of woollen cloths in Devon appears to have been derived from!
Flanders and the Low Countries. No mention is made of fulling mills in this county in Domesday]
Survey, but they' are referred to in the charters of Edward I. A manufactory of either lace ori
woollen was formerly to be found in most parts of the county, but both have greatly declined herej
during the present century, owing to the amazing extension of machinery and the factory system, in;
the Midland and Northern Counties, which have nearly annihilated these branches of industry in their
primitive seats, where the old domestic system was adhered to. There are still a few large woollen
mills and several thousand looms in different parts of the county employed in making serges, blankets,
and other coarse woollen cloths. Cloth was woven at Exeter and Chudleigh in the reign of Edward
I. Dartmoor wool, however, was at that time exported ; but Edward III. prohibited the exportation
of wool, and encouraged the immigration of foreign weavers, many of whom settled in this county.
In the 15th. century, friezes, Tavistocks, or western dozens, and other sorts of coarse cloths, were ex-
ported by the Devonshire merchants to Brittany. In the reign of Edward IV. an Italian taught the
English the art of weaving kerseys ; and in the early part of the 16th century 'Devonshire kerseys'
were an important article of commerce to the Levant. The woollen manufacture was greatly ex-
tended here in the reign of Elizabeth, as noticed with Exeter, and continued to flourish, till the close of
last century. The market for wool and cloths, which had been long at Crediton, was removed to
Exeter in 1538. Totnes produced a sort of coarse cloth, called Pynn- whites, not made elsewhere.
Crediton was famous for fine spinning. Barnstaple and Torrington furnished bayes, fryzadoes, &c.,
and Pilton, cottons and lining, ' so coarse a stuiFe, that there was a voe (a woe) pronounced against
them in these words : — Woe unto you, ye Piltonians, that make cloth without wool.' Many, other
places contributed to the great Exeter mart, which ranked next Leeds in 1759, and exported no fewer
than 330,414 pieces of cloth in 1768, but its trade suffered considerably during the American war.
In 1789, the East India Company bought here 121,000 pieces of serges, &c. ; of which 600 pieces
of broads were made at Crediton, and the rest chiefly at Ashburton, Tavistock, Modbury, North
Tawton, and Newton Bushell. While they had the monopoly of the tea trade, they were enabled to
force their serges or long ells on the Chinese in exchange, and they were induced to do this on several
occasions, at the request of Government, in order to relieve the weavers and manufacturers of this
country in times of distress. From 1795 to 1805, this company annually purchased here from
250,000 to 300,000 pieces. In 1838, there were still in the county 39 woollen mills, and more than
3,000 looms employed in weaving serges. Of the latter there were in and around Ashburton, 660 ;
Okehampton, 530; Cullompton, 500; Buckfastleigh, 700; Exeter, 300; Totnes, 230; South and
North Molton, 200; Crediton and North Tawton, 150; and Tavistock, 100. The manufacture of
blankets has been introduced into Devonshire since the expiration of the East India Company's trading
monopoly, and many of the women of Devon, previously employed in weaving serges, have since been
employed in glove making, &c. Since the repeal of the prohibition to export English wool, great
quantities have been exported from Devonshire, chiefly to France, for the manufacture of finer articles
than serges. In 1838, there were in Devon three flax mills and three silk mills. The latter are at
Church Stanton, Aylesbeare, and Ottery St. Mary, and employ upwards of 400 hands. From 1755 till
1835, there was a celebrated carpet manufactory at Axminster. Bone or thread lace, commonly
called Honiton lace, is extensively made in the town and neighbourhood of Honiton, and in many
other parts of the county, and gives employment to many thousand women and children, as noticed
with Honiton. At Tiverton and Barnstaple are two extensive lace factories, employed in making
bobbin-net, &c. (See Tiverton.) The former was established in 1815, and the latter in 1822.
Blond lace is also made here, and there are in the county several potteries, many large malting and
tanning establishments, several large foundries and machine works, &c., &c. Although the woollen
trade has very much declined in this county, yet there are still extensive mills, amongst the principal
of which are those situated at Buckfastleigh, North Tawton, and Chagford. At Ashburton Messrs.
Berry alone represent the once numerous body of clothiers, and it is due to their perseverance, and
to that of Messrs. Ilamlyn, of Buckfastleigh, that the branch still exists in the valley of the Dart.
Although they have extensive sorting shops, &c., within the Borough of Ashburton, yet the Messrs.
Berry do not actually carry on their manufacture within the ancient borough, and a calamitous fire
which occurred on the 19th of November 1877, the same day which witnessed the similar destruction
of Lamerton Church, burnt to the ground their largest mill, which was situated at iBuckfast, and
which was a very extensive erection of five storeys, and filled with the newest and best machinery.
There is a strong probability (although there is no absolute proof) that the woollen manufacture was
very greatly encouraged, if not actually introduced, in the Dart valley by the Cistercian Monks, who
History of Devonshire.
S7
jiDlonised the neighbouring Abbey of Buckfast. Paint works, for the manufacture of paint without
'hite lead, have been recently established on the banks of the Yeo (tributary of the Dart), within
le parish of Ashburton. (For number of persons engaged in the chief occupations, see page 26.)
Fisheries. — Great quantities of salmon and salmon-trout are taken in the principal rivers of
)evon ; but those taken in the Exe and Dart are the most esteemed. Salmon-peal are found in the
'avy, Tamar, Erme, Dart, Mole, and Otter, and lamprey in the Exe and Mole. The Salmon-Weir
1 the Tavy, near Buckland Abbey, is a work of considerable magnitude, thrown across the river in a
art where two projecting rocks serve as buttresses to the masonry, which is built somewhat arch-
aise, to resist the pressure of the waters in times of flood, when they collect from the slopes of
>artmoor, and rush down with great impetuosity. Turbot, plaice, soles, whiting, mullet, mackerel,
ilchards, gurnet, flounders, herrings, sprats, crabs, lobsters, and other fish abound in the Channels
pposite both coasts. Brixham, in Torbay, is the largest fishing port in Devon, an^ after it rank
'Jy mouth, Teignmouth, Lympstone, Topsham, Dartmouth, Salcombe, and Ilfraeombe. There are
xtensive oyster beds at Starcross, Newton-Ferrers, Lympstone, and Topsham: The torpedo, or
lectric ray, has occasionally been taken in Torbay and the river Dart. The opah, or king-fish, is
ery rare, but one was taken at Brixham, in 1772, weighing 140 lbs., and its flesh ' looked and tasted
ke beef.' The sepia, or cuttle-fish, is frequently taken in nets by fishermen off Teignmouth and
lapton Sands. Dartmouth, Teignmouth, Torquay, Bideford, Topsham, and Plymouth, formerly
2nt many vessels to the Newfoundland fishery, but that trade has considerably declined, and only the
iree first-named places are now partially engaged in it. The principal rivers are now under the
apervision of boards of conservators, and licenses for salmon fishing (and in many instances for
out fishing also) are issued by them, at various rates, according to the abundance of the fish.
I almon passes have been constructed on many of the weirs, but much improvement is still necessary
1 those provisions on many streams, particularly at Totnes. . The small streams on Dartmoor abound
^ith trout, and the writer killed 1137 with his own rod there in about six weeks o£ 1877, the largest
f which weighed 2 lb. 1-J oz.
Education, &c. — The schools of Devonshire are very numerous, and they have been greatly
icreased of late years, and Science and Art classes under the Department at South Kensington have
een recently freely established. Since the Elementary Education Act was passed in 1870, School
loards have been formed in many of the towns and villages, and new schools have been erected by
lem. There are still in the county many endowed grammar and charity schools and a great
umber of elementary schools, supported by subscriptions and the weekly payments of the
cholars. According to the 24th Eeport of the Science and Art Department, 52 Science Schools
7ere examined in May 1876, and there were 54 Science Schools in existence in January 1877.
)rawing was taught in 70 Elementary Schools, of which 27 were National and Church of England,
9 Board, 3 Wesleyan, and 21 Charity and other Schools; 29 Art classes were aided by the Depart-
fient, and there were 3 unaided. There were 6 Schools of Art in the county and 1 Training College
xamined in drawing in May 1877. ' The Elementary Education Act, 1876,' 39-40 Vict. c. 79
August 15, 1876], which came into operation on January 1, 1877, provides for the appointment of
School Attendance Committee for every borough and parish for which a School Board has not been
lected.
The following list of the School Boards formed in the county to March 31, 1877, gives the
:umber of members, and the date of formation. (For further particulars see the parish or parishes
br which they have been constituted.)
Board
No. of
Members
When formed
Board
No. of
Members
When formed
(c) Abbottskerswell .
5
March 27, 1875
Brixham
7
April 1, 1874
Alphington .
5
March 31, 1875
(c) Broadhempstone with
5
April 3, 1875
(c) Ashwater
5
May 1, 1875
"Woodland (contrib.)
2
* Axminster .
5
March 16, 1874
Broadwoodwidger
5
July 6, 1874
(c) Aylesbeare, Harpford,
Buckfastleigh
5
March 29, 1871
&VennOttery(U.D.)
7
June 14, 1875
(c) Buckland Brewer .
5
May 31, 1875
(c) Bampton
5
March 31, 1875
(c) Cadeleigh .
5
April 5, 1875
Barn&taple .
7
Feb. 25, 1871
* Cliarles (or S. Molton) .
5
June 17, 1872
Bideford . - .
7
Jan. 16, 1871
(c) Chawleigh (U.D.)
5
Feb. 19, 1873
(c) Bishops Nymptom
5
Nov. 26, 1874
(c) Cheriton Bishop .
5
Jan. 13, 1875
(c) Blackawton .
5
Aug. 21, 1874
(c) Cheriton Fitzpaine and
(c) Bow (or Nymet Tracey)
• 5
Jan. 12, 1875
Stoekleigh English
(c) Bratton Clovelley
5
July 31, 1874
(U.D.) . . .
5
April 26, 1875
Braunton
5
Aug. 19, 1871
(c) Chivelstone .
5
Nov. 26, 1874
Bridford
5
Aug. 11, 1875
Christow
5
March 17, 1875
38
History or T>cvoiiHliire.
Board
No. of
11 embers
When formed
Board .
No. of
Members
When formed
Chulnilcigh .
5
March 20, 1871
Modbury
7
Sept. 29, 1875
(c) ChurcluStanton .
5
May 7, 1875
Morotonhampstetul
5
Aug. 22, 1874
Clawton, Tetcott, and
(c) Morthoo
5
Feb. 17, 1875
Luffingeot (U.D.)
5
Aug. 31, 1874
(c) Musbury
5
Nov. 12, 1875
(e) Clayhidon .
5
March 23, 1875
(c) Newton St. Cyras
5
Jan. 12, 1875
Clovelly
5
Feb. 12, 1873
North Molton
5
May 26, 1874
(c) Coffinswcll&Haccombe
5
Nov. 14, 1874
North Petherwin
5
Feb. 20, 1873
Cok'brooko .
5
Nov. 13, 1873
North Tawton
5
Feb. 21, 1872
* Coloridge
f)
Sept. 16, 1872
Okehampton.
5
Jan. 9, 1872
Colyton
5
May 23, 1874
(c) Ottery St. Mary
5
Nov. 23, 1873
(c) Crediton
7
Aug. 20, 1874
Paignton
5
Jan. 29, 1874
(c) Culmstock .
June 26, 1874
Parkham
5
April 12, 1873
Dartmouth .
5
Jan. 25, 1871
Plymouth .
13
Jan. 31, 1871
Dawlish
7
Oct. 26, 1874
Plymstock .
5
June 21, 1871
(c) Denbury (U.D.) .
5
March 29, 1875
(c) Romansleigh and Mari-
Devonport .
11
Jan. 24, 1871
ansleigh (U.D.)
5
April 19, 1875
(c) Doddiscombsleigli
5
May 17, 1876
(c) Pose Ash
5
Jan. 13, 1875
Drewsteignton
5
July 1, 1871
(c) St. Giles in the Heath
1
Dunsford
5
May 24, 1871
(U.D.) . . .
5
March 25, 1875 !
(c) East and West Putford
St. Leonard .
5
July 22, 1874
(U.D.) . . .
5
Nov. 21, 1874
St. Nicholas .
5
Oct. 24, 1874
(c) Ea,st and "West Teign-
St. Thomas the Apostle
7
Feb. 28, 1871
mouth (U.D.) .
7
Jan. 16, 1875
(c) Sampford Courteney
5
Aug. 21, 1874
(c)East and West Wor-
& Honeychurch with
lington (U.D.) .
5
April 1, 1874
Belstone (contrib.) .
2
(c) East Anstey .
o
Feb. 8, 1875
(c) Shaugh Prior
5
Dec. 28, 1874
East Stonehouso .
7
June 16, 1874
(c) Shebbear (U.D.) .
5
Oct. 1, 1874
(c) Erm and Avon (U.D.
(c) Shorford
5
April 7, 1875
[see Bigbury descrip.]
7
April 29, 1873
(c)Shute . . . .
5
Jan. 4, 1875
Ermington .
5
Feb. 28, 1872
Slapton
5
July 8, 1874
Exeter.
9
Jan. 31, 1871
South Brent .
5
Aug. 20, 1874
Exmouth
7
March 22, 1875
(c) South Leigh .
5
Jan. 12, 1875
Garmansweek
5
March 30, 1874
South Tawton
5
Aug. 1, 1872
Great Torrington .
5
Feb. 16, 1871
Spreyton
5
April 3, 1876
Halberton .
7
April 20, 1871
* Stoke Fleming (extra
(c) Halwell and Beaworthy
municipal)
5
March 2, 1874
(U.D.) . . .
5
April 23, 1875
Stoke Gabriel
5
Aug. 27, 1873
(c) Halwell and Morleigh
(c) Stokeinteignhead .
5
April 10, 1875
(U.D.) . . .
5
April 29, 1875
(c) Stokenham .
5
Aug. 22, 1874
Hartland .
7
Aug. 26, 1874
Stoke Rivers
5
Feb. 3, 1875
Hatherleigh .
5
April 29, 1874
(c) Sutcombe
5
Nov. 26, 1874
(c) Heanton Punchardon,
Tavistock .
7
March 14, 1874
Ashford (U.D.)
5
Nov. 24, 1874
! (c) Tedburn St. Mary
5
Nov. 18, 1874
(c) Hemioek
5
March 16, 1875
! (c) Throwleigh and Gid-
(e) Hennock
5
March 13, 1875
leigh (U.D.) .
5
Jan. 11, 1875
Hitti sleigh, with .
5
Sept. 30, 1874
Tiverton
9
July 2, 1874
Bow or Nymet Traccy
2
* Topsham
6
April 17, 1872
Crediton .
2
Totnes ....
5
Jan. 31, 1871
Drewsteignton (conts.)
2
Uffculme .
5
June 26, 1872
Holbeton
Nov. 7, 1871
Ugborough .
5
July 16, 1874
(c) Horwood and Newton
Upottery
5
April 8. 1872
Tracey(U.D.) .
5
Feb. 4, 1875
(c) Wcmbury .
5
July 18, 1874
(c) Instow ....
5
Nov. 23, 1874
* West Leigh .
5
Oct. 10, 1872
(c) Inwardleigh .
5
Feb. 20, 1877
Whitchurch .
5
Feb. 2, 1874
Ipplepen
5
Sept. 16, 1872
W i d d ec m be-i n-th e-
Kenton
5
Feb. 9, 1873
Moor
7
May 1, 1875
(c) Lapford and Nymet
AVilland
5
July 17, 1872
Eowland (U.D.)
5
Nov. 24, 1873
(c)Winkleigh .
5
March 31, 1874
(c) Littleham and Land-
j (c) Woolfardsworthy, near
cross (U.D.) .
5
Jan. 9, 1875
; Bideford .
5
Dec. 19, 1874
(c) Lustleigli with .
5
Nov. 13, 1875
(c) Woolfardsworthy .
5
May 3, 1876
Bovoy Tracey (cont.).
2
AVashford Pyne and
(c) Lydford
5
Jan. 12, 1875
Kenncrleigh (U.D.)
5 .
(c) Marwood
5
Dec. 8, 1874
with Thelbridge (con-
(c) Membury
5
Jan. 18, 1875
tributory)
2
Milton Damerel .
5
Nov. 24, 1874
Zeal Monachorura.
5
Feb. 3, 1875
* Notes. — U.D. signifies United District. An asterisk* is prefixed to the name of each Board formed under
sec. 12 (v.), and (c) to that of each Board formed compulsorily under sec. 10 or 40 of the Elementary Education
Act, 1870.
History of Devoiisliire. 39
Charities, &C. — The Parliamentary Commissioners commenced to issue their reports of the
;harities in 1815 : the Keports occupy four octavo volumes, and those pertaining to the City of Exeter
I, fifth ; and their substance will be found to be incorporated at subsequent pages in the accounts of
,he charities of each town or parish. Many of the abuses noticed by the Commissioners have since
)een rectified. In Exeter, Plymouth, Totnes, Ashburton, and many other towns, are valuable public
ibraries, and in the two first are important literary institutions, and throughout the county there are
Hany and various friendly societies for the benefit of the working classes. In the parvise of Totnes
jhurch there is a very curious and interesting library, a catalogue of which has been lately published
n a work entitled * Asliburton and its Neighbourhood,' by Mr. C. Worthy of Ashburton ; it is supposed
;o have originated in the gift of one Gabriel Barber in 1619, and a very large proportion of the 334
trolumes of which the collection consists were printed at a date anterior to this. Some of the books
ire in a tolerable state of preservation, but others are in a "very dilapidated condition, which is the
aaore to be regretted since they include several rare and very valuable works.
Amongst the charitable institutions of the county may be particularly noticed — the County
Lunatic Asylum at Exminster ; the Institution for Idiots at Starcross ; the North Devon Infirmary at
Barnstaple; the Devon and Exeter Hospital founded 1741, and containing over 200 beds and a good
medical library ; the South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital at Plymouth : the Asylums for the
Blind and those also for the Deaf and Dumb ; the British Seaman's Orphan Home, established in
1860 at Brixham ; and the Royal British Female Orphan Asylum, established at Devonport in 1839
for the support of the orphan daughters of sailors and soldiers. At Bovey Tracey there is a fine
building, with a very beautiful chapel, for the reception of Fallen Women within the county, in order
that they may be established in some respectable calling to enable them to earn their livelihood.
This establishment is supported by voluntary contributions, and is in the care of members of the
Clewer Sisterhood ; it was commenced in 1861, and formally opened in 1863, but the foundatioji stone
of the permanent building was laid by the Earl of Devon in 1865 ; it receives 72 inmates. The Lord
Bishop of the Diocese is the visitor, and the business is managed by a large and influential local
committee, consisting of sundry gentry and beneficed clergy of the diocese.
Ancient History. — Devon was called Dunan by the Cornish Britons ; Deuffneynt by the Welsh ;
and Devnascyre by the Anglo-Saxons. It is supposed that it was inhabited at a very remote period,
and that its inhabitants had commercial transactions in tin, &c., with the Phoenicians and Greeks.
Polwhele says that its aborigines were the Danmonii ; but Whitaker supposes the latter were the
Belgic invaders, and that the first inhabitants were the Cimbri, some of whom, after the invasion of
the Belgge from Gaul, emigrated to Ireland, and others continued in the north- west parts of Devon-
shire. Ca3sar tells us that when he landed in Britain, he found the Belgas occupying the sea-coast ;
but Richard of Cirencester says the Cimbri were on the north, and the Danmonii on the south coast
of Devon. The county was included with Cornwall, under the name of Danmonium, which is sup-
posed to be derived from the Phoenician words dan or dun, a hill, and moina, mines ; or from Welsh
words signifying deep valleys. Westcote thus accounts for the name of Devonshire : — ' I would call it
^^ Avonshire,^' De-avonshire, and so by contraction '' Denshire." Avon in the old British language is the
name for fleet waters : as wells, mills, brooks, streams, and rivers ; and this province abounds more
with waters and rivers than any other that I have read of. I am induced to believe it may, with as
good reason, take name from them as from mines, valleys, or Danes. De-avon also, or Devon, the
county of rivers, requires less alteration of letters than any other.' Westcote also objects to the
derivation of Devon from Deuffneynt, &c., because the Welsh have another and more ordinary and
more significant name-word for valleys, viz., * Lhan.^ This conjecture, however, is not substantiated
by the name given to Devonshire in ancient Welsh MSS. Under the Roman domination, Devon was
included in that large and important division of the island called Britannia Prima ; and by the Saxons
it was made part of the kingdom of Wessex, and so continued till the incorporation of the Saxon
kingdoms into one monarchy, in the time of Egbert ; as will be noticed with Exeter, as most of the
momentous events relating to the general history of Devon are necessarily incorporated with the histoiy
of that city. There has been nothing peculiar in the government of Devonshire, except that of the
Stannary haws, which have been in force from a very early period in the mining districts.
The Stannary Parliaments were anciently held in the open air, on an elevated spot called
Crockerntor, in Dartmoor. Polwhele, who wrote about 1795, says that the president's chair, the
jurors' seats, &c., cut in the rude stone, remained entire nearly till that period, though it had been
customary for a very long time only to open the commission and swear in the jury on the site of the
ancient court, and then to adjourn to the court house of one of the stannary towns, viz., Ashburton,
Chagford, Plympton, and Tavistock. The stannary prison was a miserable dungeon at Lidford
Castle. The custom of opening the court at Crockerntor has been many years disused. The table
and seats of Moorstone were destroyed by the workmen of the late Sir Francis BuUer, unknown
to him, and the fragments used for some buildings then in process of erection. The Judge's Seat,
however, may still be seen inside a gate opposite the entrance to a farm called Brownberry, on the
40 History of* r>evoiisliir»e.
road between Ashburton and Prince-Town. It is not known when the last Parh'ament was held i
at Crockerntor. They were not convened at regular periods, but only when the Lord Warden of the i
Stannaries saw fit. Prince, who wrote in 1697, mentions Crockern as the place where the Stannary i
parliament was wont to be held. Probably the latest (which may have been adjourned from ',
Crockerntor) was that convened in 1703, when Lord Granville was Warden, and the Hon. Samuel I
Ivolle, Vice- Warden, and on this occasion the * Parliament of Tinners' was summoned to meet at i
eight o'clock in the morning of September 23. The courts of the Stannaries, however, remained (and ;;
in a modified form continue to do so in Cornwall) ; one of the latter was held at Ashburton in 1757 '
(when John Hill, of Ashburton, proclaimed one pair of tin bounds called Broomshill), and ther(;
were many subsequent courts held here even after most of the tinners had left the district. In the
Stowe library, there was a black-letter tract with a woodcut, dated 1618. This book is entitled
* True relation of the Accident at Chagford, in Devonshire,' and contains the following memo-
randum : — * These five persons next in order following were slayne by the iiiU of part of the market-
house of Chagford, upon tin court daie sitting of the court, presently after dinner, on Friday, the
sixth daie of March, 1617 : John Cann, John Lillycrop of Crediton ; Gregorie Hele, of Colebrooke ;
William Adams, of Gidleigh ; and Timothy Mole of Ashburton.' Sir Richard Strode, of Newnham,
M.P. for the borough of Plympton in 1512, endeavoured to procure an Act for the protection of the
western harbours from the injuries caused by the stream works. He himself had an interest in
the tin mines of the country, and he thus rendered himself peculiarly obnoxious to the Stannators,
who prosecuted him for imputed crimes against the Stannary laws in the court at Crockerntor, and
fined him in heavy penalties, which he refused to pay. He was therefore thrown into the prison
of Lidford Castle, which was described in the order of Parliament, by which he obtained redress for
his ill-treatment as ' one of the most hainous, contagious, and detestable places in the realm ' ; he
was kept in this dungeon for more than three weeks, and fed only on bread and water. But, as
Lysons remarks, ' this case of daring outrage gave occasion to the establishment and maintenance
of some of the most important privileges of Parliament.'
It may be as well, in the first place, to refer to the fabled colonisation of this country by Brutus,
the Trojan (since that hero is stated to have first landed in Devon), albeit the credit of the story is
chiefly supported by Geoffrey of Monmouth, a writer who has always been regarded as simply a
^ manufiicturer of history,' and who was regarded, even by his contemporaries, as utterly unreliable.
His history of Britain was published in the reign of Henry II. (1154-1189), and in it he relates that
Brutus, son of Silvius, and grandson of ^neas, having, whilst hunting, accidentally killed his father,
fled his country, and made his way to Greece. Having collected a number of followers, he freed
from captivity the descendants of Hellenus, the son of Priam, defeated an unknown king of Greece (sic),
called Pandarus, whose daughter he married, and then set sail with all his forces in 324 ships, and
landed on a deserted island named Leogetia, where he discovered a temple dedicated to Diana, whose
oracle desired him to proceed * to a western island beyond Gaul, where he would found another
Troy and give rise to a race of kings by whom the world would be subdued.' He first over-ran
Gaul, and then proceeded to this island, where his subsequent history, as related in early chronicles,
is too well known to need repetition here ; sufficient, that he is said to have landed at Totnes in this
county A.M. 2855, B.C. 1108, and 334 years before the first Olympiad, and to have lefl; his name to
Britain. This preposterous fable is related at large by Holinshed, and occupies five chapters in
his second book !
In accounting for the name of the country, one possible origin appears to have been over-
looked. Why may not the first settlers in this country have been emigrant ' Brutii ' ? — a people
who resided in the remotest parts of Italy, and who were at one time shepherds to the Lucanians,
and who received the name by which they were afterwards known for their stupidity and cowardice
in submitting without opposition to Annibal in the second Punic War, B.C. 218. Nothing trust-
worthy is known of the history of this country until its invasion by Julius Csesar, in the year B.C. 55.
The Phoenicians of Cadiz are supposed to have traded Avith Devon and Cornwall for tin, &c.,
some centuries before the Christian era. The Ancient Britons in the south of England had made
some little progress towards civilisation when Csesar invaded the island. They were divided into
various tribes and nations, and the commonly-received opinion is that their religion, which formed
part of their free monarchial government, was Druidical. The British Druids exercised their
utmost authority in opposing thei invasion of the Romans, who, fired with equal resentment, deter-
mined to secure themselves by exterminating the Druidic Order. In ancient times, Devonshire pro-
duced greater quantities of tin than Cornwall, and the m.ethod of mining was then of the simplest
description, by ' shoding and streaming.' There are numerous stream works on Dartmoor and its
vicinity, which have been forsaken for ages. In the parishes of Manaton, Kingsteignton, and Teign-
grace, are many old tin works of this kind. It has been considered that the Druids were nu-
merous in Devonshire, and that they were conversant with Dartmoor Forest and the neighbourhood,
and that this is made evident from the cromlechs, logan-stones, rock basins, stone pillars, circles,
History of IDcvonsliirc 41
cairns, rocking stones, rude bridges, &c., still to be seen in the wild solitudes of the forest, and in the
surrounding parishes of Drewsteignton, Manaton, Okehampton, &c. These will be described under
the heads of the parishes in which they occur, but it is right to mention that many who have carefnlly
investigated these subjects are of opinion that there are no satisfactory indications of Druidism in the
county, and are disposed altogether to doubt its existence there. For instance, Dr. McCulloch and
others consider that the rock basins have been formed by the action of water, air, and frost. Many
look upon the cromlechs as merely sepulchral monuments, and that the logan-stones (which are clearly
inartificial) were applied to Druidical purposes, is purely a matter of conjecture. History, however,
tells us that the religious and civil jurisdiction of the Druids prevailed all over Britain, and that they
dispensed justice, not imder any written code of laws, but on what they professed to be equitable
principles — all their verdicts being determined by such sense as the assembled delegates entertained of
impartial justice, and on discordance of opinion in the congress, appeal was made to the Arch-Druid,
whose sentence was decisive. They worshipped in temples and in deep groves ; and were not much
addicted to idolatry as some authors have asserted, but adored the God of nature, and rendered Him
praise on the yearly succession of the seasons, which they kept as solemn festivals. Though they
dealt largely in allegory and symbolical representations, they practised but little priestcraft, and held
not the ignorance of their votaries in the bonds of superstition ; but they clearly explained the mys-
teries and symbols used in their ceremonies to the initiated. To remove from the people all
possibility of sophistry and innovation, their maxims of justice were taught orally; and the sons of
chief personages were disciples in their ethic schools, where the rules of moral life were inculcated as
the foundation of human wisdom. They studied medicine and the virtue of plants, of which the
mistletoe was their chief specific ; and they held nothing so sacred as the mistletoe of the oak, which
they gathered with great pomp and ceremony on a certain day, appointed for their greatest festival.
In their civil government, capital offenders were sentenced to death, and publicly sacrificed on the
altars of their temples ; while those convicted of minor crimes were excluded from public worship,
and excommunicated from all civil and religious benefits, till they had washed out, with the tears of
repentance, the stains with which their guilt had branded them. Julius C^sar said the Druids incul-
cated the immortality and transmigration of the soul, and discoursed Avith youth much about the
heavenly bodies. Much information is obtained respecting the Druids from ancient and authentic
writers, who had the best means of inquiry ; and although many of their descriptions relate to the
Continent, they are not less applicable to Britain, for it appears certain that the religious principles
and the practice of both were similar. This we learn from Caesar, who affirms, moreover, that such
of the Gauls as were desirous of becoming thoroughly conversant with the principles of their
religion were accustomed to travel for that purpose into this country, so that it might seem that
Druidism in Britain was the parent stock, ' Disciplina in Britannia reperta atque in Galliam translata
esse existimatur.' Great numbers of the Druids were massacred by the Eomans in the unsuccessful
revolt of the Britons under Queen Boadicea, and from that period their power and splendour rapidly
disappeared. It is a commonly received opinion that the wild solitudes of Dartmoor are the
great store-houses of Druidical and other British remains in Devon, and it is even conjectured that
the ancient oaks of Wistman's or Wiseman's Wood, near Bairdown, or the Hill of Bards, amidst the
gigantic tors and the rude British remains of Dartmoor Forest, are the ' posterity ' of a Druidical
grove. This extensive forest is popularly believed to have been one of the last retreats of the Druids
of Danmonia, and their favourite place of resort.
Ancient British roads ran from Exmouth to Woodbury, and thence to Taunton in Somersetshire ;
from Exeter to Molland, from Crediton to Haldon, from Exeter to Okehampton, and from Beaton to
Molland. In the ancient tin streams in and near Dartmoor various celts and Roman coins, rings,
brooches, &c., have been found. In the museum of the Torquay Natural History Society there is a
celt or chisel, probably of bronze, Avhich was ploughed up about the year 1873 on a portion of Bovey
Heathfield; it is 4 ft. 8 in. long, and its transverse sections are rectangular parallelograms, having the
angles slightly rounded off. Very interesting remains have been frequently discovered in Kent's
Cavern, near Torquay, which of late years has undergone a careful and elaborate exploration. Antique
bronze wristlets were found some years ago on the wrists of a skeleton dug up in the earthwork near
Lower St. Columb ; and near the remains of the Phoenician smelting houses was found a block of
' Jew's tin,' much corroded, and betraying marks of such great antiquity, that it is supposed to be the
most ancient in existence.
As noticed with Exeter, the Eomans had their chief station in this county at Exeter, from which
they had roads diverging mostly in the lines of the British track ways. The principal of these passed
through the whole length of Devonshire from north-east to south-west, and was called Ikeneld Street.
It entered this county from Dorsetshire, a little east of Axminster, whence it proceeded by Shute Hill,
Dalwood-down, Honiton, &c., to the large entrenchment at Hembury Fort. (See Payhembury.) From
the latter it passed by Colestock, Talewater, Tallaton Common, and Larkbeare to Streetway-head, where
it is still known by the name of the Old Taunton Road. It crossed the river at Exeter, a little belolv
42 History of Devoiisliire.
Exe Bridge, and went over Ilaldon Hill, near Ugbrooke, where there is a strong British camp. Below
Newton Abbot it crossed the Teign by a foi-d still called Hacknieldway. Aiter leaving another
]^ritish camp on its left, it passed over Ford Common to Totnes, which was a station of the ancient
]5ritonR. This ancient road was joined at Streetway-head by that from Exmouth, which passed
through the great camp at Woodbury. An undoubted Roman road came from the central parts of
Somersetshire towards Exeter, under the name of the Port-way : its high crest is particularly visible
at Uifculme Common ; it is still the turnpike road from Taunton to Exeter. These roads and many
others, the traces of some of which have altogether perished, were probably in existence long before
the Roman invasion, and the conquerors adopted such of them as were mo^^t convenient for their own
purposes, raising their crest always, and altering their line in some instances, according to their usual
practice ; but, owing to local circumstances, antiquarians have found much difficulty in identifying
them, and in fixing the sites of the stations in this county ; and their opinions are so much at variance,
that we shall dismiss the subject by referring the reader to the histories of those towns and parishes
where there are remains or appearances of them. J
Though vestiges of numerous fortifications and encampments show that Devon was a seat oil
warfare at a very early period, the earliest military transaction on record (if we except the untrust-
worthy statement made by Geoffrey of Monmouth, relative to the leaguer of Exeter by the forces of
Vespasian, a.d. 43) is the defeat of the Britons, in G14, by Cynegilsus, King of the West Saxons.
Matthew of Westminster tells us that in the year 633 Exeter was garrisoned by Brien, the nephew of
Cadwallo, the last British king, and that it was besieged in that year by Penda, King of Mercia.
Cadwallo is stated to have returned to his kingdom, from which he had been driven by the successes
of the Saxons, to have collected an army, and to have conquered Penda in a battle near Exeter, and
as the result of this victory, to have relieved the town. The Danes appear to have been in Devon-
shire during portions of the years 876, 877, and 878 ; we learn both from the Saxon Chronicle, and
from Matthew of Westminster, that they wintered at Exeter in the two latter years, and in the last
they were besieged there by Alfred the Great, and compelled to a truce. In the ensuing year they
landed on the northern coast, and were defeated, with the loss of their favourite standard — the raven.
In 894 they attempted to besiege Exeter, but withdrew on the approach of Alfred. In 1001 they
were equally unsuccessful in their attack upon that city, but pillaged the surrounding country, and
retired with the spoil. Subsequently, however, they gained possession, and nearly destroyed it.
The Domesday Survey states (according to Lysons, ' Mag. Brit.' vol. vi. p. 7),that not long before that
survey was taken, several manors on the southern coast were laid waste by the Irish. In 1067 Exeter
stood a regular siege before it surrendered to William the Conqueror. On the accession of William
Rufus it was laid waste by the partizans of Robert, Duke of Normandy. In the fifteenth century
the French made several attacks upon the maritime towns, burning and plundering Teignmouth,
Plymouth, and others ; in 1404 they were repulsed by the country people near Dartmouth. The
Lord of Pomiers burnt several towns here in 1457. During the civil wars between the houses of
York and Lancaster Devonshire was much disturbed, though no battle Avas fought within its limits.
In 1497 Perkin Warbeck besieged Exeter, but the siege being raised by the Earl of Devon, Warbeck
proceeded to Taunton. In 1549 serious disturbances arose in this county in consequence of the
change of religion. They first originated at Sampford Courtenay, and ere long the rioters were joined
by Sir Thomas Pomeroy, Mr. Coffifi, of Portledge, and others, and the rising took the form of a
regular rebellion, and on July 2 the rebels laid siege to Exeter, which was at length relieved by Lord
Russell on August 6. When the civil wars between Charles I. and the Parliament commenced, this
county was controlled by committees, and the majority of the inhabitants were attached to the Par-
liament. Plymouth was fortified by the townsmen against the royalists. Exeter was garrisoned by
the parliamentarians, and a cavalry body, raised in the county, was stationed at Fitzford, near
Tavistock. After the defeat of the parliamentarians, a cessation of hostilities was agreed on ; but the
treaty was soon broken off, and the county again disturbed by internal broils. In 1644 the Earl of
Essex fixed his head-quarters at Tiverton, and having secured Barnstaple for the Parliament, marched
into Cornwall, and v/as followed by the King. In October Ilfi-acombe and Barnstaple surrendered to
the royal forces. In 1645 the clubmen of Devon declared for the Parliament, and from this time the
royalists experienced great reverses. In the midst of their disasters. Sir Thomas Fairfax, commander-
in-cliief of the parliamentarian army, entered the county, and soon reduced every town and fortress.
lie took Exeter, after a long siege, in April, 1646. Pursuing his victorious career, he stormed the
church and castle of Tiverton, and attacked and defeated Lord Hopeton's army at Torrington. This
victory appears to have given the death-blow to the royalists' power in the West, and the last garrison
which held out for the King was Charles-fort, at Salcombe-Regis. The latest event of great national
importance, which took place in Devonshire, was the landing of William, Prince of Orange, at Torbay,
in 1688, preparatory to the * glorious revolution' which placed him upon the throne. (See Exeter.)
Norman Conquest. — The circumstances which led up to the Battle of Hastings are too well
known to need repetition here. The result of that combat, which was fought on October 14, 1066,
Hi«toi'y oF I>evoiisliii'e. 43
was to place the illegitimate son of Duke Robert of Normandy, by Arlotta, the skinner's daughter of
Falaise, upon the throne of England, and he was no sooner seated upon it than he showed that his
policy was to root out the Anglo-Saxon nobility, and to degrade the native inhabitants of the humbler
classes to the rank of miserable slaves; though in this work he was obstinately opposed in some parts
of the kingdom, especially in the North. Conscious of the detestation in which he was held, he
entertained perpetual jealousy of the English. He built and garrisoned strong castles to keep them
in awe ; and, ' in the wantonness of his power, obliged them to extinguish their fires and candles every
evening at the ringing of a bell called the curfew.' He also caused a survey to be made of all the
lands in the kingdom, the register of which is called Domesday Book, and was finished in 1081, after
a labour of six years, on the model of the Book of Winchester, compiled by order of Alfred the
Great. For the execution of the Conqueror's survey there were appointed commissioners called
King's Justiciaries, or ' Legali Regis,' and these inquisitors (according to Sir Plenry Ellis), upon the
'■ oaths of the sheriffs, the lords of each manor, the presbyters of every church, the reves of every
hundred, the bailiffs and six villans' of every village, were to inquire into the name of the place,
who held it in the time of the king's uncle (Edward the Confessor), who was the present possessor,
how many hides in the manor, and every particular connected with it. All these particulars were to
be triply estimated ; first, as the estate was held in the time of the Confessor, then as it was bestowed
by King William, and thirdly, as its value stood at the foundation of the survey. There is a more
detailed description of this county contained in the Exeter Domesday, preserved in the Chapter
Library at Exeter, which is of the same date, atid which was copied from the returns furnished for
the great survey itself. We find mention there of at least 38 hundreds, into which Devonshire was
then divided. Haytor, Stanborough, and Shebbeare are not in this list, but they probably occupy
the situations of Carswelle, Dippeforde, and Mertone, therein mentioned. (The names of the 33
modern hundreds have been given at page 22.) Throughout ail time this book will be held in esti-
mation, as it specifies the extent of the land in each district; the state it was in, whether meadow,
pasture, wood, or arable : the name of the proprietor ; the tenure by which it was held ; and the
value at which it was estimated. It afforded the Conqueror an exact knowledge of his own land and
revenue, while the rights of his subjects, in disputed cases, were settled by it ; and to this day it
serves to show what manor is ancient demesne, and what is not. This valuable manuscript is still
preserved in the Chapter House, at Westminster Abbey ; and copies of it were printed in the 40th of
George III., for the use of the members of both Houses of Parliament and the public libraries in the
kingdom. In 1862 an admirable fac-siraile copy of the Devonshire portion of this invaluable record
was made by the process known as ' Photo-zincography,' under the direction of Colonel Sir Henry
James, R.E. In Devon, as in other parts of the kingdom, the Conqueror dispossessed the Saxons,
and after appropriating part of their manors and estates to himself and family, he gave the rest to his
Norman friends and followers, especially such as had distinguished themselves in clearing with their
swords his way to the throne.
Measures of Land in Domesday. — A Hide, a Yardland, a Knight's Fee, &c., contained no
certain number of acres, but varied in different places, but it has been described to be ^ as much as
was sufficient to the cultivation of one plough,' whence our term ploughland. The Currucuta, which
also means ploughland, was as much arable as could be managed with one plough, and the cattle
belonging thereto in a year, having meadow pasture and houses for the householders and cattle
belonging to it. It appears that the hide was the measure of land in the Confessor's reign, the
currucuta that to which it was reduced by the Conqueror's new standard. The Hide is generally
estimated as equal to 120 acres. Money is assumed to have been thirty times its present value.
Thus (similarly to other counties), the greatest portion of the land here had during the Conqueror's
reign become ' spolia opima' for his Norman followers, A very large proportion of them were held
by sub-tenants by tenure of service, and one of the latter, William Paganel, held several manors also
in chief from the king. Soon after the Conquest the chief landed property was divided into several
great baronies ; the principal of these was Okehampton, given to Baldwin, the sheriff, and which
contained 92 knights' fees. [A knight's fee has been explained as ' so much inheritance as is sufficient
yearly to maintain a knight.' In the 11th century they were considered to include 5 hides of land ;
in the 13th a knight's fee was £15, or two hundred acres.]
Brayns, now Bradnincii, contained 16 fees, and pertained to the Earl of Cornwall.
Bampton, descended from Walter de Doway to the Bourchiers, Earls of Bath, to whom it
belonged in the 17th century.
The Bishop oe Exeter's Barony, to which 30 fees belonged, had been the property of Eadulf,
first Bishop of Crediton, a.d. 909 ; the head of this Honour was St. Stephen's Church at Exeter.
Totnes.— 28^ fees belonged to Juhel or Judhel.
Barnstaple belonged to the Tracys (of which family was the knight connected with the murder
of Thomas a Becket) ; it contained 28 fees.
44 History of" I>evoiisliire.
ToRRiNGTON, with 29 fees, belonged to William Fitz-Robert in the 12th century, and had
descended to him from his Norman ancestor.
Berry contained 31 and gV ^'^es. It was held by Ralph de Pomeroy and his descendants until
the reign of Edward VI. when its last owner became implicated in the rebellion of 1549.
The Devonshire Domesday commences with a notice of the houses (to the number of 300)
owned by the king in the City of Exeter (see Exeter). Then ibllows a list of those holding
lands in the county, commencing with the king's name, and followed by the bishops, ecclesiastical
bodies, and landed proprietors, according to their rank, that held irom the king in chief The body
of the record contains a list and description of the manors of the royal demesne, and of possessions
of each owner throughout the county, with the names of the sub-tenants. The following is the list
of the principal landowners in Devonshire in 1087, with some additional notes and explanations.
It is a peculiarity of Domesday that a red line is drawn through the names of places, and also
frequently through the names of persons and paragraphs demanding special attention ; this is
equivalent to our modern method of underlining with the same object. The figures after the names
denote the number of manors granted wholly or partially to each —
King William, 78. — 23 of the king's manors had been ancient demesne of the Crown ' ad
regnum pertinentes.' 18 had belonged to Brlctric, son of Algar, a Saxon noble, and had passed to
the Crown on the death, in 1083, of queen Matilda, by whom they had been assumed. 19 had
belonged to Earl Harold ; 8 to Ghida, mother of the Earl ; 4 to Edith, queen of Edward the
Confessor ; 1 to Ausgar the Thane ; and 6 to Lewin, one of the sons of Earl Godwin.
The Bishop of Exeter, 24. — At this time the Bishop of Exeter was Osbern, a brother of William
Fitz-Osbern, Earl of Hereford, one of the principal commanders at the battle of Hastings, con-
sidered by Sir Henry Spelman to have been the first Chief Justice of England. Bishop Osbern
had left Normandy to reside at the court of Edward the Confessor, to ■whom he was related, and as
chaplain to that monarch he had witnessed the dedication of the church of the Abbey of West-
minster. He was consecrated bishop of Exeter at St. Paul's, London, March 28, 1073, as
successor to Leofric, by Lanfranc, the Primate. Domesday Book, commenced and finished in his
time, shows that, in addition to the possessions of the See in Devon and Cornwall, he had landed
property besides in Surrey, Hants, Berks, Gloucester, Norfolk, and Oxfordshire.
'Episcopus Constantiensis,' 91. — Geoffrey, Bishop of Coutances, in Normandy, was chief
justiciary of Ireland, and had been lieutenant-general for the Conqueror at the period of his invasion of
this country ; in all he was rewarded with 280 lordships as his share of the spoil.
The Church of Glastonbury, 1. — The abbot and convent of Glastonbury still held the manor of
LiM, and had done so in the time of the Confessor.
The Church of Tavistock, 14. — The Abbey of Tavistock had been also richly endowed by the
Saxon kings.
The Church of Buckfastleigh, 12. — The Abbey of Buckfast was held prior to the Conquest by
monks professing the rule of St. Benedict. Alwin was abbot there in ths Confessor's reign. About
the year 1137 it became a Cistercian monastery.
Ecclesia de Hortone, 4. — The Abbey of Horton in Dorsetshire possessed these manors many
years before the Conquest in 1122. This abbey, with all its property, was given to the Abbey of
Sherbourn in the same county.
Ecclesia Crenburnensis, 1. — The Priory of Cranbourne in Dorsetshire had similar ancient
poFsessions of the Manor of Losbeare or Loxbeare in the parish of Zeal Monachorum, which parish
pertained to the Abbot of Buckfastleigh. Cranbourne Priory was afterwards annexed to the rich
Abbey of Tewkesbury in Gloucestershire.
Ecclesia de la Batailge, 2 Churches. — The Conqueror founded an abbey near Hastings as a
thank-offering for his victory, and hence it has been called the Church of the Battle, or Battle Abbey.
The abbot of Battle had two churches in this diocese, viz., Colitone, with one hide of land annexed ;
and the Church of St. Olave in Exeter.
The Land of St. Mary of Rotomago, 2. — One manor, the Church of St. Mary of Rouen in
Normandy, held in Devonshire in the Confessor's reign ; King William further endowed it with
Rowerige or Rorige, which had been the property of a Saxon, by name Olieva.
Terra Sci. Michjslis de Monte, 3. — King Edward the Confessor by his charter, dated in 1047,
settled a colony of Benedictine monks upon Mount St. Michael in Cornwall. After the Conquest the
* Gilbertines ' superseded the Benedictines, and Robert, first Earl of Cornwall, and the half-brother of
William of Normandy, attached their cell to the Abbey of St. Michael of the Mount off the Coast of
Normandy. The possessions of the latter community referred to in Domesday were originally the
property of Earl Harold and of the Countess Ghida, the Earl's mother.
Terra St. Stefani de Cadon, 1. — 1 ^, ^ • .i ^i. i. r -d • i. •
Terra Sce.TrinitatisdeCadon,1.-}T^^^^ *^^ ^^^^^•«' anciently the property of Brictnc,
the son of Algar, Lord of the Honour of Gloucester, were respectively given by King William
History o^ I>evoii^li.ii"e. 4;5
(probably after the death of Queen Matilda) to the Abbeys of St. Stephen and of the Holy Trinity,
established at Caen in Normandy.
Tenentes Clerici de Kege, 2. — Under this head ' three priests ' are mentioned who held one
virgate of land in ' Sudmoltone (South Molton), from the king ' in elemosina.' * Sawin,' the priest,
is mentioned as the owner of ' Birige,' which had belonged to his uncle, ' Brisfort,' to whom this
manor had been given by Queen Matilda. Algar, the priest, also held one hide of eleemosynary land
within the royal manor of ' Brantono ' or Braunton.
Terra Hugonis CoxMitis, 4. — Hugh, Earl of Chester.
Terra Comitis Moritoniensis, 82. — Robert, Earl of Mortain in Normandy, and half-brother to the
Conqueror. This powerful nobleman had become possessed of 797 manors and lordships in different
parts of England, including 246 manors and two castles in Cornwall, of which county he was the first
earl. In Devonshire 77 of his estates were held under him by sub-tenants. Seven of these had
belonged to ' Ordulph,' Duke of Devon, and seventeen to * Etmar Atre.'
Terra Baldwin: Vice-comitis, 181. — He was one of the sons of Gilbert, Earl of Brion (who
was murdered in Normandy). He was made by his royal master hereditary sheriff of Devon, and
baron of Okehampton (which was his chief seat). 164 of his manors were held under him by sub-
tenants. (See Exeter.)
Terra Judhel de Totenais, 107.— Judhel of Totnes, so called from his residence at the Castle of
Totnes, was a Norman, and high in his master's favour. He had assigned to him the two important
baronies of Totnes and Barnstaple, and he founded priories at both these places, and proof is in
existence that he at one time contemplated retiring from the world, and embracing a religious life.
He fell into disfavour with William Rufus, by whom he was banished. (See Totnes, &c.)
Terra Willelmi de Moion, 1. — Ancestor of the Mohuns, his chief estates were in Somerset-
shire, but by marriage the family afterwards became intimately connected with this county.
Terra Willelmi Chievre, 44. — William Chievre, sometimes called Capra, owed most of his
)roperty to the favour of the Conqueror ; but it is noteworthy that he had possessed two houses in
Jxeter in the Confessor's time, for which he paid a customary rent of sixteen pence a year.
Terra Willelmi de Faleise, 18. — William de Falesia. Lysons in his digest of the Exeter
)omesday notices * Herberneford', which he supposes to be Wobernford, and appropriates it to the
larl of Mortain. This is manifestly an error. The Exchequer Domesday shows that William du
falesia held ' Erberneforde,' and that Alric the Saxon was its original owner.
Terra Willelmi de Poillei, 21. — He held thirteen manors in demesne, and the remainder were
jcupied by sub- tenants.
Terra Willelmi de Ow, 2. — This important personage did not obtain a large reward for his
services in the land of this county. In the Exeter Domesday his holdings are mentioned as those of
a ' free knight.' He was a son of Robert, Earl of Ewe, in Normandy.
Terra Walterii de Dowai, 28. — Walter de Doway was Baron of Bampton, where he
resided.
Terra Walterii de Clavile, 31. — Walter Claville was the ancestor of a family so called, and
his male descendants continued to possess lands in Dorsetshire until the latter portion of the eighteenth
century. The last heir male died in 1774.
Terra Goscelmi, 28. — * Goscelm ' is mentioned in Lysons' account of Exeter Domesday as the
owner of twenty-seven manors ; and ' Goscelm de Exeter' of one. The Exchequer record proves clearly,
however, that there was but one person of this name, and in the last paragraph he is called ' Goscelm
de Excestre,' and under this description he held in capite the manor of ' Herstanhaia.' In the twenty-
seven previous paragraphs relating to him he is simply styled ' Goscelm.'
Terra Ricardi filii Gilberti Comitis, 1. — Richard, son of Gilbert, Earl of Brion, and brother
to Baldwin the Sheriff.
Terra Rogerii de Busli, 1. — Roger de Busli was a Norman baron, whose chief estates were in
the north ; his principal residence was at Tickhill, in Yorkshire.
Terra Roberti de Albemarle, 17. — Robert Albemarle was the ancestor of the Damarells, who
gave name to Milton Damarell, and Stoke Damarell. This name still occurs in Devonshire, but not
amongst the county families.
Terra Roberti Bastardi, 9. — Robert le Bastard, as he was usually styled, became the ancestor
of a Devonshire family, which still flourishes, and its present representative is Mr. B. J. P. Bastard,
of Kitley, and Buckland Court, who is a deputy-lieutenant for the county. Mr. William Bastard, of
Kitley, was created a baronet in 1779, and the patent passed the Privy Seal, and was gazetted before
notice of this well-deserved recognition of his public services was notified to him ; but, although he
thought fit to decline the honour, his name has been mentioned in the list of Devonshire Baronets
given in ' Magna Britannia,' vol. I. p. cxxi. Sir W. Pole reckons Bastard among the old families
whose original estates had been sold. For many generations they resided at Efford, in the parish of
Egg-Buckland, a manor mentioned in Domesday as their property. The immediate ancestor of the
J
4,6 Higitoi'y or OevoiiHliire.
present representative removed from Garston, in the parish of Weat Allington, to Kitley, which latter
place he acquired by marriage with the heiress of Pollexfen.
Terra Eicardi filii Turoldi, 3. — liichard, the son of Turold, had three manors and a house
in Exeter.
Terra Kadulfi de Limesi, 4. — Ralph de Limesi was a nephew of the Conqueror, being his
sister's son. His lands are described in Exeter Domesday as those of a free knight.
Tejika Hadulfi 1'agenel, 10. — Ralph Paganel was sheriff of Yorkshire. Exeter Domesday
also shows that his lands were those of a free knight. His descendant, William Paganel, married the
granddaughter of Walter de Douay already referred to.
Terra Radulfi de Felgeres, 2. — Ralph of Fulgeres, in Britanny. His residence was at
Ipplepen, and his lands those of a free knight. One of his immediate descendants founded a priory
at Ipplepen, which was made dependent upon the Abbey of Fulgeres.
Terra Radulfi de Pomerei. 54. — Ralph de Pomeroy was Baron of Berry, and the ancestor o^
one of the most distinguished families in this county, who were seated at Berry until the reign
Edward VI.
Terra Rualdi Adored, 30. — Ruald Adobed held, amongst others, the two ancient manors
Chempebere (Chalomer) and Radeclive, Avithin the parish of Buckland in the Moor, which have long
since lost all manorial rights. The latter has from time immemorial been appropriated to the use of
Buckland Church. (See Buckland in the Moor.)
Terra Tetbaldi filii Bernerii, 28. — Tetbald Fitz-Berners, the ancestor of the Fitz-Bemers,
or Fitz-Bernards. One of his manors was that of Holecome, anciently the property of the Saxon
' Ailmer.' (Lysons, in his digest of Exeter Domesday, assigns this property to Ralph de Pomeroy,
which must be an error.) His name, although somewhat corrupted, is still preserved in the name
of the parish. (See Holcombe Burnell.)
Terra Turstini filii Rolf, 1. — Turstin Fitz-Ralph. He may have been the ancestor of the
Fitz-Ralphs who afterwards assumed the name of Shillingford.
Terra Aluredi de Ispania, 3. — In addition to these manors which Alured de Ispania held in
capite, he appears to have been the sub-tenant of eleven under the Earl of Mortain.
Terra Aluredi Britonis, 22. — There was a Devonshire family known by the name of Brit,
Britie or Britiza, and its members may have been his descendants.
Terra Ansgerii, 6. — The first paragraph in Domesday in connection with Ansger proves that
he was Ansger de Montagud, and therefore the ancestor of the baronial house of Montague.
Terra Aiulfi, 2. — Aiulf also held lands in Dorsetshire. In the Exeter Domesday he is called
the King's Chamberlain.
Terra Odonis filii Gamelin, 24. — Odo Fitz-Gamelin. Was he the ancestor of the Gamlyns
of Spalding, county Lincoln ?
Terra Osberni de Salceid, 5.— Osberni de Salcied had a house in Exeter ; he may have
been the father of Osberne, Bishop of Exeter, and of the Earl of Hereford, who was called William
Fitz-Osberne.
Terra Hervei de Helion, 2. — Although the land is entered under this head, the first paragraph
proves that the manors were given to the wife of Hervei de Hellion ' Uxor Hervei de Helion tenet de
rege, &c.'
Terra Giroldi Capellani, 3. — Amongst the manors belonging to Girold the Chaplain was one
written ' Nistenestoch,' which was probably that now corrupted into Nethercott within the parish of
Braunton. This manor was held under him by certain canons. Lysons mentions the existence of
the ruins of five ancient chapels at Braunton.
Terra Girardi, 2. — The manors held by Girard had both belonged to ^ Alestan ' in the Con-
fessor's reign.
Terra Godeboldi, 14. — Godbold is called * Balistarius ' in Exeter Domesday. It is possible
that he may have been so styled from holding his lands by the render of a cross-bow.
Terra Nicolai Balistarii, 11. — Nicholas is called * Archibalistarius ' in Exeter Domesday (hence
the name Alabaster) ; he may have been Chief Bow-bearer.
Terra Fulcherii, 5. — Exeter Domesday describes Fulk also as ' Balistarius.'
Terra Haimerici, 5. — Haimer is called in Exeter Domesday 'Hairaer de Arcis' (Haimer of
the Castle). There was a very ancient family in Devonshire, who called themselves de Arches, and
may have been descended from him ; the heiress married Dinham.
Terr^-: Servientium Regis, 16. — The king's servants were five in number, exclusive of the
priests of Bomine, who were probably the secular priests of Bodmin (see Leland). The land appro-
priated to them was distributed as follows: — William Portitor, or the door-keeper (hence the
patronymic * porter '), 1 manor; William Hostiarius, or the usher, 10; Fulk, Ansger, and Morin,
had 1 each, and the priests of Bodmin, 2. (See White's * Leicester and Rutland,' p. 32.)
Teiuia Tainorum Regis, 47.— The higher thanes were of nearly the same degree as barons, and
His^toi*y of I>evoiisliire. 47
are called in Exeter Domesday English Thanes. They were seventeen in number, and they held from
1 to 3 manors each, with the exception o£ 'Colvin and Godwin,' who possessed 8 and 11
respectively. To this list is added the names of three Saxon ladies : Alveva, mother o£ Earl Morcar,
who had 1 manor ; Alfliilla, who held another ; and Godeva, widow of Brictric, Lord of Gloucester,
who retained 2 in dower.
Darlington was given by the Conqueror to Martin de Turon, and descended to his heirs, who
were afterwards called Marty n.
Plympton Barony was given to Richard Redvers by King Henry I., who also created him first
Earl of Devon. Eighty-nine fees were included in this honour.
Hartland became the Barony of De Dynant of Brittany. Oliver de Dynant held it in King
Henry XL's reign. The Dynants were ancestors of the Dynhams.
Harberton, with 32^ fees, was probably given to William de Falesia in the twelfth century. It
belonged to the Valletorts, whose ancestor was a sub-tenant at the period of the survey.
Hardwick was the chief seat of the Barony of Tavistock, and was held by the abbot of the
monastery seated there by Ordulph, son of Ordgar, Duke of Devon, in 961. It contained 16|- fees.
In addition to these Devonshire Baronies, many others in different parts of the county had lands
held of them here, namely : — The honours of Gloucester, Tremeton, Launceston, Marshwood, Dunster,
Odicomb, Doendon, Montacute, Worle, Stokecursy, and the Duchy of Lancaster, which pertains to
the Crown. To this last were attached the thirty fees in Devonshire which had belonged to the
baronial family of Brewer, by King Henry II., first Duke of Lancaster. There were nearly 100
fees held in this county of the Honour of Gloucester, and Winkleigh was the chief seat of the barony.
There does not exist any document to prove that any estates in the county remain in possession of
descendants of the persons who held them at Domesday Survey ; but it is not improbable that some
of the ancient families, who, according to the custom of that period, took their names from the places
of their residence, in the reign of King John, or that of Henry HI., may have inherited their estates
in direct descent from the Ralphs, Rogers, Walters, Williams, &c., who were sub-tenants in the reign
of William the Conqueror, under Baldwin the Sheriff, and other great loi-ds paramount. In order to
secure their newly acquired possessions, the Norman barons and chiefs built on their respective
estates * strong and magnificent castles, which might at once secure themselves, and keep tlie
conquered English in awe.' The largest of these castles were in the great baronies named above.
Of some of these, as well as of several smaller fortresses in various parts of the county, there are still
interesting remains.
Lidford Castle, which was formerly the prison of the Stannaries, is about 48 feet square, and
has an outwork to the north, which projects to the edge of a precipice. The ruins of Berry Pomeroy
are exceedingly picturesque, and will amply repay a visit. There were also ancient castles at Dart-
mouth, Afton, Compton, Gidleigh, and Winkleigh. Powderham Castle is still the principal residence
of the Earl of Devon. There are also ancient houses at Uffculme, Buckland Abbey House (a portion
of the ancient Abbey Church), Bradley, Newton-Bushell, Collacombe in Lamerton parish, Colyton
Vicarage (1529), Dartlington Hall (the seat of the Champernownes), Exeter Palace, Ford House,
Great Fulford, Sydenham (the seat of the Tremaynes), and several others of less importance ; and
amongst the latter may be mentioned Bremridge in Sandford, the residence of the Bremridges in the
reign of King John, and which iiltimately descended with their heiress to the family of its present
owner, the Rev. Bremridge Melhuish.
Dukes of Devon and Cornwall. — Asclepiedatus, a.d. 232 ; Salomon, a.d. 360 ; Conon-Merido,
A.D. 382 ; Dionethus, a.d. 383 ; Gorolus, a.d. 492 ; Cador, a.d. 542 ; Blederick, a.d. 592.
Dukes of Devon. — Vortiger, Alpsius (brother of Eadulf, first Bishop of Crediton), Ordgar.
Earls of Devon. — Richard de Redvers, or Rivers, who obtained the great barony of Okehampton
from William II., was created Earl of Devon by Henry I., and the title was held by his descendants
till the death of Baldwin, the eighth earl, in 1262, when his sister and heiress, Isabel de Redvers,
succeeded as Countess of Devon. She married Wm. de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle, and left only a
daughter, who died without issue, in 1273. Hugh Courtenay, the sixth Baron and first Viscount
Courtenay, of Powderham Castle, being descended from the sister of Baldwin de Redvers, was created
Earl of Devon in 1335, and died in 1340. Thomas, the sixth earl of the Courtenay family, was
attainted and beheaded in 1461, when all his honours were forfeited. Humphrey Stafford, Baron
Stafford of Suthwicke, was created Earl of Devon, in May 1169, but was beheaded in the August
following, when the title again became extinct ; but it was restored to the Courtenays in 1485, when
Edward Courtenay, grandson of Hugh, the third earl, was created Earl of Devon. He died in 1509,
and was succeeded by his grandson, Henry, who was created Marquis of Exeter in 1525, but being
attainted and beheaded in 1530, all his honours became forfeited. His son, Edward, restored in
blood and honours, after a long imprisonment in the Tower, was created Earl of Devon in 1553 ; but
dying without issue, in 1556, the title again became, as was supposed, extinct. In 1603, Charles Blount,
eighth Baron Mountjoy, was created Earl of Devon ; but, dying without lawful issue, the earldom for
4'8 tllstoi'y of" I>evoiasliirfc.
the sixth time became e;xtinct. It was not revived till 1831, when William Courtenay, Viscount
Courtenay, established his claim to the earldom, by the decision of the House of Lords, as male heir
of Edward, who was created Earl of Devon in 155i3. lie succeeded as Viscount Courtenay in 1788
and died in 1835, when he was succeeded by his cousin, Wm. Courtenay, who Avas born in 1777,
and was eldest son of the late Eight Kev. Henry Keginald Courtenay, D.D., who was Bishop of
Exeter in the early part of the present century. He died on March 19, 1859, and was succeeded
by his son, Wm. Reginald Courtenay, eleventh earl (born 1807). lie resides at Powderham Castle,
the ancient seat of that branch of the family from which he is descended. His only surviving son,
Edward Baldwin Lord Courtenay, is his heir. (See Powderham.)
The family of Courtenay took their name from the town of Courtenay, in France, and are de-
scended from Atho, a French knight, who flourished in the reign of Eobert ' the Wise,' son of Hugh
Capel, A.D. 996. Eeginald, the immediate ancestor of the English branch, came to England with the
queen of Henry H., about 1151, and married the heiress of Robert de Abrincis, hereditary sheriiF of
Devon, Baron of Okehampton, and governor of Exeter Castle. His eldest son Robert succeeded
to those honours, and married a daughter (and eventually heiress) of Wm. de Redvers, Earl of
Devon. His father is supposed to have been a widower at the time of his emigration, and to have
been identical with Reginald de Courtenay, grandson of Atho, who married his only daughter, Eliza-
beth, in the year 1150, to Peter, seventh son of Louis VI., surnamed the Fat, and imposed the name
and arms of Courtenay on a younger son of the Royal House of France. He is also believed to have
resigned his French estates to his daughter upon her marriage, and to have sought a new home and
fresh lands in this country. The French and Venetians, having conquered Constantinople in 1204,
agreed to the election as Emperor of Baldwin, Count of Flanders, who was afterwards succeeded by
his brother Henry in 1206. Upon the death of Henry his property descended to his sister, the
Princess Yolande, who had married Peter Courtenay, son and heir of Prince Peter of France and
Elizabeth Courtenay, his wife ; and Peter Courtenay (as husband to the Princess) succeeded to the
throne of Constantinople in 1216. He was followed by his son Robert three years later, and the
latter was in his turn succeeded by his youngest brother, under the title of Baldwin II. in 1228.
Thus three members of the house of Courtenay have worn the imperial purple. Reginald, ancestor
of these emperors, was Baron Courtenay, by tenure, in the reign of Richard I., and one of his
descendants was created Viscount Courtenay in 1762. Though they have suffered many reverses of
fortune, the Courtenays have for many ages been a numerous, wealthy, and highly distinguished
family in Devon. William Courtenay, a distinguished prelate of the 14th century, was Archbishop
of Canterbury from 1381 till his death, in 1396. Richard Courtenay was Bishop of Norwich
from 1413 till 1415, and like his uncle, the archbishop, was a violent opponent of Wicklilfe's
followers. Peter Courtenay became Bishop of Winchester in 1478, and died in 1492. He and
the principal members of his family were zealous partisans of the Lancastrians, and are said to
have been present with the Earl of Richmond, at the Battle of Bosworth Field. The title of Duke
of Devonshire has been held by the Cavendish family since 1694, and that of Earl of Devonshire
since 1618, though the}^ have no other connection with the county. His Grace the present Duke of
Devonshire resides at Chatsworth House, the splendid ' Palace of the Peak,' in Derbyshire.
The Nobility resident in or connected with Devonshire are, the Earl of Devon, as already
noticed ; the Duke of Somerset, owner of Berry Pomeroy Castle, now Lord-Lieutenant of the County,
who resides at Stover ; the Duke of Bedford, who has large estates in the county, and an occasional
seat at Endsleigh, near Tavistock ; the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, of Mount Edgcumbe, near Ply-
mouth ; the Earl of Macclesfield, who has estates at Buckfastleigh, &c. ; Earl Fortescue, of Castle
Hill, near South Molton ; the Earl of Morley, of Saltram, near Plymouth ; the Right Hon. and Rev.
the Earl of Buckinghamshire, who resides at Sidmouth ; Viscount Sidmouth, of Upottery Manor
House ; Viscount Exinouth, of Canon-Teign House ; Baron Clinton, who resides at Heanton Satch-
ville, Huish ; Baron Clifford, of Ugbrook Park (see Chudleigh) ; Baron Poltimore, of Poltimore and
North Molton; Baron Blachford, of Blachford, in the parish of Cornwood; Baron Coleridge, of
Heaths Court, Ottery St. Mary ; Baron Churston, of Churston ; Baron Ashburton, who takes his
title from the town of Ashburton ; Baron Teignmouth, an Irish peer, whose title was taken from
Teignmouth, in Devon, in 1797 ; Lord Kinsale, of Ringrone, near Salcombe ; and Viscount Torring-
ton, who takes his title from Torrington, in Devon, as the Marquis of Exeter does from the capital
of the county. The late Lord Rolle, of Bicton House, died in 1842, without issue, and this title,
like many others which formerly existed in the county, is now extinct.
The 23 Baronets of Devonshire are, Prideaux, of Netherton Hall ; Wrey, of Tawstock House ;
Pole, of Shute ; Northcote, of Pynes ; Chichester, of Youlston ; Davie, of Creedy Park ; Acland, of
Killerton House ; Carew, of Haccomb ; Duntze, of Exleigh, Starcross, and formerly of Rockbeare ;
Baker, of Loventor, in the parish of Berry Pomeroy ; Palk, of Haldon House ; Kennaway, of Escot
House ; Milman, of Woodland ; Lopes, of Maristow House ; Duckworth, of Weir House, Topsham ;
Drake, of Nutwell Court ; Newman, of Mamhead ; Chichester, of Arhngton ; Elton, of Widworthy
History of" iOevonsliire. 49
Court ; Seale, of Mount Boone ; Farrington, of Gosford, Ottery St. Mary ; Peek, of Roosdown ; and
St. Aubyn, of Stoke Damarell. These and the extinct baronetcies of the county are noticed in the
parishes where their present or former seats are situated.
Dartmoor Forest, the wildest and bleakest part of Devon, is an extensive and elevated tract of
heath, morass, rocky tors and crags, and lofty moorland hills and dells, — stretching about 30 miles
in length from north to south, and 14 from east to west. The towns of Okehampton, Tavistock, and
Moreton-Hampstead are near its borders, and it extends southwards to within a few miles of
Plymouth. It comprises about 200,000 acres, of which 53,000 acres, in the central and most
dreary part, are in Lidford pariah. It belongs mostly to the Prince of Wales, as part of the Duchy
of Cornwall, but the outskirts and part of the hills are appendant to the surrounding manors, many
of which have likewise the prescriptive right of common on the Forest, on paying an inconsiderable
sum annually to the Duchy, under the name of Venville (fen field) money. The Duchy, however,
possesses the right of stocking the forest by agistment, and for this purpose much of it is leased in
districts to various persons, who pasture the stock of the neighbouring parishes at low rates. The
land of Dartmoor itself can never be materially changed for cultivation, can never ascend the sides
of the tors, or penetrate the deep black peat soil of many of the heaths and valleys. During the
last fifty years, however, many thousand acres of its outskirts, belonging to adjacent parishes, have
been enclosed and cultivated, and other extensive tracts have been planted ; but the central part,
comprising more than 60,000 acres, is still nearly in a state of nature, and many of its eminences rise
to the altitude of from 1500 to 1800 feet. On approaching this mountainous tract, the eye is
bewildered by an extensive waste, exhibiting gigantic tors, large surfaces covered with vast masses of
[scattered granite, and immense rocks, which seem to have been precipitated from the steep declivities
into the valleys. These huge and craggy fragments are spread confusedly over the ground, and have
been compared to the ponderous masses ejected by volcanoes ; to the enormous ruins of formidable
castles ; and to the wrecks of mountains torn piecemeal by the raging elements. Until the last ten
years few places have been really less known, and few are more deserving of attention, than Dart-
moor ; and though a large portion of the high road which crosses it presents an unvaried scene of
solitariness and desolation, yet to those who pursue their investigations beyond the ordinary beaten
track, much has been, and will be found to delight the artist, the poet, and the antiquary. The
peculiar characteristics of Dartmoor are derived from the granite tors, which are found piled mass
upon mass, mostly upon the summits of its numerous heights, and the wild impetuosity of its
numerous streams, which dash through narrow channels, between craggy hills and cliffs, and
give rise to many of the larger and smaller rivers of the county. The numerous remains of
rude stone altars, circles, obelisks, logans, cromlechs, and kistvaens scattered over the moor, and
the names still attached to many of the tors, such as Bel- tor, Mis- tor, Ham-tor, &c., appear to
show that it was one of the most favoured haunts of the Druids. From its lofty elevation, it is
peculiarly the region of mists, storms, and tempests. The peaks of its mighty tors stand up many
hundred feet above its lofty hills, and, intercepting the moisture of the clouds, cause great quantities
of rain to fall in and around the moor. The mist comes on at times so sudden and dense, that
those who are overtaken in it, out of the beaten track, are sometimes lost, and even the moor men
have great difficulty in regaining their habitations. But the climate is considered healthy, and it is
said that persons iDorn and bred here seldom or never die of pulmonary consumption. There are
now but few trees on Dartmoor, except the lonely Wood of Wistman, but immense trunks of oak
and other trees have often been dug up in the peaty bogs and marshes in many of the romantic
dells, as Avell as on some of the higher table lands. The peat is got extensively for fuel, and the
heaths and commons afford good pasturage for sheep and cattle during summer. The delicacy
and flavour imparted to the fiesh of the sheep by the sweet herbage of the moor is so highly
prized, that Dartmoor mutton is sent to London and other distant markets.
The hut circles on Dartmoor are sometimes gathered into villages ; sometimes enclosed within a
[Bmrounding wall, and then called pounds, and frequently accompanied by numerous lines of stones,
forming small enclosures and divisions of land. The stone rows, or avenues, are of considerable extent,
and in great numbers ; and single, upright shafts of granite, the * maenhirion,' of Brittany, are.
invariably of greater size and height on Dartmoor than any stones in the circles or avenues. It is to
be remarked that although there are many hill fortresses on the immediate border, none exist on the
moor itself.
I Wistman, or Wiseman's Wood, is about a mile north of Two Bridges, on a lofty and steep
lacclivity rising from the western bank of the river Dart, opposite Bairdown. It is supposed to
;liave been one of the sacred groves of the Druids. The ascent to it is strewn all over with
immense masses of granite, partly covered by a grove of dwarf oaks, so stunted in their growth by
sweeping winds, that few are more than ten or twelve feet high, though their branches spread far
and wide, and are twisted in the most fantastic manner, and in some places festooned with ivy and
other creeping plants. Their trunks and arms are embedded in a thick covering of velvet moss, and
D
50 Hijstoi-y of I>evoiisliire.
the view down the valley from some of the bare rocks is truly sublime. Crockerntor, celebrated as
the place where the ancient Stannary parliaments were held, is about a mile from Two Bridges. On
the summit of this tor, the chief miners of Devon were formerly obliged to meet, and hold the
Stannary Court, as noticed at page 39. On the road from Moreton-Hampstead to Plymouth, Post
Bridge crosses the East Dart, and adjoining it stands a venerable relic of aboriginal times, a granite
bridge of primitive Cyclopean architecture, which must have withstood, as liowe says, ' the fury of
the vehement Dart in his most turbulent moods for twenty or thirty centuries.' The piers, three in
number, consist of six layers of granite slabs above the foundation ; the imposts are in general about
15 feet long and 6 wide. The bridge can still be used, though one of the superincumbent stones,
either by accident, or design, has become displaced, and now lies in the bed of the river. Another
of these bridges of similar character also exists about a mile farther down the river, at ' Believer,'
but, in the latter instance, both the central imposts have been removed, and the bridge is there-
fore impracticable. On entering the moor from Newton Abbot, is Haytor, and the once extensive
granite works noticed with Ilsington. In ancient times it was called Solar-tor, being dedicated
by the Druids to the worship of the sun. On the top of the loftiest peak is one of the rock
basins found in many of the granite-crowned tors of Dartmoor. Looking hence into the wild
solitude of the forest, are seen dark masses of granite piled on either side ; huge blocks of the
same, scattered on the brows of the hills ; and in the distance are seen tor upon tor, each capped with
irregular masses of granite, assuming the most grotesque forms. But turning his back to the moor,
the spectator sees a panorama of one of the loveliest and most fertile parts of Devon ; — the Teign
flowing at his feet through a beautiful valley, the Exe opening out its wide estuary towards the ocean ;
and, in the extreme distance, the waters of the channel, with the noble outline of shore from Berry
Head to the coast of Dorsetshire. The secluded and romantic vale of Lustleigh, the Cleave, Becky
Falls, Hountor, &c., are noticed with Lustleigh and Manaton, and the cromlechs, rocking-stone, and
the other Druidical remains, near Drewsteignton, with that place. Until comparatively recent
times some of the streams in the heart of the forest were crossed by ancient British bridges, of
the most primitive construction, each consisting of several piers, composed of massive pieces of
granite rock, placed one above another, and each pier connected with the neighbouring one by an
enormous slab of moorstone ; thus forming a solid footway, which bore for ages the rush of winter
torrents, and the wear of time. On the road to Tavistock, the neighbourhood of Merrivale
Bridge affords a rich field for the exploration of the antiquary, being literally strewed with Celtic
remains, cromlechs, track-ways, circles, and other vestiges of Druidism. Vixen Tor is a most
picturesque object, and the tall granite crags which crown its lofty summit resemble a castellated
tower, frowning over the valleys beneath. Dartmoor was fixed on as the subject of the first prize
poem by the Royal Literary Society, established in 1821 ; and the prize was adjudged to Mrs. Hemans.
It is supposed to have been a royal forest, attached to the manor of Lidford, in the time of William
the Conqueror. In 1238, the castle of Lidford and Dartmoor Chase, or Forest, were granted by
Henry III. to his brother Richard, Earl of Cornwall, and they were afterwards permanently united
to the Duchy of Cornwall. The Dartmoor Military Manoeuvres were held here in the autumn of
1873. A company has recently been formed to work the peat beds, and to convert the peat into
fuel. (See Bridestowe.)
Dartmoor Convict Establishment is noticed with Princetown.
ASPECT, SOIL, AND AGRICULTURE.
I
The surface of Devonshire is mostly of a very unequal and undulating character, the land
opening up into a succession of small valleys, clothed Avith verdure, and within the sheltered recesses
of which ample opportunities are afforded for careful and successful farming. Yet the rich luxuriance
of the soil, and the soft and pleasing varieties of the general scenery, are not always maintained, nor, even
in Devonshire, is the climate everywhere mild. In many places the land is of a less kindly nature,
especially as we leave the green valleys and approach the great moorland wastes of Dartmoor, &c.,
which rise in lofty elevations, and are swept by cold and cheerless winds. Owing to the great variety
of climate and soil, a system of farming has arisen in the county which combines nearly every branch
of practical agriculture. Dairy and tillage farming form the principal feature of this system, but the
cultivation of orchards, the irrigation of meadows, and the breeding and feeding of stock, are also
extensively pursued. These do not form separate occupations, but are generally combined in each
farm, and carried out as the convenience of the farmer and the resources of the land suggest. Perhaps
a mixed system of agriculture like this may appear little calculated to attain that degree of successful
development which is generally supposed to follow the concentration of industry within those
boundaries which the division of labour suggests, but such does not appear to be the practical result.
The soils of Devon are extremely various, and may generally be characterised according to the
rock, or stratified substances which they cover, as granitic, slatey, calcareous, arenaceous, argillaceous,
History o±" Devonsliire. ^1
gravelly, and loamy. The poorest is the soil covering the granite of Dartmoor, which has also the
disadvantage of a cold, wet climate. That which lies on the slate district is more or less fertile, and
fit for all purposes of agriculture. The most uniformly fertile soils are in the red sandstone district ;
but the richest are those occurring in contiguity with limestone or greenstone rocks, in many parts of
the slate district, especially in that beautiful southern district, commonly called the South Hams and
sometimes the ' Garden of Devon,' and having for its natural boundaries Dartmoor and the heights of
Chudleigh on the north, the river Plym on the .west, Torbay and Start Bay on the east, and
Bigbury Bay and other parts of the coast of the English Channel on the south. The red colour
which characterises the best soils, both in the South Hams and the eastern division of the county,
and which seems to be closely connected with the principle of fertility, proceeds from an abundant
mixture of iron, in a highly oxidated state. The soil of that part of the South Hams which is
bounded by the Erme and Dart rivers is generally a rich friable loam, of a hazel-nut brown colour,
mostly on a substratum of slate ; but that east of the Dart as far as Torbay is richer and redder, and
generally on a substratum of marble rock. There are extensive tracts of rich meadow and arable
lands in the valleys of the Exe, Taw, Teign, Otter, and other rivers. The Vale of the Exe, com-
monly called the Vale of Exeter, has in its northern parts an irregular billowy surface, presenting
eminences of considerable magnitude ; but its central and more southern parts preserve the vale
character. Its northern boundaries are the hills that range from Clanaborough, by Halberton and
UlFculme, to Blackdown, a dreary mountainous ridge, which, with its contiguous branches, skirts the
eastern side of the vale. On the south-east it is bounded by the heights of Sidmouth, East Down,
and Woodbury ; and on the west by the mountainous ridge of Haldon, and the undulating eminences
that stretch towards Nymet or Bow Tracey. This vale is one of the most fertile parts of the county,
and its most prevalent soils are strong red loam, shillet, or foliated clay, intersected with veins of
ironstone, and a mixture of sand and gravel. North of Hatherleigh and Holsworthy, and eastward to
Chulmleigh, Bradninch, &c., the soil is chiefly clay ; but north of this is a gravelly district adjoining
both sides of Dartmoor. Towards Hartland Point, there is much clay and moorland ; a vein of black
soil runs through Filleigh and Swimbridge ; and a narrow vein of red soil from North Molton to
Challacombe. The rich red soil of the South Hams, which is of great depth, is sometimes worked as
marl pits, and used most beneficially as manure for the poorer lands. The chief manures are lime
and sea sand. Limestone is got in various parts of the county, and extensively burnt in kilns on the
banks of the navigable canals and rivers. Of late years artificial manures have been much employed,
and there is an increasing demand for them.
Devon cattle, cream and cider are all equally famous, and of late years the practice of agriculture
in all its branches has made great progress in the county, with considerable assistance from the great
landowners, who in very many instances have permanently improved their estates ; and the rents of the
land have of course proportionally increased, though many of the farmers complain that their crops
are robbed by the great abundance of large trees growing in the hedgerows, and the question of the
preservation of game and rabbits causes many dissensions between them and their landlords. The
farmers of Devon are divided into two classes, one consisting of men with small holdings, and the other
of men holding large farms, and who being educated as well as practical agriculturists have gradually
introduced improved methods of developing the resources of the soil. Draining with tiles has been of
late years extensively effected on the clays and other tenacious soils with great advantage to the crops,
in some cases by the aid of borrowed money, the occupier paying interest at the rate of 7 per cent., 2 per
cent, being carried to the capital account, which is repayable during 30 years. The levelling of the
hedgerows, has of late years made great progress ; an increased breadth of meadow irrigation has been
secured. The value of artificial manures is now generally recognised and they are most extensively
employed, and the breeding of Devon cattle — one of the most graceful and shapely kind of the species
in this island — has been brought to a high state of perfection, and the further development of the ' South
Hams.' — also a provincial breed — by judicious crossing with short-horns, has been successively
carried on. A large quantity of land is now laid out for the growth of grasses, and in the north of
evon and on the outskirts of the moor there are now many hundred acres of green crop raised
' ere there were under a hundred 35 years ago.
Formerly leases for life were very common here, having been granted generally by necessitous
landlords for nominal rents, and the value of the land at about 18 years' purchase. Of late, leases
for lives have been discountenanced, and in their stead have been generally substituted leases for
years. For large farms, these are usually from seven to ten years in duration; and for smaJl farms,
six years, with a break at the end of three years, which, if not taken advantage of, extends the term
three years more. Long terms and liberal leases still form quite the exception, but in a few instances
terms of 21 years are granted with tenant right and compensation for unexhausted improvements, and
freedom in the growth and sale of crops is permitted consistent with the spirit of the age. The im-
provements in agriculture throughout the county are contemporaneous wdth the change from the old
relations between landlord and tenant to the new ; and, though the terms of the leasee for years are
d2
car
W
52 Klistoi*y ol' 13evoiiHliire.'
generally complained of as much too short, they are infinitely preferable to the tenancies from year to
year, which are so prevalent in other parts of England. The rent of land in Devon appears high,
compared with that of many other counties, but perhaps the increase is due to the greater productive-
ness of the soil, and to small farms and great competition as well as to the mildness and salubrity of the
climate. Over so large a tract of country, with such varieties of soil, situation and other influences,
farms let at very different rents ; but Ave find that within a circle of three miles round Exeter, where
there is a fine deep soil, well adapted for the growth of corn and green crops, rents range from 505. to
£5 per acre ; and the local burdens, or ' out-goings,' as they are called, amount to about one-third more.
The poor rates vary exceedingly in some of the parishes, and tithes form a subject of much com-
plaint among farmers, on the ground that tlie averages which regulate them are taken from the prices
of seven years, instead of a more limited period.
The Devonshire tenant is at once a dairy farmer, a breeder or feeder of horses, cattle, sheep,
pigs, and poultry, and a grower of corn and apples ; and this variety of occupation, arising naturally
from the character of the climate and. soil of the county, has given him a tone of intelligence and
activity which is looked for in vain in other parts of the kingdom, where a monotonous routine narrows
tlie intellect of the dairyman. Farms here are generally of moderate size ; for although some farmers
hold 700 or 800 acres in several separate farms, the great majority run from 50 or 60 to 200 or 250
acres. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently erected substantial stone buildings on an uni-
form plan upon the different estates belonging to the Dean and Chapter ; but farm-buildings are often
found collected in a village, the housing of four adjoining farms being sometimes inconveniently
placed at their point of junction. The buildings are of every variety of character, from the antique
and dilapidated, to the more modern and convenient. On badly-managed estates, the farmer is
sometimes bound to uphold in repair the most ricketty old mud and wooden thatched houses, at a
cost to himself of 10 per cent, on the rental of a small farm. The better class of farm-buildings are
generally in the form of a square, close all round, and entered on the south side through a large arched
door, under the granary. Immediately opposite is the barn, cider cellar, &c., which usually occupy
one side of the square, having the corn-rick yard behind. Two sides are for the accommodation of
cattle, the back walls being built close up to the eaves; but the front is in two stories, supported on
strong posts, and open from the ground to the eaves ; the loAver story occupied by cattle, the upper
kept as a store for their provender. Covered sheds for better making and protecting the manure
from the weather are also generally adopted on all new farm-buildings. The cows are usually kept
in loose boxes ; the fattening cattle generally tied by the neck. The fourth side of the scjuare em-
braces the farm stable and waggon shed. The houses are generally conveniently situated outside the
square ; and many of them on the estates of the Duke of Bedford, and other wealthy and liberal land-
owners, have lately been rebuilt, or enlarged and improved. Steam and Avater poAver machinery are
rapidly being brought into requisition, greatly economising labour and facilitating the general Avork
of the farm. The improvement in agricultural implements has been remarkable during the paf't ten
years. The larger farm-houses, many of which are fine old mansions, formerly occupied by the lords
of the manors, are provincially called Bartons. The soil is of various character ; good turnip and barley
land, of deep friable texture, are met Avith in continuous succession, and from these the cultivator
reaps the best returns. The system of husbandry folloAved is the alternate one, varied by alloAving
the land to rest one or more years m grass, as may be thought best by the farmer. There is nothing
particular in the management of the arable land of this large county, but it is generally Avell and
deeply tilled, not very heavily manured, but managed, on the Avhole, where the tenants have sutficient
capital, with much skill and sagacity. TAVo-horse ploughs are universal, and light carts and Avaggons.
TAVo-furroAv ploughs, draAvn by tAvo or three horses, have of late years also come into general use — the
undulated surface of the land not being generally favourable to the adoption of the steam plough.
Sixteen to twenty-four bushels of Avheat per acre may be reckoned an average produce for South
Devon, and thirty-two bushels of barley. Stubble turnips are occasionally taken ; but the general
practice is, a bare Avinter falloAV in preparation for a root crop. In many districts of South Devon
the soil and climate are admirably adapted for crops of early potatoes, to be folloAved by turnips ; or
for producing crops of rye, Avinter vetches, &c., for spring feed. The dairy management in Devon-
shire is justly celebrated, the perfect cleanliness and freshness of the dairies forming a marked con-
trast Avith those of many other counties.
Fresh butter, clouted cream, cheese, and junkets are the products of the dairies, and great
([uantities of these delicious luxuries are sent to all the towns and bathing places of the county, and
to London and other distant markets. The value of Avatered meadoAvs is highly appreciated by the
Devonshire farmers, advantage being taken of CA'ery little stream to increase the produce of the land.
The Avarmth of the numerous valleys is highly favourable to rapid groAvth, and their declivities afford
a cheap and convenient means of laying on the water. The expense of cutting the gutters is about
£2 per acre, and the annual cost of keeping open the Avatercourses and laying on the w^ater is about
5s. i er acre. The incrcaseLl produce is fully 100 per cent. ; but this depends chif^fly on the quality of
History oF I>evoiiHliii»eJ 53
the water applied, which is found to vary extremely. The cider orchard is another source of income
to the Devonshire farmer, the value of which has decreased nearly a half within the last twenty years.
An orchard produces 10 to 15 hogsheads an acre, the selling price of which at present is 255. to 30-?.
a hogshead, and the cost of preparing it 55. to 85. As much as 150 hogsheads are produced on some
farms, half of which is consumed by the farm labourers. Lysons, in the ' Magna Britannia,' remarks :
' I find no mention when Devonshire first became noted as a cider country. Orchards are not
mentioned in Domesday, and I have not met with any incidental mention of them in records of the
two or three centuries succeeding to throw any light on the subject.' It is now generally considered
that orchards and the manufacture of cider were first introduced into Devonshire by the monks,
probably during the thirteenth century, and it appears to have been clearly proved that cider was the
ordinary drink of the labourers on the manor of Axmouth as early as the year 1286, and that the
orchards were first planted there by one of the abbots of ' Montburg,' in Normandy, to M^hom the
property then belonged. The parish of Buckland Monachorum was early celebrated for this drink,
and the orchards there doubtless originated with the Cistercians, who colonised Buckland Abbey from
Quarr, in the Isle of Wight (one of the first houses of this order founded in England), in the year
1278. The wages of labourers vary from 125. to I85. per week, with three pints or two quarts of
cider daily, the men bringing in every morning their wooden bottle to receive their day's allowance.
Task work is now much encouraged, and affords better wages to the industrious. The cottages of
the labourers are many of them constructed of red earth, mixed with straw, commonly called cohh,
and covered with reeds or straw thatch. When rough cast and kept dry, this kind of dwelling is
very durable, the walls being generally from fourteen inches to two feet in thickness. The chief corn
markets in the county are Exeter, Tavistock, Totnes, Kingsbridge, Plymouth, and 'Barnstaple. The
Devonshire Agricultural Society was instituted in 1791, for the improvement of the soils and the
vegetable and animal produce of the county ; and there are now in various parts of the county about
twenty other agricultural societies, and nearly as many farmers' clubs, having for their objects,
improvements in the cultivation of the soil and the breeding of stock, and the encouragement of skill,
industry, and economy among the labouring poor. In some parts of the county considerable attention
is paid to the breeding of sheep. Great improvements have taken place by the infusion of new blood
and better feeding — the owners frequently taking their flocks long distances to feed off roots and
grass, often obtained at great cost. The uses of oilcake, and corn, and artificial feeding are not
unknown to Devonshire farmers. The established breed, reared chiefly on Dartmoor and Exmoor, is
the middle wooled class, bearing a strong resemblanee to the Dorsets. But the extensive pasture
lands are most generally appropriated to the purposes of the dairy and the fattening of the North
Devon cattle, a very fine breed, with wide spreading horns, and of an uniformly light brown colour.
This breed, for working and for fattening, is allowed to be one of the most perfect in the kingdom ;
but it is not much esteemed for the dairy. The native breed of horses is very small, and resembles
the Welsh and Highland breeds of cattle ; but all the improved breeds of cattle, sheep, and horses,
from various parts of the country, are to be found here. Among the natural vegetable productions of
this county is the beautiful scarlet lichen of Dartmoor, formerly extensively used as a dye for cloth,
and in the manufacture of orchal.
Agricultural Returns. — According to the Agricultural Returns of the Board of Trade for 1872,
it appears that in the county of Devon there were 808,195 acres under corn crops; 156,709 acres
under green crops; 116 acres under flax and hops; 32,145 acres of bare fallow or uncropped arable
land; 172,771 acres under clover, sanfoin, and grasses under rotation; 400,202 acres permanent
pasture, or grass not broken up in rotation (exclusive of heath or mountain land); 66,191 acres
of woods, coppices, or plantations, excepting gorse land and garden shrubberies ; 25,765 acres of
orchards, &c., arable or grass lands included in other items, but also used for fruit-trees of any kind;
"1 acres market gardens for growth of vegetables, &c., including acreage under separate crops; 467
res nursery gardens for growing trees, shrubs, &c. ; making a total of 1,136,329 acres under all
nds of crops, besides which there are 518,832 acres generally uncultivated. The total number of
live stock, as returned by occupiers of land and by owners of live stock, comprised 46,149 horses
solely used for agriculture, &c., 195,541 cattle, 861,751 sheep, 109,485 pigs. The Returns for 1876
show that on June 25 of that year there were 1,093,748 acres under all kinds of crops, bare fallow,
and grass. The following were the acres under each description of corn crop: — wheat, 112,652;
barley or bere, 77,799; oats, 90,571; rye, 361; beans, 931; peas, 1018; total, 283,332. The acres
under green crops were — potatoes, 15,360; turnips and swedes, 84,866 ; mangold, 28,630 ; carrots,
238 ; cabbage, kohl-rabi and rape, 17,007 ; vetches, lucerne, and any other green crop (except clover
or grass), 6269; total, 152,370. 27 acres were under flax; 2 imder hops; 25,850 were bare fallow
or uncropped arable land. 75,460 acres were under clover, sanfoin grasses under rotation (for hay) ;
and 114,301 (not for hay); total, 189.761. 89,478 acres were under permanent pasture, meadow or
grass, not broken up in rotation (exclusive of heath or mountain land), for hay ; and 352,928 not for
hay ; total, 442,406. There were 51,753 horses, including ponies, returned by occupiers of land, of
rA
History of Uevoiishire.
which 85,551 were used solely for purposes of agriculture, &c., and 1G,202 were unbroken horses of
any age, and mares kept solely for the purpose of breeding. Tliere were 76,610 cows and heifers in
milk or in calf; and 63,115 other cattle of two years of age and upwards; and 77,380 under two
years of age; total, 217,111. 943,542 sheep were returned, of which 600,281 were aged one year
and upwards, and 343,261 under one year ; and there were 90,773 pigs.
The Great Landiioldeks of Devonshire. — The Financial Reformer publishes a list of the
great landowners of the United Kingdom, their acreage, rental, and apparent rates of letting land.
The information is derived from the Blue Books. The compiler summarised the holdings and calcu-
lated the average per acre at which each landholder lets his lands. With respect to our own county
this summary shows the following results : —
Names
Acres
^
Total
Average
Total
Average
b
Rental
per acre
b
Rental
ix!r acre
£
s. d.
£
s. d.
Acland, Sir T. D. .
36,586
3
37,486
20 5f
Fortescue, Earl
30,887
5
28,675
18 6|
Asliburton, Lord .
36,772
5
46,688
25 4^
Lopes, Sir Massey .
11,977
1
9,328
15 6|
Bedford, Duke of .
87,425
9
141,434
32 4A
Mount Edgcumbe,
Carew, Sir Walter .
10,889
1
15,148
27 9|
Earl of .
18,223
2
24,181
26 6i
Carnarvon, Earl of .
25,066
5
32,748
26 1
Palk, Sir L. .
10,109
1
109,275
216 2\
Churston, Lord
10,903
3
11,415
20 II4
Poltimore, Lord
17,049
2
16,134
18 11
Cleveland, Duke of
102,774
9
91,781
17 IO4
Portsmoutli, Earl of
44,453
3
35,032
15 9
Clinton, Lord
28,122
4
26,678
18 11:^
Eolle, Hon. Mark .
47,079
4
71,810
30 6
Devon, Earl of
53,688
2
43,761
16 3i
Somerset, Duke of .
25,207
8
37,580
29 9f
Egremont, Earl of .
11,378
3
18,988
33 Ah
Stucley, Sir G.
18,718
2
12,712
13 U
The abolition of apprenticeship, by which the young labourer had a practical training and
became a skilled workman in husbandry, and the girls in cookery and domestic work, has been the
means of doing away with a system happy in its results. The abandonment of this custom that had
much to recommend it, without a suitable substitute, is much to be deplored. The pernicious eiFects
of this system are the growing up of a race of boys and girls in a state of rebellion to their
employers, ignorant and incapable of conducting the commonest work of the farm and household ;
while all farm products requiring manipulation have become scarce and dear ; some have advanced
three and four hundred per cent, in consequence. Both sexes may be seen idling their time, and
falling into habits of vice and immorality — a burthen on society ; while the work of the farm (not ex-
cepting ' harvest-time ') is with much difficulty carried on, and has been growing gradually worse for
some years.
BOTANY.
The botany of Devonshire is, as might be expected from its physical conformation, both varied
and interesting, and a large number of the rarer British plants are included in its flora, as the sub-
joined list will show. Three species of flowering plants are peculiar to the county — the handsome
blue Lobelia, L. urens^ found upon Kilmington Common, near Axminster, and locally known as ' the
flower of the Axe'; the pretty little Triclionema Columnar, a diminutive, crocus-like plant, found
abundantly in spring, in the sandy soil of Dawlish Warren ; and the sea knot-grass {Polygonum
maritiinum), which was formerly found on the coast of Hampshire, but had been lost to the British
flora for some years until it was discovered by the Eev. W. Moyle Rogers upon Braunton BurrowSj,^
in 1877. 9
The following list is mainly taken from Mr. Watson's invaluable ' Topographical Botany,' ii^l
which work the county of Devon is divided into north and south. ' South and North Devon are
separated by an imaginary line, adapted to the watershed, commencing at the Tamar, about midway
between Tavistock and Launceston ; passing over the ridge of Dartmoor, and joining the western
canal at Tiverton.' Some fewrfi^itions which have been published since the issue of ' Topographi-
cal Botany ' are incorporated in their places ; critical* forms and subspecies are usually omitted, as in
the case of the brambles and roses. Plants which are peculiar to either the northern or southern
division of the county are respectively indicated by the letter N. or S. following the name, and where
a (?) is added it implies some doubt as to the accuracy of the record ; where no such letter appear^
the species has been recorded for both divisions. Plants in square brackets are those which rest upon
doubtful authority for their occurrence in the county ; the italicised species are certainly introductions.
The literature of Devonshire botany is very considerable ; many of the isolated papers bearing
on the subject are enumerated in the ' Journal of Botany ' for 1874, and additional matter will be
found in the subsequent volumes of that work. The most important work upon Devonshire plants
is the ' Flora of Devon and Cornwall,' by Mr. I. W. N. Keys, of Plymouth, published (1866-70)
in the ' Transactions of the Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society ; ' the mosses and lichens
were added by Mr. E. M. Holmes. The Rev. T. F. Ravenshaw has issued a ' List of the Flowering
Botany of iOevonsliire. Z 55
Plants and Ferns of Devon ' (1860), with a supplement ; while Messrs. J. P. Jones and J. P. Kingston
published a ' Flora Devoniensis ' in 1829. A thoroughly satisfactory Devonshire flora is, however,
still a desideratum.
RANUNCULACEiE. Clematis Vitalba. Thalictrum minus (S.). Anemone nemorosa. Myosurus
minimus (S. ?). Ranunculus fluitans (S.), Drouetii, Lenormandi, hederaceus, sceleratus, Flammula,
Lingua (N. ? S.), auricomus (N. ? S.), acris, repens, bulbosus, hirsutus (S.), parviflorus, arvensis (S.),
Ficaria. Caltha palustris. Helleborus viridis (S.), foetidus (S.). Aquilegia vulgaris. Aconitum
Napellus.
BERBERACEiE. Bcrberis vulgaris.
NymphvEace^. Nuphar lutea (S.).
Papaverace^:. Papaver Rhoeas, dubium, Argemone, hybridum. Meconopsis cambrica,
Glaucium luteum. Chelidonium majus. Corydalis clavicidata. Fumaria pallidiflora, confusa,
muralis (S.), officinalis.
Cruciferye. Cakile maritima. Crambe maritima. Raphanus Raphanistrum, maritimus (S.).
Sinapis arvensis, alba, nigra. Brassica oleracea (S.). Diplotaxis tenuifolia (S.), muralis. Sisym-
brium officinale, Sophia (S. ?), Alliaria. Erysimum cheiranthoides (S.). Matthiola sinuata (N.).
Cardamine pratensis, hirsuta, sylvatica, impatiens (N. ? S.). Arabis thaliana, hirsuta (S.). Barbarea
vulgaris. Nasturtium officinale, sylvestre (S.), palustre (S.). Cochlearia officinalis, danica, anglica.
Draba verna, brachycarpa (S.). Thlaspi arvense. Teesdalia nudicaulis (S.). Capsella Bursa-pastoris.
Lepidium ruderale (8.), campestre, Smithii. Senebiera didyma, Coronopus.
Resedace^. Reseda lutea, Luteola.
CiSTACE^.. Helianthemum vulgare, (N.), polifolium (S.).
ViOLACE^. Viola palustris, odorata, hirta, Riviniana, Reichenbachiana, flavicornis, lactea (S.),
tricolor, Curtisii (N.), lutea (S. ?).
Droseracej:. Drosera rotundifolia, anglica (8.), intermedia.
PoLYGALACE^. Polygala vulgaris, oxyptera (8.), depressa (S.).
Caryophyllace^. Dianthus Armeria, deltoides (8.). Saponaria officinalis. Silene inflata,
maritima, anglica, nutans (8.). Lychnis vespertina, diurna, Flos-cuculi, Githago. Moenchia erecta
(S.). Cerastium semidecandrum (S.), tetrandrum, pumilum (S.), glomeratum, triviale. Stellaria
aquatica (8.), media, Holostea, glauca (8. ?), graminea, uliginosa. Arenaria trinervis, serpyllifolia.
Honkeneya peploides. Alsine verna. Sagina maritima, apetala, ciliata, procumbens, subulata,
nodosa (N.8. ?). Spergula arvensis. Spergularia rubra, neglecta, marginata (8.), rupestris. Poly-
carpon tetraphyllum (S.).
iLLECEBRACEiE. Corrigiola littoralis (8.). Illecebrum verticillatum (N. ? 8. ?). Scleranthus annuus.
PoRTULACACEiE. Montia fontana.
Hypericace.e. Hypericum Androsaemum, perforatum, dubium, tetrapterum, baeticum (S.),
humifusum, linariifolium (8.), pulchrum, hirsutum, montanum (8.), Elodes.
Malvaceae. Althaea officinalis (S.). Lavatera arborea (N. ? S.). Malva moschata, sylvestris,
rotundifolia.
Linages. Radiola millegrana. Linum catharticum, angustifolium.
Geraniace^e. Geranium sanguineum (8), pratense, pyrenaicum (8.), moUe, pusillum (S.),
rotundifolium (8.), dissectum, columbinum, lucidum, Robertianum. Erodium cicutarium, moschatum^
maritimum. Oxalis Acetosella.
ILICACE.E. Ilex Aquifolium. ,
CELASTRACEiE. Euonymus europ^us.
Rhamnace^e. Rhamnus [catharticus S. ?], Frangula.
Sapindace^e. Acer campestre.
Leguminos^. Ulex europ^us, Gallii. Genista anglica, tinctoria (N. ? S. ?). Sarothamnus sco-
parius. Ononis spinosa, arvensis. Anthyllis vulneraria, Dillenii. Medicago lupulina, denticulata
(8.), maculata. Melilotus officinalis, alba (8.). Trigonella ornithopodioides (8.). Trifolium
subteiTaneum, pratense, maritimum (8. ?), arvense, striatum (N. ? 8.), scabrum, glomeratum (S.},
suffocatum (8.), repens, fragiferum, procumbens, minus, filiforme. Lotus corniculatus, tenuis, major,
angustissimus (8.), hispidus. Ornithopus perpusillus. Onobrychis sativa (S.). Vicia hirsuta,
tetrasperma, Cracca, sylvatica, sepium, lutea (8.), angustifolia, lathyroides (S. ?), bithynica (8.).
Lathyrus Aphaca (S.), Nissolia (N. ? S.), pratensis, sylvestris (8.). Orobus tuberosus.
Rosacea. Prunus spinosa. Avium, Cerasus. Spiraea Ulmaria, Filipendula (8.). Agrimonia
Eupatoria, odorata (8.). Sanguisorba officinalis. Poterium Sanguisorba. Alchemilla arvensis,
vulgaris. Potentilla Fragariastrum, Tormentilla, procumbens, reptans, anserina. Comarum palustre
(8.). Fragaria vesca. Rubus Idaus, fruticosus, caesius, saxatilis (S.). Geum urbanum, inter-
medium (N. ?S. ?), rivale (N. ?8.). Rosa spinosissima, Sabini, tomentosa (8.), rubiginosa (8.),
micrantha, canina, systyla (8.), arvensis. Crataegus Oxyacantha. Pyrus Aria, scandica, Aucuparia,
56 ' JBotaiiy ol" I>ovoiiKliii*<'
LYTHRACEiE. Lythruiii Salicaria. Peplis Portula.
ONAGRACEiE. Epilobiiim angusti folium (N. ? S.), hirsutum, parviflorum, montanum, lauceolatum
(S.), roseum (S.), tetragonum, obsciirum, palustre. Circa^a lutetiana.
IIalokagiace/E. Myriophyllum spicatum (S.). Ilippuris vulgaris (S.). Callitriche verna,
platycarpa, haniulata, autumnalis (S.).
GROSsuLARiACEiE. lUbes Grossularia.
Crassulack.e. Tillaia muscosa (S.). Sedum Tclephiuni, anglicum, acre, rupestre (N.).
Cotyledon Umbilicus.
SAXiFRAGACEyE. Saxifraga tridactylites. Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, alternifolium (N.).
llMBELLiFERiE. Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Sanicula europa}a. Eryngium maritimum, campestre
(8.). Apium graveolens. Ilelosciadium nodiflorum, inundatum. Petroselinum segetum (N. ? S.).
Sison Amomum. Trinia vulgaris (S.). ^gopodium Podagraria. Carum verticillatum (S. ?).
Bunium flexuosum. Pimpinella Saxifraga, magna (S.) Slum latifolium (S.), angustifolium (S. ?).
Bupleurum aristatum (S.), tenuissimum (S.). CEnantlie fistulo.sa, pimpinelloides (S.), Lachenalii,
crocata, Phellandrium (S. ?). iEtliusa Cynapium. Foeniculum vulgare. Silaus pratensis (S.).
Crithmum maritimum. Angelica sylvestris. Pastinaca sativa. Ileracleum Sphondylium. Daucus
Carota, gummifer. Torilis infesta (S.), Anthriscus, nodosa. Ch atrophy Hum Antbriscus, sylvestre,
temulum. Scandix Pecten- Veneris. Conium maculatura. Physospermum cornubiense (S.),
Smyrnium Olusatrum.
ARALTACEiE. Hedera Helix.
CoRNACEiE. Corn US sanguinea.
LoRANTHACE^. Viscum album.
Caprifoliace^. Adoxa Moschatellina. Sambucus nigra, Ebulus (S.). Viburnum Opulus,
Lantana (S.) Lonicera Periclymenum.
EuBiACE^E. Eubia peregrina. Galium cruciatum, verum, Mollugo, saxatile, palustre, uliginosum
(S.), Aparine, tricorne. Asperula odorata, cynanchica (S.). Slierardia arvensis.
Valerianace^. Valeriana dioica (S.), officinalis. Valerianella Olitoria, Auricula (S.), dentata,
carinata (S.).
DiPSACE^. Dipsacus sylvestris, pilosus (S.) Scabiosa succisa, Columbaria, arvensis.
ComposiTjE. Onopordum Acanthium (N. ? S.). Carduus tenuiflorus, nutans, crispus (S.),
lanceolatus, palustris, pratensis (N. ? S.), acaulis (S. ?) arvensis. Carlina vulgaris. Arctium majus
(S.), minus (S.). Serratula tinctoria. Centaurea nigra, Scabiosa, Cyanus, Calcitrapa (S.).
Chrysanthemum segetum, Leucanthemum. Matricaria Parthenium, inodora, Chamomilla. Tana-
cetum vulgare. Anthemis Cotula, arvensis (S.), nobilis. Diotis maritima (S.). Achillea Millefolium,
Ptarmica. Artemisia Absinthium, vulgaris, maritima. Filago germanica, minima. Gnaphalium
uliginosum, sylvaticum (S.), dioicum (S.). Senecio vulgaris, sylvaticus, erucifolius, Jacobaea, aqua-
tions. Bidens cernua, tripartita. Inula Conyza, crithmoides (S.), dysenterica. Bellis perennis.
Erigeron acris (N.). Chrysocoma Linosyris (S.). Solidago Virga-aurea. Tussilago Farfara.
Petasites vulgaris. Eupatorium cannabinum. Cichorium Intybus. Lapsana communis. Hypo-
choeris glabra, radicata. Leontodon hirtus, hispidus, autumnalis. Picris hieracioides (N. ? S.).
Helminthia echioides. Tragopogon pratensis. Taraxacum officinale, palustre (S.). Lactuca virosa
(S.), muralis. Sonchus oleraceus, asper, arvensis. Crepis taraxacifolia (S.). Hieracium Pilosella,
pallidum (S.), murorum, tridentatum (N.), sylvaticum, umbellatum, boreale.
Campanulace^e. Lobelia urens (S.). Jasione montana. Campanula Trachelium, rotundifolia.
Specularia hybrida (S.). Wahlenbergia hederacea.
ERiCACEiE. Vaccinium Vitis-idsea (S.), Myrtillus. Erica Tetralix, cinerea. Calluna vulgaris.
Pyrola minor (S ?). ^_l
jASMiNACEiE. Fraxinus excelsior. Ligustrum vulgare. fH
Apocynace^. Vinca minor. ^■j
Gentianace^e. Erythraea Centaurium, pulchella. Cicendia filiformis (S ?). Chlora perfoliata.
Gentiana Amarella, campestris (S.). Menyanthes trifoliata.
Convolvulace.e. Convolvulus arvensis, sepium, Soldanella. Cuscuta europjea (S.), Epithy-
mum, Trifolii.
SoLANACEvE. Solauum Dulcamara, nigrum. [Atropa Belladonna.] Hyoscyamus niger.
ScROPHULARiACE^. Verbascum Thapsus, [Lychnitis], nigrum. Scrophularia Balbisii, nodosa,
Scorodonia. Digitalis purpurea. Antirrhinum Orontium. Linaria Elatine, spuria, repens (S.),
vulgaris, supina (S.), minor (S.). Sibthorpia europaea (S.). Veronica hederifolia, polita, agrestis,
Buxbaumii, arvensis, serpyllifolia, officinalis, Chamasdrys, montana, scutellata, Anagallis, Beccabunga.
Euphrasia officinalis. Bartsia Odontites. Pedicularis palustris, sylvatica. Khinanthus Crista-galli.
Melampyrum pratense.
OROBANCHACEyE. Lathrsca squamaria. Orobanche major, [caryophyllacea], Hedera?, minor,
Eryngii (S.).
Uotany ol* I^evonsliire. 57
Verbenace^e. Verbena officinalis.
Labiat.e. Lycopus europa^us. Mentha sylvestris (N, S ?), piperita (S.), sativa, gentilis (S.),
arvensis, aquatica, Pulegium (S.). Thymus Serpyllum. Origanum vulgare. Calamintha Clino-
podium, Acinos, menthifolia, sylvatica (S.). Nepeta Cataria, Glechoma. Salvia Verbenaca.
Prunella vulgaris. Scutellaria galericulata, minor. Melittis Melissophyllum. Marrubium vulgare.
Ballota nigra. Stachys Betonica, [germanica], palustris, ambigua (S.), sylvatica, arvensis. Galeopsig
Ladanuni (S.), versicolor (S.), Tetrahit. Lamium amplexicaule, incisum (S.), purpureum, album,
GaleobdoJon. Ajuga reptans. Teucrium Scordium (N.), Scorodonia.
BoiiAGiNACE.E. Echium vulgare. Lithospermuni purpureo-ca^ruleum (S.), officinale, arvense.
Myosotis ccespitosa, palustris, repens, arvensis, collina, versicolor. Anchusa arvensis. Symphytum
officinale. Cynoglossum officinale.
PiNGUicuLACE.E. Pinguicula vulgaris, lusitanica. Utricularia vulgaris.
PplIMULACe.e. Primula vulgaris, officinalis. Lysimacliia vulgaris (S.), Nunimularia, nemorum.
Centunculus minimus (S.). Glaux maritima. Samolus Yalerandi.
Plu.mbagixacej:. Armeria maritima. Statice Limonium, binervosa.
Plantaginace^:. Plantago major, media, lanceolata, maritima, Coronopus. Littorella lacustris.
Chenopodiace.e. Suaida maritima. Salsola Kali. Salicornia herbacea, radicans (S.). Beta
maritima. Chenopodium polyspermum (S.), olidum, album, murale (S.), urbicum (8.), rubrum,
Bonus-Henricus. Atriplex angustifolia, erecta (S.), deltoidea (8.), Babingtonii, arenaria, portu-
lacoides, hastata.
PoLYGONACE.E. Rumcx conglomcratus, nemorosus, pulcher (S.), obtusifolius, pratensis (S.),
crispus, Hydrolaj^athum (S.), Acetosa, Acetosella. Polygonum Convolvulus, dumetorum (S).,
aviculare, Eaii, maritimum (N.), Ilydropiper, mite (S.), lapathifolium, ampliibium.
[EltEAGNAce^. Hippophae rliamnoides].
Thymeleace^. Daphne [Mezereum S.], Laureola.
SANTALACE.E. Thcsium humifusum (S.).
[AsAKACE^E, Asarum europa^um (S).]
EMPETRACEiE. Empetrum nigrum (S.).
EupnoRBiACE^. Euphorbia Peplis, Helioscopia, hiberna (N.), amygdaloides, Paralias, port-
landica, Peplus, exigua. Mercurialis perennis, annua.
CERATOPiiYLLACEJi:. Ceratopliyllum aquaticum (S.).
IjRTiCACEiE. Parietaria diit'usa. Urtica dioica, urens. llumulus Lupulus.
TJLMACEiE. Ulmus suberosa, montana.
Amentifek.e. Que reus pedunculata, sessiliflora. Fagus sylvatica. Cory his Avellana. Carpinua
Betulus (S.). Alnus glutinosa. Betula alba, verrucosa, glutinosa (S,). Myrica Gale (S.). Populus
alba, canescens (S.), tremula. Salix fragilis (S.), alba (S.), triandra (S.), purpurea (S.), viminalis
(S.), Smithiana (S.), cinerea, aurita, caprea, ambigua (S.), repens.
TYPiiACEiE. Typlia latifolia (S.), angustifolia (S.). Sparganium raniosum, simplex.
ArxVCE^e. Arum maculatum.
Lemnace^e. Lemna trisulca (S.), minor, gibba (S.), polj'rhiza (S.).
Naiadace.e. Potamogeton natans, polygonifolius (8.), rufescens (8.), heterophyllus (N.), lucena
(S.), perfoliatus (8.), crispus (8.), densus (8. ?), pusillus, pectinatus (8.). Zannichellia palustris.
Ruppia maritima. Zostera marina (8.).
Alismace.e. Triglochin palustre, maritimum. Sagittaria sagittifolia (8.). Alisma Plantago,
ranunculoides (8.). Butomus umbellatus (N. ? 8.).
Hydrocharidace^e. Hydrocharis Morsus-rana3 (8.).
Orchidace^e. Orchis pyramidalis (8.), Morio, mascula, latifolia, masculata. Gymnadenia
conopsea (8.). Habenaria viridis (8. ?), bifolia (8.), chlorantha. Ophrys apifera. Spiranthes
autumnalis. Listera cordata (N.), ovata. Neottia Nidus-avis. Epipactis latifoliaj violacea (8. ?),
palustris. Malaxis paludosa (N.).
Iridace.e. Trichonema Columna; (8.). Iris foetidissima, Pseudacorus.
AMARYLLiDACEiE. Narcissus Pseudo-uarcissus.
DioscoREACEiE. Tamus communis.
LiLiACE^. Polygonatum multiflorum (8.). Ruscus aculeatus. Scilla autumnalis, verna (8.),
nutans. Allium vineale, oleraceum (8.), ursinum. Narthecium ossifragum.
JuNCACEJS. Luzula Forsteri, pilosa, sylvatica, multiflora. Juncus acutus, maritimus, con-
glomeratus, efFusus, glaucus, obtusiflorus (8.), acutiflorus, lamprocarpus, supinus, bufonius, Gerardi,
squarrosus.
CYPERACEiE. Schcenus nigricans. Rhynchospora alba (8.). Scirpus acicularis (8.), palustris (S.),
multicaulis (8.), pauciflorus (8.), casspitosus (8.), fluitans (8.), Savii, setaceus, Holoschoenus (N.),
lacustris, Tabernaamontani (8 ), maritimus, sylvaticus (8.). Eriophorum vaginatum, angustifolium,
latifoHum (N. ? 8.). Carex pulicaris, divisa, arenaria, teretiuscula (8.), paniculata (8.), vulpiua,
58 Botanv ol' I>evoiiSi<liii*e.
I
muricata (8.), divulsa, stellulata (8.), remota, axillaris, ovalis (S.), acuta (N. ? 8.), vulgaris, glauca,
digitata (8.), montana (8.), pilulifera, prajcox (8.), pallescens (8.), panicea, pendula (8.), sylvatica,
la3vigata (8.), binervis, distans, fulva (8.), extensa, flava, filiformis (8.), hirta, Pseudo-cyperus (8.),
paludosa (8.), riparia (8.), ampullacea, vesicaria (8.)
GiiAMiNA. 8partina stricta (8.). Cynodon Dactylon (8.). 8etaria viridis (8.). Anthoxanthum
odoratum. Digraphis arundinacea. Alopecurus agrestis (8.), fulvus (8.), bulbosus (8.), pratensis.
Phleum pratense, arenarium. Gastridium lendigerum (N. ? 8.). Agrostis setacea (8.), canina (8.),
iilba, vulgaris. Psamma arenaria. Calamagrostis Epigeios (8.), lanceolata (8.). Phragmitea com-
munis. Milium efFusum. Aira caespitosa, flexuosa, caryophylea, praecox (8.). Avena flavescens
(8.), pubescens (8.), pratensis (N.S. ?), fatua, elatior. IIolcus mollis, lanatus. Triodia decumbens.
Koeleria cristata. Molinia cserulea. Melica uniflora. Catabrosa aquatica (8.). Glyceria fluitans,
plicata (8.), aquatica (8.). 8clerocliloa maritima, distans, Borreri (8.), procumbens (8.), rigida,
loliacea. Poa annua, bulbosa (8. ?), nemoralis, compressa, pratensis, trivialis. Briza media, minor
(8.). Cynosurus cristatus. Dactylis glomerata. Festuca uniglumis, Pseudo-myurus (8.), sciuroides,
ovina, duriuscula, arenaria (N. ? 8.), elatior, pratensis. Bromus giganteus, asper, madritensia (8.),
sterilis, secalinus, commutatus, mollis. Brachypodium sylvaticum, pinnatum (8. ?). Triticum
caninum (8.), junceum, repens, pungens, acutum (8.), Lolium perenne, temulentum. Lepturus
filiformis. [Elymus arenarius, 8.]. Hordeum pratense, murinum, maritimum. Nardus stricta.
FiLiCES. — Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, unilaterale (N. ? 8.), Adiantum Capillus- Veneris.
Pteris aquilina. Cryptogramme crispa (N. ?). Asplenium Ruta-muraria, septentrionale (N.),
Trichomanes, marinum, lanceolatum (N. ? 8.), Adiantum-nigrum. Athyrium Filix-foemina.
Ceterach officinarum. Scolopendrium vulgare. Cystopteris fragilis (N. ? 8.). Aspidium aculeatum,
angulare. Nephrodium Filix-mas, spinulosum, dilatatum, a^mulum, Thelypteris, Oreopteris. Poly-
podium vulgare, Phegopteris, Dryopteris (N. ? 8.). Osmunda regalis. Ophioglossum vulgatum.
Botrychium Lunaria.
Lycopodiace^.. Lycopodium clavatum, inundatum (8.), 8elago.
MARSiLEACEiE. Pilularia globulifera (8.).
Eqoisetace^. Equisetum arvense, maximum (N. ? 8.), sylvaticum (N. ? S.), palustre, limosum
(S.), variegatum (8.).
GEOLOGY.
The various formations in this county will be noticed separately in the order of their geological
sequence, beginning with the oldest known rocks, and ending with the most recent deposits. The
systems or series represented in Devonshire are as follows, the extent occupied by each being
approximately estimated in proportional parts of the whole superficial area of the county : —
1. 8ilurian system (?) The metamorphic rocks of 8tart Point and Bolt Head may possibly
belong to this period. Area occupied, 0*7 per cent.
2. Devonian system, including the slates, grits, and limestones of North and South Devon ; and
subdivided into lower, middle, and upper groups. 25*7 per cent.
3. Carboniferous system, consisting of carboniferous shales, mountain limestone, and millstone
grit. 41 "9 per cent.
4. The granite of Dartmoor and Lundy Island. 9*9 per cent.
5. The Triassic series of new red sandstones, marls, conglomerates, and clays. 14-4 per cent.
6. Lias. 0*4 per cent.
7. Cretaceous system, including gault, greensand, and chalk. 4*5 per cent.
8. The miocene, or lignite beds of Bove}'. 0'5 per cent.
9. The post-tertiary or quarternary period, comprising gravels, boulders, and boulder clay,
evidences of glacial action, caves, raised beaches, submerged forests, &c. The alluvial deposits
occupy 2 per cent.
10. Modern sea action, landslips, pebble beaches, &c.
The north and south portions of Devonshire consist almost entirely of Devonian slates and lime-
stones. The central district includes the carboniferous series and granite, whilst the east of the
county is occupied by triassic and cretaceous deposits.
History and Literature. — To the observations of miners and agriculturists we are indebted, as
is usually the case, for the earliest contributions towards a knowledge of the various rocks and soils
existing in each particular district. The tin of Dartmoor, the silver of Combmartin, and the anthracite of
Bideford, were known in very remote ages, and the contrast between materials so different in their
appearance as granite and slate, could no more fail to attract the attention of the miners, than the
relative fertility of the barren clays overlying the millstone grit, and the fertile soil of the adjoining
new red sandstone would be noticed by the farmer. Risdon, the author of a ' Chorographical Survey
of the County of Devon,' in the reigns of James I. and Charles I., mentions that of late a new inven-
tion had sprung up and been practised, by burning ' lyme,' incorporating it for a season with earth,
I Greolog-y ol* Devonsliii'e. 59
and then spread upon the arable land, producing a plentiful increase of all sorts of grain, where
formerly such never grew in any living man's memory. From this time the occurrence of veins or
beds of limestone soon became noticed in various localities, and was included by almost all subsequent
writers amongst the economic products of the county. An agricultural report on Devon by K.
Fraser, with a map of the soils, was published in 1794, followed in 1808 by Vancouver's general
report on agriculture. In the map which accompanies this work, are traced the beds of middle
Devonian limestone in the neighbourhood of Ilfracombe, and those south of Barnstaple, belonging to
the carboniferous series. The close of the last and the commencement of the present century was
marked by the publication of numerous works relative to the geology of Devonshire ; these, however,
for the most part dealt with isolated facts and phenomena, such as the Bovey coal, organic remains in
the limestone, caverns, &c. ; whilst no writer attempted more than the very rudimentary subdivision
of the rocks into granite, slate or killas, red sandstone, and greensand. The granite was regarded as
the primitive or oldest known stratum, and the slates and grits, comprising so large a portion of the
district, were comprehended under the various designations of transition slates, greywacke, or
grauwake — this latter being a term adopted from the mining phraseology of Germany.
From the year 1814 the list of those who directed their attention to the subject includes such
historical names as Conybeare, Sedgwick, Buckland, and De la Beche. The Rev. li. Hennah also
contributed to the Geological Society of London numerous papers on the geology of Plymouth. Dr.
Buckland's papers related to the excavation of valleys by diluvial action, and to the organic remains
of the caves ; those by Sedgwick to the formations associated with the primitive ridge of Devonshire
and Cornwall. The geology of Okehampton, Memoranda relative to Clovelly, and a notice of the
red rock marl or newer red sandstone, were the subjects chosen by Conybeare ; whilst among the
numerous contributions of De la Beche may be noticed his remarks on the geology of the south
coast of England from Bridport to Babbacombe Bay, the anthracite of Bideford, and the trappean
rocks associated with the red sandstone.
In 1836 the Rev. Professor Sedgwick and Mr. (afterwards Sir) Roderick Murchison read a paper
at the Bristol meeting of the British Association, which was the means of directing the attention of
geologists more specially to the rocks of the northern portion of the county, included up to this time
under the old names of transition slate and grauwacke. These authors, in their ' Classitication of the
old Slate Rocks of the North of Devonshire, and on the true Position of the Culm Deposits in the Central
Portion of the County,' divided the series into five groups, separating the carboniferous deposits,
which had previously been classed with the lowest portion of the grauwacke ; but mistaking what is
now known as the Upper Devonian or Pilton beds, for silurian slates. This error was corrected
three years later in a further communication by the same authors. In the meantime the Rev. David
Williams in 1837, and Mr. T. Weaver in 1838, proposed a still more minute subdivision of the
North Devon rocks, based to a considerable extent upon the petrological character of the beds.
These subdivisions, it may be remarked, do not differ in any material degree from those at present
recognised.
We now come for the first time to the introduction of the term ' Devonian,' as applied to the
older deposits of North and South Devon. Mr. Lonsdale, then assistaiit secretary to the Geological
Society of London, had remarked that the fossils of the ^grauwacke group' of the west of England
had characters intermediate between those of the silurian rocks, lately reduced to order by the labours
of Sir R. Murchison, and those of the carboniferous limestone. The existence of some carboniferous
species in that so-called 'grauwacke group' was apparently recognised by Mr. Lonsdale, together
with other species believed to be silurian, while other peculiar species and genera had characters
which seemed to give them an intermediate place between those found in the silurian rocks, and
those of the carboniferous limestone. Mr. Lonsdale therefore suggested to Sir R. Murchison and
Professor Sedgwick, who were then working together on these older rocks in the west of England and
elsewhere, that the Devon and Cornish rocks were of an age intermediate between the upper silurian
and the carboniferous limestone. This shrewd suggestion was adopted by Professor Sedgwick and
Sir R. Murchison, and the age of the Devonian slates was approximately determined by it. (Jukes.)
In 1839 a report by Sir Henry T. de la Beche on the geology of Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset
was published by order of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury. This work contains
an index to the sheets of the Ordnance Survey maps,* which were coloured geologically during the
preparation of the report. All the various formations as they were then known are fully described,
and such cognate subjects as the physical structure and economic products of the district are also
included. The indefinite name of grauwacke is, however, still applied to the older slates ; and to
remove any remaining doubt as to the true position and nature of these deposits, Professor Phillips
* Although the insertion of the lines of railway gives them a modern appearance, the maps of the Ordnance
Survey for this county, on the one-inch scale, were published in 1809. Since this date most of the principal turnpike
roads have been made, and many of those indicated on the map have been closed or diverted for more than half a
century.
60 Grcoloft-y ol' I>cvoiiHliii'e.
received instructions from the Treasury to examine and describe, for the purpose of publication, the 1
organic remains. This resulted in 1841 in the issue of his 'Palaiozoic Fossils of Cornwall, Devon,ij
and West Somerset,' a work of the greatest possible value, containing CO plates, with descriptions <j
and figures of 277 species of Devonian and carboniferous fossils, and tables showing their relativcfi
distribution in North and South Devon. From this time the nomenclature and sequence of the rocksii
may be said to be clearly established, and the many subsequent geological papers relating to thisi|
county will therefore be noticed, where necessary, in our sketch of each of the several formations.!'
This general history of the subject would be incomplete, without the mention of the establishment iuij
18G2 of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art, which up to'
the present time has distributed amongst its members nine volumes of Transactions, containing manyi!
important contril)utions to local geology. In 1865 the age of the older slates again became a matter
of dispute. The late Mr. Jukes, whose position as Director of the Irish branch of the Geological
Survey, and whose intimate knowledge of the carboniferous slates of the west of Ireland, entitled him
to the respect of even those who differed most from him, entered into an argument to prove that the,
Devonian rocks do not form an independent system of themselves, but are in truth the equivalents oi'
the carboniferous slates of Ireland. These views have been vigorously opposed, chiefly on palseonto-
logical evidence, by Mr. Etheridge, in a very elaborate paper on the Physical Structure of West
Somerset and North Devon (' Quarterly Journal, Geol. Soc.,' vol. xxiii. p. 568), also by Professor
J. Phillips, Townshend M. Hall, and others.
Metamorphic Rocks. — The extreme southern termination of Devonshire, including the district
round Bolt Head, Prawle, and Start Points, is composed of metamorphic rocks, mica schists, and
chlorite slate. The possibility of these being the oldest known formations in the county, and belonging
to the Silurian age, gives them some claim to be described first in this sketch. Sir H. De la Beche
regards mica slate as the predominant substance, occurring in various parts of the area, but most
abundant in the south, where indeed it sometimes passes into a gneiss, by the addition of felspar to its
ordinary constituent minerals, mica and quartz. The gneiss is chiefly observable near the Prawle
Point, and the mica slate best seen in the vicinity of the Bolt Head. True chlorite slate is not veiy
abundant ; but a compound of quartz and an ambiguous mineral much resembling chlorite occurs,
intermingled with a chloritic and thick-bedded rock very frequently towards the northern part of this
area. Supposing the metamorphic rocks of the Lizard Point, in Cornwall, to be of the same geological
age, the gneiss rock on which the Eddystone Lighthouse is built is regarded by Sir H. De la Beche
as forming a connecting link between one district and another. The cause of the alteration effected
in these rocks is attributed by Mr. Jukes and Dr. Holl to a deeply-seated granite mass existing either
beneath them, or in some adjacent part of the sea bed. A fact corroborating the latter theory has
been recorded by Mr. W. Pengelly, who observes that not only do boulders of granite occur between
the Start and Prawle Points, but that in the entire coast, between the mouths of the rivers Avon and
Erme, he finds no beach without granitoid fragments, and in a small pebble beach, near the mouth of
the latter river, all the pebbles are fragments of schorl-rock and porphyry.
The geological age of the metamorphosed rocks is a problem less easy to solve. Both Mr. Jukes
and Dr. Holl consider them to belong to the Devonian period ; but if, on the other hand, they can be
connected with the metamorphic rocks of South Cornwall, which are in the same line of strike, it is
quite possible that they may be Lower Silurian ; the fossiliferous quartzites of Gorran Haven and the
Dodman being known to belong to that period. The great difficulty, as recently shoAvn by Mr. W.
Pengelly, is in assigning ' a Lower Silurian age to the Start and Bolt rocks, simply because they were
probably metamorphosed by the same agency, and at the same time, as the undoubted Lower Silurian
beds of Gorran and the Dodman ; whereas the truth may be, and probably is, that the two sets of
rocks were coeval, not in their origin, but in their metamorphosis only.' (' Trans. Devon. Assoc.,'
vol. ix. p. 411.)
Devonian Period. — Geographically, the Devonian beds may be divided into two principal ar^aas,
those of North and South Devon ; whilst chronologically, they may be classed as Lower, Middle, and
Upper. In the northern area will be found a more complete succession of the beds, and in the
southern a better development of the lower and middle divisions. The North Devon series extends
from the Bristol Channel southward to a line draAvn from Barnstaple to East Anstey, near Dulverton ;
the unfossiliferous sandstones of the North Foreland, near Lynton, forming the base. A section from
this point to the uppermost beds of Pilton, will give the following sequence of beds in ascending order : —
T 1^ • f Foreland sandstones.
Lower Devonian. < ^ . , ,
I Lynton beds.
r Martinhoe or Hangman beds.
Middle Devonian. <J Ilfracombe slates and limestones.
^Morthoe slates.
fPickwell Down sandstones..
Upper Devonian. < CucuUa^a, or Marwood zone.
L PJltpn beds.
Oeolog'y of Devonsliire. (Jl
)ne of the earliest attempts to subdivide the North Devon rocks Avas made in 1837, by the Rev.
3. Williams, who arranged the series in six groups. A somewhat similar classification was adopted
a 1841 by Professor Phillips in his ' Paleozoic Fossils.' In this work the organic remains are
abulated according to their occurrence in the three fossiliferous beds of Lynton, llfracombe and
^ilton, equivalent to the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian, and compared with the corresponding
eries in 8outli Devon. The same analytical method was adopted for the Devonian Brachiopoda
)V Mr. T. Davidson, in his splendid monograph, issued in 18G5 by the Palasontographical Society ;
tud in the copious tables prepared by Mr. Etheridge to illustrate his paper, already referred to, in
1867, will be found lists of all the known species in the animal kingdom, whicli are either
characteristic oE each division, or which pass from one into another. In the ' Quarterly Journal of the
geological Society ' for the same year, the relative distribution of fossils throughout the North Devon
ieries was shown by the author in greater local detail, by comparing the results ol)tained in various
ocalities situated in the same bed.
The Forehmd rising to an elevation of G89 feet, forms the most northerly point of the county,
md part of the same range of sandstones and grits as North Hill, Grabbist and Porlock hills, along
he adjoining West Somerset coast. These rocks are of a red or brown colour, and are tlirown up
n a great anticlinal curve ; one side of which dips into the sea, and the other supports the grey
Lynton beds. The latter, forming the lowest known fossiliferous strata of the district, consist of hard
rrits, shales, and sandstones, intersected with occasional bands of calcareous and ferruginous matter.
Ihe fossils are few in number and imperfectly preserved, being either crushed and distorted, or
Dccurring as impressions or casts only. In the Valley of Hocks, at Watersmeet, Woodabay, and
Barbrick Mill, all in the neighbourhood of Lynton, the most characteristic fossils are : — Favosites
■jervicornis, Fenestella antiqua, Chonetes Hardreiisis, Orthis arcuata, Spirifcra hysterica^ Spin/era
IcBvicosta. At Lynmouth there is a bed in which some remains of fish have been found. Owing to
the great depth of the valleys and ravines by which the Lynton district is intersected, the succession
of the beds is at first sight by no means easy to determine. Overlying the fossiliferous bed will be
foimd a second great series of red sandstones and grits, forming the high table land above Lynton,
and the coast line as far as the Little Hangman, near Combmartin. At Combmartin the llfracombe
group commences, and the red sandstones give place to the grey silvery slates, with their limestone
bands, belonging to the Middle Devonian. In and near the town of llfracombe the slates predominate,
and excellent sections are afforded by the tunnels leading to the bathing cove, the terrace of the
llfracombe Hotel, and the walks round Capstone Hill. Proceeding along the new coast road towards
Combmartin, the limestones are seen near the village of Hole,- and at Haggington ; whilst at Comb-
martin they attain their greatest thickness, and are extensively quarried. The limestones are
fossiliferous, containing lai-ge quantities of corals, and imperfect casts of brachiopods and other shells,
but owing to the crystalline structure and extreme hardness of the stone they can only be obtained
with difficulty in the quarries ; good specimens of corals and encrinites may however frequently be
found on the surface of the rocks which have become 'weathered' or partially decomposed by exposure
to the atmosphere. The follovv'ing are the fossils most commonly met with in these beds : — Cfjatho-
phyllum ccespitosum, Cyathophyllum obtortum, Favosites cervicornis, Stroniatopora concentrica,
Mtrista plebeia, lienseUoeria stringiceps, Stringocephahis Burtim, Spirifera, several species ; Stro-
phomena analoga, Loxoneina, Tentaculites scalaris^ Phacops! Iccvh; and fish remains. The slates,
especially in Ilele and Watermouth Bays, contain obscure markings which may possibly belong either
to corals or the remains of plants.
The succeeding Morthoe beds consist also of slates, which have hitherto proved destitute of
fossils. They form Morte and Bull Points, and extend inland to Span Head on Exmoor. (In the
absence of a geological map it may be remarked that all the North Devon beds run in a direction
froui W.N.W. to E.S.E., with a general dip to the south. None of the subdivisions of the Devonian
series either here or in South Devon are marked in the maps of the Geological Survey.) The
distinguishing feature of the Morthoe slates is the absence of limestone, and the abundance of white
quartz, both in veins and reefs, which intersects them in every possible direction. The lowest portion
i of the Upper Devonian is formed by the Pickwell Down sandstones, a thick series of red unfossilif erous
beds, containing a good deal of manganese and iron oi-e. Resting on these is a narrow zone of hard
ferruginous sandstone, with olive-coloured shales, known as the Marwood or CucuUaja bed, this latter
name having reference to the vast assemblage of bivalve shells belonging to the genus cuculkca,
which are found throughout its entire length from Baggy Point to Dulverton. Besides these fossils,
plant remains of several genera, such as Stigmaria, Jihodea, and Knorria^ are not uncommon,
■ indicating a deposition in shallow water. At the quarry of Sloly, on the turnpike road from Barn-
; staple to llfracombe, the shales contain numerous Unguloe.
The Pilton beds form the last remaining member of the Upper Devonian. They consist chiefly
' of slates and shales of a purplish or greyish colour, with occasional thin veins of limestone, composed
frequently of little else than the remains of shells and crinoids. The slates also are abundantly
62 Greolog;y ol' I>evoiisliire.
fossiliferous, having yielded more species (many of them new and undescribed forms) than the whole
of the other groups put together. Excellent sections of the beds may be seen along the coast line
from Croyde Bay to Saunton ; and inland the quarries of Braunton, Pilton, Goodleigh and Brushford,
are also deserving of notice. Amongst the fossils most generally distributed throughout the Pilton
beds are the following : — Petraia celtica, Fenestella antiqua, Glauconome hipinnata^ Athyris
concentn'ca, Chonetes Ilardrensis, Orthis interlineata, Productus prelongus, Rhynchonella pleurodon,
Spirt/era disjuncta^ Spirifera Urii, Streptorhynchus crenistria, Strophalosia productoides, Strophomena
analoga, Cui'tonotus, Sanguinolites, Euomphalus serpens, Cyathocrinus 2'>innatus, Cya'hocrinus
variabilis, Phacops latifrons, starfish, plant remains, &c.
Proceeding to the Devonian series in South Devon, we find the slates and limestones occupy the
whole district, with the exception of the intervening granite of Dartmoor, from Newton Abbott to
Tavistock, and southwards to the metamorphic rocks of the Bolt and Start. The same series extends
westward throughout Cornwall. The subdivision of this area presents considerable difficulty, not
only from the probable absence in it of several of the beds which are found in the North Devon
section, but also from the intervention of masses of igneous rock. The line of separation between the
Devonian and carboniferous beds is frequently rendered most obscure from this cause. In 1841,
Professor Phillips divided the beds into the Upper or Petherwin, and the Lower or Plymouth groups.
Dr. Harvey Holl, in the sketch map which accompanies a paper to the Geological Society (' On the
older Rocks of South Devon and East Cornwall,' 1868), refers the deposits to an Upper South Devon
and Lower South Devon group respectively, these terms in each case being used in a local signi-
fication. As ah isolated patch of slate, corresponding to the Upper Devonian of North Devon, occurs
near Launceston, just within the borders of this county, and as recent discoveries of fossils have
suggested the existence of Upper Devonian beds in South Devon, the same triple division adopted
in the case of the northern area may probably also be applied with advantage to this.
The fossiliferous beds of the Lower Devonian occur at Mudstone Bay, near Brixham, Glampton,
and at Meadfoot, near Torquay, in the neighbourhood of Plymouth, and probably also at Black Hall,
south of Totnes. Amongst the fossils occurring in the gritty slates of Meadfoot may be named
Homalonotus elongatus, ,a large trilobite, with a tail measuring nearly three inches in length,
Pleiirodlctyum prohlematicum, Platycrinus prisons, several brachiopods and two instances of fish
remains ; a scale of Holoptychus having been figured by Professor Phillips, and a scale of Phyllolepis
concentricus, found by Mr. Pengelly. At Black Hall the slates have yielded Phacops latifrons,
.Strophomena rhomboidalis, Streptorhynchus crenistria, Leptcena inter strialis, Chonetes Hardrensis, and
numerous crinoidal stems (' Trans. Devon. Assoc.,' vol. vi. p. 649). ,*
The limestones belonging to the Middle Devonian form a striking feature in the scenery of the
county, and a well-defined landmark in its geological history. These are first seen in the vicinity of
Newton Abbot, and thence continue in great irregular masses, associated with the slates in the neigh-
bourhood of Totnes and the two extremities of Tor Bay. In addition there are numerous smaller
outliers, especially one at Yealmpton, intervening between them and another extensive series of
limestone deposits at Plymouth. According to Mr. Worth, the boring, 300 feet in depth, for the
Victoria Spa at Plymouth, proved the existence of two distinct beds of limestone, one 50 and the
other 150 feet in thickness, intercalated with sandstone and slate ; and a careful examination of the
stratigraphical positions of the limestones in other parts of South Devon show that some must belong
to a lower horizon than others, though the faults and contortions by which they have been disturbed
render it almost impossible to arrive at any satisfactory conclusions as to their relation to each other.
At Yealmpton the limestone is highly crystalline, and partially converted into dolomite. At
Plymouth some of the beds are of a slatey and others of an arenaceous nature, a quarter of the bulk
consisting of a red siliceous sand. Other beds, again, are formed of little else than the remains of
corals, and very fine specimens may be observed on a Avet day in some of the stones used as flagging
in the streets of Plymouth. The limestones of Bradley Wood, near Newton, are full of the beautiful
feather madrepore, Favosites cervicornis, and are in much demand for brooches and other articles of
ornament, inkstands, &c. The other limestone masses, such as those near Torquay, are also more or
less abundantly fossiliferous, afEord a large series of shells, and numerous very beautiful corals. The
fauna of the whole district is larger than that of the corresponding Middle Devonian of Combmartin
and Ilfracombe, but inferior to that of the Eifel.
Amongst the fossils of this group may be noticed — Stromatop)ora concentrica, Cyathophyllum
coespitostim, Heliolites jjorosa, Acervularia, Favosites cervicornis, Bronteus flahellifer, Phacops
latifrons, P. granulatus, Cheirurus articulatus, Merista plehia, Spirifera nuda, Spirifera cui^vata,
Cyrtina heteroclita, Atrypa reticularis, Atrypa aspera, Rhynchonella cuhoides, R. primipilaris, R.
implexa, Pentamerus hreviostris, Strepterhynchus umhracidum, Orthis striatula, String ocephalus
JBurtini, Murchisonia, Cyrtoceras, Orthoceras, &c.
The Upper Devonian group will include the fossiliferous beds at Landlake or South Petherwin,
near Launceston. Two miles north of this town, and on the Devonshire side of the stream which
Greolo^y of I>evoiisliire. 63
forms the boundary of the county, a small outlying patch of slate occurs at the bottom of the valley,
and a short distance from the Duke of Bedford's mansion at Werrington. In these slates, and in the
adjoining beds, are found Petraia celtica, Sanguinolitas, Orthis, Orthoceras^ Phacops^ &c. The ques-
tion of the occurrence of Upper Devonian beds in South Devon rests chiefly upon palaeontological
evidence, and till recently there was a general opinion that no beds of this age were to be found in
the district. In 1873, Mr. Champernowne recorded the discovery in slate, near Harberton, of a new
starfish, Helianthastei^ jiliciformis, which presents a great analogy to those from the Pilton beds
(Upper Devonian) of North Devon, and in the ' Geological Magazine ' for March, 1877, Mr. J. E. Lee
described and figured several species of Goniatites, an Orthoceras^ and a minute bivalve, Cardium
pabnatum, which he had found at Saltern Cave, Torbay. These species occur plentifully at
Budesheim in the Eifel, in beds of shale, which are classed by the German geologists as Upper
Devonian, and although they have not hitherto been recognised in the north of Devon, the identity of
the species from areas so far distant as Torbay and the Eifel, is an interesting and important fact,
which will doubtless lead to further results.
The trappean rocks, greenstones and ash beds found so frequently in the southern districts, indi-
cate a long-continued and^ widespread igneous action during the Devonian and succeeding car-
boniferous period, and may be divided into contemporary and intrusive rocks. Most of the latter
probably belong to the great volcanic outburst which took place during, or at the close of the car-
boniferous period, and will therefore be noticed under that head ; but the interstratified greenstone
and ash beds were clearly formed during the deposition of the slates, with which they are associated,
and into which, indeed, they often imperceptibly graduate.
The traps occur in numerous parallel bands at Saltash, near Plymouth, and in irregular beds or
patches scattered over most of the area. In appearance they vary from a hard compact rock, which,
however, frequently decomposes near the surface, to a schistose and almost slatey substance. Ash beds
and vesicular traps are also occasionally found ; some of the latter having the cavities partially filled
with carbonate of lime. In North Devon, during the same period, the traces of igneous action are
seen to a very considerably less extent. A narrow band of porphyritic felstone runs from Morte Bay
to Exmoor, at the base of the Upper Devonian beds. Another, though much thicker, bed of compact
felstone occurs near Kentisbury, in the middle of the Ilfracombe slates, whilst several others are
found in the neighbourhood of Parracombe. In all cases they appear to be contemporaneous with
the slates in which they occur, and in some localities seem to be little else than reconstructed beds of
volcanic ash.
The economic products of the Devonian series, exclusive of minerals (which will be noticed in
a separate article), consist principally of slate and limestone. The latter is burnt at Combmartin,
Ilfracombe, and throughout South Devon, for purposes of agriculture, building, &c. ; whilst the finer
qualities, known under the name of South Devon marbles, occur at Plymouth, St. Mary Church, near
Torquay, Ipplepen, Chudleigh, and several other localities. They receive a high polish, and present
a great variety, both of marking and colouring. They are extensively employed in church archi-
tecture, as well as for monuments, chimney-pieces, vases, and small ornaments of all descriptions.
Their unequal mineralisation and the presence of soft veins, unfits them for external work, as they
rapidly disintegrate on exposure, when the polished surface becomes dull and full of fissures
or cracks.
The Devonian slates are used as flag-stones, billiard tables, chimney-pieces, and roofing-slates ,
though for the latter purpose they are generally found to be inferior to those of Delabole in Cornwall,
and have, therefore, at the present time, little more than a local demand. At Yeolm Bridge, near
Launceston, the slates exhibit, when cut, waves or stripes of different colours, rendering them well
adapted for chimney-pieces. East of Dartmoor roofing slates are obtained at Ashburton ; on the
south at Ivy Bridge, Buckland-tout-saints, and Kingsbridge; and on the vest at Cann quarry, near
Bickley, Mill Hill quarry near Tavistock, &c. In North Devon some of the Morthoe slates have
locally been used for roofing, but are of a very indifferent quality.
Carboniferous System. — This system, as exhibited in Devonshire, consists of carboniferous
shales, mountain limestone, and millstone grit, this last largely predominating. The whole series
occupies a trough-shaped depression, bounded both on the north and south by Devonian slates, and
measuring at right angles to tlie general line of strike, thirty-six miles in Avidth at the broadest part
and twenty-two at the narrowest. The northern limit passes very nearly along the line of the Devon
and Somerset Railway from Barnstaple to Dulverton, whilst that on the south is broken and inter-
rupted by the granite of Dartmoor, which it surrounds on three sides. On the east it is cut off by
the overlying triassic deposits, and on the west by Barnstaple Bay and the Atlantic. The centre of
this great district is composed of millstone grit, bordered both north and south by the carboniferous
limestone and shales. The transition from the Upper Devonian slates to the lower carboniferous
shales is hidden almost everywhere along the northern boundary by detritus and superficial deposits ;
and apart from this, the petrological difference between the two rocks is so imperceptible near the line
64 Creoloft-y oi* Jt>cvoii}-»liire.
of boundary, that it is only by a careful examination of the fossils tliat the passage from one system to
another can be observed. Thus, immediately north of Barnstaple the slates are full of the numerous
and well-defined Upper Devonian fossils, which have already been noticed ; and south of the town, in
the railway cutting at the Junction station, the slates are to all appearance precisely similar, but the
total absence of all the typical Pilton fossils and the jiresence of a few well-known carboniferous
species is sufficient to indicate a transition into another system of rocks. On the south also the exact
junction with the Devonian is rendered most obscure, though from a different cause. Many inter-
bedded trappean ]-ocks and ash beds exist in both formations, and have effected an alteration to some
extent in ejich, rendering their separation very difficult. The fossils of the carboniferous shales are
few in number, and usually in a bad state of preservation. Intermixed with these shales occur the
bands of limestone, which appear as the representatives of the great series of mountain limestone of
Derbyshire, Yorkshire, and the north of England. They extend in a narrow band from Bampton to
Fremington, near Barnstaple ; and are Avorked at several intermediate localities, such as South Mol-
ton, Swimbridge, and Venn quarry, near Landkey. Throiigliout their course the beds are violently
and variously contorted, and the list of fossils occurring in them is limited in number to some eleven
or twelve species. At Venn and Swimbridge the characteristic fossils are : — Posidonomya JJecheri,
Posidonomya lateralis, Cdymenia, Goniatites spiralis, and Belleroplion striatus.
The limestones on the south are worked near Launceston, Lew Trenchard, Bridestow, South
Tawton, Drewsteignton, and several other places. Here also Posidonomija is the characteristic shell.
In close proximity to the limestone are beds of a whitish shale, passing occasionally into a substance
resembling porcelainite, with beds and veins of a hard white or grey chert. These are well seen at
St. Stephen's Hill near Launceston, and at Coddon Hill near Barnstaple, Avhere the remains of crinoidal
stems and goniatites have been found. From Coddon Hill, 628 feet in height, as a centre, a small range
of hills stretches on either side to Castle Hill on the east, and Fremington on the west, which, by their
peculiar, rounded contours, as well as by the contortions to which the adjoining rocks have been
subjected, suggest that some deep-seated but imseen igneous action has taken place since the depo-
sition of the strata. The succeeding millstone grits occupy the remainder of the district. They are
composed of beds of hard grits, altei-nating with slates and shales, forming a series of anticlinals and
synclinals, with contortions in every possible direction. The coast line in general presents a splendid
series of cliff*, those near Clovelly and Hartland being especially remarkable, not only for their height,
but also for the manner in which the beds have been dislocated, crumpled up, overturned, and contorted.
On the exposed surflices of the beds are frequently found ripple marks, similar in appearance to
those left at the present day by the receding tide on a sandy beach. The grits of the series form good
building and road material. They are too hard to yield to the chisel, but as they occur in thin beds
intersected by numerous joints and planes of cleavage, the stone readily comes out of the quarry in
blocks of a convenient size and shape for the mason's use. The natural faces of the stone are nearly
always covered with a superficial metallic coating which, without affecting its durability, produces a
variety in its colouring, and, as may be seen at the various stations along the North Devon Eailway,
gives a good effect to the building, Avhen relieved with dressings of freestone or white brick.
The soil of the district is usually poor, and tracts of moorland with sterile clays are not uncommon.
The ferruginous matter in the soil coming in contact with the roots of the oak ]:)roduces, as was first
observed by Sedgwick and Murchison, small streamlets of a natural ink, which discolour the deep
cuttings by the sides of the roads. Several intermittent beds of anthracite, or culm as it is locally
called, traverse the millstone grit from Greenacliff, near Bideford, to Umberleigh Station, and sufficient
fuel was formerly raised in this locality to burn the limestone brought from South Wales. The
adjoining slates are in many places almost vertical ; but there are also several anticlinals. A hard
quartziferous sandstone almost approaching a quartzite occurs near an outcrop of a vein containing
iron ore and manganese at Greenacliff, and on the south of it the nests or bunches of anthracite
afford good specimens of Pecopteris, Calamitcs and Lepidodendron. At Pitt quarry, in the parish wi
of Abbotshani, a great varletj'^ of characteristic plants, including the rare Bowmanites or fruit of theH
calamite, have been found in the grits adjoining the culm bands. Still proceeding eastward, at Bide-
ford may be seen, a few yards north of the new railway station, some black shales forming the outcrop
of the veins which, until a very recent period, were worked to a considerable extent. The ruins of
the old engine house still remain, and about a mile to the east the present works are carried on for
the purpose of obtaining the softer varieties of anthracite, which, ground to a powder, are sold as a
pigment under the name of ' Bideford black,'
From this to Alverdiscott and Hiscott the direction of the beds may be traced by the bands of
black soil, and by the numerous old workings which were probably used about the end of the last,
and the beginning of the present, century. At Hiscott, near Tawstock, almost in the middle of the
beds, there are two veins, nine feet in thickness ; the produce formerly amounted to upwards of 900
bushels per week, but the workings Avere discontinued about the year 1800, on account of the;
difficulty of keeping out the water. The termination of the beds is seen associated with grits in a|
1
<3reolog,*y of I>evoiisliii:*e. Go
roadside cutting at the top of Hawkridge Wood, near Umberleigh Station. Here there are sand-
stones and shales containing plant remains, but in a bad state of preservation. In the wood between
the road and the river Taw, the bed has also been extensively worked. The whole length of the
series, as measured on the Ordnance Map, is twelve miles and a-half. A list of the fossils found in the
j North Devon culm beds includes one single shell of the genus Anthracosia, and twenty-six species of
plants, belonging principally to Asterophyllites, Calamites, Lepidodendron, Neuropteris, PecopteriSj
Sigillaria, Sphenopteris, Sphenophyllum, Sternbergia, and Stigmaria. With the exception of these
vegetable remains, peculiar to the anthracite beds, fossils are exceedingly rare in the millstone grit
series. Calamites and fems have been found at Drewsteignton, and Goniatites Listeri at Instow,
where the remains of two species o£ fish have also quite recently been discovered. One of these
measures six inches from the nose to the extremit}^ of the tail, and appears to be a new species of
Ccelacanthus. The other has been referred by Dr. Traquair to the genus Elonichthys^ and is also as
yet undescribed. It may be added that up to the present time the carboniferous shales, mountain
limestone, and millstone grit of Devonshire have yielded collectively, probably not more than fifty
species of fossils ; whilst, according to a census made by Mr. Etheridge, the carboniferous system in
Great Britain possesses a flora and fauna amounting to a total of 1741 species.
Having already noticed the contortions by which the carboniferous rocks have been disturbed,
we must now briefly mention the great outburst of igneous matter which took place during this
period, and which probably continued to exert its influence long after its close. Beds of trappean rocks
occur near the junction of the carboniferous and Devonian series in the neighbourhood of Launceston,
and similar bands are found skirting each side of Dartmoor, extending also amongst the Devonian
I rocks of South Devon, in a very large number of places. Some of these igneous rocks have been
shown to be contemporary with the formation of the beds in which they occur, but many others, and
especially those in proximity to some of the limestones, are clearly intrusive, and must have been
thrust into joints and fissures after the Devonian rocks had become consolidated. Many of the. small
conical hills in South Devon will be found to contain a nucleus of trap, and derive their form to a
great extent to this cause.
The principal centre of volcanic action during the carboniferous period appears to have been at
Brent Tor, four miles north of Tavistock. This singular hill, 1] 14 feet above sea-level, rises up fi-om a
plane, and stands apart from any other elevated ground, resembling in many respects some of the ex-
tinct volcanoes of the Ehine and Eifel. It is almost circular in shape and is surmounted by the
small church dedicated to Saint Michael, which forms a well-known landmark to the sailor, and a
most conspicuous object to the traveller on Dartmoor, or the Cornish moors for many miles round.
The origin of its name has been ascribed by the Saxon brennan, to burn, from the fact of its being
anciently used as a beacon light, although it seems more probable to suppose that the title of the
* burnt' tor or hill was conferred on it on account of the masses of cinders and lava with which it is
covered. The whole of the summit is occupied by the little church and churchyard (which doth
hardly afford depth of earth to bury the dead, as Risdon observed before 1630), and no trace of a
crater is visible. Immediately west of the church the rock is hard and compact, but on the sides it
is highly vesicular, approaching almost to pumice ; the scoriaceous lava also passes into an amygdaloid,
the cavities being either partially or entirely filled with carbonate of lime.
In North Devon there is a general absence of dykes and ash beds in the millstone grit, and no
clear evidence of igneous action during this period. Near the junction of the Devonian and carboni-
ferous slates, near Fremington Station, there is a small dyke two feet in width, but the age both of this
and the line of disturbance along the Coddon Hill range may possibly belong to some later upheaval
in connection with the granite of Dartmoor and Lundy.
Granite. — The granite of Dartmoor forms the largest and most easterly of the six great pro-
trusions of this rock in the West of England. Between Dartmoor and the Scilly Islands there are
four principal masses of granite, situated at Brown Willy near Camelford, Hensbarrow near St.
Austell, Carn Minelez near Penryn, and the Land's End, which together with several small outlying
patches form a sort of backbone or ridge running through the centre of Devon and Cornwall. Another
outlier is seen at Lundy Island, 37 miles from the nearest portion of Brown Willy. The granite of
Dartmoor occupies an area measuring 22 miles from north to south, and 18 miles from east to
west in its widest part. Most of the district consists of high moorland, rising to an elevation of 1802
feet at Cawsand Beacon, 2050 feet at Yes Tor, 2000 at Amicombe Hill, 1925 at Newlake Hill, 1760
at Great Miss Tor, and 1563 at Rippon Tor. Amongst this range of hills the following rivers take
their source :— Taw, East and West Okement, Yealm, Plym, North and South Teign, Erme, Dart,
Avon or Atme, and Tavy. Large tracts of bog and peat are freqtient, even at the highest parts of
the range, such as the top of Cawsand. The granite is usually coarse-grained with well defined
crystals of felspar, sometimes attaining a length of as much as three inches. Tourmaline or schorl
is abundant, especially on the outskirts of the moor, where it either forms veins, or enters into the
composition of the rock, replacing the mica. Red granite occurs near Bovey Tracey, and Trowle-
E
66 Greolo^y of I>evoii»liire;
worthy Tor, about 3 miles from Bickley Station, whilst some of a white colour, almost resembling
statuary marble in appearance, is found in the valley o£ the West Okement, near Okehampton. The
ordinary porphyritic granite disintegrates readily on the surface, forming a small gravelly detritus,
and sometimes as at Lustleigh leaving the more solid portions in spheroidal masses, which when dis-
connected from the parent rock may readily be mistaken for boulders. The tendency to decay along
certain lines of joints is a characteristic common alike to Dartmoor, Lundy, and the Cornish granites,
giving it the appearance of a stratified rock when these joints are horizontal. This structure is fre-
quently seen on the exposed summits of the hills, and is the origin of the singular shape of many of
the * Tors,' and called cheese wrings.
The Dartmoor granite has been largely employed for building purposes from the earliest times,
and in most of the churches in the vicinity the pillars, arches, and windows are entirely composed of
it. The extensive works at Hay Tor supplied the stone used in the construction of London Bridge,
and were connected with the Stover Canal by the first tramway made in the county. It consisted of
flat blocks of granite, worked with grooves to receive tlie wheels of the trucks, and was opened in
1820. The granitoid rock known as ' elvan ' is also much used for building, and the stone from the
quarries on Eoborough Down, near Plymouth, has been in great request for several centuries. This
substance is found in veins or dykes, traversing the granite and slates, extending often for a consider-
able distance, and forming to some extent connecting links between the various granitic districts.
That these dykes belong to a later period than the granite is shown by the manner in which they
intersect it, and that they derive their origin from a common source is equally manifest from the
similarity of their chemical composition. The geological age of the elvans and granite of Dartmoor
occupies a place in the long interval between the close of the carboniferous period and the deposition
of the red conglomerates of the triassic series ; the evidence of the antiquity of the granite being
found in the first place in the fact that the triassic conglomerates overlying the carboniferous series
have been ascertained to contain, in certain localities, pebbles and fragments of each of the threa
varieties of gvanite occurring in Dartmoor. On the other hand, the modern limit is shown by the
veins which the great mass of granite has thrust forth in many places along its borders into the ad-
joining carboniferous slates, causing them to become partially metamorphosed or altered by heat, for
some little distance. These veins are perhaps best seen at Whiddon Park, and Hunt's Tor intheTeign
valley, not far from Chagford, where they range in width from a quarter of an inch to twenty feet.
Whether the porphyritic varieties can be proved to be less ancient than the schorlaceous may be a
matter of doubt, but the fact still remains that the granite was in a sufiicient state of fusion to pour
forth its veins into the already consolidated slates of the carboniferous period, and after its upheaval,
and after a long lapse of time, during which its surface was denuded of overlying rocks, it at length
became exposed to view, and in its turn helped to supply some of the materials to form the con-
glomerates of the triassic series.
With the exception of the Scilly Isles, Lundy is the only island of any size belonging to the'
shores of the West of England. It forms the most distant outlier of the granite of Devon and Corn-
wall, and is also of special interest as showing the manner in which the adjoining slates have been
abruptly cut off, almost at a right angle to their line of strike. The following particulars relating to
it were obtained during a survey made by the author in 1870. (' Tran-s. Devon. Assoc. ' vol. iv. pp.
612,624.) 'From north to south the island measures three miles in length, and its width in the
greatest part is one mile. The Trinity Lighthouse occupies the loftiest point on the island, with a
height of 567 feet above the sea, the level of the upper revolving light being 540 feet, and the lower
lantern at the basement 470 feet. The whole surface is elevated table land, and very precipitous on
the western or Atlantic side. On the east is a succession of dells and fern-covered slopes termi-
nating in a lower range of cliffs along the water's edge. Tibbet Hill, in the north-west, is only
about ten feet less in height than the one on which the lighthouse is built. The south-east corner of
the island, to which the slate formation is confined, is the same elevation as the adjoining granite
along the line of junction, near the remains of Marisco Castle ; but as it extends eastward, it suddenly
becomes less lofty, and continues to diminish in a series of gradations, until it terminates in Rat
Island, which is separated from the mainland at high water. This south-east prolongation of the
slates afifords a certain amount of shelter from the prevalent south-west drift of the Atlantic, and at
this point is a small beach, forming the only available landing place. The beach is principally com-
posed of the debris of the adjoining slates, intermixed with occasional pebbles of granite, blue grit,
quartz, and elvans or porphyries of several varieties.
' The soundings around the island, as laid down on the Admiralty chart, show great irregularities
in the form of the sea bed, and no apparent indication of the probable distance to which the granite
extends beneath the sea. With the exception of two banks, one called the east, and the other the
north-west bank (covered by a minimum depth of six fathoms of water), the various soundings within
the distance of one mile around the island range from an average of 10 to 15 fathoms along the
shore, deepening in some places to 28 fathoms.
Greolog'y of DevoMLsHire. 67
* Notwithstanding the height of the land, there are springs issuing out of the granite in almost
every part of the island, and one of the most elevated portions is covered with a small tract of bog.
The soil principally consists of the detritus of the granite, together with black vegetable mould, formed
by the decay of successive growths of heather and fern.'
Along the western cliffs is a remarkable slip or dislocation o£ the rocks, traditionally said to
have occurred simultaneously with the earthquake of Lisbon, November 1, 1755, but which no doubt
is originally due to some still greater disturbance in prehistoric times, the earthquake of 1755 pro-
bably causing a further displacement of the granite masses already loosened and ready to fall, and thus
affording a not unreasonable ground on which to establish the tradition of the place. The dislocation
of the strata extends for nearly three miles, in one instance dividing into two distinct lines of deep
fissures parallel to each other, and about 70 or 80 feet apart, the intervening mass of rock
being also split up, and depressed to the extent of from 15 to 20 feet. In connection with this
fissure and apparently due to the same cause, aided by the decomposition of two small trap dykes, is a
singular quadrangular opening 370 feet in depth, locally known as the Devil's Limekiln.
In its structure the granite of Lundy does not materially differ from the other isolated masses in
Devon and Cornwall, except that the large felspar crystals, so common on Dartmoor, are usually
absent. Schorl is far fi*om abundant as a component, but there are occasionally thin veins of a fine-
grained granitic substance (eurite) traversing the rock. The quarries formerly worked by the
Lundy Granite Company yielded a large portion of the stone used in the earlier works of the Thames
Embankment, and from its excellent quality it was, also in considerable demand for kerb-stones.
Numerous dykes of greenstone penetrate both the granite and slate, but especially along the eastern
shore ; a very conspicuous one traverses the slates near the landing place, standing up in the form of a
perpendicular wall, about eight feet in thickness, whilst in close proximity are several beautiful
porphyries of various kinds. Some of the dykes intersecting the granite decompose freely on the
surface, weathering occasionally into nodular masses with a concentric structure, resembling the onion
stones found in the basaltic districts of the North of Ireland.
Triassic Series. — In the probable absence of any representative of the Permian beds in this
county, the marls, sandstones, and conglomerates of the Triassic period claim our next attention. The
district occupied by these and the overlying cretaceous deposits includes the south-eastern portion of
the county, extending from a little north-east of Tiverton to Torbay. From this line a long projecting
strip or tongue runs westward by Crediton and North Tawton, to Jacobstow, and immediately beyond
is a small outlying patch at Hatherleigh. The best section of the triassic series is presented by the
cliffs along the coast line from the mouth of the river Axe to the middle of Torbay, the regular
succession of beds being interrupted only by the chalk of Beer Head, and the insulated mass of
Devonian slate and limestone between Torquay and St. Mary Church. Besides this main body,
several small outliers are found at various places along other portions of the coast, indicating the
large area once covered by this series. Thus, the outliers at Portledge and Peppercombe in Barnstaple
Bay may be regarded as a continuation of that at Hatherleigh, from which they are more than fifteen
miles distant, and beyond the abrupt termination of the trias cliffs in Torbay several small patches
are left to show its former prolongation southward. Along the south coast of Devon there are also
three very distant outliers of the same rock, situated respectively at Slapton in Start Bay, Thurlestone
in Bigbury Bay, and at Cawsand, near Plymouth. The whole series is made up of marls, sandstones,
conglomerates and breccias, the pebbles and angular fragments in the two latter being usually derived
from the adjacent older beds, and thus amongst their contents are included fragments of limestone,
sandstone, Devonian and carboniferous rocks, together with granite, and a red or flesh-coloured
variety of felspar called Murchisonite, which is probably Dartmoor felspar, coloured by the infiltra-
tion of iron from the red rocks.
^ The Triassic series on the Continent consists, as is well known, and as its name implies, of three
distinct formations : the Keuper, Muschelkalk, and Bunter ; but of these the Muschelkalk is generally
supposed to be unrepresented in England, and in the midland counties the Keuper reposes uncon-
formably upon the Bunter. In Devonshire the almost total absence of organic remains has long
rendered any attempt at subdivision a matter of extreme difficulty, and it has even been a question
whether some of the lower breccias may not belong to a Permian age. The only certain limit is to be
found amongst the highest members of the series which are seen to pass conformably upwards into the
lias. A little lower in the scale are also beds which have been identified as corresponding with the water-
stones of Cheshire, also belonging to the Keuper. Associated with these beds, Mr. W. Whitaker, of
the Geological Survey, discovered in 1868 the jaw of a small reptile {Hyperodapedon) , and in 1875
Mr. H. Lavis obtained some remains at Picket rocks, west of Sidmouth, described by Professor
Seeley as belonging to the Lahrintlwdon. In the following year Mr. Ussher, of the Geological
Survey, who had been for some time engaged in re-surveying this part of the coimty, read an important
paper to the Geological Society {Qiiarterli/ Journal^ vol. xxxii. p. 367), in which he proposed the
division of the triassic rocks into five groups, taking as his basis four typical localities, one being the
68 GJ-eology of" Devonsliire.
coast section already referred to, another across the valley of Burlescombe, about twenty miles inland,
and the remaining two in Somersetshire.
The beds along the coast section are thus described: —
1 . (Upper) red variegated marls, veins of gypsum, calcareous in upper and middle beds, loamy
and sometimes passing into rock-sand in bottom beds.
2. (Upper) red sandstones and rock-sand, in places with calcareous nodules, mottled greyish, and
containing bands and pockets of red clay, slightly conglomeratic at about sixty feet from bottom.
o. Pebble beds of Budleigli Salterton, large ellipsoidal pebbles, mostly quartzite (foreign deriva-
tion) in red sand matrix, with impersistent beds and bands of rock-sand.
4. Red variegated marls, slightly calcareous above, loamy below, and containing beds of sand-
stone often impersistent. Brickpits in soil at Exmouth.
5. Faulted against No. 4. Breccias of angular stones in red rock-sand as at Exmouth and
Dawlish ; with intercalated rock-sands near the latter, and underlying rock- sands at Dawlish. Hard
thick bedded breccias of Teignmouth, breccias, breccio-conglomerates and variegated sands of Tor-
quay and Paignton (at Exeter brecciated loamy clay, with beds of sandstone).
Summing up the thickness of these several beds, Mr. Ussher gives the following as
maximum : —
Upper marls ...... 1350 feet.
Upper sandstone . . . . . 530 „
Conglomerates . . . . . 100 „
Lower marls ...... 600 „
Lower sandstone and breccia . . . 1000 „
Of this estimate of 3580 feet it will be seen that the upper marls and sandstones, which are evidently
of Keuper age, constitute 1880 feet. In a later communication (' Trans. Devon. Assoc. 1877 ') the
same author proposes to divide the remaining or infra-Keuper beds into two groups, as —
Middle Trias : — Marls and passage marls and sandstones.
Lower Trias: — Sandstones (locally clays) and breccia, and breccio-conglomerate ; an inter-
changeable series.
Of these he considers the upper part as of Muschelkalk age, without implying that it is the strati-
graphical equivalent to that formation alone, for part of the Lower Trias might have been contem-
porary with its earlier stages. The latter group he has very little hesitation in regarding as in part or
altogether representative of the Bunter.
The pebbles found in the conglomerate bed No. 3 are deserving of special remark, as they
aftbrd an exception to the general rule that the materials forming the triassic conglomerates were
obtained from the destruction of adjacent rocks. These pebbles consist of an extremely hard quartzi-
ferous sandstone or quartzite, and at Budleigh Salterton form a bed upwards of a hundred feet in
thickness. The locality from which' they have been transported is, and probably long wiU be, a
matter for speculation, since they contain a mixture of Silurian and Devonian fossils, many belonging
to species unknown elsewhere, either in England or the Continent. In some parts of the Devon and
Cornish coasts, such as the vicinity of Torbay and Gorran Haven, near Mevagissy, quartziferous rooks
have been found, presenting much lithological resemblance to the Budleigh pebbles, and several of the
characteristic fossils of the latter have recently been discovered in them. In 1863 the late Mr. Salter
first described and figured many of the species which had been obtained by the exertions of Mr.
W. Vicary, of Exeter, and considered them as identical with the deposits of May, near Caen, in
Normandy, and equivalent in age to our Caradoc or Lower Silurian. A few years later Mr. David-
son was able to show that the Brachiopods, thirty-seven in number, included also a large proportion
of Devonian species occurring in a similar quartzite, though not in the same pebbles. As a coincidence,
it may be mentioned that in Normandy and Brittany there is an intimate resemblance between the
quartzites of the Silurian and Devonian series, and that one of the most abundant fossils, Orthis
redux, is also equally abundant at Budleigh. Taking into account the presence of quartzites in Devon
and Cornwall, and the possibility of the metamorphic locks of the Start district belonging to Silurian
age, the presence of the Budleigh pebbles may be accounted for without the necessity of the conclu-
sion that they must have travelled from Normandy, on the supposition that in pre-triassic times
reefs of Silurian and Devonian rocks extended southwards toAvards the coast of France, over an area
now occupied by the Channel ; and that the destruction of these afforded for a limited time the
material from which the pebble bed has been derived. Amongst the many fossils found in the pebbles
may be mentioned Tr achy derma serrata, Homalonotus Bronr/niarti, Calymene Tristani, Phacops
incertus, Linr/ula Lesueuri, Ortlds redux, Orthis Valpi/ana, Spirifera Veniemiii, llliyiichonella inaurita,
Froductus Vicaryi Modiolopsis armorici^ Pte7'inea, Aviculop)ecien^ &c.
•The soil overlying the red sandstone and marls is usually deep, rich, and fertile. Some of the
conglomerates afford fair road materials; but, except in the vicinity of the trappcan rocks, building
Greology of" I>evoiisliire. 69
stone is scarce, and not remarkable for durability. The clays afford abundant supplies for brick-
making, and a deposit o£ very fine quality at Watcombe, near Torquay, is in great demand for terra-
cotta and ornamental pottery, having produced, according to Mr. E. Appleton, upwards of £10,000
value of art manufactures in one year.
The igneous rocks of the triassic series consist generally of felstones, felspathic traps and basalts,
thus presenting a marked difference when compared with the diorites and hornblendic greenstones of
the older periods. They occur as beds and in large irregular masses, associated with the .triassic
rocks at or near their base, especially in localities situated along the line of junction with the carbo-
niferous slates. At \Yaslifield, near Tiverton, the first principal mass is seen, extending about two and
a half miles to Loxbere. The remains of the Castle of Exeter, originally known as Kougemont, or
the Ked Mount, stand upon a porphyritic rock of the same age, and the material from which the
ancient walls were constructed was probably obtained on the spot. It occupies an almost central
position between the three largest volcanic outbursts. The first of these at Killerton Park is itself
surrounded by several smaller beds in the neighbourhood of Silverton, Thorverton, and Raddon.
The two other principal seats of igneous action appear to have been at Dunchidiock, near Haldon,
and Posbury Hill, near Crediton. From this latter point several beds extend at intervals along the
borders of the narrow strip of trias to Jacobstow. A similar felspathic trap is also associated with the
small outlier of triassic conglomerate already noticed as occurring in Cawsand Bay, near Plymouth.
These rocks are usually of a dark brown or red colour, and vary in structure from a compact basalt to
porphyritic trap, sometimes vesicular or amygdaloidal, and occasionally passing into ash beds and
volcanic sand, the same quarry frequently affording examples of the transition from one variety to
another, the interior of the mass being compact, and the external portions vesicular or amygda-
loidal. At Pocombe, near Exeter, small white veins traverse the rock, forming a network of calcareous
matter ; and both here, and in most of the localities, it is extensively employed for building stone.
Lias. — Beds of this series extend along the cliffs from Culverhole Point, near Axmouth, for some
three or four miles to the boundary of Dorset, and thence eastward by Lyme Regis to Bridport. The
passage beds between the Upper Keuper and the Lias consist of the Rha^tic or Penarth beds, and the
bone bed, the latter containing numerous remains of fish. Teeth of Hyhodus pltcatilis, Saurichthys
apicalis, with a scale of Gyrolepis tenuistriatus from Axmouth, are figured in Sir C. Lyell's ' Elements
of Geology ; ' but most of the well-known gigantic reptiles belonging to the Liassic series, such as
Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaumis, occur at Lyme Regis, in Dorsetshire.
Cretaceous.- — The cretaceous series, as seen in Devonshire, consist of gault, greensand, and chalk,
resting unconformably upon the denuded surfaces of the older rocks — the whole of the intermediate
formations, comprising the Lower, Middle, and Upper Oolites, with the Wealden, having no repre-
sentatives in the county. The district occupied by greensand may be referred to two principal areas.
The first commences at the Black Down Hills, which divide Devonshire and Somersetshire, and thence
extends southward to Sidmoutli and its neighbourhood. The second area is formed of several detached
patches, commencing at Great and Little Haldon, and terminating at Milber Down, near Newton
Abbott. Greensand is also marked on the Survey maps as found on both sides of the Bovey basin,
although the gravels in this instance appear to belong to a more recent period. An outlying patch at
Black Hill, near Exmouth. may be regarded as an intermediate link connecting the two areas, whilst
the probable extension of the same deposits westward is marked by far distant outliers of cretaceous
gravel, with flints and chert, resting on the millstone grit, in the parish of Langtree, near Torrington,
thirty miles from the nearest point of Haldon ; and again six miles further at Orleigh Court, near
Bideford. In the northern part of the district chalk is found in several small isolated masses, in the
neighbourhood of Black Down ; whilst along the coast it extends from Penliay to Axmouth, again
appearing at Beer Head, Branscombe, and Salcombe, this last being its most westerly known limit in
England. From a thickness of some 200 feet in Hampshire, the LoAver Chalk thins gradually away
as it extends westward, until it finally dies out beyond Beer Head, and beds of Upper Chalk are
consequently found directly superimposed upon the Upper Greensand, an occurrence which Mr.
Whitaker believes has not been before noticed in this country. At Beer Head the cretaceous series
occupies a depression in the triassic rocks, and affords probably the best typical section cf the various
deposits. Mr. C. J. A. Meyer (' Quarterly Journal Geological Society,' vol. xxx. pp. 370, 393)
divides the series into the following principal subdivisions : —
Upper Chalk (in part).
Middle Chalk. ^
Lower Chalk.
Chalk Marl.
Chloritic Marl.
Upper Greensand. >,
Gault (the equivalent also in part of the Black Down beds). .
70 Greolo^y of Devonsliire.
These are in turn subdivided into twenty beds, each marked by its own characteristic fossils. Copious
lists of these are given by Mr. Meyer, and to his pajier, as well as to one by Mr. W. Whitaker in the
8anie journal (vol. xxvii. pp. 97-100), we must refer the reader for further information on the
subject, as our limited space must necessarily be devoted to those formations more especially dis-
tinctive of the county, and which therefore possess a more local interest.
The principal economic products of the cretaceous series consist of the scythe stones of the
greensand, and the freestone of the chalk beds of Beer. The former are found along the weL*,ern
escarpment of the Black Down Hills, and at the time of Sir H. Be la Beche's report afforded occupation
to many persons in the parishes of Kentisbeare, Broadhembury, and Payhembury. The hard, irregular
concretions occur in layers in a loose sand, and are worked by means of levels or horizontal galleries,
the refuse heaps of which form a striking object along the sides of the hills.
The Beer stone is found above the Chalk Marl, and at the base of the Lower Chalk. It is also
worked by means of subterranean galleries, and for a long period, dating probably from Norman
times, has been extensively used as freestone in churches and other buildings. It is of a yellowish-
white colour, rapidly becoming hard on exposure to the air, and can scarcely be distinguished in
many churches from Caen stone.
Miocene. — Leaving the cretaceous series, and passing the whole of the eocene deposits, unrepre-
sented in Devonshire, we come to the lignite beds of Bovey, which, next to the rocks of the Devonian
series, may be regarded as one of the chief geological specialities of the county. This deposit is
lacustrine and fresh- water in its origin, and occupies a valley or basin measuring about eight fiiiles
in length, and three and a half miles in breadth in its greatest width. The lignite appears to have
been employed as fuel in the early part of the eighteenth century, though from its offensive smell it
Avas used for little else than baking the clay at the neighbouring potteries. From the year 1761,
when Dr. J. Miller contributed a paper to the ' Philosophical Transactions,* entitled, " Eemarks on
Bovey Coal,' it is frequently mentioned as one of the economic products of Devonshire ; and just a
hundred years later, by the munificence of the Baroness Burdett Coutts, a systematic investigation of
the lignite deposit was conducted by Mr. W. Pengelly. The various plant remains were afterwards
submitted to the Rev. Professor Heer, of Zurich, a well-known authority on the miocene flora of his
native country; and the results appeared in the 'Phil. Trans. Royal Society for 1862,' Mr. Pengelly
contributing the geological and Professor Heer the botanical portions of the memoir respectively.
A section made in the south w^all of the coal pit near Bovey, a large open working about 1000
feet in length, showed a series of 72 beds, consisting of sand, clay and lignite, with a total thickness of
125 feet. The head or uppermost bed was composed of sandy clay, with a large number of angular
stones, and from its contents was shown to belong to a very different period, which will be noticed
presently. The underlying series, for a thickness of 53 feet, is made up of nine different beds of
lignite, Avith three beds of sand, and thirteen of clay. Forming the base of this upper division is a
bed of sand 11 feet in thickness. Beneath this no sand is found, but twenty-two beds of lignite,
alternating in regular order with twenty-three clay beds. Five of the beds in the first division yield
plant remains more or less abundantly, one of them being a clay bed and the rest lignite. In the
lower division one clay bed and nine of the lignite beds afford similar fossils. In addition to the
measurement obtained in this section, the lignite beds have been traced to a considerably greater
depth ; and by estimating the displacement caused by a fault a short distance east of the pit, it is
probable that the aggregate thickness of the true Bovey deposit may be taken as not less than 309 feet.
With the exception of a fragment of a beetle, no animal remains have been discovered ; but of
the fifty species of fossil plants determined by Professor Heer, tAventy-six proved to be new to
science, nineteen were recognised as well-known in the Miocene of the Continent, and five Avere of
doubtful determination, but probably also of Miocene age. Amongst the neAv species are the abun-
dant remains of a large coniferous tree Sequoia Couttsiw, closely allied to the Wellingtoma gigantea of
California. It is found in the loAvest as Avell as the highest fossiliferous beds, and in one instance its
fragments form a mat, together Avith those of a fern, Pecopteris lignitwn. Other remarkable plants
include two species of cinnamon, three of fig, seeds of the vine and Avater lilly, Anona or custard
apple, a climbing palm, similar to the Rottang of the East Indies, Palmacitis Dcemonorops^ dryandras,
eucalyptus, oak and laurel, together Avith several species of fern, especially TMstrcea stiriaca and
Pecopteris lignitum^ the Avhole flora indicating a luxuriant vegetable growth in a warm though not
necessarily tropical climate. By regarding the Bovey basin as the site in Miocene times of a fresh-
Avater lake, fed by streams which drained the north-eastern portions of Dartmoor, the source of so
large a quantity of vegetable matter must have been derived from forests of Sequoia and other trees,
Avith an undergroAvth of ferns, which then clothed the hills and valleys along the present Teign and
Bovey rivers, with their numerous small tributaries. That the sands and clays are also mainly
derived from the granitic district of Dartmoor is shown not only by the quartzose nature of the sand,
and by the presence of angular fragments of felspar, but also by the thinning out of the sand and
clay beds as they extend eastward. The greater purity of the clays towards King's Teignton led Sir
Oeolouj-y of Devonshire. 71
H. Dela Beche to infer that the quartzose parts of the decomposed granite were sooner brought to rest
than the decomposed felspar, which was borne onwards until it could quietly settle in the same manner
that similar china clay is artificially prepared in the south parts of Dartmoor and in Cornwall — by
turning streams of water upon decomposed granite.
Post Tertiary. — At the close of the Miocene we find another of the great gaps so frequent in
the chronology of the Devonshire rocks. In this instance the whole of the Pliocene deposits are
wanting, and the next in order indicates a great change in the climate and conditions of the county.
The lied of sands and clays, with angular fragments of stone, already noticed as overlying the Bovey
beds, is distinguished fi^-om them by the fact that it rests unconformably upon a denuded surface of the
Miocene series, and was deposited subsequent to the movement by which they were faulted ; the dis-
placement of the latter having been covered over by the deposition of the former. The absence in
the upper bed of all the luxuriant miocene flora, and the presence of species which are only kno^\Ti
to be Alpine or almost Arctic in their nature, proves the gradual refrigeration which had taken place
in the intervening period. The plants found at depths varying from one to ten feet, and identified by
Professor Heer, included two or three species of willow, and the dwarf birch, Betula nana, the
geographical distribution of which is at the present time limited to Scotland and other northern
districts. Some of the drift and gravels of the surrounding hills and of other parts of south-east
Devonshire, may probably belong also to this period, although it appears at present almost impossible
to obtain any satisfactory classification of them in the order of their succession. They are formed for
the most part of the rounded fragments of adjacent rocks, and occur at levels varying from the sum-
mits of the hills down to the valleys of the Dart, Teign, Exe, Tavy, Taw, and other rivers. It is
probable that some of the cretaceous gravels near Newton Abbott, and in proximity to the Bovey
basin, hitherto marked in the maps of the geological survey as greensand, may also be reconstructed
deposits belonging to this age.
The great ice-sheets which in the glacial period covered the northern part of England and
Wales, are not generally supposed to have extended south of the Bristol Channel, and the character-
istic furrows and scratches made by the friction of glaciers against the sides of valleys, so commonly
met with in the north of England and Wales, have not yet been positively identified in Devonshire.
If such markings ever were formed, they may have been rapidly efiaced, owing to the soft nature of
the slate and the tendency of granite to become disintegrated on the surface; but an intimate
acquaintance with the effects of ice-action in Alpine regions enables me to say that in various
parts of both Dartmoor and Exmoor there are collections of stones and debris, similar in every
respect to those composing the moraines of modern glaciers, and valleys which have evidently been
shaped by glacial agency. In the report of the committee appointed by the British Association
for the purpose of ascertaining the existence in diiFerent parts of the United Kingdom of any erratic
blocks or boulders, will be found notices of several instances of transported stones in this county.
At Waddeton Court, near Dartmouth, a group of new red sandstone boulders are found reposing on
the slate at elevations varying from 18 to nearly 200 feet above the level of the sea. At Harberton,
near Totnes, also on a slate subsoil, boulders of a fine-grained trap occur at a height of about 100
feet, and are especially noticeable as being in some cases marked with parallel grooves or scratches.
Another group, also composed of trap, is situated at Druid, near Ashburton ; and boulders of various
sizes have been recorded as occurring in the parish of Bishop's Teignton, near Teignmouth, some 300
feet above the sea. In North Devon similar boulders, including one of felstone, estimated to weigh
between 13 and 14 tons, are found at an elevation of about 500 feet at Langtree, near Torrington ; and
at the Saunton cliff's near Braunton, a mass of red granite, estimated to weigh from 10 to 12 tons, is
seen lying on the Upper Devonian slate, and covered by a great thickness of more recent deposits,
forming the raised beach. Three other smaller boulders of similar granite have also been found in
the same vicinity. The larger mass was described by the Rev. David Williams, in 1837, as like
much of the Grampian granite ; and he gave as his opinion that it came neither from Lundy, Dart-
moor, nor Cornwall. Its origin still remains a question, for the main body of rock at Lundy differs
in every respect from it, and it is very doubtful whether there is any vein of a similar colour and
texture on the island, capable of producing a block of such magnitude. The nearest point of the
Dartmoor granite is exactly thirty miles from Saunton, but any of a red colour can only be obtained
in very few localities, and at a much longer distance.
Another instance of transported boulders occurs in the parish of Fremington, near Barnstaple,
where boulders of trap are frequently found on or near the surface of a thick bed of brown clay,
much used for pottery. In each of these cases we have examples of masses of stone, often of great
size, formed of materials differing from the subsoil on which they rest, and which must have been
transported by some powerful agency, sometimes from a long distance, to the positions they now
occupy. In certain instances they may have been brought down from higher elevations in the same
manner that large fragments of rock are seen on the glaciers of Switzerland, slowly moving forward
with the onward motion of the ice ; whilst others, during a temporary submergence of the lower por-
72' Greolog:y of I>evoiiHliii*e.
tions of the present land surface, may have been carried from still further points by sheets of floating
ice, the melting of which landed them on the spots where they are now found. Besides the evidences
of ancient glaciers in Wales, it must be remembered, in connection with this subject, that the latitude
of 51 dep-., which passes within a mile of Ilartland Point, runs also south of Labrador, and to the north
of Newfoundland and the province of Canada. A deflection of the Gulf Stream, which at present
conveys an enormous amount of heat across the Atlantic from the tropic of Cancer, would reduce
the north-west of Europe to very much the some climatal conditions as exist along the same parallel
in the North American continent, and, it is computed by Mr. Croll, would loAver the mean temperature
of London to the extent of forty degrees.
Caves and their Deposits. — Numerous caves are found in South Devon in the form of tunnels
and fissures traversing the Middle Devonian limestone near Torquay, Brixham, Plymouth, Yealmpton,
Chudleigh, and Buckfastleigh, and though in point of size they may appear insignificant when con-
trasted with those of Derbyshire, the results 'aftbrded by them are highly important : including as
they do evidences of the antiquity of man, and the succession of various animals now either extinct,
or no longer inhabitants of the British Isles. The history alone of the explorations would occupy many
pages, and we can therefore only direct the reader where to obtain further information relating to them.
The literature of the various caves has been collected by Mr. W. Pengelly, and will be found in the
* Transactions of the Devonshire Association' from 18G8 to the present time; and the yearly results of
the exploration of Kent's Hole, which has been conducted under the direction of a committee of the
British Association at an expense of over £1600, are recorded in the twelve annual reports of that
body since the year 1865. An able resume of the whole subject was given by Mr. W. Pengelly in
his address as President of the Geological Section at the meeting of the British Association at
Plymouth in 1877 ; and to this Ave are indebted for most of the following particulars. The first of the
several bone caves at Oreston, near Plymouth, was discovered in 1816 by Mr. Whidbey, who was engaged
in superintending the construction of the breakwater, and in 1858 another fissure containing a large
number of bones was broken into ; it extended for a length of about 90 feet, with a height of 52 feet,
and widened from 2 feet at the top to 10 feet at the bottom. The animal remains found prior to
1858 included Ursus prisons, U. spelceus, weasel (?), wolf, fox, cave hyaena cave lion. Rhinoceros
leptorhinus, Equus fossilis, E. plicidens, Asinns fossilis, Bison minor, and Bos longifrons.
In 1858 remains of the mammoth were found, and probably also Rhinoceros tichorhinus.
Kent's Hole is situated about a mile east of Torquay Harbour, and at the side of a small lime-
stone hill are two openings leading into the cave. It was explored by the Eev. J. MacEnery from
the year 1825 to 1829 ; but, at his death in 1841, the results of his labours still remained unpub-
lished. The MS. relating to the Avork noAv belongs to the Torquay Natural History Society, and Avas
printed in extensoby Mr. Pengelly, in the 'Trans. Devon. Assoc, for 1869,' occupying 280 8vo. pages.
The discovery in 1858 of the Brixham Cavern, Avhere flint implements were associated with the re-
mains of the mammoth and other extinct mammalia, brought about a sudden change of opinion
regarding the antiquity of man in this country ; and, with a knoAvledge that extensive portions of
Kent's Hole still remained intact, a committee was appointed by the British Association in 1864 for the
purpose of exploring it : a Avork which has been going on continuously for thirteen years. The suc-
cessive deposits found in the cavern Avere as follows: — 1st. Fragments and blocks of limestone Avhich
had fallen from the roof. 2nd. A layer of dark-coloured mud, or mould, yielding ' teeth and bones of
man, dog, fox, badger, brown bear, Bos longifrons, roe deer, sheep, goat, pig, hare, rabbit, and seal; '
also flint flakes, amber beads, bone tools, articles of bronze, and potsherds, including fragments of
Samian ware. 3rd. A stalagmitic floor of granular texture, from less than an inch to five feet in
thickness. 4th. A layer, about four inches thick, Avith small fragments of charred wood, dis-
tinguished as the ' black band,' occupying an area of about one hundred square feet, not far from
one of the entrances. 5th. Light red clay, knoAvn as the ' cave-earth,' containing small angular frag-
ments of limestone. * The granular stalagmite, black band, and cave-earth taken together as belong-
ing to one and the same biological period, may be termed the Hya^nine beds, the cave hysena being
their most prevalent species, and found in them alone. So far as they have been identified the
remains belong to the cave hya?na, Equus cahallus, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, gigantic Irish deer. Bos
prhiiigenius, Bison prisons, red deer, mammoth, badger, cave bear, grizzly bear, brown bear, cave lion,
wolf, fox, reindeer, beaver, glutton, Machairodus latide7is, and man — the last being part of a jaAV
with teeth in the granular stalagmite. In the same beds were found unpolished ovate and lanceolate
implements made from flakes, not nodules, of flint and chert ; flint flakes, chips and cores, whetstones,
a hammer stone, dead shells of Pecten, bits of charcoal, and bone tools, including a needle or bodkin
having a well-formed eye, a pin, an aAvl, three harpoons, and a perforated tooth of badger.' 6th.
Beneath the cave-earth there was usually found a floor of crystalline stalagmite. 7th. The breccia,
or oldest known cavern deposit, composed of fragments of red grit and occasionally limestone imbedded
in a sandy paste. * The relics found in the crystalline stalagmite and the breccia, in some place '
extremely abundant, were almost exclusively those of bear, the only exceptions being a very fe
I
Greolog'y of Devoiisliire. 7.3
remains of cave lion and fox.' The breccia ' also yielded evidences of human existence ; but they
were exclusively tools made from nodules, not flakes, of flint and chert.' Less than half a mile
from Kent's Hole is the small cavern of Anstis Cove. It was also explored by Mr. MacEnery, who
described it as 63 feet in length, and affording remains of the bear, deer, fox, and horse.
The patch of limestone forming the southern boundary of Torbay contains the several caves
known as the Ash Hole, Brixham, or Windmill Hill Cavern, and the Bench Cavern. The first of
these was partially explored about forty years ago by the Rev. H. F. Lyte, and contained remains of
the elephant, badger, polecat, stoat, water vole, rabbit, and reindeer. The cavern at Bench quarry ia
also a fissure, and was discovered in 1861. It has yielded the bones of hyaena in abundance,
together with remains of bear, reindeer, ox, hare, Arvicola rattice]is, A, agrestis^ wolf, fox, and
rhinoceros. The Windmill Hill or Brixham Cavern was broken into by quarrymen in the year 1858,
at a i^oint 100 feet above mean-tide; and, 'on being found to contain bones, a lease in it Avas
secured for the Geological Society of London, who appointed a committee of their members to
undertake its exploration ; funds were voted by the Koyal Society, and supplemented by private
subscriptions.' The investigation was entrusted to Mr. Prestwich and Mr. Pengelly, and the
work, under the superintendence of the latter, was begun in 1858, and completed in tlie following
year. 'The cavern comprised within a space of 135 feet from north to south, and 100
feet from east to west, consisted of a series of tunnel galleries, from 6 to 8 feet in greatest width,
and 10 to 14 feet in height, with two small chambers, and five external entrances.' The
uppermost deposit consisted of a floor of stalagmite, with remains of bear, reindeer. Rhinoceros
tichorhinns, mammoth, and cave lion. A concrete of limestone fragments commenced at the
principal entrance, and yielded only remains of bear and fox. This was termed the first bed.
Immediately beneath was the second bed, formed of a thin layer of blackish matter ; the third bed
was composed of red tenacious clayey loam, inclosing fragments of limestone in large numbers,
together with bones of 'mammoth, lihinoceros tichorhinns^ horse. Bos immigeiiius. Bos longifrons, red
deer, reindeer, roebuck, cave lion, cave hyaena, cave bear, grizzly bear, brown bear, fox, hare, rabbit,
Lagom.)jS sjjelceus, water vole, shrew, polecat, and weasel.' The fourth, or gravel bed, was an accu-
mulation of pebbles, mixed with small fragments of shale, and contained remains of ' the bear, horse,
ox, and mammoth. The human industrial remains exhumed in the cavern were flint implements
and a hammer stone, and occurred in the third and fourth beds only.'
The cavern at Yealm Bridge is situated about eight miles from Plymouth, and was discovered in
Avorking a quarry about the year ] 832. Colonel Mudge, writing shortly af terAvards, mentions the
occurrence of elephant, rhinoceros, horse, ox, sheep, hya;na, dog, wolf, fox, bear, hare, and water vole;
and Mr. J. C. Bellamy added to the list deer, pig, glutton, weasel, and mouse. In this instance the
remains of the hyaena appear to have been exceedingly abundant. Other caverns are found in the
limestones of Buckfastleigh, Pridhamsleigh, and Chudleigh ; but they do not ceem hitherto to have
yielded anything of importance. Indeed, of all the Devonshire caverns that at Windmill Hill,
Brixham, and Kent's Hole, 'have alone been satisfactorily explored, and beside them none have
yielded evidence of the contemporaneity of man Avith the extinct cave mammals.'
Kaised Beaches and Submauine Forests. — At various places along the coast are found
ancient sea beaches, at elevations far above the highest limits of the present tides, as Avell as the re-
mains of peat and forest beds Avhich have long since become submerged, and are now only visible at
loAV Avater. Although belonging to different ages, with probably an immense interval of time separa-
ting them, they are both due to the widespread movement of the land surface by Avhich this country
was elevated and depressed. The softer cliffs of the cretaceous and triassic series have suffered so much
from the destructive force of the AA'aves, that no raised beaches seem to haA'-e been left along any part of
the south-eastern coast line, the first appearing at Hope's Nose and the Thatcher Kock, near Torquay.
These were described by Mr. Godwin Austen in 1835. Similar beaches occur resting on elevated
terraces or shelves, generally about 30 feet above the level of the sea, at Berry Head, Sharkham
Point, Dartmouth, Start Point, and the Hoe at Plymouth; this last Avas described in 1839 as being
20 feet in thickness, and 50 above high Avater. On the northern coast the clifl^s are generally too
precipitous in their character to retain any traces of these deposits ; but on both sides of the more
sheltered position of Barnstaple Bay may be seen the ver}' fine examples of raised beaches, noticed by
Prof. Sedgwick and Sir R. Murchison in 1836. That at Northam on the south side between the neAV
pier at Westward Ho and Rocks Nose, is composed principally of pebbles, and extends AvestAvard for
some distance. Its thickness is variable, ranging from 3 to 12 feet, Avhilst the height of its
base above high-Avater mark is from 10 to 17 feet. On the opposite side of the bay at Saunton
and Croyde, the beach attains a much greater thickness, and is more sandy : shells of the mussel,
limpet, and cockle being frequently imbedded in it.
Beds of vegetable remains or peat, frequently inclosing portions of the trunks of trees with their
roots, showing that they grcAV in the positions in Avhich they are now found, are not uncommon along the
souths and east coast, at or near the present loAv-Avater mark. . Beds of this nature Avere formerly
74- Grdalasy or I>evoiislilre.
seen at Bovey Sand, and other places near Plymouth, and in 1866 one was uncovered at Thurleston,
in Bigbury Bay. At Blackpool, near Dartmouth, a submerged forest appeared in 1802, and again
about the year 1855, also for a few weeks in 1869.
Similar deposits exist over considerable portions of Torbay, the principal exposure being at Tor
Abbey Sands, where six portions of antlers of the red deer, Cervus ela2')hus, were found twelve months
since near the low-water line. This bed has also yielded remains of the horse, wild hog, and Bos
longifrons, whilst a tooth of the mammoth was dredged up by some fishermen in the southern side of
the bay. At Sidmouth portions of a forest were discovered in 1873, and in this instance numerous
teeth of the mammoth were obtained. In North Devon, a large tract of submerged forest extending beyond
the delta of the rivers Taw and Torridge, at Northara burrows, was uncovered during a storm in the
winter of 1864, when the stems of between seventy and eighty large trees were seen, broken off at
a height of about 2 feet above the peat bed, but standing in the upright position in which they
grew. The wood consisted principally of ash, dwarf birch, and hazel, nuts of the latter being found
in great quantities in the peat, amongst the stems and roots of the trees, together with antlers of red
deer, and bones of wild boar, wolf, goat, roebuck, reindeer (?), ox, and other animals. This forest bed
is now almost destroyed ; but from the time of its discovery to within a very recent period it afforded
undoubted evidences of its former human occupation. Flint flakes and flint cores were especially
abundant, associated with fragments of charcoal and calcined flint, pointed stakes of wood, and accumu-
lations of oyster shells, and split bones.
In estimating the amount of elevation and depression of the land required to produce the raised
beaches and submarine forests, it is clear that all measurements must depend upon the tidal range of
each locality. In the case of raised beaches, the amount of waste which the coast line has subsequently
undergone must also be taken into account, in order to ascertain the original base of the deposits, or,
in other words, the former low-water mark. A comparison of the levels of various raised beaches
proves that during their formation the land must have been from 25 to 45 feet lower than it is noAv,
supposing the tidal range to have been the same ; whilst the submerged forests, on the other hand,
indicate a considerable elevation of the coast, the peat beds both at Torbay and Northam burrows
extending down to extreme low-water mark, and probably far beyond it. In Barnstaple Bay the
tidal range is between 28 and 30 feet ; and if, therefore, the lowest part of the forest is covered at
high tide with 30 feet of water, it follows that at the time the trees were growing the land must
have been 30 feet higher than at present ; an additional 5 or 10 feet would also be required in
order to raise the roots above water, and so allow of the growth of the trees. Following the question
still further, it is clear that the raised beaches and submerged forests cannot possibly be contempora-
neous, since one has been caused by a depression of the land, and the other indicates a long period of
elevation. A series of measurements at Westward Ho, where the two deposits are found in close
proximity to each other, has afforded the following results : — first, when the raised beaches were in
course of formation the land surface must have been from 25 to 45 leet below its present level ;
secondly, a gradual upheaval took place to the extent of from 70 to 85 feet (probably more) when
the clay beds and alluvial soil in the bays and at the river estuaries became covered with vegetation ;
the land must have remained at this level a sufficient time to admit of the formation of the peat beds,
and the growth of large trees ; and thirdly, a subsidence of at least 30 to 40 feet, causins^ the destruction
of the forests. This final change occurred at a period so remote as to be j^rehistoric, but yet must be
included within the human period, as man inhabited, or at all events, frequented the forests.
MoDEKN Action. — The coast in the vicinity of Axmouth is broken up by a succession of land-
slips, the best known of which occurred on the farms of Dowlands and Bindon on Christmas Day
1839. This attracted considerable attention at the time, and an account of it by Mr. G. Koberts
passed through five editions in the same year. Other examples of changes effected by modern action
are seen in the caves and tunnels hollowed out by the waves in the softer rocks, such as those in the
new red sandstone cliffs of South Devon, and in the slates from Ilfracombe to Combmartin ; whilst
the formation and transportation of pebbles is continually in progress along the coast, but especially
along the southern shore of Barnstaple Bay, the lofty cliffs of Hartland and Clovelly affording the
rough material which is carried along in an easterly direction, until it arrives smoothed and rounded
on the Northam pebble ridge. This ridge is a natural breakwater, extending for nearly two miles in
length, and protecting the southern portion of the delta of the rivers Taw and Torridge. It is formed
of pebbles of all sizes, usually from two to eight inches in diameter, but in some rare instances
attaining a length of thirty-nine inches, and has an average width of 160 feet.
From the foregoing necessarily brief sketch of the various formations, it may be seen that the
study of Devonshire geology is attended with unusual difficulty. The older series have been dis-
turbed by the upheaval of granite and the outburst of volcanic rocks ; whilst the secondary and
tertiary deposits show in only one instance an uninterrupted sequence. Great gaps, marking an
immense interval of time, occur between almost every group. The upper portion of the beds have in
most cases been removed by denudation, and in the succeeding deposit there is seldom any certain
Greologfy of I>evoiisliii:'e. 75
base from which to start. For these and other reasons Devonshire has long proved a fertile source of
interest to the geologist, and with many facts still to be accounted for, many difficulties to be cleared
up, and with some problems yet remaining to be solved, this interest is not likely soon to pass away.
Mines and Mining. — The metalliferous deposits of Devon consist of veins or lodes, running
chiefly in an east and west direction, with occasional north and south veins or cross courses. The
lodes occur in the slates of the Devonian and carboniferous j)eriods, included by the miners under the
general name of clay slate or killas, as well as in the granite. On Dartmoor tin has also been
obtained from the earliest times by means of stream works, in the superficial detritus formed by the
decay of the granite. The chief supplies of metal are, however, found along the borders of the moor,
and the neighbourhood of Tavistock is especially remarkable for the value and variety of its products.
In proximity to the granite are numerous tin mines. On the south-west are the rich Beer Alston
lodes of silver-lead, extending into Cornwall, whilst occupying an intermediate position is a group of
very valuable copper mines, the principal being the Devon Great Consols. This mine, begun in 1844,
now contains excavations in shafts and winzes, upwards of nine miles in length, more than thirty miles
of galleries or levels, and up to April, 1877, its produce has amounted to a total of ^3,226,426, with
a clear profit to the shareholders of £1,195,520. The arsenic works in connection with it are also the
most extensive in the world. North of Tavistock are the argentiferous lead lodes of Huel Betsy, and
the Lydford mines; and beyond these the lead and copper mines of Okehampton and Belstone.
North-east of Dartmoor lead has been extensively worked at Christow, in the Teign Valley, and
manganese at Doddiscombeleigh on the east ; magnetic iron ore at Haytor ; umber at Ashburton,
' copper at Buckfastleigh ; and on the south-west tin, at Bottle Hill, near Plympton.
Beyond the more immediate vicinity of Dartmoor, both on the west and east sides, manganese is
abundant, especially in those portions of the slates which are associated with the greenstones or
trappean rocks. In the north the mining district of Combmartin affords silver, lead, and iron ; that of
North Molton, copper and iron; manganese occurs in several lodes at Newton St. Cyres, and Upton Pyne,
near Exeter ; and in South Devon considerable quantities of iron ore have been raised at Brixham.
In the early history of mining the two counties of Devon and Cornwall are inseparably connected.
Both yielded tin abundantly, and in order to obtain this metal there is no doubt the Phoenicians traded
with these parts of Britain considerably before the Christian era. Many of the ancient stream works
and remains of smelting-houses found on Dartmoor, and known as Jews' Houses, probably date from this
period. One of the first documents relating to the Devonshire mines is a letter in the Exchequer
, Books, regarding a court of inquiry held in Exeter on January 19, 1198, for the purpose of ascertain-
ing the just weights of tin in Devonshire. In the reign of King John the mines were farmed to the
Jews by the King, as Earl of Cornwall; and in October, 1201, he granted a charter to the tinners of
the two counties, securing to them very extensive rights and privileges.
The relative produce at this period is shown by the fact that in 1213 the Cornish dues were
farmed for 200 marks (£133 6s. 8d.) ; and those of Devon for £200. On the banishment of the
Jews from England in 1290, the mines appear to have fallen for a time into disuse, and early in 1305
the Cornish tinners petitioned for a charter of liberties for themselves, not joined with the tinners of
Devon. This request was granted by Edward I., and on April 10 of the same year two separate
charters were given, one for each county ; that for Devonshire providing that all tin should be weighed
for the purpose of the tax, at either ' Tavystok, Asperton, or Chaggeford,' and appointing Lydford as
the stannary prison. The duty on the stamped or coined tin was 405. per 1000 lbs. weight for
Cornwall, and 15s. Qd. for Devon. Previous to these charters the tinners of the two counties were
accustomed to meet every seventh or eighth year on Kingston Down, near Callington, for the trans-
action of business, and to enact laws ; but after their separation the jurors or representatives, elected
by the Devonshire stannaries, transferred their parliament to Crockern Tor, on Dartmoor. In 1328
Plympton was added to the number of stannary towns, and in 1337, when Edward the Black Prince
was created Duke of Cornwall, the coinage revenues from Devonshire were returned at £273 195. 6d.
In 1471 the fortune of the county seems to have changed, its tin produce amounting to only
242,624 lbs., against 851,116 lbs. raised in Cornwall, and all subsequent returns show it failed to
recover its lost supremacy. In August, 1838, the stannary dues were commuted for a certain
payment, based upon the average yield of the ten previous years.
Next to tin, the earliest recorded mining operations were those conducted in search of silver and
lead. In 1293, William de Wymundham accounted at the Treasury for 270 lbs. of silver raised in
r)evon, and in the two following years the amount was £1225 1 3s. Id. in weight. According to Risdon,
the Combmartin mines were first found in the 22nd year of Edward I. (1294), at which time 337
men were brought from the Peak of Derbyshire to work them. Afterwards, in the reign of King
Edward III., they yielded great profit towards the maintenance of the French wars, and Henry V.
also made good use of them. These mines were reopened in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, under
the direction of Sir Bevis Bulmer, who in 1593 gave a rich and fair silver cup to the Earl of Bath,
76
!I^liiiCH of Devoiisliii'e.
another weighing 137 ounces, with a ' kiver,' to the Lord Mayor of London, to continue to the said
City for ever. An autograph letter was written by Charles I. three months before his death, on the
subject of the Combmartin mines; and the working of them was strongly recommended to the Long
Parliament in 1059. With the North Devon mines were usually associated those of Beer Alston,
the ore of which frequently contained from 80 to 120 ounces of silver to the ton of lead. In 1784-
85, the latter mines produced 6500 ounces of silver, and the returns from Huel Betsy near Tavistock,
about the year 1824, amounted to 4000 or 5000 ounces annually.
The ores of copper and iron, although they were long known to exist, do not appear to have
been worked to any extent until the eighteenth century, and a patent of Henry VIII. mentions that
these metals, both in Cornwall and Devon, had not been ' serched, laborid and wroughte as other
mynnes of tynne.' One of the oldest copper mines in Devonshire is that formerly worked at North
Molton, where the ore is said to have been plentiful in 1729. The total produce for the county
amounted to only 1078 tons in 1801 ; 3390 tons in 1817 ; and 6328 tons in 1837. Twenty years later
the yield had increased to 39,069 tons, and in 1862 the maximum of 41,513 tons was attained; but
since this date the annual returns show a steady decrease.
Iron was not obtained in any quantity, owing probably to its less comparative value, and the
great cost of carriage, imtil a very recent period. The principal entry dating in the last century is
the shipment of 9293 tons of ore from Combmartin to the opposite coast of Wales, between the years
1796 and 1802. Manganese, now so largely in demand for manufacturing purposes, was first raised
at Upton Pyne, about the year 1770, and from 1804 to 1810 some 3000 tons were yearly taken to
the port of Exeter. The productive deposits in the neighbourhood of Tavistock were discovered in
1815. Gold has been recorded as occurring in grains at the stream works at Sheeps Tor, on Dartmoor,
and in the North Molton copper mines. Antimony, bismuth, cobalt, nickel, titanium, and uranium
have also been found in the county, though in too small quantities to be of any commercial value.
The following is a list of the Devonshire mines at present in Avork, or which sold ore in 1876.
The returns relative to the amount and estimated value of the produce are taken, with few exceptions,
from Mr. Robert Hunt's ' Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,'
published September 1877, by order of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury : —
Name
Situation
Pioduce
Amount of ore
Estimated value
Tons cwts. qrs.
£ s. d.
Aller Mine .
Christow, Exeter .
Silver-lead
—
Ashburton Mines .
Ashburton
Umber ....
1,000
900
Bampfylde Mine .
North Molton
Copper ....
18 2
108 2 10
Bedford Consols .
New Quay, Tavistock .
Iron pyrites .
100
122 16 6
Bedford United .
Tavistock
Copper ....
639 1
2,331 3
)> 5» • •
,. ...
Arsenical iron pyrites .
221 19 1
220 11 10
Bel stone Mine
Okehampton .
Copper ....
122 9
854
Betsy, Huel .
Mary Tavy .
Lead ....
Silver ....
57 1 21
250 ozs./
702 10
Bircli Tor Mine .
North Bovey .
Tin ... .
—
—
Bottle Hill, Old .
Plympton
Tin . . . ,
3 10 1
157 12 6
jj >» j> •
,, ...
Copper ....
4 8
32
,, ...
Arsenical iron pyrites .
16 10
15
Bowden Common .
Brentor, Tavistock
Manganese .
76
304
Brixhara Mine
Brixhara
Brown hematite
1,603
801 10
Brookwood Mine .
Buckfastleigh
Copper ....
1,149 17
4,556 I 5
»» ., . .
,,
Arsenical iron pyrites .
104 13
170 11
Chillaton and Hogstor .
Milton Abbot
Manganese .
2,430 17
8,200
Comfort, H uel, Fullabrook
Braunton
,, . . .
—
—
Courtney, Huel
Tavistock . . ' .
Copper ....
_
—
Crebor, Huel.
,, . . .
,,....
827 6
3,176 15 4
„ . . .
,, . .' .
Arsenical iron pyrites .
187
184 5
Dean Prior .
Buckfastleigh
Copper . . . .
—
—
Devon and Cornwall
Ashburton
Umber . . . .
—
—
Devon Great Consols
Tavistock
Copper . . . .
9,974 4
33,839 19 U
5> >' "
,, . . .
Iron pyrites .
110 15
84 7 7
Arsenic (refined) .
1,621 11
14,705 8 10
Doddiseombeleigh .
Exeter . . . .
Manganese .
—
—
Edgecumbe Mine .
Milton Abbot
»> . . .
10
45
Eleanor (Great), Huel .
Moreton Hampstead
Tin ... .
3
129
Emily, Huel (late Furs-
South Tawton, Okehamp-
don) . . , .
ton . . . .
Copper ....
84 17 3
233 6 5
Emma, Huel .
Buckfastleigh
,,....
230
690
jt " . * * *
j> • •
Iron pyrites .
24
14 4
Florence Mine
North Molton
Brown hematite .
5,712
2,856
Miiiies or Devonsiiir^.
11
Name
Situation
Produce
Amount of ore
Estimated value
Tons cwts. qrs. |
£ s. d.
Frank Mills .
Christow, Exeter .
Lead ....
376 6
3-1
» >5 •
>> j> • •
Silver . .
5,640 ozs. / 1
4,070 16 5
>J J» • •
Spathose iron . . 1
—
—
.
» >i • •
Barytes. . . . 1
6 10
5 6 5
Friendship, Huel .
Mary Tavy .
Copper . . . . j
92 10
627 7 6
M )» • •
M >> •
Arsenical iron pyrites . ;
4,000
3,600
Furze Hill .
Horrabridge .
Tin ... .
7 13
3
339 1
Grawton Mine
Gawton Quay, Tavistock
Copper . . . . 1
1,069 17
3
4,810 14
j »» j> * •
ft it u
Arsenical iron pyrites .
357 14
328 8
HaytorValo .
Hsington
Magnetic iron . . '
1,781 8
890 19
I Holne Chase Mine .
Ashburton
Tin ... .
—
—
j Marcia Mine .
North Molton
Hematite iron
200
120
1 Maria (West) and For-
tescue Consols .
Lamerton, Tavistock
Copper ....
909 9
4,090 10
» '> >> »»
tj >> •
Arsenic ....
142 2
3
710 11 3
Mary Hutchings, Huel .
Plympton
Tin ... .
4 1
1
182 19 9
S> M !J •
!) ...
Arsenical iron pyrites .
92 16
73 10
Arsenic ....
7
14 7 6
Newton St. Cyres Mine .
Newton St. Cyres .
Manganese .
129
600
NoemieMine.
Shaugh, Roborough
Brown hematite .
222
111
Roborough Mine .
Ashburton
Umber ....
—
—
Russell, Huel
Tavistock
Copper ....
1,149 9
2
2,868 9 5
Shirwell and Bratton
Barnstaple .
Manganese and iron
—
—
South Molton Consols .
South Molton
Lead ....
—
—
Southward .
Beer Ferris .
1 9
3
Spreacombe Mine .
Georgeham, Barnstaple .
Hematite iron
118 2
70 16
Steeperton Tor
1 Belstone, Okehampton .
Tin ... .
—
—
Taniar Valley Mine
j Beer Alston .
Lead ....
2 15
3
61 17 10
>J J> 51
j n „ .
Iron pyrites .
19
15 5
„ ,, ,,
„. „ . . .
Fluor spar
337 10
230
Tavy Consols
Tavistock
Copper ....
5
22 10
M >• • •
,, ...
Iron pyrites .
756
763 16
Teign "Valley Mine
Bridford, Exeter .
Barytes ....
682
558 7 9
Ugborough Mine .
Ugborough, Ivy bridge .
Brown hematite
300
225 10
n It • •
» )•
Ochre ....
100
75
Vitifer, East .
North Bovey . , .
Tin ... .
13 9
1
607 15
West Down .
Ilfracombe .
Iron and manganese
—
—
White Works, New
Princetown .
Tin ... .
16 1
691 10
Summary of the mineral produce of Devonshire, with its computed value, for the years 186C,
1871, and 1876:—
1
i
1866
1871
1876
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Tons cwts.
nrs.
£ s.
d.
Tons cwts. qrs.
£ s.
d.
Tons cwts. qrs.
£ s. d.
Arsenic
—
1
—
2,220 3 3
11,862 19
6
1,670 13 3
15,430 7 7
Barytes
—
1
—
—
688 10
563 17 3
Clay (China)
12,000
9,600
19,000
20,900
25,000
25.000
„ (Potters') .
45,203
20,341
47,639
ll.,909 15
61,525
18,457 10
Copper ore .
34,471
151,481 11
25,600 11
84,372 6
4
16,276 10 2
58,240 19 10
Fluor spar .
—
—
—
—
337 10
230
Iron ore
40,671 1
12,504 9
11
14,124 14
6,095 16
9,936 10
5,075 15
Iron pyrites .
915 4
729 7
3
2,662 10 3
1,916 8
7
5,990 7 1
5.592 4 10
Lead ore
723 10
9,227 12
9
940 13
11,669 19
10
437 13 3
6,740 11 5
Manganese .
—
—
5.548 1 2
22,958 10
2
2,645 17
9,149
Ochre and Umber .
97
48 10
. 485 17 2
964
11
1,100
975
Silver .
1 13,017
oz.
3,579 13
6
i 13,805 oz.
3,451 5
5,890 oz.
1,293 15 6
Tin ore .
184 10
9,313 1
6
139 8
10,557 16
47 16
2,107 17 4
Zinc ore
j 135
236 5
570 11 3
1,562 10
10
—
—
Mineral Waters are very numerous in Devon, and are chiefly of the clialybeate kind, but none
of them are now in medicinal repute. The strongest springs o£ this description rise at Bella-Marsh,
between Chudleigh and King's Teignton ; and at Hampton. That at the latter place is said to be
more strongly impregnated with iron than any other in the county. Springs at Ayshford, near Tiver-
ton, at Sharpham, near Totnes, at Brook, near Tavistock, and at St. Sidwell's, near Exeter, were
78 Vital Statistics of r>evoiisliirc.
formerly much resorted to for their medicinal virtues. At Ashburton, and near the Dart, are springs
saturated with ochre. A pool in one of the Bovey coal pits is warm, and covered ^with ochreous
incrustation. Ley Well, at Brixham, formerly ebbed and flowed from nine to eleven times in an
hour, but has been cut through and destroyed ; and there was a pond of the same nature at Tidwell,
near Otterton. Springs at Ashburton, and at Anchor Wood near Barnstaple, arc still in repute for
complaints of the eye, whilst the Holy Well at North Molton was formerly much frequented on
Ascension-day, the water being then supposed to possess unusual virtues. The mineral spring at
Plymouth, known as the Victoria Spa, was obtained from a boring 3G0 feet deep, in Bath Street ; and
the following analysis, given by De la Beche in 1839, indicates the weight in grains of dry salts in.
an imperial pint of water: — Chloride of sodium, 96'64; muriate of magnesia, 18*68 ; muriate of
lime, 15*10; sulphate of soda, 9*55; sulphate of lime, 8*94; carbonate of lime, 2*06; carbonate of
iron, 0*69 — total grains, 151*66. Carbonic acid gas, 8*1 cubic inches. — |
VITAL STATISTICS. W
Area. — According to the Census Report, 1871, the area of the county of Devonshire is
1,655,161 acres, equal to 2586 square miles; this area includes 16,386 acres of inland water.
Devonshire takes the third place among the English counties, ranged in the order of their size from
the largest ; Yorkshire and Lincolnshire being the only counties larger than Devonshire. Devonshire
is divided into three Parliamentary Divisions, the Eastern, Northern, and Southern. The Eastern
Division of Devonshire has an area of 424,289 acres, and had in 1871 a population of 160,788 per-
sons, exclusive of 44,226 living within the represented city of Exeter. The Northern Division of
the county has an area of 671,824 acres; and the population in 1871 was 130,775, exclusive of
21,837 living within the represented boroughs of Barnstaple and Tiverton. The Southern Division
has an area of 559,048 acres, and the population in 1871 was 101,898, exclusive of 141,850 persons
residing within the three Parliamentary Boroughs of Plymouth, Devonport, and Tavistock.
Population. — At the last census enumeration in April 1871, the population of the county con-
sisted of 601,374 persons, showing a proportion of rather more than one inhabitant to each three
acres ; in other words, there were 2*75 acres to each person enumerated in 1871. At the first com-
plete national census in 1801 the population of the county of Devonshire was returned at 340,308
persons. During the seventy years, 1801-71, the increase in the population of the county was
261,066 persons, equal to 77 per cent. At each decennial census enumeration since 1801 the popula-
tion of the county has shown an increase; but, since 1821, the rate of increase has considerably
declined. Between 1801 and 1811 the rate of increase was equal to 12 per cent., and in the follow-
ing ten years, 1811-21, to 15 per cent.; the increase in the three following decades declined to
13, 8, and 6 per cent, respectively, while it did not exceed 3 per cent, in either of the last two
decades, 1851-61, and 1861-71. During the ten years, 1861-71, the increase of the urban popula-
tion of the county was equal to 7 per cent., whereas the rural population showed a decrease of
1-^ per cent. The increasing tendency of English populations to aggregation in town districts causes
an actual decrease of population in most rural districts.
Proportion of the Sexes. — The enumerated population of the county in 1871 included 285,248
males, and 316,126 females; thus, in a hundred of the population the average proportion was 47
males and 53 females, or, in other words, there were 110*8 females to each 100 males. In England
and Wales the average proportion of females to 100 males, enumerated in 1871 , was 105*4 ; in London
it was equal to 113*6. There is a large excess of females in the population of nearly all the English
counties, except those in which a considerable proportion of the inhabitants is engaged in mining ;
in Durham, Northumberland, Monmouth, Staffordshire, and the North Riding of Yorkshire, the num-
bers of males considerably exceed those of females. In 1801 the number of females in the population
of Devonshire was in the proportion of 118*0 to 100 males; the proportion of females at subsequent
census enumerations showed a steady decline until 1831, when it was as 109*6 to 100 males. Since
1831 the sex proportion of the population of Devonshire has not materially varied, and in 1871 it
was, as before stated, 110*8 females to 100 males. The excess of females is always proportionally
largest in urban populations, in consequence of the large number of domestic servants, shop assistants,
and others employed in towns ; this more than counterbalances the effect of the higher wages paid in
towns, which attract male adults from rural districts, and also of the drain upon male agricultural
populations due to emigration. In thirty-two town districts of Devonshire there were, in 1871, 117*9
females to each 100 males; whereas, in the remaining or rural parts of the county there were but
103*3 females to each 100 males.
Distribution of Population. — The county of Devonshire contains six parliamentary and eleven
municipal boroughs. Plymouth, Devonport, Exeter, Barnstaple, and Tiverton are both parliamentary
and municipal boroughs. The parliamentary and municipal boundaries of Tiverton are coextensive,
whereas the parliamentary limits of Plymouth, Devonport, Exeter, and Barnstaple exceed the municipal
boundaries of those boroughs. Tavistock is a parliamentary borough only ; while Bideford, Dart-
Vital statistics of r>evoiisliif^. 79
: mouth, Totnes, South Molton, Torrington, and Honiton are municipal, and not parliamentary
i boroughs. The municipal borough and urban sanitary district o£ Plymouth consist of parts of the
i parishes of Charles and St. Andrew, and has an area of 1395 acres. The boundaries of the borough
! were coextensive during the seventy years, 1801-71. The population, which in 1801 was 16,040,
I increased steadily to 36,520 in 1841, and further rose to 52,221 and 62,599 at the census enumera-
i tions in 1851 and 1861 ; in 1871 the enumerated population was 68,758. Between 1851 and 1861
J the population of the borough showed an increase of 19*9 per cent.; in the more recent decade, 1861-
j 71 the percentage of increase declined to 9*8. Assuming that the rate of increase which prevailed
between the last two census enumerations has since been maintained, the Registrar-General estimates
the population of the borough of Plymouth in the middle of the year 1878 to be 73,599 persons.
Plymouth is the smallest of the twenty large English towns for which weekly mortality statistics are
published by the Registrar-General. In 1871 the inhabited houses within the borough averaged but
5*2 per acre, proving that a considerable portion of the area of the borough was not then occupied by
buildings. The number of persons to each inhabited house in 1871 was so high as 9*4, but showed
a decline from the proportion that prevailed in 1861, when 103 persons were enumerated to each
inhabited house. By the Act 31 & 32 Vict. c. 46, the parliamentary borough of Plymouth was
extended by the addition of a portion of the ty thing of Compton-GiiFord, which contained 223
inhabited houses and 1333 persons at the census in 1871 ; this portion of. Compton-Gifford, which is
part of Charles parish, is not included within the municipal borough of Plymouth. The municipal
borough and urban sanitary district of Devonport is coextensive with the parish of Stoke Damerel,
and has an area of 1760 acres. The parliamentary borough of Devonport includes also the parish of
East Stonehouse, having an area of 1950 acres, within which 1340 inhabited houses and 14,585
persons were enumerated in 1871. The population of the municipal borough of Devonport, which in
1851 was equal to 38,180 persons, increased to 50,440 in 1861 ; this increase was equal to 32*1 per
cent. In 1871 the enumerated population of the borough was 49,449, and showed a decrease of 2*0
per cent from the enumerated number in 1861. The decline of population between 1861 and 1871
was partially attributed to reduction in the number of men employed in the dockyard. In 1871 the
inhabited houses within the municipal borough averaged but 2'4 per acre. The number of inhabited
houses, notwithstanding the decrease of population, increased from 4189 in 1861, to 4269 in 1871 ;
thus the number of persons to each inhabited house, which was so high as 12*0 in 1861, declined to
11'6 in 1871. The city, municipal borough, and urban sanitary district of Exeter, which is coex-
tensive with the poor law imion and registration district of the same name, has an area of 1664
acres. The limits of the municipal borough were coextensive during the seventy years, 1801-71.
The population, which in 1801 was but 17,412, increased somewhat rapidly to 31,305 in 1841 ; since
then the rate of increase has been much smaller. In 1851 the enumerated population was 32,818;
in 1861, 33,738, and in 1871, 34,650; between 1851 and 1861 the increase was equal to 2*8
per cent., and in the more recent decade to 2*7 per cent. If the increase since 1871 has been
maintained at the same rate that prevailed between 1861 and 1871, the population at the middle of
1878 may be estimated at 35,327 persons. In 1871 the inhabited houses within the borough
averaged but 3*5 per acre, showing that a large proportion of the area of the city had not then been
built upon. The inhabited houses within the city increased from 5381 in 1861, to 5868 in 1871;
and the number of persons to each inhabited house declined from 6'3 in 1861, to 5'9 in 1871. The
boundaries of the parliamentary borough of Exeter were extended by the Act 31 & 32 Vict. c. 46,
so as to include the whole or part of five parishes, which are not included in the municipal borough.
The parliamentary borough contained 7490 inhabited houses, and 44,226 inhabitants in 1871. The
municipal borough and urban sanitary district of Barnstaple consists of the parish of the same name
and parts of the parishes of Bishop's Tawton and of Pilton, and has an area of 1750 acres. The
enumerated population, which declined from 11,371 in 1851, to ] 0,743 in 1861, had increased again
to 11,659 in 1871. Thus the population of the borough showed a decrease of 5*5 per cent, between
1851 and 1861, whereas in the following decade there was an increase equal to 8'5 per cent. In
1571 there were but 1*3 inhabited houses to each acre within the borough, and the number of persons
to an inhabited house was 5*0, against 4*9 in 1861. The parliamentary borough of Barnstaple includes
a further portion of the parish of Pilton (not included within the municipal borough), which had in
1871 31 inhabited houses, and a population of 154 persons. The municipal and parliamentary
borough, and the urban sanitary district of Tiverton is coextensive with the parish and registration
district of the same name, and has an area of 17,491 acres. The enumerated population of the
borough, which in 1851 was equal to 11,144 persons, declined to 10,447 in 1861, and further
decreased to 10,024 in 1871 ; this decrease of population is partly attributed to the decline of lace
manufacture. Between 1851 and 1861 the decrease was equal to 6*3 per cent., and in the following
decade to 4*0 per cent. In 1871 there were 8*1 acres to each inhabited house, and the proportion of
persons to each inhabited house declined from 4*7 in 1861, to 4-6 in 1871. The parliamentary
.boirough of Tavistock consists of a portion of the parish of the same name, and has an estimated area
80 Vital Statistics of" r>evoiiskii*e.
of 38G3 acres. The enumerated population, which increased irom 8086 in 1851, to 8857 in 1861,
equal to 9*5 per cent., had in 1871 decreased, owing to the depression in mining, to 7725 persons,
which was equal to 12'8 per cent. The number of inhabited houses was, however, the same in 1871
as in 1861. The municijial borough and urban sanitary district of Bidefohd is coextensive with the
parish of the same name, the area of which is 3196 acres. The population of the borough was almost
stationary (577o and 5742) between 1851 and 1861, but increased to 6969 in 1871, showing an in-
crease in the more recent decade equal to 21*4 per cent.; this increase was partially attributed to the
number of labourers temporarily employed on railway and water works. In 1871 there was within
the borough but one inhabited house to every 2*4 acres ; the number of persons to an inhabited
house, which had been 4*8 in 1861, had increased to 5-1 in 1871. The municipal borough and
urban sjinitar}^ district of Dartmouth has an area of 1847 acres, and the population, which had
declined from 4508 in 1851 to 4444 in 1861, had increaned in 1871 to 5338; the increase during
the last decade was equal to 20*1 per cent., and was partly due to tho opening of the railway. In
1871 there were 2*2 acres to each inhabited house within the borough, and the number of persons to
each inhabited house increased from 5*4 in 1861, to 6'4 in 1871. The parliamentary borough of
Dartmouth was disfranchised by the Act 31 & 32 Vict. c. 48. The municipal borough and urban
sanitary district of Totnes consists of tlie parish of that name and part of the parish of Berry
Pomeroy, and has an estimated area of 2036 acres : the population, which declined from 4419 in
1851 to 4001 in 1861, was 4073 in 1871. Between 1851 and 1861 the population decreased 9-5 per
cent., whereas in the more recent decade the increase was equal to 1*8 per cent. The number of
persons to an inhabited house averaged 5*0 and 5*5 respectively in 1861 and 1871. The municipal
borough and urban sanitary district of South Molton is coextensive with the parish of the game
name, and has an area of 6264 acres. Between 1851 and 1861 the population declined from 4482
to 3830, equal to 14*5 per cent.; while in 1871, 3978 persons Avere enumerated, equal to an increase
of 3*9 per cent. The increase in 1871 was partially attributed to the construction of a railway. In
1871 there were within the borough 7 '3 acres to each inhabited house ; and the number of persons
to an inhabited house averaged 4*7 against 4*4 in 1861. The municipal borough and urban sanitary
district of Toriungton is coextensive with the parish of Great Torrington, and has an area of 3456
acres. In 1851 and in 1861, 3308 and 3298 persons respectively were enumerated, while in 1871
the number increased 7"0 per cent., to 3529. The increase in the last decade was partly attributed
to railway works. In 1871 there were 4'8 acres to each inhabited house, and the number of persons
to an inhabited house averaged 4-9 against 4*7 in 1861. The municipal borough and urban
sanitary district of Honiton is coextensive with the parish of the same name, and has an area of 3066
acres. Between 1851 and 1861 the population decreased 3*7 per cent., from 3427 to 3301, whereas
in the following decade it increased 4*9 per cent., to 3464. In 1871 there were 4*5 acres to each
inhabited house, and the nimiber of persons to an inhabited house averaged 5*1 against 4*6 in 1861.
In addition to the twelve before mentioned towns of Devonshire which are either parliamentary
or municii^al boroughs, or both parliamentary and municipal boroughs, the county contains seventeen
other towns and urban sanitary districts, as well as Topsham, Ashburton, and Cullompton, three
towns having no recognised boundaries. Sixteen of these towns are local board districts: — viz. Tor-
quay, Teignmouth, AVolborough, Exmouth, St. Thomas the Apostle, Lower Brixham, Ilfracombe,
St. Mary Church, Northam, Ottery St. Mary, Dawlish, Paignton, Sidmouth, Okehampton, Lynton,
and Bampton. Crediton is an improvement commissioner's district. The local board district of
Torquay, which is coextensive with the parish of Tormoham with Torquay, has an area of 1465
acres. The enumerated population of Torquay, w^hich increased from 7903 in 1851 to 16,419 in
1861, had further increased to 21,657 in 1871 ; thus the population more than doubled between 1851
and 1861, and showed an increase of 32 per cent, between 1861 and 1871. The number of inhabited
houses rose from 2183 in 1861 to 3071 in 1871, when they averaged 2*1 per acre; the number of
persons to an inhabited house, which was 7*5 in 1861, had declined to 7*1 in 1871. In 1871, 1700
visitors were enumerated with the population of Torquay. The local beard district of Teignmouth
is coextensive with the parishes of East and West Teignmouth, and has an area of 1074 acres, ex-
clusive of 164 acres of water. The population, which was 5013 in 1851, and 6022 in 1861, further
rose to 6751 in 1871 ; the increase between 1851 and 1861 was equal to 20*1 per cent., whereas in
the following decade it did not exceed 12*1 per cent. The number of inhabited houses rose from
1134 in 1861 to 1232 in 1871, when they averaged 1*1 per acre. The number of persons to an
inhabited house was equal to 5*3 in 1861, and 5*5 in 1871. The local board district of Wolborough
is coextensive with the parish of Wolborough with Newton Abbot, and has an area of 1231 acres.
The population increased from 3227 in 1851 to 4427 in 1861, and further rose to 6082 in 1871 ; an
increase equal to 37 per cent, was shown in each of the two decades. The number of inhabited
houses rose from 853 in 1861 to 1155 in 1871, when there were 1*1 acre to each inhabited house.
The number of persons to an inhabited house in 1861 and 1871 was equal to 5*2 and 5*3 respectively.
The local board district of Exmouth consists of parts of the parislies of Littleham and Withycombe-
"Vital Statistics of Devonshire. 81
Kawleigh, and has an estimated area of 460 acres. The enumerated population was 5123 in 1851,
and 5228 in 1861, while in 1871 it had further increased to 5614; between 1851 and 1861 the
increase was equal to 2 per cent., whereas in the more recent decade it was 7 per cent. The number
of inhabited houses was 1106 in 1861, and 1182 in 1871, and the number of persons to an inhabited
house averaged 4'7 at each enumeration. The local board district of St. Thomas the Apostle is
coextensive with the parish of the same name, which has an area of 3700 acres. The population,
which was 4577 and 4533 respectively in 1851 and 1861, had increased to 5156 in 1871 ; it showed
a decrease of 1 per cent, between 1851 and 1861, while in the more recent decade the increase was
equal to 14 per cent. The number of inhabited houses increased from 786 to 934 between 1861 and
1871, but in the latter year there were 4 acres to each inhabited house. The number of persons
to an inhabited house declined from 5*8 in 1861 to 5*5 in 1871. The local board district of Lower
Brixham consists of part of the parish of Brixham, and has an estimated area of 400 acres. The
population increased from 4390 in 1861, to 4941 in 1871 ; this increase was equal to 13 per cent.
The number of inhabited houses was equal to 928 and 1018 in 1861 and 1871, and the number of
persons to an inhabited house to 4-7 and 4*9 respectively. The local board district of Ilfracombe is
coextensive with the parish of the same name, and has an area of 5583 acres. The population, which
was 3677 in 1851 and 3851 in 1861, rose to 4721 in 1871 ; while the increase was but 5 per cent,
between 1851 and 1861, it rose to 23 per cent, in the more recent decade, in consequence of the in-
creasing popularity of the town as a watering place. The number of inhabited houses increased from
787 in 1861 to 954 in 1871, but in the latter year there were nearly 6 acres to each inhabited house.
The number of persons to each inhabited house averaged 4*9 at each of the last two census enumera-
tions. The local board district of St. Mary Church consists of part of the parish of the same name.
The entire parish has an area of 2589 acres, and the population, which was 2293 and 3231 at the
census enumerations in 1851 and 1861, further increased to 4626 in 1871 ; the increase was equal to
41 and 43 per cent, respectively in the two decades 1851-61 and 1861-71. This large increase was
doubtlessly due to the increasing favour of Torquay and St. Mary Church as watering places. The
local board district of Northam is coextensive with the parish of the same name, which includes the
new watering place called Westward Ho, and has an area of 4190 acres, of which 1690 are water.
The population, which was 3680 and 3687 in 1851 and 1861, rose to 4330 in 1871 ; it was therefore
stationary between 1851 and 1861, whereas in the following decade the increase was 18 per cent. The
number of inhabited houses rose from 798 in 1861 to 924 in 1871, when, however, there were 4*5 acres
to each inhabited house. The number of persons to an inhabited house was 4'7 in 1871, against 4*6
in 1861. The local board district of Ottery St. Mary is coextensive with the parish of the same name,
and has an area of 9942 acres. The population declined from 4421 in 1851 to 4340 in 1861, and in 1871
had further decreased to 4110 ; the decrease in these two decades was equal to 2 and 5 per cent, respec-
tively. The inhabited houses, which were 925 in 1861, declined to 904 in 1871, when there were 11
icresto each inhabited house. The number of persons to an inhabited house was 4*5 in 1871, against
i4-7 in 1861. The local board district of Dawlish, which consists of part of the parish of the same name,
;has an estimated area of 1360 acres. The population, which increased from 2671 in 1851 to 3505 in
il861, was 3622 in 1871 ; thus, whereas the increase in the earlier decade was equal to 31 per cent,
lit did not exceed 3 per cent, during the ten years 1861-71. There were 701 inhabited houses in
jl871, or nearly one to each two acres ; and the number of persons to each inhabited house was 5'2,
jjorresponding with the proportion that prevailed in 1881. The local board district of Paignton is
jjoextensive with the parish of the same name, and has an area of 5092 acres. The population,
jvhich was 2746 in 1851, had increased successively to 3090 and 3590 at the enumerations in 1861
ind 1871 ; the increase was equal to 13 and 16 per cent, respectively at the two decades. The
lumber of inhabited houses rose from 613 in 1861 to 728 in 1871, when there were 7 acres and 4*9
Dersons to each inhabited house. The increase of population appears to be due in great measure to
ts proximity to Torquay, and to its favour as a Avatering place. The local board district of Sidmouth
s coextensive with the parish of the same name, and has an area of 1600 acres, including 60 of
vater. The population which was 3441 in 1851, declined to 3354 in 1861, and was but 3360 in
i871. The inhabited houses increased from 692 in 1861 to 697 in 1871, when, however, there were
V3 acres within the district to each inhabited house. The number of persons to each inhabited
louse averaged 4*8 both in 1861 and in 1871. The local board district of Okehampton includes part
:>f the parish of that name, and has an estimated area of 503 acres; the population in 1871 was 1900
!)ersons, living in 339 houses. The population of the entire parish, having an area of 9552 acres,
•vhich was 2165 in 1851, declined to 1929 in 1861, while in 1871, when railway works were in pro-
ijress, it had increased to 2470. The number of persons to an inhabited house increased from 4*9
n 1861, to 5'6 in 1871. The local board district of Lynton is coextensive with the parish of the
ame name, and has an area of 7193 acres. The population, which was 1059 and 1043 in 1851 and
861, rose to 1170 in 1871 ; the increase during the most recent decade was equal to 12 per cent.,
nd was due to the increasing popularity of this watering-place. The number of inhabited houses
F
82 Vital Statii^tiefa; ol" r>evoiisliire.
increased from 231 in 18G1 to 240 in 1871, when there were 30 acres to each inhabited house. The
persons to each inhabited house averaged 4'5 in 18G1, and 4*9 in 1871. The local board district of
Bampton consists of a ])art of the parish of that name, and has an estimated area of 128 acres, on
which 258 inhabited houses, and 1111 persons were enumerated in 1871. The entire parish has
an area of 7785 acres, and it declined steadily from 2102 in 1851, to 1928 in 1871 ; and the number
of persons to each inhabited house, which was 5*0 in 18G1, declined to 4*6 in 1871. By an order of
the Local Government Board, dated February 14, 1878, a portion of the parish of Seaton and Beer was
constituted a local government district for the purposes of the Public Health Act of 1875, under the
name of the Seaton Local Government District. No information, however, is available as to the
area or population of this new urban sanitary district. The entire parish of Seaton, including
Seaton and Beer, has an area of 2821 acres, of which 55 were of water; the enumerated popu-
lation increased from 1966 in 1861, to 2155 in 1871. The Improvement Commissioners' district
of Crediton includes a part of the parish of that name, and has an estimated area of 2400 acres.
The population, Avhich was 3934 in 1851, and 4048 in 1861, further increased to 4222 in 1571 ;
between 1851 and 1861 the increase was equal to 3 per cent, and in the following decade to 4 per
cent. The number of inhabited houses increased from 923 in 1861 to 953 in 1871, when there
were 2^ acres to each inhabited house ; the number of persons to an inhabited house averaged 4*4
both in 1861 and 1871.
In addition to the foregoing boroughs and local board districts, which under the provisions of the
Public Health Act, 1875, are urban sanitary districts, there are three Devonshire towns, separately
shown in the Census Report for 1871, which, having no defined boundaries, are included within the
rural sanitary districts of their respective poor law unions : these are Topsham, Ashburton, and
Cullompton. Topsham has an estimated area of 1257 acres, and the population in 1871 was returned
at 2514 persons, showing a decline from the number within the same area at the preceding census.
Ashburton stands upon about 1168 acres of the parish of that name, and the population in 1871 was
returned at 2335 persons. Ashburton was formerly a parliamentary borough, but was disfranchised
by the Act 31 & 32 Vict. c. 48. The population of Ashburton has declined steadily since 1861, in
consequence of the decrease of mining operations. The town of Cullompton stands upon a part ol
the parish of that name, and has an estimated area of 1102 acres. The population was enumerated at
2205 persons both in 1861 and 1871, while the population of the entire parish showed a decrease.
The thirty- two toAvns of Devonshire, excluding Seaton recently constituted a local board district,
had a population of 318,064 persons in 1871, enumerated Avithin an area of about 93,246 acres, and
forming 52*9 per cent, of the total population of the county. In 1861 the population of these towns
was only equal to 50'8 per cent, of the county population. The average density of population of these
thirty-two Devonshire towns was equal to 3*4 persons to an acre in 1871 ; in the remaining or rural
part of the county there were 5 '5 acres to each person enumerated in the same year.
Housing of the Population. — At the census in 1871, the houses enumerated within the county
of Devonshire were 112,234, of which 6387 were uninhabited, and 647 in the course of erectioni
The number of completed houses was 111,587 in 1871, showing an increase of 4774 upon the number
in 1861 : this number, however, takes no account of the houses that had been rebuilt during the
decade. In 1871 there were 6*1 uninhabited houses to each 100 inhabited houses within the county; j
in 1861 the proportion did not exceed 5*5 per cent. In the eleven municipal boroughs of Devonshire
5*5 per cent of the completed houses were uninhabited, while in the remainder of the county the
proportion was equal to 5 "8 per cent. The population of the entire county of Devonshire showed an
increase of 2-9 per cent, during the ten years 1861-71, whereas the increase of inhabited houses was
equal to 3*9 per cent. ; the average number of persons to each inhabited house, which was 5"77 at the
census in 1861, declined in 1871 to 5*72. It is evident therefore that in Devonshire building has
fully kept pace with the increase of population. The ruimber of houses, however, scarcely affords an
altogether satisfactory standard for the measurement of true density of population, as the capacity ol
houses is such a variable quantity. The best test of the housing of the population would be afforded
by the cubic space of its bed-room accommodation.
County Proper and Registration County. — As much statistical information is only available]
for registration or union counties, it is necessary that the difference between the constitution and
boundaries of the county proper and of the union or registration county of Devonshire should be
explained. The union or registration county of Devonshire includes an area of 49,169 acres (having
a population of 14,022 persons in 1871), which does not belong to the county proper; of this 17,284
acres, with a population of 6627 persons, form part of the county of Dorset; 11,394 acres, with a
population of 7056 persons, form part of the county of Cornwall; and 20,491 acres (part of Exmoor),
with a population of but 339 persons, belong to Somersetshire. On the other hand, 60,987 acres, on
which 9294 persons were enumerated in 1871, belonging to the county proper of Devonshire, are
locally situated in other registration counties ; thus 27,057 acres, with a population of 3069 persons,
are situated within the registration county of Cornwall, and 33,930 acres, with 6225 inhabitants, in
Vital Statistics of" I>evoiisliire. 83
the registration county of Somersetshire. On striking a balance between those portions of Devon-
shire county proper which are excluded from the union or registration county of Devonshire, and
those parts of other counties proper which are situated within the Devonshire registration county,
it appears that the registration county is smaller than the county proper by 11,818 acres, whereas
the population in 1871 showed an excess of 4728 persons. The boundaries of the county proper
are defined by Acts 2 & 3 William IV. c. 64 (1832), and 7 & 8 Vict. c. 61 (1844). The differences
between the areas and populations of the union or registration county of Devonshire and the county
proper are, however, proportionally too small to prevent the figures relating to the registration county
being taken as fairly applicable to the county proper in the consideration of the following additional
vital statistics of the county.
Ages of the Population. — The 606,102 persons enumerated within the registration county of
Devonshire included 75,843 or 12*5 per cent, children under 5 years of age; 195,017 children and
young persons aged between 5 and 20 years, equal to 32*2 per cent. ; 274,454 persons aged between
20 and 60 years, or 45'3 per cent. ; and 60,788, or lO'O per cent., persons aged upwards of 60 years.
The proportions of persons living at these four groups of ages differed but slightly from those that
prevailed at the previous census enumeration in 1861. The remarkably similar age distribution of
the enumerated population of Devonshire in 1861 and 1871 gives assurance that the number of
persons living at the present time within the county, at any group of ages, may be estimated with
approximate accuracy by assuming that the proportion of persons living at such ages, to the total
estimated population at all ages, is the same as it was in 1871. The proportion of infants under one
year of age enumerated in 1871 averaged 2*7 per cent, of the entire population of the county, and
was identical with the proportion that prevailed in 1861. The number of persons aged upwards of
80 years returned in 1871 was 5652, and equal to 0*93 per cent, of the total population, against 0*80
in 1861. In 1871 the ages of 63 persons were returned as 95 years and upwards, including 2 males
and 3 females who were stated to be centenarians ; in 1861 66 persons were stated to be upwards of
95 years, including 3 males and 5 females reported to be centenarians. The age distribution of a
population has an appreciable influence upon the birth and death rates which prevail therein. In
considering the vital statistics of a population, it is important, therefore, that its proportional age
distribution should be borne in mind. In urban populations the proportion of younger adults as well
as of children almost invariably shows a considerable excess, whereas that of elderly persons is far
below that which prevails in rural populations. In Exeter, Plymouth, and Devonport, however, the
J age distribution of the population does not materially differ from that which prevails in the entire
county of Devonshire ; the proportion of children and young persons aged under 20 was somewhat
lower in these three towns, whereas the proportion of persons aged between 20 and 60 years showed
an excess. In Exeter, Plymouth, and Devonport, however, only 8-3 per cent, of the population in
1871 were aged upwards of 60 years, while in the entire county the proportion averaged 10*0 per cent.
Civil Condition of the Population. — Of the 606,102 residents of the registration county of
Devonshire in 1871, 361,261 were unmarried, including children and young persons of an unmar-
riageable age ; 206,975 were returned as married, and 37,866 as widowed. Thus of the entire
population, 5 J-7 per cent, were immarried, 34*1 per cent, married, and 5*6 per cent, widowed. The
population ^ Devonshire in 1871 included 335,242 persons aged upwards of 20 years, of whom
91,104, or 27*2 per cent., were unmarried ; 206,279, or 61*5 per cent., were married; and 37,859, or
11*3 per cent., widowed. The proportions of married and widowed showed a slight increase upon
those which prevailed in 1861, but the variations were so slight that the numbers of unmarried,
married, and widowed in the present population of the county may be estimated with approximate
accuracy, by assuming that the several proportions are the same now as they were in 1871.
Marriages, Births, and Deaths in the ten years 1861-70, and in more recent years. —
During the ten years 1861-70 there were registered within the registration county of Devonshire,
17,690 marriages, equal to an annual rate of 16 per 1000 persons living; in the preceding ten years
:he marriage-rate had been equal to 16-1 per 1000. In the whole of England and Wales the annual
oiarriage-rate during the more recent decade averaged 16*6 per 1000, and exceeded the rate during
"he same period in Devonshire by 0*6 per 1000; the Devonshire rate, however, considerably exceeds
■:hat which prevails in many other of the agricultural counties. Since 1870 the marriage-rate in
Devonshire has further declined ; during the six years 1871-6 it averaged only 15'3 per 1000, and
ranged from 15-5 in 1871 and 1872, to 15*1 in 1875. The 47,690 marriages in Devonshire during
ihe decade 1861-70 included 30,600, or 64-2 per cent., which were solemnised according to the rites
>f the Established Church; the remaining 17,090, or 35*8 per cent., were either solemnised in chapels
ised by various Dissenting communities, or were purely civil marriages contracted at the offices of the
ocal superintendent registrars. The proportion of Church of England marriages in England and
Wales during the ten years 1861-70 to total marriages was 77*8 per cent., and 13*6 per cent, above
-he proportion that prevailed in Devonshire. The proportion of Dissenting and civil marriages in
jOevonshire, which was equal to 23-3 per cent, in the ten years 1851-60, increased to 35*8 per cent,
i f2
84. Vital StatlRtics of DevotiNhire^
in the more recent decade, whilst it exceeded by 13 -G per cent, the average proportion in England
and Wales for the same period. During the thirty-six years 1841-76 the proportion of marriages
solemnised in England and Wales according to the rites of the Established Church has steadily
declined ; in 1841 the proportion was equal to 93'4 per cent., whereas it declined in each subsequent
year, and in 187G it did not exceed 73*8 per cent. The proportion of civil marriages registered at
superintendent registrars' offices has steadily increased since the passing of the Civil liegistration Act
in 1837 ; in 1841 the proportion of civil marriages was but 1*7 per cent., whereas in 1875 and 187G
it Avas equal to 10*4 and 10-8 per cent, respectively. In Devonshire civil marriages appear to be
esi)ecially popular, as, in 187G, of 4704 marriages recorded in Devonshire, no less than 1178, or 25
per cent., were registered in superintendent registrars' offices. It has been stated that the average
proportion of civil marriages in England and Wales during that year did not exceed lO'S per cent.
The Births registered in Devonshire during the ten years 1861-70 were 187,087, including
95,636 of boys, and 91,451 of girls ; there were 104'6 births of boys to each 100 of girls. These
births were equal to an annual rate of 31*3 per 1000 of the mean population of the county, while the
average birth-rate during the same period in England and Wales was 35*2. The average annual
birth-rate during these ten years ranged in the different English counties from 30-2 and 30*4 in
Westmoreland and Hereford, to 41*1 and 42*0 in Stafford and Durham. During the first six years of
the current decade the birth-rate in Devonshire averaged 297 per 1000, and showed a decrease of
1*6 from the average rate in the ten preceding years, a result partly due to the decline in the marriage-
rate. In England and Wales the number of children to a marriage averages nearly four, and the
birth-rate in a population depends to a considerable extent upon the marriage-rate, and upon the mean
age at marriage. During the twenty years 1851-70 the number of births registered in England and
Wales was in the proportion of 4' 14 to each marriage recorded during the same period, while in
Devonshire the number was but 3-80 ; the number of children born to a marriage in Devonshire is
therefore slightly below the average proportion in England and Wales, which is probably due to the
fact that in Devonshire, as in most other counties of a mainly agricultural character, the mean age at
marriage is higher than it is in those counties in which a considerable proportion of the population is
engaged in manufacturing or mining.
The Deaths registered in Devonshire during the ten years 1861-70 were 121,091, and equal to
an average annual death-rate of 20'3 per 1000 persons living, which was almost identical with the
rate that prevailed in each, of the two preceding decades. The annual death-rate in Devonshire during
the thirty years 1841-70 averaged 20 per 1000, and was 2 per 1000 below the average annual
death-rate in England and Wales during the same period. During the most recent decade, 1861-70,
the average annual death-rate in the different English counties ranged from 18"0 in Westmorland, to
27 '2 in Lancashire. Agricultural counties almost invariably show considerably lower death-rates
than do those counties in which a large proportion of the population resides in towns ; it should be
remembered moreover that, sanitary conditions being equal, the age distribution of all rural
populations would cause a higher death-rate than the age distribution which is invariably found
to prevail in urban populations. The excessive proportion of young adults in urban popula-
tions, while it causes a high birth-rate and also an undue proportion of young children, reduces
the proportion of elderly peoi^le, and should therefore cause a lower death-rate than that pre-
vailing in rural populations, Avhere contrary proportions prevail. Since 1870 the death-rate in
Devonshire has slightly declined, and averaged 19-5 per 1000 during the six years 1871-76, in
which the annual rate ranged from 20*9 in 1871, to 18'4 in 1873. Plymouth, Devonport, East
Stonehouse, and Exeter, are the only towns in Devonshire that are included in the list of seventy
large towns in England and Wales, for which special mortality statistics are published by the
Eegistrar- General. The death-rate in the borough of Plymouth (the population of which is estimated
at 73,599 persons in the middle of 1878) was equal to 24-0 in 1871, 22-3 in 1872, 19-2 in 1873,
22-4 in 1874, 20-9 in 1875, 22-1 in 1876, and 21*7 in 1877 ; thus the death-rate in the seven
years averaged 21*8 per 1000, and exceeded by nearly 2 per 1000 the average annual rate in the
entire county, while it was however considerably below the rate prevailing in most other large
English towns. The mortality in Plymouth due to the seven principal zymotic diseases was however
excessive, and was equal to an annual rate of 37 per 1000 ; zymotic fatality thus caused 17 per
cent, of the mortality from all causes. In the borough of Devonport the annual death-rate from all,
causes during the five years 1871-75 averaged 20*0 per 1000, and in 1876 was equal to 20-9 ; the rate
from the seven zymotic diseases averaged 3*9 per 1000 in the five years, and was 4*1 in 1876. Thus
the zymotic death-rate was higher in Devonport than in Plymouth, and showed a still larger propor-
tion of the death-rate from all causes. In East Stonehouse the death-rate from all causes averaged
24-4 per 1000 in the five years 1871-75, while the death-rate from the seven zymotic diseases was
so high as 47 per 1000. It is much to be regretted that Plymouth, Devonport, and East Stonehouse
do not form a combined sanitary district in order that they might have the advantage of one medical
officer of he?ilth, who, not engaged in private practice, should devote his whole time to the public
Vital StatistioH of Devonshire. 85
health of the district ; at present Plymouth, Devonport, and East Stonehouse have each a separate
medical officer of health, with a comparatively nominal salary, and each engaged in private practice.
In the city of Exeter the annual death-rate during the five years 1871-75 averaged no less than
25-1 per 1000, ranging from 26-8 in 1872 to 21-6 in 1874; in 1876 the rate was 21-9. The
zymotic death-rate averaged 3 2 in the five years 1871-75, and dechned to 2*1 in 1876. Exeter in
recent years has continuously shown an excessive death-rate, and an especially high rate of infant
mortality ; and yet the city may be said to be practically without the services of a medical officer of
health, inasmuch as the town council as the urban sanitary authority have appointed the poor-law
medical officers the nominal medical officers of health, and vote annually the sum of twenty-five
guineas to be shared between them in lieu of salary.
The natural increase to the population of the registration county of Devonshire, by excess of
births over deaths during the ten years 1861-70, was 65,996, while the increase in the enumerated
population of the county between the two censuses of 1861 and 1871 was 16,824. Assuming that
all the births and deaths during the ten years were registered, it appears that the emigration from the
county exceeded the immigration during the decade by 49,172 persons; it may be estimated that to
this extent Devonshire contributed during the ten years to the increase of population in other parts
of England and Wales, in our colonies, and in other parts of the world.
8ANITARY Okganisation. — By the Public Health Acts of 1872 and 1875 the control of the
public health of England and Wales was vested in various urban and rural sanitary authoritiep. Town
councils, local boards, and improvement commissioners were all constituted urban sanitary authorities.
Boards of guardians were by the same Acts created rural sanitary authorities, and invested with public
health responsibilities extending over the whole of the union or registration districts not included
within an urban sanitary district. Although no official list of the various sanitary authorities and
their officers has yet been published, the following facts relating to the sanitary organisation of the
county of Devonshire may be taken as approximately correct. The county contains 30 urban and
16 rural sanitary authorities. Although there are three combined sanitary districts within the county,
as many of the rural sanitary authorities as well as the town council of Exeter have appointed more
than one medical officer of health, the number of medical officers of health considerably exceeds that
of the sanitary authorities ; there are 29 medical officers of health in the 16 rural sanitary districts,
all but one of whom are engaged in private practice, while in the 30 urban districts there are 31
medical officers of health, who are also, with scarcely an exception, in private practice. The rural
sanitary districts of Bideford, Okehampton, South Molton, Torrington, and Dulverton (in Somerset-
shire) together form a combined sanitary district, to which Mr. A. Wynter Blyth has been appointed
medical officer of health, at a salary of £550 per annum, and devotes himself entirely to public
hygiene. The rural sanitary district of Newton Abbot, together with the urban districts of Dawlish
and Wolborough, form a combined sanitary district, of which Mr. Leonard Armstrong is medical
officer of health, at a salary of £4*00 per annum. Mr. Samuel Rhind is medical officer of health of
the third combined sanitary district in Devonshire, consisting of the two urban sanitary districts of
Torquay and St. Mary Church, at a salary of £400 per annum. The town council of Plymouth, with
a population estimated at 73,599, have fixed the salary of their medical officer of health, who is in
private practice, at £100 per annum, or just a quarter of the salary paid to their medical officer of
health by the urban sanitary authorities of Torquay and St. Mary Church, which have a population
probably not exceeding 30,000 persons. Of the remaining 56 medical officers of health in Devon-
shire, not one receives a salary exceeding £50 a year, while in the large majority of cases the
remuneration for their public health services is merely nominal, and in many instances these officers
are said to be paid by fees when their services are required. In the aggregate, however, these 60
medical officers of health holding office within the county of Devonshire, receive in the form of
salary about £2500 per annum. Efficiency in the administration of public health in Devonshire
would undoubtedly be promoted by an extension of the system of combination among the numerous
sanitary districts ; the number of medical officers of health would thus be reduced, but with scarcely
any increase in the cost ; the services of specially qualified professors of public hygiene might thus be
secured, who, being debarred from private practice, would be able to devote themselves entirely to
the promotion of sanitation.
Education. — It will be useful now briefly to consider the educational condition of the county of
Devonshire. The Eegistrar-General's annual reports since 1837, when civil registration commenced,
afford the means for tracing the progress of elementary education in different parts of England and
Wales during nearly forty years. These reports contain tables showing the proportions of those
married in each year who signed the marriage register in writing or by mark. In 1841 no less than
40*8 per cent, of the persons married signed the register by mark ; the percentage of illiterate males
was 32-7, and of females, 48-8. Thirty-five years afterwards, in 1876, the proportion of persons
married who signed the register by mark had declined from 40*8 to 19*2 ; the proportion of males
who signed by mark had fallen in 1876 to 16-3j and that of females to 22-1. The decline of ignorance
86 Vital Statistics of r>evoiisliire»
among persons married in England and Wales during the period 1841-76, estimated in this manner,
was equal to 52-9 per cent. ; among males it was 50*2, and among females 54*7 per cent. Not-
withstanding the decrease of ignorance in these thirty-five years, one in every six males, and more than
one in every five females, married in England and Wales in 187G, confessed their inability to write by
signing the register with a mark. The proportion of ignorance, estimated by that of persons unable
to write their names at marriage, is greater in towns and manufacturing districts than among rural
populations. The rate of decline in the proportion of persons signing the marriage register with a
mark has shown a marked increase in recent years, and it is possible that the returns are already
beginning to be affected by the Education Act of 1870.
The proportion of persons signing the marriage register by mark was first shown in counties in
the Registrar-General's report for 1850. During that year 31-4 per cent, of the persons married in
Devonshire signed the register with a mark ; the proportion of males was 26*0, and of females 36*8
per cent. In 1876 the proportion of persons in the county who at marriage could not write their
names had fallen to 13*7 per cent., among males to 12*6, and among females to 14*7 per cent. Since
1850 the proportion of persons who could not write showed a decline of 56*4 per cent., the decline in
the ignorance of bridegrooms was equal to 51*5, and of brides to 60*1 per cent. In England and
Wales in 1850, to each 100 males who could not write their names at marriage there Avere 149
females who confessed to the same disability ; in 1876 the proportion of females to each 100 males
who did not write their names had declined to 136. In towns and manufacturing districts males are
usually better educated than females, whereas the reverse is almost invariably the case in agricultural
districts. In Devonshire, in 1850, the number of married women who signed the marriage register
with a mark was 142 to 100 males, who exhibited this degree of ignorance; in 1876 the proportion
of women who did not sign their names was as 117 to 100 men. The decline of ignorance in
Devonshire in recent years has therefore been relatively much greater among women than among
men.
In sixty-seven of the largest English towns the proportion of persons signing the marriage register
with a mark in 1870 ranged from 10*1 and 10*6 in Cheltenham and Brighton, to 55*4 and 61*7 per
cent, respectively in Merthyr Tydfil and Dudley. In Plymouth, East Stonehouse, and Devonport,
18*2 per cent, of the persons married in 1870 signed the marriage register with a mark ; in 1876 the
proportion had declined to 11 '1 per cent. In Exeter, however, the proportion of persons married
who signed the register by mark increased from ll'O in 1870, to 12*1 per cent, in 1876. In Plymouth,
as in the whole county, education appears recently to have made more progress among females than
among males ; in Exeter, however, the increase of ignorance among males was larger than among
females.
According to the most recently published Eeport of the Committee of Council on Education
there were on March 31, 1877, within the county of Devonshire 131 school boards then in existence.
These school board districts had in 1871 a population of 371,046 persons, and therefore it may be
estimated that the education of about 62 per cent, of the present population of the county is under
the control of school boards. The total expenditure of these 131 school boards for the year ending
September 29, 1876, was returned as slightly less than £80,000, and the total liability incurred to
the same date was about £140,000. Estimated by the proportion that prevailed in 1871, the number
of children living in Devonshire at the school board ages, in the middle of the year 1876, was
145,042 ; according to the education report, before referred to, the average attendance of children at
elementary schools in Devonshire in 1876 did not, however, exceed 45,102, or less than a third of the
number of children living at the school ages.
Pauperism. — The proportion of pauperism in England and Wales has shown a marked and
steady decline in recent years ; notwithstanding the increase of population, the average weekly num-
ber of paupers (in-door and out-door) returned in 1876 showed a decline of 32 per cent, from the
average weekly number in 1870. On tlanuary 1, 1876, the number of in-door and out-door paupers
relieved in England and Wales was 752,887, equal to 31 per 1000 of the estimated population, of
whom twenty-five were receiving out-door, and six in-door relief. The proportion of paupers in
Devonshire at the same date was 45 per 1000 .persons living, of whom forty received out-door, and
five in-door relief. The proportion of out-door to in-door paupers, which at the beginning of 1876
was four to one in England and Wales, Avas 7*5 to one in Devonshire. On January 1, 1876, the pro-
portion of pauper lunatics to total paupers averaged 7*3 per cent, in England and Wales, whereas in
Devonshire the proportion was but 5*1 per cent. The rateable value of the county of Devonshire
for poor law purposes, according to most recent returns, is £2,616,112; and the amount raised as
poor-rates, and expended for the relief of the poor, within the county during the year ending Lady-
day 1876, was £317,720, and equal to about 2s. 5d. in the pound, whereas in the whole of England
and Wales the rate did not average more than Is. Sd. in the pound. The expenditure for the relief
of the poor in England and Wales in the year ending Lady-day, 1876, showed a decline of two per
cent, from that in the preceding year ; in Devonshire the expenditure for this purpose showed a
"Vital Statistics of Devonshire.
87
•decline of 2'4 per cent. During the year 1876, in England and Wales, 5-7 per cent, of the deaths
registered were recorded in workhouses, showing a slight increase upon the proportion which pre-
vailed in preceding years. In Devonshire the deaths occurring in workhouses did not exceed 4*0 per
cent., owing in great measure to the larger proportion of out-door relief which is dispensed in the
county.
THE HUNDREDS.
In the following enumerations the boroughs are included in the hundreds in which they are
locally situated.
Axminster Hundred is in the Eastern division of the county, and forms the north-eastern ex-
txemity of the county. It is bounded on the east by Dorsetshire and Somersetshire, and on the south
by about six miles of the coast of the English Channel, extending eastward from Axmouth to the
vicinity of Lyme Regis. It includes the towns of Honiton and Axminster, and extends 14 miles
northward to the lofty hills where the three counties join, and where the rivers Otter and Yarty
have their sources, the former running to Honiton, Ottery, &c., and the latter to the river Axe,
which runs from Axminster to Axmouth. These small rivers receive here many tributary streams
from the bold hills and deep valley which occupy three-fourths of this hundred. By 7 & 8 Vict. c. 61,
Stockland parish (including Dalwood), formerly detached members of Dorsetshire, were, in October
1844, added to this hundred; and Beerhall, a tithing of Axminster parish, and Thorncombe were
added to Dorsetshire.
^ The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the number of
inhabited houses and population, in 1871 : —
1 Parishes
1 Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population;
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
■j
1 Axminster (a)
1 Axmouth (part of) .
§ 2 Coombe Eawleigh .
1 Coombepyne .
1 Dalwood (a) .
§ 2 Honiton Borough .
1 Kilmington .
§ 2 Luppitt .
1 Membury
6617
4723
1747
796
1 1709
3066
1760
4293
4089
635
134
64
30
107
677
105
130
157
2852 !
702
268 i
121
482
3464
568 I
649 1
733
1
1 Musbury
Roosdown
1 Stockland (a) .
1 Uplyme .
§2 Upottery
t 2 Yarcombe
Total
2178
200
5849
3199
5830
4689
113
3
224
215
183
151
536
16
1080
961
868
757
50745
2818
14067
NoTKS. — Marked § are in Honiton union, f Card union, and the rest in Axminster union ; 1 are in Axminster
and 2 in Honiton division ; (a) see preceding remarks.
Bampton Hundred, in the Northern division of the county, is picturesquely undulated, and has a
bold range of hills on its northern boundary, adjoining Somersetshire. It is bounded on the south
by Tiverton hundred and borough, and has a variable soil, chiefly a heavy clay, with a gravelly sub-
soil. It is noted for its fine breed of sheep, and for its extensive quarries of limestone, great quan-
tities of which are sent for building and agricultural purposes along the Grand Western Canal, which
crosses the east end of the hundred. (See Tiverton.)
The following enumeration of the parishes, &c., in the hundred, shows their territorial extent,
and the number of inhabited houses and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
I Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Bampton
* Burlescombe (a)
K Clayhanger i
■• Hockworthy .
7785
3768
2083
2526
423
170
51
67
1928
788
262
371
• * Holcombe Kogus .
t Morebath
Uffculme
3024
3449
6122
146
95
421
743
447
1880
Total
28757
1373
6419
Notes. — Marked * are in Wellington union, and f in Dulverton union, both of wliicli unions are mostly in
lersetshire ; the rest are in Tiverton union ; all are in Cullompton division.
*** (a) Burlescombe extends into Halberton hundred, but the whole of the parish rs here returned.
Black Torrington Hundred is a large and picturesque district in the Southern parliamentary
division of the county, and averages about 20 miles in length and 15 in breadth. It is bounded on
' the north by the river Torridge ; on the east by the small river Okement; on the south by Dartmoor
and Lifton hundred ; and on the west by Cornwall, from which it is divided by the river Tamar.
'j3]his river rises near the sources of the Torridge, at the north-western extremity of the hundred,
within five miles of the sea.
88
History of" I>evoiisliire,
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and their inhabited
houses and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population!
1
1 * Abbot's Bickington
1078
8
60
2 § Jacobstowe .
2856
37
190
2 § Ashbury
1700
8
50
1 * Luffincott .
971
12
62
1 * Ashwater .
8587
168
849
1 * Milton Damerell .
4252
123
619
2 § Beauworthy .
3806
48
284
2 § Monk Okehamp-
2 § Belstone
1500
37
134
ton
1488
47
237
1 * Black Torrington .
7200
200
997
2 § Northlew .
7247
175
861
Boyton (part of) (a)
3 t North Petherwin .
8157
182
999
1 \ Northcott
802
18
87
Okeharapton (pt. of)
1 » Bradford .
3468
85
372
2 § Kigbeare (a) .
—
—
—
2 § Bradwood Kelly .
2666
73
353
1 ^ Pancraswick
3782
66
352
1 * Bradworthy .
9586
176
930
1 * Py worthy .
5021
107
630
1 * Bridgerule .
3219
80
417
2 § Sampford Cour-
1 * Clawton
5358
105
520
teriay .
7962
202
1095
1 * Cookbury .
2710
48
225
1 * Sutcombe
3593
83
420
2 § Exbourne
2121
96
464
1 * Tetcott
2181
58
276
1 * Halwell
3426
47
243
1 * Thornbury .
2772
73
359
2 § Hatherleigh .
7048
324
1684
3 * St. Giles in the
2 § Highampton.
3039
70
361
Heath
3044
66
356
1 * Hollacombe .
1218
19
92
3 J Werrington .
51)00
137
709
1 * Holsworthy .
8836
338
1645
1 t West Putford
2620
61
290
2 § Honeychurch
2 § Inwardleigh .
607
6281
9
45
119
632
Total
145202
3505
17787
Notes. — Marked * are in Holsworthy union ; § in Okehampton union ; | in Launceiton union (Cornwall) ; and
t in Bideford union ; 1 are in Holsworthy ; 2, Hatherleigh, and 3, Lifton division.
\* (a) Boyton parish is mostly in Cornwall; Kigbeare is returned with Okehampton parish, which is mostly
in Lifton hundred.
Braunton Hundred is a picturesque and irregularly formed district, bounded on the west and
north by the Bristol Channel, and on the south-west by the estuary of the river Taw, from Barnstaple
to the Bay. Its coast presents to the sea a bold and circuitous line of cliffs and rocky promontories,
extending from Barnstaple or Bideford Bay to Trentishoe, a distance of 24 miles. It includes Barn-
staple, Ilfracombe, Combmartin, &c., and its northern and western parishes form a hilly district,
extending to the borders o£ Somersetshire and Exmoor Forest. The whole hundred is in the Northern
parliamentary division of Devon.
The following enumeration of its parishes, &c., shows their territorial extent, and the number o£
inhabited houses and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited j
Houses
Population
1 Ashford
359
33
152
Goodleigh .
1167
64
261
Barnstaple par. {a)
1102
1717
8918
Heanton Punchar-
1 Berrynarbor .
4958
159
751
dou .
3020
105
616
Bishop's Tawton (a)
Ilfracombe .
5583
954
4721
(part of)
—
223
1031
Kentisbury .
3129
76
424
1 Bittadon
1018
10
56
1
Marwood
5396
216
995
1 Bratton Fleming .
5845
129
578
i 1
Morthoe
4621
66
352
1 Braunton
11983
469
2114
Pilton (a) .
1861
435
2033
1 Combmartin
3815
337
1418
Trentishoe .
1571
23
106
2 * East Buckland .
1385
23
214
2
* West Buckland .
1772
51
332
1 East Down .
3643
84
406
1
West Down .
4059
110
492
2 * Filleigh
2038
74
370
1 Georgeham .
4229
165
716
Total
72554
5523
26966
Notes. — Marked * are in South Molton union, the others in Barnstaple union ; 1 are in Braunton and 2 South
Molton division.
*^* (a) Barnstaple municipal borough comprises Barnstaple parishes and parts of those of Pilton and Bishop's
Tawton, the latter of which is partly in South Molton hundred.
Cliston Hundred, which is in the Eastern parliamentary division of the county, is only about
six miles in length and breadth, and extends from live to eleven miles north-east of Exeter, It is a
fertile district, watered by the small rivers Culm and Clist, and traversed by the Bristol and Exeter
Railway.
History of* Devonsliire.
89
The following enumeration of the parishes, &c., shows their territorial extent, and the number
of inhabited houses and population of each parish, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited Houses
Population
2 Broad Clist
3 * Butterleigh
2 Clist Hydon
2 Clist St. Lawrence
1 Whimple
Total
9188
479
1725
1060
3019
461
32
71
33
148
2289
146
309
166
720
15471
745
3630
Notes. — Marked * is in Tiverton union; the rest are in St. Thomas union; 1 is in Ottery, 2, Wonford, and 3,
CuUompton division.
Coleridge Hundred extends southward from Totnes along the navigable river Dart to Dart-
mouth, and thence along the coast of Start Bay to Salcombe Haven, and is in the Southern parlia-
mentary division of the county. Its greatest length from Totnes to Start and Prawle Points is
sixteen miles, and the breadth varies from seven to four miles. It is encompassed on three sides by
tidal waters, and is generally a fertile district, rich in picturesque scenery and splendid marine views.
The following enumeration of its parishes, &c., shows their territorial extent, and the number of
inhabited houses and population of each parish, in 1871 ; —
Parishes
Acres
Inliabited
Houses
Population
Paiishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
* Ashprington
2790
128
565
Sherford .
2326
88
419
Blackawton
5646
257
1241
* St. Petrox (a) .
75
146
859
Buckland Tout Saints
551
10
62
* St. Saviour (a) .
85
364
2329
Charleton
2779
125
540
Slapton .
3430
140
640
Chivelstone
2806
107
473
South Poole
2289
87
421
* Cornworthy
2721
99
471
Stoke Fleming (a)
3332
146
735
* Dittisham
3438
160
698
Stokenhani
6011
365
1628
Dcdbrooke
464
263
1245
* Totnes parish (b)
1043
616
3468
East Portlemouth .
2143
82
287
* Townstal (a) .
1758
307
2080
* Halwell .
3666
71
348
* Harberton
5755
283
1315
Total
53108
3844
19914
Notes. — Marked * are in Totnes union, the remainder in Kingsbridge union ; all except the boroughs are in
Stanborough and Coleridge division.
*** (a) St. Petrox, St. Saviour, Townstal, and part of Stoke Fleming form Dartmouth municipal borough; and
(b) Totnes parish, with part of Berry Pomeroy (in Haytor hundred), that of Totnes.
Colyton Hundred is an irregularly formed dif^trict, averaging about six miles in breadth, and
eight in length, and bounded on the south by the English Channel, on the west by East Budlcigh
hundred, Ottery St. Mary, and the borough of Honiton, and on the north and east by Axminster
Hundred. It is in the Eastern parliamentary division of the county.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows the territorial extent, and the number of
inhabited houses and population of each parish, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes j Acres "^^ousef
Populationi
2 Branscombe
1 * Colyton
2 Cotleigh
2 Farway
2 Monkton
2 North Leigh
2 Oifwell.
3487
7196
1218
2578
1233
994
2206
204
510
41
73
20
53
85
951
2479
178
375
103
248
367
1 Seaton (incl. Beer)
2 * South Leigh .
l*Shute .
2 Widworthy .
Total
1
2821
2579
2738
1437
436
64
140
32
2155 i
319
747
141
28487
1685
8063
Notes.
division.
-Marked * are in Axminster union; the others in Honiton union; 1 are in Axminster and 2 Honiton
Crediton Hundred, in the Northern parliamentary division of the county, is in the centre of
Devonshire, extends from two to twelve miles north-west of Exeter, and varies from six to four miles
in breadth. It is bounded on the east by the ^mall river Greedy, and traversed by the London and
South- Western and North Devon Eailway.
90
Himtotry of l>evonwliii»e.
The following onumeration of the parishes in the hundred shows their territorial extent, and the
number of inhabited houses and population of each parish, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited Houses
Population
Colebrooke
4989
178
787
Crediton
12309
1282
6778 !
Kennerleigh
732
18
83
Morchard Bishop
7088
324
1473 1
Newton St. Cjres
4305
• 224-
960 '
Sandford
7793
358
1630
Sherwood Villa
Total . . . . .
1
4
37216
2385
10716
Note. — All are in Crediton union and division.
East Budleigh Hundred, in the Eastern parliamentary division of the county, is about seven
miles in breadth, and extends more than ten miles in length along the sea-coast from Exmouth to
Salcombe Eegis, but Ottery St. Mary, which lies within its limits, is a separate liberty. It is gene-
rally a fertile and picturesque district, and includes the bathing places of Exmouth, Sidmouth, and
Budleigh Salterton. It is intersected by the rivers Otter and Sid, and bounded on the west by the
broad estuary of the Exe.
The following enumeration of its parishes shoAvs the territorial extent, and the number of
inhabited houses and population, of each parish in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Aylesbeare —
2 Harpford
1518
53
258
2 Aylesbeare
1 r
84
414
3 Lympstone .
1400
247
1013
2 Newton Popple-
I 2948 i
3 Otterton
3479
233
1103
ford . .
J L
147
676
2 Eockbeare .
2375
106
485
3 Bicton .
1294
32
181
2 * Salcombe Rej
;xs .
2605
101
604
3 Clist St. George .
1066
63
306
2 * Sidbury.
6827
355
1594
3 CHst Honiton
1725
73
353
2 * Sidmouth
1600
697
3360
3 Clist St. Mary
582
36
173
2 * Ven Ottery
918
19
88
3 Colyton Raleigh .
3757
184
812
Withycombe
Raw-
2 Dotton .
214
2
11
leigh—
3 East Budleigh
3277
615
2897
3 Withycombe Eaw-
3 Farringdon .
2015
59
308
leigh
} .an {
135
620
1 * Gittisham
2067
78
376
3 Exmouth (pt. of)
476
2252
Littleham parish —
3 "Woodbury .
7804
424
1967
3 Exmouth (pt. ot;
3 Littleham
\ 3651 1
706
53
3408
244
Total
53739
4978
23403
Notes. — Marked * are in Honiton union, and the remainder in St. Thomas union ; 1 is in Honiton division, 2
are in Ottery, and 3 in Woodbury division.
Ermington Hundred, which is in the Southern parliamentary division of the county, extends
fourteen miles northward from Bigbury Bay, and averages about six miles in breadth. The northern
part of it comprises a portion of the hilly region of Dartmoor Forest, whence the river Erme flows
southward to the ocean at Bigbury Bay, where the Avon also empties itself through an estuary
which forms the south-east boundary of this hundred.
The following enumeration of its- parishes shows their tei-ritorial extent, and the number of
inhabited houses and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
\ Aveton GifFord
X Bigbury
* Cornwood
* Ermington
* Harford
* Holbeton
t Kinsrston
Acres
3182
3167
10680
4952
2050
4748
2373
Inhabited
191
99
209
413
27
210
108
Population
839
465
1080
2010
171
953
489
Parishes
Modbury
Newton Ferrers
Eingmore
Ugborough
Total
6258
3091
1128
8659
I 50288
'"S^S^^^^
338 I 1751
153 i 732
51 i 237
292 I 1523
2091
10250
Notes. — Marked * are in Plympton St. Mary union ; | in Kingsbridge union ; and § in Totnes union. All are
in Ermington and Plympton division.
Histoid or I>evoiisliire.
91
Exminster Hundred is of an irregular oval figure, extending about ten miles southward from
the boundary of the county of the city of Exeter, and averaging about seven miles in breadth. It
is in the Eastern parliamentary division of the county, and is bounded on the east by the broad
estuary of the river Exe, and on the south by the estuary of the Teign and the English Channel. It
is a fertile and picturesque district, rising boldly to the west, and comprising the pleasant bathing
places of Teignmouth and Dawlish, and the small market town of Chudleigh. Its eastern side, near
the Exe, is traversed by the South Devon Kailway.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the number of
inhabited houses and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
2 Ashcombe .
2 Ashton.
1 * Bishopsteignton .
1 * Chudleigh .
1 * Dawlish
2 Doddiscorabeleigh .
2 Dunchideock.
1 * East Teignmouth .
2 Exminster .
2 Ide .
1932
1709
4748
6037
5512
2391
950
745
5817
1435
37
48
238
459
831
66
31
400
245
157
213
255
1039
2042
4241
300
131
2443
1922
632
2 Kenn .
2 Kenton.
2 Marahead
2 Powderham .
2 Shillingford St.
George
1 * Trusham
1 * "West Teignmouth .
5412
6811
1165
1947
1397
749
493
223
399
38
52
13
49
832
1014
1858
192
235
67
219
4308
Total
48050
4118
21111
Notes. — Marked * are in Newton Abbot, the others in St. Thomas's union ; 1 are in Teignbridge, and 2 Wonford
division.
Fremington Hundred is in the Northern parliamentary division of the county, and extends
about eleven miles southward from Barnstaple to Great Torrington and the vale of the river Torridge.
It is bounded on the north by the estuaiy of the Taw, and on the north-west by the estuary of the
Torridge.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the number of
inhabited houses and the population, in 1871 : —
Paiishes
Acres
2 Alverdiscott .
3 * Fremington .
2 Great Torrington
3 * Horwood
2 Huntshaw
3 * Instow .
3 * Newton Tracey
2273
6810
3456
860
2050
1916
336
Inhabited
Houses
Population
66
324
273
1324
727
3529
24
118
39
211
127
647
30
108
Parishes
2 Koborough .
2 St. Giles in the
Wood .
3 * Tawstock
1 * West Leigh .
Total
Acres
3114
4827
6582
2616
34840
Inhabited
Houses
89
188
247
101
1911
Population
470
977
1199
476
9383
Notes. — Marked * are in Barnstaple union, and the rest in Torrington union ; 1, Bideford, 2, Great Torrington,
and 3, Braunton division.
Halberton Hundred is a small district in the Northern division of the county. The following
enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the number of inhabited houses and
population, in 1871 : —
Parishes Acres Inhabited Houses | Population
*Burlescombe (part of) (a) J — — - —
Halberton . . . . . . . . 1 5755 326 1544
Sampford Peverell 2000 159 i 784
Uplowman (part of) («)...., . — — —
Willand 989 83 ; 370
Total 8744
568 2698
Notes. — Marked * is in Wellington union (Somerset); the rest in Tiverton union. All are in CuUompton
division.
*^e* (a) Burlescombe parish is mostly in Bampton hundred, and Uplowman parish in Tiverton hundred ; the
complete returns are given with those hundreds.
92
Iliwtoi:*3^ of* Uevoiisliii^fii
Hartland Hundued is a small district on the north coast of Devon, about eight miles in length
and five in breadtli, bounded on the north and west by the Bristol Channel, and on the south by a
small part of Cera, all and the river Torridge, which, though it rises within a few miles of the ocean,
runs inland in a very Avinding course of more than thirty miles to the mouth of the Taw. Hartland is
the bold lieadhind which stretches out into the sea between Barnstaple or Bideford Bay, and Bude
liay. The surliijc rises in bold cliffs from the beach, and in lofty hills from the picturesque valleys
of several rivuleiia and the river Torridge.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871.
Parishes
Clovelly .
Hartland
Lundy Isle (a)
Welcombe
Woolfardisworchy ,
*Yarnscombe .
Total
Acres
3502
16700
920
1751
5798
3047
31718
Inhabited Houses
188
394
10
39
148
81
860
Population
759
1871
144
232
749
384
4139
Notes, — Marked * is in Torrington union and Great Torrington division, being a widely detached member
this hundred ; the rest are in Bideford union and division.
*^* (a) Lundy Isle is stiil stated to be extra-parochial and not in any union.
Hayridge Hundred, in the Northern parliamentary division o£ the county, is of an irregular
figure, extending about sixteen miles from east to west, and varying from nine to six in breadth. Its
soil is various, but generally fertile, and its surface is picturesquely diversified with hill and valley,
and wood and water. It includes the market town of Cullompton ; and those of Exeter, Tiverton,
Honiton, and Ottery St. Mary are within a few miles of its boundaries. It is crossed by the Bristol.
and Exeter Railway, and the branch to Tiverton ; and watered by the rivers Exe and Culm, and
several of their tributary streams.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, m 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
1 Bickleigh
Blackborough .
1 Bradninch
*1 Broadhembury
1 Cadbury.
1 Cadeleigh
1 Cullompton .
*2 Feniton .
1 Kentisbeare .
§4 Nether Exe .
1835
508
4351
4703
1899
2191
7370
1822
3720
450
58
12
406
167
55
71
678
75
182
16
284
52
1914
787
261
315
2967
333
899
80
*1 Payhembury .
*1 Plymtree
§ Re we (part of)— .
4 Up Exe
n Sheldon .
1 SilvertOQ
*3 Talaton .
1 Thorveton
Total
2698
2185
1681
4714
2365
4036
113
94
21
34
269
103
256
508
432
93
174
1288 1
480
1082 ,
J
46528
2610
119581
Notes. — Marked * are in Honiton union, § in St. Thomas union, and the others in Tiverton union
Cullumpton, 2, Honiton, 3, Ottery, 4, Wonford division.
1 are i|
Haytor Hundred, which is in the Eastern parliamentary division of the coimty, includes tn(
towns of Torquay, Brixton, Paignton, and Newton Abbot, and is mostly of an irregular triangulai
figure, extending south-east from the vicinity of Ashburton to Dartmouth ; northward from the lattei
to Tor Bay, Babbacombe Bay, and Stoke-in-Teignhead ; and westward from the latter to Newton lau
Ashburton. It has a detached member from four to six miles further to the north-west, com*
prising the parishes of AVidecombe and Buckland, in the mountainous and rugged district of Darl
moor, near the Ilaytor rock granite quarries, from which the hundred has its name. The navigabli
river Dart bounds it on the south-west, and the sea on the east ; and it is crossed by the South Devoi
Railway, which has a branch to the beautiful watering-place of Torquay.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houscj
and population, in 1871 ; — ,
History of Devonshire.
93
Parisbes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
3 Abbots Kerswell .
1461
99
453
*1 Marldon.
2327
121
559
*2 33erry Pomeroy (a) .
4525
209
1090
*1 Paignton.
5092
728
3590
*1 Brixham
5612
1388
6542
1 St. Mary Church .
2689
877
4626
3 Broadhempston
2047
138
592
*3 Staverton
5366
186
876
3 Bucklandin theMoor
1458
23
108
^^1 Stoke Gabriel .
3075
146
684
l Churston Ferrers .
2532
136
731
3 Torbrian.
2010
40
218
1 Coekington
1209
33
188
1 Tormahon -with
3 Coffinswell
1126
40
193
Torquay
1465
3071
21657
3 Denbury
1068
91
348
3 "Widecombe in the
3 Ipplepen
4675
220
1006
Moor .
10614
175
901
3 Kiugskerswell
1744
192
960
3 Wolborough with
*2 Kingsweare .
97
90
415
Newton Abbot .
1231
1155
6082
*2 Little Hempston .
1270
53
231
Total .
62583
9211
52055
Notes. — Marked * are in Totnes union, and the rest in Newton Abbot union ; 1 form Paignton division, 2 are in
Stanborough, and 3, Teignbridge division.
*^* Part of Berry Pomeroy parish is included in the borough of Totnes. Ipplepen includes Woodland civil
parish.
Hemyock Hundred is a small liilly district, of a very irregular form, comprising part o£ the
Black Down Hills, where the river Culm has its sources, on the borders of Somersetshire. It is in
the Northern parliamentary division of the county.
The folio win<j: enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited Houses
Population ^
2 Awliscombe
2569
133
581
2 Buckerell
1559
66
338
*1 Clayhidon
5089
141-
728
*1 Culmstock
3494
221
957
t2 Church Stanton
4980
187
822
2 Duiikeswell
5160
90
428
»*1 Ilemyock
K Total
6437
206
983
28288
1044
4837
Notes. — Marked * are in AVellington union (Somerset), f in Taunton union (Somerset), and the others in Honiton
union; 1 are in Cullompton, and 2, Honiton division.
LiFTON Hundred, on the western side of Devon, extends over 133,300 acres of land, more than
a third of which is in the Avild and hilly district of Dartmoor Forest. (See page 49.) The forest
portion extends abovit sixteen miles from north to south, and from four to six in breadth, and the rest
of the hundred is generally a fertile district, about twelve miles in length and 'breadth, extending
westward to the river Tamar, on the borders of Cornwall ; northward to Okehampton, and southward
to the vicinity of Tavistock. lb gives rise to many rivers and brooks, and is in the Southern parlia-
mentary division of the county.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited
houses and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population!
1
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
2 Bradstone
1257
18
113
3 Lidford .
56333
356
2768
*2 Bratton Clovelly .
8316
137
717 !
*2 Mary stow
2895
79
363
*2 Bridestow
5661
162
762 i
*1 Okehampton .
9552
438
2470
§2 Broadwoodwidger .
8780
146
790
*2 Sourton .
5018
106
532
2 Coryton .
1334
51
243
2 Stowford
2065
95
466
2 Dunterton
1161
24
123
Sydenham Damerel.
1413
101
509
*2 Germansweek
2594
57
305
3 Tavy St. Mary
4180
210
1035
2 Kelly .
1721
41
226
2 Thrushelton .
3714
96
448
3 Lamerton
7232
267
1333
§2 Virginstow
1274
26
130
2 Lewtrenchard
9818
74
319
360
1519
2 Lifton .
5982
i
Total .
133300
2803
15212
Notes. — Marked * are in Okehampton union, and § in Launceston union (Cornwall) ; 1 is in Hatherleigh, 2 are
in Lifton, and 3 in Tavistock division.
94
History of r>evonsliiire.
North Tawton Hundred is a fertile and long narrow district, in the Northern parliamentary
division of the county, stretching about eighteen miles from north to south, and varying from seven
to less than four in breadth. The river Taw ilows through a picturesque valley on its eastern side,
and receives here several tributary streams.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
§4 Ashreigny
5663
165
786
II 1 Atherington .
3326
110
578
*2 Bow Tracey .
2740
199
870
*4 Brushford
894
25
137
t4 Bondleigh
1784
48
254
J4 Burrington
5330
170
854
*4 Chawleigh
5020
150
759
*2 Clanaborough.
874
16
82
*4 Coleridge
3670
113
553
§3 Dolton .
3563
183
881
Parishes
§3 Dowland.
*2 Down St. Mary
*4 Eggesford
§3 High Bickington
*4 Lapford .
*4 Nymet Rowland
H North Tawton
*4 Wembworthy .
*2 Zeal Monachorum
Total
Acres
1735
2229
2500
4194
3819
595
5814
2411
3264
69415
Inhabited
Houses
36
86
29
157
138
18
417
88
110
2267
Population
175
438
167
766
683
98
2081
434
546
11131
Notes. — Marked * are in Crediton, t in Okehampton, § in Torrington, I in South Molton, and
union ; 1 is in Braunton, 2, Crediton, 3, Great Torrington, and 4, South Molton division.
in Barnstaple
Ottery St. Mary Hundred comprises only the parish of Ottery St. Mary, and is in the Eastern
parliamentary division of the county and Honiton union and division. It had 4110 inhabitants in
1871, living in 904 houses on 9942 acres of land.
Plympton Hundred extends more than sixteen miles southward from the hilly region of Dartmoor
Forest to the English Channel, between Plymouth Sound and Bigbury Bay, but it is only from six to
four miles in breadth. It is bounded on the west by the river Plym, which falls into Plymouth Sound ;
and on its south-eastern side it has the estuary of the Yealm. It is crossed by the South Devon
Eailway, and is in the Southern parliamentary division of the county.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Brixton
Plympton Earl's or Maurice
Plympton St. Mary
Plym stock .
Pevelstoke .
Shaugh Prior
Wembury
Yealmpton .
Total
Acres
Inhabited Houses
Population
2945
147
698
232
177
1084
10211
625
3491
3736
659
3222
1541
115
464
8707
107
615
3134
108
531
3371
228
1054
33877
2066
11159
Notes. — All are in Plympton St. Mary union,
and Plympton division.
Marked * is in Midland Koborough, the others in Ermington
Roborough Hundred adjoins the boroughs of Plymouth and Devonport, and forms the south-
western extremity of Devon, bounded on the west by the broad estuary of the river Tamar, and is in
the Southern parliamentary division of the county. It extends about fourteen miles northward from
Plymouth, to the wild and hilly district of Dartmoor Forest, where there are several lead and tin
mines. It is skirted on the east by the river Plym, and traversed by the navigable river Tavy, and
the railway from Dartmoor granite quarries.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited
houses and population, in 1871 : —
History of" I^evoiislilre.
95
rarishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
3 Beer Ferris .
6838
457
2050
§ 1 St. Budeaux .
2649
271
1522
§ 1 Bickleigh .
2365
63
384
3 Sampford Spiney .
1721
101
447
1 Buckland Mona-
1 Sheepstor
3595
20
108
chorum
6338
261
1265
2 Stoke Damerel (a)"
1760
4269
49449
2 East Stonehouse .
190
1340
14585
§ 1 Tamerton Foliott .
4775
254
1145
§ 1 Egg Buckland .
3331
256
1129
3 Tavy St. Peter .
3500
79
365
I 1 Compton Gilford .
1642
225
1347
1 Walkhampton
10540
118
631
§ 1 Laira Green
131
29
123
3 Whitchurch .
5979
229
1098
1 Meavy
§ 1 Pennycross .
3289
69
274
1262
76
435
Total .
58991
5130
41568
Notes and Keferences.— Marked § are in Plympton St. Mary union, and the others in Tavistock union ;
are in Midland Eoborough ; 2, Koborough ; and 3, Tavistock division.
Shebbear Hundred, in the Northern parliamentary division of Devon, and in the north-western
part of the county, is skirted on three sides by the winding stream of the river Torridge, and bounded
on the north-west by Bideford Bay and Hartland hundred. It averages about twelve miles in length
and eight in breadth, and is a picturesque district, having the borough and port of Bideford within its
northern limits, and the towns of Torrington and Hatherleigh near its borders.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
* 1 Abbotsham .
1758
62
421
§ 2 Little Torrington .
2880
118
622
* 1 Alwington .
2655
76
353
! I 2 Marland Peters .
2237
61
316
§ 2 Beaford
3203
125
619
i t 3 Meeth .
2479
50
255
* Bideford .
3196
1335
6969
§ 2 Merton
3738
137
632
* 1 Buckland Brewer .
6157
175
814
* 1 Monkleigh .
2177
124
604
§ 2 Buckland Filleigh.
3037
39
224
* 1 Newton St. Petrock
1556
44
254
* 1 Bulkworthy .
1115
22
114
* 1 Northam
4190
924
4330
* 1 East Putford
2380
31
157
* 1 Parkham
6808
191
936
§ 2 Frethelstock
4382
116
594
§ 2 Petrockstow .
4000
116
570
§ 2 Huish .
986
22
129
§ 2 Shebbear .
6827
192
950
t 3 Iddesleigh .
2952
99
540
§ 3 Sheepwash .
1971
95
462
* 1 Landcross
331
22
115
§ 2 Wear Gilford
1587
102
499
§ 2 Langtree
* 1 Littleham .
4594
173
813 !
1250
78
304 j
Total
76466
4529
22686
Keferences, — Marked * are in Bideford union ; § in Torrington union ; and J in Okehampton union. 1 are in
Bideford ; 2, Great Torrington ; and 3, Hatherleigh division.
Sherwill Hundred is a highly picturesque district of hill and dale at the northern extremity of
Devon, adjoining Exmoor, and in the Northern parliamentary division of the county. It is bounded
on the east by Somersetshire, on the north by the Bristol Channel, on the west by Braunton hundred,
and on the south by the latter and South Molton hundred.
The following enumeration of the parishes shows their territorial extent, and the number of
inhabited houses and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Arlington .
Brendon
Challacombe
*Charles
Count! sbury
High Bray.
Loxhore
2535
6733
6343
2429
3512
4273
1530
41
48
56
68
43
60
57
240
262
283
345
209
250
237
Lynton
Martinhoe .
Parracombe .
Sherwill .
Stoke Rivers
Total .
7193
2549
4363
4762
2426
240
36
76
107
38
1170
2i0
366
625
208
47648
860
4295
Kefekexck. — Marked
^ is in So
uth Moltc
)n union
and division; all the rest
are in Ba
rnstaple i
mion and
Braunton division
South Molton Hundred, in the Northern parliamentary division of the county, is generally a
fertile and hilly district, bounded on the west by the river Taw, on the south by the river Mole, and
on the east by Somersetshire. It is intersected by the river Bray and many smaller streams, and is
of an irregular figure, averaging about thirteen miles in length and ten in breadth, and extending
96
History of I>ovoiisliire.
north-west from the borough of South Molton to that of Barnstaple. It abounds in limestone, and
has several lead and copper mines, especially on its eastern side, where it has a lofty ridge of hills,
adjoining the mountainous region of Exmoor Forest, in which Span Head rises to the altitude of 1668
feet, and some other hills, on the borders of the two counties, to the height of from 1000 to 1500 feet
above tlie level of the sea. This forest contains many Druidicai remains, and gives rise to the Exe,
Barle, Mole, and other rivers.
The ibllowing enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
*Bi shop's Tawton
Chittlehamptou .
East Anstey
Knowstone
*Landkey
Holland
North Molton .
Nympton St. George
4263
8720
3245
4989
3162
6168
14351
2240
402
323
45
92
141
106
355
44
1904
1598
227
465
671
577
1703
227
Satterleigh .
South Molton .
*Swimbridge
Twitch en .
Warkleigh .
West Anstcy
Total .
515
6264
7280
2918
2451
3008
13
855
311
48
58
64
66
3978
1422
249
273
302
69574
2847
13662
Eefbrences. — Marked * are in Barnstaple union and Braunton division, and all the others are in South Molton
union and division. Part of Bishop's Tawton is in Barnstaple borough.
Stanborough Hundred is a long narrow district, in the Southern parliamentary division of the
county, extending more than twenty -two miles southward from the river Dart in Dartmoor Forest, to
the English Channel, between Bolt Head and Tail, and the mouths of Salcombe creek and the river
Avon ; but averaging only about five miles in breadth. It stretches into the hilly region of Dartmoor
on the north-west, and is bounded by the river Dart as low as Totnes, where it is crossed by the
South Devon Railway. It is traversed southward by the Avon, which receives several smaller
streams ; and the haven and creeks from Kingsbridge to the sea form its south-western boundary.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
1
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
^Buckfastleigh .
Churchstow
^Darlington .
*Dean Prior
*Diptford .
East Allington .
*1 Holne .
Kingsbridge
Loddiswell .
Malborough
5928
1877
3248
4165
4154
3646
4197
150
3554
5310
566
56
138
79
135
112
70
321
187
535
2638
431
652
400
706
537
328
1557
804
2492
*Morleigh .
*North Huish
^Battery .
*South Brent
South Huish
South Milton
Thurlestone
West Alvington
Woodleigh .
1487
2662
2823
9374
1150
1556
1898
4110
2319
24
83
89
277
81
77
91
211
43
115
436
459
1449
345
360
381
996
232
Total .
63608
3175.
15327
Eeferences. — Marked * are in Totnes union, the rest in Kingsbridge union,
others are in Stanborough and Coleridge division.
1 is in Teignbridge division, the
Tavistock Hundred is a small liberty on the south-western side of Devonshire, and in the
Southern parliamentary division of the county. It is bounded on the south-west by the river Tamar,
which separates it from Cornwall, and here receives the small river Tavy, and has a canal to Tavistock,
passing through a long tunnel. It has mines of copper, tin, and lead, and is generally a fertile and
jncturesque district, bounded on the east by the mountainous region of Dartmoor Forest.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows the territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871 : —
I'arishcs
Acres
Inhabited Houses
Population
Brent Tor .
Milton Abbot
Tavistock .
.
Total
1212
6617
11450
25
230
1144
120
1008
7781
19279
1399
8909
Note. — All are in Tavistock union and division.
HiHtor.y of Oevonsliir'e.
97
Teignbridge Hundred, which is in the Eastern parliamentary division of the county, averages
about ten miles in length and seven in breadth, and includes the towns of Ashburton and Newton
Bushel, on its southern border, and Moreton Hampstead, near its northern boundary. Its western
side forms part of the eastern hills of Dartmoor Foi-est, including the Haytor granite rock quarries,
which have a railway and canal to the Teign ; but the rest of the hundred is a fertile district of hil's
and valleys, watered by the East and West Teign, which receive here several tributaries, and unite
near Teigngrace, below which the stream becomes navigable.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
ftnd jDopulation, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Ashburton
l-ickingfon
Bovey Tracey
Hennock .
Highweek .
Ideford
Ilsiufftou .
Acres.
6966
1375
7262
3469
2422
1471
7o63
Inhabited
Houses
Topulation
1
681
2962
66
263
421
2133
177
887
361
1626
64
292
229
1160
*
1
Parishes
Kingsteignton .
*Lustleigh .
Manaton .
*Moreton-Hampstead
* North Bovey
Teigngrace
Total
Acres
4021
2939
6393
7666
6664
1329
68620
Inhabited t,„ , ,.
Houses Population
335
64
72
333
104
32
2839
1613
318
403
1661
616
147
13860
Brferences. — All are in Newton Abbot union. Those marked * are in Crockernwell division, the others in
Teignbridge division.
Tiverton Hundred, in the Northern parliamentary division of the county, is picturesquely
undulated and traversed by the Exe and several of its tributary streams.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Calverleigh
Huntsham
Loxbear ....
Tiverton (borough and parish)
Uplowmaa
Total
Acres
Inhabited Houses
Population
501
18
87
1875
43
236
761
29
160
17491
2172
10U24
2912
87
443
23640
2349
10939
Keference. — All are in Tiverton union and Cullompton division.
West Budleigh Hundred is in the Northern parliamentary division of the county, and lies
north and north-east of Crediton, and is only about eight miles long and four broad. It is watered
by the river Greedy and one of its tributaries.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses
and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Cheriton Fitzpaine
Poughill .
Shobrooke
Stockleigli English
Stockleigh Pomeroy
Upton Helions .
*Washfield
Total
Acres
Inhabited Houses
Population
5382
210
936
1663
76
346
3835
140
G26 !
1110
18
83
1239
39
173
819
21
117
3319
87
434
17367
691
2714
. ^ Unions. — Washfield, marked *, which is a detached member of the hundred, is in Tiverton union, and Cullompton
iivisiou; the rest are in Crediton union and division.
WiNKLEiGH Hundred comprises only the parish of Winkleigh, and is in
tnentary division of the county, South Molton division and Torringion union
inhabitants in 1871, living in 229 houses on 9118 acres of land.
the Northern parlia-
It had 1402
WiTHtRiDGE Hundred is a fertile district of hill and valley, of an irregular figure, averaging about
ifleen miles in length and nine in breadth, in the Northern parliamentary division of the county. It
G
98
History oi* Devonsliire,
extends from three to about eighteen miles westward from Tiverton, and to the vicinity of South Molt
and to within about four miles of the boundary of Somerset. It is watered by the small rivers Mox^,
Little Dart, Sturcombe, and Taw, and many tributary streams; and rises into a bold range of hills on
the east and north, but has extensive tracts of rich corn lands and pastures in the valleys.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited
houses and population, ia 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
2 Bishop's Nympton .
9579
237
1155 1
2 Rackenford .
1 3938
85
440
2 Cheldon.
1108
13
82 !
2 Romansleigh .
1 2491
44
208
2 Cliulmleigh .
8815
318
1560 1
2 Rose Ash
' 5082
105
563
2 Creacombe
1050
10
62 1
*1 Stoodleigh
1 4336
91
621
*1 Cruwys Morchiird .
5766
135
645 1
*1 Templeton
j 1895
48
240
2 East Worlington .
2363
46
250
§2 Thelhridgo .
2240
53
281
*1 Highley St. Mary .
370
5
22
§3 Washford Pync
1140
37
171
2 King's Nympton
5539
139
642
2 Witheridge .
9048
256
1213
2 Mariansleigh .
1963
57
260
§3 Woolfardisworthy .
1815
37
201
2 Meshaw .
1751
45
218
2 West Worlington .
2683
34
203
^1 Oakford.
§3 Puddington .
5464
1361
113
44
578
194
Total .
79797
1952
9709
Notes. — Marked * are in Tiverton union ; § in Crediton union ; and the others in South Molton union. 1 are
in Cullompton, 2, South Molton, and 3, Crediton division.
WoNFORD Hundred is in the Eastern parliamentary division of the county, and extends about nine-
teen miles westward and four miles eastward from Exeter, completely encompassing that city, and
adding a considerable population to its suburbs. (See Exeter.) Exclusive of two distant detached
members near Newton Abbot, it is about twenty-three miles in length from east to west, and varies
from eight to four miles in breadth. It is bounded on the east by East Budleigh and Cliston
hundreds, on the south by Exminster and Teignbridge hundreds, and on the west by the extensive
mountainous moorland district of Dartmoor Forest ; large portions of which, near Chagford, Gidleigh,
Throwley and South Tawton, are within its limits. (See Lidford.) It is generally a fertile and
picturesque district, traversed by the Exeter and Okehampton turnpike and other good roads, and
extending down the river Exe to Topsham — the shipping port of Exeter.
The following enumeration of its parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited
houses and population, in 1871 : —
Parishes
Acres
Inhabited
Houses
Population
Parishes
Acres
Inliabited
Houses
Population
m
3 Alphington .
2471
251
1166
3 Rewe (part of) \
Rewe (a) J '
1340
34
193I
3 Brampford Speke .
1642
87
479
1 Bridford
4114
104
508
§ Sherwood villa (b) .
—
1
4
*1 Chagford
7492
317
1530
4 Sowton .
1094
83
398
§1 Cheriton Bishop
4875
130
647
*1 Spreyton
3606
79
418
3 Christow
3218
177
872
3 Stoke Canon .
1217
85
445
t2 Combeinteignhead (c)
2407
108
469
t2 Stokeinteignhead (c)
2531
135
681
*1 Drewsteignton
6937
221
1001
3 St. Leonard .
172
295
1712
2 Dunsford
5948
153
815
t2 St. Nicholas (c) .
790
327
1243
t2 East Ogwell (c) .
1249
58
298
3 St.Thomas the Apostle
3700
934
5156
*1 Gidleigh.
3449
29
154
*1 South Tawton
10879
342
1517
t2 Haccombe (c) .
363
3
7
1 Tedburn St. Mary .
4433
136
721
3 Heavitree
3469
725
3848
*1 Throwleigh .
1943
70
323
§1 Hitt] sleigh .
1155
31
160
3 Topsham
1740
663
3121
3 Holcombe Burnell .
1836
44
214
3 Upton-Pyne .
1852
97
430
3 Huxham
761
27
125
t2 West Ogwell .
683
5
31
3 Pinhoe .
1735
120
530
3 Whitestone .
4077
113
544
3 Pol ti more
1710
64
332
Total .
94888
6048
30090
References. — Marked * are in Okehampton union ; f in Newton Abbot union ; § in Crediton union ; and the
rest are in St. Thomas union. 1 are in Crockernwell, 2, Teignbridge, 3, Wonford, and 4, Woodbury division.
Notes. — (a) Rewe parish is partly in Haybridge hundred, (b) This parish is also returned with Crediton
hundred, it formerly being included in Whitestone parish, but even then its rates were claimed by Newton St, Cyres.
(c) East and West Ogwell, Haccombe, Combeinteignhead, Stokeinteignhead, and St. Nicholas are detached members.
DEVONSHIRE.
TOWNS, VILLAGES, HAMLETS, ETC
ARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER.
N.B. — To avoid inciclmts distinctions ive have in the Directories appended ^ Esq,^ to Members of Parliament and
Justices of the Peace only.
ABBOTS BICKINGTON is a parish nine miles south-west of Torrington, in Holsworthy union, county
court district, petty sessional division and rural deanery, Barnstaple archdeaconry, and Black Torrington
hundred, and Southern division of the county. It had 50 inhabitants (21 males, 29 females) in 1871, living
in 8 houses, on 1078 acres of land. The parish formerly belonged to Hartland Abbey. The Hon. Mark
Rolle is now lord of the manor and owner of most of the soil. The Chuech (St. James) consists of chancel,
nave, south transept, and tower containing three bells, and in 1868 was newly roofed and reseated, the
south wall rebuilt and three windows inserted, and a new pulpit and reading desk furnished, at a total cost
of £300, defrayed by the Hon. Mark IloUe. In the chancel are sedilia and two monuments to the Pollard
famil3^ The Eegister dates from 1567. The living, a vicarage, in the patronage of the Hon. Mark Rolle, has
lately been united to Bulkworthy, together worth £'140 a year. There is no vicar, but the Rev. W. Edgcombe
is curate. There is no vicarage house at present, but great efforts are bemg made to remedy this defect, and
probably a residence will be erected this summer. The Hon. Mark Rolle is impropriator of the great
I tithes, which are commuted for £25 a year ; the vicarial tithes are commuted for £45 a year.
I Letters via Brandis Corner, but Holsworthy is the nearest Money Order Office and Railway Station.
leverdou Charles, farmer, East Cliol-
ladon
)le William, farmer, Youlden
Edgcombe Rev William, curate; h
Bulkworthy
Hern William, parish clerk
Skinner Mrs Jane, farmer, South pi.
Yeo William, farmer. Court Barton
ABBOTSHAM, a parish and village nearly two miles west of Bideford, is in Bideford union, county
court district, and petty sessional division, Northern division of the county, Barnstaple archdeaconry, Hartland
rural deanery, and Shebbear hundred. It had 421 inhabitants (198 males, 223 females) in 1871, living in
62 houses on 1758 acres of land, extending westward to the shore of Bideford or Barnstaple Bay. E. U.
Vidal, Esq., is lord of the manor, but Dr. Heywood Smith, Mr. Richard Turner, Mr. Taylor, and a few
smaller owners have estates here. The OnrRCH (St. Helen) is a small antique structure, consisting of nave,
chancel, and a low tower containing four bells. The church was thoroughly restored in 1870 at a cost of
£1300. A window has been filled with stained glass in memory of Mr. Richard Turner, inserted by his sons ;
and there are two others erected by Dr. Heywood and E. U. Vidal, Esq., respectively. The living is a
vicarage, valued in K.B. at £16 4s. 7d., in the patronage of E. U. Vidal, Esq., and incumbencj'- of the Rev.
Philip Richard Pipon Braithwaite, who has about 37 acres of glebe and a good house. He is impropriator
of nearly all the great tithes which were commuted in 1840 with the small tithes for £123 12s. a year ;
besides this there is £70 lOs. added under the Lord Chancellor's Augmentation Act. The Baptists erected a
chapel in the village in 1852. The National School is near the church, and was rebuilt by W. C. Hey-
wood, Esq., M.D., in 1851.
Post Office at Mr. Thomas Henry Glover's. Letters are received at 7.30 a.m. from, and despatched at
6.10 p.m. (weekdays ; 5.10 p.m. Sundays) to Bideford, which is the nearest Money Order Office.
Those marTced * are in the Westward Ho postal district.
* Alley Miss, Buckleigh
Bird Joseph, shopkeeper
Braithwaite Rev. Philip Riclid. Pipon,
vicar, The Vicarage
Brown James, farmer, East Pusehill
Cook George, farmer, West Pusehill
* De Vetrie Major John, Buckleigh
Pernie Mr Thomas, Middle Bowwood
* Gayer Edward, M.D., Highfield
Glover Thos. Hy. mason & postmaster
Grant Robert, blacksmith
* Hamilton Mrs Marian, Highfield
* Hamilton Captain Thomas Brice,
Buckleigh
Heywood Joseph, farmer, Lake farm
* Hodges Lieut. Edward, Leigh villa
* Jacquot Fran9ois, belles-lettres,
master of modern languages U.S.
College, Westward Ho
Moase Edwd. farmer and carpenter
Pettle John, farmer, Westacott
Pickard Charles Henry, farmer, Bow-
wood ; h Parkham
Pickard Miss Elizabeth, farmer. Pit
Pickard William, farmer. Chatter-
borough ; h Northam
Pridham Thomas, victualler. New Inn
Shenner Miss M. C. schoolmistress
q2
Silk William, carpenter
Taylor James, railway contractor, Ab-
botsham court
Tickle Mr Samuel, Kenen
Turner Charles, farmer. The Barton
Turner George, farmer, Rixlade ; h
Bideford
Turner John, farmer. Combe Barton
Turner William, farmer, Greenacleeve ;
h Bideford
Venningjs Henry, farmer, Com
Vidal Edward Urch, Esq. J.P. Corn-
borough
Walters John, farmer, Bowwoocl
}(X)
A.lh>t>ot is»kei*««i>vell ,
AliBOTSKERSWELL, or Abbufa Carsiuell, is a paiisli and pleasant village, 13 miles S.W. of Newton
Abbot, in Newton Abbot union and county court district, Teignbridye petty sessional division, Newton
Abbot polling district of East ])(!Von, Ilaytor hundred, Totnos archdeaconry, and Moreton rural deanery.
The parish, which includes the hamlet of Aller,\md 45^} inhabitants (2.'>1 'males, 222 females) in 1871,
living in 1)9 houses, on 1401 acres of land. It had formerly within it two numors, namely, that of Abbots-
kerswell proper, belonging to the Abbey of Sherborne, in liorsetshire, and tliat of Aller; parts of the ancient
manor-houses still remain. William Creed, Esq., is lord of the manor, nnd the principal owners of the soil
are the heirs of the late Captain Marcus Hare, R.N., Messrs. John and William Creed, llichard Ford, John
Vicary and — Nickels. Some of the smaller holdings have been in the families of their present proprietcnvs
for many generations. Kerswell is a corruption of Carsewell, the more ancient way of writing the name,
Carse being Saxon for cress, for which the stream running through the village was formerly noted. It was
called Abbot's Carsewell to distinguish it from the neighbouring parish of King's- Carsewell, the manor of
which belonged to the king. There are many springs and wells in the village, one of the latter on the
Court Estate, belonging to the late Captain Hare, being called Ladewell, evidently a corruption of Our Lady's
Well : its water was formerly supposed to be efficacious in the cure of eye diseases, and it is still occasionally
resorted to by the inhabitants for that purpose. The Church (Virgin Mary) is a very ancient structure,
exhibiting specimens of Norman, Decorated and Perpendicular work. It is divided into two aisles, the
pillars supporting the arches being of granite. It has a handsome screen in a tolerable state of preservation.
The church is seated with unsightly pews. The tower contains three bells, but they are in a very imperfect
condition. The Register dates from 1C08, but there is notice of the parish accounts as early as 1573 ; both
of these are, however, imperfect. The living is a vicarge, valued in K.E. at £1 lis. 3d., in the patronage
of the Lord Chancellor, and incumbency of the Rev. Yesey G. Hine, who has a vicarage-house, built in
1837, with money borrowed from Q.A.B. The vicarial tithes are commuted at £204 a year, and there
are 60 acres of glebe ; the impropriate rent-charge, amounting to £116 a year, is payable to the vicar of
Cornworthy. In the churchyard is a dilapidated old sarcophagus tomb, and near it is a plain marble cross
enclosed by iron railings, in memory of the Hon. Mrs. Marcus Hare, as stated in ' Memorials of a Quiet
Life.' The Baptists and Wesletans have chapels here. The School Board was formed in March 27,
1875, and consists of Messrs. John Creed (chairman and clerk), William Creed (vice), Richard Ford, William
Venning, Thomas Maddicott. The Board School was erected in 1876, at a cost of £600 (including £100 paid
for the site), and has accommodation for 75 children. The Abbot of Sherborne in 1524 gave a certain house
in the parish, the rent of which is applied to church expenses.
Post Office at Mr. George Jeffery's. Letters are received at 6.40 a.m. from, and despatched at 6.50
to Newton Abbot, which is the nearest Money Order Office and Railway Station.
Cornish Miss Emma, Board school-
mistress
Creed Mr John, Whiddon
Creed William, solicitor at Newton; h
Burrow park
Dyer William, cowkeeper & victualler,
Tradesman's Arms
Elliott Samuel, farmer
Ferries William, veterinary surgeon,
Myrtle cottage
Ford Mr Ki chard, Abbotsford
Hannaford Mrs
Hare Mrs Marcus, Court Grange
Henley AVilliam Codner, cider mer-
chant, Mallands
Hine Rev Vesey Germain, B.A.
vicar, The Vicarage
Jeifery George, postmaster
Lake Mr William
Maye Richard, farmer. Court farm
Mudge Thomas, farmer, Manor farm
Norton John, beerhouse
Paddon William, poulterer, &c.
Palk Edward, butcher and farmer
Partridge John, whlwrght. & blcksnith
Phillips John & Co. architectural pot-
tery, sanitary pipe and terra-cotta
manufacturers ; h Moor park
Pickard Job, farmer, Whiddon farm
Prowse Frederick, blacksmith
Roworth Mr Job
Skinner John, farmer, Cross farm
Smith Thomas, shoemaker
Stockman George, jun. fellmonger,
artificial manure manufacturer, and
agent for Northern Insurance Co.,
Aller Bone and Manure AVorks
Taylor William, (j) stonemason
White George, farmer, Aller farm
ALLINGTON (EAST). (See East Allington.)
ALPHINGTON. (See Ottery St. Mary.)
ALPHINGTON, a parish and pleasant village on the western side of the river Exe, 1^ mile S. of
Exeter, is traversed by the South Devon Railway and Exeter Ship Canal. It is in St. Thomas's union, Exeter
county court district, Wonford petty sessional division and hundred, Exeter polling district of East Devon,
Exeter archdeaconry and Kenn rural deanery. It had 1166 inhabitants (561 males, 605 females) in 1871,
living in 251 houses, on 2471 acres of land. The Earl of Devon owns most of the soil, and is lord of the
manor of Alphington, which was obtained by his family in the reign of Richard II., in exchange, from the
Seagraves. Matford, formerly the seat of the Smith and other families, belongs to Sir L. V. Palk ; and
the Gibbs family and others have estates here. Alphington had cattle fairs on the first Wednesday after the
20th of June, and on the Wednesday after Michaelmas- day, but they were abolished in 1870. The village
was one of the principal quarters of Sir Thomas Fairfox's army in 1646, when he was blockading Exeter.
Risdon says, a man named Stone died here, at the age of 120 years, in the time of Queen Elizabeth. On
July 2, 1760, by the sudden overflowing of the rivulet running through the village to the Exe, upwards
of twenty houses are said to have been thrown down, and the damage was computed at more than £1000. A
flood on October 20, 1875, washed several houses away ; and by another which occurred in April, 1877, about
100 sheep belonging to Mr. William Hawkin, and 35 sheep, the property of Mr. Robert White, were
drowned. The Church (St. Michael) is a large antique structure, consisting of chancel, nave, north and
south aisles, and tower, rising to a height of 70 feet, and containing eight fine-toned bells. The chancel is
separated from the pave and aisles by a rood-screen. The church was newly-roofed, re-seated, and other
I
I>evoii!5»liii*e.
101
improvements effected in 1878, at a cost of about £3000. The living, a rectory, valued in K.li. at £34 Os. Scl.,
is in the patronage of E. Brown, Esq., and W. J. Battishill, Esq., and incumbency of the Rev. W. Butter-
field, M.A., who has a good rectory house, on an eminence near the church. The glebe is 24a. 3r., and
the tithes are commuted for £794 a year. The School- Board was formed on March 31, 1875, and consists
of Thomas Woodman, Esq. (chairman), Mr. Frederick Loram (vice), the Rev. Dr. Dennett, Messrs. Robert
White and John Way, and for the contributory parish of Exminster, Mr. John Wills. Mr. John Hutchings
is clerk. Shillingford St. George is also a contributory parish. New schools, with teacher's residence, were
built in 1877, at a total cost of £2300, and will accommodate 190 children. Mr. J. W. Rowell, of Newton
Abbot and Torquay, was the architect, and Mr. H. Phillips, of Exeter, the builder. The Church House,
worth £20 a year, was built by the parish in the reign of Elizabeth, on land given by William Courtenay, Esq.
The Poor's Land comprises about 22a. 2r. 36p. and a farm-house at Ilolcombe Burnell, purchased in 1756 with
money left by John Bliss and other donors. The land was sold in*1876 for £800, and the money was
invested, the dividends being distributed in bread. The poor parishioners have also 30s. a year out of
Matford estate, left by Francis and Daniel Vinnicombe, in 1675; and the dividends of £230 Three per Cent.
Consols, purchased in 1784, with £110, left by Edward Leach and another donor. They have likewise the
interest of £5 left by James Pitman. The Poor Houses, comprising four small cottages, were purchased in
1675, with £45 given by various donors, and are occupied by poor families, who pay a weekly rental of 3c?.
Post Office at Mr. John Hele's. Letters, via Exeter, are delivered at 7 a.m. and 6 p.m., and despatched
at 6 and 8.20 p.m. St. Thomas's Exeter is the nearest Money Order and Telegraph Office, and the nearest
Railway Station.
Addems Mrs Mary, board schlmstrss
Bale John Adney, trade protection
secretary, Exeter
Bassett John Davie, M.D., The Laurels
Bastin James Richard.manufacturer of
thrashing andagricultm*al machines
Bell John, board schoolmaster
Bidgood Henry, market gardener
Bray Jas. surveyor, Mandrake house
Brownlow Mr Edward M. Exe view
Butterfield Rev Wm.,M.A.The Rectory
Chichester Arthur Chamberlyne,
Esq., J.P., Rosemont
Clark Jno. cattle dIr.Alphington cross
Coles James, builder and undertaker,
Gidley house
Collicott John, market gardener. Rai-
ling house
Colljns Rev John Edwd. Mile End cot
Cotton Mr William, The Elms
Dennett Rev Richard, D.C.L. curate
Dudley Mr Alfred, Home Bush house
Eales Richard, solicitor, Exeter ; h
Underwood
Elliott Mr William Browne
Gray Mr Robert John, Newlands
Griffin Mr William Royle Mortimer,
Rock house
Harding Mrs Elizabeth
Hart Mrs Maria, Alphington villa
Hartnell Mr Alfred S,, Swiss cottage
Hawkins Mrs Ellen, ftirmer, Cuttridge
Hawkins William, farmer, Westwood
Head Robert Thomas, solicitor,Exeter ;
h The Briars
Head Robert William, M.A., solicitor,
Exeter ; h The Briars
Heard Mrs Ann, shopkeeper & china
and earthenware dealer
Hele John, postmaster
Hews Mrs Eliza, Osborne house
Hurley Robert, sliopkeeper
Hussey John Richards, auctioneer, i
Exeter; h Brooklands i
Hutchings George, butcher and cattle
dealer, Flint cottage
Hutchings John, cattle dealer
Hutchings Saml. cattle dlr. Flint cot
Jarman William, market gardener
Joint John, farmer, Marks farm
Jones Wm. Luxmore, Home Bush 3ot
King Henry, baker and confectioner
Kingdom Mr Charles, Delmont house
Knott John, bricklayer and mason
Knott Mr Samuel Dyer, Bartletts
Lendon Joseph, shoemaker
Letheren Charles Radcliff, farmer,
Ball and Andrew's farm
Loram Frederick, frmr. Alden's farm
Loram William, farmer and vict. Bell
Mallett Mrs Ann, Caroline house
Mallett William Millford, miller, Al-
phington mill
Mayne Frederick, mason
Milton Thomas Matthew, farmer,
Rose bridge
Mitchell William, markft gardener
Newberry RichHrd, market gardener,
Marsh Barton
Norrish Mr Thomas, The Lodge
Palmer William Godfrey, coal mer-
chant, Exeter ; h Myrtle cottage
Pearce William, vict. Duuble Locks
Perkins Richd. blcksmth. & whlwrght
Pet hy bridge John, farmer. Marsh
Barton
Phjsick Henry, nurseryman and mar-
ket gardener, Hatherleigh house
Physick Mr William
Pike James, market givlnr. & thatcher
Pike John, thatcher
Pitts Frederick, farmer and miller,
Matford farm
Pocock James, market gardener
Pope Robert, blacksmith. Wheatley
Ramey Maj.-Gcn. Hy., C.B. Lie lodge
Rew John Comer, tanner (Wippell &
R.) ; h Bridge cottage
Sage John, cowkeeper. Marsh Barton
Sanders Henry, milk dealer, Flint cot
Seare William, beerhouse and market
gardener
Seaward James, farmer, Eastwood
Shaw (Exors. of) Mr Benj. Horatio,
Bel voir house
Shaw Mrs Blanche Amelia, ladies'
boarding and day school, Belvoir hs
Short Richd. joiner & bldr. Willow cot
Smale Miss Christiana, dressmaker,
Rose cottage
Smale Mr George, Moss cottage
Snell Mrs Mary, shopkeeper and
market gardener
Stockham Misses Martha & Caroline,
Laurel cottage
Stone (Exors. of) Miss Fanny, shpkpr
Symes Cornelius, cowkeeper
Symons (Exors. of) Thomas, shoemkr
Toman William, market gardener
Toms Mrs Fanny
Tozer Henry, basket maker
Tozer Samuel, vict. King William
Waters Thomas and Matthew, far
mers, Pokeham bridge ; h Pinhoe
Way Henry Trimble (John & Son) ;
h Sobey's farm
Way John (John & Son) ; h Sobey's
farm
Way John & Son, frnirs, Sobey's farm
Way Miss Mary, Pixie cottage
Wheeler James, baker
White Eobert, frmr. Wheatley Barton
White William George Leigh, former,
Wheatley Barton
Willis Thomas, bank clerk
Wippell & Eew. tanners
Wippell Thomas (W. & Rew); h
Bridge house
Wolland John Born, vict. Salmon
Pool Inn, & pleasure garden propr
Wood Mrs Ann, milliner & dressmaker
Woodman Mr Thomas, Cross house
ALVERDISCOTT, or Alscott, parish includes the liamlets of Bulhvorthy hndi Stoneci'oss, and gives name
to a pleasant, scattered village, 5 miles E. by S. of Bideford Railway Station, on the South Western line.
The parish, which extends from 3 to 6 miles E. by S. of Bideford, is in Torrington union, coimty court
district, Great Torrington petty sessional division, Torrington polling district of North Devon, Barnstaple
archdeaconry, Torrington rural deanery, and Fremington hundred. It had 324 inhabitants (147 males, 177
females) in 1871, living on 2273 acres of land. Miss Mary Preston is lady of the manor, formerly held by
J 02
Alver disc ott ,
the Fleming, Bellew, and other families ; but W. A. Deane, Esq. and several smaller owners have estates in
the parish. AVebbeuy was anciently the seat of a family of its own name, and was successively held by
the Lippincotts and Cutclift'es, the latter of whom rebuilt the house about 1820: it stands in pleasant
jjrounds, and is now the residence of W. A. Deane. Esq. Borough Fakm has been in the occupation of the
Bridge family for more than 200 years. There was anciently a chapel at Borough, and on enlarging the
house some years ago the remains were pulled down. The CnuRcn (All Saints), which consists of nave,
chancel, north aisle, south porch, and tower containing three bells, was rebuilt in 18G6 at a cost of about
J.'1000. The living is a rectory, valued in K.B. at £1'3 3s. ll^d., in the patronage of J. C. Newbery and J.
V. Newbery, Esqrs., and incumbency of the Rev. John Warren, M.A., who has a good residence and
39a. 2r. IOp. of glebe. The tithes were commuted in 1844 for £156 a year. There is a small Wesleyan
Chapel at Stonecross. The School, with residence for the teacher, was erected in 1876 at an expense of <
£450 : it is under the management of six parishioners, who are elected yearly at the vestry meeting. The]
School has an attendance of 45 children. Three tenements and an acre of land, which have been invested
from an early period for the reparation of the church, now produce £9 a year.
Post, via, Bideford and Barnstaple. There is a Wall Letter Box, cleared at 5.50 p.m. weekdays only,^.
Those mar/ccd^ are in the Barnstaple postal district, and the rest are in Bideford district. i^B
Deane William Anthony, Esq., J.P.,
Webbery
* Denford John, toll collector
^ Faircliild G-eo. fcirmer, Bullworthy
^ Harding John, tailor. Stone cross
Hookway Edward, farmer, Woodtown
* Hoyle William, farmer, Stone cross
^ Pethebridge Geo. farmer, Borough
y
* Barker Mr William, Ham pit
* Bright Simon, bootmkr. Stone cross
Capel Capt. Algernon, Woodtown lis
^ Cawsey Kobert, farmer, The Barton
* Chipman Jas. carpenter, Stone cross
•" ClementsMrs Mary, fmr. Liippincott
Copp William, frmr. Webbery Barton
Davis Col. Frederick John, The Firs
* Pethebridge Richd. fmr. Nethercott
^ Pitwood Henry, farmer, Garnacott
Symons Ambrose, frmr. Clogg's hilli
John, M.A. rector]
* Warren Pev
The Rectory
Webster Mr William, The Downs
* Wolstenholme Miss Elizabeth Mary,
schoolmistress
ALVINGTON (WEST). (See West Alvington.)
ALWINGTON parish includes the hamlets of Fairy Cross, Ford, and Woodtoivn ; and its pleasant
village is on the Clovelly and Hartland road, 4 miles S.W. by S. of Bideford. The parish, which extends
over 2655 acres of land, is in Bideford union, county court district and petty sessional division, Northern
division of the county, Shebbear hundred, Barnstaple archdeaconry, and Hartland deanery : it had 353
inhabitants (173 males, 180 females) in 1871, living in 76 houses. J. R. P. Coffin, Esq., is lord of the manor
of Alwingtcn, and has a handsome seat here called Portledge, which has been the seat and property of the
Coffins nearly from the time of William 1. Captain A. Archdale is lord of the manor of South Yeo and
owner of the pleasant seat called Yeo Vale and of the barton of Wimscott. The remains of an ancient
chapel formerly stood near this mansion, but they have been removed to a more distant part of the grounds.
A few smaller owners have CvStates here. The rivulet Yeo runs through the parish. The Church (St.
Andrew) is a small antique structure, consisting of nave, chancel, south aisle, north transept, and tower,
surmounted by a spire, and containing four bells. It has memorials of the Coffin, Pine, and other
families. In 1877 the porch was restored, and the south aisle re-roofed at a cost of £70. The living
is a rectory, valued in K.B. at £17 4s. 2hd., in the patronage of J. R. P. Coffin, Esq., and incum-
bency of the Rev. F. H. Mules, who has 74 acres of glebe and a handsome residence. The tithes are com-
muted for £252 a year. The Parish School was built by the Morrison family in 1836, and is under
government inspection. The Wesleyaks have a chapel at Ford, which was reseated in 1875 at a cost of
£40. An Almshouse for three poor people was founded in 1667 by Richard Coffin, who endowed it with 10
acres of land vested with the successive heirs of his famil)^ The poor have 2|- acres purchased with bene-
faction money, and the interest of £25 left by Richard Coffin in 1795.
Post Office at Mr. T. N. Kievill's. Letters are received at 7'55 a.m. from, and are despatched at 6 p.m.
(Sundays, 5 p.m.), to Bideford, which is the nearest Money Order Office
Andrews Isaac Jno. farmer, Winscott births and deaths
Barton
Archdale Captain Audley, Yeo vale
Bailey Mr Francis, Ford
Bailey Miss Margaret, Ford
Batty Thomas, farmer, Didon
Becklick Wm. corn dealer & dairyman,
Ford
Beer Augustus Ley, farmer, Chiddle-
combe
Beer Stephen, blacksmith. Ford
Coffin John Richard Pine, Esq. J.P.,
Portledge
Dayman Humphrey, parish clerk,
assistant overseer, and registrar of
for Parkham
district, Fairy cross
Ford John, farmer. Ford
Ford Michael, farmer, Parisonago
Fulford William, farmer, Dothridge
Grigg Seth,frmr. Ivyhouse ; h Parkham
Holman Richard, machine maker,
Horns cross
Kidwill Richard, farmer & victualler,
Swan, Fairy cross
Kievill Thomas Nance, blacksmith and
postmaster. Ford
Lott Richd. farmer & carpenter, Ford
Mathews William, carpenter
Mules Rev Francis Howard, rector,
The Rectory
Pennington William, carpenter
Pennington William, corn miller, Y
mill
Serjeant Mr Joseph Veal. Rollstone
Kquance John, farmer, Moor pnrk
Squance John, jun. thatcher & farmer,
Woodtown
Tregaskis Miss Rosina Blamcy, school-
mistress
Wakeley Wm. farmer, Town farm
Walters John, farmer, Cockington
Webber Thomas, farmer, Gillscott
Carriers — Thomas Colwill & James
Jeffrey, to Bideford, Tuesday,
Thursday, and Saturday.
I
ANSTEY (EAST and WEST). (See East Anstey and West Anstey.)
APPLEDORE, a small seaport town and an ecclesiastical district formed, in 1844, out of the ancle
I
I>e von shire.
103
parish of Northam, contained 2364 inhabitants (1019 males and 1345 females) in 1871, living in 533 houses,
on 130 acres of land. The town, which is in two divisions, called East and West Appledore, is delightfully
seated on the coast of Barnstaple Bay, at the mouths of the rivers Torridge and Taw, 3 miles N. of Bideford.
The town stands on and around the slope of a hill, commands extensive views of the Estuary, and of the
rivers Taw and Torridge, and is provided with small hotels, and with lodgings for visitors. It is the first
harbour of importance within the bar of the broad estuary of the two rivers, and is subordinate to the port of
Bideford. The principal trade is coasting and fishing, while a large and small dry dock, and several ship-
building yards, a rope manufactory, together with its landing quays for the discharge of vessels, give employ-
ment to many of its inhabitants, and promote its general prosperity. Appledore has two provision markets,
on Wednesday and Saturday, mostly held in a small building, erected in 1828. Hubba, the Pane, landed
here in the reign of Alfred the Great, and was discomfited and slain, with about 2000 men, before Kenwith
Castle, which stood near Kenwith Lodge, in the adjoining parish of Abbotsham. Tradition says he was
buried at the southern end of East Appledore, under a large stone, called Hubba stone. The Gas Works, at
Appledore, were established in 1875, by a limited liability company, with a capital of £3800, of which £3000
was raised in £5 shares, and £800 on debentures. The construction of the works cost £3500. There are 65
public lamps. Gas is supplied to private consumers at (js. per 1000 cubic feet, and for public lamps at 4s. (jcl
Alfred Evans, Esq., is secretary to the company, and Mr. W. H. Slocombe manager of the works. The
Chuech (St. Mary the Virgin), prettily embowered, is built on the site of an ancient Roman Catholic chapel,
between East and West Appledore, and consists of chancel, nave and aisles. A tower to contain eight bells
is about to be erected. In the church are some fine stained glass windows. The living is a vicarage,
valued at £200, in the gift of the vicar of Northam and incumbency of the Rev. Edward Reynolds, B.A.
The Baptist Chapel was erected in 1859, and contains 350 sittings. The Presbyterians had a meeting-house
here as early as 1715, but the congregation is now Independent, and built their present chapel in 1816.
Wesleyan Methodism was introduced into Appledore in 1818, and a small chapel erected on the Quay in
1821 ; this was superseded in 1851 by the present chapel, built at an expense of £402, on a site given by
Mr. Thomas Green. The National School was built in 1844, at a cost of £450, raised by subscription.
The Wesleyan Day School, built in 1862, at a cost of £300, on a site given by Mr. Thomas Green, will
accommodate 170 children.
Post, Money Oeder, and Telegeaph Ofeices and Savings Bank, Mrs. Mary Prance, postmistress,
Market Street. Letters are delivered at 7 a.m. and 12 noon, and despatched at 1.30 p.m. (for North) and 7
p.m. On Sundays they are delivered at 7 a.m., and despatched at 5.40 p.m.
Andrews Mrs Ann, day school, Myrtle street
Appledore Gas Works Co., AVest App. ; Alfred Evans, sec.
Baker George, grocer, auctioneer, accountant, surveyor,
valuer, ship and insurance broker, and vice-consul for
Norway and Sweden, Bude street
Barrow Kobert, victualler, Swan Inn, Market street
Beara Alexander, outfitter, Buds street
Beara Jerome, draper, Market street
Beara John, plumber and shipchandler, Quay
Beare John, ship carpenter, Myrtle street
Beer John, baker and confectioner, Bude street
Benson Miss Louisa, Eock cottage
Berry Mrs Mary Ann, dressmaker. West Appledore
Bligh Miss Elizabeth, Copner, Quay
Bolt John Emanuel, master mariner, Odum row
Bouncly Lewis, victualler, Royal hotel, Market street
Bowden George, grocer ; and (h) Barnstaple
Bowden James, national schoolmaster
Burnicle William, ironmonger and ship chandler, Quay
Carter George, plumber and painter, Bude street
Clare Rev Robert Bone (Baptist), Alpha place
Cubbledick Christopher, vict. King's Head, West Appledore
Channon Mr Joseph, Bude street
Chapell Miss Ann, West Appledore
Cock Mrs Charlotte, maltster and victualler. The Tavern,
Meeting street
Cock Mrs Ellen, shopkeeper. West Appledore
Cock Robert, shipbuilder; h Assells
Cole Mrs Ann, dressmaker, West Appledore
Cole William Edward, bootmaker, Meeting street
Cook Alfred, shipbuilder ; h Rock house {See Advert.)
Cook Arthur, block maker and boat builder. Quay
Cutland William, boot maker. Myrtle street
Larracott Mr George, A¥est Appledore
Darracott Mr John, Odum row
Day Mrs Esther, braid maker, Market street
Day John, victualler. Champion of Wales, Meeting street
Day Mrs Susan, Bude street
Dennis Mrs Emily, beerhouse. West Appledore
Dennis Mrs Mary, shopkeeper, New street
Drew Mrs Elizabeth, Bidna
Dunsford John, master mariner, Bude street
Ellis Rev Joseph (Independent, retired), Quay
England Mr John, Myrtle street
Evans Alf, sec. to Appledore Gas Works Co. ; h Myrtle ler
Evans Alfred, clerk. Market street
Evans George, master mariner. Quay
Evans John, master mariner. Quay
Evans Josiah, shopkeeper, Market street
Ezra William, shipwright. Alpha place
Earleigh & Co. grocers. Market street
Farleigh Richard (F. & Co.) ; h Barnstaple
Fishwick John, master mariner, Bude street
Fishwick Thomas Haynes, ship chandler, Quay
Fursey Samuel, bootmaker. Market street
Furscy Samuel, jun. bootmaker and grocer, Market street,
and bootmaker, Instow
Gibson Thomas, master mariner, Bude street
Gordon Mr James, Richmond house
Gordon Capt. Thomas, Richmond house
Guard Mrs Agnes, dressmaker, Market street
Guard Samuel, master mariner, West Appledore
Hamlyn Robert, mason. Meeting street
Hamlyn Thomas, grocer, Market street
Hane Stephen, master mariner. Meeting street
Harris Mrs Hannah, shopkeeper. New street
Harris Richard, master mariner. Alpha place
Harvey Thomas, grocer and vict. Dock house, Myrtle st
Hayne John Vernam, block maker, Green Lane cottage
Hayne Mr William Gunn, Bude street
Heal Miss Ann, shopkeeper. West Appledore
Hewer John Webber, grocer & boot factor, Market street
Heywood Oliver, -farmer. West Appledore
Hocking Robert, master mariner, West Appledore
Hookaway Richard, sailor. Myrtle street
Howe Mrs Emily, draper. Market street
Howes Mrs Ann, Bude street
Hucklebridge Mr William, Myrtle street
Jewell Joseph, master mariner, Quay
Kelly Richard, master mariner, Bude street
104
A-ppleclorCj
Kelly Stephen, master mariner, AVest Appledore
Kelly Thomas, grocer, IJude street
Kelly William, master mariner, Alpha place
]vinsman John, bootmaker, Ureenhill cottage
Landay liCwis, grocer and general dealer, Quay
Lemay William, master mariner, Now street
Lemon Edward, blacksmith, Meeting street
Lemon James, cooper. New Quay
Lemon Mrs Mary, Meeting street
Lemon William, master mariner, J^ude street
Lerwiil Thomas, shipwright, Meeting street
Leslie Rev Thomas James (Independent). Meeting street
McCallam Mrs Mary, victualler, Globe, Market, (street
Marshall Thomas, master mariner. Quay
Martin Henry, master mariner, Bude street
Mathews Mrs Mary, milliner, Market street
Mathews Samuel, sail maker, Bude street
Mayne Mrs Susan, shopkeeper. New Quay
Mayne William, bootmaker. Market street
Mead James, grocer and earthenware dealer, Market st
Mules Henry, shipwright. Alpha place
Nichol William, officer of Customs, West Appledore
Owen George, cabinet maker. Meeting street
Parkhouse George, master mariner. Chapel row
Parkhouse John, farm bailiff
Parkhouse John, dairyman, Bude street
Parkhouse William, watchmaker, Bude street
Parkin George Edward, boat builder, West Appledore
Penny Mrs Harriet, Bude street
Phillips Mark, victualler. Ship Inn, East Appledore
Pickard AYilliam, ship builder, Quay
Pile Mrs Margaret, shopkeeper, West Appledore
Popham John, sail maker, Bude street
Prance Mrs Mary, postmistress, Market street
Pratt Charles, M.D., medical officer for northern district
of Bideford union and for Northam, Bude house
Pratt Frederick Thomas, M.R.C.S., L.S.A., surgeon. Quay
Rew Miss Jane, shopkeeper and baker, West Appledore
Reynolds Rev Edward, vicar, Tlio Vicarage
Reynolds Miss Sarah Elizabeth, Odum row
Richards Miss Elizabeth Pickard, milliner. Meeting street
Richards Herman, master mariner. Meeting street
Richardson Mrs Agnes,vict.Princeof Wales, West Appledore
Riorden Mrs Ellen, West Appledore
Riorden Lewis Smith, master mariner, West Appledore
Rooke Mrs Ann, victualler, Bell Inn, East Appledore
Scobling John, victualler, Rising Sun, West Appledore
Scott James, master mariner, Bude street
Scott William, master mariner, Meeting street
Sellick Mrs Elizabeth, grocer. West Appledore
Serjeant James, painter and paperhanger. Meeting street
Short Mrs Hannah, vict. Coach and Horses, Market street
Short Samuel, master mariner, Bude street
Smith Mrs Elizabeth, tailoress, Meeting street
Shutt William Thomas, manager, East Appledore
Stambury John, marine store dealer, New street
Stapledon John, master mariner, Odum row
Stapledon William Henry, master mariner. Quay
Stapleton Jno. Combe, bootmaker. Market st ; & (h) Bideford
Swift Mrs Jane, shopkeeper. West Appledore
Tatern James, master mariner, Quay
Tucker William, master mariner. Alpha place
Turner Mrs Jane, grocer. New Quay
Vaggers Mrs Caroline, shopkeeper, West Appledore
Vaggers Mrs Selina, shopkeeper, New sireet
Vanstone James, coal dealer, Quay
Vanstone James, victualler. The Beavei', West Appledore
Vinson James, stationer. Meeting street
Warren Miss Sarah, shopkeeper. Market street
Webb John, master mariner, Bude street
Wilkinson Robert, master mariner. West Appledore
Williams Mr Edward, Bude street
Williams Thomas, boat builder, West Appledore
Williams William, master mariner, Odum row
Woodley Mrs Elizabeth, infant schoolmistress
Youatt James, Wesleyan schoolmaster. Chapel row
ARLINGTON, 6 miles N.E. of Barnstaple, is a parish and village in Barnstaple union and county court
district, and archdeaconry, Brauntou petty sessional division, Sherwill hundred, and deanery. The
parish contained 240 inhabitants (123 males and 117 females) in 1871, living in 41 houses, on 253o acres of
land, and includes the hamlet of Beccott, nearly two miles N. of the church. Sir Alexander Palmer Bruce
Chichester, whose father was created a baronet in 1840, is lord of the manor and owner of most of the soil,
and has a handsome seat here, called Arlington Court. The manor was settled on his family in the reign of
Plenry VII. The Cuukch (St. James) is an ancient structure, consisting of nave, chancel, and tower con-
taining six bells. In the church are many memorials of the Chichesters. 'J'be living is a rectory, valued in
K.B. at £13 18a\ Ihd., in the patronage of Sir A. P. B. Chichester, and incumbency of the JRev. James
Hamilton John Chichester, M.A., who has a rectory house and 84 acres of glebe. The tithes are commuted
for £270 a year. The National School was erected in 1876, at a cost of £620, raised by voluntary rate.
The Rev. William Bampfield, who held the rectory fifty years, died in I7I9, and left a farm of 54 acres at
Goodleigh, and a house and 16a. 3r. 2p. at Barnstaple, in trust for the education of a boy at school till he is
nineteen years of age, and at one of the Universities till he is twenty-six, or has taken the degree of M.A.
The donor directed that one of his name and kindred should have the preference. The property is now let
for about £85 a year, and the rectors of Eastdown, Bratton-Fleming, and Goodleigh are the trustees, and are
also patrons of the rectory of Bradford, which is always presented to a clergyman who has been a scholar
under this trust. The poor of Arlington have about 58^. a year from the gifts of Rebecca Crocombe,
Rebecca Hayes, and a Mr. Burgoyne. In 1669 the Rev. G. Cauham left the interest of £40 for apprenticing
poor children.
Post Oitice at Mr. Thomas Bowen's. Letters, viti Barnstaple, are despatched at 5.30 p.m. (weekdays
only).
Best Thomas, farm bailiff to Sir A. P.
B. Chichester, Bart. Home farm
Blackmore Richard, farmer, Beccott
Bowen Thomas, postmaster
Brooks James, farmer, Beshill
Bushen Frederick, carpenter and
shopkeeper
Carter George, head gardener, Arling-
ton court
Chichester Sir Alexander Palmer
Bruce, Bart. J.P, Arlington court
Chichester Rev James Hamilton
John, M.A. rector. The Rectory
Dinnicombe John, farmer, Beccott
Fry Mrs Mary, Beccott
Garrett Miss Jessie Jane, National
schoolmistress
i Iluxtable Anthony, corn miller & fmr.
Pile William, bootmaker Beccott
Richards John, butcher, Beccott
Southcombe Chas. frmr. Barton coui't
Tucker Mrs Elizabeth, fmr. Twitchen
Tucker George, farmer, Tidycombe
Tucker Henry, farmer, Beccott
Tucker James, farmer, Beccott
Vickery William, farmer, Comlesherd
Yeo Henry, farmer, Brinscott
ASHBURTON, a parish, market town, and disfranchised borough, is 19 miles S.W. by W. of Exeter, 24
Devonsliire. 105
miles N.E. by E. of Plymouth, 20 miles E. by S. of Tavistock, 7 miles N.W. of Totnes, 193 miles W.S.W.
of London, and about 7 miles W. by S. of the South Devon Railway station at Newton Abbot. The parish
is in Newton Abbot union and county court district, Teignbridge petty sessional division and hundred,
Ashburton polling district of East Devon, Totnes archdeaconry, and Moreton rural deanery. It had 2952
inhabitants (1375 males and 1577 females) in 1871, living in 581 houses, on 6906 acres of land. The surface
of the parisli is picturesquely diversified with hills and valleys, and the soil is generally fertile, though it is
skirted on the east by the lofty hills and barren summits ot Dartmoor Forest. The town is pleasantly seated
in a fertile valley, opening to the southward, and watered by the Yeo rivulet, which runs through and partly
under the town, and falls into the Dart, about a mile below. Ashburton is the terminus of the Ashburton
and Buckfastleigh branch of the South Devon Railway. This branch, which is now worked by the Great
Western Company, was opened on May 1, 1871. The town consists of two long streets, traversing it from,
east to west, and two others leading north and south. The serge and blanket manufacture was formerly
extensively carried on here, about £100,000 worth being made annually, but the mills have been removed to
the adjoining parish of Buckfastleigh. In the adjacent part of Dartmoor are several tin and copper mines;
and in 1285 JElward I. made Ashburton a stannary town. Ashburton has been variously wvittan Ay shehertorif
Aishberton, and Asperton (as in Domesday). "William the Conqueror granted the manor to his Royal Con-
sort, from whom Judhel de Tolenais held it in demesne. The manor, being escheated on the banishment of
Judhel, was granted by William Rufus to the Bishops of Exeter, who held it until the reign of James I.,
when it again reverted to the Crown. It was afterwards sold in moieties to Sir Robert Parkhurst and the
Earl of Feversham. The former conveyed his half to Sir John Stawell, from whom it passed through the
families of Tuckfield and Rolle to the family of its present owner. Lord Clinton. Earl Feversliam's moiety
has passed the Duke, Palk, Mathieson, and other families, but is now held by Lord Clinton. The manor of
llolwell, anciently called Hayawile, or Ilntjawell, now belongs to James Woodley, Esq. Lord Clinton and
Robert Jardine, Esq., are joint lords of the borough lordship, and are principal owners of the soil. Lord
Clinton's farms are cliietiy held on leases for lives, but there are many small freeholds in the parish. Ash-
burton is an ancient borough by prescription, and first sent two members to Parliament in the twenty-sixth
of Edward I. (1298), and again in the eighth of Henry IV. (1407), after which it ceased to do so until
1640. From the latter year it regularly sent two members until 1832, when its number of representatives
was reduced to one ; and by the last Refonn Act it was disfranchised. The port-reeve is elected annually at
the court leet and baron, together with a bailifi" and other ofiicers. In the reign of Edward IL, Bishop
Stapledon obtained a charter for a market and fairs here ; and a charter for two other fairs was obtained by
John Quicke, Esq., one of the borough members, about 1712. The market for corn and provisions is held
on Saturday ; and here are now four fairs, for cattle, &c., held on the first Thursdays in March and June,
and on August 10 and November 11, provided these dates fall on Tuesday or Thursday, and if not, on the
Tuesday or Thursday after. The March fair has a large supply of cattle, and the November is a great sheep
mart. The old market-house, which stood in the middle of Nortli street, was taken down, and a handsome
new Maeket House and large Public Room: were built on the opposite side ot the street, in 1849-50, at
the cost of about £3000, in the Italian style. The Public Room, for assemblies, concerts, public meetings,
&c., is over the market ; and the latter has ranges of stalls for fiesh, fish, &c., and is supplied with excellent
spring water. A turret, containing a bell and public clock, rises at the southern angle of the building. Gas
Works w^ere erected in 1840, at the cost of £1500, raised in £5 shares. These works are now leased to Mr.
I. Brown, and Mr. S. Starr is the manager. The total improvement expenses in connection with these
works has been about £150 during the last twelve years, and during the last seven years £22 have been
expended on the actual buildings, which are situated in St. Lawrence Street, behind the railway station.
There are thirty-six public lamps, and the gas is supplied to all the shops, and to many of the private houses
at the cost of 7*'. Qxl. per 1000 feet. The consumption of coal is about 180 to 190 tons per annum. Mr. R.
G. Abraham, solicitor, East Street, is secretary to the company, and Mr. Samuel Ilannaford, East Street, is
the treasurer. Ashburton possesses two ancient' conduits, the repairs of which from a very early date have been
I charged on the parish lands, and the supply from these sources is perfectly free. About twelve years ago
I Robert Jardine, Esq., the last member for the borough, brought a copious supply of water from a never-
j iailing spring on his estate called Chuleigh (where he has built a large reservoir) to a large granite conduit
(which he also caused to be constructed)"in the centre of the town, and from the latter the pipes branch oft'
for the supply of the difierent houses. A small charge only is made to keep these pipes in repair, and the
works are under the management of Mr. Distin.
The Ashburton Highway Board meets on the third Saturday in each month. The expenditure for
the year ended Lady-day, 1878, was £1060 19s. 2d., and the receipts £1659 13s. William lohn Watts, Esq.,
is treasurer; Robert Tucker, Esq., chairman ; Mr. Francis Oliver, surveyor; and Mr. II. Mallaby Firth, clerk.
Ashburton was taken by General Fairfax, in his march westward, in 1646. (See Exeter.) The
general had his head-quarters 'here on January 10, and on his departure he left a regiment of soldiers in
possession of the town, lla lodged at the Mermaid Inn, now a house and sliop, retaining much of its ancient
appearance. I'he residence of Mr. Edward Cruse, in West Street, was held by the Piideauxe?, the Dolbeares
and Parkhams, more than 300 years, and is said, without the slightest foundation, to have been a private resi-
dence of tlie abbots of Buckfastleigh. It contains a room about fourteen feet square, wainscotted from fioor to
ceiling with carved oak, and having on its westward side a crocketted canopy, with finials of fieur-de-lis,
representations of the Four Evangelists, and busts of Queen Mary and her consort, Philip of Spain. This
canopy was removed from the church in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when the churchwardens sold it for
one shilling.
The Parish Church (St. Andrew), supposed to have been rebuilt about 1137, is a spacious cruciform
structure, with a western tower rising to the height of 90 feet, and crowned by pinnacles at the
106 -A.Hlil>iirtoii,
corners, and by a semi-octaf^onal turret on its southern face. The north aisle was built in I.jLO, and the
south aisle in the middle of the 15th century. The handsome stone pulpit, which was elaborately carved,
and the brass eagle, were sold to the neighbouring parish of Bigbury in 1777, for .L'll 11."?., and the present
unsightly pulpit and reading desk were substituted. The beautiful screen, of the date of 1/525, which sepa-
rated the nave and chancel, was removed about 1718, and partly used in the construction of the west
gallery. Originally there was a parvis over the porch in which was kept the armour of the two soldiei-s
that the lords of the manor had in feudal times to find for the king. The arch of this porch is of
Transition Norman date. The chancel underwent a complete restoration in 1840, when several ancient
earthen vases were discovered in the walls, and a handsome new east window, enriched with stained
glass, was inserted. These vases are thought to have been used for acoustic purposes. The reredos,
of Bath stone, is divided into live compartments. Several of the windows are modern insertions,
and on taking down part of the ceiling in the south aisle in 1849, various emblematical paintings
were discovered on the old paneled ceiling. In this aisle is a mural tablet in memory of the first
Lord Ashburton, with an inscription written by Dr. Johnson. The north porch remains, but that on the
south side was removed in the early part of last century. A handsome stained glass window was inserted
in 1877 over its site, as a memorial to Thomas and Bartholomew Michelmore, by their brothers and sisters.
The lights are filled with figures of SS. Andrew, Thomas, Bartholomew, and Lawrence. Another beautiful
window has just been placed in the north aisle by parochial subscription, and contains figures of the four
Evangelists. The parishioners have also subscribed for two additional bells, to augment the present peal of
six, and this addition will make the Ashburton peal one of the finest in the county. There were anciently
four chapels in the church. The Registers commence in 1G03. The living, a vicarage, valued in K.B. at
i%38 8s. 11^^/., with Buckland-in-the-Moor annexed, is in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter,
who are also appropriators of the great tithes. The Kev. Charles Worthy, B.A., is incumbent, and has a
good residence and 85a. 1e. of glebe. The rectorial tithes were commuted in 1840 for £390, and the vica-
rial for £528 a year; but of this latter £110 a year is paid to the vicar of Bickington. The vicarage stands
in a large lawn, shaded by magnificent walnut, lime, chestnut, beech, and sycamore trees, and has a kitchen
garden of over half an acre.
Near the church stood the Chantry Chapel of St. Lawrexce, of which the ancient tower and spire are
still standing, but the body was rebuilt about a century ago, and is now the Grammar School, as afterwards
noticed. This chapel was founded in 1314 by Bishop Stapledon, and given by him to the Guild of St. Lawrence,
consisting of the port reeve and burgesses, on certain conditions, one of which was that they should keep a
free school, and pay the master £4 13s. The total value of the possessions of the Guild was £10 15s. a year,
and the balance was directed to be spent in the conveyance of water to the town, and in relief to persons
struck with the plague. The Chantry was suppressed in 1535, and its revenues seized by the Crown.
The Wesleyans, Baptists, and Independents have chapels in the town. The Independent Chapel was
built in 1737, but was enlarged some years ago, and a schoolroom has recently been added to it. It will seat
about 800 hearers, and has a small endowment. The present Wesleyan Chapel was built in 1835, at the
cost of about £1500, and has room for 600 hearers. Sunday Schools are attached to the church and
chapels. An Infant School is supported by the vicar and other subscribers, and the parish has two en-
dowed schools, and various charities for the poor. Here is also a Subscription Library, containing about
2000 volumes, and a Parish Library.
The Grammar School was founded as just noticed by Bishop Stapledon in 1314, and was held in the
chapel of St. Lawrence. This chapel was purchased of the Crown, and afterwards (in 1594) vested in trustees
to be used as a school house, and as a place for holding the manor courts. The ancient tower and spire
remain, but the body has been rebuilt. In the 2nd of Charles L, £418, derived from the bequest of William
Wareing, was laid out in the purchase of 16a. 19p. of land at North Huish and Loddiswell, and 22a. 3r. 7p.
at Aveton Gifibrd, for the support of the schoolmaster. These lands are now let for about £45 a year. He
lias also the rent of 13a. 3p. at Staverton, let for £15, and purchased with £200 left by Edward Gould in
1735. A yearly rent-charge of £4, left to the schoolmaster by Lawrence Blundell in 1637, is paid out of a
house, formerly the Mermaid Inn; and he has yearly 20s. from the churchwardens and 30s. from the over-
seers, as the gifts of Mr. Wareing and another donor. Of the £2000 left by Dr. Ireland in 1842, £1000 was
laid out in purchasing a house for the master ; £500 was lost by the failure of the Totnes Bank, and the
master has the interest of the other £500. The above-named Lawrence Blundell also left two yearly rent-
charges of £6 and £4, to be paid towards the support of two boys at this school preparing for either of the
Universities, and until they should attain the degree of Master of Arts. The donor charged these annuities,
(and 20s. a year for five poor widows), on land belonging to Sir L. V. Palk, Bart. A new scheme for the
management of the Grammar School and Bourne's Elementary School was approved by the Charity Com-
missioners on February 17, 1876, by which the above Foundations are to be administered as one Founda-
tion. The governing body consists of two ex-otiicio, six representative, and four co-optative members.
Boys are admitted to the school between the ages of 7 and 16. The curriculum embraces religious instruc-
tion, reading, writing, and arithmetic, geography, history, English grammar, composition, and literature ;
mathematics, Latin, at least one European language, natural science, drawing, and vocal music; and Greek
as an extra subject. Scholarships, called Foundation Scholarships, have been established, by which the
governors grant total or partial exemption from payment of tuition fees. There are two other scholarships,
respectively of the value of £6 or £8, called Blundell Scholarships, which are competed for ; and as long as
Dean Ireland's gift is applied for the purposes of the School, the governors provide two other scholarships of
£6 each. As soon as the income of the Foundation is sufficient, the governors are to apply £32 yearly i
providing other scholarships, tenable at the school for two years, and of the yearly value of £8. Thei
scholarships are open to boys who have been educated for at least one year at some public elementary sch
1
I> e vonsliir e *
107
in the school district of Ashburton. Mr. James Mortimer, B.A., is head master, and the Rev. J. B. Mattock,
B.A., second master ; R. Tucker, Esq. is secretary to the governors.
Free School. — In 1754, £500 was given by Lord Middleton, and £140 by the Hon. John Harris (two
representatives of the borough), were laid out in the purchase of an estate for the support of a schoolmaster
3r schoolmasters for instructing the children of this parish in reading, writing, and arithmetic. The
estate purchased is called Bourne Farm, and comprises 81a. 17p., let for about £110 per annum. Out of
the rent about £70 per annum was paid to the master and mistress for teaching about 50 free scholars on Dr.
Bell's system. The rest of the clear income is expended in buying books, &c. for the children. The school
was rebuilt about 14 years ago, at the cost of £640, and is commonly called Bourne School. A yearly rent-
charge of £6, left by Mary Dunning in 1805, out of three fields at Halsworthy Hills, in Staverton, is paid to
the schoolmistress for teaching ten poor girls. Mr. S. Husson is the master.
A School Board is about to be established for this parish. (See Addenda.)
The AsHBTJRTON AND Btjckfastleigh Cottage Hospital was established in 1875, and contains six beds.
R, C. Tucker, Esq. is treasurer ; Messrs. Fabyan Amery and H. Mallerby Firth, hon. sees. ; and Mr. H.
Ubsdell, and Dr. Adams, medical officers.
Benefactions to the Poor. — In 1676 Robert Phipps left £80 to be laid out in land, and the yearly
rents to be distributed in linen among the aged poor parishioners. The money was laid out in the purchase
of 3a. 1r. 20p. of land, now let for £12. An old almshouse, left to the poor by Thomas Gaunter in the
34th of Elizabeth, fell down in 1801, and the site was leased on lives in 1807 for £2 a year. A legacy
of £100, left by Edward Bovey in 1709, was laid out in the purchase of 2a. 1e. 26p. of land, now let for
about £10 a year, which is distributed among the poor not receiving parochial relief. For weekly distri-
butions of bread, the poor have £5 4s. per annum, left by Thomas Prideaux and Sir John Acland in the 7th
and 13th of James I. For distribution in clothing, they have two annuities of 20s., left by George Knowling
and John Bounde in 1625 and 1642. An annuity of £8 for schooling poor children, was left by John Ford in
1667, out of the profits of the market for wool and yarn, which was held here every Tuesday till 1800, when
it was discontinued. In 1702 William Stawell left a yearly rent-charge of £10, out of the town mills, for
distribution in linen among the poor. To provide a blue coat for a poor man yearly, Edward Gould left an
annuity of 20s. out of the Bottom Park. For a weekly distribution of bread among the poor parishioners,
John Bickham left £370, which was laid out in 1783 in the purchase of Park Field (7a.), now let for about
£25 a year. In 1778 Richard Harris left a yearly rent-charge of £11 7s. Qd. to this parish, out of land at
Woodland, to be applied as follows : — £10 for the use of 50 poor people ; 21s. for the vicar ; 2s. 6d. for the
clerk ; and 4s. for the two sextons. The dividends of £200 Navy 5 per cent. Stock, purchased with the gifts
of Eleanor and Sally Adams, in l&OO, are distributed in linen cloth among the poor. Five poor widows have
the interest of £2S 16s. left by Alicia Donkin in 1812, secured on the Newton and Ashburton turnpike.
The Church Lands, &c., most of which are supposed to have formed the endowment of St. Lawrence
Chapel, have been vested since the Reformation for the use of the church. They comprise about 36 acres of
land and 11 houses, let in 1821 for only £86 7s. 11(7. per annum, in consideration of large fines paid by the
lessees. Some years ago, this estate was saddled with a mortgage debt of £1480, the interest of which
absorbed most of the income. About £3 per annum out of the rents ought to be distributed among the poor,
in consideration of property derived from the gifts of Robert Hayman, Robert Page, and William Feymouth,
in the reign of Elizabeth.
Eminent Natives. — John Dunning, Esq., a native of this town, having distinguished himself by
great professional abilities, was made Solicitor-General in 1767, and created Baron Ashburton in 1782. He
was born in 1731, and died in 1783, when he was succeeded by his son, Richard Barre Dunning, who died
without issue in 1823, when the title became extinct ; but it was revived in 1835, when that distinguished
statesman, Alexander Baring, was created Lord Ashburton. The late William Gifford, Esq. was born
here in 1755, of poor parents, and having displayed considerable poetical and mathematical tcilent, he was
taken from his apprenticeship as a shoemaker by some friends, and sent to the Grammar School. He after-
wards rose to eminence and wealth, and was editor of the Quarterly Review. He published several valuable
works and translations, and died in 1826, leaving £2000 Stock for the foundation of two scholarships at
Exeter College, Oxford, for youths from Ashburton Grammar School. Another worthy native of this town
was Dr. John Ireland, Dean of Westminster, who died in 1842, and left £2000 to the Grammar School, and
£1000 3 per Cent. Consols, in trust for the yearly payment of £5 each, to six reduced housekeepers of this
parish, attending the church, and of the age of 60 years or upwards. The dean's house is now occupied by
Mr. Varder, and is the property of Mr. E. Foot.
Post, Money Order, Telegraph, and Government Insurance Office and Sayings Bank is at Mr.
"William H. Edgecombe's, East Street. Letters are received from London and {ill parts at 6 a.m. daily, and
from the North at 10.55 a.m. (weekdays only), and are despatched to London and all parts at 7 p.m. week-
days, and 2.40 p.m. Sundays, and to the North at 2.15 p.m. weekdays only. Money order, insurance and
savings bank business is transacted from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., and on Saturday to 8 p.m. The telegraph office is
open from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. weekdays, and from 8 to 10 a.m. Sundays. There is a Wall Letter Box in
North Street cleared at 6 p.m. weekdays only. There are two deliveries on weekdays at 7 a.m and 11 a.m.,
and one on Sundays at 7 a.m. Letters are delivered at the counter from 8 to 10 a.m. on Sundays.
Railway, Great Western. — John Harris, station master.
Abbott "William Henry, farmer, Lower Bowdley
Abraham Robert George, solicitor, clerk to turnpike trus-
tees, sec. to Gas Co. & agent for Atlas Ass. Co. East st
Abraham William, baker and confectioner, North street
Adams James, M.D. M.R.CS. assistant surgeon to 9th
Devon Eifle Volunteers and surgeon to Cottage hospital,
East street
Amery Mr John, Druid
lOS
.^sli1>iiirtou9
Amery Mrs — , Druid
Amery Mr Peter Fabyan Sparke, Druid
Andrews William, letter carrier, and Mrs Mary Jane,
dressmaker, Station road
Ashhurtwi ^- Buckfastleigh Cottage Hospital, Mrs Christian
Daw, matron, Church lane
Ashburton Gas Co. Kobert George Abraham, secretary
Ashburtoii Subscription Library, John P. Poot, secretary
and librarian. East street
Badcock George, (j) mason and shopkeeper. North street
Baker Miss Elizabeth, shopkeeper. East street
Baker John, general smith, East street
Baker Miss Mary, Pree schoolmistross, Bowling green
Ball Mrs Dinah, shopkeeper, Station road
Ball Miss Louisa, Woodville house, East street
Barnes Mrs Susannah, West street
Baskwill Samuel, captain of Gurrington Slate Quarry Co
Woodland ; h Eiist street
Bate Mrs Harriet, Chuleigh
Batten Joseph, house decorator and registrar of births,
deaths and marriages. East street
Battershill Joseph, Sexton, Bovvden hill
Battershill Wm. Hy. baker & confectioner, West street
Bearne Kobert, victualler, Victoria Inn, North street
Beck George, chemist and grocer, East street
Beck Miss Susan, agent for Devon and Exeter Savings'
Bank, East street
Bennett Miss Elizabeth, Station road
Berry John (John & Sons) ; h East street
Berry John & Sons, woollen manufacturers, Kingsbridge
lane and Buckfast, Buckfastleigh
Berry Joshua, farmer, Halshanger
Berry Simeon (John & Sors) ; h East street
Berry Misses Susan and Mary, East street
Bickford John, bank manager, West street
Bickham Mrs Mary Ann, shopkeeper, West street
Bickley Amos, mason, Heavyhead lane
Bovey William Henry, clerk, Kingsbridge lane
Bowaen Henry, master mariner. East street
Bowden John, tailor. East street
Bradridge Mrs — , West street
Browning James, captain of East Vitifer Tin Mining
Co. Limited, North Bovey ; h Western road
Browning John, Berlin wool and fancy goods repository.
West street ; h Bowling green
Burston John, -watch & clock maker & jeweller. North st
Butcher Eev. John Henry, B.A. curate of Buckland-in-
tbe-Moor ; h East street
Butchers Mrs Harriet, West street
Oampion George, blacksmith, Lemonford
Caunter Miss Elizabeth Jane, shopkeeper, East street
Caunter Mrs George, East street
ChafFe Roger, farmer, Higher Barn
Chafte William, dairyman, Heavj'head lane
Chalk Joseph, marine store dealer and shopkeeper. North st
Chalk Samuel Henry, boot and shoe maker, North street
Chalker Mrs Sarah, Haremount house, East street
Chappie James, organist, West street
Chappie William Waycott, printer, bookbinder, and sta-
tioner, North street
Chudleigh Richard, shopkeeper, Caton
Clarke Elon, (j ) carpenter and vict. Rose & Crown, West st
Clarke Thomas, baker and confectioner, East street
Clymo James, draper. North street
Cock Jonathan, captain of Devon and Cornwall Umber
Co ; h Dolbear
Cockey Misses Rachel Sarah, Charlotte Ellen, and Susan
Lewis ; h East street
Cocld Jolm, boot and shoe maker. West street
Collins Miss Jane Alatilda, fancy repository. East street
Coney bear Mrs Susannah, Station road
Conneybear Miss Mary, cider retailer, West street
Cousins Mrs Betsy, East street
Craddoek Mr Prederick, Hazlewood house, East street
Cruse Mr Edward, West street
Cumming William, carpenter and farmer, Hooks
Daniel Philip, tailor. Station road
Davies Mr Prederick, The Rosery, Buckfastleigh road
Daw Mrs Christiana, matron. Cottage hospital
Daw Henry James, grocer, West street
Daw Mrs Mary Ann, grocer & eartlienware dealer, North st
Daw William, miller and baker, Lemonford
Devon and Cornwall Umber Co. Jonathan Cock, captain
Devon and Exeter Savings Bank, East street ; open on
Tuesday, 12 to 2 p.m.; Saturday, 2 to 5 p.m.; Miss
Susan Beck, agent
Dicker William, market gardener, Church lane
Distin William, ironmonger, plumber, gasfitter, bell-
hanger, and tinplate worker, North street
Dobell Henry, cooper. North street
Down John, grocer & agent for Travers' wines. West st.
Dunn Mrs Elizabeth, East street
Eales George, mason. East street
Eales John, bootmaker and letter carrier, Station road
Easterbrook Mrs Elizabeth, East street
Easterbrook Richard, brewer. Griffin brewery ; h Bowl-
ing green
Easterbrook Thomas, farmer, Higher Headborough
Eddy Henry, architect and surveyor. North street
Eddy John, painter, &c. St. Lawrence street
Edgecombe Mrs Melina, saddler &^ harness maker, North st.
Edgecombe Richard, tailor, East-street
Edgecombe Samuel, cartman. Back lane
Edgecombe William Henry, solicitor's clerk, postmaster,
and agent for the Guardian Assurance Co. East street
Eggbeer John, potato and wood dealer. West street
Eggbeer Thomas, jobbing gardenei*. West street
Elliott Mrs Ann, cider retailer, Bowden hill
Elliott Miss Mary Ann, dressmaker, Station road
Elliott Miss Philippa, boarding & day school. East street
Ellis Robert, shopkeeper, p]ast street
Endacott John, carpenter & greengrocer, Station road
Ferris Miss Susan, Hope villa. Western road
Ferris Thomas, tailor. West End cottage. Western road
Firth Henry Mallaby, solicitor, clerk to county magis-
trates, to commissioners of taxes (Teignbridge divi-
sion), and to highway board, and agent for West of
England, Alliance, Guardian, and Economic Insurance
Companies, East street ^
Fisher Rev J. T., W^elstor ; and Herringford, Cornwall
Poaden John, stamp distributor, and agent for Clerical,
Medical, and General Insurance Company, West street
Poaden Jolm Hannibal, builder, contractor, lime burner,
and merchant; agent for Lancashire Insurance Company;
and victualler. Globe hotel. North street
Foot Henry, tailor, AV'est street
Foot John, carpenter, Heavyhead lane
Foot John Peter, boot and shoe maker, and librarian and
secretary to subscription library. East street
Foot Robert, baker, North street
Foot William, land agent (Whiteway and P.), and coal
and building materiril dealer. Station road
Ford Edward Steel, cashier. Station road
Ford Mrs Elizabeth, laundress, East street
Franklyn Mi's Elizabeth, dressmaker. West street
French Mrs Elizabeth, shopkeeper, East street
French George, blacksmith. North street
Gervis Walter Soper, M.D., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., F.G.S.,
medical officer 1st district Newton Abbot Union,
surgeon to 4th Bat. D.R.V,, West street
Gidley Mrs Ann, shopkeeper, North street
Gidley Mr George, West End terrace
Gidley Richard, coal merchant, Station road
Giles Henry, boot and shoo maker. East street
Gill Mr William, Station road
Gribble Misses Josepha Wynne, Caroline, & Emma, West st
Grose John, boot and shoe dealer. North street
Hamlyn Thomas, farmer, Welstor
Devonshire.
J 09
Hannaford Miss Mary Ann, milliner and dressmaker,
West street
Hannaford Mr Samuel, East street
Harris John, Great Western Kailway station master, 6
West End terrace
Harrogan William, chimney-sweeper, Back lane
Harvey Alfred Merchant, draper, ^orth street
Hays Adrian, watchmaker and jeweller, North street
Hern John, farmer, Scobetor farm, Widecombe-in-the-
Moor ; h Staverton place
Hext John, coal and firewood dealer, Kingsbridge lane
Hext Richard, farmer, Yolland hill
Hext Thomas, builder, furniture broker, baker, and beer
house, North street
Hext Thomas, jun., draper. North street
Hill Abraham, druggist and grocer, North street
iill Josiah, clerk, 5 West End terrace
3ill Thomas, foreman tailor, West street
lill William, posting house &vict. London Hotel, Westst.
lines John, victualler. Swan Inn, Nortli street
lonywill John Hannaford, maltster and brewer, Old Mill
brewery, wine and spirit merchant and victualler,
Commercial Hotel, Nortli street,
louywill Miss Margaret Bessie, draper. East street
looper Mrs Susannah Sophia, East street
lorton Henry, blacksmith, West street
lorton John, general smith and agricultural implement
maker, West street
iouston Miss — , Peartree
lusson Samuel, Free School master, Bowling green
iuxham Miss Agnes, baker and grocer, North street
reland Mrs Mary Ann, refreshment house, Station road
rish Henry, farmer. Higher and Lower Rushlade
rish Mr William, Buckland view
I'ish William, farmer, Pitt
fackman William, beerhouse. North street
Fewell Samuel, blacksmith, Station road
Tohns Edwin, grocer, letter carrier, town crier, and bill
poster, East street
'oint, William, mason. East street
{^ingwell Mrs Jane, shopkeeper. North street
iingwell Mrs Mary, West street
vingwell Mrs Mary, farmer, Westabrook
{^ingwell Mr Richard, East street
inapman Mrs Elizabeth, baker and confectioner. East st.
I Cnapman Joseph, miller, Lurgecombe mills
knight John, mason, East street
Knowling Edwin James, baker and grocer, North street
inowling William, wheelwright, North street
jamason Mrs Maria, baker, brush, mat, and rope dealer,
North street
^angler George, saddler and harness maker, North street
^ay Rev John Ward, M.A., Hele
jee John Ball, hairdresser and parish clerk, West street
jee Philip, shopkeeper, East street
joye Albert, joiner, and china, glass, and earthenware
dealer, Station road
j laddock John, cabinet maker, Heavyhead lane
:iann Mrs Louisa, East street
lann Miss Mary, day school, East street
iann Peter, farmer, Sigford
lann Richard, farmer, Higher Goodstone
lann & Son, auctioneers and surveyors. East street
lanu Thomas William, stonemason, East street
lann William (M. & Son) ; h West street
lann William, jun. (M. & Son), and butcher, East street
'lann William, farmer. Lower Goodstone and Lower
Waye ; h Lower Goodstone
lathews Richard, mason and baker, Heavyhead lane
latterface William Henry, butcher, East street
lattock Rev John Best, B.A. curate and second master of
Grammar school ; h School house, East street
launder Thomas & James, butchers. West st. ; h East st
launder Mr AVilliam, West street
May James, grocer. North street
Mead Mrs Mary, day school. East street
Merryfield Richard, victualler, Exeter inn, West street
Metherell Mr John, Violet cottage
Mole Rev Joseph (Wesleyan), Stone park
Moorman Rev Andrew Cook (Independent), Eatt street
Mortimer James, B.A. headmaster of Grammar school ; h
School house. East street
Mortimore Mr Edward, West street
Mugridge Henry Gard, baker. North street
Mugridge Richard, dairyman. Ivy cottage, Western road
Nichol Robert, miller, Eurzeleigh mill; and Town mill,
Buckfastleigh
Norris Henry Albert, baker and confectioner, East street
Northcott Robert, farmer. Lower Whiddon
Northway Richard, shopkeeper. East street
Osbaldeston Ernest William, brewery manager, 2 West
End terrace
Palk Richard, farmer, Alston
Palk William, jobbing gardener. Old Totnes road
Pascoe Nicholas, captain of Roborough Umber Co. ; h
Balland cottnge
Passmore Mrs Charlotte, West street
Pearse Mr Thomas, East street
Perkins Mrs Elizabeth, baker, brewer, and victualler,
Golden Fleece, Station road
Pidsley Thomas, farmer, Rew
Pitts William, farmer. Lower Lemonford
Pope Charles, tailor, outfitter, hatter and shirt maker,
West street ; h Newton Abbot
Pope Mr William, North street
Popplestone Daniel, nursery and seedsman. East street
Port Sergeant James, drill instructor to 9th Devon Volun-
teers, Church lane
Preston John James, wheelwright, North street
Preston Richard, Great Western Railway Co.'s goods and
parcels agent, and victualler. Red Lion, East street
Pugsley James, grocer, Avheelwright, millwright, and ma-
chinist, North street
Richards William, mining captain. West street
Roborough Umber Co. ; Nicholas Pascoe^ captain
Rogers Mrs T. E., Waye house
Rowland John, farmer. Lower Headborough
Rowland William, farmer, Higher and Lower Aswell
Sanders Thomas, miller, and agent for Golding's manures,
Town mills
Saunders John, house decorator. East street
Sawdye Edward (S. & Son), and agent for Royal Farmers',
and Edinburgh Life Ins. Cos., Laburnum house, AVest st
Sawdye Edward John (S. & Son) ; h Sparnham hs. Westst
Sawdye & Son, land surveyors, auctioneers, general, com-
mission & estate agents. Laburnum house. West street
Sexton Mrs Maria, posting house and victualler, Golden
Lion, East street
Shilston Henry, farmer. Higher Waj'^e
Skinner Charles, linen and woollen draper, East street
Skinner George Wills (J. & G.) ; h Caton
Skinner John, farmer. Higher Lemonford
Skinner Joseph, farmer (J. & G.) ; h Caton
Skinner Joseph, grocer and farmer. North street
Skinner Joseph, jun. saddler and harness maker, North st
Smerdon Charles, butcher. North street
Smerdon Mrs Charlotte, 1 West End terrace
Smerdon Elijah, farmer, Summerhill
Smerdon Elisha, farmer. Higher mead
Smerdon Elisha, shopkeeper, West street
Smerdon John, farmer. Lower mead
Smerdon John, farmer. Higher Brownswell
Smerdon John, pork butcher. North street
Smerdon Richard, butcher and farmer. East street
Smerdon Mr Thomas, Bowdley cottage
Smerdon Mr Thomas, Lower Brownswell
Smerdon William Henry Soudon, farmer, Higher Bowdley
Soper Frederick, carpenter. East street
110
^ «!i]il>iii* t o n ,
Sprague Mrs .Sarali Cosens, boarding & day school, P^ast at
Stamp Office, West street (open from a.m. to 7 p.m.) ;
John Foaden, distributor
Stanbury John, farmer, Iliglier AVhiddon
Stanconibe James, farmer, Furzeleigh
Stear George, veterinary surgeon, East street
Steele Mr Henry, Wood place
Steer William, dairyman, cartman and coal dealer. East st
Stephens James, victualler, Town Arms, North street
Stephens Henry, builder and contractor, Ilazeldeno
Syms John, sawyer. Spring gardens
Tanner Mr Edmund Eearnley, High prove
Taylor Mrs Agnes, basket maker. Mill lane
Taylor Mrs Charlotte, shopkeeper and lodgings, Station rd
Thorn Samuel, greengrocer. West street
Tippett J. Collins, surgeon dentist. East street (attends at
Mr Saunders', first Monday in month) ; and Torquay
Tozer Henry, solicitor, agent for Liverpool and London
and Globe I us. Co. East street
Tozer Mr John, Abbey view
Tozer Mr Solomon, Abbey view
Truman Mrs Jemima, victualler. Royal Oak, East street
Truran Thomas, shopkeeper. East street
Tucker Edwin, maltster, and seed, grain and manure mer-
chant, Kingsbridge lane
Tucker Robert (T. & Son), h The Hall
Tucker Robert Coard (T. & Son), h The Hall
Tucker & Son, solicitors. The Hall
Turner Mr. Robert, Leat Park
Varder John Lavington, chemist, druggist, Italian ware-
houseman, & agent for Gilbey's wines & spirits. West st
Varder Lavington Broom, printer, bookseller and stationer.
East street
Wadge Edwin Harvey, statuary, Tudor buildings. North
street ; and coal merchant, Eowler's square, Buckfast
leigh {See Advertisement)
Walker John, chimney sweeper, North street
Ward Daniel, farmer, Prestaford
Warren John Francis, thatcher, Dolbear
Warren Richard, thatcher, Dolbear
Watts, Whidborne & Co. bankers (draw on Williams,
Deacon & Co.), West st. (open Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs.
Fri. and 3rd Sat. in month, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., on other
Saturdays 10a.m. to 1 p.m.), John Bickford, manager;
and Teignmouth, Newton Abbot, and Dawlish
Watts Wm. John (W., Whidborne & Co.) ; h Ford house,
Newton Abbot
Weatherden Mr Thomas, Gages, Buckfastleigh road ►
Weeks Robert, boot and shoe maker. East street
Weeks Samuel, boot and shoe maker. North street ;
Weeks Thomas, tailor. West street '■
Westaway James, victualler. Duke's Head, East street ;
Westaway John, greengrocer. West street
Westington Richard, farmer, Lower Brownswell
Whidborne John, banker (Watts, W. & Co.); h Gorway, ;
Teignmouth
Whiddon John, marine store dealer, town crier and bill :
poster. North street
Whiddon Mrs Susannah, marine store dealer, North street j
Whiddon Thomas, fish dealer. North street \
Whiddon William, wheelwright. Browses buildings !
White Frederick, china, glass & earthenware dlr. West st"
White Mr Matthew, Rose cottage i
Whitewiiy & Foot, land agents, East street 1
Whiteway William Rolstone (W. & Foot), and agent for j
Sun Assurance Company ; h East street
Widger Mr William, Goodstone
AVill cocks Thomas, dairyman, East street
Wills Mrs Amelia, sho]pkeeper, North street
Wills James, beerhouse, and lamp and oil dealer. North st
Wills John, agricultural seed, manure, corn & coal mcht. &
agt. for C. Norrington's manure, East st. ; h North st
Winsor Joseph, victualler, Culloden Inn, North street
Winsor Samuel, farmer, Horsehill
Woodley James, Esq. J.P. Halshanger house
Woolaway William, baker and grocer. North street
Worthy Rev Charles, B.A. vicar. The Vicarage
Worthy Lieutenant Charles, The Vicarage
AVotton John Endacott, painter, glazier & plumber, West st
Yates Mrs W. W., East street
Yeldham Brothers, brewers and maltsters. East street
Yeldham Mrs Martha (Bros.) ; h Station road
Yolland Charles, butcher, East street
Yolland Mrs Elizabeth, farmer, Pitleigh
Yolland Mr George Wills, West street
Yolland James, tailor and draper. North street
Young Mrs Colonel, Sinclairs, Western road
Railway Carriee, &c. — Richard Preston, Great Westerii
Railway, agent for goods and parcels, East street
I
Conveyance — Omnibuses from Golden Lion Hotel
Red Lion Inn meet all trains
and
ASHBURY is a parish 5 miles S.W. of Hatherleigh, in Okehampton union, county court district, and
rural deanery, Totnes archdeaconry. Black Torrington hundred, Hatherleigh petty sessional division, and
Okehampton polling district of South Devon. The parish had 50 inhabitants (26 males and 24 females) in
1871, living in 8 houses, on 1700 acres of land. Nearly all the parish is the manor and property of the Ven.
Henry Woollcombe, Archdeacon of Barnstaple, who lives at AsHBtTRY House, a fine old mansion with
tasteful grounds, where his family has been seated since 1685. The Church (St. Mary the Virgin) is very
ancient, and consists of chancel, nave, and west tower containing three bells. The church is beautifully
situated in the picturesque park of the Woollcombe family. It was rebuilt on the old foundations, and on
the original plan, by the Ven. Archdeacon Woollcombe, in 1871. The Register dates from 1612. The living,
a discharged rectory, valued in K.B. at £5 13s. Ad., is in the patronage of the Crown ; the tithes amount to
£73, and there is a glebe of 139 acres. In 1876, the benefice was united to the adjoining parish of Northlew,
and the united living is held by the Rev. Thomas England.
Post from Exbourne, but Hatherleigh is the nearest Money Order Office. Okehampton is the nearest
Railway Station, but it is expected that the station on the Holsworthy extension will soon be opened.
Copp Caleb, farmer, Wadland
Hutchings James, parish clerk
Vallance Daniel, farmer, Stoney
Voaden William, farmer. Pinnacle
Wood John, farmer, Scobchester
Woollcombe Henry, Esq. J.P. Ash-
bury house
ASHCOMBE is a parish and scattered village near the source of a rivulet, 3 miles E, of Chudleigh, 5
miles N.W. of Teignmouth, in St. Thomas's union, Exeter county court district and archdeaconry, Wonford
petty sessional division, Eastern division of the county, Kenn rural deanery, and Exminster hundred. It had
213 inhabitants (117 males, 96, females) in 1871, living in 37 houses, on 1932 acres of land, including about
500 acres of waste and plantation. Sir Lydstone Newman, Bart., is lord of the manor and owner of most
of the soil. The Church (St. Nipap^us) consists of chancel, nave, nortlj aisle and transepts, and was
I>evoiisliire,
111
repaired and partly rebuilt in 1825, at a cost of about £1000. The living is a rectory, valued in K.B. at £18
and now at £300 (gross), in tlie patronage of the Lord Chancellor, and incumbency of the Rev. W. H. Palk,
M.A,, J.P., who has 31 acres of glebe, and a good slated residence, with tasteful grounds. The tithes are
commuted at £247 a year. The National School for this parish has a house for the teachers, and was
built by the lord of the manor. In 1802, Eobert Moalle left £3 a year for schooling poor children.
Foot Post from Dawlish, which is the nearest Money Order Office and Railway Station.
Adams Charles, farmer, Newhouse
Adams William Carrol (Exors. of),
farmei', Langdon Barton
Cornelius John, farmer, Woodhouse
Coysh Eichard, blacksmith
Downing Miss Fanny, Natl, schlmstrss
Endacott Jas. farmer, Westleigh farm
French William, farmer
Palk Eev Wilmot Hy. M.A. J.P. vicar
of Chudleigh, & rector, The Rectory
Pudner John, carpenter
White John, farmer, A shcombe Barton
ASHFORD, a parish and small village on an acclivity on the north side of the estuary of the Taw,
■Jh miles W.N.W. of Barnstaple, in Barnstaple union, county court district, archdeaconry and rural deanery,
Bmunton petty sessional division and hundred, and Braunton polling district of JMorth Devon. Its parish
liad 152 inhabitants ((38 males, 84 females) in 1871, living in 33 houses, on 359 acres of land. The manor
was successively held by the Beaumont, Bassett, Moore and Bampfylde families, and was sold in lots, about
1815, by Sir C. W. Bampfylde. It now belongs to the executors of the late George Langdon, Esq., Sir W. R.
Brake, Messrs. J. M. Fisher Lewis, and Wm. and Thos. Badcock, and a few others. The church (St. John) is
an ancient structure, consisting of nave, chancel, north aisle, and tower, surmounted by a spire and containing
two bells. The chancel was rebuilt in 1861-2 by the present rector at a cost of £300 ; the other portions of
the church were rebuilt in 1854. The east window is filled with stained glass in memory of the Rev. Jno.
Blackraore, M.A., a former curate. The seats are of ancient oak, having finely carved ends, and the church
contains a good organ. There are several handsome monuments to the Drake and other families. The
Register dates from 1700. The living is a rectory, valued in K.B. at £8 135. 9d., and now at £110, in the
patronage of the Lord Chancellor and incumbency of the Rev. Charles Whittington Landon, T.A.K.C. The
glebe is (3 acres, and there is an old-fashioned rectory house, from the grounds of which a good view of the
Taw estuary can be obtained. The tithes are commuted at £85 a year. The Baptists have a small chapel
here. A INatio^'^al School was erected in 1859, but the parish forms, with that of Heanton Punchardon, a
united district for school board purposes. (See Heanton Punchardon).
Post through Barnstaple, which is the nearest Money Order Office and Railway Station.
Eudeock Lewis, farmer, Furseroft
Badcock Thomas, farmer, Upcott
Badcock William, farmer, Topshill
Braily Mr, Edgecombe cottage
Brooks William, bootmaker
Clarke John, victualler, Ashford Inn
CutclifFe George, bootmaker
Giddy Richard, tailor
Graddon Mr James, W^oolstones
Hammond Mrs Mary Ann, Cliff cot
Hodge William, farmer
Landon Rev, Charles Whittington,
T.A,K.C. rector, The Rectory
Langdon George, yeoman
Reardon Roger Jackson, postmaster
ASHPRINGTON, a parish and village picturesquely seated on a gentle slope near the confluence of the
river Harbourn with the estuary of the Dart, 2^ miles S.E. of Totnes railway station, eight miles N.W.
of Dartmouth, and twelve miles S. by W, of Torquay. Its parish, which includes the hamlets of IVesfhourn
and Yeatson and part of that of Tuckenhay, is in Totnes union, and county court district, Stanborough and
Coleridge petty sessional division. Brent polling district of South Devon, Totnes archdeaconry and rural
deanery, and Coleridge hundred. It had 565 inhabitants (265 males, 300 females) in 1871, living in 128
houses on 2790 acres ; the parish includes 145 acres of water. At Tuckenhay are a corn mill and large
quarries of hard stone, of which great quantities are exported to London, &c. for macadamising roads.
Richard Durant, Esq., J.P,, owns a great part of the parish, and is owner of the manor of Sharpham, which
has been successively held by the Winard, French, Prideaux, Drewe, Cliles, Yarde, Cockey, Pownall, and
Bastard families. The Rev. G. T. Carwithen, Mr. W. D. Adams, Mr. Edmonds, Mrs. Chilcote, Mr. Jeffry
Edwards, Mr. Freer, and Mrs. Adams, have estates here. Painsford, an ancient mansion on the banks of
the river Harbourn, and the residence of Mr. Richard Coaker, is the property of Mr. Philip Michelmore, and
has been successively held by the Piperell, Halwill, Somaster, Kellond, Courtenay, and other families. It
was formerly much larger than at present, and its chapel, disused since the middle of the last century, had a
suite of armour hanging over the communion rails; but the chapel has been removed. The left wing of the
house has a fine row of arches. Mr. Durant occupies a large and handsome Portland stone mansion, with
extensive and well-wooded grounds, descending to the western bank of the river Dart, amidst some of the
most beautiful scenery of the valley. The Church (St. David) is a liaudsome structure in the Perpendicular
style, consisting of chancel, nave, and two side aisles. It was restored in 1845, and new windows with
muUions and tracery of Bath stone inserted, chiefly at the expense of Richard Durant, Esq. The clustered
columns of the nave have foliated capitals. The church is seated with square pews, ex-cept the chancel,
which has solid oak open benches. The chancel is divided from the nave by a dwarf screen of Portland
stone, surmounted with ironwork and brass, marble columns inserted in the pillars, and is laid with encaustic
tiles ; those within the communion rails are in memory of the Ley and Carwithen families, and were laid at
the expense of the Rev. Jacob Ley, and the rest at the cost of the present rector. The improvements in the
chancel were carried out in 1865 at the cost of £300, under the supervision of Mr. Thomas Lidstone, of
Dartmouth, The east window has been filled with stained glass, executed by Beer, of Exeter, at the
expense of R. Durant, Esq., and beneath it is a tine Caen stone reredos, in seven compartments. In the
church are several mural marble tablets, in memory of members of the Somaster, Kellond, Bastard, and
other families. The living is a ]-ectory; valued in K.B. at £29 Is. 8d., in the patronage and incumbency of
the Rev. G. W. T. Carwithen, who resides in his own house, the rectory house being occupied by Geiy' "^
112
A.Hlip]:*iii|2^ton,
Yeo, Esq. The glebe is 28a. 3r. ]7r., and the tithes were commuted in 1844 for £5.37 a year. The Parish
School is held in a buildiui^ erected by the present rector, and supported by a voluntary rate ; it has an
average attendance of 45. A plot of ground, the site of the old aluitshouses, is let lor 10s. a year, which is
given to the poor at Christmas.
Post Office is at Mr. Samuel Janes's, Tuckenhay. Letters are received at 7.55 a.m., and despatched at
5.10 p.m. weekdays, and 8.55 a.m. Sundays, • via Totnes, which is the nearest Money Order Ollice and
llailway Station.
Adams Mi's Mary, Spring bank, Tuck-
enhay
Bowden John Hy. boot & shoe maker
j>uckingh{im Henry (Ileury and Son)
Buckingham Ily.jun. (Henry and Son)
Buckingham Henry & Son, builders
Burgoyne John Baker, mason
CHrwithen Eev. Geo. W. Terry, rector
Child ley John, miller, Washboiirne
Coaker Richard, farmer, Painsford
Cornelius Mr John. Steps cottage
De Schmid Mr Charles, Springfield
house, Tuckenhay
De Schmid Madame Eliza, Myrtle cot
Durant Richard, Esq. J.P. Sharpham
Earle John, farmer, Brooking
Elliott John, baker and grocer
Foale AVilliam, butcher, Bow bridge,
and Totnes market (on Sat.)
Fowler William, miller, Tuckenhay
Goss George, farmer, Newhouse ; Palk Harry Frank, farmer, Sharpham
Hannaford John, carpenter and vie- j Barton
tuallor, MaUsters'Arms, Tuckenhay ! Palk James, miller&farmer,Bow mills
Harris John, farmer, Washbourno
Harvey John, dairyman
Janes Samuel, (j) mason, shopkeeper,
and poi-tmaster, Tuckenhay
Landon Mr Henry, Whittington Lid-
diard, Yeatson
Loder John, storekeeper for T. Pitts
and Sons, and blacksmith, brcAver
and victualler, Waterman's Arms,
Bow bridge
Mann TJios. farmer. Higher Yeatson
Manning Charles, maltster, coal mer-
chant, and agent for Barnard, Lack
and Alger's manures, Tuckenhay
Newland Mrs Elizabeth, shopkeeper
Paige William, farmer, Higher Wash-
bounie
Pedrick John, farmer, Coombe
Peters John, thatcher
Pinhey Wm. farmer. Lower Yeatson
1 i ts T. & Sons, manure merchants,
&C. Tuckenliiiy,John Loder,storekpr
Roper Thomas, blacksmith
Seccombe Frdk. paper mfr.Cornworthy
Shinner Jas. farmer,Ashprington court
Short Samuel, dairyman and victu-
aller, Ashprington Inn
Thuell Henry, sexton
Tope Henry, miller, Painsford
Wind borne James, farmer, Frogmoro
Williams Mrs Elizabeth
Wyatt Samuel, tailor & parish clerk .
Yeo Mr Gerald, The Rectory
ASHREIGNY or King's Ash parish includes the hamlets of Riddleeomhe and Great Hayes, and is in
Torrington union, county court district, Southmolton petty sessional division, Northern division of the
county, Barnstaple archdeaconry, Chulmleigh rural deanery, and North TaAvton hundred. Ashreigny
village is 4 miles VV. by S. of Chulmleigh. The parish had 786 inhabitants (403 males, 383 females) in
1871, living in 165 houses, on 5663 acres of land. J. G. Johnson, E>q., M.P., is lord of the manor formerly
belonging to the Keigny and other lamilies, but part of the soil is held by Earl Portsmouth and a few
smaller owners. Here is an annual fair on the Wednesday after January 30lh. The Church (St. James)
is an ancient structure with a tower containing six bells. The living is a rectory, valued in K.B. at £24, in
the patronage of the Kev. J. F. Johnson, and incumbency cf the liev. R. L. P. Samborne, M.A., J.P., who
has a good residence and 78 acres of glebe. The tithes are commuted at £460 a year. The Wesletans have
a chapel here, and at Bridgereeve is an Independent Chapel. The National School was built in 1860
at a cost of £600, raised by voluntary contribution, aided by Government grant.
Letters by foot post, via Chulmleigh, which is the nearest Money Order Office. There is a Wall
Letter Box in the village, cleared at 5.40 p.m. weekdays only.
Ashplant John, boot and shoe maker
Ashplant Richd. boot and shoe mnker
Babbage James, farmer, AVoodrow
Bird John, farmer, Pitt
Boundy Andrew, victualler. New Inn
Boundy James, tailor & shopkeeper,
Riddlecombe
Bouudy John, draper and grocer
Boundy Richd. farmer, Riddlecombe
Boundy Saml. house agent and parish
clerk
Boundy Samuel, farmer, West yard
Callard William, blacksmith
Carter John, wheelwright and shop-
keeper, Riddlecombe
Carter Samuel, farmer, Riddlecombe
Cole Mrs Joan, farmer, Denshanr
Cole John, farmer and manure mer-
chant, South
Cole John Budd, farmer, Isaacs
Cole Joseph, farmer. Ham
Cole Saml. yeoman. Church water
Cole Thomas, farmer, Beera
Cook John, rope maker & shopkeeper,
Bridgereeve
Cook John, jun. rope maker, Bridge-
reeve
Cook John, farmer. Coal House
Dunn Saml, Chappie, farmer, Horridge
Ellis James, blacksmith, Bridgereeve
Ford John, farmer and road surveyor
for Chulmleigh district
Gay William, miller, Marsh mill
Greenslade John, blacksmith, Riddle-
combe
Hancock John, farmer and maltster,
Goodcott
Harris Mrs Hannah, farmer, Riddle-
combe
Harris Jeremiah, farmer and assessor
of taxes, Riddlecombe
Harris .John, farmer. Cold Harbour
Harris Robert, farmer, Riddlecombe
Harris Robert, farmer. Hole
Harris Thomas, carpenter
Harris William, farmer, Hook
Ilea don Isaac, farmer, Westaeott
Josling Mrs Mary Cowman, National
school mistress
Josling William Richard, National
school master and orgnist
Lane Wm. saddler & harness maker
Mitchell Mrs Jane, South cottage
Mitchell John, farmer, Eagledown
Reed Edward, yeoman, Arson
Samborne Rev Richd. Lane Palmer,
M.A., J.P. rector. The Rectory
Short Bernard & Son, farmers. Bridge
Short John (B. & Son); h Bridge
Short Richard, farmer, Northcott
Barton
Simmons Thomas, carpenter
Skinner Thos. farmer, Hansford
Skinner William, farmer, Redland
Squire John, yeoman, Furze Barton
Squire John, farmer, West Arson
Thorne John, farmer, Crabdown
i Turner Christopher, farmer, Heale
I Wedlake John, farmer, Bourne Barton
ASHTON, a parish, on an acclivity, rising from a small rivulet, 4 miles N. by W. of Chudleigh,
includes two villages called Higher and Loivcr Ashion, and has a station on the Teign Valley Hailway. It
is in St. Thomas's miion, Exeter county court district and archdeaconry, Wonford petty sessional division,
Exeter polling district of East Devon, Kenn rural deanery, and Exminster hundred. Its parish had 255
inhabitants (127 males, 128 females) in 1871, living in 48 houses on 1709 acres of land. John Treeby,
Devoiisliii'e.
113
Esq., is lord of the manor and principal owner of the soil. The Chiidleighs were lords of the manor, and
were seated here from 1320 till about 1750, and the remains of their mansion may be seen in a farm house.
Sir Georg-e Chudleigh was created a baronet in 1620, but the title became extinct on the death of Sir James,
who was killed at Ostend, in 1745. Their house, which had been garrisoned for the King, was taken by the
Parliamentarians, December 29, 1G45. Tlie CnuRcn (St. John), is an ancient fabric, with a tower and six
bells. In the interior is an old painted screen. The Register dates from 1517. The church contains a
wooden monument to Sir George Chudleigh. first a Parliamentarian, and afterwards a lloyalist commander
in the Civil War of 1G57, and liis wife who had 'nine sons and nine daughters.' The living is a rectory,
valued in K.lJ. at £11 10;?. 2^d., in the patronage and incumbency of the llev. Henry Roberts, M.A,,
who has 58 acres of glebe, and a large residence with pleasant grounds. The tithes are commuted for
£250 10s. a year. The National ScnooL was built in 1830. Two small Almshotjses, built in 1054,
by Sir George Chudleigh and other contributors, are endowed with £5. a year, left in 1G75, by John Stooke,
who also left 20s. a year for the poor parishioners.
Post from Newton Abbot, through Bovey Tracey, but Chudleigh is the nearest Money Order Office.
Barber Francis, farmr, Blachforcl farm
Bartlett William, farmer and vict.
Fisherman Inn
Bradrich Henry, farmer, Greorge.Teign
Bradrich William, farmer, Higher
Barton
Cleave Walter, farmer. Bramble
Coble}'- Mrs Mary, National school-
mistress
Kelland Mrs, farmer, Rydon
Knowles John, wheelwright and
victualler, New Inn
Mortimer — , farmer, Goombe
Nosworthy — , farmer, Cowley
Rich John, shopkeeper and tailor
Roberts Rev Henry, M.A. rector, The
Rectory
ToAvnsend Richard, shopkefeper
Vooght Henry, f^irmer, Bridgelands
White John, farmer, Place Barton
ASIIWATER, 7 miles S.E. by S. of Ilolsworthy, is a large village and parish in Ilolsworthy union,
county court district and deanery, Ilolsworthy petty sessional division, South division of the county, Black
Torrington hundred, and Barnstaple archdeaconry. Its parish had 849 inhabitants (451 males, 398 females),
in 1871, living in 1G8 houses, on 8587 acres of land, and includes the hamlet of Quoditch, 2 miles east of
the village. It has fairs on the first Tuesday in May, and the first Monday in August. Miss Mary Preston
is lady of the manor of Ash water ; Lady Molesworth, lady of Ilunscott manor, and owner of Henford
Barton ; and W. B. Coham, Esq., owns the manor of Greenworthy. The Church (St. Peter), has a tower
and five bells, and contains a rich monument of the last of the Carminow family; one to John Short, J]sq.,
and another to Peter Spoure, Esq. The Register dates from 1558. The rectory, valued in K.B. at
£2G (Ss. Sd., is in the patronage of W. W. Melhuish, Esq., and incumbency of the Rev. J. ]M. Feild, B.A.,
who has a good residence and 94 acres of glebe. The tithes are commuted at £5G9 a year. The Baptists
and the Bible Christiaij^s have small chapels here.
Post Ofpice at Mr. John Wadland's. Letters are received at 11 a.m., and despatched at 3.15 p.m.
via Lifton, which is the nearest Money Order Office.
Baker Thomas, blacksmith, Long lane '
Beale Richard, farmer, East down
Beare John, farmer, Statford
Beare John, miller. Ash mill
Beare Samuel, yeoman, Pristacott
15otterell Joseph Dennis, farmer,
South Quoditch
Braund John, farmer, Ilegadon
Bray Richard Veysey, tailor, grocer,
draper, ironmonger and agent for
Briton, Medical and General Life
and Norwich and London Accident
Insurance Companies
Bray Thomas Martin, farmer
Ching Richd. farmr. Little Claw moor
Clifton Henry, plumber, glazier,
painter and paperhanger
Clifton Richard, carpenter, Henford
Clifton Robert, Mason
difton Thomas, tailor
jClifton William, carpenter.. Henford
^ole John, carpenter, Cross lanes
Cole William, farmer and butcher,
■ Pristacott
pCory John, day school and registrar of
: births and deaths for Broadwood
Widger district
I Crocker John, farmer. North end
jCurtiee Greorge, farmer, Larkworthy
I.Dinnis Samuel, farmer, Barton
Docket James, tailor and draper
Docket John, jobbing gardener, Long-
land
Docket John, jun. blacksmith
Ellacott George, farmer, Larkworthy
Facy Alexander, yeoman, Langa-
ford
Facy Samuel Pearce, yeoman, Langa-
ford
Facey Thomas Martin, yeoman, Muck-
worthy
Feild Eev James Meyrick, B.A. rector,
The Rectory
Friend John, ffirmer, West Venn
Fry Thomas, M.R.C.V.S. 'veterinary
surgeon, Cross lanes
Furse William, farmer. West down
Gerry John, tailor, Cross lanes
Gerry William, farmer, Pristacott
Gilbert Henry, farmer, Muckworthy
Gimblett John, farmer, Hunscott
Hamly John, carpenter, Pristacott
Harris James, farmer, Pristacott
Hatch Emanuel, farmer. Burrow
Beard Arscott, farmer Langaford
Heard Marwood, farmer, Hunscott
Hicks John, farmer, Widdon
Hill John & Co. ironmongers, grocers,
drapers, farmers, manure merchants
and agents for West of England
Ins. Co. and agricultural imple-
ment agents, Blagaton
Hill Richard, farmer, Hunscott
James Jeremiah, farmer, Clawford
Jenkin William, farmer & victualler.
Manor Inn
Jones Hy. higgler & f^irmer, Henford
Jordan John, farmer, Braddon
Jordan Richard, farmer and shop-
keeker. Beach cottage
Jordan Richard, jun. farmer, Statfonl
Lunn Abraham, farmer, Forda
Maynard James, farmer, Barriton
Medland William, farmer, Swingdou
Metherell John, yeoman, Buckhorii
Murley Richard, farmer, NewEnglaii 1
Nancekivell Thomas, farmer and cattle
dealer, Reuson
Nancekivell William Beale, catile
dealer, Renson
Northcott James, carpenter, Ash mill
Northcott Thomas, carpenter
Oliver John, yeoman, Pristacott
Oliver Thomas, yeoman, land sur-
veyor and collector of Land and
Income taxes, Henford
Palmer Richard, farmer, Langaford
Parsons James, farmer. Hay
Parsons John, farmer, Viza
Petheriek Arthur, higgler and carrier,
Thorney cross
Priscott William, builder
ReddiclifFo Richard, farmer. Quo liteh
Rogers Mrs Mary Ann, farmer, Saiui-
bury moor
Rogers Richard, farmer, Clawmoor
Scoins William, farmer, Quoditch
Smale Robert, carpenter & machinist,
Quoditch
Sobey Benjamin, farmer, Blagaton
Sobey Emanuel, boot and shoe maker,
Lipson cottage
114
^sli^vater.
Spry Jno. blacksmith, Sandlmry moor j Tom John, vict. Union Inn, Ash mill
Spry Philip, fanner aiul l.lacksniii li. i TrcliLle William, tailor, Ash mill
Uuoclitch
Spry Philip, jun. J'annui- .•uid luilcln'i
Blagatou
Spry AVilliam, farinur, Luckcron
Steulako John, boot and shoo inakur
Symons William, farmer, Laiigalbrd
ble William, tailor. Ash
\r:\\o Miss Ann, Ilegadon
\ ealo liobert, yoomaii, Ho!
Veysoy Charles, boys' I >' .;i V'
llainpden hoiuse
Vcysey Mrs Cluu'Irs. 1,-dieh
school, Hampdeu In disc;
mill
i!j, school,
boarding
Wadland John, draper, grocer and
y)ostmastor
AVatkins Thou I.I.-, lunn !■, Arscott
Watkins Thomah, jun. iarmer, Grcnds-
wortliy
Yelland Samuel, farmei-, Middlecroft
CAituiEii — Arthur Petherick, to P///-
moiith, Tliurs,
ATIIElllNGTON is a pleasant village and parish on an eminence, 7 miles S.S.E. from Barnstaple,
8 miles W. by S, of South jNLolton, and E.N.E, of Torrington. Its parish is in Ijarnstaple union, arch-
deaconry, rural deanery, and county court district, Braunton petty sessional divi.sion, Northern division of the
county, and North TaWton hundred. It had o78 inhabitants (285 males, 29'i females) in 1873, living in 110
houses, on 3320 acres of land, and includes tlie hamlets of Lcmc/ridye and Eastacomhe. The Rev. A. C.
Bassett is lord of the manor of IJmberleigh, which extends over this and High Bickington parish, and had an
ancient chantry chapel, which was pulled down in 1800. Buriate is an estate belonging to Gonville and
Cains College, Cambridge ; and Woottmi belongs to the representatives of the Melhuish family. The manor
of Umberleigh was formerly held by the Beaumonts, whose heiress (Jane Beaumont) carried it in marriage
to Sir John Bassett, ancestor of the present owner, llisdon says that Athelstanc had a palace at Umber-
leigh, and that he founded a church at Atherington, which he endowed with two hides of land. The
Church (St. Mary), a fine old structure, consisting of nave, chancel, north aisle, and tower containing seven
very good bells, was improved in 1870 by lamps being added, and the church re-decorated at the cost of .£'oO.
Many of the seats in the nave have handsome carved ends. On the south side of the chancel are two
windows filled with stained glass — one in memory of members of the rector's family, and the other of Amy
Chichester, who died in 1803; and two others on the north side are also enriched with stained glass. On a
tombstone in the chancel are brasses in memory of Sir John Basset (who lived in the reign of Henr}'- VII,)
and his two wives and twelve children ; in this part of the church are also two recumbent effigies (male and
female). There is a very fine oak screen which was brought from Umberleigh chapel. The rectory, valued
in K.B. at £20 '2s. Ic?., has a manor attached, and is in the patronage and incumbency of the Bev. James
xVrthur, B.A., who has 205a. 3r. 21p. of glebe and a good residence, erected in 1837, at the cost of £1000.
The tithes are commuted at £410 a year. In the village is a small chapel belonging to the Baptists. The
Chuech ScnooL, erected in 1864, to hold 60 children, at a cost of £300, is attended by 30 pupils ; a house
for the teacher was built in 1876 at an outlay of £150. The British School, in connection with the
Baptist Chapel, is attended by about 60 children. The poor have £2 10^. yearly as the interest of Lady
Chichester's charity.
Post Ofpice at Mr. Thomas Loosemore's. Letters are despatched at 3.45 p.m., via Barnstaple, which is
the nearest Monev Order Office.
Andrew John, farmer, Umberleigh
Barton
Arthur George, farmer, Eastacombe
Arthur Rev James, B.A. rector, The
Rectorj-
Bedford Richard, fanner, Wootton
Beer John, bootmaker
Beer John, carpeuter
Beer William, carpenter
Bowden Wm. fruit dealer, Chantry
Brown Mr Edwd. Umberleigh House
Brown Mrs Jane, shopkeeper
Brownscombe John, vict., Ci^rpenters'
Inn, and assistant overseer
Burgess Wm. vict., Rising Sun, and
farmer, Umberleigh
Champion Walter, iarmer, Little Wore
Clarke William, blacksmitli
Delbridge John, farmer, Buriate
Delbridgc Wm. farmer, Fishley Rock
Down John, farmer, Little halt
Down John, farmer, Overv/ore
Bown Thomas, farmer, Langridge
Down William, farmer. Partridge
Downing Richd. Baptist shcoolmaster
Guard By. corn miller, Umberleigh
(.ios.'< Philip, farmer, Higher house
Harris John, farmer, Bremridge
Jones Richd. farmer. Little Knowles
Joslin Willia.m, farmer, Langridge
Lake William, bootmaker and shop-
keeper, Langridge ford
Lemon Mr John, Rose cottage
Lemon William, farmer, Wixland
Loosemore Thomas, blacksmith and
postmaster
Mayne Frederick, bootmaker
Reed William, farmer
Russell Mr Robert, Eastacombe
Scoyne John Milton, victualler, White
Hart, and bootmaker
Slee Richard, bootmaker
Smyth John, Church schoolmaster
Tucker Mrs Grace, frmr. Gt. Knowl
Warren Thomas, farmer
Webber Joseph, carpenter
White Samuel, farmer, Langridge
Whitehead Rev Geo., B.A., curate
Woanacott William, shopkeeper
CAuraER -'Bi\did,\.QBarnstai)le, Eridi
i
AVETON GIFFOIIB parish, which includes the small hamlets of AsJiford, Lixton, JFaterhead, and
Ilarraton, in Kingsbridge union, and county court district, Ermington and Plympton petty sessional division,
Kingsbridge polling district of South Devon, Ermington hundred, Totnes archdeaconry, and Woodleigh rural
deanery. It had 839 inhabitants (425 males, 414 females) in 1871, living in 191 houses, on 3182 acres, in-
cluding 130 acres of water. The village is pleasantly situated in the picturesque valley of the river Avon,
3^ miles N.W. of Kingsbridge, and S.E. of Modbury. The river, which is crossed by a good bridge, is navi-,
gable for barges, and has a salmon fishery. The manor was anciently held by the Gilfords or Giffards,
and afterwards passed to the Bynkam, Prous, Mules, Bamarell, and Berry families. It now belongs to
Baldwin John P. Bastard, Esq., wdio holds a court-leet here every two 3^ears ; but there is a small
manor called Heathiield, belonging to the trustees of P. Hyne, Esq. The principal owners of the soil are
John Alfred Pearce, Esq., William Eroude, Esq., Archdeacon Woollcombe, Admiral George Parker, Messrs.
llobert and James Parsons, Thomas Elliott, James Adams, and Samuel Wroth. A market and two fairs were
granted to the lord of the manor in 1289, but they have been obsolete some centuries. The Church (St.
Andrew), one of the finest and oldest churches in South Devon, is a large cruciform structure in the early
English Pointed style, and has a fine peal of eight bells. The church was restored in 1868-9 at a cost o*f .
I>evoiisIiii*e.
il5
£2441 Ss. Id., of which £500 was borrowed on rate, £500 derived from legacy left by Miss Fronde, and the
residue from subscription. The east window is filled with beautiful stained glass, executed by Clayton and
Bell, in memory of the late rector. An organ was erected in 1875 at the cost ot £435, the parishioners sub-
scribing £50, the remainder being given by the late rector and friends and John Alfred Pearce,
Esq. The living is a rectory, valued in K.B. at £38 Is. 8cZ., in the patronage and incumbency of the llev.
W. D. Pitman, M.A., who has 97 acres of glebe and a good house, erected in 1849 by the late rector. The
tithes are commuted at £667. The Baptists, Wesleyans, and Bible Christians have small chapels here.
Here is a Reading Room, supplied with daily newspapers, periodicals, and having a library of 600 volumes ;
there are about 40 members. The National School was built in 1857, at a cost of £800, raised by sub-
scription and government grant : it has an average attendance of 172. There are 2 acres of land and several
tenements and rent-charges given by Peter Bateman and others in the reign of Elizabeth, for the repairs of
the church, and now producing £17 17s. Od. The poor have 3s. 4d. yearly, left by Mary Modlin. Mrs. Lucy
Wilcox, in 1875, left £500 for the benefit of the poor of this parish, not being inmates of the Union Work-
house, the interest to be distributed in provisions by the churchwardens and overseers yearly on Christmas
eve. The money is invested in the Three per cent Annuities. A tablet recording this charity has been
erected in the church. The poor of this parish also received for a great number of years iOs. a year from
Horscombe estate, in the parish of Marlborough.
Post Office at Mr. Thomas G. Holman's. Letters are received at 8 15 a.m. from Kingsbridge, and at
4.45 p.m. viji Ivybridge ; and despatched at 8.10 a.m. via Ivybridge; for Kingsbridge and all partt^ at 4.45 p.m. on
weekdays ; and at 8.30 a.m. to Ringmore ; Bigbury and Kingston at 8.30 a.m. On Sundays letters are re-
ceived at 8.15 a.m., and despatched at 12 noon, via Kingsbridge, which is the nearest Money Order Office.
Kingsbridge Road is the nearest Railway Station.
Adams Jas. farmer, Higher Stadbury
Anthony Richard, farmer, Lixton and
Wakeliam ; h Lixton
Baker Jno. mllr. & frmr. Ashfordmill
Beer Elias, butcher
Best Trevosso Carbis, farmer, South
Efford
Brown John, farmer, Hellyers
Burner William, coal dealer
Chubb Edward, tailor
Cowles William, farmer, Grrove park
Crocker John Lavers, farmer, Titwell
CrockerRichd. farmr, Coltons Borough,
and (h) Chance Combe, Kingston
Damarell Henry, blacksmith
Darey Robert, baker
Drew John, farmer, agent for Hunt's
manures, & tax collector, Chilliton
Edgcombe Greorge, mason
Elliott Thos. Lakeman, frmr. Babland
Ellis John, miller, Marsh mills
Farley Henry, vict. Commercial Inn
Friend Charles, farmer. Heath
Fronde Miss Emma, shopkeeper
Garland Edward, farmer, Stockadon
and Lower Wizaller ; h Stockadon
Garland Mr Richard Lewis, Fishleigh
Hannaford John, mason
Harding Geo. frmr. Higher Wizaller
Harris i3ros. wheelwrights
Harris Frederick (Bros.)
Harris George (Bros.)
Harris William, timber dealer
Hodder John, farmer, Harraton
Holman Thomas Gill, draper, grocer,
and postmaster
Horn William, shopkeeper
Hosking William, shoemaker
Kerswell Wm. farmer. North Efford
Lakeman Samuel, carpenter
Luckraft Joseph, builder, timber
dealer, and farmer
Luscombe John, baker
Moore Thomas, pork butcher & carrier
Moore William, farmer, Waterhead
Morgan John Hingston, draper
Morgan Peter, blacksmith
Pearce James, farmer, Court Barton
Pearce Mr John Alfred, Chantry
Pengelly Thomas, letter carrier
Phillips Thomas, shoemaker
Pitman Rev William Daniel, M.A.,
rector, The Rectory
Prowse Mr George, AValnut cottage
Rogers Christopher, mason
Rogers John, mason
Rogers William, farmer, Idston
Roll Wm, vict. Harraton Inn, Harraton
Ruth Benjamin, mason and sexton
Sandovor John (R, J. & J.)
Sandover Richd. John (R. J. & J.)
Sandover R. J. & J., wheelwrights and
smiths, Chilliton
Saunders Roger, thatcher
Saunderson P. H. and Mrs E. J.
National school teachers
Sibley Isaac, shopkeeper
Steer Fredk. vict. King's Arms Hotel
Steer John, mason
Steer William Henry, farrier
Steere Thos. frmr. J^dwards Borough
Tarring James, farmer, Ashford
Terry Mrs Annie, dressmaker
Tolcher John, baker & horse clipper
Toms Joseph, baker, grocer, & parish
clerk
Toms William, tailor
Tuckerman Jno. vict. Bridge Inn
AValk Mrs Ann
Widdicombe Samuel, miller & farmer,
Town mill
W^iddi combe William, shoemaker
Willcocks George, jun., farmer
Willcocks John, wheelwright & tim-
ber dealer
Wills George, farmer, Lov/er Stadbury
Winzer Edwin, butcher
Wood William, fcirmer, Chilliton
Wroth Saml. farmer. Ley; and Stover
Lake, Kingston ; h Ley
Wroth Samuel, farmer, Heathfield
Yabsley Josias, fai'mer, Ashford
Yabsley Richard, farmer, Binnick
Carrieb — Thomas Moore, to PIt/-
mouth, Saturday
Conveyance. — All conveyances from
Kingshriclgs to Modlmry and Fly-
moioih pass through. Mail cart
daily to Ivyhridge
AWLISCOMBE, AzvIesco7nhe, or Oivrs Combe, is a parish and village, 2 miles W. by N. of Ilouiton
Kailway Station, 9 miles S.E. from Cullompton Railway Station, and 16 miles N.E. from Exeter; its parish,
which includes the hamlets of Weston and Wolverston, is in Tloniton union, county court district, petty
sessional division, Payhembury polling district of North Devon, Exeter archdeaconry, Dunkeswell runil deanery,
and Hemyock hundred. It liad 581 inhabitants (270 males, 311 females) in 1871, living in 133 houses, on
2569 acres of land, whicli rises in bold hills on the north. The parish is said to be called OiuPs Combe, from
the number of owls which breed here and are heard by night. A handsome bridge over the Otter, connecting
this and Iloniton parishes, was built in 1817. x\wliscorabe iiad a grant for a market and fair in 1291, but
both have long been obsolete. An estate of about 207 acres, called the manor of Awliseombe, was given, in
1491, by Thomas Calwodeley, Esq., to the Corporation of Exeter for the relief of poor citizens. The rest of
the soil belongs to Colonel Drewe, Mrs. Notley, George Neumann, Esq., F. Pearse, Esq., Lady G. Sawley,
Mrs. Elliott, the Pring family, and a few smaller freeholders. Mr. Neumann occupies Tracey House.
The CnuKCH (St. Michael) is in the Perpendicular style, and was restored in 1837 at a cost of £500.
It consists of chancel, nave, porch with fine groined stone roof, and tower containing five bells and a ciocl:.
The clock was presented to the parish by G. Neumann, Esq., and in 1877 the bells were rehung at an outlay
H 2
J](3
>VAvli«<:ioiiil>c,
of £80. The church contains a very beinitifiil stone screen, three windows enriched with stained glass, and an
organ, built in 18(50, at an outlay of £120. The liegister dates from l/ioO. The living is a vicarage, valued
in K.P). at £'12 10s. JOd., in the patronage of the Duke of Bedford, and incumbency of the llev. F. T, B.
AVillesford, B.A., who lias a small but neat thatched house, and 40 acres of glebe. The vicarial tithes have been
commuted for £220, and the rectorial for i'lTO. The latter are invested in trust for the augmentation of
small livings and education, and out of them a payment of £10 is made yearly to the schools of Awliscombe
suul Broadhembury. The National School, which Avill accommodate 00 children, was erected in 1875.
through the exertions of the vicar, at a cost of £550, on a site given by Mrs. Notley, of Combe Sydenham.
The poor have £10 a year from Pring's charity for distribution in linen, as noticed with East Budleigh. Agri-
cultural It^bourers who have brought up their families Avithout parish aid, have, in common with those of
Budleigh Salterton, the rent of a field in Iloniton parish, called Shipley Close, distributed among them on
Easter Sunday. At Ilembury Fort are the remains of a lloman fortification.
Post Oitice at Mr. Aaron Webber's. Letters are received at 7 a.m. and despatched at 5.30 p.m. via,
Iloniton, which is the nearest Money Order Office,
I'Jailoy John, -wheelwright
Bishop Emanuel, yeoman, Westondon
Bolt Ellis, farmer, IRmthaycs
Carnell Goo. farmer, Godford Barton
Channon John, farmer, Cotters Ilayne
Clapp .Tolm, miller, LoAver mills
Colo William, farmer, Godfordland
Darc^ EdAvin, miller, Godford mills
Dyer Albin, carpenter
Dyer William, carpenter
Harris James, farm bailiff to W.
Porter, Esq. HidgeAvay
Hughes Major-Gen ei'al William Tem-
pler, C.B. Egland
Jarman Frederick, Voluntary school
master and parish clerk
Jarman Mrs Martha, National school-
mistress
Mugford .John, farmer. Losses
Mullens John, farmer, Wad hay
Neumann George, Esq. J. P., Tracey
Pady .John, farmer, Kents park
Pearcey Tom, farmer, Waring Stone
manor
Pring Francis, farmer. Birds
Pring Francis, farmer, Heathfield
Pring James, farmer, Culverhayes
Pring Thomas, frmr. ToAvn Tenement
Pabjohn William, shopkeeper
Padford Thomas, mason
Richards Emanuel, blacksmith
Hosier James, farmer, Bennetshayes
Posier Mrs Sarah Pring, farme:
Pomhayes
Rounsevoll John, dairyman
Sanders W^illiam, farmer, Hayne
Sansom Robert, farmer, Ibedon
Saw'le DoAA^'iger Lady Graves, Ashfie]
Sparkcs Mrs Mary,farmer,Colleyhay
Staple Robert, blacksmith, Weston
Starke Richard, A'ict. Iloniton Inn
Studley William, farmer, Alter
Toogood Ileni'y, farmer Bishop's Ilayne
Webber Aaron, thatcher and postmstr
Willesford Rev Francis Thomas Bed-
ford, B.A. vicar, Ivedon Penn
Wilmington Francis, farmer, Marls
AXMINSTER is a parish and small market toAvn, upon a pleasant acclivity on the south-eastern side of
the river Axe, near the borders of Dorsetshire, 5 miles N.W. of Ijvme Regis, miles 1*1 by S. of Honiton,
25 miles E. by N. of Exeter, and 147 miles W.S.W. of London. The ancient parisii includes the tithings of
Abhei/, BeerhaU, Shapunck, Smallridge, Axminster Town. Trill, Uphmj, West Water, Weycroft, and Wyke, or
Week. It gives name to a poor law union, a county court district, a hundred, a petty sessional division, a
polling district of East Eevon, and is in Exeter archdeaconry and Dunkeswell rural deanery. Axminster has
a station on the London and South Western Ilailway. The ancient parish comprises the Axminster civil
parish in this county, and Bcerhall tithing in Dorsetshire; the former had 2852 inhabitants (1.394 males and
1458 females) in 1871, liA^ing in 535 houses, on 6617 acres of land ; and the latter at the same time had
inhabitants (4 males and 5 females), living in 2 houses, on 441 acres of land. Beerliall Avas annexed to Dorset
in 1844 (see page 17). In recent times the tithings Avere kept distinct for highAvay purposes only, but this
has been rendered unnecessary by the adoption of the Highway Act (see page 29). Axminster ancient
parish had 2154 inhabitants in 1801 ; 2387 in 1811 ; 2742 in 1821 ; 2719 in 1831 ; 2860 in 1841 ; 2769 in
1851; 2918 in 1861, and 2861 in 1871. The parish is generally fertile, and is watered by the river Axe,
Avhich abounds in salmon and other fish, and falls into the sea about six miles south of the town. The
manor Avas in dispute for many years prior to 1871, and was administered under the Court of Chancery, but
in that year the suits were Avound up, and Henry Knight, Esq., of Cloaldiam House, Axminster, became the
sole proprietor of what were called the Axminster manor and estate. Smallridge estate was held in the
reign of William the Conqueror by Ralph de l\:)meroy, and afterwards passed to the Mohun, Raleigh.
Mallock, and Campion families, the latter of whom sold it to several tenants. Wycroft, or Weycroft, long
held by the W^igot, Gobodisleigh, and Dennis families, is now held by EdA\'ard Liddon, Esq., of Taunton ;
and Lodge, a neighbouring portion of the ancient demesne to John Liddon, Esq., of London. Humphrey,
Duke of Gloucester, and others, as trustees of the family of Sir Thomas Brooke, had license in 1426 to
castellate Wycroft House, and enclose a park of 800 acres. It was sold, in 1611, to Thomas Bennett, Esq.,
sheriff of London, Avho destroyed the park, and suffered the house to fail to ruins, of Avhich there are still a
few remains. The estate AA^as afterwards sold to various freeholders. Messrs. Sparkes, Sir G. Baker, Lady
Tallock, and many others have estates liere.
Axminster bad formerly a share of the clothing trade, and in 175j the late Mr. Thomas Whitty
established here a manufactory of carpets, which was discontinued in 1835, after having for many years a
high celebrity for the beauty and elegance of its productions: its founder received, in 1750, a premium of £30
from the Society of Arts, for having made the largest and handsomest Turkey carpet that had ever been
manufactured in this couutry, being 26|- feet by 17^ feet. Another carpet made liere for the Grand Sultan,
cost more than £1000. The machinery Avas removed to Wilton, and part of the factory has since been con-
verted into a dwelling house, and pare into the County Court House and offices. At the foot of Castle Hill
is a flax factory, which was formerly used as a cloth factory. Markets for provisions are held on Tuesdays,
Tliursdays, and Saturdays, and the great market on every alternate Thursday for cattle, sheep, and horses;
fairs for cattle are held on the Tuesday after April 25, on Tuesday after June 24, and on the Wednes'
after October 10. In the cartulary of Newenham Abbey are transcripts of two charters of King John, c
M
Devoiisliii'c.
117
lirming the Sunday market, and granting that Axminster should be a free borough, and have a fair for eio-ht
King Atlielstan gave Axminster church to seven priests, who were to pray for the souls of seven knio-hts
;ii^id many Saxon soldiers, who were slain near the town in a great battle with the Danes. This battle is
supposed to be that of Brunenburg. In October, 1644, Sir Eichard Cholmondely was stationed here with a party
of the King's horse, and received his death wound in a battle with the Parliamentarians, fought near the town.
The manor of Axminster was part of the royal demesne until King John gave it to Lord Briwer or Brewer.
Sir lieginald de Mohun, in 1246, gave it to Newham, or Newenham Abbey, which he and his brother
founded in this parish for monks of the Cistercian order. A ffirni house, about a mile from the town,
occupies part of ttie site of this once splendid and richly endowed abbey ; but all that now remains of the
monastic buildings are a few mouldering walls. At the dissolution the yearly revenue of the abbey was
£227 7fi. 8d., and the site and the manor were granted to t^e Duke of Norfolk, by whose family they were
sold to Lord Petre, in the 17th century.
Petty Sessions for Axminster division (see page 27) are held here every fortnight, and the magistral es
usually sitting here are J. T. Still, W. T. Hallett, J. R. F. G. Talbot, J. A. Knight, and 11, M. Davy, Esqrs.
W. Forward, Esq., is their clerk.
AxMixsTER lliGHWAY BoARD. — Herbert Williams, Esq., is treasurer; W. Forward, Esq., clerk ; and
Mr. J. (x. Pinney, surveyor.
The County Court is held at the Court House, Axminster, periodically, for a district comprising (in
Devon) Axminster, Axmouth, Colyton, Combpyne, Dalwood, Kilmiugton, Membur}^, Musbury, Koosdown,
Seaton-cum-Beer, Shute, Stocklaud, and Uplyme ; (in Dorset) Catherstone Lewestou, Charmouth, Chard-
stock, llawkchurch, Lyme Eegis, Thorncombe, and Wootton Fitzpaine. Serjeant Petersdorff is judge; W.
Forward, Esq., registrar ; and J. S. Hellier, high bailiff. The district is within Exeter Banla-uptcy
Jurisdiction.
Axminster Union is partly in Dorset, and had 20,0o9 inhabitants (9538 males and 10,521 females) in
1871, living in 4120 houses, on 61,159 acres of land and water : the parishes whose areas include water are
shown in the subjoined table. When the census was taken there were 212 uninhabited houses and 14
building. The total average yearly expenditure of the parishes for the support of their poor during the
three years preceding the formation of the union was £10,218; and during the three years ending 1840,
£9058. For the year ended Lady-day 1870, it was £13,223. The average weekly cost per head of indoor
paupers for food during the year ended Michaelmas 1877, was 2s. 10-hd., and for clothing Qd. The Work-
house at Axminster was built in 1836, at the cost of £7000, but it has been altered and enlarged at the
expense of £2500. There were 139 paupers (80 males and 59 females) in April 1871. The Board of Guardians
consists of thirty elected members. W. Forward, Esq., is union clerk ; the Rev. Jno. AVm. Hanson, chaplain ;
T. Pickering, master, and Mrs. M. J. Hutchings, matron of the workhouse; Miss M. A. Ilockett, nurse ;
Messrs. S. Griffin, and W. K. Halse, relieving officers. The medical officers are Messrs. Charles Hallett,
George Evans, F. A. O'Meara, B. Hodges, H. E. Norris, and R. G. Wollaston. Wm. Forward, Esq., is superin-
tendent registrar, and Mr. John Overmass is his deputy; the registrars are E. Thornton, W. T. Lock,
B. Hodges, and G. Evans.
The following enumeration of the parishes, &c. in the union, shows their territorial extent, their popu-
lation and inhabited houses, in 1871, and their present rateable value : — •
Parishes, &c.
Axminster —
Axminster .
IBeerhall(Z)orsei;).
Axmouth
Colyton .
Chardstock {Dorset)
Charmouth (Dorset)
Combpyne
Dalwood
Hawkcliurch
set) .
Kilmington
Membury
{Dor-
Acres
Inhab.
Popu-
Rateable
Houses
lation
Value
£
6617
441
535
2
2852
9
1 15782
J 1
4723W
134
702
4799
7196
510
2479
11123
5800
278
1507
7620
518w
136
644
2540
796
30
121
768
1709
107
482
2622
4130
151
666
4720
1760
105
568
3418
4089
157
733
5094
Parishes, &c.
4 Musbury
1 Lyme Regis (-Dors^/^)
Eoosdown
Seaton —
Seaton
Beer .
Shute .
Stockland
Thorncombe
Uplyme .
Total
Acres
Inhab.
Popu-
Rateable
Houses
lation
Value
£
2178
113
536
3908
1499w
556
2603
9702
200w
3
16
276
2821W
ri94
\269
1013
1142
\ 7827
2738
140
747
6061
5849
224
1080
6982
4896
261
1198
7273
3199W
61 159 w
215
961
5012
4120
20059
£105527
Notes and References.-
-Marked 1 are in Lyme sub-registration district ; 2, Axminster
The areas of those marked (w) include water.
3, Chardstock ; 4, Colyton.
The CHUEcn (St. Mary) is a large and venerable structure, displaying several kinds of architecture,
th a massive tower rising from the centre. Leland says, this church, once dignified with the name of
inster,' was famous for the sepultures of many noble Saxons and Danes, slain at Branesdown and Colecroft.
bme parts of the edifice have the appearance of great antiquity, particularly a Saxon doorway, that has
been removed from the south side to the eastern end of the south aisle. The oast window is enriched witli
litained glass. The advowson of the vicarage, the appropriation of the rectory, to which is attached the
manor of Prestaller, were given by Edward I. as part of the endowment of the Prebendaries of Warthill and
^mot
1 1 8 -A-xiiiinstei",
Grindal, in York Cathedral, as they still remain. The church was repaired in 1871, and contains three
sedilia and a piscina. In the chancel are two recumbent effigies, one supposed to represent Gervase de
Prestaller, first vicar of Axminster in the 12th century, and the other Alice, wife of Reginald de Mohun,
Earl of Somerset, lord of Axminster manor in the l.'ith century. The living is a vicarage, with the chapelries
of Kilmington and Membury annexed, valued in K.l). at £44 Gs. Sd., in the alternate patronage of the two
Prebendaries, and in the incumbency of the Rev. William Bulmer Bailey. The living is now under seques-
tration, the curate in charge being the Rev. John William Hanson. The tithes of Axminster are commuted —
the rectorial of Axminster at £070 JOs., ofKilmington for£100, and of Membury for £204 lO*., making a total
of £'1035 Os. ; the vicarial tithes of Axminster are commuted at £008 13.-?. M. (out of which All Saints' in
Chardstock in Dorset has an endowment of £30 2s. Or/.), Kilmington for £240, and Membury £330, making
a total of £1184 135. 4d. The representatives of the Very Rev. W. D. Conybeare, late Dean of Llandalf,
are lessees of the latter. The vicarage house is a^modern building.
The Independent Chapel was built in 1828, in lieu of the old Presbyterian meeting house, founded in
1698. The Wesleyan Chapel was built in 1790, and the Roman Catholic Chapel (St. Mary) was
erected in 1830 and rebuilt in 1802. The cost of the erection of the latter, including residence for the
priest, was about £3000, chiefly contributed by the Knight family. Three windows are filled with stained
glass, and the chapel contains a fine-toned organ,
The Cemetehy, on the Chard Road, is about half a mile from the churchyard, and comprises 1| acre
of land, nearly an acre of which is consecrated. The cost of the formation of the cemetery was about £1100.
William Forward, Esq. is clerk to the Board.
The School Boaed was formed in March 1874, and the present Board consists of Capt. E. C. Forward
(chairman), Mr. William Pulman (vice), and Messrs. C. H. Ewens, C. II. Parrett, and Reuben Swain.
William Forward, Esq. is clerk. A School for boys, girls, and infants was built in 1870 at a cost of about
£3000, to accommodate 425 children. The South Axminster National School was built in 1875, and
opened in January 1870, the cost of its erection being defrayed b^ subscription, aided by a grant from the
National Society. Accommodation is provided for 70 mixed scholars, who are under Government inspection.
A Sunday School is held here in the afternoon, except on the second Sunday in the month when divine
service is held. The Roman Catholics have a day school here.
Axminster was the birthplace of John Prince, author of ' The Worthies,' who was born in 1043 at the
farm-house occupying a part of the site of Newenham Abbey, and now called ' Prince's Abbey.' He was
educated at Brazenose College, Oxford, and his first curacy was that of Bideford. He was afterwards elected
minister of St. Martin's Church, Exeter; about 1075 he became vicar of Totnes; and in 1081 vicar of
Berry Pomeroy, where he remained until his death in 1723. Dean Buckland, a noted geologist in his day,
was born here in 1784.
Puhnan's Weeldy News and Advertiser newspaper was established in 1857, and is issued on Tuesdays at
Axminster and Crewkerne. The *Book of the Axe,' by G. P. R. Pulman, contains a history of all the
parishes and noteworthy objects along the banks of the river that meanders through this charming valley.
AxminstePv Parish Charities. — Some of these are vested in feoffees for the use of the poor, by deeds
dated the 19th James I., and February 10, 1079, and comprise by modern admeasurement 19a. 1r. 1p., of
which 2a. Or. 8p. have lately been sold to Mr. Spottiswoode, under the sanction of the Charity Commis-
sioners; the purchase money being invested in £514 lis. Sd. Consols. The remainder of these lands is now
let for £34 per annum. There are further under the feoffee management two principal sums invested in the
purchase of £489 and £240 Stock, realised, it is believed, from the sale of some of the feoffee charity property,
situated at Honiton and at Axminster, and producing dividends of £21 17s. Ad. per annum ; a building in
Chard Street, Axminster, let for £5 a year ; and two tenements, also in Chard Street, occupied by poor per-
sons, from whom no rent is obtained ; the realised income of all which is now distributed to the poor in
clothing, about Christmas annually, by the feoffees, now ten in number. The house, formerly used as the
parish workhouse, was given by Walter Younge in 1012. The churchwardens administer the other charities,
namel}', a yearly rent-charge of £5 out of Ilamclose, left by John Younge in 1012, distributed in shirts and shifts
among poor old men and women. For a similar distribution annually among 20 poor parishioners, Leonard
Peream left £100 in 1711. Of this legacy £00 was laid out in the purchase of \^ acre, called the Brickfield,
or Stagmoor, and now let for £10 a year. The remaining £40, with £5 left by Ann Scriven, is secured
at interest on the tolls of the Bridport Turnpike, and 4,9. of the interest is laid out in bread, and distributed
to 8 widows annually on St. Luke's Day, the remainder in clothing for general distribution. The poor have
also the interest of £100 left by John EUard in 1815, and a rent-charge of 20s. a year, left by Thomas Whitty^
in 1713. Ann Palmer's Charity, which was a rent-charge of £5 a year, out of 12a. of land at W^eek, has nol
been realised for some years, nor has 20s. a ye^ir given by John Sampson in 1018 out of lands in MemburyJ
called Bathcote. Till the formation of the Board Schools in 1874, and the erection of the extensive elementary '
school buildings, the free school for 12 poor boys and girls of Axminster, and 2 of Kilmington, which w£
endowed with al30ut 7^- acres of land (then estimated Oa.) at Kilmington, (purchased in 1740 with £1(
given by Penelope Safhn and other donors), and with 2 acres given by the parishioners of Kilmington, hi
been closed, and, under the direction of the Charity Commissioners, the income of the charity is now appliec
as follows : — the rent of 2 acres in payment of school fees of deserving poor children of Kilmington at an]
public elementary scbool there ; £15, being the present rent of the residue of the real estate of the charitj
containing about 7a. 2r. 30p. in the payment of the school fees of like children of Axminster at any publi<
elementary school there ; and the surplus rent, if any, of the last-mentioned property, towards the support
the Church of England Sunday School at Axminster.
Post, Money Order, and Telegraph, and Government Annuity and Insurance Oepice, and Savings
Bank at Mrs. Mary E. Tapscott's, Victoria place. Letters from London are delivered at 7 a.m. and 2.6 p.m.i
I>evon«li.ire.
119
and despatched to London and the North at 10.55 j to London, 2.30; London and all parts, 6.25 p.m. ;
to Exeter at 2.-30 p.m., and Lyme Regis and Bridport at 12.55 a.m. and 10 p.m. Sunday delivery at 7 a.m.
"^[oney orders are granted and paid from 9.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m., and on Saturdays also from 7 to 8 p.m.
Tflegrapli business from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. week days and Sundays from 8 to 10 a.m. There is a Wall Lettee
i'.ox in Lyme road, cleared at G p.m. weekdays only.
Railway (L. & S. W.) Stevens, stationmaster.
pletou Thomas, M.D. West Louse
xlcoek Henry, baker and confectioner, Trinity square
leer William, seedsman and nurseryman, Soutli street
iiiuird Rear- Admiral Fredk. Lamport, R.N., lnir'<:ebrook
rues George, M.D. surgeon. Castle Hill house
irtley Mr Edgar, Prospect house
r stone Charles, wheelwright, Abbey gate
i'.itstone Robert, boot and shoe maker, .Silver street
r.r.ivis Miss Alice, laundress, Mnsbury road
i'l'avis Mrs Jane, laundress, Musbui-y road
liter William, shopkeeper, Castle hill
I'.crry Edwin, blacksmith. Abbey gate
Ucrry Mrs AVilliam, Court house
r.ishop Mrs Emma Louisa, shopkeeper, Routh street
r.oalch Henry, beerhouse. Trinity buildings, Castle sireet
I'.oml Mrs Sarah, Trinity house
lloiid Ca.pt. William Henry, Trinity house
YUrni James, woolstapler, miller and farmer, Town mills,
& Uplyme & Axminster factories ; h Cedar hs. Musbury rd
r.Dwdige Mr John, Western road
Ih'udford James, farmer, The Mount
liradford & Sons, corn, coal, salt, timber and slate mer-
chants and agents for West of England Sack Hiring Co.
Railway station (Saml. G. Loveless, agent) ; and Yeovil
Bridle George, cooper and shopkeeper, Chai'd street
Bucknole John Smith, cabinet makei-, upholsterer, and
agent for Liverpool & London & Globe Ins. Co. West st
CaistorMr William Yates, Furzeley house
Catford William Henry Baker, master, Board school
Cawdey George, shoemaker, South street
Cawley Thomas Kibby, victualler. New Commercial Inn,
and posting house, and goods agent for L. & S.W. Rly.
Co. Trinity square
Cemetery, Chard road
Chappie Edwin, bank manager and agent for Alliance &
West of England Ins. Cos. The Shrubbery
Clark Aaron, farmer, Churchill
€larke George, carpenter, Purzebrook
Clarke Miss Mary Ann, Castle hill
Clarke Walter, farmer, Park
Coglan Miss Julia, Roman Catholic schoolmistress, Lymerd
Cooke Mr Thomas Owen Preston, Loup house
Coombs Mrs Joan, plumber and glazier, Chard street
Copp John, manager. Gas Works, Castle street
Cossins Francis, farmer. New park
Cotterell Miss Jane, dairy proprietor, Shools
Couch Mrs Ann, Chard street
Couch Miss Jxiliet, Jessamine cottage
County Court; Mr. Serjeant Peter.-sdorfF. judge; William
Forward, registrar; John Samuel Hellier, high bailiff
Cox William Robert & John Francis, day and boarding
school, Oak House school
Crabb Charles, cooper. South street
Daniels James, whitesmith, Castle hill
Davidson Misses Anna & Mary Elizabeth, Secktor house
Davidson James Bridge, barrister, becktor house ; & London
Deane Mr Joseph, Lyme street
Devon and Exeter Savings' Bank, Lyme street ; William
Pulman, manager
Dorsetshire Dank (R. R. & H. Williams, Thornton &
Sykes), (open from 10 till 3 daily and Thursdays 10 till
4) (draw on Williams, Deacon & Co.) ; Edwin Chappie,
manager
Down Charles, beer retailer, Smallridge
Edwards Mr Thomas Baylis, Lyme street
Emmens Miss Mary Annie, yict. "Western Hotel, West bt
England Mr Robert, Adrian house I
j Enticott Mrs Ann, marine store dealer, North street
i Enticott Benjamin, marine store dealer, Castle hill
! Enticott John, shopkeeper, Lyme road
Ewens Charles Henry, butter and cheese factor, Lyme rd
Ewens Mr George Davey, Furzebrook
Forward Captain Edward Charles, The Coombes
Forw^ard William, solicitor, registrar of county court,
clerk to magistrates, guardians, highway board, burial
board, and school board, commissioner for taking affi-
davits in all courts and acknowledgements of married
women, and superintendent registrar of births, deaths,
and marriages ; h The Elms, Lyme road
Fowler Mrs Eliza, saddler, harness maker and milliner,
Victoria place ^
Foxwell Mark, farmer, Easthay Beerhall
Frampton Richard, farmer,, Prestaller
Frost Alfred, victualler, Lamb, Lyme road
Fry George, jobbing gardener, Lyme street
Gage Benjamin, auctioneer and A'aluer, Trinity square,
and farmei% Sisterhood farm
Gapper James, wheelwright, Secktor
Gapper William, wheelwright & coach builder, South st
Gas Works, Castle hill; John Copp, manager
Gerrish John, bank manager and agent for London Assu-
rance Corporation, Victoria place
Gibbs Misses Ellen and Sarah, teachers. Board school
Gill William James, confectioner and agent for Uff-
cxilme Ales, Chard street
Gillingham Robert, coach and house painter. Chard street
G-oddard George, tailor, South street
Gosling Charles, manager of goods department, Lonion
and South Western station, South street
Gribble Abraham, farmer, Wyke
Grilhn John, timber dealer, Willhayes lane
Grifhn Samuel, relieving officer and vaccination officer for
Northern district. South street
Gunn Frederick John, chemist and druggist. Chard street
Hackett James, chimney sweeper, Castle street
Hallett Chas. surgeon & surgeon to union. Poplar mount
HansonRev John William, curate in charge, The Vicarage
I Harris Gaius, baker, Churchill
i Harris Thomas, farmer, Frogwell
I Harvey Edward, farmer. Castle hill
j Hayes James, shoemaker, South street
I Hayman Mrs Eliz. milliner & mantle maker. Trinity sq
j Hayman George, leather cutter and bootmaker. Trinity sq
I Hayman Geerge Wm. tailor and outfitter, Trinity square
I Hayman William, grocer and draper. Trinity square
j Head T. H. lime and cement merchant, Chard street
Heal George, victualler. Green Dragon, Castle hill, and
engineer. Castle hill works
Heal John, English & foreign timber dealer, Castle hill
Hellier John Samuel, high bailiff of county court, assistant
to clerk of land and income tax commissioners, and
registrar of marriages, West street
Henley John, shoemaker. South street
Henley Robert, statuary, Lyme road
Hoare John, farmer, Wyke
Hockey Mrs Amt, milliner, Musbury road
Holt David, victualler. Trout Inn, Millbrook
Hooper AVilliam, farmer, Old Park farm
Hutchings Mrs Mary Jane, matron, Workhouse
Hntchings Thomas, fancy repository. Trinity squar3
Inland Eevcnue Office, George Hotel, Victoria place ;
Alfred William Stroud, officer
Jeans Charles, greengrocer and fruiterer, Lvme street
Keech Mr. William, Chard street
120
^x:itiiii{!> tei*.
Kloer Mrs Ellen, mistress, South Axminster school
Knight Mr Henry, Cloakham house and Terrace lodge
Knight James Alexander, Esq., J.P. The Lawn
Knight Miss Julia Frances, Loretta cottage
Literary cf Musical Society, Board school, Paradise
Loring Charles, carpenter, Trinity buildings, Castle street
Loud John Aplin, butcher, Victoria place
Loud Saml. Hencher, cheese mer. & shopkpr. Castle hill
Love James, refreshment house keeper & mason, West st
Loveless Samuel George, coal agent, and agent for Railway
Passengers' Accident Insurance Co. Chard street
Loveridge Isaac Drayton, furnishing ironmonger, plumber
and tinplate worker, Lyme street
Loveridge Jas. vict. Eed Lion, & ass. overseer, Lyme st
Loveridge Jas. Gill, farmer & sanitary in speetorjWyke farm
Loveridge Mrs Jane, shopkeeper and draper, South street
Loveridge John Stamp, farmer. Balls & Slymlake's farms
McNaught Jno. Wm. & Alex, travelling drapers, Market pi
Mallock Mrs John, South street
Manfield James, farmer, Undercleave
Market Hall, William Phillips, collector
Marley Edwin, blacksmith, Smallridge
Marley George, carpenter, Smallridge
Masters Philip Daniel Frank, jeweller and watchmaker,
Lyme street
Membury John, farmer, Brick kiln
Morgan Albert, painter & paperhanger, Lyme street
Morgan John James, parish clerk & apartments, West st
Morgan Thomas, cabinet maker. Silver street
Morrish Henry, miller, Wey croft mills
Moulding Mrs Margaret, laundress, Musbury road
Moulding William, shopkeeper, Musbury road
Neale Christopher, wheelwright, Millbrook
Newberry James Moore, photographer, South street
Newberry Mrs Susan, dressmaker, South street
Newbery Abraham Skinner, dairyman, South street
Newbery George Henry, baker, Lyme street
New bery Miss Mary, shopkeeper, Chard street
Newbery William, artist. South street
Newbery William, beerhouse, Axminster Inn, and builder,
Silver street
Nicholls Elias, hairdresser and perfumer, Trinity square
Overmass J. & Son, tailors & woollen drapers. Trinity sq
Overmass John, jun., deputy registrar of births, deaths and
marriages, Lyme road
Overmass Walter (J. & Son), and agent for the Ocean,
Railway and General Accident Ass. Co. Trinity square
Parrett Charles Henry, linen and woollen draper, clothier
and milliner, Victoria house, Victoria place
Parsons Mrs Ann, hiundress, Castle hill
Parsons Mrs Ann, dressmaker, Lyme street
Parsons John, coach builder, Chard st; & h Kilmington
Parsons William B. builder, Willhayes
Patterson John, butcher. Castle hill
Patterson Robert, farmer and cattle dealer, Willhay
Paul Robert, painter, glazier & paperhanger. Chard street
Penny Charles Balfour, silk mercer, draper and under-
taker, Chard street
Perkins Rev Ephraim Henry (Independent), Chard street
Pcrryman Francis, builder. South street
Phillips James Aplin, baker, South street
Phillips William, collector. Market hall
Phillips William, farmer, Bagley hill
Phippen Mr James, West street
Phippen Thomas, boot and shoe maker, Castle hill
Pickering Mrs Mary, Lyme road
Pickering Thomas, master union workhouse and agent
for Church of England Ass. Co. Musbury road
Pidgeon James, shoeing and jobbing smith, Musbury road
Pidgeon John, farmer. Hakes, Musbury road
Pike John, sergeant, Police station
File George, saddler and harness makei*, Lyme street
Pinney John George (J. G. & Son), and agent for Alliance
and Plateglass Ins, Cos. Mount house, Lyme road
Pinney J. G. & Son, architects, surveyors and land agents
South street
Plummer Mrs Ann, victualler, White Hart, Lyme street
Plummer James, cabinet maker, Lyme street
Police Station ; John Pike, sergeant
Poole Misses Mary & Agnes, The Coombes
Potter Henry, dairyman. Lodge farm
Pryer Wm. pharmaceutical chemist, bookseller, stationer,
depot for Christian Knowledge Society and agent foi-
Imperial and London Guarantee and Accident Ins. Cos.
West street
Pulman William, printer, stationer, stamp distributor,
Weekly News office and agent for Devon and Extter
Savings' Bank, Lyme street
Reece Mrs Mary & Misses, ladies' boarding school, Heyop
house. Silver street
Rendle John, farmer, Uphay
Restorick George, cattle dealer and greengrocer. West
Retter William, farmer, Smallridge
Roberts William, farmer, Westwator
Roberts William, farmer, Jack-leigh house
Robins William, leather cutter, Lyme street
Rockett Thos. porter, & Mrs Mai-y Ann, nurse, AA^orkhoi
Rundle Richard, provision dealer, Lyme street
Ryall John, victualler, George family & commercial hotel
and posting house, and agent for the London & Soutli-
Western Railway Co. (passengers and parcels)
Ryall Robert Butt, baker. Market place
Salter John, farmer. Great Trill
Sellwood Mr Thomas, Bellevue
Seward William, farmer, Woodhouse
Shore Mrs Emma, Millbrook cottage
Silk Frank, boot and shoe maker. Castle street
Slyfield AVilliam, stationer and tea dealer, Victoria
place
Smith John Edward, commercial traveller, Lyme street
Smyth James, grocer and butter factor and agent for Sun
Ins. Co. Lyme street
South Axminster School, Woodbury lane; Mrs Ellen Kloer,
mistress
Spiller John, farmer, Chubbs
Spottiswoode George Andrew, -printer, London ; h Chattan
Stamp Office, Lyme street ; William Pulman, distributor
Stephens Miss Sarah, milliner & dressmaker. West street
Stevens — -, L. and S.W. station master, Railway station
Stone George, cabinet maker, iipholsterer, appraiser, house
agent and agent for Atlas Ass. Co. Trinity square
Stroud Alfred William, Inland Revenue officer, West street
Sutton John, victualler, Old Bell family and commercial
hotel and posting house, Trinity square
Swain George & Thornhill, farmers, Wellands ^
Swain Henry & Tom, farmers, Higher Abbey farm |H
Swain Reuben, farmer, Yetlands ^
Swain Reuben & James, farmers, Lower Abbey farm
Symes Mr James Finmore, Castle hill
Tapscott Mrs Mary Elizabeth, berlin wool and fancy
repository and postmistress, Victoria place
Taylor Charles, glass and china dealer. South street
Toohey Rev John (Roman Catholic), Lyme road
Trott Walter, builder. South street
Tucker Edwin, farmer. Higher Bever
Tucker George, farmer, Westwater
Tucker William, dairyman, Woodbury lane
TuUoch Lady Emma, Old park
Turner James, wine and spirit merchant. Castle hill
Tytherleigh William Charles, furnishing ironmonger ai
grocer, Victoria place
Union WorMouse ; Thomas Pickering and Mrs M.
Hutchings, master and matron
Vivian William Joseph, veterinary surgeon, Lynch villa
Wakely Misses Elizabeth & Charlotte, Rose Mount
Wakley John, victualler. Black Lion, Castle hill
Wareham William, farmer. Old Barn
Warry Mrs Sarah, laundress, Musbury road
I>evoiisliii»c.
121
AVebber Mrs Catherine, ladies' boarding school, Buckland
house. South street
Webber Thomas Nichols, professor of music, Buckland
bouse, South street
Welch Samuel, mason, Silver street
Western Mrs Maria, shopkeeper, Musbury road
White Henry, grocer, earthenware dealer and agent for
Gilbey's wines, Victoria place
W^hite John, farmer, Cathayes
White William, draper. Chard street; h Exeter
Willey Mrs Ann, shopkeeper, South street
Williams E. R. & H. Thornton and Sykes (see Dorset-
shire Bank)
Willis John, blacksmith and clothes dealer, Lyme street
Willmott George, clock & watch maker, and glass and
china dealer, Victoria place
Willmott Miss M. A, & Co. drapers, Victoria place
Willmott Miss Mary Ann (Miss M. A.& Co.) ; h Victoria pi
Willmott Miss Mary Bowdige (Miss M, A. & Co.) ; h
Victoria place
Wilts and Dorset BanJc (open from 10 till 3 daily, on
Thursday 10 till 4). (draw on London and Westminster
Bank) ; John Gerrish, manager
Wootton Mrs Rebecca, laundress, Musbury road
Worthy Mrs Mary, South street
Wrey Captain Charles, R.N. Hilary house
Zealley Andrew, farmer, Beerhall
AXMOUTH is a parish and a pleasant villanre, on the English Chanuel, at the mouth of the river Axe,
.3 miles S. by E. of Colyton, and G miles W. by S. of Lyme Kegis, and S.S.W. of Axminster. Its parish is
in Axminster miion, county court district, petty sessional division, polling district and hundred, Exeter arch-
deaconry, and Dunkeswell rural deanery. It had 702 inhabitants (360 males, 842 females) in 1871, living in
134 houses, on 4723 acres, including 100 acres of water. The parish is bounded on the sea coast by lofty
and rugged clifFs, which are crowned by chalky crags, in some places assuming the appearance of shattered
turrets, pinnacles, &c. ; and in others overtopped by luxuriant plantations. The manor of Axmouth was
given by the Earl of Devon, in the reign of Henry 11. to Montebourg Abbey, in Normandy ; but Llenry V.
gave it to Sion Abbey. Edward VI. granted it to Walter Erie, Esq. In 1079, it was sold to Sir Walter
Yonge, who sold it in 1G91 to Richard Hallett. William Trelawny Hallett, Esq., is now lord of the manor,
and owner of a great part of the parish, and of the mansion called Stedcombb House, but E. L. Ames, Esq.
has an estate here. There is a pleasure fair on Shrove Tuesday in each year.
The range of cliffs extending from Axmouth to Lyme llegis is noted for several remarkable Landslips.
By one of these convulsions, which commenced on Christmas-day, 1839, 45 acres of arable land were lost to
cultivation at Bindon and Dowsland ; tv>^o cottages situated in the lower region of the cliff were destroyed ;
and a great chasm was formed, more than 300 feet broad, 150 feet deep, and three-quarters of a mile long.
Two of the coast-guard, standing on Culverhole beach, on the night when this great landslip occurred,
' observed the sea to be in an extraordinary state of agitation ; the beach on which they stood rose and fell ;
amidst the breakers near the shore something dark appeared to be rising from the bottom of the sea, amidst
the deafening noise of crashing rocks.' On Eebruary 3, 1840 there was another landslip at Whitlands, much
smaller than the former. By taking a central position on the imderclift" between Pinhay and Whitlands, and
looking inland, the visitor sees the precipitous yet wooded summit of the mainland, and the castellated crags
of the ivy-clad rocks on the terraces immediately below, and the deep dingle at the bottom ; and by turning
towards the sea, he beholds the whole range of the great bay of Dorset and Devon, skirted by coast scenery
of the finest character.
In the early part of the 17th centurj^, large sums were expended by tlie Erie family in an unsuccessful
attempt to construct a new haven at Axminster. During the present century, piers have been constructed at
the mouth of the Axe, where vessels of 100 tons burden can now discharge their cargoes in safety.
The CHUEcn (St. Michael) is an ancient structure, consisting of short chancel, aisle, nave, porch (now
used as a vestry), and western tower containing three bells. There is a tine Anglo-Norman doorwa}', and the
chief alterations made to the original late Norman structure are a rebuilt chancel and the Perpendicular west
window. In the interior are several monuments of the Erles and the Halletts, and in a recess on the north
side is an antique recumbent figure of a man with a dog at his feet. The living is a vicarage, valued in K.B.
at £22 19s. 2t7., in the patronage of W. T. Hallett, Esq., the impropriator of most of the great tithes- these
were commuted in 1846 for £309, and the vicarial for £175. The Rev, Samuel Clement JDavis, M.A. is the
incumbent. The vicarage house was built in 1815-6, The Independent Chapel was built in 1861.
National ScnooLS, with teachers' residence, for the parishes of Combe Pyne, Rousdon, and part of this
parish, have been recently erected by Sir Henry Peeke, who principally supports them, and provides the
children with a substantial hot dinner daily. In 1726 William Searle left a yearly rent-charge of 32s. for
schooling poor children of Axmouth.
Post Office at Mr, Timothy Beer's, Letters vifi Axminster are received at 9.30 a.m. and despatched
at 4.5 p.m. Seaton is the nearest Money Order Office. Seaton and Colyton, on the London and South
Western Railway, are the nearest Railway Stations.
Ames Mr Edward Levi, Clevelands
Bagwell John, tailor
Bartlett Wm. carpenter & vict.ShipInn
Beer Mrs Mary Ann, vict.Harbour Inn
Beer Tim. boot & shoe mkr. & postmtr
Bole Robert, blacksmith
Bond Francis, blksmith. & gen. smith
Buck Miss Louisa, Nat, schoolmistress
Burgess Wm. National schoolmaster
Butt Mr William, Borough house
Chappell Miss Alice, Bindon
Chappell Mr James, Bindon
Chappell Thos. Dare, yeoman, Bindon
Coles Joseph, farmer
Coles William, farmer, Glebe
Crichard James, wheelwright
Dampier William, butcher
Davis Rev. Samuel Clement, M.A,
vicar. The Vicarage
Froom William, farmer, Bosshill
Gage Miss Mary, National infant
schoolmistress
Game Thomas, farmer
Gratton George, farmer, Charlton
Lwn^',
J.P.
Hallett Colonel Clement Trelai
Haven cliife
Hallett William Trelawny, Esq.
Stedcombe house
Harris Robert, farmer, Whitlands
Jefford John, boot and shoe maker
and parish clerk
Kibbey John, farmer, Crabhayne
Knight Mr James, Southcott villa
Leigh Misses, Brook house
Love Bryan, farmer, Hawksdown
Lumbbard William, farmer, Bnllmoor
Mr I.
122
]\liiiiri) il('iii'\', fanu hailitl'
Ames
Norimui William, farmer, Haven farm
Pudy Jiobcrt Baker, limo mtu'chant
Quick iMattliOA^-, jxroccr
Vu-n\ .laiiu's, liou; ana slnu- maker
A-xmoiitli,
l\oal John, Ijoot and .shoo maker
Kual John, jun. grocer
Kcst rick Jjcvy, shopkeeper
Ilichards Joim, farmer, Stodcombe
farm
Kichards Simtjii, farmer, Coombe
8ehvay William, farmer, Higher
Erooklands
SI cm an John, farmer, Dowlands
Smith John, farmer, Low. Brooklain
Spiller Charles, fanner, Jlay
Templeiiiaii li'i/lu rt, farmer, Coombe
AYIjESBEAUE is a jiailsli and small l)ut picturosqiK! villago, pk a.'-antly .situated on the western
declivity of the bold rang<^ i>i' hills between the vales of the Exo and the Otter, 8 miles east of Exeter.
Tlie parish, which includes the tything oi Newton Vopplcford (noticed at a su])sequent page), i,s in 8t. Thomas
union, E.xeler county court district, Ottery petty sessional division, Ottery St. Mary polling district of East
Devon, J'Lxetev arcluleiieonry. Aylesbeare rural deanery, and East ]^»udleigh hundred. It had KM30 inhabitants
(503 males, .■)S7 reiuales) in 1S71, living in 231 houses, on 2048 acres of land; of these C7G persons (300
males, 270 feniales) living in 147 houses, are in Newton Poppleford tithing. Tlie parish contains 541 acres of
common land and unenclosed, known as Aylesbeare hill, and dividing the western from the eastern portion of
the parish. All freeholders of Aylesbeare and their tenants Inive a customary and long-established right of
cutting turf and furze, as well as of pasturage for their cattle, on this common. The manor of Aylesbeare
was long held by the Courtenays as part of the barony of Oakhampton. After the attainder of Sir Francis
Englefield, one moiety was granted to the Earl of Essex, who sold it to the tenants. The other moiety was
sold to an ancestor of the late Lord llolle, and is now vested in the trustees of thellolle estate, who own
the greater part of the parish. The vicar of Aylesbeare has a portion of a small manor, ' Woods,' now Glebe
farm. MiNcni:^ Couht, adjoining the vicarage, is an ancient edifice, Avith some interesting remains, notably
the arms of Yarty and of Hurst, carved on the exterior of an old chimney. ""Minchin Court, with its estate
of about 70 acres, formerly belonged to the prioress and convent of St. Catharine at Polslo. It is now, with
freehold land adjoining, "the property of the Rev. William H. Carwithen. John Elliott, Esq., W. C.
Walker, Esq., Edward Johnson, Esq., with a few others, have also freehold estates here.
The parish (mother) church (Blessed Virgin Mary) is an ancient structure with an embattled tower and
three bells, surrounded by a turret at the north-eastern angle, overtopping the fine old lime trees in the
churchyard. There is a handsome lich-gate at the eastern entrance, erected in 1873. The living is a dis-
charged vicarage, valued in K.B. at £1(3 2s. 4d.. and in 1831 at £155. The Rev. W. H, Carwithen, M.A., is
the patron, and the present vicar, and has a good thatched residence with 60 acres of glebe. The tithes were
commuted in 1841 for £143 los. 2d. to the vicar, £81 7s. 3d. to the rector of Huxhani, and £74 17s. 7d. to
Rev. H. W. Marker. The School Boaed for the united district of Aylesbeare, Harpford, and Venn Ottery
was formed on 14th June, 1875, and consists of (vacant) (chairman), R. H. Lipscomb, Esq. (vice), tlie
Rev. W. H. Carwithen (hon. clerk), and Messrs. Thomas Yelverton. Jonathan Taylor, and Abraham Smith.
The principal Board school of the district is here. In 1606 Richard White, by his will, left QOs. a year out
of Porch House (now the Cannon Inn) ' for the schooling of six poor children, to learn to read English, in
trust to the churchwardens of Aylesbeare and to their successors for ever.'
Post Oefice at Miss Mary Tilke's, Newton Poppleford. Letters are received at 8,20 a.m., and despatched
at 4.50 p.m. via Ottery St. Mary, which is the nearest Money Order Office, There is a Wall Lettek Box
at Aylesbeare cleared at 4.35 p.m. week days only. Broadclyst is the nearest Money Order Office and Rail-
way Station. This Directoey includes Newton Poppleford. ^
Ashford Charles, blacksmith, Newton Poppleford
Ashford James, grocer, Newton Poppleford
Bastine Samuel, boot and shoe maker, Newton Poppleford
Bastyan Thos. grocer and provision dlr. Newton Poppleford
Batstone Clement, farmer, Beaiitiporte
Bayley James, factory manager, Newton Poppleford
Beer Mrs Henrietta, farmer, Upton Barton, Newton
Poppleford
Berry Ellis, thatclier, Newton Poppleford
Bolt John, farmer and road contractor. Browns
Broom Edward, Ijlacksmith, Newton Poppleford
Carwithen Rev. William H. M.A. vicar, The Vicarage
Clarke George, dairyman. Homer
Clarke Mrs Jane, farmer, Rill
Cly.st William, farmer, Huntisbeare
Coles Henry, fiirmer. Halls and Eveleighs
Cooper John, mason, Newton Poppleford
Ebdon Samuel, baker, Newton Poppleford
Eveleigh George, carpenter and wheelwright
Eveleigh Richard, farmer
Payter John, boot and shoe maker, Newton Poppleford
Giliard Robert, farmer and victualler. Halfway Hotel
Ilallett William, baker and grocer, Newton Poppleford
Ham Arthur, grocer and baker, Newton Poppleford
Ham John, mason, Newton Poppleford
Knowles Mrs Piiscilla, grocer, Newton Poppleford
Newbery Giles, farmer and landowner, Manor farm
Newton Walter, baker and victualler, Blue Anchor
Ocock John, beer retailer, Newton Poppleford
Parsons James, victualler, Exeter Inn, Newton PoppleforP
Parsons William, Board school master, Newton Poppleford
Peek George, i'armer
Phillips John, farmer. Glebe farm
Pile William, boot and shoo maker
Plimsoll James, butcher
Plimsoll Thomas, farmer and butcher. Lower Withen
Podbury Thomas, cabinet maker, Newton Poppleford
Pomeroy John, f;irmer, Topshayes
Pratt William, dairyman
Pring Francis, blacksmith
Pring Richard, farmer
Pring William, farmer, Parsons, Newton Poppleford
Pyle James, carpenter and wheelwright
Quaintanc9 William^ sexton
j Quick Samuel, farmer, Minchen court
j Retter David, farmer, Perkins
I Eickard James, Board school master
j Roberts Charles, butcher. New-ton Poppleford
I Roberts James, china dler. & shopkpr. Newton Poppleford "
Roberts William, grocer, New^ton Poppleford
Roberts William, Inttcher, Newton Poppleford
Sage William, tinplato worker, Newton Poppleford
Salter Charles, farmer, Mount Rogers
Sellek Echvard, farmer, Lansford, Newton Poppleford
Small George, butcher, Newton Poppleford
Small John, victualler. Cannon, Newton Poppleford
Smeath Joseph, farmer, Aylesbeare Barton
Smith Mr Abraham, Rosamondford
Devoiisliire. 123
Tremlett Mrs Mary
Webber Robert, dairyman
Wheaton Jonathan, carpenter, XeAvton Poppleford
Wood William, thrown, silk manufacturer, Victoria Silk
mills, Newton Poppleford ; h Lorver Clapham, London
Carriers to Exeter — John Mitchell passes through Ncav-
ton Poppleford Monday, AYednesday, and Saturday,
returning same days ; and Jolin White passes through
Wednesday and Friday, returning same days.
Si)urway Oliver, baker and grocer, Newton Poppleford
Squire John, tailor, Newton Poppleford
Stile James, farmer, Nutwalls
Street Robert, boot and shoe maker, Newton Poppleford
Taylor George, boot and shoe maker
Taylor Jonathan, farmer, Seniors, Newton Poppleford
Taylor Jonathan, draper and grocer, Newton Poppleford
Tilke Miss Mary, postmistress, Newton Poppleford
Tozer John, shopkeeper and tailor
BABBACOMBE. (See St. Marychurch.)
BAMPTON, a parish and small market town, chiefly built of stone, is situated in the deep valley of
the small river Batherm, about a mile above its confluence witli the Exe, 7 miles N. of Tiverton, and
miles S.W. of Wivelscombe. It gives name to a hundred, and is in Tiverton union and county court
district, Cullompton petty sessional division, Bampton polling district of North Devon, Exeter archdeaconry,
and Tiverton West ruraf deanery. The parish extends 4 miles N. of the town, to the bold hills on the
borders of Somerset, and nearly two-thirds of it arc in pasturage. It contained 1928 inhabitants (990
males, 988 females) in 1871, living in 423 houses, on 778o acres of land. (See also ^ Vital Statistics,'
page 82). The parish is divided into the Eastern, Western, Petton, and Town Quarters, and comprises the
hamlets of Petton and Shillingford, and several extensive limestone quarries. Bampton is supposed to
have been the Beamdune of the ancient historians, where the Britons were defeated by Cyneg-ilous, King of
the West Saxons, in (314, when the former are said to have lost 204(3 men. The town is irregularly built,
and has a chalybeate spring. Its weekly markets on Wednesday and Saturday are of trivial consequence ;
but it lias two great markets for sheep and cattle, on the Wednesday before Lady-day, and the last
Wednesday in November; and also two fairs on AVhit-Tuesday, and the last Thursday in October. The
latter is a great horse fair, and one of the largest _ sheep fairs in the West of England, as many as
14,000 being often brought to it. The sheep bred in this neighbourhood are remarkable for their size,
and great numbers of tliem are sold at Bampton fairs. The woollen trade was formerly carried on here,
but it began to decline in 1772, and was given up many years ago. The honour or barony of Bampton, or
Bathermton, was given by William the (Conqueror to Walter Douay, and afterwards passed to the Paganell
and Cogan families. In 1330, Richard Cogan had a license from the Crown to castellate his mansion here,
and to enclose his wood of Uti'culme and 300 acres of land for a park. A mound near the town denotes the
site of the Castle, but all traces of the building disappeared some centuries ago. Captain W. Leir, who
has a mansion at Combhead, is lord of the manor ; and at the court leet, a portreeve, bailifi", &c., are
appointed ; but the parish is all freehold and belongs to many proprietors, the largest of whom is C. A. W.
Troyte, Esq., of Huntsham Court; but S. Lucas, Esq.. trustees of the late C. E. Rowliffe, Esq., and M.
Bere, W. Rowlifl'e, T. C. Daniel, B. Loosemore, and J. Collins, Esqrs., Sir Henry Ferguson Davie, Bart.,
Captain W. Lear, W. N. Row, J. Trude, J. Badcock, J. Harris, and the Hon. M. Rolle have estates here.
The Chuech (St. Michael) is a large ancient structure, with a tower and six bells. The interior has a
finely ornamented arched coiling, and a carved oak screen. The churcli was repaired in 1872 at a cost of
£300, given principally by Mr. Philips. Among its monuments is one to John Tristram, who died at
Duvale in 1722. It had three small endowed chantries, and was appropriated to Buckland Abbey. The
vicarage, valued in K.B. at £21 II*-. Sd., and now at £150, is in the patronage of J. Chichester Nagle, Esq.,
the impropriator of the great tithes which were commuted in 1843. The Rev. Edward Rendell, B.A., is
the incumbent, and has 3a. 2r. 17p. of glebe. Pettoi^" Chapel, about 4 miles N.E. of the town, is a small
chapel of ease, which was rebuilt in 1847 ; but that at Shillingford has been dilapidated many years. In
the town is a neat Baptist Chapel, in the lancet-Gothic style, and also a Biele Christian Chapel.
The School BoaFvD was formed on March 31, 1875, and now consists of Mr. Richard Densham (chairman),
Mr. Francis Davys (vice), the Revs. Edward Rendell, B.A., and Edward Scott, and Mr. John T. Periam.
Mr. Thomas Rowe Densham is clerk. In 1870 the parochial Infant School, built by subscription in 1858,
was transferred to the Board, who are now erecting a new school, at Shillingford, to accommodate sixty
scholars, at a cost, including furniture and building a teachers' residence, of £1000 ; and a Fp.ee School wa's
founded in 1821 by Mrs. Elizabeth Penton, who endowed it with £2200 Five per cent. Stock, for the educa-
tion of 100 children. It was further endowed by Mrs. Susanna Webbe witli £1000 like Stock. The poor
parishioners have 26s. a year, distributed in bread weekly, left by Sir John Acland in 1619, and paid by
Exeter Corporation. Out of a farm at Bishop's Hull, the poor have £4, and the cburchwardens IQs. 3^early,
left by Robert Mogridge, in 1645. The poor have also the following yearly sums, viz. : — 36s. left by John
Tristram, in 1628, out of Little Pilemore ; and £2 As. left by Elizabeth Lucas, in 1808, out of an estate now
now belonging to S. Lucas, Esq. Bampton Bridge was rebuilt, in 1827, at the cost of £654. John de
Bampton, a Carmelite friar, who first read lectures in Cambridge on the works of Aristotle, was a native of
this parish, and died in 1391.
Post and Moxey OpvDEr Office, Satixgs Bank, Government Anntjity and Insurance Office,
at Mrs. Harriet Catford's, Fore Street. Letters are received at 6 a.m. and 3 p.m., and despatched at 7.25
p.m. via Tiverton. Morebath is the nearest railway station.
Bowden Alfred, farmer, Gumbland
Bowden Mr Francis, Brook street
Anstey John Dufty, miller, Shillingford mills
Attwater Alexander Henly, surgeon. Mill head
Beamer Lewis, victualler, Castle Inn, Castle street
Besley Samuel, relieving officer and registrar of births and
deaths, Brook street
Bowden Thomas, vict. White Horse Tap, Fore street
Bray John Wright, victualler,Tiverton Hotel, Britain street
Bray William, tailor, Castle street
124
Saitiptoii,
Eryan Mrs Ann, grocer, Brook street
33ryant John, draper and tailor, Erook street
Bryant John, tailor, Brook street
Burge Mr John Kopor, Britain street
Burrow William, miller. Town mills
Cann Kobcrt, cooper. Brook street
Capron John, collector of rates, Shillingford
Catford JMrs Harriet, postmistress. Fore street
Chard Mr Thomas Digglo, Barnhay cottage
Chilcott John, baker, Luke street
Collins John, Esq. J.P., Wonham house
Cook George, miller. Tucking mills
Cottrell Alfred, common carrier. Brook street
Cottrell Janios, farmer. Ganders
Cottrell William, victnaller. Angel Inn and carrier, Fore st
Crudge John, grocer and ironmonger. Brook street
Crudge Mr William, Southmolton road
Crudge William, builder, Brook street
Dart Ei chard Henry, grocer and draper. Castle street
Davey Charles (D. & Hooper) ; h Silver street
Davey & Hooper, agricultural implement makers, iSilver st
Davey John, mason, Brook street
Davey Thomas, farmer, Quartly
Davey William, miller. Ford mill
Densham Mr Richard, solicitor, Luke street
Densham Thomas Row, solicitor & clerk to the Tiverton
Highways District Board to Local Board and Bampton
School Board, and agent for West of England Insurance
Company, Luke street
Down Robert, veterinary surgeon and agent for Royal
Insurance Company, Fore street
Elsworthy Mrs Ann, Daddiscombe
Elsworthy James, blacksmith, Shillingford
Endicott Joseph, grocer and draper. Fore street
F]scott James, blacksmith. Brook street
F^scott James, bootmaker, Brook street
F]scott Walter, bootmaker, Brook street
Escott William, confectioner. Brook street
F^arrant Mrs Maria, South view cottage
Finch Henry, butcher, Brook street
Gale Walter, carpenter, Brook street
Gare William, grocer and druggist, Newton square
Gibbings Mrs Eliza, butcher and lessee of market tolls,
Newton square
Gillard Wm. Bird, victualler, Foxford Hotel
Goddard Edward William, farmer, Dipford Down
Gooding Edward, farmer. Grants
Greenslade William, wheelwright, Petton
Greenslade Robert, grocer, Shillingford
Hawkins George, carpenter and farmer, Daleys
Henson James & Francis, farmers, Dowhill farm
Hill Mr Charles, Prospect cottage
Hill Charles, thatcher. High street
Hill Martin, victualler, Exeter Inn, Bampton road
Hill William, farmer, Hayne
Hobbs Ellas, watchmaker, Fore street
Hobbs Mrs Jane, fancy repository. Fore street
Hookway John, mason, Brook street
Holcombe Nicholas, farmer, Sparkhayne
Hooper Francis, agricultural implement maker (Davey &
H.) ; h Silver street
Inland Bevenue Office, Fore street
Irish William, farmer, Wonham Barton
Kemp Frank, farmer, Cudmoor
Kemp John, farmer, Waterhouse
Kerslake James, bootmaker. Brook street
Langdon Henry, chemist, grocer, and agent for Briton
Medical Life Insurance Company, Fore street
Lazarus William, carrier. Brook street
Legg Daniel, farmer, Duval Barton
Levi Captain William, J.P.
Local Board, Luke street ; Thomas R. Densham, clerk
Lock Miss Eliza, Churchyard
Lock Samuel, farmer, Bowbcirhill
I
-'jjgl
Luxton Thomas Greenslade, builder, Petton
Mantle Thomas, farmer, Rhyll
May Miss Mary, milliner and dressmaker. Brook street
MellhuiHh James, tailor, Shillingford
Miles Thomas, beerhouse. Brook street
Millman Abraham, victualler, Red Lion, Back street
Moody H. L. outfitter. Brook street
Moore Mark, bootmaker. Fore street
]\Iurch John, farmer. Zeal
Nason PklM'ard, surgeon. Castle street
Needs Thomas, baker, Newton square
Needs William, baker, W>stgate street
Nott Henry, ironmonger. Brook street
Oxenham Henry, carpenter and joiner, Westgatc street.
Palfrey Thomas, farmer, Holcombe
Paul John, carpenter, Shillingford
Pearse Henry, farmer, Birchdown
Pearse Richard, painter. High street
Periam John Trowey, brewer, wine and spirit merchant,"
stamp distributor, and agent for Stuckey's Banki
Company, Britain street
Phillips John, builder. Silver street
Phillips Mr John Gooding, Home cottage
Police Station, Britain street ; — Chappie, sergeant
Rendell Rev Edward, B.A. vicar. The Vicarage
Restarick William, draper and grocer. Brook street
Rockett John, farmer, Pipshayne
Row Mrs & Miss Farrant, ladies' boarding and day school,
Brook street
Row Thomas, solicitor. Brook street
Salisbury Edward, farmer, Vennmans
Salter Edwin, farmer, Ben shays
Sampson John Robert, baker, Westage street
Scott Rev Edward (Baptist), Fore street
Serle Samuel, beerhouse keeper & wheelwright, Newton sq
Short Jacob, Mill head
Short John, saddler and harness maker. Fore street
Sloman John, farmer, Brimridge
Slocombe George, farmer. North Hriyne
Snell Henry John, boarding and day school, and agent for
the Sun Insurance Company, Rose house
Staddon Richard Lewis, cabinet maker and parish clerk,
F'ore street
Staddon Robert, auctioneer, and agent for the Royal
Farmers' Insurance Company, Fore street
Stam]} Office ; John T. Periam, distributor
Stokes George, victualler. White Horse Hotel
Stuckey's Banking Co. Britain street ; J. T. Periam, agci
Surridge Wilham, Mill head
Sweet Thomas, sen. farmer, Luttrell ^^h
Sweet Thomas, jun. farmer, Langs w^H
Thorn William, carpenter and joiner. High street ^i
Townsend Frederick, national schoolmaster. High street
Toze John, jun. harness maker. Brook street
Trapnell Richard, farmer. Barton
Trickey Mrs Hannah, victualler, Swan Inn, Luke street ^
Trickey Robert, tailor, Westgate street
Trude John, farmer, Westbrook
Turner Mr Robert, Churchyard
Vicary Richard & James, butchers, Castle street ^
W^arren James, dairyman. Lower Rhyll
Watkins Rev William, B.A. curate, South view house
Webber James, grocer. Brook street
Webber William, builder and ironmonger. Brook street
Wensley Mrs Jane, day school. Brook street
Whitfield William, bootmaker. Castle street
Williams James, tailor, Luke street
Winsborow William, farmer. Blights
Winter Robert, farmer, Coldharbour
Wood Sidney Smith, Back street
Young Miss Sarah, Infant Board school mistress. Fore st
Cakrieks — Alfred Cottrell to Morehath for Bampioa Slu-
tion daily. William Cottrell to Tiverton, Tues. and Sat, ;
AVilliam Lnzarus, to Tiverton Tues. and Exeter Fri.
rent
II>evoiiHliire. 125
BARNSTAPLE, the principal port, market town, and borough in North Devon, gives name to a parish,
a large poor law union, a county court and polling district, an archdeaconry and a deanery, is in Braun-
ton hundred, and the borough has a commission of the peace, and a separate court of qunrter sessions.
Barnstaple, which is a very ancient borough, is distant 40 miles N.W. of Exeter, 9 miles N.E. of Bideford,
11 miles W.N.W. of South Molton, and' 192 miles W. by S. of London. Barnstaple parish had 3748
inhabitants in 1801 ; 4019 in 1811 ; 5079 in 1821 ; 6840 in 1831 ; 7902 in 1841 ; 8GG7 in 18ol ; 8127 in 1801 ;
and 8918 (4041 males and 4877 females) in 1871, living in 1717 houses, on 1102 acres of land. Barnstaple
municipal borough, which comprises Barnstaple parish and parts of those of Bishop'.;^ Tawton and Pilton,
had 11059 persons (5211 males and 0448 females) at the last census, living in 2318 houses; there .were then
02 houses uninliabited and 18 building. The boundaries of the parliamentary borough werer extended by
31 & 32 Vict. c. 46, so as to include a further part of Pilton parish ; this part had in 1871 154 inhabi-
tants (83 males and 71 females), living in 31 houses, thus making the population of the parliamentary
borough 11,813, and the number of its inhabited houses 2349. The return for the parish includes 247
a handsome bridge. Below the bridge the stream expands into a broad tidal estuary, abounding in salmon
and other fish, and flowing seven miles westward, where it empties itself into the Torridge estuary. The
North Devon Railway from Exeter to Barnstaple, opened in 1854, is now extended to Bideford and Torring-
ton ; and in 1874 the line to Ilfracombe was completed. The Railway Station is on the Tawstock side of
the river, which is here crossed by an iron bridge of seventeen arches ; and on the Barnstaple side of the river
is the Quay Station. The Taunton and Barnstaple Branch of the Great Western Railway was opened in
1873, and has a station in Victoria Road. The town has been much improved and enlarged during the last
twenty years, and extends about a mile in length, including its suburbs of Pilton and Newport. Many new"
buildings have been erected on all sides of the town, and several new streets and roads made.
Barnstaple (or Barum) was called in British Abertmve, and has been suggested as the Celtic town Artavia.
3Sritish pottery, as well as flint arrow heads, knives and celts have been found in the neighbourhood ; the latter
have led some to think that there was a manufactory of Celtic weapons here. Only a few Roman antiquities
have been found. Barnstaple Castle was the supposed work of the Danes, but nothing remains of it save
the artificial mound on which it stood. Tradition tells us that Athelstane repaired the castle and the fortifi-
cations of the town after he had driven the allied Danes and Britons beyond the Tamar. It is said that ho
granted the town a charter, and bestowed upon the inhabitants * divers liberties, freedoms and immunities.'
The town has even claimed to have sent representatives to the Witena-gemote, but there is good reason to
believe that no representatives wliatever were admitted into that assembly. Athelstane also founded Pilton
Priory, as noticed at a subsequent page. At the Norman Conquest, Barnstaple was divided into the three
manors of the Castle Manor, or the ancient town within the walls; the Fee of Magdalene, or Priory of St.
Mary Magdalene ; and the manor of llog's Fee. The two former, if not the latter, exercised separate juris-
dictions down to the beginninir of the 17th century. William I. granted the former manor to Judael de
Totness, who repaired the town walls and strengthened the castle. At Domesday Survey there w^ere forty
burgesses within the borough, and nine without, and the inhabitants were exempted from serving on any
expedition, or paying taxes, except at the same time as Exeter and Totnes. The Barony and Castle of Barn-
staple was escheated at the banishment of Judael de Totness in the reign of William II., and was kept as a
royal demesne until Stephen granted it to Henry de Tracy. It passed through various hands until Quee}i
Mary gave it to Thomas Marrow, whose son sold it to Sir John Chichester, Knight. The latter, in 1560,
conveyed the manor, with the exception of the site of the castle, to the Corpoi:ation, who still hold it. The
condition on which the Corporation held the manor was to give two fish dinners yearly to Sir John Chichester
or his representatives, but these were compounded at the beginning of the present century for £1 paid yearly
to the local charities. One of the former holders, James Lord Audleigh, greatly distinguished himself at tlu;
battle of Poictiers (1356), and was rewarded by Edward III. with gifts of land. The Corporation also owns
the manor of Hog's Fee. Barnstaple Priory, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, was founded b}'- Judael de
Totness, the first Norman lord, and made dependent on St. Martin's-in-the-Field, near Paris, but was made-
denizen in the 15th century, and so continued until the Dissolution, when it was valued at £123 Gs. 7cl It
was afterwards granted to William, Lord Howard of Effingham.
In 1228 the slierilf of Devon w^as directed to reduce the walls of Barnstaple Castle, so as not to exceed 10ft.
in height. But when Leland visited Barnstaple, the wall was almost 'clene faullen,' and the castle in ruins.
Barnstaple was a naval station in 1344, as is proved by its being one of the places which sent representatives
to a naval parliament Edward III. called together. Besides equipping five ships for the fleet which destro3'ed
the Spanish Armada^ it sent out several privateers, one of which returned %vith a prize taken on the coast of
Guinea, ' having in her four chests of gold, worth £16,000,' and other articles of great value. In consequence
of the plague being at Exeter, the spring assizes were held at Barnstaple, in 1590, when eighteen prisoners
were hanged on the Castle-green. During the civil wars, Barnstaple was strongly attached to the interests
of the Parliament. It was taken for the King by Prince Maurice, in September, 1643. In July following,
the inhabitants rose and took possession of the town, and the Earl of Es«ex sent Lord Roberts and Sir P.
Stapleton, with about 500 horse, who repulsed Digby and others sent to the relief of the royalists. The Earl
of Essex then garrisoned the town, but it surrendered on honourable terms to General Goring, in September.
; In October 1645, the clubmen of Devon declared for the Parliament, and killed several of the royalists at
Barnstaple, where Sir A. Apsley was then governor. The Prince of Wales resided here during this time for two
months, indulging in those pleasures which afterwards earned for him the unenviable surname of the ' Merry
Monarch.' In March, 1640, Sir Thomas Fairfax blockaded the town, which surrendered to him on April 10,
126
B 111*11 «tai>le ,
after the fall of Exeter. The ancient chapel of St. Nicholas, on the (^uay, formerly belon«i;ing to a fraternity
and abolished at the Dissolution, was used as the Quay Hall until about thirty years ago, when it was pulled
down. The chapel of St. Anne, in the churchyard, which has ever since its desecration been used as the
Grammar School, has been recently restored, and is a noteworthy building-, the only one remaining of the
many chapels Barnstaple once possessed.
CoiiPOiiATioN, &c. — llisdon says Henry I. incorporated the borough, and that King John enlarged its
privileges. This last charter is recited and conhrmed by Edward IV. in the seventeenth year of his reign.
The charter of James I. adds a high steward, recorder, &c. Previous to the Municipal lleform Act of 18'3o, the
government of the borough was vested in the mayor, high steward, recorder, two aldermen, and twenty-two
common councilmen. Since the 'JSvd of Edward I. the borough has always sent two members to Parliament, and
until 1832 the right of election was vested in the corporate body and burgesses. Among the records in tl
Tower are some inquisitions taken in the reign of Edward VI., in consequence of a dispute between the lo:
of the manor and the burgesses, the latter claiming various privileges and the right of choosing a mayor, s;
to have been granted by a lost charter of Athelstane. The municipal borough is divided into two wards
namely, the north ward, containing (5517 inhabitants in 1871, and the south ward, containing 5142. Th^
borough is governed by a mayor, recorder, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors. An Act for improving the
wo
i
»
town and regulating the markets was obtained in 1818, and another for enlarging the market place in 1851
but the Improvement Commissioners are no longer in existence, their powers being transferred, through tl'
adoption of the Local Government Act, to the Corporation. The receipts of the Corporation, including ren
of municipal property, customary rents and quay rents, averaging about £800, with borough rate and miscel-
laneous receipts, making a total of about £0000 a year. The payments and expenditure of this income are
arranged under the diflerent heads of salaries, police, justice, lighting, sewerage, streets and highways, public
works, &c. Several thousand pounds have also been borrowed of late years for permanent works and im-
provements, in addition to the ordinary income. The markets, tolls, and dues form a separate account. The
receipts, amounting to about £1200, are usually applied in maintaining the markets ; taxes and interest on
the debt, and the surplus in providing a sinking fund for paying off the same. The remaining debt last year
was £d-j7o.
PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATIVES.
Thomas Cave, Esq., and Samuel Danks Waddy, Esq., Q.G.
LoKD High Steward oy the Borough — The Hon. Mark llolle.
TOWN COUNCIL.
MAYOR— C. S. Willshire, Esq.
EECORDEPv— Charles J. Murch, Esq.
ALDERMEN.
C- S. Willshire, R. Budd, and T. W. M. W. Guppy, who retire in 1880 ; J. R. Chanter, C. E. Palmer, and
J. M. Miller, who retire in 1883.
COUNCILLORS.
North
Ward.
Retires
Sou
TH Ward.
RetiS
W. Avery .
. 1878
AV. Fletcher .
. 1878
G. Brown
. 1878
J. I. Ivnill .
. 1878
J. E, Bavlis .
. 1878
J. D. Young .
. 1878
J. D. Thomas .
. 1879
C. H. Gamble
. 1879
J. Harper
. 1879
J. Pulsford .
. 1879
A. Lauder
. 1879
J. Channon
. 1879
J. Harris
\
. 1880
W. Westacott.
. 1880
John List
. 1880
J. Brady
. 1880
C. E. Northcote
. 1880
W. J. Sleath .
. 1880
Town Clerk, Lionel Thomas Bencraft, Esq.
Clerk of the Peace, John Hy. Toller, Esq. | Coroxer, Richard Incledon Bencraft, Esq.
Clerk to Magistrates, Richard Incledon Bencraft, Esq.
Borough Treasurer, Henry Xing Thorne, Esq.
Inspector of Weights and Measures, Mr. J. Chappie.
Superintendent of Police, Mr. George Longhurst.
Sergeants-at-Mace, Messrs. John Hopkins and William Chanter.
Inspector of Nuisances, Mr. George Yeo. | Town Crier, Mr. H. J, Hancock.
Beadles, Messrs. II. J. Hancock and William Gabriel.
Barnstaple Union, which comprises .39 parishes, had 37,400 inhabitants (17,513 males and 19,89
females) in 1871, living in 7710 houses, on 140,914 acres of land ; the area of the union includes also 281o
acres of water. In April, 1871, there were 371 houses uninhabited, and 07 building. At the census of 18'
the population was 30,293 (10,877 males and 19,410 females) ; the number of inhabited houses 7550; un
habited 422 ; and those building 37. In the union there were three persons who were blind from birth,
39 others ; 10 deaf and dumb ; 44 idiots or imbeciles ; nine lunatics ; 05 inmates ot hospitals ; 247 in
815
1
I>evoiisliire.
127
workhouse, and six in prison. The Union Workhouse is a large stone building, which was erected in 1837
at a cost of £4000, including £900 paid for the land. The House has been since enlarged, at a further outlay
of £1500, and has room lor 320 paupers. It had 247 in April 1871. The Board of Guardians meets at
the Union House every Friday morning, at 11.30 a.m. The expenditure of the union in 1849 was
£13,974, and for the year ended Lady-day 1870, £24,384. William Henry Toller, Esq., is union clerk and
superintendent registrar; the llev. A. E. Seymour, chaplain ; Mr. Wm. and Mrs. Ann Muxworthy, master and
matron of the wol'khouse ; Mr. W. H. Rice, porter ; Messrs. Fernie, Jackson, and Hartley are union medical
officers and officers of health for the Rural Sanitary Authority ; Messrs. Henry Hooper (Barnstaple), Philip
Taylor (Lynton), James Richards (Kentisbury), James Stephens (Ilfracombe), Richard Vicary (Piltou), and
John Clement (Newport), are the relieving officers ; the registrars of births and deaths are Messrs. Henr}^
Hortop (Barnstaple), John Clements (Newport), and Richard Vicary (Pilton).
Tlie following is an enumeration of the parishes in the union, showing their territorial extent, number
of inhabited houses and population, in 1871, and their present rateable value : —
Paiislies, &c.
II
Arlington
Ashford
Atherington .
Barnstaple
Berrynarbor .
Bishop's Tawton .
Bittadon •
Bratton Fleming .
Braunton
Brendon
Challacombe .
Combmartin .
Countisbury .
East Down .
Fremmington.
Georgeham .
Goodleigh
Heaton Punchardon
Highbray
Horwood ,
Acres
Inhab.
Popu-
Rateable '
Houses
lation
value
•
£
2535
41
240
2549
359
33
152
740 1
3326
110
578
3092
1102
1717
8918
20640
j 4958
159
751
4721
, 4263
402
1904
8690
1 1018
10
56
885 1
1 5845
129
578
5771 i
11983
439
2114
10436 '
1 6733
48
252
2031
5343
oQ
283
2864 i
3815
337
1418
4517 ii
3512
43
209
1465 :;
3643
84
406
3644 II
i 6810
273
1324
7439 !
i 4229
165
716
4607 1
1 1167
64
261
1402
1 3020
105
516
3678 11
4273
50
250
3178 |!
860
24
118
842 ,
i
Parishes, &c.
Ilfracombe
In stow .
Kentisbury .
Land key
Loxhore
Lynton .
Marwood
Martinhoe
5 Mortliue
6 Newton Tracey
2 Paracombe
5 Pilton .
3 Sherwill
3 Stoke Fivers .
1 Swimbridge .
6 Tawstock
2 Trentishoe
4 West Down .
6 Westlcigh
Total .
Acres
5583
1916
3129
3162
1530
7193
5396
2549
4621
3S6
4363
1861
4762
2426
7280
6582
1571
4059
2616
149729
Inhab.
Houses
954
127
76
141
57
240
216
36
66
30
76
Popu-
lation
4721
647
424
671
237
1170
995
210
352
108
366
435 2033
Rateable
value
107
525
38
208
311
1422
247
1199
23
106
110
492
101
476
7710
37406
£
23412
2474
2989
4412
1366
6566
4961
1126
2986
501
3359
5955
4224
2120
6496
7617
894
4155
2855
180659
Notes. — Marked 1 are in Barnstaple sub-registration district ; 2 in Paracombe ; 3, Combmartin ; 4, Ilfracombe ;
6, Braunton, and 6, Bishop's Tawton.
Petty Sessions for the borough are held at the Guildhall every alternate Thursday at 12 o'clock.
The Magistrates are The Mayor (C. S. Willshire, Esq.), The Recorder (C. J. Murch, Esq.), W. Avery,
G. Brown, R. Budd, M.I3., J. R. Chanter, C. Crasweller, John M. Fisher, C. H. Gamble, T. W. M. W.
Guppy, J. Harper, J. M. Miller, and W. H. Toller. IncledonBencraft, Esq., is their clerk.
The County Court for all the parishes in Barnstaple union, except Horwood, Instow and A^'estleigh, is
held at the Guildhall monthly ; Mr. Serjt. Petersdorff is judge ; L. T. Bencraft, Esq., registrar; and Mr. II.
K. Thorne, high bailiff.
Petty Sessions for Braunton petty sessional division (for places, see page 27), are held every
alternate Wednesday at the Bridge Hall, and the magistrates for the division, are the Rev. J. Arthur,
Sir B. P. Wrey, Sir A. Chichester, Sir A. B. P. Chichester, C. F. Bailey, Esq., the Rev. A. C.
Bassett, W. Currey, Esq., R. Chichester, Esq., T. J. Dennis, Esq., George C. Davie, Esq., Lieut.-Col. W.
Harding, Col. Hibbert, W. H. Hallidav, Esq., (Jage J. Hedge, Esq., T. S. Law, Esq., G. N. Maule, Esq.,
the Rev. II. W. Toms, N. Vye, Esq., the Rev. H. B. Wrey, C.H. Webber, Esq., C. H. Williams, Esq., and
Colonel R. B. Russell. T. H. Law, Esq., of Barnstaple, is their clerk.
The Guildhall, in High Street, is a handsome and spacious edifice in the Grecian style. In the public
room are the portraits of the thirty-one corporators and other worthies of Barnstaple, given to the town in
1738 by Sir John Chichester and Theophilus Fortescue, Esq., then representatives of the borough. The
portraits were painted by Hudson, and his pupil, Sir Joshua Reynolds, is said to have assisted in painting the
draperies.
The Borough Gaol, in Castle Street, a substantial structure of stone and flint, was built in 1875, at a
cost of £oOOO; in lieu of the old Borough Prison and Bridewell in the Square, which has been converted
into cottages. There are twenty cells certified for male criminals and ten for female, as well as one punish-
ment cell for each sex, making a total of thirty-two certified cells. On September 29, 187C, there were
: eight prisoners (four male and four female), being three less than on September 29, 187o. The average daily
number of persons in custody for the year ended September 29, 1876, was ll-2o. The number of persons
sentenced to different terms of imprisonment during the year was seventy-six, and the average number in
custody for the preceding five years 9*75. The greatest number at any one time during the year was nine-
1^8 UiAl'iistiiplo
teen ; the average greatest number, taken from the average greatest number at any one time during each of
the preceding live years, sixteen ; the number of re-committals during ihe year of criminals known to have
been previously imprisoned at any time or in any prison, twenty-six. The estimated value of work done for
the prison, and the net profit on work done during tlie year by the prisoners, was £00 Is. Ad. The total
ordinary expenditure of the prison, including the salaries of all the officers for tiie year ended September 29,
187G, was £'.'>59 '2s. ; the average weekly cost of food per prisoner, 2s, 'o\il. This prison has to be discon-
tinued forthwith by the ' Prisons Act,' and the prisoners hitherto sent there are to be sent to I'^xeter County
Gaol. Mr. llichard Webber is governor ; Mrs. Annie Webber, matron ; tlie llev. Joseph Gilford, M.A.,
chaplain ; and J. W. Cooke, Esq., surgeon.
Trade, Commerce, &c. — The Market and Fairs of Barnstaple have for a long period been in high
repute, and much resorted to. In the reign of Edward III. it cl.aimed two weekly markets, on Wednesday
and Friday, and they continued to be held till 1700. The market is now held on Friday only, and is an
extensive mart for corn, and all sorts of provisions. Four great cattle markets or fairs are held on thi;
Fridays before March 21 and April 21, on the last Friday in July, and on the second Friday in December ;
but the great 'Barnstaple Fair commences on the Wednesday before September 19, and continues several
days, the first day for cattle, &c., the second for horses, &c., and succeeding days for amusement. This fair
is one of the largest in the county, both for business and pleasure ; and on the second day a stag hunt take^^Bj
place, starting on the borders of Exmoor. The money expended at this fair* in the purchase of cattl^B
often amounts to £20,000. A new Market House was erected in 1854, and comprises a grand ball for the
pale of vegetable and general produce, capable of containing many thousand persons, being 350 feet long by
70 feet wide, and very lofty ; thirty-live butcher and other shops ; a large corn market ; and over the Market
Hall is a Music Hall. A Fisli Market has more recently been erected adjoining the above ; the expense
altogether amounting to more than £10,000. The staple trade of the towm, from a very early period till the
latter part of the last centur}^, was the manufacture of woollen goods, termed duroys, tammies, serges,
shalloons, baizes, flannels, plushes, &c., but this trade is now obsolete in the town. Here are, however,
several woolstaplers, a large lace factory, many malting establishments, four tanneries, two potteries, an
extensive shipbuilding-yard, and several brush makers, ropers, &c. Since 1822, when bonded warehouses
were established here, the port has had a foreign trade, and goods are now imported from the Baltic, France,
Spain, Portugal, North America, &c. An extensive coasting trade is also done, importing coals, timber,
iron, groceries, spirits, porter, freestone, &c., and exporting grain, wool, bark, leather, &c. The Port of
Barnstaple includes Ilfracombe, Combemartin, Linton, and all that part of the coast of Devon extending
north-east from the mouth of the Taw. The total value of the exports of foreign and colonial merchandise
at Barnstaple was £29,032 in 1872, £27,879 in 1873, £24,084 in 1874, £10,100 in 1875, and £17,934 in
187G. Tlie gross amount of Customs' revenue received during the same years was respectively £8848,
£8039, £8908, £9580, and £10,158. The value of the total exports was nil in 1872, 1873, and 1875, £510
in 1874, and £8 in 1870. The number and tonnage of steam and sailing vessels, including their repeated
voyages, that entered and cleared with cargo, From and to Foreign Countries in 1870 was — entered,
7 sailers, 2045 tons ; cleared, nil ; From and to British Possessions — entered, 2 sailers, 490 tons ;
cleared, nil; there were none of either class in ballast. Coastwise (with cargoes), employed in the
general coasting trade — entered, 1370 sailers, 00,055 tons; 150 steamers, 11,554 tons; total, 1520 vessels,
78,209 tons: cleared, 122 sailers, 5031 tons; 102 steamers, 8007 tons; total, 224 vessels, 13,098 tons.
Employed in the intercourse between Great Britain and Ireland — entered, 11 sailers, 704 tons; cleared,
1 sailer, 44 tons; steamers, nil. In ballast: Emploved in the general coasting trade — e^itered,^ sailers,
108 tons, 278 steamers, 21,043 tons; total, 281 vessels, 21,811 tons; cleared, 1283 sailers, 00,800 tons;
317 steamers, 24.140 tons ; total, 1000 vessels, 84,940 tons : Employed in the intercourse between Great
Britain and Ireland, nil. Thus the grand total is — entered, 1393 sailers, 70,122 tons ; 428 steamers,
33,197 tons; total, 1821 vessels, 103,319 tons; cleared, 1400 sailers, 05,875 tons; 419 steamers, 32,213
tons ; total, 1825 vessels, 98,088 tons. Three vessels were Norwegian, 1 Turkish, 2 United States, 1
Central and Southern America, and 2 British North America. The total number of vessels belonging
Barnstaple, with their tonnage, registered under the Merchant Shipping Acts on December 31, 1870, wj
03 sailers, 2724 tons ; 1 steamer, 15 tons. The number of boats registered under the Sea Fisheries Ac
1808, was 109, and their aggregate tonnage 254 ; 84 boats had their certificates endorsed in 1870, and 2i
men and boys are required to work them ; 50 men and boys, constantly employed in fishing, are residei
within the limits of the port ; and there are 100 persons, other than regular fishermen, that are occasional'
emploved in fishing. During 1870, four vessels of wood were built at Barnstaple, and these had a tonnj
of 781 tons.
The Custom House is a plain building, and Richard White, Esq., is the collector; and Mr. J.
Gale, examining officer. The Inland Revenue Ofpice is in Bridge Hall Chambers ; W. G. Reed, Esc
is the collector ; Mr. W. Ley, supervisor ; Mr. Stephen Baker, supervisor of taxes ; and Mr. John Parke
chief clerk. The present commodious Quay was constructed by the Town Council in lieu of the smalle
ones which were required for the railway to Ilfracombe. Mr. G. B. Pearse is the harbour master.
The town has three Banks, besides a branch of the Exeter Savings Bank ; a handsome TheatrI
in Boutport Street, built in 1834, at the cost of about £1000, and a commodious Assembly Room,
Boutport Street, erected in 1800, at an outlay of £1100, raised in £30 shares.
Barnstaple Parish Church (St. Peter and St. Paul), a large ancient structure, consisting of nave,
aisles, chancel, and a low tower on the south side, containing six bells,' and crowned by a spire, is said to
have been rebuilt about 1318, and enlarged and altered at subsequent periods. A work of thorough
restoration was commenced in 1807, under the auspices of the late vicar, the Rev. G. I. Wallas, and up to
tlie present time upwards of £5000, raised solely by subscription, has been spent upon the works. The
I>evoiisliiire. 129
south aisle and the steeple were completed in 1867, and half the nave reseated with oak ; the chancel and
chancel aisles were restored in 1872, an organ chamber built, and the grand old organ, given by Sir George
Amyand, one of the borough members in 1764, restored and removed from the gallery. The restoration of
the north aisle and the remainder of the nave still remains to be done, at an estimated outlay of £2000. The
pulpit is of ancient carved oak. The east window was filled with stained glass in 1854. The west window
is enriched with splendid stained glass, executed by Mr. W. F. Dixon, of London, and illustrative of
the miracles of St. Peter and St. Paul ; it was inserted by the parishioners in 1872, at a cost of £256,
in commemoration of tlie recovery of the Prince cf Wales from his illness in 1871-2. The Communion plate,
consisting of two chalice.'^, two flagons, and two patens of massive silver, was presented to the church in
1684 by the parishioners. The living is a vicarage, valued in K.B. at £15 8s. 9cl, and now at £324, in the
patronage of Earl WharnclifFe, and incumbency of the Rev. Albert Eden Seymour, M.A. The Rev. F. H.
Balby is curate. There is a vicarage house. The tithes were commuted in 1841, the vicarial for £245 and
the rectorial for £36. The great tithes were appropriated to Malmesbury Priory, and afterwards passed with
the Priory estate to the Incledon family.
Holy Trinity Church, in the Barbican, was originally built in the year 1843, by the Rev. John
James Scott, M.A., the first patron and incumbent; but so badly was it constructed that in 1868 it
became necessary to take the edifice, with the exception of the tower, down, and to rebuild it on a some-
what different plan, from the designs of Mr. W. White, of London. The cost of the work was £2300,
raised by subscription ; and the church, which consists of nave, north and south aisles, apsidal chancel, and
tower, will seat 450 persons. The tower which was built in 1847, is very handsome, rises to a height of
133 feet, contains two bells, and is surmounted by eight pinnacles. The church was opened in 1870. The
^eats are open and of oak ; the pulpit and lectern of Caen stone ; and the font, which is the same as was in
che old church, was presented by Dr. Budd. The church contains a good organ by Holditch, London. The
ive windows, of two lights each, are filled with stained glass ; and in the south aisle is a brass in memory of
;he Rev. A. M. Loring, a former vicar, who died in 1874. A new organ was added in April, 1878, at a cost
)f £500. A district was assigned the church in 1846, and had 2068 inhabitants, in 1871, living on 47 acres
)f land. The living, a vicarage endowed with £lOOO by the founder, and a like sum by the Rev. A. M.
Loring in 1874, is in the patronage of the Bishop of the diocese and incumbency of the Rev. Henry W.
Majendie, M.A., who resides in a handsome house, standing in pleasant grounds, near the church.
The Church of St. Mary Magdali^ne, standing at the head of 13ear Street, was erected in 1846, and
3 a handsome building consisting of nave, north and south aisles, chancel and tower crowned by a spire,
md rising to a height of 115 feet. The nave and aisles are neatly fitted up with upwards of 800 free sittings.
The burial ground comprises an acre, and the cost of the church was about £4500, raised chiefly by grants
ind partly by subscription. The living, a vicarage, endowed by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners with £150
I year, is in the alternate patronage of the Crown and the Bishop of Exeter, and incumbency of the
Jlev. Henry John Bull, M.A. The district was assigned the church in 1844, and it had 2835 inhabitants
a 1871.
The Rev. Jonathan Hammer, the author of many works, and the grandfather of the poet Gay, was ejected
rom the vicarage of Bishop's Tawton in 1662, and was the first minister of the Independent Church
yhich assembled in a building in Castle Street. He died in 1687. One of his successors, the Rev. Samuel
3adcock, was minister here from 1770-78, but he afterwards joined the Established Church, and became
] 3ishop of Ross. The Independent and Presbyterian congregations were united here about the middle of
ast century. The first chapel on the present site was erected in 1705, and rebuilt in 1839 at a cost of
U600, but was again rebuilt in 1870 at an outlay of £3000. The chapel contains a good organ, and will
eat 700 persons. The Rev. John Rutty is the pastor. The Jubilee Sunday Schools, at the corner of Cross
street, were erected in 1859 at an expense of £1000, in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the first
penin^ of the schools. The Baptist Church was formed in 1814, but it was not until 1824 that the
bapel in Vicarage Lane was built. The chapel in Boutport Street, which was erected in 1860 in lieu of one
•uilt in 1833, has sittings for 810 persons. The school and minister's house were erected in 1870 at a cost
if £503. The Wesleyan Chapel in Boutport Street was built in 1868, at an outlay of £1860, in the style
'f the 14th century, on the site of one erected in 1814, and has accommodation for 900 hearers. An
a'gan was added in 1875, at a cost of £400. The Wesleyan Schools, in Gay don Street, were built in 1852,
.nd the Iniimt School and minister's house added in 1858 at a cost of £320. The Brethren have a chapel
n Grosvenor Street, which was erected in 1848, and which will seat 800 persons. The school was built in
856 for a Sunday school, but in 1872 a day school was formed, and is under the management of Mr. Muller,
if Bristol. The Bible Christian Chapel, in Bear Street, was erected in memory of the late Mr. James
?horne, one of the founders of this sect, in 1876, at a cost of £2500, raised by subscription. There is a
:allery on the south-west side, and all the fittings are of pitch pine. The Roman Catholic Church (St.
vlary of the Immaculate Conception) in Church Street was erected in 1855 in the Norman style, and will
lold 250 persons. A presbytery was built at the same time ; the school was erected in 1853. The
ntire cost was about £5000. The Rev. Mgr. Brindle is provost, and resides at the presbytery.
Barnstaple School Board was formed on Feb. 25, 1871, and now consists of Alexander Lauder, Esq.
chairman), Charles S. Willshire (vice), the Rev. PI. J. Bull, J. E. Baylis, Esq., J. P. Ffinch, Esq., W.
^letcher, Esq., and T. M. Hall, Esq. W. Law, Esq. is their clerk.
The Grammar School is held in an ancient building in the churchyard, and is repaired by the corpo-
ation. In consideration of the undermentioned endowments, the head master is required to teacli one free
cholar, who receives a classical education in common with about thirty other boys, mostly day pupils. Mr.
^homas Wainwright, the head master, takes in ten or twelve boarders. The endowments consist of an
nnuity of £10, left by Richard Ferris in 1646, and £3 a year as the interest of £100 left by the Rev. John
I
130 Barnstaple,
Wright in 1700. At this school were educated John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury, and his great polemicul
opponent, Thomas Harding, the Jesuit professor at Louvain j also Gay, the poet, the learned antiquarian Dr.
Musgrave, and very probably Sir John Doddridge.
The Blue Coat Endowed Schools, in the North Walk, were erected in 1844, the boys' and girls'
schools having been previously held in separate buildings. They form a handsome stone building with resi-
dences for the head teachers, and were originally intended for the accommodation of 50 boys and 30 girls,
who were clothed from the proceeds of the endowment. Within the last few years the girls have, however,
been transferred to the Girls' National School, and their clothing has been discontinued ; whilst the number of
pupils in the boys' school average about 110, all of whom pay a quarterly fee, dependent on the means of
their parents, and 40 still receive clothing from the general fund. The boys' school was established by
subscription, a.d. 1710, and various donations of money and rent-charges have been made to it from time to
time. An estate called Francis and Bowden, at Ilfracombe, was purchased in 1746, at a cost of £1150, which,
however, included £100 belonging to the Penrose's Almhouse, to which the estate pays £4 per annum. This
estate consists of a farm of 160 acres, let on lease at £160 a year. The total yearly income of the school
from the above-named sources, together with an investment of £115 4s. 6d. in Consols, amounts to about £212
per annum, which is supplemented by the proceeds of an annual collection at the church. The salary of the
present master, who is a graduate of the University of London, is £150 per annum, with house. The girls'
school was founded by Alice Horwood a.d. 1652, for the instruction of 30 poor girls. The endowment
consists of a house and 3a. 30p. of land, situated at Newport, the rent of the old school house in Church
Lane, and the dividends payable on £574 5s. 4d. Consols, amounting altogether to about £45 per annum.
Other large and important elementary schools are the Girls' National School in the North Walk, the Wesleyan
and St. Mary Magdalene Schools in the district called Derby, the Holy Trinity boys' and girls' schools, and
the National Schools at Pilton and Newport,
Holt Trinity Schools, built about 1844 by the founder of the church, at a cost of £300, are attended
by about 130 children. St. Mary Magdalene Schools, in Lower Maudlin Street, erected in 1860, and
since enlarged at a total cost of £500, have an attendance of 275 children.
Barnstaple and Sherwill Plain Needlework Association was formed in 1876, to promote excellence
in plain needlework among the female children attending the elementary schools in the two deaneries of
Barnstaple and Sherwill. Prizes are distributed annually to children, and certificates recording that fact to
their mistresses. Lady Acland is president and Miss R.' Martin, secretary.
The Cemetery, situated in Lynton road, was formed m 1856, at a cost of £2820 (borrowed from the
Public Works Loan Commissioners, but now all paid off), comprises 5 acres of ground, half of which is
consecrated, and has two mortuary chapels. Mr. William Knill is clerk to the Burial Board, and Messrs.
Robert Jones and James Youngs, sextons.
Waterworks. — In 1858 a company formed under an Act of Parliament, with a capital of £12,000 in
£10 shares, purchased the old works, which they enlarged and improved. The reservoir, 100 feet long, 50
broad, and 14 deep, is in Rawleigh Park in Pilton parish. Mr. Robert Heard is secretary to the company,
whose offices are on the Quay.
Gasworks were first established in 1833, at the cost of £2000, raised in £10 shares, but were recon-
structed and enlarged in 1869-73, under the powers of an Act of Parliament, at a further outlay of £1800,
of which £1400 was raised in £10 shares and £4000 borrowed. The gas is supplied for 45. M. per 1000
cubic feet ; there are 160 public lamps, for which 3s. lOd. per 1000 cubic feet is charged. Mr. Richard
Ashton is the secretary, and Mr. W. C. Rafarel manager of the works.
Three Newspapers are published here. The oldest, the N'orth Devon Journal, was established in 1824,
and is published every Thursday by Messrs. Avery and Hayman. The JSorth Devon Advertiser was com-
menced in 1854, and is published on Fridays by .Jno. Jones and Co. The JVorth Devon Herald was
established in 1870, and is issued every Thursday by Mr. R. A. Lawrence.
The Literary Institution, which occupies a large house in High Street, was established in 1845, chiefly
by the munificence of W. F. Rock, Esq., of London, a native of the town and a subscriber of £100 a year
for the admission of 100 free members. It has a valuable library of 7000 volumes, a school of art, two
reading rooms, and a large lecture room, in which lectures are occasionally delivered during the winter. Thei
library contains a copy of the Bible in each of the 140 languages in which it has been printed, presented byi
W. F. Rock, Esq. Science and art classes, in connection with Kensington, are held during the season. Thej
institution also contains a meteorological observatory, where observations are taken twice a day. The|
Farmers' Club was amalgamated with the institution in 1876. Earl Fortescue is president, Mr. Thomas
Wainwright^hon. secretary, and Mr. William Knill, librarian. A Parochial Library was founded by John
Doddridge, Esq. in 1665, but it is now an Ecclesiastical Library of 271 volumes, to which the clergy pay
£1 Is. a year, and it is held in a room over the principal entrance to the church.
A Lodge of Freemasons meets on the first Monday of every month at the Masonic Hall, in Queen
Anne's Walk; and in the town are several friendly societies and other benevolent institutions.
Chanter's Green and South Walk, between the new road to Newport and the river Taw, were formed
in 1861 by J. R. Chanter, Esq., at a cost of £1500. The former is a small but well laid-out ornamental!
recreation ground ; the latter, a fine promenade on the bank of the river Taw. The adjoining grounc^
between the Green and Trafalgar Lawn, which has been purchased by W. F. Rock, Esq., of London, isabouti
to be formed into a small park of about 7 or 8 acres. The Square, about three roods in extent, is beinji
converted into ornamental grounds, at a cost of about £200, raised by subscription. It will be enclosed b^
handsome iron railings, presented by the mayor, C. S. Willshire, Esq. In the square is the Albert Memorial;
which consists of a lotty and well-proportioned tower, surmounted by an illuminated clock, with a drinkind
fountain at the base, and was erected by subscription in 1862. The Bridge Hall and Bridge Hall Chamber.";
I>evoiisliiire. 131
a handsome range of buildings, were recently erected by the Bridge Trustees, near the ancient bridge which
was constructed in the thirteenth century. Queen Anne's Walk, on the Quay, near the London and South-
western Railway Station, is a piazza or corridor, which formerly served as an exchange for the merchants.
It is 67 feet long and 12 broad, and has a series of stone columns supporting the roof, and a parapet, on which
is a fine full-length statue of Queen Anne, in whose reign it was rebuilt. The statue is dated 1708, and was
the gift of Robert Rolle, Esq., and has been recently restored by the Corporation.
The North Devon Infirmary, at the entrance to the town from Newport, is a neat building, of which
tlie centre was erected in 1824, when the first stone was laid by the late Earl Fortescue, the projector and
principal contributor. The wings of the building were afterwards added, aud the interior is now spacious
and admirably adapted for the purposes to which it is appropriated. The annual income and expenditure of
tlie institution amount to about £2200 ; the former is derived from investments in stocks, &c., and from
subscriptions and donations. The Earl of Fortescue is patron ; R. Budd, Esq., M.D,, F.R.C.P., physician ;
Messrs. W. Curiy and T. S. Law, consulting surgeons ; Messrs. C. H. Gamble, and .1. Harper, surgeons ; Mr.
Charles E. Prouger, house surgeon and apothecary; Mr. A. Pitowsky, surgeon-dentist; the Rev. J. GifFord,
chaplain ; Miss S. Williams, matron ; Mr. John Bridgman, secretary.
The Dispensary, in Boutport Street, was established in 18-32, and in connection with it is a branch of
the Royal Humane Society. From 1835 to 1875 £1765 14s. was bequeathed to this institution. Sir
Bouchier P. Wrey, Bart., is patron ; Mr. Joseph Harper, consulting surgeon ; Messrs. Fernie and Jackson,
surgeons; Mr. C. E. Palmer, hon. secretary ; Mr. J. C. Turner, acting secretary and dispenser.
Salem Almshouses, in Salem Street, for the residence of 24 poor men and women, were built in 1834,
at the sole expense of Charles Roberts, Esq., of Bickington. They are neatly built of stone, and com-
prise 12 cottages, forming three sides of a square, with a grass plot and palisades in front. The founder
and other donors gave about £1000 for the endowment, and the money was invested in the funds, and yields
about 30s. per annum for each inmate. .1. R. Chanter, Esq., a descendant of the founder, is sole acting trustee.
Penrose's Almshouse is a large building in Litchdon Street, consisting of 20 dwellings, each con-
taining 2 almspeople, who have eacli a portion of a large garden. They are appointed from the poor
parishioners, a preference being given to natives, and usually to women. Each of the 40 almspeople receives
85. per lunar month from the funds of the charity. The almshouse was founded in 1624 by John Penrose.
His gifts now consist of £2999 6s. Consols, producing £89 19s. 6d. a year; two rent-charges on Foxe's Field,
amounting to £3 5s. ; and various lands and tenements let at £48 5.s. In addition to this, there is £76 a
year derived from Richard Beaple's gift ; £34 2s. from Palmer's gift ; £3 19s. Qd. from Denys RoUe's gift ;
and £9 14s, 8d. dividend of £324 12s. lOd. Consols, purchased with money left by Stanbury, Barford, and
others.
Horwood's Almshouse in Church Lane, consists of 8 dwellings of 2 rooms each, occupied by 16 poor
people, with a small garden plot allotted to each dwelling. It was built by Thomas Horwood and his
widow, who vested it in trust with the mayor and capital burgesses, and endowed it, in 1674, with 7a. 3p. of
land, and a house, barn, &c. at Newport. The 16 almspeople have each 7s. per lunar month. The income is
now derived from £129 9s. 2d. Consolidated Annuities, producing £3 17s. 6d. a year ; £29 9s. from various
persons ; and £56 as the rent of certain tenements, &c.
Paige's Almshouse, in Church Lane, has rooms for 8 poor persons, and occupies the site of an ancient
almshouse. It was built on the site of the old one by Elizabeth Paige, who, in 1656, endowed it with £50,
vested with the Corporation, and now producing £2 10s. a year. It is also endowed with a rent-charge of
6s. Hd. left by William Crawford in 1553, and with £20 a year from Congerham's Estate, left by Robert
Appley in 1594. John Phillips, who was a benefactor to the Charity School and Penrose's Almshouse in
1734, also left £40 to the inmates of Paige's Almshouse. This £40, with £24 accumulated by unapplied interest,
was vested in the purchase of a yearly rent-charge of £2 10s. out of land at Maidenford. Sir John Chichester's
gift is £1. Besides the above there is a draft of £15 from Poor Account. The inmates have 6s. each lunar
month. Harris's Almshouse forms part of a group of cottages in Alms Lane, and was given by Thomas Harris
in 1646.
Poor Account. — The poor have a rent-charge of £20 on the barton and demesne of Hedd, left by
Richard Beaple in 1642 ; £40 as the rent of two houses, left by Robert Appley in 1594 ; £45 as the rent of
three fields, purchased with money given by Ephraim Skinner in 1677 ; £14 12s. 6d. as the rent of a field
left by Richard Cornish in 1709 ; £25 2s. as the rent of land purchased with a legacy left by Adam Lugg in
1622 ; £1 a year as the interest of £20 left by Hugh Horsham in 1653, and lent to the Corporation ; an
annuity of £1 10s. bequeathed by Roger Jeffrey ; one of £2 left by Richard Ferris in 1622 ; and another of
£2 12s. from Sir John Acland's Charity (see Exeter) ; they have also Ss. 4d. from Cordwainers' Land. Of
the above £98 Is. 2d. was bread, coal, and money ; £3 lis. Qd. (Acland's and Horsham's gift) in bread; 30s.
(Jeftry's) to 6 decayed housekeepers, in sums of 5s. eacli; £15, a draft to Paige's and Harris's account.
Richard Ferris in 1646 left two rent-charges to be applied in aid of the Grammar School, and in apprenticing
poor children ; the yearly income is now about £29 15s., of which £10 is paid to the master of the Grammar
School, and £10 as the first instalment with 5 apprentices.
Municipal Charity Trustees. — The following are the Municipal Charity Trustees, who manage the
above charities :— J. R. Chanter, Esq. (chairman), and :Messrs. J. P. S. Marshall, T. S. Law, J. G. King,
T. Mackrell, W. Hunt, W. Fletcher, W. Gould, J. N. Harding, J. Harper, A. Lauder, J. M. Miller,
W. H. Tollei", and the Rev. G. I. Wallis,
In 1636 Katherine Westlake left £300 to be invested for the relief of poor artificers, and £100 to be
invested and the yearly profits applied towards setting up young men newly come out of their apprenticeship.
These sums were laid out in the purchase of £439 8s. dd. Old South Sea Annuities, now standing in the name
of five trustees. Of the dividends £3 is given to apprentices, and the remainder distributed in coal and
i2
132 Bai-nKtaple,
bread to the poor. A yearly rent-charge of £G, left by George Baron in 1081, out of an estate at Brensworthy ,
in Fremington, is distributed among poor weavers or their widows. The trustees of these two charities arc
Messrs. T. H. Law, John R. Chanter, J. P. S. Marshall, J. M. Miller, 0. E. R. Chanter.
In 1810 Margaret Newcomnien left two annual sums of £4 each to two dissenting schoolmistresses of
Barnstaple for teaching poor children to read (see Bideford). An annuity of £5, left by Mrs. Martin, out of
Great Fisherton Farm, in Bishop's Tawton, is paid to the vicar in consideration of his catechising the children
of the parish. He has also the dividends of £*2G4 G^. Old South Sea Annuities, purchased with £oOO left iu
1772, by Joan Stanbury, for the better support of a minister who should read daily morning prayers at the
church.
In the reign of Queen Elizabeth there was in Barnstaple a company of cordwainers or shoemakers,
governed by a master and wardens, but it ceased many years ago to exist. The property belonging to it was
conveyed to new trustees in 1787, and consists of 3 tenements, let for about £'80 a year. The clear income is
distributed in small sums among poor shoemakers or their widows.
The 3rd Administrative Battalion oe Rifle Volunteers (6th, 18th, 21st, and 28th corps) has ii
headquarters at Barnstaple. Lewis V. Madden, Esq. is lieut.-colonel ; George Pearse, Esq., major; Brevet-
Major Julius J. Hockley, adjutant; Mr. John Gould, surgeon; Mr. Joseph Harper, assistant-surgeon; tho
Rev. W. II. Majendie, M.A., acting chaplain. The 6th Corps, whose armoury is in the Market Chambers,
was formed in 1869, and has a strength of 200 men. Mr. Sydney N. Marsh is captain-commandant ; Mr.
Charles S. Willshire, sub-lieutenant. ^^—.
The Royal North Devon Yeomanry Cavalry (Hussars) has its headquarters at Barnstaple, ^jfl
Arthur Chichester, Bart, is lieut.-col. commandant ; Charles Henry R. Lord Clinton, lieut.-col. ; Alfred !nHI
Hole, Esq., major; Adderly B. Wren, Esq., William A. Deane, Esq., John George Johnson, Esq., Lawrence Des-
borough, Esq., Sir A. P. B. Chichester, Bart., Hon. Walter R. Trefusis, and W. H. Holley, Esq. are captains ;
Charles E. Radclyffe, Ernest J. Oldham, Be Burgho E. Hodge, George L. Lopes, Charles Chichester, George
Marker Marker, James M. Kirkwood, George E. Davie, Esqrs. and IIughF. Viscount Ebrington, lieutenants ;
William E. Arthur, Esq., sub-lieutenant; Newton Charles Chichester, adjutant; Charles II. Gamble, Esq.,
surgeon ; F. D. Gregory, Esq., veterinary surgeon.
Eminent Men. — John Jewel, afterwards Bishop of Salisbury, and Thomas Harding, Hebrew Professor
at Oxford, were educated at the Grammar School. Gay, the author of the ' Beggar's Opera,' born here
in 1688, was secretary to the Duchess of Monmouth, and travelled with Lord Clarendon to Hanover in 1714.
Philip Wyot was town clerk of Barnstaple from 1558 to 1608, and left a very curious diary, referring to local
and public matters of great interest. This diary, which is frequently referred to by Lysons and other his-
torians, was edited and published by Mr. .1. R. Chanter, in 1866.
The North Devon Building Society was established in 1869, and has over 200 members. Mr. John
Bridgman is secretary. The Barnstaple Freehold Land Society was commenced in 1851 ; it has 1407 mem-
bers. Mr. Richard Farleigh is secretary.
Newport is in the ancient parish of Bishop's Tawton, and was constituted an ecclesiastical district in
1847. It forms part of the municipal borough of Barnstaple, and had 1031 inhabitants (390 males, 641 females)
in 1871, living in 223 houses, on 355 acres of land. Newport is said to have been anciently a borough town.
It had formerly a market on Monday, and a fair on the festival of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, granted in
1294. Newport Church is a modern building, near the site of an ancient chapel, the ruins of which were taken
down about the middle of last century. The living is a vicarage, endowed by the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners with £203 a year, in the patronage of the vicar of Bishop's Tawton, and incumbency of the Rev.
Joseph GifFord, M.A. A vicarage house was built in 1864, at the cost of upwards of £1000, defrayed by the
parishioners. The National School has been recently improved at the cost of £220. Newport borough
lands, dating from 1691, and consisting of several tenements in the parish, are now vested in a new trust, and
the income thence arising will be henceforth applied to the maintenance of the National School. There are
many good clubs here for the benefit of the poor.
Post, Money Order, Telegraph Ofeice, and Savings Bank in Cross Street. Mr. John Parker is
postmaster. Letters are despatched to London, 7.25 a.m., 9.50 a.m., 3 p.m. 7.15 p.m., ; North, 3 p.m. ; South
West, Southampton, &c., 2.15 p.m. ; Exeter, 7.25 a.m., 2.15 p.m. ; Ilfracombe, 9 p.m., 10.20 a.m., 3 p.m. ;
Bideford, Fremington, Instow, and Appledore, 9 p.m. ; Bideford and Torrington, 10.20 a.m., 3 p.m. ; Braun-
ton, 5.45 a.m., 3 p.m. ; Lynton, Lynmouth, Parracombe, Arlington, Sherwill, and Combe Martin, 5,45 a.m. ;
Local Posts, 5.45 a.m. Tliere are four town letter carriers. There are receiving boxes at Mr. John
Shaddick's, Newport, and Mr. J. D. Thomas's, Pilton.
Railway. — (London Sj- South Wester^i), The Quay; Charles Heather, station master. (Great Western),
Victoria Road; Ephraim J. Tucker, station master.
Those marked * are in Filton jjarish, hut not in the borough of Barnstaple. All others are in the borough.
Abbott Felix, dairyman, Pilton j Alford Mrs Ann, Pilton
Abbott John Jas. ins. broker, Eradiford, Pilton ; & London \ Allen John, clothier, 83 Boutport street
Abbott Mrs Mary, grocer, Tuly street I Allen William, painter, paperhanger & glazier, 16 High st
Abraham Miss Mavy Jane, dressmaker, Newport
Ackland Mrs Mary Ann,butcher, Butchers' row & Church gt
Ackland Mrs Prudence, vict. Barley Mow, Boutport street
A.ckland William, cooper and churn maker, Joy street
A-dams George (S. & Gr.) ; h Taw Vale parade
Adams S. & G. tanners and curriers. Bear street
Adams Samuel (S. & G.) ; h Bear street
Alexander Miss Rhoda, The Square
Allin Samuel, draper and milliner, 104 High street
Amier Miss Hester, Newport
Arnold Edwd. Stribring, cabintmkr. & upliolstr. 50 Highsb
Arnold Henry & Sons (Henry & George), frencli polishc
and undertakers, Ayes lane ; and Bideford
Arnold Miss Kate, lodgings, 50 High street
Arthur Mr William, 8 Taw Vale parade
Arthurs Mr William Ernest, Castle house, North walk
De-vonsliire.
133
Arundell Mr George, Newport
Ashton John, farrier, Bear street
Ashton Richard, secretary to Gas Co. The Square
Assembly Booim, Boutport street ; John Lapthorn, hallkpr
Avery Mrs Alice, Castle street
Avery & Hayman, publishers and proprietors of Korth
Devon Journal, 96 High street {See Advertisejnent)
Avery William (A. & Hayman) ; h 9 Boutport street
Ayre Isaac, railway foreman, Abyssinia terrace, Newport
Bailey Miss Ann, Union terrace
Baker George, auctioneer, house, manure and shipping
agent, and agent for Sovereign Ins. Co. 12 Joy street
Baker Henry, corn miller and baker, 1 Boutport street
Baker Henry, grocer and bootmaker, Queen street
Baker James, confectioner, 90 Boutport street
Baker John, vict. Mermaid, & maltster, Boutport street
Baker Mrs Mary, 51 High street
Baker Mrs Mary, shopkeeper. Green lane
Baker Eichard, Wesleyan chapel keeper, Boutport street
Baker Stephen, surveyor of taxes, Strand ; h Newport
Baker Mr Thomas, 6 Ebberly terrace
Bale George, painter and paperhanger, Cooney bridge
Bale Jno. butcher, 10 & 11 Butchers' row; h Bickington
Bale Mrs Mary, lodgings, Newport terrace, Newport
Bale Nicholas, cabinet mkr. North Walk pi. Gammons In
Bale Samuel, nursery and seedsman. Market chambers,
Boutport street; and (h) Landkey
Bale Mrs Sarah Ann, 4 Ebberly terrace
Bale William, carpenter, Cooney bridge
Bale Mr William, Holland street
Ballinger Henry, baker and confectioner, 97 High street
Balsdon Mrs Annie, 9 Barbican terrace
Bament Eichard, master mariner. Quay
Banfield Jno. Thomas, vict. Eoyal Exchange, Joy street
Bankes Mrs Annie, Ebberly lawn
Banks Mrs Mary Ann, South street, Newport
Barnstaple Brewery Co. ale and porter brewers. Taw Vale
parade ; Jno. Eichards, manager
Barnstaple ^ North Devon Dispensary, Boutport street ;
John C. Turner, secretary and dispenser
Barnstaple Old Ba?i7c (dvnw on Dimsdale, Eowler and Co.),
83 High street ; Marshall and Harding, proprietors
Barnstaple Times and Devon Post, Boutport street ; John B.
Jones, publisher and proprietor
Barrow George, brush maker and cart owner. Trinity st
Barrow Miss Mary, grocer, Pilton
Bartlett Jno. coal mer. & hay & straw dealer. Castle st
Bartlett Stephen, corn mer. & hay & straw dlr, Boutport st
Barry Mr Joseph, Ebberly terrace
Bater Alfred, grocer, tobacconist & smallware dlr. Strand
Batey John, foreman engineer. Barbican
BathChas. Jno. master. Holy Trinity school ; h The Square
Batt Mr Mark, Prospect cottage, Newport
Baugh Mr, New villas, Victoria road
Baylis Joseph Edwin, glove manufacturer, Bellaire, Pilton
Bayly Eobert, dairyman, Gaydon street
Bear Mrs Sophia, Albert villas
Beer George, dairyman and cattle dealer, Queen street
Beer James, market gardener, Eumsom, Newport
Beer Samuel, post office clerk, Gammons lane
Beer Mrs Susan Fosse, National school mistress, Newport
Bencraft Lionel Thomas, solicitor, town clerk, registrar
of county court, and agent for Eoyal Exchange In-
surance Co., Quay ; h Highfield house, Victoria road
;' Bencraft Mrs Lucy, Nelson terrace
: Bencraft Eichard Incledon, solicitor, borough coroner, clerk
to borough justices, and commissioner in all courts,
Strand ; h Boutport street
' Bennett Mrs Elizabeth, Alexandra place
, Bennett Mr George, Clarence place, Newport
Bennett Isaac, grocer,. Lower Maudlin street
Bennett William, shopkeeper, Hardaway Head
Bentley Mrs Elizabeth, coal merchant. Castle street
Berry John, tailor, 16 Boutport street
Berry Miss Lydia, milliner and dressmaker, 16 Boutport st
Berry Eobert, bootmaker, Hardaway Head
Berry Sampson, victualler, Town Arms, Anchor lane
Berry Samuel, manure merchant, Pilton
Berryman Wm. agent for Prudential Ass, Co.Eichmond st
Besley Henry Thomas, bank manager, 51 High street
Besley Samuel, commercial traveller, Newport
Bevan & Son, masons and builders, Grosvenor street
Bevan Thomas (B. & Son) ; h Grosvenor street
Bevan Thomas jun. (B. & Son) ; h Eichmond street
Bilham James, draper, 77 High street
Bilney Mr James, Union terrace
Bird John Samuel, wine and spirit merchant, 38 Boutport
street, and 96 Boutport street
Bird Mrs Susannah, Newport terrace, Newport
Blackmore Charles, bootmaker. Vicarage street
Blackmore Eichard, seedsman and corn dealer, Newport
Blackmore William, tarm bailiff, Westaway, Pilton
Blackwell Mr Frederick, Newport terrace, Newport
Blackwell Thomas, basket maker. Castle street
Blackwell Mr Thomas, Gammons lane
Blake Mrs Henrietta, Victoria road
Blake William, wheelwright. Queen street
Blight Mrs Charity, vict. Golden Lion Tap, The Square
Blue Coat School, North walk, Chas. Hy. Satterley, master
Blyth Alexander Wynter, M.D., F.C.S., F.E.H.S., county
analyst and medical officer for South Molton union,
Bideford, Torrington, Okehampton, and Dulverton sani-
tary districts, 3 Trafalgar lawn
Boatfield Eobert, manure, corn, seed, and oil merchant,
Tuly street; h The Quay
Boden Henry, dispenser at Infirmary ; h Abyssinia ter-
race, Newport
Bolt Mrs Mary Jane, Newport
Bond Mrs Grace, grocer. Vicarage street
Bond Mrs Mary, butcher, 2 Butchers' row ; h Swimbridge
Borough Prison, Castle street ; Eichard and Mrs Annie
Webber, governer and matron
Bosson James, clerk. Barbican terrace
Bowdell George, shopkeeper and milk dealer. Silver street
Bowden Mrs Elizabeth, dairy proprietor, Eeform street
Bowden Francis, bootmaker. Green lane
Bowden George, grocer, 78 High street, and Market street
Bowden Miss Lily, dressmaker. Barbican terrace
Bowden Mrs Mary, Newport
Bowden William, mason and builder. Queen street
Bowden William, gardener, 2 Pulchrass street
Bowden William Henry, bootmaker, 2 Pulchrass street
Boyle John, commercial traveller, Summerland place
Boyle Patrick, travelling draper, Salem terrace
]3oyle William, butcher, 34 Boiitport street
Boyles John, farm bailiff. Gammons lane
Bradford Arthur George, grocer, Boutport street ; h Vic-
toria terrace, Victoria road
Bradford Joseph, victualler, Eising Sun, Newport
Brady James, railway contractor, timber merchant, wood
turner and japanner. Station yard; h Barbican terrace
Brady John, Avood turner, &c. (Jas.) ; h The Square
Brailey Miss Annette Clare, Newport terrace, Newport
Brailey Jno. (Thos. & Son) ; h Boutport street
* Brailey Thos. (Thos. &Son) farmer, Billand farm, Pilton
Brailey Thomas & Son, manure merchants, Pilton
Brannam Charles (B. & Son) ; h Litchdon street
Brannam & Son, earthenware, sanitary pipe, and Devon-
shire oven manufacturers. Litchdon st and North walk
Brannam Thomas (B. & Son) ; h Litchdon street
Brannan John, grocer, 51 Boutport street
Bray Eev Wm. (Bible Christian), 10 Alexandra place
^ Brayley John, farmer, Tutshill, Pilton
Brayley William, greengrocer, Newport
Brealey Henry, shopkeeper. Higher Maudlin street
Brend William, fishmonger, 40 High street
Brewer Mr Daniel Tremlett (Exors. of), 1 Taw Vale parade
Brewer Mrs Elizabeth, 2 Park villas
134
Bai*iistiitple.
Brewer Jas. Noifchoote, tailor aud outfitter, 7 Cross street ;
and (h) Taunton
Bridgman Jolin, accountant, secretary to Kortli Devon
Infirmary, North Devon Benefit Building Society, and
Barnstaple 2nd Annuitant Society, 131 Boutport street
Bright Miss Mary, 3 Albert villas
Brindle Kev Kalph, provost (Eoman Catholic), Church st
Britton Miss Elizabeth, 9 Orchard terrace, Newport
Britton George, mason and clothes dealer, Anchor lane
Britton John Charles, victualler, Union Inn, Princes' street
Britton William, photographer & optician, 23 High street
Britton William Boucher, landscape painter, 47 Boutport st
Bromham James Fraser, solicitor, 40 High street ; h 6
Trafalgar lawn
Brown Gfeorge, Esq. J.P. land agent, The Square ; h
lioborough house, Pilton
Brown Henry, blacksmith. South street, Newport
Brown Henry Edward, land agent, Lansdown villas,
Lynton road
Brown Humphry, victualler, Brauuton Inn, High street
Brown Thomas, mason and builder. Vicarage street
Bryan Miss Ellen, Pilton
Bryant Miss Ellen, dressmaker, Grosvcnor street
Bryant John, mason, builder and monumental mason,
Grosvenor street
Buckingham Miss Ann, shopkeeper, Litchdon street
Buckingham John, wine, spirit, ale and porter mert. Quay
Budd George, M.D,, F.K.S., Ashleigh house, Victoria road
Budd Kichard, Esq. J.P., M.D., E.R.C.P., physician, and to
North Devon Infirmary, Boutport street
Bull Rev Henry John, M.A. vicar St. Mary Magdalene ;
h Ebberly terrace
Burgess Edv/in, Aactualler, Eolle Arms, Bear street
Burnett William, plumber and gasfitter, 64 Boutport street
Bushell Arthur John, draper, 109 Boutport street ; h 14
Joy street
Bushen Mrs Catherine Mary, Castle street
Bushen Thomas, victualler, New Inn, Pilton
Butcher Miss Laura, 3 Union terrace
Cann Thomas, eating house, 84 Boutport street
Capel Alfred, L. & S. AV. booking clerk, Railway station
Carlyon Henry, travelling draper, 114 Boutport street
Carpenter Mr William, Littabourne, Pilton
Carter Miss Ann, grocer, 3 Joy street
Carter Giles Webber, plumber, brassfounder, blacksmith
and tinplate worker, 22 .Joy street
Carter Mrs Sarah, 5 Barbican terrace
Carter William, grocer, QAieen street
Catford Henry, butcher, 45 High street
Catford James Stoyle, photographer, 79 High street; and
Ilfracombe (See Advertisement)
Cawsey John, clothes dealer, Queen street
Chalk Michael, hatter, 52 Boutport street
Channings Mrs Ann, 3 Victoria terrace, Victoria road
Channon Mr John, The Square
Channon Samuel, grocer and chandler, 6 High street
Chanter Arthur Henry (C, Efinch & C), The Strand
Chanter Charles Edward Roberts (C.,Ffinch& C), Fort hi
Chanter, Ffinch & Chanter, solicitors and agents for West
of .England Insurance Co. The Strand ; and Ilfracombe
Chanter John Roberts, Esq. J.P. ; h Fort hill house
Chapman Mr Robert Cleaver, 6 New buildings
Chappie John, ironmonger and tinplate worker, 4 Joy st
Chappie Robert AVakriel, baker, Litchdon street
Chappie Thomas, bootmaker, Silver street
Charley Mrs Ann, Bradiford, Pilton
Cliarley George, gardener. Trinity street
China William, bootmaker. Union street
Ching Samuel, shopkeeper, Castle street
Chorley George, gardener, 1 Barbican terrace
Chugg Miss Mary, Pilton
Clarke Chas. Snow, painter & paperhanger, 27 Boutport st
Clarke Mrs Lavinia Carford, 6 Newport terrace, Newport
Clatworthy Mr Richard, Trinity street
Clement John, registrar of births and deaths for Bishop's
Tawton district, relieving officer for Barnstaple district,
rural sanitary inspector, and vaccination officer for 1
and 2 districts of Barnstaple union, Newport
Clement Wm. butcher, 1 Butchers' row; h 1 Albert vill
Clement William, dairyman, Newport
Clifford Thomas, butcher, 27-8 Butchers' row ; h Brick yd
Cobley Andrew, grocer, 110 Boutport street • ' .
Cock Misses Mary Ann & Caroline, Newport
Cockram Mrs Mary Ann, clothier. Queen street
Cockrell John William, agent for W. H. Smith & Sons,
The Quay .:. -
Codd Rev Henry Frederick, M.A.,H.M. inspector of schools.
Pill house, Newport
Cole Elijah, victualler, Albert Inn, Diamond street
Collander Mrs Mary, Newport
Collander Misses Mary & Alice, day school, Newport
Colman Mrs Harriet, toll collector, Newport
Combes Misses Rhoda & Phcebe, Pilton
Comer James, painter, Queen street
Conibear Miss Elizabeth, milliner, 125 Boutport strept
Connebear Geo. & Son, cab proprietors & grocers, Newport
Cook Robert James, grocer, 71 High street; aud Bideford
Cooke Mrs Grace, Park villas
Cooke James Wood, M.R.C.S., L.S.A. surgeon, medical
officer for No. 1 district of Barnstaple union, and for
workhouse and gaol. Square terrace. The Square
Cooke John, bootmaker, 78 Boutport street
Cooke William, carpenter, Pilton
Co-operative Society (lim.), grocers, bakers and boot
factors, 11 Joy street (William Huxtable, secretary ;
Frederick Hennings, manager) ; aud butchers, 92 Bout-
port street ; James Isaac, manager
Copp Alfred Henry, butcher, 13 Butchers' row; h- 98
Boutport street
Copp Henry, butcher, 13 Butchers' row ; h 98 Boutport st
Copp John, mason, Bradiford, Pilton
Copp William John, painter, paperhanger & glazier. Bearst
Cornish Mrs Maria Ann, printer, stationer and bookseller,
27 High street
Cottey James, carpenter. Bear street
Cotton & Co. wine and spirit merchants, 2 Cross street ^.
Courteny Samuel, foreman, Gaydon street .^m
Courtney John, victualler. Rose & Crown, Newport ^|
Cowell Lewis, mason and builder, Trinity street
Cowell Robert Burt, accountant and agent for Prudential
Assurance Company, Trinity street
Cox Henry John, hairdresser, Newport
Cox Mr John Russell, Newport
Crabb Mrs Elizabeth, boot factor, 74a High street; h
Boutport street
Crang Misses Alice & Mary Ann, 49 Boutport street
Crang George Henry, victualler, Chichester Arms, Pilton
Crang Mrs Harriet, vict. White Horse, 29 Boutport street
Crang John, dairyman. Bear street
Crang Richard, saddler. Bear street
Crang Mr William, Lynton road
Crassweller Charles, Esq. J.P. glass, china and hardware
dealer, 29-31 High street
Cridge John Richard, maltster and brewer, Boutport street
Crook Mrs Mary, grocer, Pilton
Crook Thomas Henry, accountant, 5 Nelson terrace
Croot Walter George, painter, paperhanger and glazier,
98 High street
Cummings John, agent for Exeter and Plymouth Gazette,
53 Boutport street
Curry William, Esq. .J.P., F.R.C.S., consulting surgeon
North Devon Infirmary, Boutport street
Curtis Edwin Darch, plumber, tinplate worker, and lamp
and oil dealer, Trinity street
Curtis Mr John, 15 Ebberly town
Curtis Mr Thomas, Cross street
Curtis William, M.R.P.S. & chemist. Bridge hs. The Strand
Curtis William, mason and builder, Wells street
I>evoii.sliir e .
135
Custom House, The Quay; Kichard White, collector; John
R. Gi-ale, examining officer
iitcliffe Miss Bridget, 126 Boutport street
itcliflfe George, grocer and baker, Pilton
1 utcliffe John, corn miller, Hall mills, Pilton
L-utcliiFe John, eating house, 60 High street
1 );ilby Rev F. H. curate of St. Peter and St. Paul's
Dale Charles, joiner and bellhanger, Diamond street
Daley Mrs Jane Mary, lace dealer, Boutport street
Dalling Mrs Ellen, 10 New buildings
Dalling Mrs Henrietta, hairdi-esser, 2 High street
Dalling John, lodgings, 4 G-rosvenor terrace
Dalling Thos. master mariner, High street & North gate
Dalling William, dairyman. Higher Maudlin street
Dalling William, coal merchant, Rolle's quay
Dalton Charles, day & boarding school, North Walk place
Daniel George, market gardener, Newport
\ )ark Edwin, victualler. White Lion, Silver street
Dart Mrs Elizabeth, grocer, 12 Pulchrass street
Dart Mrs Mary, shopkeeper, Litchdon street
Davey Mrs Elizabeth, shopkeeper, Litchdon street
Davey George (George & Son), and commission agent,
Lion house, Bradiford, Pilton
I'avey Geo. (George & Son); h Lion hs. Bradiford, Pilton
Davey George & Son, corn & flour merchants, Lion mills,
Bradiford, Pilton ; & Market chambers, Boutport street
Davey James, billposter, Silver street
Davey Mr, Pilton
Davie James Headon, saddler, 5 High street
Davie Mr Thomas, Victoria road
Davie William, marine store dealer. Queen street
Davies Mrs Elizabeth, Pilton
Davis Wm. grocer, 30 High street; h Alexandra villa
Davoll Mr William, Vicarage street
Davolls Frederick, provision dealer, 33 Boutport street
Davolls George, saddler, Pilton
Davolls George, jun. saddler, 30 Boutport street
Dawe Saml. outfittr. 13 Highst. & Bideford ; h 6 Nelson pi
Dawton William, paper manufacturer. Rose hill, Pilton
Day William Dennis, foreman, Pilton
Deane Miss Anna Maria, 14 Alexandra place
Delve James, wheelwright. Green lane ; h Pilton
Delve John, carpenter, Green lane
Dendle John, joiner, bxiilder, contractor and timber mer-
chant, Union terrace
Dennis Miss Amelia Calmady, day school, 10 Barbican ter
Dennis Mrs Elizabeth, eating house, 61a High street
Dennis James Avery, tailor, 5 Richmond street
Dennis Thomas John, Esq. J.P. Bradiford house, Pilton
Dennis William, butcher, 20-1 Butchers' row ; h Landkey
Desborough Mr, Littabourne, Pilton
Dibble Mr Daniel, Sowden, Victoria road
Dicker Mrs Ann, Cooney bridge
Dillon Captain WilliamR.N. (Exors. of), NewListon house,
Victoria road
Doble Stephen, commission agent, South view, Barbican
Dockings Mrs Mary Ann, dressmaker, Bear street
Domipick Mrs Henrietta, confectioner and fruiterer, 79
Boutport street
Dominick John, chimney-SAveeper, Green lane
Dornat Charles Caraille, mineral water mnfr. Tuly street
Down Mrs Elizabeth, grocer, Newport
Down William, machinist & blacksmith & grocer, Bear st
Down William, timber dealer, Azes lane
Downes Thos. mason, contractor & chimney-swp. Newport
Draper Mr Edward, Holland street
Drew William, tailor. Trinity street
Drury Mrs Julia, 7 Barbican terrace
Drury Misses Mary and Edith, day school, 7 Barbican ter
Dungey Mr William, 3 Ebberly terrace
Dunstone Mr Joseph John, 3 Vicarage ter. Vicarage st
Dyer Mrs Eleanor, shopkeeper. Bear street
Dyer John, butcher, Butchers' row ; h Bishop's Tawton
Dymond John, greengrocer, 2 Boutport street
Dymond William, bootmaker, Bradiford, Pilton
Easton James, carpenter and trunk maker, Holland street
Easton John, vict. Three Tuns, & tobacconist, 80 High st
Ebsworthy William, carpenter, Union street
Eddy Nicholas, bootmaker, Bear street
Eddy Richard, police sergeant, Vicarage street
Edger & Co. grocers, 26 High street
Edger Edward (E. & Co.) ; h 26 High street
Edger Mrs Gratiana, Pilton
Edmonds Rev John (Brethren), South street, Newport
Edwards Mrs Mary, lodgings, Pilton
Eland Rev Richard (Wesleyan), 12 Ebberly terrace
Ellacott James, clerk, 3 Pulchrass street
Elliott John, butcher and game dealer, 74 High street
Elliott Mr William, 7 Alexandra place
EUocott William, carpenter, Newport
Essery Mr Henry, Pilton
Essery Henry, victualler, Poltimore Inn, and cabinet
maker, Boutport street
Evans James, saddler, 58 Boutport street
EvansRev Jno.Marks (Independent, retired), 3Ebberly Iwn
Exeter and l^lynwuth Gazette (branch office), 53 Boutport
street ; John Cummings, agent
Falconar Mr James, Pilton
Farleigh John, grocer, 19 & 22 High street, and Instow;
h 22 High street
Farleigh Richard, secretary to North Devon Freehold Land
Society, Lansdown villas, Lynton road; and grocer,
Ilfracombe, Appledore, and Budc
Fathom Mrs Frances Jane, 6 Ebberly lawn
Ferneres Miss Selina Susannah, Boutport street
Fernie Andrew, M.R.C.S. L.S.A. surgeon, surgeon to North
Devon Dispensary, and vaccinator. 111 Boutport street
Fewings William, bootmaker, 92 Boutport street
Ffinch John Parkinson, solicitor (Chanter, F. & Chanter),
and commissioner in all the courts and of the Irish
courts ; h Newport terrace, Newport
Fisher John Thomas, Esq. J.P., Longstone, Pilton
Fisher Miss Sarah, Victoria terrace, Victoria road
Fisher William, farmer, Pottingdon, Pilton
Fisher Mr William, Rumsom, Newport
Fisher Wm. cabinet maker and upholsterer. Trinity street
Fish Market, The Quay
Fishwick John, master mariner, Cooney bridge
Fishwick Misses Mary Ann & Emma, milliners and dress-
makers, Cooney bridge
Fleming Edwin, painter, glazier, and glass and china
dealer, 45 Boutport street
Fleming Miss Sarah, 55 Boutport street
Fletcher Captain Thomas, 3 Portland villas, Victoria road
Fletcher Mr William, Trafalgar lawn
Folland John, house decorator & brush & oil dlr. Newport
Ford Charles, watchmaker and jeweller, 89 Higli street
Ford Frederick James (Samuel & Sons) ; h Litchdon st
Ford John Richard (Samuel & Sons) ; h Litchdon street
Ford Samuel & Sons, tailors and drapers, Litchdon street
Forester Henry, M.D. physician, 46 High street
Forrest Charles James Newman, wine, spirit, ale and
porter merchant, 60 Boutport street
Forrest Mr Richard, Forest house, Victoria road
Fowler Thomas, bootmaker, 6 Pulchrass street
Free School, Silver street ; Thomas D. Hiorns, master
French George, baker and confectioner, Litchdon street
French William, tailor's manager, Richmond street
Froud Mrs Mary, Taw Vale parade
Fuller Misses Margaret & Elizabeth, Clarence pi. Newport
Furse ,John, grocer and millwright, Pilton
Furse Wm. basket maker and seedsman, Bradiford, Pilton
Gabriel Mr Abraham, Trinity street
Gabriel Mark, lodgings, 17 Ebberly lawn
Gabriel Richard Henry, bootmaker, 80 Boutport street
Gale George, gimmaker, 20 Joy street
Gale John Romilly, Custom House examing. officr. Alma ter
Galliford Henry, joiner and builder. Trinity street
136
Sai:-iistaplej
Gamble Chas. Hanlen, Ksq. J.P., M.E.C.S., L.S.A. surgeon I
to North Devon Infirmary., and to Admiralty, certifying
factory surgeon, and surgeon to North Devon Yeomanry
Cavalry, Litchdon terrace, Litchdon street j
Gammon Mrs Elizabeth Ann, dressmaker, Pilton
Gammon Mr Thomas, Pilton
Gammon William, carpenter, Union street
Gammon William, timber merchant (Rawle, G. & Co.) ; h
Ebberly lawn
Gardener Mrs Ann, laundress, 4 Higher Maudlin street
Gardner Philip, overlooker, 2 Vicarage ter. Vicarage st
Garland John, victualler. Curriers' Arms, Vicarage street
Garland William, victualler, Eising Sun, and mason and
builder, 88 Boutport street
Garrett John Apscy, tailor's manager, 1 Eichmond street
Gas Offices, The tjquare ; William C. Eafarel, manager ;
Eichard Ashton, secretary
Gasson Miss Elizabeth, Wesleyan schlmistress. Vicarage st
Gaydon Mrs Elizabeth, The Quay
Gaydon Mrs Elizabetli, South street, Newport
Gaydon George Tytc, grocer, corn factor, and fruiterer,
85 Boutport street
Gaydon John, watchmaker and jeweller, 99 High street
Gaydon John, wine mrcht. (Cotton & Co.) ; h 1 Nelson ter
Gaydon Eobert, lodgings, Castle street
Gaydon AV. mason. South street, Newport
Gaydon Wm. Summerwell, eatinghskpr. & corn dlr. Joy st
Geary William, gardener, Eumsom, Newport
Geen Mrs Eliza Jane, milliner, 55 High street
Geen James, ironmonger, plumbr. & tinplte. wkr. 1 6 Joy st
Geen Samuel Crocker, master mariner, 55 High street
Geen Thomas, bootmaker, 18 Joy street
Gennau Miss Eliz, vict. Commercial Inn, 93 Boutport st
Gent John, dairyman, Newport
German Lambert, grocer and bootmaker, Pilton
Gibbings William, coach builder and harness maker, Bear
street ; h Vicarage street
Gibbs Miss Elizabeth, iron, coal, grindstone, stone trough,
roller, & pitch & tar merchant, North walk ; h Square
Gibbs John, draper's foreman. Trinity street
Gibbs Mrs Mary, lodgings. The Square
Giddy William, umbrella maker. Bear street
Gilford Eev Joseph, M.A. vicar of St. John's, Newport,
chaplain to Infirmary and Gaol, Newport vicarage,
Trafalgar lawn
Gilbert Miss Elizabeth, milliner and straw bonnet maker,
Silver street
Gilbert Mr John (Exors. of), 3 Orchard terrace, Newport
Gilbert William, painter, paperhanger and glazier, Pilton
Gilbey Henry, head cellarman, 6 Summerland pi. Barbican
Gildard Mr Eichard Kelley, New villas, Victoria road
Gill Matthew, farmer, Stone yard, Lynton road
Glyde George (S. & Son) ; h 101 High street
Glyde S. &Son, glass and china dealers, 101 High street;
and Ilfracombe
Glyde Samuel (S. & Son); h 101 High street
Goman Henry, bootmaker, Gaydon street
Gooding Mr William Henry, 127 Boutport street
Goss Mr John, Pilton
Goss Samuel, wholesale and retail pharmaceutical chemist,
1 High street and 32 Boutport street
Goss William, corn miller, Hale mills, Pilton
Gould Bros, tailors & linen & woollen drapers, 64 High st
Gould George Henry (Bros.) ; h 64 High street
Gould James, shopkeeper. Queen street
Gould John (G. & Sanders) ; h 23 Joy street
Gould Miss Phoebe Ann, pawnbkr. & plate dlr. Green lane
Gould Eichard Davie, architect, surveyor and borough
surveyor. Castle street
Gould & Sanders, auctioneers, estate agts. & brewers' agts.
23 Joy street and 34 High street ; and Ilfracombe
Gould Wm. slate mercht. Brunswick wharf, Eolle's quay
Gould William Avery (Bros.) ; h 64 High street
Govier Peter, cartowner. South street, Newport
Gower Thomas, manure, corn, seed, and oilcake merchant,
Tuly street ; and (h) Bramaton
Graham Miss Katherine, 1 Union place. Union terrace
Grainger Eichard, inland revenue officer, 16 Alexandra i)l
Gra)iimar School, Church yd ; Thos. Wainwright, head mstr
Greek John Le worthy, candle manufacturer, 20 High street
Greek Miss Mary Ann, 5 Grosvcnor terrace
Greenslade Miss Sarah J. eatinghouse keeper. Anchor In
Greenwood William, vict. London Inn, Litchdon street
Greenwood William, carpenter, Litchdon street
Gregory Mrs Mary Ann, 6 Taw Vale parade
Gregory Eobert, manure merchant, 2 Trafalgar lawn
Gregory William, gardener, Newport terrace, Newport
Grenney Charles, cutler and umbrella maker. Wells street
Grenney Edward, cutler & umbrella maker, Litchdon st
Grenney Henry, hairdresser & umbrella mkr. 4 The Strand
Gribble Miss Elizabeth, 4 Eichmond terrace
Gribble John Charles, solicitor, commissioner in all courts,
and agent for Sun Insurance Company, Castle street
Gribble Mrs Mary Ann, Pilton
Gribble Mrs Sarah, day school, Pilton
Gribble Miss Sarah, Litchdon street
Griffin George, glass and china dealer, 94 Boutport street
Guard Eichard, grocer, Silver street
Guppy Thomas William Matthew Wilks, bank manager,
and agent for Eoyal Standard & Accident Insurance Com-
panies, 86 High street ; h Fremington
Hackadoy Francis, solicitr's elk. 2 Summerland pi. Barbican
Hake Mr AVilliam, 9 New building
Hall Townshend M.. F.G.S. The Vicarage, Pilton
Hall Eev William Cradock, M.A. vicar of Pilton, The
Vicarage, Pilton
Hallyer Mr John, Ivy cottage, Tuly street
Hames John, chemist, Pilton
Hancock Mrs Ann, Bear street
Hancock Edwin Edgcombe, hairdresser, 1 1 High street
Hancock Herbert Jones, town crier and bill poster, 10
Grosvenor street
Hancock James, bootmaker, 48 High street
Hancock Jolm, wood tm^ner, Bradiford, Pilton
Hancock John Nicholas, joiner, builder & contractor, Pilton
Hancock Justinian, tailor and draper, 7 Boutport street
Hancock Mrs Sarah Courtney, dressmaker, Pilton
Hancock William, coach builder, Litchdon ter. Litchdon st
Harding Frederick George, outfitter, 8-9 High street
Harding James Mott, banker (Marshall & H.), and soli-
citor, Tuly street; h King's close, Newport
Harding Miss Mary Ann, shopkeeper, Bradiford, Pilton
Harding Philip, master mariner. Barbican terrace
^^ Harding Colonel William, J.P., Upcott, Pilton
Harper Edwin, blacksmith, Newport
Harper & Jackson, surgeons. Bear street
Harper Joseph, Esq., J.P., M.E.C.S. Eng., L.E.C.P. Lom
(H. & Jackson), and surgeon to Infirmary and Dispen-
sary, Bear street
Harper Eichard, blacksmith, North walk
Harper Sydney, btchr. 17-18 Butchers' row ; h Vicarage st
Harris Enoch, railway inspector, Newport terrace
Harris Francis James, wood engraver, 65 High street
Harris Miss Harriet, 10 Ebberly lawn
Harris Henry, coal merchant, Pilton
Harris Mr James, 24 Joy street
* Harris John, farmer, Eoborough, Pilton
Harris William Thomas, tailor and draper, Holland street
HartnoU Mr John, 3 Alexandra place
Hartnoll John (H. & Son) ; h 65 High street
Hartnoll John James (H. & Son) ; h Winchester
Hartnoll & Son, builders and undertakers, 65 High street
Hayman Miss Grace, Eichmond street
Hayman John, victualler, Fortescuo Tap, Wells street
Hayman John Gould, pblshr. (Avery & H.) ; h 96 High st
Heard Eobert, secretary to Water Works Company, Port-
land cottage, Victoria road
Hearn Samuel, wine merchant's assistant, Newport
I
"Devonshire.
137
IT earn William, vine, spirit, ale & porter mert. 92 High st
Hearson Mrs Emma, Newport
Hearson Miss Mary, berlin wool, toy & fancy dlr. lOSHigh st
Hearson Thomas, printer, bookbinder, bookseller and sta-
tioner, and agent for Scottish Union Ins. Co. 90 High st
Heathcote Mr John Francis Nugent, South street, Newjwrt
Heather Charles, L. & S.W. stationraaster, Junction station
Hedden AYilliam, bootmaker, 92 Boutport street
Heddon Mr George, Bradiford cottage, Pilton
Hedgeland Hy. umbrella mkr. Garden court, Queen street
Helyer Ishmael, victualler. Farmers' Inn, Holland street
Heunes Eobert, bootmaker, Newington street. Vicarage st
Hennings Fredk. co-operative store manager, Silver street
Honnings Thomas, commercial traveller, Kichmond street
Henson Misses Sarah and Annie, milliners and baby linen
dealers, 6 High street
Herapath Mr G eorge, Bradiford, Pilton
Herd Ki chard, shopkeeper, Green lane
Hernamon Mr James, Pilton cottage, Pilton
Hewish Mrs Mildred, 18 Alexandra place
Hewish William Thorne, farmer, The Quay
Hewlett Rev Arnold Melville, curate of Holy Trinity church
Hibbert Col. Hugh Thomas, J.P. Broadgate house, Pilton
Hickley Mrs Charlotte, Litchdon street
Hiern Mr John, Pilton
Hiern Mrs Lucinda, Bear street
Hill Benjamin, watchmaker and jeweller, 2 Joy street
Hill Edwin, joiner and builder, Pulchrass street
Hill Miss Elizabeth, confectioner, 2 Joy street
Hill John, tailor, Pilton
Hill Joseph, shopkeeper, Wells street
Hill Richard, baskotmaker, GI High street
Hill Samuel, builder and contractor, &c. Bear street
Hill AVilliam, painter, Pilton
Hill William, dairyman. Vicarage street
Hill William, furniture dealer, Silver street
Hiorns Thos. David, Free school master ; h 11 Newport ter
Hobbs John, clothes dealer. Paternoster row
Hockley Major Julius Joseph, Rumsom, Newport
Hodge Cyrus, tailor, batter and outfitter, 73 High street
Hodge Thomas Sellick, manager, The Strand
Hogg Jonathan, rly, goods supt. 2 Victoria ter. Victoria rd
Hole Miss Louisa, Orchard cottage, Rumsom, Newport
Holland Miss Mary Jane, dressmaker. South st. Newport
Holland William, victualler, Exeter Inn, Litchdon street
Holloway Jas. & Abiezer Cook (H. & Son) ; h The Strand
Holloway & Son, cabinetmakers & upholsterers, furniture
dealers and goods' removers, The Strand {See Advert.)
Holmes James, chimney-sweeper. Belle meadow, Silver st
Holmes Robert, sliopkeeper, Litchdon street
Hooper Charles, marine store dealer, Green lane
Hooper Mrs Elizabeth, Gaydon street
Hooper James, staircase and hand rail maker, xlbysslnia
terrace, Newport
Hooper Mrs Sarah, dressmaker, Gaydon street
Hopper John, draper, 68 Boutport street
Hore Rev William Strong, M.xi. vicar of Shebbear ; h
Penrose villas, Victoria road
Home Miss Mary Jane, Richmond street
Home William, mason and builder, 9 Alexandra place
Horner Mrs Maria, Portland villas, Victoria road
Hortop Henry, draper (H. & Pettcr) and accountant and
registrar of l)irths and deaths, 39 High street
Hortop & Petter, drapers, 39 High street
Hoskings Nicholas, farmer. Pill farm, Nev^ort
Hough Mrs Lilly, lodgings, 3 Ebberly terrace
How Alfred, saw mill proprietor, timber, manure, corn,
salt, coal and nail merchant, wood turner, gilder, japan-
ner and corn miller, Rolle's quay ; h Lauderdale villa,
Victoria road
Howard William Henry, baker & confectioner, 100 Highst
Howell Mrs Mary, teacher of music, 23 Joy street
Howell Mrs Susannah Millward, day and boarding school,
and teacher of music, Newport
Hughes Mr Robert, 70 High street
Hunt Miss Annie Georgiana Harvey, Littabourne, Pilton
Hunt George (W. & G.); h 35-6 High street
Hunt Harry Parnell, watchmaker and jeweller, 1 -I Highst
Hunt W. &; G. furnishing and general ironmongers and
agricultural implement agents and smiths, 35-6 High st
Hunt William (W. & G.) ; h 35-6 High street
Hunter Thomas, photographer. Anchor lane
Hussell Miss Julia, dressmaker, 2 Richmond street
Hussell William, butcher, 29 Butchers' row ; h Bear street
Hutchings Mrs Ann, Silver street
Hutchings Mr John, Bear street
Hutchings John, jun. (W. & J.) ; h Princes street
Hutchings Miss Mary Ann, hosier. Bear street
Hutchings AV. & J.fellmongers, woolstaplers and seed and
corn merchants, Princes street and Bear street
Hutchings William (W. & J.) ; h Bear street
Huxtable Mrs Elizabeth, 8 Newport terrace, Newport
Huxtable Misses Elizabeth & Susan, berlin wool and fancy
and toy dealers, 76 High street
Huxtable George, dairyman, Littabourne, Pilton
Huxtable Jas. foreman marble mason, Littabourne, Pilton
Huxtable John, foreman, Sowden, Victoria road
Huxtable John, bootmaker. Trinity street
Huxtable Mrs Mary, South street, Newport
Huxtable Wm. solicitor's clerk, & secretary to Co-opera-
tive Society (lim.), 4 Vicarage terrace, Vicarage street
Inland Bevenue Office, Bridge chambers. The Strand ; John
Parker, chief clerk
Ireland John, nurseryman and florist, Raleigh, Pilton
Ireland William, nurseryman, Pilton
Ireland William, saddler. The Sqiiare
Irish & Son, seed, manure and wool merchants, Tuly st
Irish Thomas Braund (I. & Son) ; h Rumsom, Pilton
Isaac James, butcher's manager, Pilton
Isaac John, tailor. South street, Newport
Isaac John, shopkeeper, Holland street
Isaac Mrs Mary Jane, laundress, Church street
Isaac Mrs Sarah Ann, dressmaker, Newport
Isaac Thos. butcher, 31-2 Butchers' row; h 3 Richmond st
Isaac Wm. butcher, 16 Butchers' row ; h Higher Maudlin st
Jackmau Josiah, greengrocer, 51 i High street
Jackson Henry, M.R.O.S. Eng., L.S.A. Lond,, surgeon
(Harper & J.), medical officer for 2nd and 4th districts
of Barnstaple union and for ] st district of the union, and
surgeon to Dispensar}^ 6 Alexandra place
Jackson Captain Philip, Prospect place, Newport
Janes William Parkin, foreman of Gas Works, Alma ter
Jarman John Combes, greengrocer. Trinity street
Jarratt Rev Fred, curate of parish church and chaplain
to union. Bear street
Jarvis Henry, vict. North Country Inn, 128 Boutport st
Jeffery William, shopkeeper, Princes street
Jervis William, tailor and draper, 68 High street
Jewell Samuel, lodgings, 4 Alexandra place
Joce Mrs Ann, South street, Newport
Joce Thomas, ale and porter merchant, and agent for City
of Glasgow & Scottish Commercial Insurance Compa-
nies, 54-6 Boutport street
Joce Thomas ( W. B. & T.) ; h 63 High street
Joce W. B. & T. wine, spirit, ale & porter merts. 63 High st
Joce William Burden (W. B. & T.), 63 High street
Johnson Sergcant-Major Alfred (retired) ; h Pulchrass st
Johnson Mrs Fanny, South street, Newport
Joint Thomas, confectioner and game and provision dealer,
104 Boutport street
Joint William, provision dealer, Hardaway Head
Jolliffo Orlando, bootmaker. Silver street
JoUyman Mrs Elizabeth Smith, 5 Ebberly terrace
Jones Miss Bessie, dressmaker, Queen street
Jones Mrs Frances, dyer and cleaner, 55 High street
Jones John Beer, printer, publisher and proprietor Barn-
staple Times and Devo7i Post, and patent medicine
vendor, Boutport street
138
Bani»-»taple,
Jones Jno. & Co. publishers and proprietors of North
Bcvoot Advertiser, Boutport street
Jones Nicholas, cabinet maker, Vicarage street
Jones Robert, sexton and lodge keeper, Lynton road
Jones William, bootmaker, Holland street
Jones William, glass and china dealer. Trinity street
Jones William Britton, foreman printer. Queen street
Jones William Moncrieif, clerk, 1 7 Alexandra place
Jordan Patrick, woolstapler, Pilton
Judd John travelling tea dealer, Bradford row
Keall Edward Skinner, dentist. Cross street ; and Bideford
I^eirle James iShoplands, temperance hotel, agent for Colo-
nial, Commercial Guarantee, and London and County
Plate Grlass Insurance Companies, 69 High street
Kelland Mrs Harriet, 4 Portland villas, Victoria road
Kelly John, shopkeeper, Lower Maudlin street
Kemp Miss Fanny, National schoolmistress, 129 Boutport st
Kemp Thomas, victualler. Salutation, Castle street
Kenner William Henry, master ^of St. Mary Magdalene
schools ; h Kichmond street
Kent Mr John, Westaway house, Pilton
Kerswell Thomas, grocer, Pilton
Kiell John Peter, ironmonger, stove grate manufacturer,
plumber, tinplate worker, &c. 103 High street
King Mrs Elizabeth, seamstress, Bear street
King Mrs Emma, milliner and dressmaker. Bear street
King James, dairyman, 9 Kichmond street
King Mrs Mary Jane, dressmaker, Litchdon street
King Thomas, market gardener, Victoria road
King Thomas, vict. Shipwrights' Arms, The Square
Kingdon Misses Ann and Panny, furriers, 49 High street
Kingdon Mr James, 49 High street
Kingdon Thomas, foreman, Bear street
Kingson Mrs Katherine, 39 Boutport street
Knight Henry, draper and milliner, 93 High street
Knill Frederick, post office mail guard, Pilton
Knill John, victualler, Keform Inn, maltster, mason and
builder, Pilton
Knill John Inch, printer and registrar of marriages, 46
Boutport street
Knill Miss Mary, laundress, Barbican road
Knill Samuel Inch, bank cashier, 8 Barbican terrace
Knill Mr William, Pilton
Knill William, librarian, Literary Institution, 42 High st
Knill Wm. Thos. vict. Unicorn Inn, and butcher, Pilton
Lake Bros, iron and brass founders, Newport
Lake Chas. plumber and tinplate worker, 89 Boutport st
Lake Edwin (Bros.) ; h South street, Newport
Lake Thomas (Bros.) ; h Newport
Lake Mr Thomas, Higher Maudlin street
Lake William (Bros.) ; h Newport
Lake William, tailor and draper, 86 Boutport street
Lambett Mrs Rebecca, victualler. Bear Inn, Green lane
Lancey Richard, ironmonger, 17 High st ; h 4 Park villas
Langdon Mrs Kitty, 3 Grosvenor terrace
Lanyon Miss Mary Jane, 13 Newport terrace, Newport
Lapthorn John, keeper Assembly rooms, Boutport street
Laramy Miss Matilda, dressmaker, 48 High street
Laramy William, seedsman, 24 Joy street
Latham Richard, victualler. New Inn, Silver street
Lauder Alexander (L. & Smith), and architect and sur-
veyor, 47 High street
Lauder Mrs Mary, Poddington, Rolle's quay
Lauder & Smitli, lime and manure merchants, 47 High
street ; and Braunton
Laverconibe Charles, dairyman. South street, Newport
Law Arthur John, wine merchant (Cotton & Co.) ; h 6
Union terrace
Law Mrs Charlotte, Bear street
Law & Gamble, surgeons, Litchdon street
Law Miss Phillis, 2 Litchdon terrace, Litchdon street
" Law Thomas Hooper, solicitor, clerk to Barnstaple Turn-
pike Trust, and to county magistrates for Braunton
division, Litclidon street
Law Thomas Shephard, Esq. J.P., F.R.C.S., L.S.A. (L. &
Gamble), and consulting surgeon to Nortli Devon Infir-
mary ; h Riversdale, Litchdon street
Law William Edward, solicitor and clerk to School Board,
Litchdon street
Lawday Edward, baker and confectioner, Vicarage street
Lawrence Robert Arthur, printer and publisher of North
Devon Herald, lOG High st ; h Pilton {See Advertisement)
Leach Mr Charles, Bradiford, Pilton
Leach & Co. coal merchants and commission and general
agents. Taw Vale parade
Leach William Comyns (L, & Co.); h Prospect place,
Newport
Lee Thomas, grocer, mason and builder. Vicarage street
Lee William, dairyman, Pilton
Leigh James, teacher of music, 1 Salem terrace
Leman Mrs Catherine, 5 Clarence place, Newport
Lethaby Richard Pyle, gilder's foreman, 2 Ebberly lawn
Lewin Mr James and Miss Martha, Cedar cottage, Bradi-
ford, Pilton
Lewis Charles Henry (L. & Sons) ; h Silver street
Lewis Edward (L. & Sons) ; h Barbican terrace
Lewis Henry, cab proprietor and livery stable keeper,
North walk
Lewis Samuel, marine store dealer. Lower Church street
Lewis & Sons, cabinet makers. Silver street
Lewis William, bootmaker, Holland street
Lewis William, victualler, Barnstaple Inn, Trinity street
Ley John, carver, gilder, and picture dealer, The Square
Ley William Henry, supervisor of inland revenue, Pros-
pect place, Newport
Lile Alfred, railway clerk, Victoria terrace, Victoria road
Linton Mrs Ann, 10 Orchard terrace, Newport
List William John, paper manufacturer. The Quay
Literary ^ Scientific Institiution, 42 High street ; William
Knill, librarian
Liverton John, foreman, Poddington, Rolle's quay
Liverton William, foreman, Rolle's quay
Lock Charles, grocer and wine merchant, 28 Boutport st
Lock Mrs Elizabeth, Cross street
Lock Henry, victualler. Railway Hotel, and teacher of
music, 42 Boutport street
Lock Miss Sophia, milliner, Queen street
Lock Thomas, land agent. Bridge chambers. The Strand ;
h In stow
Lock Thomas, bootmaker, The Square
Lock William (W. & Son); h Orchard terrace, Newport
Lock Wm.jun. (W. & Son), and agent for United Kingdom
Temperance & General Provident Institution, 3 High st
Lock William & Son, bootmakers, 3 High street
London & Devon Biscuit Co. The Strand; Thomas
Hodge, manager
Longhurst George, superintendent of borough police, Fal
field cottage. Barbican road
Lord Mrs Ann, dressmaker, Pilton
Loveband Rev A. Wm., M.A. (Episc.) Pilton Abbey,Pilt
Lovering Mrs Elizabeth Emma, 4 Grosvenor terrace
Lowis Miss Mary Paulina, 6 Orchard terrace, Newport
Luxmoore Miss Emma, Pilton
Luxmore, Mrs Eliza, 7 Grosvenor terrace
McDermott Mr Richard, o Pulchrass street
Macdonald Rev Alex. (Baptist), Boutport street
McEvoy Mr Richard, Gaydon street
Mackrell Mr Thomas, o Union terrace
McLeish Archibald Gilmer, tailor and draper, 43 High st
Madge Richard Gould (Exors. of), victualler, Ilfracombe
Hotel, High street
Magridge John, dairyman. Trinity street
Majendie Rev Hy. W., M.xi. vicar of HolyTrinity, Barbican
Maldram Charles, grocer and baker, Holland street
Maldram James, wool dealer, Vicarage street
Mallett William, foreman, Victoria terrace, Victoria road
Manning Benjamin (M. & Son) ; h Joy street
Manning John Gribble, cattle dealer, Elmfiold cot. Newport
I>evoiisli.ire.
iim
Manning & Son, victuallers,Barnstaple Bodega, wine, spirit,
ale, and porter merchants and auctioneers, Joy street
Manning William (M. & Son), and cab proprietor,
(Seldon & M.); li Joy street
March John, glass and china dealer. Higher Maudlin st
.Marks Bros, printers, stationers & bookslrs. 107 High st
Marks Charles James (Bros.) ; h 107 High street
Marks|Fras. Goldney (Bros.) ; h 3 Litchdon ter. Litchdon st
Marks' Mrs Mary Jace, 3 Litchdon terrace, Litchdon st
.Maries Wm. bootmkr. shopkpr. & markt. gardr. Princes st
Marquiss Mrs Elizabeth, Barbican
Marquiss William, farmer, Rumsom, Newport
3tarsh Mrs Ann, vict. Golden Lion, 62 Boutport street
Marsh Mrs Ann, 3 Salem terrace
jMarsh John Hartnoll, bank cashier, Newport
Marsh S, N. & Co. wine and spirit merchants. Cross st
Marsh Sydney Northcote (S.N. & Co.),and agent for Phoenix
and Railway Passengers Insurance Companies, Cross st
Marshall & Harding (See Barnstaple Old Bank)
Marshall Mrs Mary Ann, Newport
Martin Edwd. auctioneer, land surveyor & farmer. Bear st
Martin James, auctioneer, upholsterer, house agent and
musical instrument dealer, Cross street
Mason Mrs Mary Ann Lloyd, 13 Alexandra place
Masonic Hall, The Quay
Matta Richard, H.M. assistant inspector of schools. Taw
View cottage, Newport
Maunder Sml. Gilbert, Wesleyan schoolmstr. 1 lEbberly lawn
May Mr Samuel William, Newport terrace, Newport
May Thomas, land agent, Castle street ; h Fremington
Mew John, draper, 52 High street
Michael William, printer, stationer, bookseller, and fancy
repository, 95 High street
Michenmore Miss Rebecca, 1 Grosvenor terrace
Miller Alfred Henry (Bros.); h Pilton
Miller Bros, lace manufacturers, Vicarage street
* Miller Jno. May, Esq. J.P. (Bros.) ; h Raleigh hs. Pilton
Miller Thomas, butcher, 30 Butchers' row; h Leary,
Chittlehampton
Miller William Walter (Bros.); h Nottingham
Mills John, plumber and tinplate worker, Queen street
Milroy Mr Alexander, 114 Boutport street
Milroy Mr John, 43 Boutport street
Milton John, shopkeeper, Vicarage street
Milton Miss Mary, Holy Trinity schoolmistress, Barbican
Mitchell Wm. inspector of county police, Rumsom, Newport
Moon James, pawnbroker (and plate), Page's lane ; and
ironmonger ; h 76 High street ; and South Molton
Moore Albert Croydon, victualler, Railway Bell Hotel,
carriage proprietor and day waiter, The Quay
Moore Miss Ann, dressmaker, Pilton
Moore Henry, bootmaker and refreshment rooms, 32
Boutport street
Moore James, manure merchant, Tuly street ; and farmer ;
h Bishop's Tawton
Moore John, bootmaker, Pilton
Morris Edward Elliott, grocer & wine and spirit merchant,
84 High street
Mori-ison Robert Paul, surgeon dentist, 44 High street
Morrison Thos. watchmkr. silversmith & jewllr. 4 High st
Mortimer Mr John, Burlington villa, Newport
Mortimer Mrs Mary Gertrude, 6 Grosvenor terrace
Moseley Mrs Frances Maria, 9 Ebberly lawn
Mott Miss Mary Ann, 116 Boutport street
Moule Robert, butcher, 8-9 Butchers' row ; h Fremington
Mountjoy & Hancock, brushhandle manufacturers and
wood turners, Bradiford mills, Pilton
Moxham Dan, grocer and agent for Prudential Assurance
Society, Silver street
Mugford Bros, wine, spirit, ale and porter merchants,
Boutport street
Mugford Edward (Bros,); h Boutport street
MuUins William, fish dealer, Higher Maudlin street
Munro Mrs, Broadgate vilia, Pilton
Murch Thomas, ironmonger and pianoforte tuner; Bear st
Muxworthy William, victualler. Bee Hive, Green lane
Muxworthy William & Mrs Ann, master and matron.
Union Workhouse
National Provincial Bank of England, 86 High street ;
Thomas W. M. W. Guppy, manager
Neck Mrs Jane, Newport
Newcombe Miss Lizzie, confectioner, 1 7 Joy street
Nibloe James, travelling draper, 114 Boutport street
NicholLs Mrs Elizabeth, Newport
Nicholls William, bootmaker. Cross street
Nicklin Oliver Joseph, music seller and pianoforte dealer,
The Square
Nickolls Arthur, toy dealer, 91 Boutport street
Nickolls Arthur, grocer and farmer, Newport
Norman Christopher, wine, spirit, ale and porter mer-
chant, 95 Boutport street, and farmer, Goodleigh
Northcote Charles Edward, land surveyor and agent,
Bridge chambers, The Strand ; h South street, Newport
Northcote Miss Emily, toll collector, Lynton road
North Devon Advertiser, Boutport street ; John Jones &
Co. publishers and proprietors
North Devon Herald, 106 High street ; Robert A.Lawrence,
publisher {See Advertisement) .
North Devon Infirmary, Litchdon street; Miss Susan
Williams, matron
North Devon Journal, 95 High street; Avery & Hayman,
publishers and proprietors {See Advert Isemei/t)
Nott Mrs, Lynton road
Nuthall Miss Mary Jane, Clarence place, Newport
Nutt Anthony, edge tool maker, Bear street ; and Pilton
Oatway Charles, joiner, builder & contractor. Bear street
Oatway George, beerhouse, Hardaway Head
Oatway Mrs Mary, grocer and baker, Gaydon street
Oatway Thomas, baker, Pilton
Okes Mrs Augusta (Exors. of), 3 L^nion terrace
Oliver Mrs Betsey, grocer, Silver street
Oliver James, joiner and builder. Cross street
Oliver James Broom, blacksmith. Queen street
Oliver William Clement, architect and surveyor. Cross st
Osborne John Henry, plumber, tinplate worker and oil and
lamp dealer, Newport
Ovey George, bootmaker. Union strept
Page Chas. cigar merchant, chemist & druggist, 94 High st
Page George, victualler, Bristol Inn, Litchdon street
Palmer Cadwallader Edwards, solicitor, notary public,
commissioner for taking oaths in High Court of Justice,
deputy registrar of Barnstaple archdeaconry, and clerk
to commissioners of taxes for Braunton, Fremington and
Sherwell districts. Cross street
Palmer Francis Western, saddler, 33 High street
Parish Mrs Elizabeth, carrier. Trinity street
Parker Jno. chief clerk of inland revenue, 15 Alexandra pi
Parker John, bootmaker and fruiterer, Anchor lane
Parker John, postmaster, Cross street
Parkey Misses Amelia & Lucretia, 5 Vicarage terrace,
Vicarage street
Parkin Charles, bootmaker, Azes lane
Parkin George, butcher, 19 Butchers' row ; h Queen street
Parkin John, victualler, Golden Fleece, Tuly street
Parkin William, hairdresser & tobacconist, 57 Boutport st
Parkinson Mrs Arabella Emily, South street, Newport
Parks James, wine and spirit merchant, 72 High street
Parminter John, victualler. Angel Inn, and mason and
builder. The Quay
Parminter Mrs Mary, Pilton
Partridge James, chemist and druggist, 75 High street
Pascoe — , rope manufacturer, Newport
Pasmore Mrs Ann, grocer. Reform street
Pavey Samuel, chimney-sweeper. Princes street
Payne Thomas, draper, 67 High street
Peacock Mrs Agnes Holdin, Clarence place, Newport
Peake Edward, draper, 19 Joy street
Pearce Mrs Elizabeth, Boutport street
140
Sai-nHta/ple,
I
Pearco Thomas Arthur, bakor, Newport
Pearse George, milliner and draper, &c. 106 High street ;
h 3 Barbican terrace
Pearse George Blake, harbour master, shlpbroker and
shipping agent, The Quay
Pearse Mr James, 11 Taw Vale parade
Pedler Thomas, confectioner, Vicarage street
Peel Mrs Emily, 7 Orchard terrace, Newport
Pelling John, milliner, 18 and (h) 91 High street
Pengelly Mrs Mary Ann, watchmaker and silversmith,
7 High street
Penhale William, M.E.C.V.S. inspector Barnstaple district.
The Square ; h Litchdon street
Porkin James, mason, builder, house agent and agent for
Scottish National Ass. Co. Higher Maudlin street
Perrien John Henry, victualler, Park Hotel, and emigration
agent, Cooney bridge
Perryman Mr William, 4 Summerland place. Barbican
Peters Miss Grace, Bear street
Petter Charles Henry, bookkeeper. Bear street
Petter Mrs Charlotte, 112 Boutport street
Petter Edwin, maltster and corn, manure and seed mer-
chant, 6 Boutport street
Petter Hy. cabinetmaker (Shapland & P.) ; hEbberly lawn
Petter Miss Martha, 5 Alexandra place
Pettle Henry, coachbuilder, The Square ; and Queen street
Phillips George, butcher, 30 Boutport street
Phillips James, tailor, Holland street
Phillips Mrs Jane, grocer. Trinity street
Phillips Mrs Susan, grocer. Vicarage street
Phillips William, painter and paperhanger. Bear street
Pick Mr James Milford, 2 Orchard terrace, Newport
Pickard Mr Eobert, E.N., South street, Newport
Pickford & Co. railway carriers, 28 Joy street ; Seldou &
Mannings agents
Pike Eobert, joiner and builder, 61 High street
Pile William Webber, tailor and draper. Bear street
Pincombe Arthur, bootmaker, 48 Boutport street
Pinkett Mr Edward, M.A., Boutport street
Pitman James, toll collector. Mere Top gate, Pilton
Pitney Alfred, toy dealer, 44 Boutport street
Pitowsky Arnold, surgeon-dentist, 8 Boutport street ; h
Green close, Newport
Ponsford Mrs Mary, Pilton
Pope Joseph, mining engineer. Park villas
Popham Mrs Eliza, baker, A'icarage street
Popham Miss Susan, milliner, Azes lane
Porrin John, gardener, Eichmond street
Porter John, fishmongr. fruiterer & comsn. agent. Cross st
Porter Mr William, Pilton
Powning Thomas & Co. dyers and cleaners, 66 Hiijh street
Pratt Edward, chemist and oil and seed merchant, 85
High street ; and Cross street
Prendergast Miss Maria, dayschool, o Orchard ter. Newport
Prideaux George, timber merchant's manager, Holland
house, Holland street
Prideaux John, bootmaker, Pilton
Prideaux William, tailor and draper, o3 High street
Pridham William, coach and cab proprietor, Jivery stable
keeper & town carrier for L. & S. W. Ely. Co. 25 Joy st
Priest Eichard, bootmaker, Newington street
Puddicombe Miss Caroline Warren, teacher of languages,
music and dancing, Eichmond street
Puddicombe Mr Samuel Warren, Eichmond street
Pugsley Charles, carrier, Litchdon street
Pugsley Mrs Mary Ann, shopkeeper, Pilton
Pulsford John, builder and contractor, marble mason and
agent for Western Provident Association, 8 Ebberly ter
Purchase John, poulterer, Litchdon street
Pyke Mrs Susan, victualler. Green Dragon, 130 Boutport st
Quartly Mr James, 1 Newport terrace, Newport
Quick Mrs Elizabeth, grocer, 102 High street
Quick Mrs Mary, The Quay
Quick William, dairyman, Trinity street
Quick William Hean & Co. nurserymen, seed growers and
manure merchants, 3 Cross street ; & Broadwood Kelly
Eadford Joseph, cooper. South street, Newport
Eafarel Henry, gas rate collector, and agent for Norwich
and London Accidental Ins. Co. 3 Sunderland pi. Barbican
Eafarel William Claude, gasworks manager, Victoria road
Eafarel Mr William Joseph, Bear street
Eatcliflfe Edward, grocer and carpenter, Newport
Eatcliffe J. & Co. grocers and wine and spirit merchan
41 High street
Eatcliflfe James (J. & Co.) ; h 41 High street
Eawle, Gammon & Co. timber merchants, Eolle's quay
Eawle Samuel (E., Gammon & Co.), and victualler, Eolle's
Quay Inn, Eolle's quay ~
Eeader Frederick, shopkeeper, Gaydon street
Eedmore Miss Mary Ann, dressmaker. Bear street
Eeed Miss Harriet, dairykeeper, Eeform street
Eeed William Gore, collector of inland revenue, N<
villas, Victoria road
Eeeve John, schoolmaster, Pilton
Eew Charles, travelling draper and tailor, Litchdon str
Eice Andrew Steele, coach painter. Green In. ; h Vicarage
Eice Joshua Snell, wire worker and Venetian blind manu
facturer, 40 Boutport street
Eice Mrs Maria, Newport
Eice William Edward, clerk. South street, Newport
Eichards John, brewery manager, Newport road
Eichards Mrs Susan, victualler. Grapes, 7 Joy street
Eidd John, shopkeeper, Bradiford, Pilton
Eidd Miss Mary Frances, Eoman Catholic schoolmistress,
Church street
Eidd Thomas, farmer. Cross park, Pilton
Eidd William, butcher, 25 Butchers' row ; h Swimbridge,
Eidd William, bootmaker, Newport
Eobins Francis, shopkeeper, Pilton
Eock Jno. Boyle, commercial traveller, 8 Boutport street
Eock Miss Mary Eliz. teacher of music, 8 Boutport street
Eockhey John Fry, draper, 87 High street
Eouse Mrs Elizabeth, 1 3 Ebberly lawn
Eouse Miss Isabella, day & boarding schl. 13 Ebberly lawn
Eowe James, fishing tackle manufacturer, 62 High street
Eowe Mrs Mary, 2 Alexandra place
Eowe Mr William, 35 Boutport street
Eudall Edward, commercial traveller, Holland street
Eudall Henry, grocer, Trinity street
Eush Arthur & Co. milliners, tailors, & linen & -woollei
drapers, 9-10 Joy street
Eussell Eichard Bury,.J)auk manager, Swimbridge
Eussell Eev Thos. M.A. day & boarding school, Newpor
Eutty Eev. John (Congregational), 3 Newport terrace
'Nevrpovt
Sampson John, nurseryman (W.H.Quick& Co.); h Newpo
Sanders Mrs Ann Verney, grocer, Queen street
Sanders Henry, bootmaker, Litchdon street
Sanders Mrs Mary Ann, butcher, 22-3 Butchers' row
Gaydon street
Sanders Samuel, carpenter, Holland street
Sanders William, watchmaker & jeweller, 33 Boutport s
Sanders William, brushmaker, 5 The Strand
Sanders Wm. painter & paperhanger. Diamond street
Satterley Charles Hy., Blue Coat school master, North wall
Saunders John, butcher, 33 Butchers' row; h Lovacot
Fremington
Saunders Mrs Mary Ann, butcher, Butchers' row ; h
Gaydon street
Saunders Mr Eobert, Newport
Saxon Nathaniel, victualler, Eoyal & Fortescue Hob
and posting house, 61 Boutport street {See Advert.)
Scamp John, blacksmith, Lower Maudlin street
Scamp Eobert, tailor. Bear street
Scott Henry, painter, glazier, paperhanger, and oil, varnis
and colour merchant. Cross street
Seager Mrs Ann, Pilton
Searle Mrs Mary Ann, milliner, Tuly street
lad
I
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141
Se;irle S. & Co. printers, stationers, & bookbinders, 15
High street
Searle Samuel (S. & Co.) ; li 15 High street
Seklon Miss Albertina, victualler, Horse & Grroom, 41
J3outport street
Seldon Edwin, victualler, Globe Inn, Queen street
Scldon Miss Ellen Lavinia, dressmaker, Newport
Seldon James, dairyman, Holland street
Seldon John, cab proprietor (S. & Manning) and grocer
and Italian warehouseman, 21 Joy street
Seldon & Manning, cab proprietors & agents for Pickford
& Co., &c. 28 Joy street
Seldon Miss Mary, shopkeeper, Trinity street
Seldon Mrs Susan, vict. Carpenters' Arms, Vicarage street
Seldon Thomas Prescott, wine, spirit, ale, and porter
merchant and maltster, 108 Boutport street
Seldon William, lodgings, 125 Boutport street
Seldon William, grocer and bootmaker, Newport
Seldon Wm. Henry, currier & leather merchant, Queen st.
Sellick John, eating house, 59 Boutport street
Sellick John, watchmaker, Holland st. ; h Pago's lane
Serge Mrs Eosina, umbrella maker, Queen street
Sewell Rev James, Victoria road
Sexon John, butcher, 5-6 Butchers' row ; and (h) Newport
Seymour Eev Albert Eden, M.A. vicar, Vicarage street
Shaddick John, postmaster, Newport
Shaddick Philip, rope maker, Gaydon street
Shaddick Richard, shopkeeper, Green lane
Shapland Miss Emma, dressmaker, Litchdon street
Shapland Mr George, Broad meadow, Newport
Shapland Henry (S. & Petter) ; h Raleigh, Pilton
Shapland John, M.R.C.V.S., veterinary surgeon, The Quay
Shapland John, medical assistant, Magdala cottage,
Barbican road
Shapland John Griffiths, grocer, Trinity street
Shapland Miss Mary Ann, 8 New buildings
Shapland & Petter, cabinet makers, and mahogany, veneer,
and fancy wood merchants, Raleigh, Pilton
Sheep market, Castle street
Shore John & Son, butchers, farmers, and dairymen, and
agents for Sutton and Co. 26 Boutport street
Shorland Mrs Ann, 2 Union terrace
Sillifant Henry, joiner and builder. Higher Maudlin street
Skinner Miss Ann, Newport
Skinner John, dairyman, 5 Salem terrace
Sleath Mr William James, Cott house, Newport
Slee William, baker, Holland street
Slocombe Mrs Mary Ann, vict. Swan Inn, Holland street
Sloman Geo. baker, confectioner, & flour dealer, 27 Joy st.
Smale William Henry, shopkeeper, Azes lane
Smalldon Mrs Maria, Alma terrace
Smalldon Miss Maria, day school. Alma terrace
Smallridge Samuel, poulterer, 87 Boutport street
Smitli Bros, tanners, Boutport street and Swimbridge
Smith James Lancaster, cabinet maker, South st. Newport
Smith John (Bros.); h Swimbridge
Smith William (Bros.) ; h Swimbridge
Smith William Otter, lime merchant (Lauder & S.); h
Well close, Lj'nton road
Smith W. H. & Son, booksellers, The Quay, and London;
J. W. Cockrell, agent
Smyth Miss Susan, schoolmistress, Pilton
Smyth William, tailor, draper, hatter, and outfitter, 25 &
81-2 High street; h 1 Orchard terrace. Newport
Smyth Zachariah, coach builder, auctioneer, mining, and
estate agent, manure merchant, and district manager for
Great Britain Ins. Co. 63 High street ; and Tuly street
Snook Francis, decorator and sign writer, Bedford row
Snow Mr Charles, 8 Alexandra place
I Snow Mrs Elizabeth, corset manufacturer, 12 High street
\ Snow Mrs Mary (Exors, of), shopkeeper, Bear street
i Somerfield Richard, telegraph clerk, Gaydon street
I Somerfield William, victualler, Stag's Head, Bear street
\ Spurway Miss Elizabeth, hosier, Pilton
Spurway George, dairyman, Pilton
Spurway Henry (H. & W.) ; h Bradiford, Pilton
Spurway H. & W, woolstaplers and fellmongers, Lady well
yard, Pilton
Spurway William (H. & W.) ; h Bradiford, Pilton
Squire David, blacksmith. Diamond street
Squire Miss Priscilla, mistress Brethern school; h 4
Grosvenor street
Squires Daniel, clothes dealer, Holland street
Stamp Office, Cross street; Henry K. Thome, distributor
Stark Mrs Alicia, 14 Ebberly lawn
Stephenson Rev William (Wesleyan), 4 Nelson terrace
Stevens James, hatter and agent for British Workman
Assurance Company, 4 Higher Maudlin street
Stevens John, baker, 8 1 Boutport street
Stevens Rev Richard (Baptist, retired), 3 Nelson street
Stevens Robert, marine store dealer. Queen street
Stevens Samuel, tailor, Holland street
Stevens Thomas, greengrocer and fruiterer, Newport
Stevens Mr Thomas Howell, 5 Trafalgar lawn
Steward Mr George, Bradiford, Pilton
Stewart Chas. bank clerk, Newport terrace, Newport
Stewart John & David, woollen drapers, 36 Boutport st
Stiif Mrs Charlotte, Litchdon street
Stone Fredk. butcher, 4 Butchers' row ; h Hardaway Head
Stone Mr Richard, Newport
Stone Wm. vict. Red Cow, and dairyman, Holland street
Stoneman Mr John, 10 Pulchrass street
Stout Miss Ellen Hebden, 1 Richmond terrace
Stoyle James, victualler, Stafford Arms, Trinity street
Stoyle John, travelling draper, Littabourne, Pilton
Strewin Miss Elizabeth, Richmond street
Stribling John, master mariner, Holland street
Stri])ling Thomas, bootmaker, The Square
Summerfield James, grocer and victualler, Windsor Hotel,
Bradiford, Pilton
Summers Thomas, baker, Queen street
Summers William, baker, Queen street
Sutton Mr Thomas, Rosebank, Rumsom, Newport
Swift Captain George, Portland villas, Victoria road
Symons Chas. timber & coal mert. Mallett's row, Queen st
Symons Fredk. auctioneer (S. & Son) ; h 37 Boutport st
Symons George, carpenter, Gaydon street
Symons John, foreman, 6 The Strand
Symons John, rope mfr. (S. & Son), & tailor. Bear street
Symons Richard, grocer and coal dealer, Vicarage street
Symons Robert Spicer, grocer & carpntr. 1 Alexandra pi.
Symons Samuel, solicitor's managing clerk, Pilton
Symons & Son, auctioneers, house agents, cabinetmakers,
and upholsterers, 37 Boutport street
Symons & Son, rope & twine manufacturers. Bear street
Symons Stephen, vict. George Hotel, 77 Boutport street
I Symons Thomas, foreman, Trinity street
i Symons Thomas, timber merchant's manager
! Symons Wm. rope, »&c. mfr. (S. & Son) ; h Bear street
I Symons Wm., F.C.S., pharmaceutical chemist, 26 Joy st
I Tamlyn Miss Elizabeth, Pilton
I Tamplyn Mrs Margaret, Bear street
I Tanner Misses Elizabeth & Charlotte, Newport ter.Newport
Tanner John, tailor and draper, Newport
I Tanner William, saddler, Pilton
Tarr William, victualler, King's Arms (commercial and
agricultural) Hotel, 30 High street
Taylor Richard, butcher, 3 Butchers' row ; h Vicarage st
Thomas Miss Ann, Pilton
Thomas Frederick, hatter, 79 High street, and Plymouth
and (h) Exeter
Thomas George, builder's manager, Pilton
Thomas John Davey, postmaster &joiner & builder, Pilton
Thomas William, foreman, Alma terrace
Thorn Richard, clerk, Inland Revenue office, Bridge
chambers. Strand
ThornbyMrs Susan, confctnr.& sugar boiler, 66 Boutport st
Thorne Charles, foreman wood turner, Barbican
1¥2
13a.i:*nRta.ple,
Thorne David, victualler, Nag's Head, Anclior lane
Thorno Mr George van Straubenzee, Newport
Thorne Hy. King, stamp distributor, high bailiff of County
Court, boro' treasunsr, & agt. for Koyal Ins. Co., Cross st
Thorne John Arnold, solicitor, clerk to Barnstaple District
Highway Board, toMorthoe School Board, and to Lynton
Local Board, and commissioner in all courts, Castle st
Thorno Miss Mary (Exors. of), Pilton
Thorne Richard, blacksmith, Bradiford, Pilton
Thorne Richard (T. & Woolway) ; h Rolle's quay
Thorne Thos. butcher, Butchers' row; h South st. Newport
Thorne & Woolway, coach builders, Green lane
Toller John Heni-y (T. & Sou), and deputy coroner for the
county, jvnd clerk of the peace for the borough, 26
Barbican terrace
Toller & Son, solicitors, secretaries to Devon and Exeter
Savings Bank, & agts. forLondon Ass. Co.,5Boutportst
Toller William Henry (T.& Son), and superintendent regis-
trar, clerk to Guardians and Taw and Torridge Fishery
Conservancy Board ; h 4 Boutport street
Toms Samuel, shopkeeper, Lower Church street
Tozer Bononid, farmer. Pit farm, Pilton
Trehane Miss Priscilla Hannah Moyes, 4Ebberly lawn
Tremeer John Joseph, chemist and druggist, and oil and
colour man, 65 Boutport street
Trestam John, glass and china dealer, Joy street
Tripe Francis William, draper, 32 High street
Tucker Edward, fruiterer, Vicai-age street
Tucker Miss Elizabeth, farmer, Maidenford, Lynton road
Tucker Ephraim John, boot factor and Great Western
Railway station master, 63 Boutport street
Tucker Miss May, lodgings, 7 Ebberly terrace
Tucker Mr Philip, Reform street
Tucker Pitts John Tom, solicitor, Bridge chambers ; h
Square terrace, The Square
Tucker Stephen, wheelwright, Bradiford, Pilton
Turner Frederick, bootmaker, Pilton
Turner Mrs Jane, grocer, Silver street
Turner John, cabinet maker & upholsterer, 129 Boutport st
Turner John Coham, secretary and dispenser, Dispensary,
Boutport street
Turner Mr John Thorne, Littabourne, Pilton
Tyle Bros, drapers and silk mercers, 6 Joy street
Tyle Mrs Mary, dressmaker, 14 Boutport street
Tyle Samuel (Bros.) ; h 14 Boutport street
Tyle Thomas (Bros.) ; h 6 Joy street
Unio7i Workhouse, Alexandra place ; William and Mrs A.
Muxworthy, master and matron
Yellacott Humphrey, draper, 21 High street
Vellacott Mr AVilliam, 2 Ebbei'ly terrace
Venning Thomas, victualler, Ebberly Arras, Bear street
Verney John Palmer, baker, confectioner and refreshment
room, 105 High street ; h Hfracombe
Veysey Mrs Priscilla, 1 1 Pulchrass street
Vicary George Henry, fish, fruit and game dealer and
commission agent, 69 Boutport street
Vicary John, confectioner, 38 High st., & builder, Pilton
Vicary Richard, relieving officer for Ilfracome district and
registrar of births and deaths for Braunton district, and
collector for guardians. Rose hill, Pilton
A^ickery Christopher, waterworks turncock, Reservoir
house, Pilton
Vickery George, baker, Belle meadow. Silver street
Vickery Geo. Andrew, grocer & elk. of works. Vicarage st
Vickery Jas. Dallyn, photographer, Victoria hs. The Strand
Vickery Richard, currier and leather mercliant, Cross st
Vile John, victualler. Golden Anchor, Holland street
Vile William Pinkham, vict. King's Head, 31 Boutport st
Wadham Thomas, grocer and bootmaker, Litchdon street
Wagner Mr John Henry, 7 Taw Vale parade
Wainwright Thomas, head master. Grammar school ; h 8
Ebberly lawn
Waldon George, teacher of music, Trinity street
Wall William, chair maker, Cross street
]
i.st
•5t
Ward James, blacksmith and belUianger, Joy street
Warren Misses Emma & Sarah, lodgings, Quay ho
The Quay
Warren John, clerk, 7 Pulchrass street
Watts Misses Eliza & Ellen, dressmkrs. Bradiford, Pilton
Watts Henry, butcher, 12 Butchers' row; h Goodleigh
Watts John, grocer, Boutport street
Watts Thomas, butcher, 15 Butchers' row ; h Reform st
Webb Cornelius Edwd. inland revenue officer, Pulchrass st
AVebb Edward, assistant overseer, Grosvenor street
Webb Mrs Julia, lodgings, 6 Alexandra place
Webber Mr James, 13 New buildings
Webber James Ambrose, tailor and draper. Cross street
Webber Richard and Mrs Annie, governor and matro;
Borough Prison, Castle street
Webber William, bootmaker, Reform street
AVebster Charles, hairdresser. Queen street
AVeeks Miss Mary Ann, National schoolmistress. North w]
Welch William, chimney-sweep & umbrella mkr. Queen .st
Wescombe Misses Mary & Jane, ladies' day schl. Bear st
Wescombe Mr Thomas, Bear street
Westacott Misses Betsey and Sally, milliners. The Squa]
Westacott John (AV. & Sons) ; li 2 Taw A^ale parade
AVestacott John, clothier. Queen street ,
AVestacott John, blacksmith, Litchdon street
AVestacott Mrs Sarah, baker & confcctionr. Paternoster row
Westacott & Sons, shipbuilders and saw mill proprietors,
Bridge wharf, Barnstaple junction
AVestacott AVilliam (W. & Sons) ; h 4 Taw A^ale parade
Westacott William (W. & Sons) ; h Newport
AVestacott William, shopkeeper, Belle meadow, Silver st
West of England and South Wales District Bank, The
Square and Bristol (draw on Glyn, Mills & Co.) ;
Richard Bury Russell, manager
AVhaites James, supt. Prudential Ass. Co. 4 Pulchrass st
Whitchelo Henry, medical assistant. 111 Boutport street
Whitchurch Mr Frederick, Trafalgar lawn
Wliite George, bootmaker, 105 Boutport street
W^hite Miss Harriet, Pilton
White John Lee, bootmaker, 88 High street
White Richard, collector. Custom house ; h Instow
AVhitefield Mrs Frances, 109 Boutport street
AVilkie George, shopkeeper, Garden court. Queen street
AVilkins George, hatter's manager, Grosvenor ;Street
Wilkins Mrs Mary Ann, lodgings, Bear street
Williams Benjamin, monumental mason, Queen street
Williams Charles Henry, Esq. J.P. Pilton house, Pilton
AVilliams Edwin, district manager for Royal Liver Frien "
Society, Pilton
AVilliams Airs Eliza, 4 Ebberly lawn
AVilliams Hy. Rcdmore, furnishing & general ironmon
sewing machine agt. & agricl. implement dlr. lOHig]
Williams Miss Susan, matron, North Devon Infirmary
Williams Mr Thomas, Gaydon street
Willmets Robert Perry, ironmonger's asst. 1 New buildi
Wills Mr John, Hawley, Alctoria road
AVills AVilliam, draper, 109 High street
AVills Mr William Henry Pearce, 2 New buildings
AVillshire Charles Sweet, wholesale ironmonger and i
and l)rass founder, Barnstaple foimdry, Newport ; h
Nelson terrace, Newport
AVilson Mrs, 4 Orchard terrace, Newport
Winter William, brush & mop manufacturer, 1 The Q
Wivell Richard, vict. Brewery Tap, Taw Vale parade
WoUen Francis, watchmaker, Anclior In. & (h) Holland st
AVood James, toll collector, Bradiford, Pilton
AVooIacott Miss, refreshment room proprietor, Barnstaple
junction station ; h High street
AVooIacott Mrs Jane Lovering, Castle street
AVoolway John, coach bldr. (Thorne & AV.) ; h Rolle's qiiay
Worth William, grocer, 23 Joy street
AVreford George, agricultural implement manfr. Newport
Wright Mrs Mary, shopkeeper, AVells street
Yates Mr John, Pilton
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r>evoiisliii"e4
143
Yeo, Dennis & Co. grocers, wine, spirit, ale & porter merts.
& agts. for Liverpool & London &Globe Ins. Co. The Quay
Yeo George, grocer & boro' inspector of nuisances, Newport
Yeo Henry, corn merchant, 2 Salem terrace
Yeo James, tailor and draper, Boutport street
Yeo Miss Mary Ann, 3 Kichmond terrace
Yeo Samuel, brewer and maltster, 113 Boutport street
Yeo William (Y., Dennis & Co.) ; h Tawstock
Yeo "William, butcher, 7 Butchers' row ; h Vicarage street
Youatt James, grocer, Gaydon street, and butcher, 24
Butchers' row
Youings James, sexton of parish church. Anchor lane
Youings "William (Wm. & Sons), fancy and toy dealer, and
servants register office, 64 High street
Youings William & Sons, monumental masons and stone
cutters. Bear street
Young Miss Charlotte, 12 Barbican terrace
Young John Dennis (J. D. & Son) ; h 9 Taw Vale parade
Young J. D. & Son, iron and brass founders, bar iron and
steel merchants, plumbers, ironmongers, agricultural
implement raanufs. and agents for Gen. In. Co. Silver st
Young William (J. D. & Son) ; h 9 Taw Vale parade
CABRIEBS.
BiDEFORD, Parish, The Square, daily
Bratton Fleming, Parkin, White Horse, Tues. & Friday
Braunton, Gammon, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, & Sat
CoMBMARTiN, Willis, King's Arms, Tuesday and Friday
Fremington, Parish, The Square, daily
Hatherleigh, Bowman, Shipwrights' Arms, Tues. & Fri
Instow, Parish, The Square, daily
Parracombk, Seymour, Barley Mow Inn, Tues. and Friday
South Molton, Gould, Bell Inn, daily ; and Manning, Bell
Inn, Tuesday and Friday
Stratton, Guest, Bell Inn, Friday
West Buckland, Perrin, White Horse, Tuesday & Friday
BEAFORD, a parish and pleasant village on the eastern acclivity of the Torridge valley^ 5 miles S.E.
of Great Torrington, is in Torrington union, county court district and deanery, Great Torrington petty
sessional division, Torrington polling district of North Devon, Shebbear hundred, and Barnstaple arch-
deaconry. It had 619 inhabitants (282 males, 337 females) in 1871, living in 12/> houses on 3203 acres of land.
The parish includes Abbots Hill, Woolleigh, and Upcott. The Rev. C. W. Furse is lord of the manor, but
Woolly or Woolleigh Barton is a separate manor, 2 miles from the village, belonging to Sir T. D. Acland,
and on this estate are remains of an ancient chapel. Upcott Farm, the property and residence of Thomas
W. Snell, Esq., had anciently a chapel attached, but no traces of it are now to be seen. The Church (St.
George) is an ancient structure in various styles of architecture, and is about to be restored. The south aisle
has a fine old carved roof. The tower, with spire, is on the north side, and contains three bells. The font
is Norman. The living, a rectory, valued in K.B. at £11 15.5. 7|c?., and now at £300, is in the patronage of
the Rev. C. Wood, B. A., and incumbency of the Rev. IT. J. Marshall, who has a residence, built in 1853.
The tithes are commuted at £244 a year, and there are 75 acres of glebe. The Baptists and Bible
Christians have small chapels here. A Church School, with teacher's residence, was erected in 1870, on
a site given by Miss Arnold, and has an average attendance of 80 pupils. The parish clerk has the free use
of a house and six acres of land.
Post and Money Order Office and Savings Bank at Mr. .John Westcott's. Letters are received at
45 a.m., and despatched at 6.45 p.m.
Arnold George, yeoman, North Hare
' , path
'Ashplant William, shoemaker
Ashton John (Thomas & Son)
Ashton Thos.& Son, tailors & drapers
Chammings James, farmer, Coombe
Cornelius Richard, ironmonger and
glass and china dealer
Friend William, farmer and chandler
Heard Arthur, oil and lamp dealer and
builder
Heard John, blacksmith
Heard Silas, blacksmith
Heard William, vict. Gunsmiths' Arms
Hearn Mr James, Green Warren
Hearn Thomas, farmer. Green Warren
Hooper Rowland, farmer, RamsclifF
Isaac Thomas, boot and shoe maker
Jury Robert, wheelwright
Knapman Miss Agnes Arnold, draper
and grocer
Leverton William, yeoman, Woodleigh
Luxton Robert, farmer, Canns Down
Lyiie John & Son, farmers, Scriggings
Marke William, yeoman, Abbotts hill
Marshall Rev Henry James, rector.
The Rectory
Pickard Jas. farmer, Mount Pleasant
Pincombe John, farmer and miller,
Woodleigh mill
Puddicombe Robert, farmer, Trevilla
Quick Thomas, farmer, Bedford moor
Shearm Thomas, yeoman South
Hare path
Snell John, farmer and landowner,
Brealeys
Snell Thomas Webber, farmer and
landowner, Upcott Barton
Snell William & John, millers, far-
mers and maltsters, Beaford mill
Trick William & Henry, farmers,
Handford Towell
Weeks John & Henry, farmers, Hole
Westcott Geo. maltster &vict. Globe
Westcott John draper, grocer, post-
master and parish clerk
AVinser Thomas Holman, National
school master
BEAWORTHY, a village and parish among the hills, 8 miles S.W. of Hatherleigh, is in Okehampton
union, county court district, and rural deanery, Hatherleigh petty sessional division, Southern division ot the
county, Black Torrington hundred, a,nd Totnes archdeaconry. It had 284 inhabitants (145 males, 139 females)
in 1871, living in 48 houses, on 3086 acres of land. Most of the soil belongs to Sir William Molesworth,
but part to the Ven. Archdeacon Woollcombe, S. Asser, Esq., and others. The South Western Railway line
from Okehampton to Holdsworthy will pass through this parish. The Church (St. Alban) is a small antique
structure, in the Early English style, consisting of chancel, nave, and tower containing three bells. The
church was thoroughly restored in 1871, at a cost of nearly £500, defrayed by subscription, when the ediiice
was newly roofed, and a good part of the fabric itself rebuilt. The register dates from 1759. The rectory,
Talued in K.B. at £6 6s., is in the patronage and incumbency of the Rev. Frederick A. Willis, D.l)., who
has a residence, built in 1846, and a glebe of 68 acres of poor land. The tithes are commuted for £150 a year.
The Bible Christians have a commodious chapel here. A School Board for the united district of Hal-
•well and Beaworthy was formed on April 23, 1875. (See Halwell.) The Board built a school in 1876-7 at
a cost of £350, borrowed from Government.
Letters via Exbourne. Hatherleigh is the nearest Money Order Office. There is a Wall Letter Box
at Beaworthy town, cleared at 12 noon week days only. Ashbury is the nearest Railway Station.
144
Bailey Richard & "Walter, farmers,
Boawortliy town
Glass Hy. farmer, Weeks-in-the-Moor
Harris Miss Mary Ann, Board school-
mistress
Harry John, mason and shopkeeper,
Patcheeott
Harry John, farmer, Patcheeott
Harry John, farmer, Hole
Harry Josiah, farmer, Madworthy
Harry Robert, farmer and parish
clerk, Tuchenor
Harry Thomas, farmer, Madworthy
BEER. (See Seaton.)
B ea>voi:*tliy ,
Horn Mrs Mary, farmer and miller,
Beaworthy mill
Hatchings Danl. farmer, Beaworthy tn
James Richard, farmer, Coxwall
Jordan William, carpenter, Polehays
Lashhrook Benj. carpenter, Polehays
Palmer Roger, farmer, Venn Barton
Ross John, farmer, Beaworthy town
iSleeman Samuel, blacksmith, Bea-
worthy town
.Symons Oliver, farmer, Beaworthy tn
Tickle Evan, farmer, manure mer-
chant & implement dlr. Patchacott
Tickle Thomas, farmer and
merchant, Prestacott
Voaden Mrs Joanna, farmer, Burdon
Wakeham John, vict. Broadbury Hoti
Wakeham Thomas, farmer, Mansditci
Warren Mrs Matilda, shopkeepe;
Beaworthy town
Westlake Mrs Susannah, miller, Wig-
don mill
White Marwood, carpenter, Summer
town
Willis Rev Frederick Augustus, D
rector, The Rectory
1
BEERFERRIS, or Bereferrers, is a parish on the western bank of the navigable river Tavy, 2 miles
above the confluence of the estuary of the Taraar, 8 miles N. by W. of Plymouth, and 9|- miles S. of Tavis-
tock. Its parish, which is in Tavistock unioD, county court district, rural deanery, and petty sessional
division, in the Southern division of the county, Roborough hundred, and Totnes archdeaconry, had 2050
inhabitants (1951 males, 1009 females) in 1871, living in 4o7 houses, on 6038 acres, inclusive of 950 acres
of water. It is bounded on the east and west by the tidal waters of the Tamar and Tavy, terminating in a
point at their confluence, and includes the village of Beerferris, or, as it is commonly called Beertown, and
the ancient disfranchised borough of Beer Alston. The parish is noted for producing immense quantities of
apples, cherries, strawberries, gooseberries, currants, &c., and the finest cider ; and at Gawton is a large tree
which, in a good season, has borne 1000 lbs. weight of cherries. At Weir Quay are extensive smelting works,
and in the neighbourhood are several lead and tin mines, yielding a large portion of silver. The manor of
Beerferris was given by the Conqueror to Alenson, from whom Beer Alston took the latter part of its name ;
but in the reign of Henry II. it belonged to the ancient family of Ferrers. In 1337, Sir William de Ferrers
had a licence to castellate the manor house, in which the Lords Willoughby de Broke afterwards resided, and
had a park here. The Earl of Mount Edgcumbe is now lord of the manor, and owner of a great part of the
parish. The manor of Ley or Legh, was long held by the Ley family, but now belongs to Sir T. T. F. E.
Drake, Bart., and part of the parish belongs to a few smaller freeholders. The Church (St. Andrew) is an
ancient structure, mostly in the Decorated style, with later additions, consisting of nave, chancel, north and
south transepts, south aisle to nave and chancel, and an embattled tower, containing six bells. It was
thoroughly restored in 1871. The old oak benches, with carved ends, in a very good state of preservation,
were retained to form seats in the nave and aisle ; there is also part of a decorated screen, probably the rood-
screen, now separating the chancel. The church contains some antique monuments of the Ferrers and
Champernownes, and others of more modern date ; one is a beautiful doubk-recessed Easter sepulchre, with
effigies of Sir John Ferrers and his lady. The rectory, valued in K.B. at £24 Is. O^f/., and in 1831 at £800,
is in the patronage of the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, and incumbency of the Rev. Frederic T. W. Wintle,
who has 148a. 3r. Ir, of glebe, and a large and handsome rectory house, built in 1837 by the late Rev. Sir
Frederick Shelley, Bart., in the Elizabethan style. The tithes are commuted for £750 a year. Twelve houses
and gardens, worth £60 a year, have been long vested for the repairs, &c. of the church. The Wesleyans
have two chapels here, and the W^esleyan Reformers, Independej^ts and Bible Christians one each.
Beer Alstox, a small ancient town and disfranchised borough, in the parish of Beerferris, is plea-
santly situated on a gentle eminence, overlooking the vales of the Tamar and Tavy, on the east and west, and
distant about 3 miles N. of the parish church, and 6^- miles S. of Tavistock. It first sent two members to
Parliament in the 27th of Elizabeth, and was disffanchised by the Reform Act of 1832. The right of elec-
tion was in those who had land in the borough and paid 3f7. acknowledgment to the lord of the manor, who
varied the number of electors at his pleasure, by granting burgage- tenures to as many of his own partisans
as might be necessary. The^e newly made burgage-tenures were usually resigned as soon as the election was
over. The portreeve, elected annually at the lord's court, was the returning officer. In the neighbourhood
are the Tamar, the East and Soutli Tamar, and the Valletort Consols lea^ mines, and two large smelting
works, which yield a profitable proportion of silver. The lead mines here are said to have yielded 16 cwt. of
silver during three years in the reign of Edward I. The market is now only held on Saturday evenings, for
the sale of provisions, &c. In or about 1294, Beer Alston had a grant for a market every Wednesday, and a
fair at the festival of St. Andrew, but they have long been obsolete. A chapel, built here in the reign of
Edward III. was afterwards used as the parish workhouse, and is now a coal store. A neat Chapel or Ease.
to Beerferris, was erected, here in the Early English style, in 1848, by the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, in
which service is performed twice on Sundays. The Rev. S. T, Serle is the curate. The Independents have
a small chapel, built in 1809; and there is one belonging to the Wesleyans. The parish Free School,
for 16 poor children, was founded in the 17th century by Sir John Maynard, law-serjeant to Cromwell and
Charles II., who endowed it with a house and garden for the master, and with 5 acres of land, worth about
£21 a year. This school has lately been enlarged and rebuilt to accommodate 210 girls and infants, at a cost
of £700 ; and there is a separate Boys' School, built in 1853, as a Church of England School. At Bere
Town is a small National School. Schools are attached to each of the three chapels, and here is a small
parochial library.
Letters through Roborough to Beer Town. Tavistock is the neirest Money Order Office. There is a
Wall Letter Box, cleared at 3.20 p.m. week days only. Post Office, Beer Alston, at Mr. James
iDevoiJLsliire .
145
Kichard's. Letters are received from Roboroiigh at 8.50 a.m., and despatched at 3.20 p.m. Tavistock is the
nearest Money Order Office.
Ball Henry, farmer, Beer Alston
Ball Mr John, Beer Alston
Ball Samuel, carrier, Hole's hole, Beer
Alston
Ball Wm. farmer, Barn, Beer Alston
Barrett William H. master of Boys'
school. Beer Alston
Bloye James, farmer, Hallowell
Boaor Miss Henrietta
Bray Samuel, baker. Beer Alston
Bray Thos. frmr. Battens, Beer Alston
Brealey Samuel, wheelwright
Brighton Geo. farmer, Buttspill, Beer
Alston
Brighton Henry, forester to the Earl
of Mount Edgcumbe, Grold street
cottage. Beer Alston
Brighton Henry Nelson, fai*mer, Col-
lins, Beer Alston.
Brown Mrs Eliz. shpkpr. Beer Alston
Channon Sampson, farmer, Lockeridge,
Beer Alston
Clifton William, farmer, Collytown
Clifton William, farmer, New house
Cobbett Mr William, Tamar house.
Beer Alston
Cole Thos. shopkeeper & shoemaker,
Beer Alston
Creber Richd. farmer, Little Gawton,
Beer Alston
Cudlip John, baker
Cudlip Robert, baker and carrier
Dawe Thomas, farmer and carrier,
Tuckermarsh, Beer Alston
Dennis Jas. shpkpr. Cotts, Beer Alston
Dodd John, farmer, Hell well, Eum-
leigh. Beer Alston
Dodd Wm. farmer, Eumleigh, Beer
Alston
Down James, shoemaker. Beer Alston
Eastwick William, carpenter & shop-
keeper, Beer Alston
?oot Mr Jacob, Beer Alston
?rise Mrs Sophia, shopkeeper & vict.
Commercial Inn, Beer Alston
?uge James, victualler, Plough Inn
Juge William, mason. Beer Alston
?uge William, butcher
Tale John, farmer, Gnattam
lerman William, farmer. North Ward,
Beer Alston
jHll Mr Reginald Butler Edgcumbe,
\ Ward house, Beer Alston
I loss William, farmer, Anderton
Hreet John, shoemaker
Iribben Mrs Elizabeth, victualler,
Victoria Inn, Beer Alston
ruest George, market gardener, Grove
cottage, Beer Alston
lamley Charles Baskerville, timber
merchant
lamlyn Mrs, farmer, B launders,
; Beer Alston
' ilill Rev William (Independent), Beer
1 Alston
Jackson John, yeoman, Clamock
James Henry, miller, Denhambridge,
Beer Alston
James William, victualler, Passage
Inn, Beer Alston
Jasper Mrs Mary, farmer, Warren,
Beer Alston
Jenkin Miss Catherine, schoolmistress
Kingdom William, farmer, Under-
ways, Beer Alston
Knill Thomas, gardener and parish
clerk, Well
Lane William, farmer. Lower Rum-
leigh. Beer Alston
Langman Mrs Ann, farmer and iron-
monger. Beer Alston
Langman James, farmer and l)utcher,
Beer Alston
Langman James, jun. shopkeeper,
Beer Alston
Langman Nicholas,butcher,BeerAlston
Langman Robt.frmr. Ley, Beer Alston
Langman William, farmer, Slymeford,
Beer Alston
Langman William, farmer, Furse hill.
Beer Alston
Lillicrapp Jno. blacksmth. Beer Alston
LuxmoreMissMary,shpkpr.BeerAlston
Maddeford Richard, tailor, mercer, &c.
Beer Alston
Martin Richard, farmer, Rumleigh,
Beer Alston
Matters Richard, farmer, Wollacombe,
Beer Alston
Matthews, Mrs Jane, farmer, South
Birch, Beer Alston
Matthews Robert, farmer, Down
Maynard Miss Thomazine Toll, haber-
dasher, Beer Alston
Mill Edward, farmer, Cleve
Nascent Copper Works Co. (lim.),
Ware quay, Beer Alston
Norrish John, M.R.C.S., LS.A., sur-
geon and medical officer of health,
Beer Alston
Northcott Mrs A. National school-
mistress. Beer Town
Oliver George, farmer, New park
Paul Joseph, shopkeeper, Beer Alston
Parker Mrs Catherine, Gix'ls' day
school. Beer Alston
Parker John, farmer, Beer Alston
Pascoe Mrs Dinah, shpkpr. Beer Alston
Paynter William, shopkeeper
Pengelly John.victualler, TamarHotel,
Hole's hole, Beer Alston
Perkins George, surveyor, Hewton,
Beer Alston
Perry Mrs Ann, shpkpr. Beer Alston
Procter Joseph, shopkeeper
Procter Oliver, tax collector & assist-
ant overseer
Reddecliffe Jas. shpkpr. Beer Alston
Redstone William, carrier, Tucker-
marsh, Beer Alston
Rich John, farmer, Easonage, Beer
Alston
Richards James, blacksmith, shop-
keeper, & postmaster. Beer Alston
Richards John, carpenter. Beer Alston
Richards John basket maker, Hole's
hole. Beer Alston
Roberts Mrs Catherine, Infant school-
mistress
Roberts Mrs Priscilla, farmer,Hewton,
Beer Alston
Roseyoare John Williams, farmer,
Shutcombe
Rowe Mrs Betsey, Rose cottage, Beer
Alston
Rowe & Co. grocers, Beer Alston
Rowe Oliver Martyn, farmer, Hel-
stone. Beer Alston
Rowe Richd. frmr. Philley, Beer Alston
Rowe Richard, farmer, Beer Alston
Rule Richard, farmer. Beer Alston
Saunders Samuel, shopkeeper
Serle Rev Samuel Thomas, curate.
Beer Alston
Skewes Samuel Dawe, grocer and
druggist. Beer Alston
Sleep James, shoemaker. Beer Alston
Sleep John, shoemaker. Beer Alston
Smith Mrs Mary, victualler, Edg-
cumbe Arms, Beer Alston
Sobey Hy. haberdasher, Beer Alston
Sprague Chas. seedsman. Beer Alston
Spurr Richard, farmer. Hole
Spurrell Henry, tailor. Beer Alston
Spurrell Mrs Mary Ann, draper, Beer
Alston
Toll Mr Edward Mill, Beer Alston
Toll Mrs Emma Sophia, Beer Alston
Toll Mr John, Parsonage farm
Trevethan John, farmer. Stone
Trevethan Jph. farmer, Beer Barton
Vicary Lawrence, farmer, Hallowell
cottage
Walters Richard, blacksmith
Waycott John, nurseryman, Hewton,
Beer Alston
Westlake Isaiah, blacksmith
Westlake Thomas, brickmaker, Rum-
leigh, Beer Alston ; and Calstock,
Cornwall
Westlake Wm. carpenter, Beer Alston
White Christopher, victualler, Cornish
Arms, Beer Alston
Wilcocks John, farmer, Whitsom,
Beer Alston
Wilcocks Mrs Mary, shopkeeper. Beer
Alston
Wills Mrs Martha, farmer. Birch
Beer Alston
Wintle Rev Frederic Thomas William
M.A., rector, The Rectory
Carriers. — To Tavistock, William
Redstone, Friday; Thomas Dawe,
Tuesday and Friday.
Market Boats to Devonport, Tues-
day, Thursday, and Saturday
BELSTON, or Belstone, is a parish and small villap:e picturesquely seated 2^ miles S.E. of Oke-
ampton, at the northern extremity of Dartmoor Forest, between and near the sources of the rivers Taw
id East Okement, where there are many rocky tors and highly interesting Druidical remains. Its parish,
hich is in Okehampton union, county court district, and rural deanery, Hatherleigh petty sessional division,
146 Belfsitoii,
Southern division of the county, Black Torrington hundred, Totnes archdeaconry, had 134 inhabitants (63
males, 71 females), living in 3/ houses on 1500 acres of land. The parish includes 784 acres of open com-
mons and wastes, and the hamlet of Frestacott. The parishioners enjoy the right of pasturing cattle and
sheep, and cutting turf, &;c., in the forest, on the payment of a small acknowledgment to the Duchy of
Cornwall, under the name of Venville (or Fenfield) money, as noticed at page 40. The name of Belston is
supposed to bo derived from BeVs-ton, the town of Bel or Belus, where the Druids had a temple for the
worship of the sun ; or from Belstone, or Bel-tor y the rock of Belus. In support of the latter derivation,
there is in the adjacent part of the forest a large logan stone. In support of the former derivation, there is
upon Watchet Hill a small idol temple, formed of a double circle of erect stones, the inner one referring to
the phases of the moon, and the outer to the sun. The river Taw, which rises in the northern part of the
forest, derives its name from a deity of the Druids, called Ta-autos, or the thunderer. The old Eoman road,
between Exeter and Launceston, passed through this parish, entering it at the ford, near the serge mills, and
leaving it by the steep hill, west of Sticklepath. The manor of Belstone belonged to an ancient family of its
own name till the reign of Henry III., when their three co-heiresses married into the families of Specot,
Chamborlayne, and Fulford. Two-thirds of the manor now belong to the Hon. Mark liolle, and the other
third to the present rector. The CnuECH (Virgin Mary) is a small but interesting specimen of Anglo-Saxon
architecture, and has a tower and five bells. It is built of granite, and an ancient cross formerly belonging
10 it is now placed in the wall of an adjacent stable. A very antique stone, bearing a circle and cross, was
found in 1861, while pulling down the steps leading to the ancient vestry, and placed in the rector's garden.
In the interior are some ancient oak seats, with carved ends, as well as a finely carved old oak screem The
east window was filled with painted glass in 1876. The church was restored in 1877. The Register dates
from 1553. The living, a rectory, valued in K.B. at £9 Os. Id.y has £110 in lieu of tithes pursuant to a
commutation in 1841, and is in the patronage of the executors of the Eev. Thomas Roberts, and incum-
bency of the Rev. Arthur Whipham. The glebe is 75 acres. There is a small chapel in the parish, used by
Baptists and Wesleyans. A Reading and Recreation room was built in 1877 by Mrs Lefevre, by whom it
is supplied with newspapers, and who intends presenting a library to the same.
Letters by foot post at 8 a.m. via Okehampton, which is the nearest Money Order Office. There is a
Wall Letter Box cleared at 5.10 p.m. week days only.
Belstone (Jopi)er Mine; James Neill, Gillard Miss Martha, day school
resident agent Gillard William, farmer, Bircliey Lake
Glanfield George, farmer, West Lake
Hirtzel George, solicitor, Barton ; and
Exeter
James Miss Margaret
Langmead John, farmer, Lopasas
Lefevre Mrs Anastasia, Geistcot
Muggeridge Simon, farmer, Presticott
Bowden John, blacksmith
' Brock Richard, farmer, East Lake
Brock William, Anctualler, New Inn
Brookland John, farmer, Greenhill
Ellis Wm. farmer. Higher Sticklepath
Endacott Edward, farmer. Ferryman
Endacott Edward, farmer
Finch Isaac, farmer
Neill James, resident agent, Belstone
copper mine
Reddaway John, farmer. Lees
Reddaway Robt. farmer, Town Living
Roberts Rev Thomas, M.A (Exors. of)
Vailance George, road contractor
Westaway Henry, farmer, Presticott
Whipham Rev Arthur, rector. The
Rectory
BERRYNARBOR, a parish and pleasant village, surrounded by beautiful woodland scenery, is on an
eminence near the sea-coast, overlooking Watennouth Cove, 3 miles east of Ilfracombe Railway Station.
It is in Barnstaple imion and county court district, Braunton petty sessional division, Ilfracombe
polling district of North Devon, Braunton hundred, Barnstaple archdeaconry, and Sherwell rural deanery.
It had 751 inhabitants (392 males, 359 females) in 1871, living in 159 houses, on 4958 acres of land,
including a range of hills in which lime and other stone are obtained. Westcote says it was originally called
Bury, and afterwards Bury Herbert, from the family who held it some centuries ago. John de Lidford
William Beckleigh, and Henry Annet held these lands in the time of King John, and in the following reign
the manor belonged to Ralph de Biry or Berry, in whose family it remained until the male line became
extinct in 1708. The property being sold by order of the Court of Chancery in 1712, was purchased by
one of the Bassett family. The last male of this family dying without issue, the property descended to his
nephew, Mr. Joseph Davie, who assumed the name of Bassett. He was succeeded by his son, the Rev.
A. 0. Bassett, the present owner. East Hagginton and Woolscott are manors in this parish and anciently
belonged to the Punchardons of Heanton, from whom they passed to the Coffins. One of the last familj
sold them in the beginning of the present century to J. Davie Bassett, Esq., father of the present owner.
The Rev. A. 0. Bassett, Sir P. B. Chichester, and the executors of the late Charles Cutcliff'e are the principal
owners of the soil. Watermouth Castle, the seat of the Bassett family, and now occupied on lease by
Fredk. Williams, Esq., R.N., is a large and castellated mansion, near Watermouth Cove, and was erected in the
early part of the present century. The Manor House stands near the church, and was formerly a handsome
mansion in the Elizabethan style, but is now in a dilapidated condition. The parish has its annual feast or
revel on the first Sunday after St. Peter's day. The Church (St. Peter), an ancient structure in the Norman
and Early English styles, consists of nave, chancel, south 'aisle, and a handsome tower at the west end, con-
taining six bells, and a small gallery. The building contains some ancient monuments of the Berry family,
In the aisle is a beautiful modern memorial to several members of the Bassett family ; and in the chancel '
a marble tablet to the Rev. S. F. Gully. M.A., a former rector, who died in 1860. The east windo%v
triplet, is filled with rich stained glass. The entire roof of the church was restored in 1850 ; and the churc:
has recently been reseated at a cost of £250. The Register dates from 1540. The rectory, valued in K.B. a «
£34 15s. ibd., and now at £750, is in the successive patronage of the Bishop of Exeter, the Rev. A. C
Bassett, the Rev. Edward Fursdon, and others. The Rev. John M. Hawker, M. A., treasurer and prebendar;
of Exeter Cathedral, is the incumbent. A good residence, standing in its grounds of about 3 acres, wa
I> evoiishire-
147
erected in 1860 at a cost of more than £2000, defrayed by the late rector, the Rev. W. Fursdon, aided by a
grant of £1000 from Q.A.B. The tithes are commuted at £560 a year ; and there is a glebe of 126^ acres,
including 50 acres of common. The Independents have a small chapel, built about 50 years ago, which
will seat 150 persons. The National School, erected in 1848, was recently enlarged and improved at an
expense of £100. Three houses and gardens have been long invested for the repairs of the churcli ; but the
church house was given by John Berry in 1697 for the residence of poor parishioners. John Jewel, Bishop
of Salisbury, was a native of this parish, and the house called Bowden or Buden, in which he was born in
1522, is still standing. He was educated at Barnstaple and Oxford. He was appointed Bishop of Salisbury
by Queen Elizabeth in 1559, and died in 1591.
Post Office at Mr. William Hicks'. Letters are despatched at 5 p.m. week days only, via Ilfracombe,
which is the nearest Money Order Office.
Allin Joseph, shopkeeper and black-
smith, Berry Down cross
Bassett Kev Arthur Crawfurth,
Watermouth
Berry John, farmer, Stowford Barton
Berry William, farmer, Bodstone
Bidgood John, police officer
Beaven Wm. farmer. Lower Newberry
Bowden Joseph, farmer, Eoso farm
Boyles John, farmer, Hodges farm
Bray William, carpenter
Chugg Thomas, farmer, Brinseott
Clark Thomas, farmer, Kuggaton
Clatworthy Eichard, farmer, Lee
Corney William, farmer
Ciitcliife Charles, farmer, Woolscott
Darch John, farmer, IndiknoU
Edwards Miss, schoolmistress
Fursdon Mrs Sarah Ann, The Court
cottage
Gammon James, victualler, Globe
Gear Benjamin, farmer, Heustridge
Harding Eich, bootmkr. &mkt. gardnr
Harding Thomas, blacksmith and mar-
ket gardener
Harding Thomas, victualler, Unicorn
Hawker Eev John Manley, M.A., rec-
tor, and treasurer and prebendary
of Exeter Cathedral, The Eectory
Hicks William, tailor, draper, post-
master and parish clerk
Huxtable Mrs Ann, shopkeeper
Huxtable James, farmei', Well
Huxtable Jno. farmer, Bowden
Huxtable Joseph, blacksmith. Berry
Down cross
Huxtable William, farmer, Euggaton
Huxtable William, market gardener
Jewell John, corn miller
Lancey E. tailor and draper
Leworthy John, blacksmith
Le-worthy Thomas, market gardener.
Manor house
Ley Thomas, carpenter
Lock John, farmer
Millman John, farmer, Thornland
Perrin Thomas, farmer. Hill farm
Pile James, toll collector, Berry
Down cross
Pugsley Thomas, bootmaker
Quance Enoch, farmer, Yellaton
Eichards Benjamin, farmer
Eichards Thos. farmer,East Hagginton
Eichards William, farmer, Newberry
Smith Eichard, farm bailiff, Home
Barton
Toms Frank, farmer, Yetland
White John, farmer, Hemstor
White Eichard, farmer, Hemstor
White Eichard, jun. farmer, Hemstor
Williams Mr Frederick, E.N., Water-
mouth castle
Willis Thomas, farmer, Lee
BERRY POMEROY, a parish 1^ mile E. of Totnes Railway Station, has a village of its own name,
and a hamlet called Bridgetown, which forms a handsome suburb of Totnes, with which it is connected by a
good bridge over the Dart. Berry Pomeroy parish is in Totnes union, county court district, archdeaconry, and
rural deanery, Stanborough and Coleridge petty sessional division, Paignton polling district of East Devon,
and Haytor hundred. It had 1090 inhabitants (514 males and 576 females) in 1871, living in 209 houses, on
4525 acres of land ; including Bridgetowu, which had 605 inhabitants (266 males and 339 females), living
in 126 houses. The Duke of Somerset is lord of the manor, and owner of most of the soil. William the
Conqueror gave the manor of Bury or Berry to Ralph de Pomerai, who built Berry Pomeroy Castle,
which for 500 j^ears was the stately residence of the Poraeroys. The extensive and magnificent ruins of this
once formidable castle are situated on a rocky eminence, thickly covered with wood, and rising above a
pellucid brook, two and a half miles N.E. of Totnes. It was dismantled during the civil wars of the 17th
century. The approach to it is through a thick wood, extending along the slope of a range of hills that
entirely intercept any prospect to the south ; and on the opposite side is a steep rocky ridge, covered with oak.
The fortress appears, from the ruins, to have been originally quadrangular, having only one entrance, which
was on the south, between two hexagonal towers, through a double gateway : the first machicolated, and
further strengthened by angular bastions. Over this gateway the arms of the Pomeroys are still to be seen.
The eastern tower commands a fine prospect of the adjacent country, and the room over the gateway appears
to have been the chapel. The ruins in the quadrangle, or court, are much more modern than the rest, as they
belonged to a mansion, commenced by the Seymours, in the 16th century, at the cost of £20,000, but never
completed. What was finished is thus described by Prince : — ' Before the door of the Great Hall was a noble
work, whose length was the full breadth of the court, arched over with curiously carved freestone, supported
in the fore part by several stately pillars of the Corinthian order, standing on pedestals, having cornices and
friezes finely wrought. The apartments within were very splendid, especially the dinin<
and many of
the other rooms were well adorned with mouldings and fret-work, some of whose marble clavils were so
delicately fine, that they would reflect an object from a great distance. Notwithstanding which, it is now
demolished, and all this glory lyeth in the dust ; there being nothing standing but a few broken walls, which
' seem to mourn their own approaching funerals.' The great gate, the walls of the south front, the north
• wing of the quadrangle, some apartments on the west side, and a turret or two, are the principal remains j
; and they are so finely overhung with branches of trees and shrubs, which grow close to the walls, so beauti-
fully mantled with ivy, and so richly encrusted with moss, that they constitute the most picturesque objects that
' can be imagined. The last of the Pomeroys who occupied Berry Pomeroy Castle was deeply concerned in the
: rebellion of 1549, and is said to have saved his life by making over the manor and castle to Edward Seymour,
Duke of Somerset, whose successors have since held them, and formerly resided here. The present Duke's
principal seats are Maiden Bradley House, Bath ; Bulstrode Park, Gerrard's Cross, Bucks, and Stover Lodge,
Devonshire. Berry Pomeroy CiiURcn (Virgin Mary) is an ancient structure, with a tower and four bells,
j and contains an elaborate alabaster monument to the memory of Lord Edward Sevmour, and his son, and
! Jv2 "
148
Berry Fomeroy,
son's wife, whose effigies are represented lying* on three steps, in very constrained positions. The building is
mostly in the Perpendicular style, and the nave and chancel are divided by a finely carved screen. The church
was restored in 1878 at a cost of about £2000; the improvements include new inside roof, tiling, windows,
vestry, heating apparatus, seating, repair of rood-screen, and other necessary renovations. The Duke of
Somerset is impropriator of the rectory, and patron of the vicarage, valued in K.B. at £18 Ids. Id., and in
1831 at £3G0, and now in the incumbency of the Ilev. A. J. Everett, M.A., who has a good residence, which,
with the garden and orchards, occupies 2^ acres of land. Bhidgetown Desckiption and Directory are
included in Totnes.
Letters are received at 8 a.m. via Totnes, which is the nearest Money Order Office. There is a Letter
Box, cleared at G p.m., week days only.
Angel Pliilip, farmer, Shadrack
Avery Kicliard, parish clerk
Bow Philip, woodman and keeper of
Castle ruins
Bow Samuel, sexton
Bryant John,Llksmth.Longcoml:)e cross
Callard John Pedrick, accountant
Crook John, miller, Castle mills
Cudlip Greorge, carpenter
Distin Henry, farmer, Afton
Dugdale Geo. frmr. Middle Longcombe
Eardley-WilmotAdmiralArthurParry,
C.B. Eardley villa
Endle John, farmer, Lower Weston
Everett Eev Arthur Joseph, M. A. vicar
Fletcher Henry & Charles, thatchers.
Lodge
Ford Mr Hugh Harris, True Street hs
Fortescue Mathew, Esq. J.P. County
Court judge, Weston house
Furneaux Arthur, farmer, Higher
Weekaborough
Grills William Gidley, farmer. Higher
Bourton
LongMrsCharlotte,Parochialschlmstrs
Michelmore Jeifery, land agent, steward
to Duke of Somerset, agent for Nor-
wich Union, and Norwich and Lon-
don Accident Ins. Cos. and district
agent for Law's manures
Mortimer Wm. farmer, Berry Barton
Moysey Philip,frmr. Lower Longcombe
Parrott George, farmer, Weston
Pethybridge Moses, frmr. Wildwoods
Pinhay John (R. & J.) ; h Netherton
Pinhay Richard (R. & J.) ; h Netherton
Pinhay R. & J. farmers, Netherton
Quint Geo. farmer. Higher Longcombe
Rogers Christopher, carpenter
Sandford Samuel, miller, Fleet mill
Searle James Dymond, farmer, Tracey's
Longcombe
Turpin George (T. & Welch) ; h Great
Court farm
Turpin & Welch, frmrs.Great Court fm
Webber Chas. shopkeeper & shoemkr
Welch Richard, farmer (Turpin &
W.) ; h Great Court farm
"VViddicombe James, farmer. Lower
We ekaborough
Widdi combe Thos. farmer, Loventor
BICKINGTON is a parish in Newton Abbot union, Newton Abbot and Torquay county court
district, Teignbridge petty sessional division and hundred. Eastern division of the county, Totnes arch-
deaconry and Moreton rural deanery. It had 263 inhabitants (128 males, 135 females) in 1871, living in
oG houses, on 1375 acres of land. The name of the parish was anciently written Bichentone or Buketon.
The village is seated on the banks of the Lemon rivulet, and on the Exeter Road, 3 miles N. of Ash-
burton, and 4 miles from Newton Abbot. In the reign of Edward the Confessor, the manor belonged to
Brictric, the son of Algar, and was granted by the Conqueror to Queen Matilda, on whose death it reverted
to the Crown. Henry II. bestowed" it upon Sir Joel Giffiard, who assumed the name of Bickington. The
heiress of Sir Joel Bickington, in the reign of Edward III., took the manor to the Marwoods, and a co-heiress
of this family took it, in the reign of Elizabeth, to the Wichalses, but the manor was dismembered many
years ago, perhaps in the middle of the 16th century. The soil belongs to various freeholders ,• the Wrigwell
estate has been held by the Bickford family for more than 600 years. The Church (St. Mary) consists
of chancel, nave, north aisle, south porch, and west tower containing three bells. The church is in th^Hj
Perpendicular style, and had formerly a parclose, and also a Galilee chapel. In the interior are monumentaH
of the Bickford family. The Register commences in 1603. The living, a vicarage, was formerly united to
that of Ashburton, but was separated therefrom in 1861, by the patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Exeter.
The Rev. "William Smith is the incumbent. There is neither glebe nor parsonage house. The tithes are
commuted — the vicarial for £222, and the rectorial for £115. The Dean and Chapter of Exeter are the
appropriators of the latter, and Mr. Richard Skinner is the lessee. The Wesleya:n"s have a small chape"
here. The Chtjrch School was built in 1848, by the Rev. R. P. Cornish, late curate of this parisl
The poor have £2 a year from Plymouth Corporation, as the gift of Benjamin Baron j and a small gift
T^'' ' Skinner's Gift,' administered by. the Charity Commissioners.
105.,
Post through Newton Abbot.
Barber Thomas, farmer, Chipley
Beavis George, shopkeeper
Bickford John, farmer, Wrigwell
Bickford Mr John, Barton
Bickford John William F. farmer,
Coombe
Christophers Henry, blacksmith and
wheelwright
Christophers Thomas, farmer and
victualler. Jolly Sailor
Christophers William, stonemason
Counter Thomas, vict. Halfway House
Damerel Miss — , Parochial school-
mistress
Daw William, miller, Lemonford mills
Fall William, timber merchant
Harris John, farmer. Burn
Loveys Thomas, baker and shopkeeper
Mitchell John W. farmer. Higher
Herebere
Moalle John, farmer. Love Lane farm
Murch Henry, farmer. Lower Herebere
Northway James, rag and bone dealer
Nosworthy John, farmer, Farlecombc
Pickford Miss Eliza, farmer
Rowell John, farmer, Yeo
Shilston George, farmer, Lurcombe
Smerdon John, shoemaker
Smerdon William, shoemaker
Smith Rev William, M.A. vicar
Wheaton & Whitmarsh, flock mer-
chants : and Exeter
White William, farmer, Gale
Willcocks James, carpenter
BICKINGTON (HIGH). (See High Bickington.)
BICKLEIGH, a parish and village, 4 miles S. of Tiverton, and 10 miles N. of Exeter, is in Tiverton
union, and county court district, Cullompton petty sessional division, Tiverton polling district of North Devon,
Hayridge hundred, Exeter archdeaconry, and East Tiverton rural deanery. It had 284 inhabitants (140
males, 144 females) in 1871, living in 58 houses, on 1835 acres of land, including Chederleigh hamlet. The
Devonshire.
149
monly called King of the Beggars, was the son of the Eev. Theodore Carew, rector of Bickleigh. He was
horn here in 1690, and, after his extraordinary adventures, spent the two last years of his eventful life in his
native village, and was huried in the church in 1758. Here also was buried Major John Gabriel Stedman, who
published the History of Surinam, and died in 1797. The Church (St. Mary), was mostly rebuilt in 1848,
at the cost of £1400, and has a tower and five bells. It contains several monuments of the Oarew family,
one of which has recumbent effigies of a knight and lady. The east window is tilled with painted glass, by
Wailes, in memory of the late Eev. Thomas Carew, rector of the parish, and his wife Hoi way Carew.
The rectory, valued in K.B. at £18 4.s. 9^d., and now at £444, is in the patronage of the Misses Carew, and
incumbency of the Eev. Eobert B. Carew, M.A., who has a good residence and 50 acres of glebe. The
tithes were commuted in 1842, for £359 per annum. The National School was built in 1841 at a cost of
£245, defrayed by subscription, aided by grants from the National Society and the Committee of Council on
Education. In 1708, £95 poor's money was laid out in the purchase of 4 acres of land, called Ware Park,
now let for £10 10s. per annum. There is also £100 3 per Cent. Stock, purchased with money which arose
from the sale of timber felled on the said land. The annual income (£13 10s.) is distributed about
Christmas among the most deserving poor ; as also is about £15, arising from three-fourths of the rent of
two cottages and 1^ acre of land at Tiverton, left by John Lovell. (See Tiverton.)
Post Office at Mr. Francis Baker's. Letters are received at 8 a.m., and despatched at 5.2o p.m. via
Tiverton, which is the nearest Money Order Office and Eailway Station.
Baker Francis, tailor and postmaster
Baker John, tailor
Bam say Joseph, mason
Bennett William, dairyman
Bevin Miss Mary, schoolmistress
Bond Alfred, farmer, Lower Burne
Carew Eev Eobert Baker, M.A. rector.
The Eectory
Chatty Humplirey, farmer, Exe land
Drew George, grocer
Elston William, farmer, Millhayes
Gill John, farmer, Chedderleigh
Goddard William, farmer, Burnhayes
Gold Jas. wheelwright & parish clerk
Hosegood John, blacksmith
Martyn Thos. farmr. Higher Brithayes
Merson Prank, farmer, Bickleigh
Court farm
Perham John, farmer, Henbere
Eowe George, dairyman
Sellick Geo. blacksmith, Chedderleigh
Strong Eichard, baker and victualler,
New Inn. Bickleigh bridge
Webber John, bootmaker
BICKLEIGH is a parish and small village, on the western side of the river Plym, in the picturesque
vale to which it gives name. It is in Plympton St. Mary union, East Stonehouse county court district,
Midland Eoborough petty sessional division. Southern division of the county, Eoborough hundred, Totnes
archdeaconry, and Plympton rural deanery. Its parish, which includes the village of lioborough, had 384
inhabitants (202 males, 182 females) in 1871, living in 63 houses, on 2365 acres. Bickleigh Vale is much
resorted to by anglers and the lovers of woodland scenery. The Plymouth and Devonport leats, and the
Dartmoor Eailway cross this parish. The manor was long held by Buckland Abbey, and afterwards by the
Slannings, Modyfords, and Heywoods, the latter of whom sold it to the Lopes family in 1798. Sir Massey
Lopes, Bart., is now lord of the manor, and sole owner of the soil. The Church was, except the tower,
which contains six bells^ rebuilt by Sir E. Lopes in 1839 : it was restored by Sir M. Lopes, M.P., in 1861.
The living is a vicarage, valued in K.B. at £11 7s. Ad., and in 1831 at £300. Sir Massey Lopes is patron
of the benefice, and impropriator of the rectory. The Eev. George Eichard Scobell is the incumbent, and
has a good residence. The poor have £100 Three per Cent. Consols, purchased with the gifts of Elizabeth
Modyford and John Herring. Sir Massey Lopes, Bart., erected Almshouses in 1873 to the memory of Lady
Lopes ; and in 1862 he built the National Schools, which are supported by subscription.
Post Office at Mr. Eichard FoUand's, Eoborough. Letters are received at 5.45 a.m., and despatched at
6 p.m. via Plymouth, which is the nearest Money Order Office.
Barnes Thos. National schoolmaster
Beer Frederick, farmer, Coombe farm
Cole John, shopkeeper and farmer
Fairweather William, road surveyor,
Eoborough
Folland Richd. postmaster, Eoborough
Gemmell John, farmer, Woolwell
Gregory Eichard, farmer, Leigh Beer
Gullop William, farmer. Ham farm
Halls James, sexton
HamWm.Bassett,wheelwriglit& smith
Hamley Wm. butcher, Eoborough
Hamlyn George, farmer, Greenover,
Shaugh bridge
^Hamlyn Joseph, blacksmith
King James, farmer, Hatshill
King John, farmer, Lower Upperton
Luscombe Henry, victualler, Lopes'
Arms, Eoborough
Metters Thos. farmer, Higher Leigh
Parnell John Jas. saddler & harness
maker, Eoborough ; and (h) Ply-
mouth
Pengelly James, carpenter
Scobell Eev George Eichard, vicar
Spurrell John, baker and shopkeeper,
Eoborough
Spurrell Thos. miller, Eoborough mills
Smith John, saddler, Eoborough
Symons John, farmer and assistant
overseer, Coombe park
Trounce Henry, farmer, Hele Barton
Watts Jno. gamekeeper to Sir Massey
Lopes, Bickleigh lodge
Webber Eichard, station master
AVeeks Mr Wm. Eolestone, Eoborough
Westlake Wm. frmr. Higher Upperton
Westlake William, boot & shoe makex',
Eoborough
Wotten Mrs Eachel, Dartlako
Wotten William, farmer, Dartlake
Eailway— (L. & S. W. & G. W.) ;
Mr Eichard Webber, station master
BICTON is a parish and village on the west side of the river Otter, 4 miles W.S.W. of Sidmouth and 11
miles E.S.E. of Exeter, and is in St. Thomas's union, Exeter connty court district, Woodbury petty sessional
living in 32 houses, on 1294 acres of land. BicToif is the seat of Lady
Jlolle, who died without issue in 1842, in the 92nd year of his age. At Domesday Survey, this manor was
150
Bieton,
held by William Portitor, by the service of keeping the kinj^'s gaol for the county of Devon. After passing
to various families, it was purchased in the 16th century of the Coplestons by Sir Robert Dennis, who rebuilt
the old mansion, enclosed a deer park, and made it his chief residence. His grand-daughter carried Bicton
in marriage to Sir Henry Eolle, ancestor of the late Lord Rolle. The county gaol was removed from Bicton
to Exeter in 1/)18, but it was not until 1787 that the lord of Bicton was exonerated from the custody of the
prisoners. The KoUes have another seat at Stevenstone, and were for a long time a numerous, wealthy, and
distinguished family. Sir Samuel and Sir Henry Eolle were firm supporters of the Parliamentary cause?
during the war of the 17th century. The latter was appointed chief justice in 1648 and died in 1656. Sir
.Tohn Eolle, K.B., was a zealous friend of Charles II., and made him large remittances during his exile. He <
was created K.B. at the Eestoration. His grandson, John Eolle, Esq., was offered an earldom in the reign of
Queen Anne, but refused it. The property now belongs to the Hon. Mark Eolle, nephew of the late Lord
Eolle. Bicton CnuKcn was erected in 1851 by Lady Eolle. In the old church, which was taken down on
the completion of this, was an elegant monument of Dennis Eolle, Esq., with effigies of himself and lady in
statuary marble, richly habited. He died in 1638, aged 24, and was celebrated for his ready wit and the
generosity of his disposition, and is noticed in a poetical epitaph written by Dr. Fuller, author of ' The
Worthies.' The rectory, valued in K.B. at £12 13s. 4d., and now at about £250, is in the patronage of Lady
Eolle, and incumbency of the Eev. Gr. H. Kempe, M.A., who has a neat residence, commanding a line view of
the coast and the ocean. The glebe is 50 acres, and the tithes were commuted in 1844 for £170 16«. lid.
per annum. At Yettington is a Voluntary Elementary School, built in 1847 by Lady Eolle, in the Swisa^
styleof architecture. _ _ _ "^1
The nearest Post Office is at East Budleigh.
Alfred George, head gardener
Hallett John, farmer
Halse Abraham, farmer
Hart Thomas, farmer
Hart William, parish clerk
Kempe Eev Greorge Henry,
rector
Pyne John, farmer
M.A.
Eolle Eight Hon. Lady Louisa, Bicton
house
Sanders Philip Salter, farm bailiff to
Hon. Mark Eolle
BIDEFOED, a parish, a pleasant, well-built market town, municipal borough, and seaport, is 9 miles
S.W. of Barnstaple, 7 miles N. by W. of Great Torrington, 52 miles N. of Plymouth, 42 miles N.W. of
Exeter, and 200 miles W. by S. of London. The parish is the head of a large Poor Law union, count}^ court
district, petty sessional division, polling district of North Devon, and is in Barnstaple archdeaconry, Hart-
land rural deanery, and Shebbear hundred. The parish, which is coextensive with the municipal borough,
had 2987 inhabitants in 1801, 3244 in 1811, 4053 in 1821, 4846 in 1831, 6211 in 1841, 5775 in 1851, 5742
in 1861, and 6969 (3224 males, 3745 females) in 1871. 1675 families or separate occupiers were returned in
1871 as living in 1355 houses, on 3196 acres of land : this return includes 88 paupers in the union workhouse.
The town is mostly situated on the western side of the river Torridge, and being on bold acclivities, and within
three miles of the sea, it is highly salubrious, and the streets are clean and well drained. The river is crossed
by a good stone bridge of twenty-four arches, and 677 feet in length. The river is navigable to Wear Clifford ;
and below the town it expands into a broad estuary which falls intoBideford or Barnstaple Bay with that of the
Taw, about three miles below. The name of Bideford is a corruption of its original appellation — By-the-ford.
The manor was settled by William the Conqueror on his consort Matilda, and was given by William Eufus
to Sir Eichard de Grenville, whose descendants resided here and at Kilkhampton, in Cornwall, for many
generations ; and three of them represented Devon in Parliament. After the death of thd last Earl of Bath,
of the Granville family, in 1711, their Devonshire estates were divided. The manor of Bideford was pur-
chased in 1750 by John Cleveland, Esq., and it now belongs to W. L. Christie, Esq., M.P. ; but a great part
of the parish belongs to Sir George S. Stucley, Bart., the Bridge feoffees, and the executors of the late W.
Langton, Esq., and others. Moeeton House, pleasantly situated in a spacious and well- wooded lawn, about
a mile S.W. of the town, is the residence of Mrs. Buck, widow of the late L. W. Buck, Esq., who formerly
represented North Devon in Parliament. Early in 1643, a fort was erected on each side of the river, and a
small one at Appledore, A Parliamentary garrison was then placed at Bideford, but it surrendered to Colonel
Digby in September. Chudleigh Fort, on the eastern acclivity of the valley, is said to have been built by
order of Major-General Chudleigh, and its site is now enclosed by a stone wall.
Bideford is called a borough in ancient records, but it does not appear to have ever returned members to
Parliament, except twice, in the reigns of Edward I. and II. A market day on Monday, and a fair for five
days at the festival of St. Margaret, were granted to Eichard Grenville in 1271. The gallant Sir Eichard
Grenville procured a charter from Queen Elizabeth, which incorporated the town, made it a free borough,
confirmed the market and fair, and granted two other fairs. This charter was confirmed and extended by
other charters, in the 7th and 16th of James 1. Under these charters, the government of the borough was
vested in a mayor, four aldermen, and 10 capital burgesses ; with a recorder, town clerk, two sergeants-at-
mace, and other officers. By the Municipal Act of 1835, the government is vested in a mayor, four alder-
men, twelve councillors, a recorder, and several borough magistrates. The borough has a separate court of
quarter sessions ; and petty sessions are held in the Town Hall on the first and third Monday in every month.
The receipts of the Corporation in 1877 amounted to £500^ of which about £400 was derived from borough
rates, and £100 from rent of properties.
{For Members of Town Council, cfr., see ncx' l)cigc).
Devonsliire. 151
TOWN COUNCIL, 1877-8.
Mayor — James Joce, Esq.
Eecoeder — Jerome Murch, Esq.
Aldermen — William L. Vellacott, Edward M. White, James Joce, and Jolin W. Narraway.
)TJNCiLLORS — Thomas Pollard, J. S. Burrow, William Vinson, G. W. Vincent, Eohert T. Hookway, T. T.
Wickham, Thomas Trewin, H. M. Eestarick, Edw. Dingle, E. H. Down, John Squire, and Thos. Murphy.
Town Clerk — Charles W. Hole, Esq.
Clerk of the Peace — James Kooker, Esq.
Auditors — Messrs. H. L. Hutching-s & Geo. Pollard.
Treasurer — W. B. Davie, Esq.
Coroner — John Thompson, Esq., M.D.
Assessors — Messrs. W. Abbott & Kobt. Barrow.
Inspector oe Weights and Measures and Head Constable — Kobert Chipman.
Beadle and Crier — Mr. J. W. Major.
Borough Magistrates — James Joce, Esq. (Mayor), Thomas Trewin, Esq. (ex-Mayor), and John How,
John Thompson, M.D,, W. H. Ackland, M.D., W. Turner, and Henry Tardrew, Esq. Charles William Hole,
Esq., is their clerk.
The Guildhall, where the Town Council meet, and where the courts are held, was formerly an old, incon-
venient, Elizabethan building, but the new hall and prison were erected in 1850-1, at the cost of about £1500.
Gas Works were constructed about 1835, at the cost of :£2800, raised in £10 shares, Mr. James Joce
is the secretary.
A large reservoir was constructed in 1871 on Gammanton Moor, sufficient to supply the whole of the
inhabitants with an unceasing supply of water ; and about the same time an efficient system of drainage was
inaugurated ; the cost of both being £25,000.
Trade. — In consequence of the patronage of the Grenville family, a trade with Virginia and Carolina,
then recently discovered, was established at Bideford in the reign of Elizabeth, and the town continued to
enjoy a considerable share of American commerce till the breaking out of the war, which ended in the inde-
pendence of the United States. In the reign of Charles I., the merchants here imported large quantities of
wool from Spain ; and afterwards, besides their commerce with France, Holland, and the Mediterranean,
had so large a share of the Newfoundland trade that in 1699 they sent out more ships than any port in
England, except London and Topsham. In some years of last century, Bideford imported more tobacco
than London. The trade of this port is still very considerable ; large quantities of timber, hemp, tallow, &c.,
are imported from the Baltic and America ; wines, fruits, &c., from the Mediterranean ; cattle, &c., from
Ireland; coal, culm, iron, flag- stones, &c., from Wales; and marble and slate from Cornwall. The New-
foundland trade is again revived, and bids fair to equal its former impprtance. The port of Bideford includes
Appledore, Clovelly, Hartland, and all the north coast of Devon, extending westward from the estuary of the
Taw and Torridge. The Quay was constructed in 1663, and belongs to the lord of the manor. Ships of 500
tons burden may lie safely at the quay, and those of 300 tons can get up to the bridge. The amount of
customs received here in "^ 1840 was £5648 ; and in 1847, £3750. The value of the Total Imports of
Foreign and Colonial merchandise of Bideford was £12,085 in 1872 ; £13,310 in 1873 ; £4792 in 1874 ;
£2645 in 1875 : and £5676 in 1876. The gross amount of Customs Revenue received was £2711 in 1872 ;
£2603 in 1873 • £2950 in 1874 ; £2860 in 1875 ; and £2851 in 1876. The value of the total exports was
£645 in 1872 ; £736 in 1873 ; £915 in 1874 ; and tiil in 1875 and 1876. The number and tonnage of sailing
and steam vessels (including their repeated voyages) that entered and cleared during the year 1876 was : —
Coastwise — entered, with cargoes, 885 sailers, 38,783 tons ; 55 steamers, 3681 tons — total 940 vessels,
42,464 tons : in ballast, 63 sailers, 5812 tons ; 4 steamers, 370 tons — total 70 vessels, 7635 tons : cleared,
ivith cargoes, 155 sailers, 5419 tons ; 53 steamers, 3549 tons — total, 208 vessels, 8968 tons : in ballast, 813
sailers, 43,670 tons ; 4 steamers, 370 tons— total, 833 vessels, 46,590 tons. British Possessions and Foreign
Countries — entered, loith cargoes, 6 sailers, 1545 tons ; in ballast, 3 sailers, 1453 tons : cleared, in ballast,
13 sailers, 3560 tons. The total number of registered vessels under the Merchant Shipping Acts on
December 31, 1876, was 99 sailers, having a tonnage of 6649 tons. The total number of registered boats
under the Sea Fisheries Act, 1868, on the same date was 149, having a tonnage of 359 tons.
The number of vessels built at Bideford in 1876 was 11 wood sailers, having a tonnage of 1314 tons. Ship-
building is carried on here to a considerable extent ; and during the late war several frigates, bombs, and gun
brigs, were built here for the royal navy. Steam and sailing vessels ply to Bristol, in connection with
steamers to Liverpool, London, &c. Here are large potteries, which employ many hands in the manufacture
of coarse earthenware. Here are also several malt-houses, breweries, a number of lime-kilns, and two iron-
foundries, two collar factories, and a ropery. Brown and grey paint and mineral black are got in the neigh-
bourhood. The Market, held ever}^ Tuesday and Saturday, is well supplied with meat, vegetables, fruit, &c. ;
and on the former day with corn, cattle, swine, &c. Here are great markets for cattle, &c., on the second
Tuesday in March, the last Tuesday in April, and the third Tuesday in September. Fairs for cattle are
held on February 14 and 15, July 18, and November 13. There is a spacious Market-place in the centre of
the town, but much business is done on the quay.
Bideford Union comprises 17 parishes, &c.,has an area of 62,944 acres (including 1690 acres of water),
and in 1871 had a population of 19,362 persons (9062 males, 10,300 females), living in 3934 houses ; besides
which, there were 260 houses uninhabited, and 62 building. The Registration District also includes Lundy
Island, having 144 inhabitants (110 males, 34 females), living in 10 houses, on 920 acres of land; and there
were 33 houses uninhabited and 4 building. There were in the union 16 persons blind, of whom 4 were
blind from birth ; 15 were deaf and dumb ; 29 idiots or imbeciles ; lunatics ; and 88 paupers in the Union
AVorkhouse. The total average yearly expenditure of the parishes during the three years preceding the
152
Bidolora,
formation of the Union was £73.3.'i, but in 1838 it was only £o225, and in 1849-50 £0428, in 1874 £10,408,
1875 £10,240, and for the year ended Lady-day, 1870, £10,422. The total receipts for the last-named year
were £10,720, £10,234 beinj^ raised by rate. The workhouse was erected in 1835-0, and has room for 200
paupers. Charles Wm. Hole, l*]sq., is clerk to the f^uardians, and superintendent-registrar; the Kev. llog-er
Glanville, chaplain ; Mr. and Mrs. Eastman, master and matron of the workhouse ; Miss Emma Ogable,
schoolmistress ; and Mr. Henry Milsom, porter. Dr. John Thompson is union medical officer. The Relii]VIN(;
Officers are Mr. James Lee for Eastern district, and Mr. Richard Braund for Western district. The Regis-
trars OF Births and Deaths are Mr. James Lee for Bideford district; Mr. Henry Williams for Northam
district ; Mr. Humphrey Dayman for Parkham district ; Mr. Thomas Harris for Bradworthy district ; and
Mr. Richard Braund for Ilaitland district. The Registrars of Marriages are Mr. James Lee for Eastern
district, and Mr. Richard Braund for Western district.
The following enumeration of the parishes shows their territorial extent, and the inhabited houses and
population in 1871, and present rateable value : —
Parishes
2 Abbotsham
3 Alwington
Bideford
Buckland Brewer
Bulkworthy
Clovelly .
East Putford
Hartland
Landcross .
Littleham .
Monkleigh .
Parkham
Northam
Newton St. Petrock
West Putford
Welcombe .
■Woolfardisworthy
Total
Acres
1,768
2,655
3,196
6,157
1,115
3,502
2,380
16,700
331
1,250
2,177
5,808
4,190
1,556
2,620
1,751
5,798
62,944
Inhabited
62
76
1,355
175
22
188
31
394
22
78
124
191
924
44
61
39
148
3.934
Fopulation
421
353
6,969
814
114
759
157
1,871
115
394
604
936
4,330
254
290
232
749
19,362
Present
Rateable Value
£ s. d.
2,264
1,807 7 6
15,166 17 6
3,894 6 8
617 7 6
2,102 4 6
955 5
9,281
516 2 6
1,655 13
2,154 11
3,881 11
11,293 12
1,050 12
1,479 5
1,044 17
2,933 5
£62,097 19 11
Notes, &c. — Lundy Island, which is in No 4 sub-district, is not in any union. Marked 1 are in Bideford sub-
registration district ; 2 in Northam sub-district ; 3 in Parkham sub-district ; 4 in Hartland sub-district ; 5 in Brad-
worthy sub-district.
The County Court is held monthly at the Guildhall for the parishes, except Welcombe, in Bideford
union, and for the parishes of Horwood, Instow and Westleigh. Mr. Serjeant Petersdorif is judge; S. L.
Rooker, Esq., registrar and clerk of this court.
The Church (St. Mary) is supposed to have been originally erected in the 14th century, and to have
been cruciform in shape ; but was, with the exception of the tower, rebuilt in 1805, and now consists of nave,
chancel, aisles, and a tower containing six bells, and a clock with chimes which play every four hours. The
font is of granite, and of Norman date ; it has a cable rudely carved round the exterior of the bowl. The
organ, by Willis, is a very fine instrument, having three manuals, twenty-eight stops, and 1202 pipes. The
east window, of five lights, is filled with stained glass, executed by Gibbs, and representing in the centre the
Crucifixion. The west window contains representations of the Four Evangelists, by Wailes, and is the gift
of Captain and Mrs. Rudd. In the south aisle are two stained glass windows in memory of the Buck family,
and two in the north aisle given by the Corporation. Among the monuments is one in memory of John
Strange, a benevolent merchant, whose humanity and fortitude were remarkably displayed during a visitation
of the plague in 1040, when ' the mayor deserted the town through fear.' The names of 229 who died of
that malad}^ are inserted in the parish Register, and among them is that of Mr. Strange, whose bust is placed
in a niche on the upper part of the monument, which is said to have been erected by a sea captain through
gratitude for relief afforded after shipwreck. There is also a monument to Sir Thomas Graynfylde, Knight,
patron of the church, who died in 1514, besides memorials of the Stucley and Buck families. The living is
a rectory, valued in K.B. at £27 7s. Oc?., in the patronage of Sir G. Stucley, Bart., and incumbency of the
Rev. Roger Granville, who has a good residence, standing in pleasant grounds at the top of High Street, and
00 acres of glebe. The tithes are commuted for £019. The Independents, Wesleyans, and Bible
Christians have chapels here. The Independent Chapel is called the Great Meeting House, and is a
spacious building, erected in 1090 by a congregation formed by the Rev. Walter Bartlett and his son, the
Rev. John Bartlett, who were ejected from the benefices of Bideford and Fremington for nonconformity in
1002. The Rev. James Hervey was curate of this parish in 1738-9, and while here wrote a great part of
his Meditations. In 1841 the feoffees of the Bridge trust appropriated a field of 1^ acre as a public cemetery,
half of which is consecrated.
Bideford School Board was formed on January 10, 1871, and now consists of Messrs. J. W. Narraway
(chairman), Christopher Pedler (vice-chairman), J. S. Burrow, Joshua Heywood, Robert Dymond, and R. T.
Ilookway. C. W. Hole, Esq., is their clerk. The Board have purchased and improved the British and National
r>evoiisliire. 153
Schools, besides erecting a new school, the cost of the whole being £1413. There is accommodation in the
Board Schools for about 600 children.
The Grammar School is held in a room which belongs to the Bridge Trust, and is kept in repair by the
feoffees. In 1689 Susannah Stucley left £200, to be laid out in lands for the support of a Grammar School
in Bideford, provided the town would raise £400 more for the same purpose. Towards the latter sum £100
was left by John Thomas. The money thus raised was laid out in the purchase of an estate, called Bushton,
in West Buckland parish, consisting of a farm of 57 acres, now let for £50 per annum ; and a wood of about
20^ acres, which is in the hands of the trustees. Falls of timber in this wood yielded to the charity £204
in 1799, and £439 in 1813. The trustees, in 1817, laid out £420 in the purchase of a house in Bridgeland
Street, for the residence of the schoolmaster, for a term of 99 years. The property belonging to the
Grammar School was sold in 1875 for about £2400, and a new school built. A new scheme has recently
been issued for the management of the school.
A Free Library and Newsroom was established in 1877, under the ' Free Libraries' Act,' and is held
in a room in Bridgland street. It is well supplied with newspapers, and a library has been formed. Mr.
Thomas Tittle is the librarian. The Music Hall, in Bridgeland street, was erected in 1869 at a cost of £2170,
raised in £5 shares ; the front was completed in 1875 at a further cost of £600. Mr. R. D. Gould was the
architect, and Mr. E. M. White the builder. The principal room, which is 90 feet long and 36 feet wide,
will seat 600 people. The Hall is let for concerts, theatrical performances and other entertainments. Mr.
Robert Dymond is secretary and manager. The Alexander Hall on the Quay was built in 1874, and will
hold 400 persons.
Bideford Infirmary and Dispensary was established in 1873, and occupies a large house on the Quay.
It contains four beds for males and four for females, and is supported by subscription. Dr. Ackland is
physician ; Messrs. E. Rouse, E. Cox, and Sinclair Thompson are surgeons ; and Mrs. Mary Kingdon, matron.
The Bridge Trust comprises property which yields a yearly income of more than £500, and has been
vested with feoffees from an early period for the reparation of the Bridge, and other public and charitable uses
in the parish of Bideford. The property comprises houses, and other buildings and lands in the parish and
neighbourhood, let for about £500 a year. There is also belonging to the charity £819 4s. 6d. Three per
Cent. Consols, purchased with savings of income. In 1810, the feoffees expended above £2500 in repairing
and widening the bridge, and rebuilding the parapet walls. After providing for the repairs of the bridge,
the large surplus income is applicable for ' charitable, necessary, and reasonable uses and purposes ; ' and is
consequently applied in supporting a school, relieving the poor, repairing the Guildhall, Bridge Hall, &c.,
and in paying small salaries to the bridge-wardens, hall-keeper, &c. In 1848, the feoffees contributed largely
towards the improvement of Meddon street. The Bridge Hall was built for the use of the feofiees, in 1758,
and the bridge is said to have been built and endowed by Sir Theobald Grenville, in the early part of the
14th century. The bridge was widened and improved at a cost of £6000 in 1865, under the direction of Mr.
Page, C.E., the builder of Westminster Bridge, London.
Benefactions. — The poor parishioners have the rent of 2a. 2r. 23p. of land, left by John Andrew in
1605, and now let for £10, They have a yearly rent-charge of 20.s., left by John Andrew, out of property
held by the Corporation. The Poor's Stock, consisting of £300 Three per Cent. Reduced Annuities, arose
from various benefactions, and the dividends are applied in relieving the poor and schooling poor children.
In 1681, George Baron left a yearly rent-charge of £6 out of an estate caDed the Commons, for the relief of
poor old seamen or their widows. The same estate was charged by William Pawley, in 1728, with the
yearly payments of 21s. for the poor, and 2ls. for the rector for preaching a sermon on St. Paul's day. The
poor have a yearly rent-charge of ISs. Ad., left by Alexander Arundell, in 1627, out of land at West Mor-
chard ; this is not now paid. Henry Young, in 1789, left £100 for the minister and poor of the congregation
of the Dissenting Meeting-house in Bridgeland street. This legacy nows forms part of a larger sum of New
Three per Cent. Stock, purchased with this and other gifts to the said Meeting-house. lu 1810. Margaret
Newcommen left in trust with the dissenting ministers of Bideford, Barnstaple, Tavistock, and Appledore,
£1000 and £200 (after payment of Legacy Duty, invested in £960 l^s. 6d. New Three per Cents,, and £176
15*". 7c?. of the same stock), to apply the dividends of the former in relieving the poor and education of the
young, and of the latter in schooling poor children of this and other parishes.
Strange's Almshouses, in Meddon street, form a row of nine tenements for the residence of nine poor
families, placed in them by the trustees. They were founded in 1646 by the before-named John Strange.
The almspeople have each a small garden. These houses were rebuilt a few years ago by Mr. James
Haycraft, a native of the town. Amory's Almshouses, in Old Town, consist of six small dwellings, occupied
by poor families, placed in them by the parish officers. They are said to have been given by Henry Amory,
in 1663, for the reception of the widows of seamen. Small gardens are attached to each dwelling, but there
is no endowment. The Amory Almshouses are about to be pulled down, and the property is likely to be sold.
Worthies. — Sir Richard Grenville, of Bideford, distinguished himself in the reign of Elizabeth, as an
adventuring navigator, and was, with Sir Walter Raleigh, the joint discoverer of Virginia and Carolina, of
which he published an account. In 1521, being then Vice-Admiral of England, he sustained, with his single
ship, the most glorious but unequal conflict that is recorded in naval history, against the whole fleet of the
enemy ; and after having repulsed them fifteen times, yielded not till his powder was all spent. He died of
his wounds two days afterwards, on board the Spanish Admiral's vessel. His own ship, reduced to a hulk,
sunk before it could be got into port. His great-grandson, Sir John, who first wrote his name Granville, is
well known for the active share he had in bringing about the restoration of Charles II., who, in 1661,
created him Baron Granville of Bideford, Earl of Bath, &c. After the death of the last Earl of Bath of the
Granville family, in 1711, their Devonshire estates were divided. Dr. John Shebbeare, author of the
* Practice of Physic,' but better known for his political writings, for which he was sentenced to stand in the
pillory in 1758, and was afterwards pensioned, was born at Bideford in 1709. He was put in the pillory, but
154.
Bidefovd,
was attended by a servant who held an umbrella over his head, and the sheriff was prosecuted for not
enforcing the sentence. Mr. Abraham Down and his brother Benjamin, both ingenious mathematicians, and
the latter the publislier of maps of Cornwall and Devon, were natives of this town. Young is said to have
written his 'Night Thoughts' here.
Post, INIoney Oiider, and Telegraph Ofeice, High Street, William Cadd, postmaster. Letters are
delivered at 7.15 a.m., 11.50 a.m., and 4.30 p.m. week days, and 7.15 a.m. Sundays, and are despatched at
a.m. ; to the North at 2.10 p.m. London and all parts at 7.15 p.m. ; week days and Sundays at 5.45 p.m. to
all parts.
Kailway. — John Geoghegan, station master.
ALbott & Co. iron, brass, and bell founders, New road
Abbott Henry (A. & Son) ; h Allhalland street
Abbott John (A. & Co.) & (W. & J.) ; h Bridgeland street
Abbott & Son, cabinetmsikers, upholsterers, and under-
takers, Allhalland street
Abbott Wm. (A. & Son); h Allhalland street
Abbott William (W. & J.) ; h Monkleigh
Abbott W. & J. ironmongers, High street
Ackland Wm. Hy. Esq., M.D., J.P. Bridgeland street
Adams Miss Mary Ann, Cowper street
Adams Kichd. victualler. Union Inn, Mill street
Allen Mrs Ann, grocer, High street
Allin Samuel John, tailor, Cliingswell street
Andrews Thos. sec. to Industl. Co.-Op. Soc. (lim.), High st
Andrews Wm. Jno, customs examining officer, Bridgeland st
Ascott Henry, victualler. New Inn, Market place
Austin Joseph, grocer, Torrington lane
Avery George, grocer, Market place
Avery George, marine store dealer, Barnstaple street
Babbage Mrs Mary, draper, High street
Backhouse Thomas, organist and teacher of music. High st
Backway John, earthenware manufacturer (Phillips & Co.);
h Torrington lane
Bailey John, tailor, Meddon street
Bainton Kov James (Independent), Lansdowne terrace
Baker John, marble and stone merchant, New road
Baker Thomas, victualler. Dolphin, Market place
Bale James, builder and china dealer. High street
Balsdon Mr James, Old town
Balsdon Kichard, farmer, Southcott farm
Barnacott Mrs Elizabeth, baker. Mill street
Barrett Mrs Emma, Old town
Barrow Eobert, maltster and brewer, Torrington street
Barry William, French polisher. Strand
Bartholomew Charles George, grocer and tailor, Silver st
Bartlett Mrs James, Meddon street
Barton George, coach builder, Queen street
Batten William, tailor and grocer, Meddon street
Bazeley Henry Montague, solicitor (Rooker & B,), & notary
public & commissioner in supreme court ; h Westward Ho
Belben Stephen, marine store dealer and game dealer,
Meddon street
Beer Mr George, Abbotsham road
Beer Captain George, Bridgeland street
Beer John, grocer. Bridge street
Beer John, tailor and woollen draper, Mill street
Bellew John, corn merchant, Mill sti'eet
Bennett Samuel, timber merchant's manager, Milton place
Bernini James, tobacconist, Mill street
Berry James, basket maker. The Quay
Berry Wm. Lendon, basket maker & toy dealer. Mill street
Bkleford Dispensary and Infirmary, The Quay ; Mrs Mary
Kingdon, matron
Bideford Gas and Coke Co. (limited) ; James Joce, sec.
Bideford Gazette, Granville street ; William J. Honey,
publisher and proprietor
Bideford Industrial Co-operative Society (limited), High
street ; Thomas Andrews, secretary
Bishop Samuel, victualler. Globe, Meddon street
Bishop Thomas, victualler, Angel, Market place
Bishop William, carpenter, Gunstone
Blight John, manager, Barnstaple street
Blight Mr AVilliam, Meddon street
Bond Thomas, carver and gilder, Chingswell street
Bourn Mrs Sarah Ann, High street
Bowen Mrs Harriet, boot dealer, Lower Gunstono
Bowen John, tailor, Allhalland street
Boyle George, draper. High street
Boyle George, manager. Queen street
Braddick John Joseph, butcher and grocer. Mill street
Bragg John, grocer and dyer's agent, Allhalland street
Braund Charles, grocer and house decorator, Meddon st
Braund Frederick (B. & Son) ; h Strand
Braund James S. B. solicitor's clerk. High street
Braund & Son, drapers. High street
Braund Mrs Susannah, dressmaker. Mill street
Braund AVilliam, bootmaker. Mill street
Bray Samuel, accountant and collector of borough, district
and water rates, Queen street
Brayley George B. solicitor. Cold harbour
Brock John, painter, Bridgeland street
Brook Mrs Dorothy, Meddon street
Broom Henry, victualler. Swan, Mill street
Brown Mrs Jane, Abbotsham ruad
Brown Joseph, boot and shoe dealer, High street
Brown Colonel William St. Barbe, Forest hill
Brownscombe Mrs Prudence, shopkeeper. Higher Gunstone
Brownstone William, beerhouse, High street
Buck Mrs Ann, Morton house
Burnard John, pork butcher & dairyman, Honestono lane
Burnard William, grocer and draper, Meddon street
Burrow Henry Marshall, watchmaker. Mill street
Burrow James Shortlidge, accountant and agent for Royal
Insurance Company, Meddon street
Butler William Henry, grocer & shoerakr. Lower Meddon st
Cadd William, chemist and postmaster. High street
Cann James, nursery and seedsman, florist and basket
maker. Mill street
Cann John, victualler, Joiners' Arms, Market place
Carter Miss Edith Jane, corn dealer. Mill street
Carter Geo. cane wkr. & umbrella mkr. Lower Meddon'j
Caseloy Mrs Ann, Allhalland street
Cawsey Archibald, builder. Union street
Cawsey Mrs Mary Ann, vict. White Packhorse, Union
Cawsey Mrs Sarah, greengrocer, Allhalland street
Chalk Mrs Mary Ann, farmer & 'bus propr. Allhalland st
Chanell Mrs Matilda. Bridgeland street
Chapman Edward, commercial traveller. High street
Chappie James, butcher. Mill street
Chappie John, vict. New Ring of Bells, Honestone lan^
Ching Richard, farmer. North street
Chope Walter, harness maker. Butt Garden street
Clark George, painter, Mill street
Clarke James Routcliffe, cabinet maker and agent for
Norwich Union Insurance Company, Butt Garden street
Clarke John, butcher, Honestone lane
Clarke John, joiner, Milton place
Clarke Jno. Coleman, agt. for Prudential Ins. Co. Old town
Clement Abraham, tailor, outfitter, and agent for United
Temperance Provident & Prudential Ins. Cos. Market pi
Clemow Charles E. victualler. Commercial Hotel, New road
Coaman Thomas, grocer. High street
Cock Richard, mason, Allhalland street
Cohen Daniel, M.D. South bank, Northdown lane
Cole Enoch, bootmaker. Mill street
Cole George, shopkeeper, Lower Gunstone
I
d st
Devonshire.
155
John, farmer, Gammaton
Mr William, Meddon street
^ Thomas Case, confectioner, High street
y John, beerhouse, Cooper street
ler Misses Elizabeth and Mary, Meddon street
A ill Mrs Elizabeth, vict. Princess Koyal, Barnstaple st
. ill Mrs Ellen, High street
vill Mrs Fanny, day school, Bridgeland street
i ill Philip, timber merchant & coal dlr. Barnstaple st
ill Mr Philip, Barnstaple street
-ill Thomas, bootmaker, Highfield, Meddon street
^uv>k Robert James, grocer, Granville st. ; h Barnstaple
Cooper Albert, draper High street
Oooper John Groves, land agent and surveyor, and agent
for "West of England and Westminster Insurance Com-
panies, High street ; h Wear Gifford
Copp John, victualler, Eoyal Mail, Bridge street
Copp William, basket maker, Honestone lane; h Old town
Cornish IVIi's Jane, Meddon street
CouU Mrs Ann, dressmaker, Mill street
County Court Office, Bridgeland street ; Samuel L. Eooker,
clerk, registrar and high bailiff
Cox Edgar, surgeon, Quay
Cox John, mason, Allhalland street
Cox William, painter, Chingswell street
Craig William, cooper, Allhalland street
Crang Mrs Isabella, lodgings, High street
Crang James, maltster, Marine gardens
Crichton Mr David (Exors. of), Milton place
Crocker AVilliam Henry, earthenware manufacturer and
coal dealer, North street ; h The Strand
Croscombe Mr William, High street
Cruse Mrs Jane, Market place
Cruse John, butcher, Allhalland street
Cruwys Samuel, wine and spirit merchant, High street
Curtis Mr John, Strand
Curtis John, game and poultry dealer, Mill street
Curtis Richard, dairyman and shopkeeper, Meddon street
Ctistom House, Bridgeland street ; William Andrews,
examining officer
Cutcliffe George, tailor, North street
Dalling William, hairdresser, Mill street
Dannell Bartholomew, baker. Mill street
Lannell Edwin & Son (Edwin), hat mfrs. Allhalland st
Dark James, foreman, Meddon street
Dark John, victualler, Red Lion, Honestone lano
Dai-k John, victualler. Swan, Torrington street
Dark Mrs Mary, shopkeeper, Barnstaple street
Davey John, victualler, Plough, Honestone lane
Davey Thomas, butler. Old town
Davis Misses Mary and Margaret, Abbotsham road
Davis Thomas, chimney-sweeper, New street
Davis Thomas, umbrella maker, Market place
Dawe & Co. clothiers and outfitters. High street and Barn-
staple ; James Edwards, manager
Dawe Henry, grocer and wine & spirit merchant. High st
Dawe Samuel (D. & Co.) ; h Barnstaple
Delve Mrs Mary, Old town
Delve Thomas, victualler, Newfoundland Inn, Quay
Delve Mr Thomas Hockridge, Old town
Dennis Misses Elizabeth and Susannah, dressmakers and
milliners, Allhalland street
Dennis George, earthenware manufacturer, Strand
Dennis Lewis, farmer, Adjurin
Dennis Miss Mary, High street
Devon and Exeter Savings Bank (branch), Bridgeland
street; George Turner, actuary
Didham Captain Charles John, Middleton, Northdown hi
Dingle Edward, grocer. Butt Garden street
Dodds William, vict. Blacksmiths' Arms, Torrington st
Doherty George, coal merchant, Torrington street
Dowel Captain William Montague, R.N. Ton house
DowTi Edward Hammond, tallow chandler, stationer and
twine dealer, High street
Down Edward, tallow chandler and toy and marine store
dealer, High street
Duncan Alexander Gregory, linen collar manufacturer
(Vincent & D.) ; h North street
Dunhill Mrs Catherine, Quay
Dunn Richard, watchmaker and draper. Market place
Dymond Robert, auctioneer, house agent, and agent for
Sutton & Co. and Lancashire Insurance Co. Mill street
Dymond Mrs Susan, lace maker. Butt Garden street
Eastman George and Mrs Ellen, master and matron,
Workhouse, Meddon street
Eastman William, blacksmith. High street
Edwards James, manager. High street -
Edwards John, nurseryman, seedsman & florist, Meddon st
Edwards Rev John, Strand
Elliott Stephen, carpenter, Barnstaple street
Ellis Edmund, joiner and builder. Mill street
Ellis Henry, victualler, Peacock, Market place
Embery John Holloway, joiner, Barnstaple street
Embery Mr William, Strawberry cottage, Meddon street
Essery Mrs Mary Ann, dressmaker. Mill street
Evans Thomas, marine store dealer, Torrington lane
Facey Miss Mary, ladies' school. Quay
Fewings John, coal dealer, Lower Gunstone
Fierville Mr Charles Jaques Marion, Bridgeland street
Fison & Co. manure manxifacturers, Barnstaple street ; and
Ipswich ; Frederick Lee, agent
Fleck Thomas, manager. New street
Fogaty John Balch, carpenter. Bridge street ; h Meddon st
Folley William, market gardener. North Town lane
Ford William, marine store dealer, Old town
Fowler Hugh, grocer. Old town
Francis James, victualler, Steam Packet Hotel, Quay
Frayne John, coachbuilder. North street
Freeman Mrs Elizabeth, lodgings. Quay
Friendship Caleb, Temperance Hotel, Honestone lane
Friendship James, tailor and draper, Chingswell street
Frost William, bootmaker, Meddon street
Fry Mrs Eliza, Bridgeland street
Fry Mrs Elizabeth Ann, Barnstaple street
Fry Henry, farmer, Warmiugton
Fulford William, carpenter and undertaker, Honestone In
Fursman Thomas, market gardener. New road
Galliver Samuel, blacksmith, Barnstaple street
Gent William, mason and sexton, Public cemetery. Old
town
Geoghegan John, stationmaster, Barnstaple street
Gibbens William, marine store dealer, Torrington lane
Giddy William, victualler, Cornish Arms, Bull hill
Gilbert Mr William, Meddon street
Gil vary Daniel, baker and confectioner, Mill street
Grainger William, excise officer, Milton place
Granville Rev Roger, vicar of St. Mary's
Green Mrs Ann, china and glass dealer. High street
Green Thomas, tailor, Lower Gunstone
Greenoff William, market gardener, Meddon street
Greenwood John, plumber, Honestone lane
Gregory Robert, joiner, Chingswell street
Grigg William, clerk, New road
Hamlyn John, tailor. Butt Garden street
Hammett Charles, teacher of music, Barnstaple street
Hammett Mrs Elizabeth, lodgings, Barnstaple street
Harden Mr John, Springfield terrace
Harris Miss Sarah, Church schoolmistress, Honestone lane
Harwood Miss Eliz. Board schoolmistress. Marine gardens
Hatherley Miss Henrietta Josepha, Bridgeland street
Hatherley Mrs Sarah Ann, Quay
Hawkesley George, grocer, Meddon street
Haycroft James, bootmaker, Honestone lane
Headon Mr Thomas, Meddon street
Heard John, grocer, Allhalland street
Heard Thomas, shopkeeper & coal dealer, Honestone lane
Heard William, mason, Florence street
Hearn George, hairdresser, Allhalland street
156
Bidefbrd,
Heatherley "William Fortescue Wills, solicilor, commis-
sioner to administer oaths, and agent for London In-
surance Co. Bridgeland street
Heywood Charles, grocer and seedsman, Honestone lane
Heywood Henry (J, & H.) ; h Lansdowne terrace
Heywood John (J. & H.) ; h GrenA'ille street
Heywood J. & H. drapers, Grenvillo street
Hill George, chimney-sweeper & umbrella maker, Silver st
Hinks John, shopkeeper, Barnstaple street
Hockaday Mrs Mary, shopkeeper, Mill street
Hodge John, grocer, Torrington street
Hogg Thomas, pharmaceutical chemist, New road
Hole Charles William (H. & Peard), and town clerk,
clerk to Local Board, Board of Guardians, School Board
and county and borough magistrates, notary public and
superintendent registrar, Chingswell street
Hole & Peard, solicitors, Willett street
Holloway Mrs Elizabeth, dressmaker, Milton place
Holloway Henry, (j) joiner, Old town
Holloway Michael, blcksmth. Honestone In ; h Marine gdns
Holman Daniel, painter, dairyman and carriage proprietor,
Lower Gunstone
Holman John Fishley, butcher, Allhalland street
Honey William Jacobs, printer, publisher and proprietor
of Bideford Gazette, Grenville street
Hookway Mrs Elizabeth, grocer, Old town
Hookway Kichard, baker and dairyman, Old town
Hookway Kobert Taylor, builder and contractor, Quay
Hooper Mrs Mary Elizabeth, pawnbroker (plate), Quay
Hopkins Maj. Francis Powell, Eairholme hs, Northtownln
Hopkins Henry, master mariner. Cooper street
Hopson Charles, photographer & furniture dlr. Mill street
Hopson Christopher, ironmonger, Market place
How John, Esq. J.P. (J. & Co.) ; h Woodville, Northam
How John & Co. timber merchants. New road
Howard Mrs Eliza Ann, High street
Howard John, bootmaker. Lower Meddon street
Hoyle Mrs Ann, shopkeeper, High street
Husband John, painter, High street
Hutchings Mrs Ann, shopkeeper. High street
Hutchings Henry Lee, auctioneer and coal mert. Mill st
Huxham Thomas, Local Board surveyor. New road
Huxtable John, shopkeeper, Barnstaple street
Irish Thomas Benjamin, manure agent, Barnstaple street
Ivey William, bootmaker. Mill street
Jenkins Mrs Elizabeth, shopkeeper, Honestone lane
Jenkins Henry, victualler, Appledore Inn, Chingswell st
Jenkins John, beer retailer. Lower Gunstone
Jenkins Mrs Maria, coal dealer. Higher Gunstone
Jenkins Thomas, shoeing smith, Old town
Jenkins William, coal dealer. Old town
Jennings James, shopkeeper, North street
Jewell Mrs Mary Ann, laundress, Milton place
Jewell William, shipping agent, Milton place
Joce James, chemist and secretary to Bideford Gas Co.
Grenville street ; h Springfield terrace
Johns William, vict. Old Ring of Bells, Honestone lane
Johnson John, shipbuilder, Barnstaple st; h Springfield ter
Jones Mrs Emma, staymaker. Mill street
Jones John, agent for Victoria Legal and Commercial Life,
and Manchester Fire Insurance Companies, New road ;
h Orchard hill, Northam
Jones Mrs Mary (J. & Sanders) ; h Butt Garden street
Jones & Sanders, milliners, Butt Garden street
Jones Thomas, victualler. Lamb Inn, Honestone lane
Keall Edward Skinner, dentist. Strand
Kean Mrs Elizabeth, Lansdowne terrace
Keats Mrs Susan, Marine gardens
Kelly John Milton, customs' officer, Milton place
Kemp Thomas, victualler, King's Arms, Quay
Kiddle Richard Nellor, chemist and druggist, Quay
King James, china dealer. Bridge street
Kingdon Abraham, tea dealer, Butt Garden street
Kingdon Mrs Mary, matron, Dispensary, The Quay
KivcU Richard, vict. Railway Inn, Torrington lane
Lake Samuel, game dealer. Queen street
Lake Simon, tailor, Silver street
Lamerton Richard, joiner. High street
Lamerton Thos. whcelwrght. Higher Gunstone ; h Bridge
Land John, grocer, High street
Land Mrs Mary, shopkeeper. High street
Land William, tailor. High street
Landbridge John, cabinetmaker, Allhalland street ;
Lower Gunstone
Leach Mrs Elizabeth Jane, dressmaker and millinf
Chingswell street
Leathby Miss Susannah, lodgings, Strand
Lee Frederick, agent for Fison & Co., and joiner
builder, Old town
Lee James, accountant, registrar of births, deaths
marriages, & vaccntng. officer for Bideford dist. Bridge st
Lee James, Temperance Hotel, Market place
Lee William, shopkeeper. Mill street
Lee William, watchmaker. Mill street
Lendon William, whitesmith and bellhanger. Mill streel
Leonard William, coal dealer, New road
Lewis Mr Edward, Quay
Lewis John, lodgings. Quay
Lewis William, painter and paperhanger, Mill street
Ley Mrs Ellen, day & boarding school, Bridgeland sti
Ley John, (j) painter, Cold harbour
Lightwood Elijah, shopkeeper. Mill street
Lile John, plumber, brazier & tin plate wrkr. Barnstaple st
Lind Colonel James Burne, Edge hill, Northdown lane
Local Government Board Office, Cooper street
Locke George, joiner. High street
Louttid Mr William Alfred, Bridgeland street
Lovering Georgfe, vict. Castle Inn, Allhalland street
Lugg John, foreman. Old town
Lythaby Miss Lydia, milliner and draper. Mill street
McBryde & Orr, linen collar manufacturers, New street
and London ; Thomas Fleck, manager
MacDonald Ewen, travelling draper, Meddon street
MacKenzie Misses Prudence & Selina, day school. Quay
Maine Misses Frances and Sarah Maria, High street
Major Miss Elizabeth, Market place
Majo:? John Willis, auctioneer, town crier and bill post
Chingswell street
Makin Rev Robert (Baptist), Bridgeland street
Martin Miss Mary Ann, Bridgeland street
Martin Thomas, butcher. Mill street
Merrifield William, master mariner, Old town
Metherall John, block maker, Torrington street
Mills Mr William Jewell, Butt Garden street
Millson Shapland, clerk. Bridge street
Mock Mrs Faith, shopkeeper, Torrington lane
Molesworth George Mill Frederick, Esq., J.P. North'
down house. Strand
Monkley Henry, draper and outfitter. Market place
Monkley Henry, tailor. Market place
Moore Mr Richard, Old town
Morton Mr John Simm, Kingsley villa, North Town la
Mounce James, tailor, Mill street
Mules John, tailor and newsagent. Silver street
Murphy Thomas, stamp distributor. Mill street
Murphy William Charles, photographer, Mill street
Nance-Kivell James, coachbuilder. Queen street
Narraway John Whitlock, tanner and currier, Westcombeji
h Honestone lane
National Provincial Bank of England (draw on head office,
London), Quay ; George Todd, manager
Newcombe Thomas, manager. Quay
Nichols William, brewer. High street
Norman Mr Thomas, Strand
Oatway Alfred, watchmaker, High street
Oatway Edward Taylor (0. & Son), High street
Oatway George, hairdresser, High street
Oatway & Son, tailors, High street
I
I>evoiisi»it*e.
15t
);itway William Vicary (0. & Son) ; h High street
)<r;ilbe Miss Emma, schoolmistress, Workhouse, Meddon st
Palmer Alfred, road contractor, Meddon street •
L'ahner Mrs Hannah, clothes dealer, Old town
! 'aimer Mr Ki chard, Old town
Parker Capt. Robert Lesley, Slade house, Northtown lane
Parkhouse John, victualler, Barley Mow Inn, Mill street
Parson Francis, veterinary surgeon, Butt Garden street
Partridge Edward, land agent and auctioneer, Grrenville
street ; h Monkleigh
l^irtridge Mrs Elizabeth, New road
^jPasker Mr John Gregory, Meddon street
ilPassmore John, victualler, Maltscoop Inn, Cooper street
Peai'd Geo. Oliver, solicitor (Hole & P.); h Bridgeland st
Pc'dler Mr Christopher, Springfield terrace
Penny Mr Christopher Stephen, York house
[\n-kin Benjamin, bootmaker, High street
Pirkin Frederick, painter and bookseller. Mill street
L\'rkin James, bootmaker, Mill street
Perry Mrs Mary Ann, dressmaker, High street
Perry Robert, tailor. High street
Petherick Miss Sarah Jane, millinr. & dressmkr. Meddon st
Phillips '& Co. earthenware manufacturers, Torrington lane
Pliillips Henry (P. & Co.) ; h Old town
Phillips William, mason, Honestoue lane
Phillips William, sawyer, Honestone lane
Phcenix Tea & CoflFee Co. High st ; Richard Yeo, manager
Pickard Miss Elizabeth, milliner ai.d straw bonnet maker.
High street
Pickard John, bootmaker. High streeL
Pickard Thomas, dairyman, High street
Pimcombe William, foreman, Barnstaple street
Pollard George (Thomas & Son), and shipping agent,
Barnstaple street
Pollard Thomas, jun. (Thomas & Son) ; h Chapel park
Pollard Thomas & Son, black paint manfrs. Barnstaple st
Poole Miss Elizabeth, High bank. North street
Pound James Rounsfill, house decorator. Mill street
Pound William, painter, Mill street
Pow Mrs Sally, dining-room proprietor. Butt Garden s\;reet
Powe John Heard, manager, S])ringfield terrace
Powe Miss Mary, shopkeeper, JButt Garden street
Prance Mr James, Meddon street
Prance Joseph, fishmonger. Mill street
Prescott William, victualler, Rising Sun, Gammaton
Pridham Thomas, saddler, Grenville street
Pridham William, fanner, Saltern farm
Prince Thomas, grocer, New street
Prince William, mariner. Old town
Prior William, painter and house decorator. Mill street
Prouse Hugh, bootmaker. Mill street
Prouse James, bootmaker. Mill streel
Prust Mrs Elizabeth Susannah, Milton place
Tuhlic Booms, Bridgeland street ; Robt. Dymond, manager
Puddiscombe Mrs Jane & Miss Mary, stationers, and music
and book sellers. High street
Purchase Mrs Bessie, lodgings, Bridgeland street
Pyke Captain Benjamin Rogers, Longfield, Northtown lane
Pyke Mr John, Sunnyside, Northtown lane
Pyke Mrs, Ton house
Radcliffe James, earthenware manufacturer (Phillips &
Co.) : h Torrington lane
RadclilFe Mr James, Meddon street
Rendle Mr Jonathan, Lansdowne terrace
Restarick Henry Morgan, rope manufacturer, Strand
Riccard Mrs Mary Ann, Mount Pleasant, High street
Richards George, saddler, High street
Richards James, shopkeeper, Honestone lane
Richards John Thomas, clerk, Meddon street
Rigsby Thomas, grocer. Bridge street
Risdon Joseph, land agent and surveyor, Bridgeland street
Robins Nicholas, ironmonger. Marketplace
Rodgman .George, bootmaker, Mill street
Rogers Mrs Mary, fancy repository, Mill street
Rogers Mr William, Old town
Rook James, marine store dealer, Torrington lane
Rook Robert, bootmaker, New street
Rooker & Bazeley, solicitors and agents for Royal Ex-
change and Law Fire Insurance Cos. Bridgeland street
Rooker James (R. & Bazeley), and commissioner in all
courts, clerk of the peace, & deputy-registrar of county
court, Bridgeland street
Rooker Samuel Lavington (R. & Bazeley), and clerk,
registrar, and high bailiff to county court, Bridgeland st
Roscrute Samuel, inland revenue officer, North street
Rouse Ezekiel, surgeon, Bridgeland street
Rowe Mrs, Lansdowne terrace
Rowe Rev William (Bible Christian), Meddon street
Salmon Henry, civil engineer and surveyor, Abbotsham rd
Sanders Miss Bessie, mllnr. (Jones &S.); hButt Garden st
Sanders John, baker and confectioner. Mill street
Saunders Miss Fanny, Lansdowne terrace
Softool of Science and Art, Bridgeland street
Screens Mr John, Milton place
Sellick Charles Henry, grocer and wine and spirit mer-
chant, Market place
Serjeant Mr Charles John, Old town
Seward John, foreman, Honestone lane
Sheeres Mrs Martha, North street
Short John, corn miller, Upcutt mill
Sinkins Mr Joseph Nuth, Lansdowne terrace
Skerratt Rev John (Wesleyan), Bridge street
Sluman George, victualler. Ship on Launch, Barnstaple st
Sluman James, shopkeeper, Honestone lane
Sluman William, victualler, Terminus Inn, Barnstaple st
Smale Charles, solicitor, commissioner for affidavits in
Supreme Court, and solicitor to North Devon Building
Society, Strand
Smale Miss Dorcas, shopkeeper, Honestone lane
Smale Thomas, dairyman, Honestone lane
Smith John, (j) sawyer, Lansdowne terrace
Spearman Richard, victualler, Three Tuns, Quay
Squance Mrs Elizabeth, lodgings, Strand
Squire Bros. (Richard & Caleb), house painters and deco-
rators. Market hill
Squire Francis, monumental mason, Barnstaple street
Squire John (S. & Son) ; h Springfield terrace
Squire John, grocer. Quay
Squire Leigh (S. & Son) ; h High street
Squire Robert (S. & Son) ; h High street
Squire & Son, watchmakers. High street
Staite Alfred, wine and spirit merchant, maltster and
brewer. Mill street
Stamp Office, Mill street ; Thomas Murphy, distributor
Stapleton John, bootmaker. Mill street; and Appledore
Stevens Henry, draper, Grenville street ; h High street
Stevenson Mrs Ann, grocer, Meddon street
Stevenson Robert Henry, game dealer, Meddon street
Stone Alfred, cabinet maker, Allhalland street
Stone Mrs Ann, Church walk
Stone Mrs Elizabeth, Town Hall keeper, Allhalland street
Stone Henry, milliner & straw bonnet maker, Grenville st
Stone John, furniture dealer, Old town
Stone Thomas, bootmaker. Mill street
Sussex William, mason. Bridge street
Swain John, bootmaker, Barnstaple street
Sweet John, cabinet maker and upholsterer, Allhalland st
Symons Miss Annie, schoolmistress. Old town
Symons Miss Sarah, dressmaker, Meddon street
Tanton Mrs Sarah, victualler, Tanton's Hotel and posting
house. New road
Tapley & Hutchins, solicitors. High street ; & Torrington
Tardrew Henr^', ironmonger, iron and brass founder and
agent for County Fire Insurance Company, High street
Taylor Henry, victualler. Last Out, and mason. Old town
Tedrake Thomas, photographer, and printer and publisher
of Western Express, Mill street
Tepper George, boys' school, Strand
158
Bideford,
Thorn Richard, seed merchant, Butt Garden street
Thompson John, Esq., J.P,, M.D., F.R.C.8., surgeon,
coroner for Bideford district, and certifying factory sur-
geon. Butt Garden street ; h Abbotsham road
Todd George, bank mantigor, Quay
Town Hall, Bridge st ; Mrs Elizabeth Stone, hallkeeper
Trewin Thomas, corn, flour, provision & general merchant,
and sigent for Atlas Insurance Company, Butt Garden
street ; h Pill Head fiirm
Trick Mrs Ann, Bridgeland street
Trick Mr Charles, High street
Trick Miss Jane, fancy repository, High street
Trott Mrs Jemima, lodgings, Lansdowne terrace
Tucker Frederick, bootmaker, Milton place
Tucker John, clerk, Honestono lane
Tucker Mr John, High street
Tucker John Edward, accountant, Mill street
Tucker Thomas, vict. Horse & Jockey, Honestone lane
Turner Alfred, tanner and currier. High street
Turner Mrs Elizabeth, Mill street
Turner Miss Eliz, day & boarding school ; h Bridgeland st
Turner George, solicitor, clerk to Highway Board, actuary
to Devon and Exeter Savings Bank, and agent for Sun
Insurance Company, Bridgeland street
Turner William, Esq. J.P., The Barton
Underill Misses Ann & Mary, dressmakers, New road
Union Workhouse, Meddon street ; George and Mrs E.
Eastman, master and matron
Vaggers Henry, mason, Honestone lane
Vanstone Mrs Elizabeth, Market place
A^ellacott "William Lancey, draper, High street
A^erren Edwin, victualler, King of Prussia, New street
Verren John, cabinet maker. Mill street
Vibert Misses Anna C. & Philippa Grace, milliners,
Bridgeland street
Vincent & Duncan, linen collar manufacturers, Westcombe
Vincent George W. (V. & Duncan) ; h Westcombe
Vinson William, tailor, draper, and auctioneer, High st
Wakeley William, bootmaker. Union street
Walkey William, cattle dealer, Honestone lane
Walter George, butcher, Old town
Warmington Philip, brewer and hop dealer. High street
AVay William, rope manufacturer, Meddon street
Way William, foreman. Fire Engine Station ; h North st
Webster Charles, hairdresser. Bridge street
Webster Miss Elizabeth Ann, Quarryfield
Wells Charles, farmer, Oldescleve
Werry Robert, cooper, Lower Meddon street
West William, wheelwright. North street
West of England Fire Engine Station, ^Quay ; Willia 