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LIBRARY
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.
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Received <L/-e~ , 189 y
Accession No. (Q 7^ ?/ . Class No.
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AN
INTELLECTUAL ARITHMETIC,
UPON THE
INDUCTIVE METHOD,
INTRODUCTION TO WRITTEN ARITHMETIC.
BY
JAMES S. EATON, M. A.,
INSTRUCTOR IN PHILLIPS ACADEMY, ANDOVER, AND AUTHOR OF
" EASY LESSONS IN MENTAL ARITHMETIC," " THE COMMON
WRITTEN ARITHMETIC."
BOSTON:
TAGGARD AND THOMPSON,
29 CORNHILL.
SAN FRANCISCO: H. n. BANCROFT & COMPANY.
1864.
,/c
Euteretl, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by
JAMES S. EATON, M.A.,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
PEEFACE.
THE Pestalozzian or Inductive Method of teaching the science
of numbers is now universally approved by intelligent teachers.
The first attempt in this country to apply this method to Mental
Arithmetic resulted in the publication of Colburn's First Lessons,
a work whose success has not exceeded its merit. It was,
however, a useful experiment rather than a perfect realization
of the inductive system of instruction. That the subsequent
books of the same class and purpose have failed to correct its
defects, and thus meet the demand it created, is due evidently
to their departure from the true theory as developed and exem-
plified by Pestalozzi.
The Author of this work has endeavored to improve upon all
his predecessors, by adhering more closely than even Colburn
did to the original method of the great Swiss educator, and by
presenting at the same time, in a practical and attractive form,
such improvements in the application of his principles as have
stood the test of enlightened experience.
In accordance with this design, the subjects are so arranged
that each step of the learner prepares him for that which fol-
lows. By this suggestive and natural order of arrangement,
together with copious illustrations of principles and applications
by means of small concrete numbers, the pupil is led to a clear
apprehension of the properties and relations of numbers, and
4 PREFACE.
is enabled to understand everything as he advances, till he
acquires a thorough knowledge of the nature and use of the
essential numerical operations.
While the general arrangement of the subjects and examples
is strictly progressive and logical, the difficulty of the problems
is occasionally varied, in order to prevent the weariness of a
long, unbroken ascent, and to afford a grateful alternation of
effort and relaxation, like that experienced by the traveler in
crossing a country diversified by hill, valley, and plain.
The analytical process which this method requires at every
step is calculated to develop and strengthen the mental powers,
and to form the habit of rapid and accurate thought. Some
illustrations of modes of analyzing questions have been pre-
sented merely as suggestions to the pupil ; but the plan of the
work does not embrace set forms of analysis for the various
classes of examples, a contrivance little likely to stimulate
invention or promote self-reliance. On the contrary, its dis-
tinctive feature is its special adaptation to the mode of teaching
which leads the learner to ascertain for himself each step to be
taken, to think and reason independently, and to rely upon his
own powers and resources, thus securing a vigorous and health-
ful discipline of his intellectual faculties.
Though this work is intended as a connecting link between
the Primary and Written Arithmetics of the Author, thus com-
pleting the Series on which he has been so long engaged, it is
also complete in itself. It presents a mental analysis of Arith-
metic adapted to the younger pupils by its easy gradations, and
to advanced pupils by its scientific arrangement and its logical
development of the art of computation ; and yet it has been
limited to the true province of Intellectual Arithmetic, which is
to serve as an introduction to Written Arithmetic, and not as a
substitute for it, as some authors seem to imagine.
PREFACE. 5
In the spirit of the inductive method, concrete numbers
numbers applied to physical objects have been largely em-
ployed in treating of each topic, as the only fit preparation for
the exercises upon abstract numbers, which are far more difficult
for the youthful mind to grasp.
A few pages of Written Arithmetic have been appended,
embracing examples in the ground rules and compound num-
bers, which may be profitably studied in connection with the
mental lessons illustrating the same principles.
Fully aware of the difficulty of the task he has undertaken,
the Author has spared no pains in its execution, and he grate-
fully acknowledges his obligations for the numerous valuable
suggestions with which he has been favored by several eminent
practical teachers.
The favorable reception of the other books of his Series, en-
courages him to hope that this attempt to perfect and modernize
the original Inductive System of Mental Arithmetic, and adapt it
to the wants of schools of the present day, will meet with the
general approbation of teachers and educators.
PHILLIPS ACADEMY, ANDOTBB, J
MARCH 14, 1864. I
SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS.
THE teacher who would attain high success must study meth-
ods, and never take it for granted that he is perfect in his art.
Why does one teacher accomplish twice as much as another,
with no greater expenditure of time and strength? Because he
has twice as much skill. Skill is acquired. It is gained by ex-
perimenting; that is, by experience guided by good judgment,
and enlightened by the study of methods and expedients. The
following Suggestions, derived from long experience and much
study of the subject of teaching Mental Arithmetic, are sub-
mitted for your consideration, and not as rules which you are
to blindly follow without the exercise of independent thought.
1. Take great pains in assigning the lesson, adapting its length
to the capacity of the class, stating explicitly how it is to be
learned and in what manner it is to be recited, and giving
sufficient time for its thorough preparation.
2. See that the lesson is faithfully studied. Many teachers
waste time over lessons which have not been properly prepared.
Sometimes study a lesson with the pupils, to show them how.
3. Do not require the pupils to commit the questions to memory.
This is a waste of time. Nor should they commit the answers,
t'jctr-ittinri the answers to that class of examples which involve a
single operation upon abstract numbers; that is, such questions
as are usually comprised in the tables of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.
4. Never require a pupil to analyze questions according to a
set form of analysis, but encourage originality in methods of
solution. The fewer words in the solution the better, if it is
correct and intelligible. By all means avoid long and compli-
cated formulas.
5. Do not demand reasons for answers which require no
process of analysis. If the child knows that 4 from 6 leaves 2,
what is gained by requiring him to say. Because 4 and 2 are 6?
The thing is no better understood, and time is consumed.
6. The teacher will read the questions himself, the class dis-
pensing with the book, or he will allow the pupils to have
the book and read the examples, as he may prefer. In ques-
tions requiring analysis the pupils should not be called in turn,
but promiscuously or by cards, and, if the example is read by the
teacher, time should be given, after the reading, for the class to
think, before any pupil is designated to answer. Examples like
those in Lesson II, page 11, may be recited by the members of
the class in rotation, the questions being read rapidly.
7. The answer to a question requiring a process of solution
should not be given before the solution, but it should be given
at the conclusion cf the solution. Nor should pupils be required,
as a practice, to give what may be called an abstract or general
answer before the solution, like the following : J of 36 is -f of
SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS. 7
how many times -f of 42? As many times f of 42 as y of 42 is
contained times in the number of which -J- of j of 36 is J. Such
exercises may be good discipline, but there is no need of con-
suming time on exercises merely for discipline, as the oppor-
tunities for it in acquiring useful knowledge are abundant.
8. When practicable, it is best that the whole class should
stand at recitation. At any rate, the pupil who recites should
stand, and, if the teacher reads the example, the pupil should
repeat it after him, before giving the explanation.
9. Never proceed with the recitation unless every member of
the class is giving attention, but do not try to keep the atten-
tion too long. Many expedients must be employed to keep the
attention awake. Sometimes the pupils may "take places/'
sometimes they may be permitted to correct each other, and
sometimes a pupil may be called at random to finish a solution
commenced by another.
10. Aim at thoroughness in every step. This is much promoted
by frequent and judicious reviews. With every lesson in advance
the preceding should be reviewed; and there should be monthly
and quarterly reviews beside.
11. If you suspect that a solution has been committed to
memory without being understood, give a similar original
question with different numbers.
12. Where it is practicable, illustrate problems and principles
by sensible objects. Let fractions be illustrated by dividing an
apple, a line, a square, or some other object. The tables of weights
and measures should be taught according to the method of
obiect-teaching, and not abstractly committed to memory.
13. As an occasional exercise, let each pupil, from memory,
propose to the pupil next above him some question embraced
in the part of the book which has been studied, the pupil failing
to solve the question put to him losing his place; or, where
"place taking" is not practiced, let there be a forfeiture of
merits for failure, or a gain for success.
14. Original questions similar to examples 32 and 33, page 28,
to be answered simultaneously by the class, should be proposed
frequently and enunciated rapidly.
15. The learner should seldom if ever be told directly how to
perform any operation in Arithmetic. Much less should he have
the operation performed for him. Instead of telling the pupil
directly how to go on, examine him, and endeavor to discover
in what his difficulty consists, and then, if possible, remove it.
16. The recitation should be conducted briskly, and it should
be so managed, if practicable, that each pupil shall endeavor to
solve every question proposed ; but it is not necessary that the
whole lesson should be actually recited by each pupil.
17. But the most important requisite to success is to create and
to sustain an interest in the study. How can this be done ? In
the first place you must be really very much interested yourself.
In the second place, you must teach well. And if you are deeply
interested in the subject, you will be very likely to find out how
to teach it skillfully.
CONTENTS.
I.
SECTION!, pp. 9-25, contains addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division, and numbers are expressed only by words. The very
young pupil will be aided in solving the examples by sensible objects,
such as knives, cents, marbles, apples, fingers, etc.
II.
SECTION II, pp 26-47, introduces the Arabic figures and Arith-
metical signs. The examples are similar to those in Section I, and
a little more difficult.
III.
SECTION III, pp. 48-75, presents the elements of fractions, and op-
erations upon whole numbers are continued and extended.
IV.
SECTION IV, pp. 75-92, defines fractions, the fractional form isin-
troduced, and the principles of fractions are still further developed.
V.
SECTION V, pp. 93-101, gives the tables of compound numbers and
practical examples on the same
VI.
SECTION VI, pp. 101-124, gives a variety of practical examples,
together with the more complicated combinations of fractions.
VII.
SECTION VII, pp. 125-138, introduces several notes, giving more or
less minute suggestions with reference to the various operations in
fractions.
VIII.
SECTION VHI, pp. 139-148, develops some of the more important
principles in per centage.
IX.
SECTION IX, pp, 149-163, consists of a few Lessons composed of
miscellaneous examples, together with Multiplication and Review
Tables.
x.
In pp. 164-176, a few of the more simple principles of Written
Arithmetic are given. These pages may be studied with or after the
preceding pages.
INTELLECTUAL ARITHMETIC.
SECTION FIRST.
LESSON I.
1. HENRY had one knife, and he has found another;
how many knives has he now ?
2. Charles bought an orange for two cents, and an
apple for one cent ; how many cents did he pay for
both?
3. Mary gave two peaches to Sarah, and kept two
herself ; how many peaches had she at first ?
4. If you have four marbles in one hand, and three
in the other, how many have you in both ?
5. If you have four fingers on each hand, how many
fingers have you on both hands ?
6. James found five apples under one tree, and four
under another ; how many apples did he find under
both trees ?
7. Addie has five canaries, and Ella has three ;
how many canaries have they together ?
8. Robert had three peaches, but he has given one
of them away ; how many peaches has he now ?
9. John having four cents, spent two of them for
an orange ; how many cents has he now ?
10. David has five cents in one hand, and two cents
in the other ; how many cents has he in both hands ?
How many more in one hand than in the other ?
11. Frank has six gray squirrels, and Herbert has
three ; how many squirrels have they both ?
10 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. I.
12. Edwin has six figs, and Philip has four; how
many more figs has Edwin than Philip ? How many
have they both ?
13. William having eight plums, gave five of them
to Louisa ; how many did he keep ? How many less
did he keep than he gave away ?
14. Edward has six doves, and Charles has eight ;
how many more has Charles than Edward ? How
many have they both ?
15. Lewis bought a, pig for eight dollars, and sold
it for ten dollars ; how much did he gain ?
16. A man bought a sled for ten dollars, and sold
it for seven ; how much did he lose ?
17. A man owing ten dollars, paid four dollars ;
how much did he still owe ?
18. A man owing ten dollars, paid all but four dol-
lars ; how much did he pay ?
19. Mr. Adams sold a pig for three dollars, and
a sheep for six dollars ; how many dollars did he re-
ceive for both ?
20. Albert has eight rabbits, and Arthur has two ;
how many rabbits have they both ?
21. George found seven eggs in one nest, and three
in another ; how many eggs did he find f
22. Frank gave three cents for an orange, and had
seven cents left ; how many cents had he at first?
23. If a melon is worth ten cents, and an orange is
worth four cents, how many cents are they both worth ?
Ilo\v much more is the melon worth than the orange ?
24. Mary had nine cents, and her mother gave her
three ; how many cents had Mary then ?
25. Robert had ten peaches, but he has given four
of them to David ; how many peaches has Robert
now ? How many more than David ?
26. Mr. Day bought a barrel of flour for ten dollars,
and sold it for two dollars more than he gave for it ;
how much did he receive for it ?
ARITHMETIC. 11
27. A boy having twelve walnuts, gave away five
of them ; how many had he left ?
28. Bought a ton of coal for ten dollars, and a cord
of wood for six dollars ; what did I pay for both ?
How much more for the coal than for the wood ?
LESSON II.
1. Two and one are how many?
2. Three and one are how many ?
3. Four and one are how many ?
4. Five and one are how many ?
5. Six and one are how many ?
6. Seven and one are how many ?
7. Eight and one are how many ?
8. Nine and one are how many?
9. Ten and one are how many?
10. Two and two are how many ?
11. Three and two are how many?
12. Four and two are how many?
13. Five and two are how many ?
14. Six and two are how many?
15. Seven and two are how many?
1 6. Eight and two are how many ?
17. Nine and two are how many ?
18. Ten and two are how many?
19. Two and three are how many?
20. Three and three are how many?
21. Four and three are how many?
22. Five and three are how many ?
23. Six and three are how many ?
24. Seven and three are how many ?
25. Eight and three are how many ?
26. Nine and three are how many?
27. Ten and three are how many?
28. Two and four are how many ?
29. Three and four are how many ?
2 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. I.
30. Four and four are how many?
3 1 . Five and four are how many ?
32. Six and four are how many ?
33. Seven and four are how many?
34. Eight and four are how many?
35. Nine and four are how many ?
36. Ten and four are how many ?
37. Two and five are how many?
38. Three and five are how many ?
39. Four and five are how many ?
40. Five and five are how many ?
41. Six and five are how many ?
42. Seven and five are how many?
43. Eight and five are how many ?
44. Nine and five are how many?
45. Ten and five are how many ?
46. Two and six are how many?
47. Three and six are how many?
48. Four and six are how many?
49. Five and six are how many ?
50. Six and six are how many?
51. Seven and six are how many ?
52. Eight and six are how many?
53. Nine and six are how many?
54. Ten and six are how many?
55. Two and seven are how many ?
56. Three and seven are how many?
57. Four and seven are how many ?
58. Five and seven are how many?
59. Six and seven are how many ?
60. Seven and seven are how many ?
61. Eight and seven are how many?
62. Nine and seven are how many ?
63. Ten and seven are how many ?
64. Two and eight are how many?
65. Three and eight are how many ?
66. Four and eight are how many?
I.ES. III.] ARITHMETIC. 13
67. Five and eight are how many?
68. Six and eight are how many?
69. Seven and eight are how many?
70. Eight and eight are how many?
71. Nine and eight are how many?
72. Ten and eight are how many ?
73. Two and nine are how many ?
74. Three and nine are how many ?
75. Four and nine are how many ?
76. Five and nine are how many ?
77. Six and nine are how many?
78. Seven and nine are how many ?
79. Eight and nine are how many?
80. Nine and nine are how many?
81. Ten and nine are how many?
82. Two and ten are how many?
83. Three and ten are how many?
84. Four and ten are how many ?
85. Five and ten are how many ?
86. Six and ten are how many?
87. Seven and ten are how many?
88. Eight and ten are how many?
89. Nine and ten are how many ?
90. Ten and ten are how many ?
LESSON III.
1. JOSEPH bought three apples for three cents,
and seven apples for seven cents ; how many apples
did he buy ? How many cents did he pay for all the
apples ?
2. John bought three tops for six cents, and Abel
bought nine tops for eight cents ; how many tops did
they both buy ? How many cents did they pay for
them ?
3. A man bought three barrels of apples for eight
dollars, and twelve bushels of potatoes for nine dollars ;
14 INTELLECTUAL
[SEC. I.
how much did he give for the whole ? How much
less for the apples than for the potatoes ?
4. A man owing fifteen dollars, paid five dollars ;
how much did he still owe ?
5. A man owing fourteen dollars, paid all but six
dollars ; how much did he pay ?
6. A lady bought ten yards of ribbon, and nine
yards of braid ; how many yards of both did she buy ?
How much more ribbon than braid ?
7. A man bought three sheep for fifteen dollars, and
six lambs for five dollars ; how many animals did he
buy ? How many more lambs than sheep ? How
many dollars did he pay for all ?
8. A boy bought sixteen marbles, but lost five of
them ; how many had he left ?
9. A boy having eighteen marble?, lost a part of
them, and had twelve left ; how many did he lo^e ?
10. A man bought a cow for twenty dollars, but
could not sell her for so much by six dollars ; for what
sum could he sell her ?
11. Two boys, Richard and Martin, played at mar-
bles. When they began to play they had eight mar-
bles apiece, but when they finished their game, Richard
had won three ; how many marbles had each then ?
12. A man bought eighteen pounds of sugar, and
lost six pounds of it as he was carrying it home ; how
many pounds had he left ?
13. A boy bought nineteen chickens, and a cat
killed all but ten of them ; how many did the cat kill ?
14. A merchant bought a firkin of butter for eigh-
teen dollars, but, it being damaged, he sold it again
for fourteen dollars ; how much did he lose ?
15. A farmer bought a colt for fifteen dollars; he
paid five dollars for keeping it, and then sold it for
twenty-three dollars ; how much did he gain ?
1 G. Ten boys and nine boys are how many boys ?
L 17. Ten birds and nine birds are how many birds ?
,ES. IV.] ARITHMETIC.
LESSON IV.
1. Two and one are how many?
2. Two and two are how many ?
3. Four and two are how many ?
4. Seven and two are how many ?
5. Five and two are how many ?
6. Nine and two are how many ?
7. Six and two are how many ?
8. Eight and two are how many ?
9. Three and two are how many ?
10. Ten and two are how many?
11. Two and three are how many ?
12. Six and three are how many?
13. Four and three are how many ?
14. Seven and three are how many ?
15. Three and three are how many?
1 6. Five and three are how many ?
17. Eight and three are how many ?
18. Ten and three are how many ?
19. Nine and three are how many ?
20. Five and four are how many?
21. Two and four are how many?
22. Four and four are how many?
23. Three and four are how many ?
24. Six and four are how many?
25. Nine and four are how many ?
2 6. Seven and four are how many ?
27. Ten and four are how many ?
28. Eight and four are how many ?
29. Two and five are how many ?
30. Three and six are how many ?
31. Six and five are how many ?
32. Seven and six are how many ?
33. Nine and six are how many ?
34. Eight and five are how many ?
35. Five and five are how many?
10 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. I.
36. Four and six are how many ?
37. Six and six are how many ?
38. Nine and five are how many?
39. Eight and six are how many?
40. Six and ten are how many?
41. Seven and eight are how many?
42. Eight and nine are how many?
43. Ten and eight are how many?
44. Eight and seven are how many?
45. Nine and nine are how many?
46. Ten and five are how many?
47. Ten and seven are how many?
48. Nine and eight are how many?
49. Ten and ten are how many ?
50. Three and ten are how many?
51. Seven and seven are how many?
52. Five and seven are how many ?
53. Nine and seven are how many ?
54. Eight and eight are how many?
55. Three and eight are how many?
56. Seven and ten are how many ?
57. Two and ten are how many?
58. Four and ten are how many?
59. Two and eight are how many?
60. Four and seven are how many ?
61. Four and eight are how many ?
62. Nine and ten are how many ?
LESSON V.
1. THREE less two are how many?
2. Five less one are how many?
3. Six less three are how many?
4. Six less two are how many ?
5. Seven less five are how many?
6. Six less four are how many?
7. Eight less three are how many?
LES. V.] ARITHMETIC. 17
8. Eight less five are how many ?
9. Nine less one are how many?
1 0. Nine less five are how many ?
11. Five less three are how many?
12. Nine less three are how many ?
13. Ten less two are how many ?
14. Eight less six are how many ?
15. Eight less two are how many?
16. Ten less seven are how many?
17. Eleven less ten are how many ?
18. Eleven less six are how many?
19. Ten less five are how many?
20. Ten less nine are how many ?
21. Twelve less six are how many?
22. Twelve less nine are how many ?
23. Eight less four are how many?
24. Thirteen less six are how many ?
25. Thirteen less two are how many?
26. Fifteen less ten are how many ?
27. Twenty less ten are how many?
28. Sixteen less six are how many ?
29. Sixteen less ten are how many ?
30. Fifteen less four are how many?
31. Eighteen less eight are how many ?
32. Eighteen less ten are how many?
33. Nineteen less one are how many ?
34. Seventeen less three are how many ?
35. Seventeen less ten are how many ?
36. Eighteen less six are how many?
37. Nineteen less nine are how many?
38. Twenty less five are how many ?
39. Twenty-five less five are how many ?
40. Twenty-six less three are how many ?
41. Eight and six, less four, are how many ?
42. Ten and eight, less six, are how many ?
43. Four and nine, less seven, are how many ?
44. Sixteen and six, less two, are how many ?
18 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. I
LESSON VI.
1. TRREE boys, James, William, and George, wen*
a fishing. James caught six fishes, William caught
four, and George caught three ; how many did they
all catch ? How many more did James catch than
George ?
2. Three girls, Mary, Ella, and Frances, gave some
flowers to their teacher. Mary gave her seven ; Ella,
three ; and Frances, four : how many flowers did the
teacher receive ? How many less did Ella give than
Mary ?
3. Joseph had seven peaches ; David, seven ; and
Thomas, nine. Joseph gave two to George, David
gave him three, and Thomas gave him one ; how many
peaches did each of the boys then have ?
4. A boy gave live apples to one of his companions ;
to another, eight ; to another, three ; and kept four
himself: how many had he at first ?
5. A generous boy having eighteen peaches, gave
three of them to one companion, six to another, and
five to another ; how many did he give away ? How
many did he keep ?
6. A man paid three dollars for some sugar, six
dollars for two barrels of apples, ten dollars for a bar-
rel of flour, and had six dollars left ; how many dollars
had he at first ?
7. A boy having twenty-five cents, paid ten cents
for a melon, four cents for an orange, and gave away
six cents ; how many cents had he remaining ?
8. A boy bought a ball for sixteen cents ; he gave
ten cents to have it covered, and then sold it for thirty-
two cents ; how much did he gain by the bargains ?
9. A man bought a cow for eighteen dollars ; he
paid nine dollars for pasturing her, and then sold her
for twenty-five dollars ; how much did he lose by the
bargains ?
LES. VII.] ARITHMETIC. 10
10. A tailor bought some cloth for fifteen dollars ; he
paid seven dollars to have it made into a coat, and
then sold the coat for twenty-seven dollars ; how much
did he gain on the coat ?
LESSON VII.
1. IF one lemon is worth two cents, what are two
lemons worth ? What are three worth ?
2. What cost two oranges, at three cents apiece ?
3. What cost four yards of cloth, at three dollars a
yard ? What at four dollars a yard ?
4. There are three feet in one yard ; how many
feet are there in five yards ? In six yards ? In six
yards and one foot ? In ten yards and two feet ?
5. Bought two oranges at five cents apiece, and four
lemons at three cents apiece ; what did I pay for the
oranges ? What for the lemons ? For both ?
6. Sold seven barrels of apples at two dollars a bar-
rel, and two cords of wood at five dollars a cord ; how
many dollars did I receive for the apples ? For the
wood ? For both ?
7. What cost five yards of ribbon, at ten cents a
yard ? At nine cents ?
8. If I recite three lessons each day, how many
shall I recite in six days ? In ten days ?
9. If four bushels of wheat make a barrel of flour,
how many bushels will make six barrels ? Eight bar-
rels?
10. What cost five pineapples, at ten cents each ?
At eight cents ?
1 1 . What will six barrels of flour cost, at eight dol-
lars a barrel ? At ten dollars ?
12 If a horse travel eight miles in an hour, how far
will he travel in seven hours ?
13. What cost ten pounds of sugar, at nine cents a
pound ? At ten c^rits ?
20 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. I.
14. "What is the value of nine dove?, at nine cents
apiece ? At eleven cents ?
15. If a man earn seven dollars in one week, how
much will he earn in seven weeks ? In ten weeks ?
LESSON VIII.
1. Two times one are how many?
2. Two times two are how many?
3. Two times three are how many ?
4. Two times four are how many ?
5. Two times five are how many?
6. Two times six are how many?
7. Two times seven are how many?
8. Two times eight are how many ?
9. Two times nine are how many ?
10. Two times ten are how many ?
11. Two times eleven are how many?
12. Two times twelve are how many ?
13. Three times one are how many?
14. Three times two are how many ?
15. Three times three are how many ?
1 6. Three times four are how many ?
17. Three times five are how many?
18. Three times six are how many?
19. Three times seven are how many?
20. Three times eight are how many?
21. Three times nine are how many?
22. Three times ten are how many?
23. Three times eleven are how many ?
24. Three times twelve are how many ?
25. Four times one are how many ?
26. Four times two are how many ?
27. Four times three are how many?
28. Four times four are how many ?
29. Four times five are how many ?
DO. Four times six are how many ?
ARITHMETIC.
21
3 1 . Four times seven arc how many ?
32. Four times eight are how many?
33. Four times nine are how many ?
34. Four times ten are how many ?
35. Four times eleven are how many ?
36. Four times twelve are how many ?
37. Five times one are how many?
38. Five times two are how many ?
39. Five times three are how many ?
40. Five times four are how many ?
41. Five times five are how many ?
42. Five times six are how many?
43. Five times seven are how many?
44. Five times eight are how many?
45. Five times nine are how many?
46. Five times ten are how many ?
47. Five times eleven are how many ?
48. Five times twelve are how many ?
49. Six times one are how many ?
50. Six times two are how many?
51. Six times three are how many ?
52. Six times four are how many ?
53. Six times five are how many ?
54. Six times six are how many ?
55. Six times seven are how many?
56. Six times eight are how many ?
57. Six times nine are how many ?
58. Six times ten are how many ?
59. Six times eleven are how many?
GO. Six times twelve are how many ?
61. Count to fifty, by twos, using the even num-
bers ; thus, two, four, six, eight, etc.
62. Count backward, by twos, from fifty ; thus, fifty,
forty-eight, forty-six, etc.
63. Count by twos to forty-nine, using the odd
numbers ; thus, one, three, five, etc.
64. Count backward, by two-, from forty-nine ; thus,
forty-nine, forty -seven, forty-five, etc.
22 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. I.
LESSON IX.
! 1. Two and three, less one, are how many ?
2. Five and four, less three, are how many ?
3. Ten and two and one, less five, are how many ?
4. Six and ten and two, less eight, are how many ?
5. Three times six, less four, are how many?
6. Four times five, less nine, are how many ?
7. Eight times two, less ten, are how many ?
8. Three and six, less four, are how many ?
9. Five times five, less five, are how many ?
10. Six times six, less six, are how many?
11. Six times six, and six, are how many ?
12. Ten times two, less six, are how many ?
13. Five times six, and seven, are how many ?
14. Eight and six and two, less ten, are how many ?
15. Ten and six and five, less nine, are how many ?
16. Ten times two, less eight, are how many?
17. Ten and five, less nine, are how many?
18. Ten and eight, less six, are how many ?
19. Ten and ten, less five, are how many?
20. Sold a sheep for six dollars and a shote for
ten dollars, and afterward paid three dollars for a pig ;
how many dollars had I then ?
21. Nellie found six peaches on one tree and eight
on another, but she has eaten two and given three to
Jane ; how many has she remaining ?
22. A boy walked from home twelve miles on one
day, and ten miles on the next day, but on the
third day he returned seven miles ; how far from
home was he then ?
23. Samuel had forty cents, but he has given five
of them for a ball, and three for an orange ; how many
cents has he now ?
24. Daniel sold six doves at twelve cents apiece,
and bought five chickens at ten cents apiece ; how
much money had he left ?
LES. X.I ARITHMETIC. 23
25. Thomas sold five melons, at ten cents each, and
paid twenty-five cents for a book, and ten cents for a
slate ; how many cents had he remaining ?
2G. A man having fifty dollars, paid twenty dollars
for a coat, six dollars for a pair of pantaloons, and four
dollars for a vest ; how many dollars had he left ?
27. A boy found fourteen eggs in one nest, and
eight less in another ; how many eggs did he find in
the second nest ? How many in both nests ?
LESSON X.
1. IF two lambs cost six dollars, what will one
lamb cost ?
2. How many peaches, at two cents apiece, can
you buy for six cents ?
3. If I walk four miles per hour, in how many
hours shall I walk eight miles ?
4. If I walk eight miles in two hours, how many
miles do I walk in one hour ? How many miles in
three hours ?
5. At three dollars a yard, how many yards of
cloth can I buy for nine dollars ? For twelve dollars ?
6. If you pay twelve dollars for four yards of
cloth, what is the price of one yard ?
7. Twelve apples were divided equally between
three boys ; how many apples did each boy receive ?
8. In a certain orchard there are fifteen trees stand-
ing in rows, and there are five trees in each row ; how
many rows are there ?
9. I have twenty trees, standing in four equal rows ;
how many trees are there in each row ?
10. How many barrels of apples, at three dollars a
barrel, can I buy for fifteen dollars ? For eighteen
dollars ?
11. How many pears, at two cents apiece, can you
buy for eighteen cents ? For twenty cents ?
24 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. I.
12. How many oranges, at four cents apiece, can
you buy for twenty cents ? For twenty-four cents ?
13. Bought four barrels of flour for twenty-eight
dollars ; what was the price of one barrel ?
14. Paid twenty-five cents for five oranges; how
many cents did I pay for one orange ? For two ?
15. How many spools of thread, at eight cents a
spool, can be bought for thirty-two cents ? For forty
cents ?
1 6. Paid thirty-six cents for six spools of thread ;
how many cents did I pay for one spool ? For four ?
17. A farmer sowed twenty-eight bushels of oats
on seven acres of land ; how many bushels did he
sow on one acre ? On five acres ?
18. If I pay thirty-five dollars for five cords of wood,
what is the price of one cord ?
19. If coal is worth six dollars a ton, how many
tons can I buy for forty-two dollars? For twenty-
four dollars ?
20. If a bird can fly twelve miles in one hour, in
what time can it fly twenty-four miles ? Thirty-six
miles ?
21. If wood is worth six dollars a cord, and coal is
worth eight dollars a ton, how many cords of wood
will pay for three tons of coal ?
LESSON XL
1. FOUR are how many times two?
2. Six are how many times two ?
3. Six are how many times three ?
4. Eight are how many times two ? Four ?
5. Ten are how many times five ? Two ?
G. Nine are how many times three ?
7. Twelve are how many times three ? Six?
8. Twelve are how many times Two ? Four ?
9. Fourteen are how many times seven ?
LES. XL] * ARITHMETIC. 25
10. Fifteen are how many times five ? Three ?
11. Sixteen are how many times four ? Two ?
12. Eighteen are how many times two ? Six ?
13. Eighteen are how many times three? Nine?
14. Twenty are how many times five? Two?
15. Twenty-one are how many times seven?
1 6. Twenty-four are how many times six ? Two ?
17. Twenty-four are how many times four ? Eight ?
18. Twenty-four are how many times three?
19. Three times four are how many times three?
20. Five times eight are how many times four ?
21. Six times five are how many times ten ?
22. Four times nine are how many times six ?
23. Four times six are how many times eight ?
24. Ten times four are how many times eight ?
25. Eight times six are how many times twelve ?
26. Six in twelve, how many times ?
27. Three in twenty-one, how many times ?
28. Five in thirty-five, how many times ?
29. Eight in thirty-two, how many times ?
30. In forty-two, how many times six ?
31. In forty-eight, how many times eight ?
32. In thirty-five, how many times seven ?
33. In forty-nine, how many times seven?
34. In fifty, how many times ten ? Five ?
35. Eleven in fifty-five, how many times ?
36. Eight in fifty-six, how many times ?
37. Twelve in sixty, how many times ?
38. Eight in seventy-two, how many times ?
39. Nine in sixty- three, how many times ?
40. Five in fifty-five, how many times ?
41. Eight times nine are how many times twelve ?
42. Five times twelve are how many times six ?
43. Three times fourteen are how many times six ?
44. Three times fifteen are how many times nine ?
45. Three times twenty are how many times Iwelve ?
46. Eight times nine are how many times six?
26
INTELLECTUAL
[SBC. II.
SECTION SECOND.
LESSON I.
REMARKS. 1. Instead of writing the names of
numbers, it is customary to express them by certain
marks, or characters, called figures.
2. These figures are ten in number, and are called
Arabic figures.
3. Taken separately, each figure means the same as
the word placed under it in the following lines ; thus,
0, 1, 2, 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Naught, One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine.
4. To express numbers greater than nine, these fig-
ures are repeated and combined in various ways ; thus,
10 .
.... ten.
25,
. ... twenty-five.
11. .
. . eleven.
26,
. twenty-six.
12. .
. . . twelve.
27,
. twenty -seven.
13,.
14,.
15, .
. . . thirteen.
. . . fourteen.
. fifteen.
28,
29,
30,
. . twenty-eight.
. . twenty-nine.
. . . thirty.
16,.
... sixteen.
31,
. thirty-one.
17,.
18,.
19,.
20, .
. . . seventeen.
. . . eighteen.
. . . nineteen.
. . twenty.
40,
41,
90,
99,
. . . forty.
. . . forty -one.
. . . . ninety.
. . ninety-nine.
21,.
22,.
23,.
24,.
. . twenty-one.
. . twenty-two.
. . twenty-three.
. . twenty-four.
100,
102,
205,
900,
. one hundred,
one hundred and two.
two hundred and five.
. . . nine hundred.
NOTE. It is presumed that the pupil is familiar with all the
figures, and the manner of combining them so as to express
small numbers, like those in the above Table, previous to study-
ing this book. If, however, this is found to be untrue in any
case, such pupil should be exercised by the teacher, upon the
' blackboard or elsewhere, until he can readily write in figures
any number less than 1000.
LES. II.] ARITHMETIC. 27
5. To abbreviate expressions, and to indicate the
relations of numbers to each other, we sometimes use
signs instead of words.
(5. This mark, $, is often used as a sign of the word
dollar, or dollars ; thus, the expression $1, stands for
one dollar ; $4 stands for four dollars.
7. The sign of equality, =, signifies that the
quantities between which it stands are equal to each
other ; thus, $1 = 100 cents ; that is, one dollar equals
one hundred cents.
8. The sign of addition, -\-, called plus or and,
denotes that the quantities between which it stands
are to be added together ; thus, 3 -j- 2 = 5 ; that is,
three plus two equals five, or three and two are five.
9. The sign of subtraction, , called minus or less,
signifies that the number after it is to be taken from
the number before it ; thus, 7 4=3; that is, seven
minus four, or seven less four, equals three.
10. The sign of multiplication, X? signifies that the
two numbers between which it stands are to be multi-
plied together ; thus, 6 X 5 = 30 ; that is, six multi-
plied by five equals thirty, or six times five are thirty.
11. The sign of division, -J-, indicates that the num-
ber before it is to be divided by the number after it ;
thus, 8 - 2 = 4 ; that is, eight divided by two equals
four, or two in eight, four times.
LESSON II.
1. MASSACHUSETTS has 14 counties, Rhode Island
has 5, and Connecticut has 8 ; how many counties have
the three States ? Ans. 14 + 5 -f 8 = 27.
2. How many more counties has Massachusetts
than Rhode Island ? Ans. 14 5 = 9.
3. If I pay $9 for a barrel of flour, $8 for a hun-
dred pounds of pork, and $3 for a bushel of beans,
how many dollars shall I pay for all ?
28
INTELLECTUAL
[SEC. II.
4. If a ton of coal costs $8, and a cord of wood
costs $5, what do they both cost ? How much more
does the coal cost than the wood ?
5. How many are 9 + 8 + 3 ? 9 - 3 ?
6. How many are 6 -f- 4 + 7 ? 8 5 ?
7. How many are 7 + 5 + 9 ? 9 7 ?
8. How many are 5 + 8 + 7 ? 7 5 ?
9. How many are 8 -f 6 -f- 7 ? 8 6?
10. How many are 6 -j- 7 + 4 ? 9 5 ?
11. If 1 barrel of flour costs $9, what will 8 barrels
cost ? Ans. $9X8= $72.
12. How many are 12x5? 11X7?
13. How many are 6 X 7 ? 9X6?
14. How many are 10 X 5 ? 8X7?
15. How many are5xll? 6X12?
16. How many are 9 X 7 ? 5XH?
17. How many are 7 X 10 ? 6X8?
18. How many are 9 X 10 ? 6X7?
19. How many are 4 X 12 ? 7X8?
20. If 8 pounds of sugar cost 72 cents, what is the
price of 1 pound? Ans. 72 cents -=- 8 = 9 cents.
21. How many are 56 7 ? 63 -4- 9 ?
22. How many are 32 8 ? 24 -*- 6 ?
23. How many are 40 5 ? 42 ~ 6 ?
24. How many are 56 8 ? 56 -^- 7 ?
25. How many are 60 10 ? 45 -*- 9 ?
26. How many are 72 12 ? 66 -^ 6 ?
27. How many are 49 7 ? 64 -f- 8 ?
28. How many are 8 6 ? 9 + 7 ?
29. How many are 7X8 6? 8X^ + 8?
30. How many are 48 -f- 4 -f- 3 ? 60 -f- 10 2 ?
31. How many are 9 + 6 + 8 3 ? 48 -*- 6 -f 3 ?
32. Take 6, add 4, multiply by 2, divide by 5, divide
by 2, add 7, divide by 3, multiply by 4, subtract 2 ;
result ?
33. Take 9, subtract 3, divide by 2, add 5, multiply
by 4, subtract 2, divide by 6, add 7 ; result ?
LES. III.] ARITHMETIC. 2'J
LESSON III.
1. A MAN bought a tub of butter for 12 dollars,
and a cheese for 4 dollars ; how many dollars did he
pay for both ?
2. A farmer has 8 cows in one pasture, and 12 in
another ; how many has he in both ? How many
more in one than in the other ?
3. George found 6 marbles, Arthur gave him 10,
and he bought 8 ; how many marbles had he then ?
4. One morning Mary found in her flower-garden
8 roses, 5 peonies, 7 tulips, and 10 other blossoms ;
she picked 4 roses, 1 peony, 3 tulips, and 7 other
blossoms ; how many blossoms did she find ? How
many did she leave in the garden ?
5. A farmer sold 8 bushels of wheat, 9 bushels of
corn, 3 bushels of rye, and 7 bushels of barley ; how
many bushels of grain did he sell ?
6. A drover bought 10 sheep of one man, 7 of another,
and 8 of another, and he afterwards sold 12 sheep ;
how many did he buy ? How many did he keep ?
7. If I earn 12 dollars, and spend 7 dollars, a week,
how many dollars shall I save in a week ? How
many in 4 weeks ?
8. Bought 9 yards of cloth, at 4 dollars a yard, and
sold the whole of it for 9 dollars more than I paid ;
what did I receive for the 9 yards ? What for each
yard ?
9. Bought 8 yards of cloth, at 5 dollars a yard, and
sold all of it for 32 dollars ; did I gain or lose ? How
much on the whole ? How much on a yard ?
1(X Mr. Flint had 10 sheep in each of 5 pastures,
but he has sold 5 from one pasture, 7 from another
and 8 from another ; how many sheep has he now ?
11. When flour is worth 8 dollars a barrel, and hay
12 dollars a ton, how many tons of hay will pay for 6
barrels of flour ?
36 INTELLECTUAL [-KC. II
12. In a certain orchard there were 7 rows of trees,
and 8 trees in each row, but 2 trees have been taken
from each row ; how many trees still remain in the
orchard ?
13. Daniel, Joseph, and James went a fishing.
James caught 2 fishes, Joseph caught 3 times as many
as James, and Daniel caught twice as many as James
and Joseph together ; how many did Daniel catch ?
14. Thomas had twice 15 peaches, which he divided
equally between his 3 brothers ; how many did he
give to each ?
15. The distance from Boston to Maiden is 5 miles ;
from Maiden to Reading, 7 miles; from Eeading ta
Wilmington, 3 miles ; from Wilmington to Andover,
8 miles ; from Andover to Lawrence, 3 miles : how far
is it from Boston to Lawrence ?
16. The distance from Boston to Somerville is 3
miles ; from Somerville to Waltham, 7 rrifteg ; from
Waltham to Concord, 10 miles ; from Concord to Little-
ton, 1 1 miles ; from Littleton to Groton, 4 miles ; from
Groton to Fitchburg, 15 miles: how far is it from
Boston to Fitchburg ?
LESSON IV.
THE following exercises are designed to discipline
the pupil in changing from one subject to another
with rapidity and accuracy.
Let the examples be read across the page ; thus, 1
and 1 are 2 ; 1 from 2 leaves 1 ; once 1 is 1 ; 1 in 1 ,
once ; etc. etc.
1 and 1 ? 1 from 2 ? once 1 ? 1 in 1 ?
1 and 2 ? 1 from 3 ? once 2 ? 1 in 2 ?
1 and 3 ? 1 from 4 ? once 3 ? 1 in 3 ?
1 and 4 ? 1 from 5 ? once 4 ? 1 in 4 ?
1 and 5 ? 1 from 6 ? once 5 ? 1 in 5 ?
1 and 6 ? 1 from 7 ? once 6 ? 1 in G ?
LES. IV.] AEITHMETIC. 31
1 and 7 ?
1 from 8 ?
once 7 ?
1 in 7?
1 and 8 ?
1 from 9 ?
once 8 ?
1 in 8?
1 and 9 ?
1 from 10 ?
once 9 ?
1 in 9?
1 and 10 ?
1 from 11?
once 10 ?
1 in 10 ?
1 and 11 ?
1 from 12?
once 11 ?
1 in 11 ?
1 and 12 ?
1 from 13 ?
once 12 ?
1 in 12 ?
2 and 1?
2 from 3?
2 times 1 ?
2 in 2?
2 and 2?
2 from 4?
2 times 2 ?
2 in 4?
2 and 3?
2 from 5?
2 times 3 ?
2 in 6?
2 and 4?
2 from 6?
2 times 4?
2 in 8?
2 and 5?
2 from 7?
2 times 5 ?
2 in 10?
2 and 6?
2 from 8?
2 times 6 ?
2 in 12?
2 and 7?
2 from 9?
2 times 7 ?
2 in 14?
2 and 8?
2 from 10 ?
2 times 8 ?
2 in 16?
2 and 9?
2 from 11 ?
2 times 9?
2 in 18?
2 and 10?
2 from 12?
2 times 10?
2 in 20 ?
2 and 11?
2 from 13?
2 times 11?
2 in 22?
2 and 12 ?
2 from 14?
2 times 12?
2 in 24?
3 and 1 ?
3 from 4 ?
3 times 1?
3 in 3?
3 and 2?
3 from 5?
3 times 2?
3in 6?
3 and 3?
3 from 6 ?
3 times 3?
Sin 9?
3 and 4?
3 from 7?
3 times 4 ?
3 in 12?
3 and 5?
3 from 8?
3 times 5 ?
3 in 15?
3 and 6?
3 from 9?
3 times 6?
Sin 18?
3 and 7 ?
3 from 10 ?
3 times 7?
3 in 21 ?
3 and 8 ?
3 from 11?
3 times 8?
3 in 24 ?
3 and 9 ?
3 from 12?
3 times 9?
3 in 27 ?
3 and 10 ?
3 from 13?
3 times 10 ?
3 in 30 ?
3 and 11?
3 from 14 ?
3 times 11?
3 in 33 ?
3 and 12?
3 from 15 ?
3 times 12?
3 in 36?
4 and 1?
4 from 5 ?
4 times 1 ?
4 in 4?
4 and 2?
4 from 6 ?
4 times 2?
4 in 8?
4 and 3?
4 from 7?
4 times 3?
^ in 12?
4 and 4 ?
4 from 8?
4 times 4 ?
4 in 16?
4 and 5?
4 from 9?
4 times 5 ?
4 in 20 ?
4 and 6 ?
4 from 10 ?
4 times 6 ?
4 in 24?
32 INTELLECTUAL
4 and 7?
4 from 11 ?
4 times 7 ?
4 in 28 ?
4 and 8?
4 from 12 ?
4 times 8?
4 in 32 ?
4 and 9?
4 from 13 ?
4 times 9 ?
4 in 36?
4 and 10 ?
4 from 14 ?
4 times 10?
4 in 40 ?
4 and 11 ?
4 from 15 ?
4 times 11?
4 in 44 ?
4 and 12? 4 from 16? 4 times 12? 4 in 48?
LESSON V.
1. How many are nine and two ? Nineteen and
two ? Twenty-nine and two ? Thirty-nine and two ?
Forty-nine and two ? Fifty-nine and two ? Sixty-
nine and two? Seventy -nine and two? Eighty-nine
and two ? Ninety -nine and two ?
2. How many are nine and three ? Nineteen and
three? Twenty-nine and three? Thirty-nine and
three ? Forty-nine and three ? Fifty-nine and three ?
Sixty-nine and three ? Seventy-nine and three ?
Eighty-nine and three ? Ninety-nine and three ?
3. How many are nine and four ? Nineteen and
four? Twenty-nine and four? Thirty-nine and four ?
Forty-nine and four ? Fifty-nine and four ? Sixty-
nine and four ? Seventy-nine and four? Eighty -nine
and four ? Ninty-nine and four ?
4. How many are nine and five ? Nineteen and
five ? Twenty -nine and five ? Thirty-nine and five ?
Forty-nine and five ? Fifty -nine and five ? Sixty-nine
and five ? Seventy -nine and five ? Eighty -nine and
five ? Ninety-nine and five ?
5. How many are nine and six ? Nineteen and
six ? Twenty-nine and six ? Thirty-nine and six ?
Forty-nine and six ? Fifty-nine and six ? Sixty-nine
and six? Seventy -nine and six? Eighty-nine and
six ? Nj^ety-nine and six ?
6. How many are nine and seven ? Nineteen and
seven? Twenty-nine and seven? Thirty-nine and
seven ? Forty -nine and seven ? Fifty-nine and seven ?
LES. V.] ARITHMETIC. 33
Sixty-nine and seven ? Seventy-nine and seven ?
Eigiity-nine and seven ? Ninety-nine and seven ?
7. How many are nine and eight ? Nineteen and
eight ? Twenty -nine and eight ? Thirty-nine and
eight ? Forty-nine and eight ? Fifty-nine and eight ?
Sixty-nine and eight ? Seventy-nine and eight ?
Eighty-nine and eight ? Ninety-nine and eight ?
8. How many are nine and nine ? Nineteen and
nine ? Twenty-nine and nine ? Thirty-nine and nine ?
Forty-nine and nine ? Fifty-nine and nine ? Sixty-
nine and nine ? Seventy-nine and nine ? Eighty-nine
and nine ? Ninety-nine and nine ?
9. How many are nine and ten ? Nineteen and
ten ? Twenty-nine and ten ? Thirty-nine and ten ?
Forty-nine and ten ? Fifty-nine and ten ? Sixty-nine
and ten ? Seventy-nine and ten ? Eighty-nine and ten ?
Ninety-nine and ten ?
10. How many are eight and three ? Eighteen and
three ? Twenty-eight and three ? Thirty-eight and
three ? Forty-eight and three ? Fifty-eight and three ?
Sixty-eight and three ? Seventy-eight and three ?
Eighty-eight and three ? Ninety-eight and three ?
11. How many are eight and four ? Eighteen and
four ? Twenty-eight and four ? Thirty-eight and
four ? Forty-eight and four ? Fifty-eight and four ?
Sixty-eight and four? Seventy-eight and four?
Eighty-eight and four ? Ninety-eight and four ?
12. How many are eight and five? Eighteen and
five ? Twenty-eight and five ? Thirty-eight and five ?
Forty-eight and five ? Fifty-eight and five ? Sixty-
eight and five ? Seventy-eight and five ? Eighty-eight
and five ? Ninety-eight and five ?
13. How many are eight and six ? Eighteen and
six ? Twenty-eight and six ? Thirty-eight and six ?
Forty-eight and six ? Fifty-eight and six ? Sixty-
eight and six ? Seventy-eight and six ? Eighty-eight
and six ? Ninety-eight and six ?
34 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. II.
14. How many are eight and seven? Eighteen
and seven ? Twenty-eight and seven ? Thirty-eight
and seven ? Forty-eight and seven ? Fifty-eight and
seven? Sixty-eight and seven? Seventy -eight and
seven ? Eighty-eight and seven ? Ninety-eight and
seven ?
15. How many are eight and eight ? Eighteen and
eight ? Twenty-eight and eight ? Thirty-eight and
eight ? Forty-eight and eight ? Fifty-eight and eight ?
Sixty-eight and eight ? Seventy -eight and eight ?
Eighty-eight and eight ? Ninety-eight an.d eight ?
16. How many are eight and nine ? Eighteen and
nine ? Twenty-eight and nine ? Thirty-eight and
nine ? Forty-eight and nine ? Fifty-eight and nine ?
Sixty-eight and nine ? Seventy-eight and nine ?
Eighty-eight and nine ? Ninety-eight and nine ?
17. How many are eight and ten ? Eighteen and
ten ? Twenty-eight and ten ? Thirty-eight and ten ?
Forty-eight and ten ? Fifty-eight and ten ? Sixty-
eight and ten ? Seventy-eight and ten ? Eighty-
eight and ten ? Ninety-eight and ten ?
LESSON VI.
1. A MAN bought a eow for 28 dollars, a sheep for
10 dollars, and a calf for 6 dollars ; how much did he
pay for all ?
2. A farmer sold a tub of butter for 19 dollars,
some cheese for 9 dollars, and 3 barrels of apples for
6 dollars ; how much did he receive for all ?
3. A drover bought 48 sheep of one man, 10 of
another, and 7 of another ; how many sheep did he
buy?
4. A boy gave 39 cherries to one of his companions,
9 to another, and 3 to another ; how many cherries did
he give away ?
5. Bought a piece of land for 79 dollars, another
LES. VII.] ARITHMETIC. So
piece for 10 dollars, and another for 9 dollars ; what
did I pay for the whole ?
6. A grocer bought 4 barrels of flour for 28 dollar?,
20 bushels of oats for 10 dollars, and a hundred
weight of sugar for 9 dollars ; what did he pay for the
whole ?
7. How many are forty-eight and ten and six ?
8. How many are seventy and nine and six ?
9. How many are fifty-eight and ten, less six ?
10. Mr. Smith bought a horse for 69 dollars, and
paid 10 dollars for keeping him and 3 dollars for
shoeing him. He let the horse go on a journey, for
which he received 12 dollars, and then sold him fur
75 dollars ; how much did he gain ?
11. A man bought a piece of land for 89 dollars, and
paid 9 dollars for plowing a part of it, and 10 dollars
for fencing it. He received 15 dollars for the grass that
grew on it, and then sold it for 100 dollars ; how much
did he gain ?
LESSON VJL
1 . How many are 7 and 4 ? 1 7 and 4 ? 27 and 4 ?
37 and 4? 47 and 4? 57 and 4 ? G7 and 4? 77
and 4? 87 and 4 ? 97 and 4?
2. How many are 7 and 5 ? 17 and 5 ? 27 and 5 ?
37 and 5? 47 and 5 ? 57 ^nd 5? G7 and 5 ? 77
and 5? 87 and 5? 97 and 5 ?
3. How many are 7 and 6 ? 17 and 6 ? 27 and 6 ?
37 and 6? 47 and 6? 57 and 6? G7 and G? 77
and 6 ? 87 and G ? 97 and 6 ?
4. How many are 7 and 7 ? 17 and 7 ? 27 and 7 ?
37 and 7 ? 47 and 7 ? 57 and 7 ? G7 and 7 ? 77
and 7 ? 87 and 7 ? 97 and 7 ?
5. How many are 7 and 8 ? 17 and 8 ? 27 and 8 ?
37 and 8 ? 47 and 8 ? 57 and 8 ? 67 and 8 ? 77 and
8 ? 87 and 8 ? 97 and 8 ?
36 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. II.
6. How many are 7 and 9 ? 17 and 9 ? 27 and 9 ?
37 and 9 ? 47 and 9 ? 57 and 9 ? 67 and 9 ? 77 and
9 ? 87 and 9 ? 97 and 9 ?
7. How many are 7 and 10? 17 and 10? 27 and
10? 37 and 10? 47 and 10? 57 and 10? 67 and
10 ? 77 and 10 ? 87 and 10 ? 97 and 10 ?
8. How many are 6 and 5 ? 16 and 5 ? 26 and 5 ?
36 and 5 ? 46 and 5 ? 56 and 5 ? 66 and 5 ? 76 and
5 ? 86 and 5? 96 and 5 ?
9. How many are 6 and 6 ? 16 and 6 ? 26 and 6 ?
36 and 6 ? 46 and 6 ? 56 and 6 ? 66 and 6 ? 76 and
6? 86 and 6? 96 and 6?
10. How many are 6 and 7 ? 16 and 7 ? 26 and 7 ?
36 and 7? 46 and 7 ? 56 and 7? 66 and 7? 76 and
7? 86 and 7 ? 96 and 7 ?
11. How many are 6 and 8 ? 16 and 8 ? 26 and 8 ?
36 and 8 ? 46 and 8 ? 56 and 8 ? 66 and 8 ? 76 and
8? 86 and 8 ? 96 and 8 ?
12. How many are 6 and 9 ? 16 and 9 ? 26 and 9 ?
36 and 9 ? 46 and 9 ? 56 and 9 ? 66 and 9 ? 76 and
9? 86 and 9? 96 and 9?
13. How many are 6 and 10 ? 16 and 10 ? 26 and
10? 36 and 10? 46 and 10? 56 and 10? 66 and 10?
76 and 10? 86 and 10 ? 96 and 10?
14. How many are 5 and 6 ? 15 and 6 ? 25 and f> ?
35 and 6? 45 and 6 ? 55 and 6? 65 and 6? 75 and
6 ? 85 and 6 ? 95 and 6 ?
15. How many are 5 and 7 ? 15 and 7 ? 25 and 7 ?
35 and 7 ? 45 and 7 ? 55 and 7 ? 65 and 7 ? 75 and
7 ? 85 and 7 ? 95 and 7 ?
16. How many are 5 and 8 ? 15 and 8 ? 25 and 8 ?
35 and 8 ? 45 and 8 ? 55 and 8 ? 65 and 8 ? 75 and
8 ? 85 and 8 ? 95 and 8 ?
17. How many are 5 and 9 ? 15 and 9? 25 and 9 ?
35 and 9 ? 45 and 9 ? 55 and 9 ? 65 and 9 ? 75 and
9 ? 85 and 9 ? 95 and 9 ?
18. How many are 5 and 10 ? 15 and 10 ? 25 and
LES. VIIL] ARITHMETIC. 37
10? 35 and 10? 45 and 10? 55 and 10? 65 and
10 ? 75 and 10 ? 85 and 10 ? 95 arid 10 ?
19. How many are 4 and 7 ? 14 and 7 ? 24 and 7 ?
34 and 7 ? 44 and 7 ? 54 and 7 ? 64 and 7 ? 74 and
7 ? 84 and 7 ? 94 and 7 ?
20. How many are 4 and 8 ? 14 and 8 ? 24 and 8 ?
34 and 8? 44 and 8? 54 and 8 ? 64 and 8? 74 and
8? 84 and 8? 94 and 8 ?
21. How many are 4 and 9 ? 14 and 9? 24 and 9 ?
34 and 9 ? 44 and 9 ? 54 and 9 ? 64 and 9 ? 74 and
9 ? 84 and 9 ? 94 and 9 ?
22. How many are 4 and 10 ? 14 and 10 ? 24 and
10? 34 and 10? 44 and 10? 54 and 10? 64 and
10 ? 74 and 10 ? 84 and 10 ? 94 and 10 ?
23. How many are 3 and 8 ? 13 and 8 ? 23 and 8 ?
33 and 8 ? 43 and 8 ? 53 and 8 ? 63 and 8 ? 73 and
8 ? 83 and 8 ? 93 and 8 ?
24. How many are 3 and 9 ? 13 and 9 ? 23 and 9 ?
33 and 9 ? 43 and 9 ? 53 and 9 ? 63 and 9 ? 73 and
9 ? 83 and 9 ? 93 and 9 ?
25. How many are 3 and 10? 13 and 10? 23 and
10? 33 and 10? 43 and 10? 53 and 10? 63 and
10 ? 73 and 10 ? 83 and 10 ? 93 and 10 ?
26. How many are 2 and 9 ? 12 and 9 ? 22 and
9 ? 32 and 9 ? 42 and 9 ? 52 and 9 ? 62 and 9 ?
72 and 9 ? 82 and 9 ? 92 and 9 ?
27. How many are 2 and 10 ? 12 and 10 ? 22 and
10 ? 32 and 10 ? 42 and 10 ? 52 and 10 ? 62 and
10 ? 72 and 10 ? 82 and 10 ? 92 and 10 ?
LESSON VIIL
1. THOMAS paid 33 cents for an arithmetic, 9 cents
for a writing-book, and 8 cents for some ink ; how
niJiny cents did he pay for all ?
2. Abel bought a knife for 75 cents, a top for 10
cents, and a ball for 6 cents ; what did he pay for all ?
38 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. II.
3. Thirty-seven apples are growing on one branch,
8 on another, 9 on another, 6 on angther, and 9 on
another ; how many apples are growing on the five
branches ?
4. Twenty-five peaches were growing on one tree,
6 on another, and 9 on another ; but 10 have been
picked from the first tree, and 5 from the third ; how
many peaches remain on the three trees ?
5. How many are 26 and 8 and 9 and 7, less 5 ?
6. A poor woman bought a pound of cheese for 9
cents, a pound of crackers for 8 cents, and 3 pounds
ef sugar at 1 1 cents a pound ; how many cents did
she pay for all ?
7. A merchant sold 6 barrels of flour at 8 dollars
a barrel, and took his pay in hay at 12 dollars a ton ;
how many tons did he receive ? .
8. A farmer has 15 acres of corn, 8 acres of wheat,
5 acres of rye, and 9 acres of oats ; how many acres
of grain has he ?
9. A drover bought 27 cows of one man, 9 of an-
other, 6 of another, and 8 of another. He afterwards
sold 10 of them ; how many had he then ?
10. A sportsman caught 23 squirrels, 3 foxes, 8
rabbits, 10 woodchucks, and 9 birds ; how many ani-
mals did he catch ?
11. In a certain orchard there are 43 apple trees,
10 peach trees, 7 pear trees, 8 cherry trees, and 6 quince
trees ; how many trees are there in the orchard ?
12. A lady bought a silk* dress for 22 dollars, a
bonnet for 9 dollars, a shawl for 6 dollars, a pair of
shoes for 2 dollars, a pair of gloves for 1 dollar, and
had 10 dollars left ; how many dollars had she at
first?
13. A man paid 75 dollars for a horse, 9 dollars for
a saddle, 3 dollars for a bridle, and 1 dollar for a whip ;
what did they all cost him ?
11. A miller bought 54 bushels of wheat, 10 of rye,
LES. EX.] ARITHMETIC* #9
8 of corn, and 3 of buckwheat ; how many bushels of
grain did he buy ?
15. David has 37 cents in his purse, 8 in one pocket,
9 in another pocket, and seven in his hand ; how many
cents has he?
16. James had 37 cents, and George gave him 7,
Charles 6, Samuel 9, John 8, and he bought a top for
10 cents ; how many cents had he left?
17. A lady gave 50 dollars for a watch, 9 dollars
for a chain, 1 dollar for a key, and 5 dollars for a pin ;
how many dollars did she give for all ?
18. How many are 54 and 10 and 8 and 6, less 9 ?
19. How many are 83 and 7 and 9 and 5 and 3,
less 8?
LESSON IX.
1. How many are 11 less 2 ? 21 less 2 ? 31 less
2? 41 less 2 ? 51 less 2? 61 less 2 ? 71 less 2? 81
less 2? 91 less 2? 101 less 2?
2. How many are 11 less 3 ? 21 less 3? 31 less
3? 41 less 3? 51 less 3? 61 less 3 ? 71 less 3? 81
less 3? 91 less 3? 101 less 3?
3. How many are 11 less 9 ? 21 less 9 ? 31 less
9 ? 41 less 9 ? 51 less 9 ? 61 less 9 ? 71 less 9 ? 81
less 9 ? 91 less 9 ? 101 less 9 ?.
4. How many are 12 less 5 ? 22 less 5 ? 32 less
5? 42 less 5? 52 less 5 ? 62 less 5 ? 72 less 5? 82
less 5 ? 92 less 5 ? 102 less 5 ?
5. How many are 14 less 8 ? 24 less 8 ? 34 less
8 ? 44 less 8 ? 54 less 8 ? 64 less 8 ? 74 less 8 ? 84
less 8 ? 94 less 8 ? 104 less 8 ?
6. Thirty-six and 9 and 4 and 8, less 7, are how
many ?
7. Forty-four and 2 and 7 and 9 and 3 and 8 and
5, less 6, are how many ?
8. Fifty-nine and 5 and 6 and 7 and 3 and 8 and
4, less 2, are how many ?
40 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. II.
9. Sixteen and 4 and 10 and 12 and 8 and 3 and
9, less 7, are how many ?
10. Eighty-one and 9 and 10 and 3 and 8 and 6, less
7, are how many ?
LESSON X.
1. WHAT cost 9 yards of cloth, at $4 a yard?
2. What cost 8 pounds of sugar, at 9 cents a
pound ?
3. What cost 6 dozen of eggs, at 12 cents a dozen ?
4. A and B start from the same place and travel
in the same direction. A- at the rate of 9 miles an
hour and B 6 miles ; how far apart are they in 1 hour?
In 5 hours? In 8 hours? 10 hours? 12 hours? 20
hours ?
5. A and B start from the same place and travel
in opposite directions, A at the rate of 5 miles an
hour, and B 4 miles ; how far apart are they in 1
hour ? In 6 hours ? 9 hours ? 10 hours ? 12 hours ?
6. A man bought 9 yards of cloth, at 5 dollars a
yard, for a suit of clothes, and paid 6 dollars for mak-
ing the coat, 2 dollars for making the pantaloons, and
1 dollar for making the vest ; what did the suit cost ?
7. At 9 cents each, what will 6 pineapples cost?
8. At 5 dollars a pair, what will 9 pair of boots
cost? 6 pair? 10 pair ? 12 pair?
9. In my garden there are 7 rows of corn, and 9
hills in each row ; how many hills of corn are there in
the garden?
10. In 1 bushel there are 4 pecks ; how many pecks
are there in 3 bushels ? In 5 bushels ?
11. How many pecks are there in 5 bushels and 1
peck ? In 5 bushels and 3 peeks ?
12. In 1 peck there are 8 quarts; how many quarts
are there in 4 pecks ? Then how many quarts are there
in 1 bushel ? Why ?
S. XI^
LES. XI.] ARITHMETIC. 41
13. How many quarts are there in 1 bushel and 1
peck ? How many in 1 bushel and 2 pecks ? How
many in 1 bushel, 3 pecks, and 2 quarts ?
14. Count by twos from 50 to 100; thus, 50, 52,
54, etc.
15. Count backward from 100 thus : 100, 98, 96, etc.
16. Count by twos from 51 to 101 ; thus, 51, 53,
55, etc.
17. Count backward from 101 thus : 101, 99,
97, etc.
18. Count by threes to 99 ; thus, 3, 6, 9, etc.
19. fcount backward from 99 thus: 99, 96, 93, etc.
20. Count by threes from 1 to 100 ; thus, 1, 4, 7,
10, etc.
21. Count backward from 100 thus : 100, 97, 94, etc.
22. Count by threes from 2 to 101 ; thus, 2, 5, 8, etc.
23. Count backward from 101 thus : 101, 98, 95, etc.
LESSON XL
1. IN one pint there are 4 gills ; how many gills
are there in 3 pints ? In 5 pints ? In 2 pints and 3
gills?
2. In one quart there are 2 pints ; how many pints
are there in 3 quarts ? In 5 quarts ? In 7 quarts and
1 pint ?
3. How many gills are there in 1 quart? In 3
quarts ? In 5 quarts and 1 pint ? In 6 quarts, 1 pint,
and 3 gills ?
4. If wine costs 5 cents a gill, what will one quart
cost ? What will one quart and one pint cost ? Ono
quart, one pint, and two gills ?
5. In one gallon there are 4 quarts ; how many
quarts are there in 3 gallons? In 5 gallons? In 1
gallon nnl 3 quarts ?
6. How many pints are there in 1 gallon ? In 3
gallons ? In 1 gallon and 3 quarts ?
42 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. II.
7. How many pints are there in 1 gallon, 3 quarts,
and 1 pint?
8. When molasses is worth 7 cents a pint, what is
1 gallon worth ? What is 1 gallon and 1 quart worth ?
1 gallon, 2 quarts, and 1 pint ?
9. How many gills are there in 1 gallon ?
10. How many gills are there in 2 gallons and 2
quarts ?
11. How many gills are there in 1 gallon, 2 quarts,
and 1 pint ? In 2 gallons, 1 quart, 1 pint, and 3 gills ?
12. At 2 cents a pint, what will 8 quarts of milk
cost ? 3 quarts and 1 pint ?
13. At 3 cents a gill, what will 1 pint of wine cost ?
1 quart ? 2 quarts and 1 pint ? 3 quarts, 1 pint, and
2 gills?
14. At 4 cents a pint, what will 1 gallon of gin cost ?
15. At 10 cents a quart, what will 1 gallon of mo-
lasses cost ? 2 gallons and 3 quarts ?
1G. At 10 cents a gill, what will 3 pints of brandy
cost ? 1 quart, 1 pint, and 3 gills ?
17. If one peck of wheat costs 3 shillings, how many
shillings will one bushel cost ? How many dollars, if 6
shillings make 1 dollar ?
18. If cherries cost 8 cents a quart, what will 1
peck cost ? What 1 peck and 2 quarts ?
19. When beans are worth 5 cents a pint, what is 1
peck worth ? What 6 quarts and 1 pint ?
LESSON XII.
1. How many are 7 times 1 ? Once 7 ?
2. How many are 7 times 2 ? Twice 7 ?
3. How many are 7 times 3 ? 3 times 7 ?
4. How many are 7 times 4 ? 4 times 7 ?
5. How many are 7 times 5 ? 5 times 7 ?
6. How many are 7 times ? G times 7 ?
7. How many are 7 times 7 ?
LES. XII.]
ARITHMETIC.
43
8. How many are 7 times 8 ?
9. How many are 7 times
10. How many are 7 times 10 ?
1 1 . How many are 7 times 11?
12. How many are 7 times 12 ?
13. How many are 8 times
14. How many are 8 times
15. How many are 8 times
16. How many are 8 times
17. How many are 8 times
18. How many are 8 times
19. How many are 8 times
20. How many are 8 times
21. How many are 8 times
22. How many are 8 times 10 ?
23. How many are 8 times 11 ?
24. How many are 8 times 12 ?
25. How many are 9 times
26. How many are 9 times
27. How many are 9 times
28. How many are 9 times
29. How many are 9 times
30. How many are 9 times
81. How many are 9 times
32. How many are 9 times
33. How many are 9 times
34. How many are 9 times 10 ? 10 times 9 ?
35. How many are 9 times 11 ? 11 times 9?
36. How many are 9 times 12 ? 12 times 9 ?
37. Count by 4's to 100 ; thus, 4, 8, 12, etc. m
38. Count backward by 4's ; thus, 100, 96, 92, etc.
39. Count by 5's to 100 ; thus, 5, 10, 15, etc.
40. Count backward by 5's; thus, 100, 95, 90, etc.
41. Take 7, add 5, multiply by 4, add 2, divide by
5, subtract 2, multiply by 4, add 4, divide by 9, divide
by 2, multiply by 8, subtract 1, divide by 3, multiply
by 4, add 5 ; result ?
8?
8 times 7 ?
9?
9 times 7 ?
0?
10 times 7 ?
.1?
11 times 7?
.2?
12 times 7 ?
1?
Once 8?
2?
Twice 8 ?
3?
3 times 8 ?
4?
4 times 8 ?
5?
5 times 8 ?
6?
6 times 8 ?
7?
7 times 8 ?
8?
9?
9 times 8 ?
10?
10 times 8 ?
11?
11 times 8 ?
12?
12 times 8 ?
1?
Once 9?
2?
Twice 9 ?
3?
3 times 9 ?
4?
4 times 9 ?
5?
5 times 9 ?
6?
6 times 9 ?
7?
7 times 9 ?
8?
8 times 9 ?
9?
41 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. II.
LESSON XIII.
1. IF two men can cut a certain field of wheat in
four days, how many days will it take one man to cut
it?
2. If three men can do a piece of work in five
days, in how many days could one man do the same ?
3. If a quantity of provisions will serve five men
six days, how many days would the same provisions
serve one man ?
4. If a quantity of provisions will serve four men
five days, how many men would, the same provisions
serve one day ?
5. Six men built a piece of fence in seven days, but,
the fence being destroyed, it is necessary to rebuild it
in one day ; how many men must be employed to do
the work?
6. Paid twenty dollars for five yards of cloth ;
what was the price of one yard ?
7. If a horse can travel 6 miles in one hour, in how
many hours can he travel 18 miles ?
8. A butcher bought sheep at 7 dollars a head ;
how many did he buy for 28 dollars ? For 42 dol-
lars ?
9. At 8 dollars a barrel, how many barrels of flour
can I buy for 24 dollars ? For 40 dollars ?
10. At 7 dollars a barrel, what are 5 barrels of
flour worth ?
11. A laborer worked 5 months for 60 dollars;
what did he receive for 1 month ? For 3 months ?
12. If the interest of 1 dollar is 6 cents for a year,
what is the interest of 7 dollars for the same time ?
13. If the interest of 1 dollar is 6 cents for 1 year,
what is the interest of the same sum for 9 years ? For
12 years ?
14. If a man can earn six shillings in a day, how
many shillings can he earn in 5 days ? In 8 days ?
LES. XIV.] ARITHMETIC. 45
15. At $5 a week, what will 8 weeks' board cost ?
1 6. A man can earn 1 dollars in a month ; how
much can he earn in 7 months ? In 9 months ?
17. A man worked for 11 dollars a month, and
earned 77 dollars ; how long did he work ?
18. If 72 peaches are divided equally between 8
boys, how many does each receive ?
19. How many acres of land, at 12 dollars an acre,
may be bought for 36 dollars ? For 60 dollars ?
20. Seven days make a week ; how many days in 9
weeks ? In 12 weeks ?
21. A man can perform a journey in 63 hours ; in
how many days, of 9 hours each, can he perform it ?
LESSON XIV.
1. EIGHT are how many times 2 ? 4 ?
2. Ten are how many times 5? 2? 10? 1?
3. Twelve are how many times 2 ? 3 ? 6 ? 1 ?
4. Fourteen are how many times 2 ? 7 ? 1 1 ?
5. Fifteen are how many times 3 ? 5 ? 1 ?
Sixteen are how many times 2 ? 4 ? 8 ?
Eighteen are how many times 6? 9? 2 ? 3 ?
Twenty are how many times 4? 10? 2? 5?
Twenty-one are how many times 3 ? 7 ?
Twenty-four are how many times 3 ? 6 ? 8 ? 2 ?
Twenty-eight are how many times 4 ? 2 ? 7 ? 1 1 ?
Thirty are how many times 5 ? 10 ? 6 ? 3 ? 2 ?
Thirty-two are how many times 8? 4? 2 ? 1 G ?
Forty are how many times 8? 4? 5? 10?
Forty-two are how many times 6? 7? 3? 21?
Forty-five are how many times 3? 9? 5? 15?
Forty-eight are how many times 4 ? 8 ? 12 ? 6 ?
Fifty are how many times 5? 25? 10? 2?
Fifty-four are how many times 6?3? 9? 2?
Sixty-four are how many times 8 ? 4 ? 1 G ?
Seventy-two are how many times 8 ? 6 ? 9 ?
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
46 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. II.
22. If 4 horses eat 8 tons of hay in G months, how
many horses will eat 8 tons in 1 2 months ?
23. If 5 horses eat 10 tons of hay in G months, how
many tons will 7 horses eat in the same time ?
24. Bought G tons of coal at 8 dollars a ton, arid
paid for it with cloth at 4 dollars a yard ; how many
yards did it take ?
25. If 6 men can do a piece of work in 10 days*,
how many men can do the same in 15 days ? In 5 days ?
26. If G men can do a piece of work in 15 days, in
how many days can 10 men do the same? 30 men?
27. How many barrels of pork, at 12 dollars a bar-
rel, will pay for 10 barrels of flour, at 6 dollars a
barrel ?
28. How many 8's in 16 ? In 48 ? In 72 ?
29. How many 7's in 35 ? 63 ? 49 ? 28 ?
30. How many 9's in 36 ? 54? 27? 81?
31. How many 6'sin48? 60? 72? 3G ?
32. How many 10's in 30 ? 70? 90? 110?
33. How many 5'sin50? 35? 60? 25?
LESSON XV.
HEAD across the page thus : 5 and 1 are 6 ; 5 from
G leaves 1 ; 5 times 1 are 5 ; 5 in 5, once ; etc.
5 and 1?
5 from G?
5 times 1 ?
5 in 5 r
5 and 2 ?
5 from 7 ?
5 times 2 ?
5 in 10 ?
5 and 3 ?
5 from 8 ?
5 times 3 ?
5 in 15 r
5 and 4 ?
5 from 9?
5 times 4 ?
5 in 20 \
5 and 5 ?
5 from 10 ?
5 times 5 ?
5 in 25 :
5 and 6 ?
5 from 11 ?
5 times 6 ?
5 in 30 :
5 and 7 ?
5 from 12 ?
5 times 7 ?
5 in 35
5 and 8 ?
5 from 13 ?
5 times 8 ?
5 in 40
5 and 9 ?
5 from 14?
5 times 9 ?
5 in 45
5 and 10 ?
5 from 15 ?
5 times 10 ?
5 in 50
5 and 11?
5 from 16?
5 times 11 ?
5 in 55
5 and 12 ?
5 from 17 ?
5 times 12?
5 in GO
LES. XV.] ARITHMETIC. 47
6 and 1?
6 from 7?
6 times 1 ?
6 in G ?
6 and 2 ?
6 from 8?
6 times 2 ?
6 in 12 ?
6 and 3?
6 from 9 ?
6 times 3 ?
6 in 18 ?
6 and 4?
6 from 10 ?
6 times 4?
6 in 24 ?
6 and 5?
6 from 11?
6 times 5 ?
6 in 30 ?
6 and 6?
6 from 12 ?
6 times 6 ?
6 in 36 ?
6 and 7?
6 from 13 ?
6 times 7 ?
6 in 42 ?
6 and 8 ?
6 from 14?
6 times 8 ?
6 in 48 ?
6 and 9?
6 from 15 ?
6 times 9 ?
6 in 54 ?
6 and 10 ?
6 from 16?
6 times 10?
6 in 60 ?
6 and 11?
6 from 17 ?
6 times 11?
6 in GG ?
6 and 12?
6 from IS ? (
6 times 12?
6 in 72 ?
7 and 1?
7 from 8?
7 times 1 ?
7 in 7?
7 and 2?
7 from 9 ?
7 times 2 ?
7 in 14?
7 and 3?
7 from 10?
7 times 3 ?
7 in 21 ?
7 and 4?
7 from 11?
7 times 4 ?
7 in 28 ?
7 and 5 ?
7 from 12?
7 times 5 ?
7 in 35 ?
7 and 6?
7 from 13 ?
7 times 6 ?
7 in 42 ?
7 and 7?
7 from 14?
7 times 7 ?
7 in 49 ?
7 and 8?
7 from 15 ?
7 times 8 ?
7 in 56?
7 and 9?
7 from 16?
7 times 9 ?
7 in 63 ?
7 and 10 ?
7 from 17 ?
7 times 10 ?
7 in 70 ?
7 and 11?
7 from 18?
7 times 11?
7 in 77 ?
7 and 12?
7 from 19?
7 times 12 ?
7 in 84?
Sand 1?
8 from 9 ?
8 times 1 ?
Sin 8?
8 and 2 ?
8 from 10?
8 times 2 ?
8 in 16?
Sand 3?
8 from 11?
8 times 3 ?
Sin 24?
Sand 4?
8 from 12?
8 times 4?
8 in 32 ?
8 and 5 ?
8 from 13 ?
8 times 5 ?
8 in 40 ?
8 and 6 ?
8 from 14?
8 times 6?
8 in 48 ?
Sand 7?
8 from 15?
8 times 7 ?
8 in 56?
Sand 8?
8 from 16?
8 times 8?
8 in 64 ?
Sand 9?
8 from 17?
8 times 9 ?
S in 72 ?
Sand 10?
8 from 18 ?
8 times 10 ?
8 in 80 ?
S and 1 1 ?
8 from ID?
8 times 11?
8 in 88 ?
8 and 12?
8 from 20 ?
8 times 12 f
Sin 96?
48 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. Ill
SECTION THIRD.
LESSON I.
REMARK. When any thing is divided into two equal
parts, one of the parts is called one half of the thing ;
so when any number is divided into two equal parts,
one of these parts is called one half of the number.
1. If an apple is worth two cents, what is one half
of it worth ?
Ans. It is worth one half of two cents.
2. What is one half of two cents ?
Ans. One half of two cents is one cent.
3. Why ? Ans. Because, if we divide two cents
into two equal parts, one of the parts is one cent.
4. How many halves of an apple make a whole
apple ?
5. How many halves of a pear make a whole pear ?
6. Are two halves of a dollar equal to a whole
dollar ?
Ans. Yes. Two halves of any thing make the whole
of that thing.
7. If you can buy a pear for two cents, what part
of it can you buy for one cent ?
8. One is what part of two ?
Ans. One is one half of two.
9. If you can buy one pear for two cents, how many
pears can you buy for three cents ?
10. Three are how many times two ?
Ans. Once two and one half of two.
11. If you can buy one yard of cloth for two dollars,
how many yards can you buy for four dollars ?
12. Four are how many times two ?
13. Two is what part of four ?
14. Six are how many times two?
15. Five are how many times two ?
Ans. Two times two and one half of two.
LES. I.] ARITHMETIC. 49
16. If two dollars will buy one barrel of apples, how
many barrels will five dollars buy ?
17. If two dollars will buy a bushel of wheat, how
many bushels will seven dollars buy ?
18. Eight are how many times two ?
19. Nine are how many times two ?
20. Ten are how many times two ?
REMARK. When any thing or any number is divided
into three equal parts, one of these parts is called one
third of the thing or one third of the number ; two of
the parts are two thirds of the thing or of the number.
21. How many thirds of an apple make a whole
apple ?
22. If a load of wood is worth three dollars, and if
it is divided into three equal parts, what will one of
the parts be worth ; that is, what will one third of the
load be worth ?
23. What is one third of three dollars ?
24. Suppose the load to be divided as before, what
will two of the parts be worth ; that is, what will
two thirds of the load be worth ?
25. What is two thirds of three ?
26. If a barrel of apples is worth three dollars, what
part of a barrel will one dollar buy ? What part of a
barrel will two dollars buy ?
27. One is what part of three ?
Ans. One is one third of three.
28. Two is what part of three ?
Ans. Two is two times one third of three ; that is,
two is two thirds of three.
29. If you can buy a pound of tea for three shillings,
how much can you buy for four shillings ? How
much for five shillings ? For six shillings ?
30. Four are how many times three ?
Ans. Once three and one third of three.
31. Five are how many times three?
32. Six are how many times three ?
4
50 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. III.
83. If apples are worth three dollars a barrel, how
many barrels can you buy for seven dollars ? How
many for eight dollars ?
34. What is meant by one third of any thing ?
Am. One third of any thing is one of the three equal
parts into which that thing is divided. See Remark
after Example 20.
35. What is meant by two thirds of any thing ?
36. Nine are how many times three ?
37. Ten are how many times three ?
LESSON IL
1. WHAT is meant by one fourth of a thing?
Ans. One of the four equal parts into which the thing
is divided.
2. What is meant by two fourths, or three fourths,
of any thing or of any number ?
3. If a cake is worth 4 cents, and it is cut into 4
equal parts, what is 1 of the parts worth ; that is,
what is 1 fourth of the cake worth? What are 2
fourths of it worth ? What are 3 fourths of it worth ?
4. If you can buy a cord of wood for 4 dollars, what
part of a cord can you buy for 1 dollar ? What part
for 2 dollars ? For 3 dollars ?
5. What part of four is one ?
Ans. One is one fourth of four.
6. What part of four is two ?
Ans. Two fourths, or one half, of four.
7. What part of four is three ?
.4 /is. Three fourths of four.
8. How many fourths make a whole one ?
9. If you can buy a yard of cloth for four dollars,
how much can you buy for 5 dollars ? How much for
6 dollars? For 7 dollars?
10. Five are how many times four ?
Ans. Once 4 and one fourth of 4.
LES. II.] ARITHMETIC. Si-
ll. Six are how many times 4?
Am. Once 4 and two fourths of 4 ; or, once 4 and
one half of 4.
12. Seven are how many times 4 ?
Ans. Once 4 and three fourths of 4.
13. Eight are how many times 4 ?
14. If 4 barrels of apples will buy 1 ton of coal, how
many tons will 9 barrels buy ? How many tons will
10 barrels buy ? How many tons will 11 barrels buy ?
15. Twelve are how many times 4 ?
16. Thirteen are how many times 4 ?
17. Fourteen are how many times 4 ?
18. Fifteen are how many times 4Y
19. Sixteen are how many times 4 ?
20. What is one fourth of 4 ?
Ans. One fourth of 4 is 1.
21. Why? Ans. Because, if we divide 4 into four
equal parts, one of the parts is 1.
22. What is two fourths, or one half, of 4.
23. What is three fourths of 4 ?
24. If one half of an apple costs 1 cent, what will
the whole apple cost ?
Solution. Since one half of the apple costs 1 cent,
two halves, or the whole apple, will cost two times 1
cent, which are 2 cents.
25. If one half of a barrel of flour is worth 4 dollars,
what is a whole barrel worth ? Why ?
26. If one third of a melon is worth 4 cents, what
are two thirds of it worth ? What is the whole melon
worth ?
27. If one fourth of a pie costs 5 cents, what will
two fourths, or one half, of the pie cost ? What will
three fourths of it cost ? What the whole pie ?
28. What is one half of 6 apples ?
Ans. Three apples.
29. Why ? Ans. Because, if 6 apples are divided
into two equal parts, each part is 3 apples.
52 INTELLECTUAL ^ [SEC. III.
30. What is one half of 8 cents ? Why ?
31. What is one half of 12 oranges ? Why ?
32. What is one half of 10 ? Why ?
33. What is one third of 6 apples ?
Ans. Two apples.
34. Why ? Ans. Because, if 6 apples are divided
into three equal parts, each part is 2 apples.
35. What is one third of 12 lemons ? Why ?
36. What is two thirds of 12 lemons ? Why ?
37. What is one third of 15 dollars ? What is two
thirds of 15 dollars ?
38. What is one third of 21 ? Two thirds of 21 ?
39. What is one half of 3 apples ?
Ans. One apple and one half of another apple.
40. What is one half of 5 apples ?
Ans. Two apples and one half of an apple.
41. What is one half of 7 apples ?
42. What is one half of 9 pears ?
43. What is one third of 4 oranges ? Two thirds ?
44. What is one fourth of 16 miles ?
45. What is two fourths, or one half, of 16 miles ?
46. What is three fourths of 16 miles ?
47. What is one fifth of 15 dollars ?
48. What is two fifths of 15 dollars ? Three fifths ?
49. What is meant by one fifth, two fifths, etc., oi'
any number ? See Remark after Ex. 20, page 49.
50. Mary had two fifths of a dollar, and her mother
gave her another fifth ; what part of a dollar had she
then?
51. Henry had four fifths of a dollar, but he spent
two fifths of a dollar for fruit ; what part of a dollar
has he now ?
52. How many fifths make a whole one ?
53. A boy spent one fifth of all his money on Mon-
day, and two fifths on Tuesday; what part of his
money did he spend in these two days ? What part
had he then remaining ?
LES. Ill] rt ARITHMETIC. 53
LESSON III.
REMARK. The following lines represent a yard-
stick, marked off or divided into halves, fourths, and
eighths of a yard.
One half. One half.
One fourth. One fourth. One fourth. One fourth.
1 eighth. 1 eighth. 1 eighth. 1 eighth. 1 eighth. 1 eighth. 1 eighth. 1 eighth,
lc One half equals how many fourths ? Ans. Two.
2. One fourth equals how many eighths ?
3. One half equals how many eighths ?
4. If you cut an apple into halves, and then cut
each half into two equal pieces, into how many pieces
will the apple be cut ? What part of the whole apple is
one of these small pieces ?
5. One half of an apple is equal to how many times
one fourth of an apple ?
6. How many fourths of an orange are equal to one
half of an orange ?
REMARK. The following lines represent a yard-
stick divided into thirds and sixths of a yard.
One third. One third. One third.
One sixth. One sixth. One sixth. One sixth. One sixth. One sixth.
7 One third equals how many sixths ?
8. If you cut a cake into thirds, and then cut each
third into two equal parts, into how many equal parts
will the cake be cut ? Each of the small pieces will
be what part of the whole cake ?
9. One third of a cake is how many times one sixth
of the same cake ?
10. If you cut a pie into halves, and then cut each
half into three equal parts, what part of the pie will
one of these small pieces be ?
5-J- INTELLECTUAL [SEC. III.
11. One half of any thing is how many sixths of
the same thing ?
12. How many sixths of an apple are equal to one
third of an apple ?
13. How many sixths of an apple are equal to one
half of an apple ?
14. If one half of an apple is cut into four equal
pieces, what part of the whole apple will one of these
small pieces be ?
15. How many eighths of an apple make one half of
an apple ?
16. If one fourth of an apple is cut into two equal
parts, what part of the whole apple will one of these
small pieces be ?
17. How many eighths of a pear make one fourth of
a pear ?
18. What is meant by one eighth of any thing ?
19. If a barrel of flour be worth 8 dollars, and if it
be divided equally among 8 men, what will one man's
share be worth ; that is, what is one eighth of a barrel
worth? What are two eighths, or one fourth, of it
worth ? What are three eighths of it worth ? What
are four eighths, or one half, of it worth ?
20: If 8 dollars will buy a box of tea, what part of a
box will 1 dollar buy ? What part will 2 dollars buy ?
3 dollars? 4 dollars ? 5 dollars ? 6 dollars? 7 dollars?
,21. What part of eight is one ?
Ans. One is one eighth of eight.
22. Two is what part of eight ?
Ans. Two eighths, or one fourth of eight.
23. Three is what part of eight ?
Ans. Three eighths of eight.
24. Four is what part of eight ?
Ans. Four eighths, or one half of eight.
25. Five is what part of eight ?
26. Six is what part of eight ?
27. Seven is what part of eight ?
*
LES. IV.] ARITHMETIC. 55
28. Nine are how many times eight ?
Ans. Once eight and one eighth of eight.
29. Ten are how many times eight ?
Ans. Once eight and two eighths of eight, or once
eight and one fourth of eight.
NOTE. The second answer to Example 29 is the best, if the
pupil is able to make the reduction. The teacher should ex-
ercise his own judgment in all such questions.
30. Eleven are how many times eight ?
31. Twelve are how many times eight?
32. Thirteen are how many times eight ?
33. Fourteen are how many times eight ?
34. Fifteen are how many times eight ?
LESSON IV.
1 . IF cranberries cost 7 cents a quart, what part of
a quart may be bought for 1 cent ? What part for 2
cents? For 3 cents? 4 cents? 5 cents? 6 cents ?
2. If wood is worth 7 dollars a cord, how many
cords may be bought for 8 dollars? For 9 dollars?
10 dollars ? 12 dollars ? 14 dollars ?
3. What is meant by one seventh, two sevenths,
three sevenths, etc., of any thing ?
4. How many sevenths make a whole one ?
5. If corn is worth 7 shillings a bushel, what is one
seventh of a bushel worth ? What are two sevenths
worth ? Three sevenths ? Five sevenths ?
6. If blueberries cost 7 cents a quart, what will
one seventh of a quart cost ? Four sevenths ? Six
sevenths ?
7. One is what part of seven ?
Ans. One is one seventh of seven,
8. Two is what part of seven ?
Ans. Two sevenths of seven.
9. Three is what part of seven?
10. Nine are how many times seven ?
56 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. III.
Am. Once seven and two sevenths of seven.
11. Ten are how many times seven ?
12. Twelve are how many times seven ?
13. Fourteen are how many times seven ?
14. Fifteen are how many times seven ?
15. When rye is worth 9 shillings a bushel, what is
one ninth of a bushel worth ? What are two ninths
of a bushel worth ? What are three ninths, or one
third of a bushel worth ? Four ninths ? Five ninths ?
Six ninths, or two thirds ? Seven ninths ? Eight
ninths ?
16. When coal costs 7 dollars a ton, what part of a
ton can I buy for 1 dollar ? What part for 2 dollars ?
For 3 dollars ? For 4 dollars ? For 5 dollars ? For
6 dollars ? For 7 dollars ? How much can I buy for
8 dollars? For 10 dollars? For 11 dollars? For
12 dollars? For 14 dollars? For 16 dollars?
17. One is what part of nine?
18. What is meant by one ninth, two ninths, three
ninths, etc. ?
19. How many ninths make a whole one ?
20. Two is what part of nine ?
21. Three is what part of nine ?
22. Four is what part of nine?
23. Five is what part of nine ?
24. Six is what part of nine ?
25. Seven is what part of nine ?
20, Eight is what part of nine ?
27. Ten are how many times nine ?
28. Eleven are how many times nine ?
^9. Twelve are how many times nine ?
. 30. Fourteen are how many times nine ?
31. Fifteen are how many times nine ?
32. Seventeen are how many times nine?
33. Eighteen are how many times nine?
34. Twenty are how many times nine ?
35. Twenty-four are how many times nine ?
LES. V.] AEITHMETIC. 57
LESSON Y.
1. IF a laborer earns 8 shillings in a half day, how
much will he earn in a whole day ?
2. Three is one half of what number ?
Solution. If 3 is one half of some number, then
two halves, or the whole of the number, must be twice
3, which are 6 ; therefore 3 is one half of 6 ?
3. Five is one half of what number ? Why ?
4. If a boy picks 2 quarts of chestnuts in 1 hour, how
many quarts will he pick in 3 hours ?
5. Two is one third of what number ?
Solution. If 2 is one third of some number, then
three thirds, or the whole of the number, must be three
times 2, which are 6 ; therefore, 2 is one third of 6.
6. Four is one third of what number ? Why ?
7. Seven is one third of what number ?
8. If one fourth of a dollar will pay for 6 oranges,
how many oranges may be bought for a whole dollar ?
9. Six is one fourth of what number ?
10. Nine is one fourth of what number?
11. Three is one fifth of what number ?
12. Five is one seventh of what number ?
13. Four is one eighth of what number ?
14. If three fourths of a pound of raisins cost 15
cents, what will a pound cost ?
Solution. If three fourths cost 15 cents, one fourth will
cost one third of 15 cents, which is 5 cents ; and four
fourths will cost 4 times 5 cents, which are 20 cents.
15. Charlie's mother said to him, " I have just bought
5 eighths of a watermelon for 15 cents ; and if you will
tell me what the whole melon is w r orth, I will give you
money enough to buy one." Had ygu been Charlie,
what would you have answered ?
1 6. Fifteen is 3 fourths of what number ?
17. Fifteen is 5 eighths of what number ?
18. Twelve is 3 fifths of what number ?
58 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. III.
19. Twenty is 5 sevenths of what number? ,*.
20. Eighteen is 6 sevenths of what number ?
21. When cherries cost 10 cents a quart, what is one
tenth of a quart worth ? What are two tenths, or one
fifth, of a quart worth ? What are three tenths worth ?
What four tenths, or two fifths ? What five tenths,
or one half?
22. When hay costs 10 dollars a ton, what part of a
ton can you buy for 1 dollar ? What part for 2
dollars ? What for 3 dollars ? For 4 dollars ? 5
dollars ? 6 dollars ? 7 dollars ? 8 dollars ? How much
can you buy for 11 dollars? For 12 dollars? 13
dollars ? 15 dollars ? 19 dollars ? 20 dollars ?
23. What is meant by one tenth, two tenths, three
tenths, etc. ?
24. How many tenths make a whole one ?
25. If a barrel of flour costs 10 dollars, what will one
half of a barrel cost- ? What will 1 fifth of a barrel
cost ? 3 fifths ? 4 fifths ?
26. If I can walk 4 miles in 1 hour, how far can I
walk in a half hour ? How far in 3 fourths of an
hour ?
27. If a man earns 8 shillings each day, in how many
days will he earn 25 shillings ? 34 shillings ? 36
shillings ?
28. If a man threshes 10 bushels of rye each day, in
how many days will he thresh 35 bushels ? 44 bushels ?
28 bushels ?
29. When hay is worth 12 dollars a ton, how many
tons can I buy for 30 dollars ? For 33 dollars ?
LESSON VI.
1 . TEN are how
5 ? 4 ? 3 ?
2. Fifteen are how many times 3 ? 5 ? 6 ?
o. Sixteen are how many times 4? 8? 6?
.
1 . TEN are how many times 2 ? How many times
4 ? 3 ?
5?
LES. VI.] ARITHMETIC. 50
4. Eighteen are how many times 6? 9? 3 ? 2 ? 4 ?
5. Twenty are how many times 5? 10? 4? 2 ? 8?
o. Nineteen are how many times 6? 3? 11? 10?
2? 5?
7. Twelve are how many times 4? 6? 3? 2?
5? 8?
8. Seventeen are how many times 3? 5? 4? 2?
6? 8?
9. Thirteen are how many times 4? 3? 5? 2? 6?
9? 7?
10. Twenty-one are how many times 7? 3? 6? 8?
2? 5? 4?
11. If you had 22 cents, how many oranges could
you buy, at 4 cents apiece ? How many at 3 cents ?
At 5 cents ? At 2 cents ?
12. Twenty-two are how many times 4? 3? 5? 2?
11? 7? 6?
13. Twenty-five are how many times 5 ? 2 ? 10 ?
6? 4?
1 4. Twenty-three are how many times 7 ? 5 ? 4 ?
10? 2?
15. Twenty-four are how many times 6 ? 8? 4? 3?
12? 5?
1G. Twenty-eight are how many times 4? 8? 7?
6? 9?
17. Twenty-six are how many times 2 ? 13 ? 6 ?
4? 8?
18. Thirty are how many times 6 ? 10 ? 3 ? 5 ? 8 ?
4? 7?
19. Twenty-seven are how many times 9? 6? 3?
5? 7?
20. Twenty-nine are how many times 7 ? 3 ? 5 ?
6? 8?
21. Thirty-two are how many times 8? 6? 4? 5?
2? 16?
22. Thirty-one are how many times 10? 6? 4? 3?
8? 7?
GO INTELLECTUAL [SEC. III.
LESSON VII.
1. IP you had $32, how many yards of cloth could
you, buy at $4 a yard? At $2 ? $6? $5? $8? $1?
fto? $7?
2. Thirty-three are how many times 10? 11? 6?
4? 3? 12?
3. Thirty-four are how many times 6 ? 10 ? 5 ?
8? 3? 4?
4. Thirty-five are how many times 7? 10? 8? 5?
4? 6? 3?
5. For 36 cents, how many pounds of sugar can be
bought, at 6 cents a pound ? At 12 cents ? 10 cents ?
8 cents ? 9 cents ? 7 cents ? 11 cents ?
6. Thirty-six are how many times 6? 12? 10?
8? 9? 7? 11?
7. Forty are how many times 8 ? 6 ? 4 ? 10 ? 9 ?
7? 12? 11?
8. Forty -five are how many times 9? 8? 6? 5?
10? 7? 3?
9. Forty-eight are how many times 12? 6? 4?
8? 9?
10. Fifty are how many times 10? 8? 5? 4? 12?
6 ? 7 ? 9 ?
11. Thirty-seven are how many times 6? 8? 10?
12? 4? 9?
12. Forty-six are how many times 7 ? 8? 4? 10?
9? 5? 11?
13. Forty-two are how many times 7? 10? 4? 6?
8 ? 5 ? 9 ?
14. Forty-nine are how many times 7? 8? 6? 10?
9? 4? 12?
15. Thirty-eight are how many times 12? 6? 4?
9? 7? 8?
16. Forty-four are how many times 11? 8? 4? 9?
6? 10?
17. Thirty -nine are how many times 6 ? 9 ? 12 ?
LES. VIII]
AKITHMETIC.
Gl
18. For 47 cents, how many oranges may be bought,
at 5 cents each ? At 4 cents ? 8 cents ? 6 cents ? 9
cents ? 7 cents ?
19. Forty- three are how many times 6? 8? 10?
5? 9? 7?
20. Forty-one are how many times 10? 12? 4?
6? 9? 7?
LESSON VIII.
1.
How
many
are
10
times
1?
Once
10?
2.
How
many
are
10
times
2?
Twice
10?
3.
How
many
are
10
times
3?
3
times
10?
4.
How
many
are
10
times
4?
4
times
10?
5.
How
many
are
10
times
5?
5
times
10?
6.
How
many
are
10
times
6?
6
times
10?
7.
How
many
are
10
times
7?
7
times
10?
3.
How
many
are
10
times
8?
8
times
10?
9.
How
many
are
10
times
9?
9
times
10?
10.
How
many
are
10
times
10?
11.
How
many
are
10
times
11?
11
times
10?
12.
How
many
are
10
times
12?
12
times
10?
13.
How
many
are
11
times
1?
Once
11?
14.
How
many
are
11
times
2?
Twice
11 ?
15.
How
many
are
11
times
3?
3
times
11?
16.
How
many
are
11
times
4?
4
times
11?
17.
How
many
are
11
times
5?
5
times
11?
18.
How
many
are
11
times
6?
6
times
11?
19.
How
many
are
11
times
7?
7
times
11?
20.
How
many
are
11
times
8?
8
times
11?
21.
How
many
are
11
times
9?
9
times
11 ?
22.
How
many
are
11
times
10?
10
times
11?
23.
How
many
are
11
times
11?
24.
How
many
are
11
times
12?
12
times
11?
25.
How
many
are
12
times
1?
Once
12?
26.
How
many
are
12
times
2?
Twice
12?
G2 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IIL
27. How many are 12 times 3 ? 3 times 12 ?
28. How many are 12 times 4? 4 times 12 ?
29. How many are 12 times 5 ? 5 times 12 ?
30. How many are 12 times 6 ? 6 times 12 ?
31. How many are 12 times 7 ? 7 times 12 ?
32. How many are 12 times 8 ? 8 times 12 ?
33. How many are 12 times 9 ? 9 times 12 ?
34. How many are 12 times 10 ? 10 times 12 ?
35. How many are 12 times 11 ? 11 times 12 ?
36. How many are 12 times 12 ?
LESSON IX.
1. Two times two are how many times one ?
2. Three times two are how many times one ?
3. Five times two are how many times one ?
4. Eight times two are how many times one ?
5. Two times three are how many times one ?
6. Five times three are how many times one ?
7. Four times three are how many ?
8. Seven times two are how many ?
9. Nine times three are how many?
10. Ten times two are how many ?
11. Six times four are how many ?
12. Seven times three are how many ?
13. Ten times four are how many ?
14. Eleven times two are how many?
15. Five times five are how many ?
16. Six times eight are how many ?
17. Eight times six are how many ?
18. Five times nine are how many ?
19. Four times eleven are how many ?
20. Four times twelve are how many ?
21. Six times twelve are how many ?
22. Six times seven are how many ?
23. Nine time* four are how many ?
24. Ten times nine are how many ?
LES. IX.] ARITHMETIC. C3
25. Eleven times six are how many ?
26. Eight times eight are how many ?
27. Seven times twelve are how many ?
28. Twelve times nine are how many ?
29. Twelve times six are how many ?
30. Four times nine are how many ?
31. Seven times eleven are how many ?
32. Nine times eight are how many ?
33. Ten times twelve are how many ?
34. Eight times three are how many ?
35. Six times nine are how many ?
36. Twelve times eight are how many?
37. Seven times nine are how many ?
38. Seven times ten are how many ?
39. Eleven times eight are how many ?
40. Seven times eight are how many ?
41. Nine times nine are how many?
42. Eleven times nine are how many ?
43. Eight times twelve are how many ?
44. Five times twelve are how many ?
45. Six times eleven are how many ?
46. Twelve times three are how many ?
47. Nine times five are how many ?
48. Eight times seven are how many ?
49. Twelve times seven are how many ?
50. Five times eight are how many ?
51. Nine times ten are how many ?
52. Nine times six are how many ?
53. Eleven times seven are how many ?
54. Three times nine are how many ?
55. Eight times eleven are how many ?
56. Twelve times twelve are how many ?
57. Eight times four are how many ?
58. Ten times six are how many ?
59. Three times eight are how many ?
60. Six times ten are how many ?
61. Eleven times ten are how many ?
61 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. III.
62. Nine times twelve are how many ?
63. Five times eleven are how many ?
64. Twelve times ten are how many ?
65. Nine times eleven are how many ?
66. Nine times seven are how many ?
67. Six times six are how many ?
68. Twelve times four are how many ?
69. Ten times eleven are how many ?
70. Eleven times twelve are how many ?
71. Seven times six are how many ?
72. Eleven times eleven are how many ?
73. Eight times ten are how many ?
74. Seven times seven are how many ?
75. Twelve times five are how many ?
76. Ten times three are how many?
77. Ten times seven are how many ?
78. Eight times nine are how many ?
79. Ten times ten are how many ?
80. Twelve times eleven are how many ?
LESSON X.
1. WHAT cost 5 oranges, at 6 cents apiece ?
2. What cost 8 tons of coal, at 7 dollars a ton ?
3. There is an orchard consisting of 8 rows of trees,
having 1 2 trees in each row ; how many trees are there
in the orchard ?
4. Twenty shillings make one pound ; how many
pence are there in a pound ?
5. How many gills are there in two gallons ?
6. If one gill of beer costs two cents, what will
one gallon cost ?
7. Two men start from the same place and travel
the same way ; one travels at the rate of three miles,
in an hour, and the other seven ; how far apart are
they at the end of one hour ? How far at the end of
seven hours ?
LES. X-l ARITHMETIC. 65
8. Two men start from the same place and travel
in opposite directions, one at the rate of two miles in
an hour, and the other six ; how far apart are they in
seven hours ? How far in ten hours?
9. If the interest of one dollar is six cents a year,
what is the interest of three dollars for two years ?
10. How many oranges, at 4 cents apiece, must be
given for 12 lemons, at 3 cents apiece ?
11. How many pounds of beef, at 9 cents a pound,
will pay for 6 dozen of eggs, at 12 cents a dozen?
12. If 8 men can do a certain piece of work in 6
days, in how many days can 4 men do the same ?
13. If 9 men can do a piece of work in 8 days,
how many men can do the same in 12 days ?
14. If 4 men can do a piece of work in 6 days, in
how many days can 3 men do twice as much work ?
15. A farmer sold 2 tons of hay at $20 a ton, and
for pay received 8 yards of cloth at $4 a yard, and
the rest in money ; how much money did he receive ?
16. If a man earns $24 in 2 months, what will 2
men earn in 6 months ?
17. Six times 8 are how many times 12 ?
18. Ten times 6 are how many times 12 ? 20 ? 5 ?
19. Eight times 8 are how many times 4? 32?
16?
20. Seven times 10 are how many times 5 ? 7 ?
14?
21. Seventy-two are how many times 8 ? 6 ? 9 ?
12? 4?
22. Eighty are how many times 4 ? 8 ? 20 ? 10 ?
5? 16?
23. Seventy-five are how many times 25 ? 5 ?
15? 3?
24. Eighty-four are how many times 12 ? 6 ? 7 ?
21? 4?
25. Ninety-six are how many times 8? 16? 12?
24 ? 48 ? 32 ?
66 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. III.
26. One hundred are how many times 10 ? 20 ?
25? 50? 2? 4? 5?
27. One hundred and eight are how many times 1 2 ?
9 ? 54 ? 4 ? 27 ?
28. One hundred and twenty are how many times
12? 20? 10? 40?
29. One hundred and twenty-five are how many
times 25? 5? 125? 1?
30. One hundred and thirty-two are how many
times 11 ? 22? 44? 12? 6?
31. One hundred and forty-four are how many
times 12 ? 24 ? 48 ? 6 ?
LESSON XI.
READ rapidly and accurately across the page.
9
and
1?
9
from
10?
9
times
1?
9
in
9?
9
and
2?
9
from
11?
9
times
2?
9
in
18?
9
and
3?
9
from
12?
9
times
3?
9
in
27?
9
and
4?
9
from
13?
9
times
4?
9
in
36?
9
and
5?
9
from
14?
9
times
5?
9
in
45?
9
and
6?
9
from
15?
9
times
6?
9
in
54 ?
9
and
7?
9
from
16?
9
times
7?
9
in
63?
9
and
8?
9
from
17?
9
times
8?
9
in
72?
9
and
9?
9
from
18?
9
times
9?
9
in
81 ?
9
and
10?
9
from
19?
9
times
10?
9
in
90 ?
and
11?
9
from
20?
9
times
11?
9
in
1)9 ?
9
and
12?
9
from
21?
9
times
12?
9
in
108?
10
and
1?
10
from
11?
10
times
1?
10
in
10?
10
and
2?
10
from
12?
10
times
2?
10
in
20?
10
and
3?
10
from
13?
10
times
3?
10
in
30?
10
and
4?
10
from
14?
10
times
4?
10
in
40?
10
and
5?
10
from
15?
10
times
5?
10
in
50?
10
and
6?
10
from
16?
10
times
6?
10
in
60?
10
and
7?
10
from
17?
10
times
7?
10
in
70?
10
and
8?
10
from
18?
10
times
8?
10
in
80?
10
and
9?
10
from
19?
10
times
9?
10
in
90?
LES. XII.] ARITHMETIC. 67
10
and
10?
10
from
20?
10
times
10?
10
in
100?
10
and
11?
10
from
21?
10
times
11?
10
in
110?
10
and
12?
10
from
22?
10
times
12?
10
in
120?
11
and
1?
11
from
12?
11
times
1?
11
in
11?
11
and
2?
11
from
13?
11
times
2?
11
in
22 ?
11
and
3?
11
from
14?
11
times
3?
11
in
33?
11
and
4?
11
from
15?
11
times
4?
11
in
44?
11
and
5?
11
from
16?
11
times
5?
11
in
55 ?
11
and
6?
11
from
17?
11
times
6?
11
in
60?
11
and
7?
11
from
18?
11
times
7?
11
in
77?
11
and
8?
11
from
19?
11
times
8?
11
in
88?
11
and
9?
11
from
20?
11
times
9?
11
in
99?
11
and
10?
11
from
21?
11
times
10?
11
in
110?
11
and
11?
11
from
22?
11
times
11?
11
in
121?
11
and
12?
11
from
23?
11
times
12?
11
in
132?
12
and
1?
12
from
13?
12
times
1?
12
in
12?
12
and
2?
12
from
14?
12
times
2?
12
in
24?
12
and
3?
12
from
15?
12
times
3?
12
in
3(> ?
12
and
4?
12
from
16?
12
times
4?
12
in
48?
12
and
5?
12
from
17?
12
times
5?
12
in
60?
12
and
6?
12
from
18?
12
times
6?
12
in
72?
12
and
7?
12
from
19?
12
times
7?
12
in
84?
12
and
8?
12
from
20?
12
times
8?
12
in
90?
12
and
9?
12
from
21?
12
times
9?
12
in
108?
12
and
10?
12
from
22?
12
times
10?
12
in
120 ?
12
and
11?
12
from
23?
12
times
11?
12
in
132?
12
and
12?
12
from
24?
12
times
12?
12
in
144?
LESSON XII.
1. FIFTY-ONE are how many times 10? 5? 3?
6? 9? 7? 8?
2. Fifty-four are how many times 9? 10? 6? 7?
8 ? 12? 11?
3. Fifty-two are how many times 4 ? 8 ? 12 ?
13? 10? 7? 6?
4. Sixty are how many times 6 ? 10? 8? 7? 12?
C8 INTELLECTUAL. [SEC. III.
r>. Fifty-six are how many times 7? 8? 9? 11?
12? 6? 5?
6. Fifty-three are how many times 7 ? 10 ? 9 ?
12? 4? 6?
7. Fifty-five are how many times 11? 10? 5?
6?, 9? 8?
8. Fifty-eight are how many times 9 ? 6 ? 10 ?
8? 7? 5?
9. Fifty-seven are how many times 12? 11? 5?
10? 8? 6?
10. Fifty-nine are how many times 10? 5? 12?
8? 7? 9?
11. Sixty-four are how many times 8? 9? 10?
12? 6? 5?
12. Sixty-five are how many times 10 ? 5 ? 12 ?
9? 7? 8?
13. Sixty-two are how many times 12? 10? 9?
7? 8? 5?
14. Sixty-three are how many times 9 ? 7 ? 8 ?
5? 12? 6?
15. Sixty-one are how many times 12? 10? 8?
5? 6? 9?
16. Sixty-six are how many times 6? 11? 10?
9?. 12? 8?
17. Sixty-nine are how many times 6? 12? 9?
8? 7? 11?
18. Sixty-seven are how many times 8? 7? 11?
12? 5? 9?
19. Sixty-eight are how many times 11? 12? 8?
7? 10? 6?
20. Seventy are how many times 10 ? 7 ? 12 ? 5 ?
21. Seventy-five are how many times 10? 5? 12?
6? 7? 9?
22. Doctor May has 72 miles to ride ; how many
hours will it take him, if he rides at the rate of
miles an hour ? At the rate of 8 miles ? 10 miles ?
12 miles? 6 miles ? 5 miles? 7 miles ? 11 miles?
LES. XII.] ARITHMETIC. 69
23. Seventy-two are how many times 9 ? 8 ? 10 ?
12? 6?
24. Seventy-six are how many times 12 ? 10 ? 6?
11? 5?
25. Seventy-eight are how many times 11 ? 7 ? 8 ?
10? 9?
26. Seventy-four are how many times 9 ? 10 ? 8 ?
7? 12?
27. Seventy-seven are how many times 11 ? 7 ? 9 ?
8? 10?
28. Seventy-nine are how many times 11? 7? 8?
10? 9?
29. Seventy-one are how many times 10 ? 8 ? 7 ?
9? 6?
30. Seventy- three are how many times 7 ? 9 ? 10 ?
6? 12?
31. Eighty-four are how many times 7? 12? 10?
9? 11?
32. Ninety-six are how many times 12 ? 8 ? 9 ?
10? 6?
33. If you had $80, how many tons of hay could you
buy at $10 a ton? How many at $12 ? At $8? At
If? At. $6? At $9? At $11?
34 Eighty are how many times 10 ? 12 ? 8 ? 7 ?
6? 9? 11 ?
35. Ninety-two are how many times 10 ? 8 ? 9 ?
7? 12? 6?
36. Ninety-five are how many times 9 ? 10 ? 6 ?
8? 7? 11?
37. Eighty-one are how many times 8 ? 12 ? 10 ?
9? 7? 6?
38. Eighty-five are how many times 7 ? 10 ? 8 ?
12? 9? 11?
39. Ninety-one are how many times 9 ? 8 ? 10 ?
12? 7? 11?
40. Ninety, are how many times 10 ? 12 ? 7 ? 9 ?
8? 6?
70 INTELLECTUAL [Sso. III.
41. Ninety-eight are how many times 9 ? 8 ? 12 ?
7? 10? 11?
42. Eighty-two are how many times 8 ? 9 ? 10 ?
12? 11? 7?
43. One hundred are how many times 10? 9? 12?
11? 8?
44. Eighty-seven are how many times 7? 11? 12?
10? 8? 9?
45. Eighty-three are how many times 9 ? 8 ? 10 ?
12? 7? 11?
46. Eighty-nine are how many times 10? 8? 11 ?
12? 7? 9?
47. Ninety-nine are how many times 9? 11? 12?
8? 7? 10?
48. Ninety-four are how many times 12 ? 7 ? 10 ?
9? 8? 11?
49. Eighty-six are how many times 7? 10? 8?
9? 11? 12?
50. Ninety-seven are how many times 10? 9? 12?
8? 11?
51. Eighty-eight are how many times 10? 8? 12?
11? 7? 9?
LESSON XIII.
1. A FARMER has 30 hens in one yard, and 50 in
another ; how many hens has he in both yards ?
Solution. 30 is 3 tens, and 50 is 5 tens ; 3 tens and
5 tens are 8 tens, or 80 ; therefore, the farmer has 80
hens in the two yards.
2. How many are
3 and 2 ? 30 and 20 ? 300 and 200 ?
3. 4 and 3 ? 40 and 30 ? 400 and 300 ?
4. 8 and 5 ? 80 and 50 ? 800 and 500 ?
5. 7 _[_ 4 ? 70 -f 40 ? 700 + 400 ?
6. 7 -j- 7 ? 70 -f- 70 ? 700 + 700 ?
7. John bought a knife for 45 cents, and a top for
23 cents ; what did he pay for both ?
LES. XIII.] ARITHMETIC. 71
Solution. 40 and 20 are 60, and 5 and 3 are 8 ;
60 and 8 are 68 ; therefore, he paid 68 cents for both.
8. How many are 48 and 35 ?
Solution. 40 and 30 are 70, and 8 and 5 are 13 ;
70 and 13 are 83 ; therefore, 48 and 35 are 83.
9. How many are
2 and 3 ? 12 and 13 ? 42 and 53 ?
10. 5 and 4 ? 25 and 34 ? 65 and 24 ?
11. 5 + 3 ? 25 -4- 43 ? 55 + 73 ?
12. 8 + 4 ? 28 -f 34 ? 68 -f 74 ?
13. A farmer having 50 cows, sold 20 of them ;
how many had he remaining ?
14. How many are
5 less 2 ? 50 less 20 ? 500 less 200 ?
15. 7 less 3 ? 70 less 30 ? 700 less 300 ?
16. 6 2 ? 60 20? 600 200?
17. 9 5? 90 50? 900 500?
18. A farmer having $75, paid $32 for a colt ; how
many dollars had he left ?
Solution. $75 are $70 and $5 ; $32 are $30 and
$2 ; $70 less $30 are $40, and $5 less $2 are $3, and
$40 and $3 are $43 ; therefore, he had $43 left.
19. A man having $53, paid $18 for a coat; how
many dollars had he left ?
Solution. $53 are $40 and $13 ; $18 are $10 and
$8 ; $40 less $10 are $30, and $13 less $8 are $5 ;
$30 and $5 are $35 ; therefore, etc.
20. How many are
5 less 3 ? 65 less 23 ? 95 less 43 ?
21. 8 less 3 ? 38 less 13 ? 78 less 53 ?
22. 6 4 ? 56 24 ? 96 44 ?
23. 15 7 ? 65 27 ? 52 37 ?
24. At $40 per acre, what will 2 acres of land
cost ?
25. How many are
2 times 4 ? 2 times 40 ? 2 times 400 ?
26. 3 limes 2 ? 3 times 20 ? 3 times 200 ?
27. 3 X 3 ? 30 X 3 ? 300 X 3 ?
72 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. III.
28. At $23 per acre, what will 6 acres of land
cost?
Solution. 6 times $20 are $120, and 6 times $3 are
$18 ; 120 and $18 are $138 ; therefore, etc.
29. How many are
5 times 3 ? 5 times 23 ? 5 times 03 ?
30. 6 times 2 ? G times 42 ? 6 times G2 ?
31. 8 X 2 ? 38 X 2 ? 68 x 2 ?
32. 7 X 3 ? 37 X 3 ? 57 X 8 ?
33. I have 3 equal fields which together contain 73
acres ; how many acres are there in each field ?
Solution. 73 equals 60 and 13 ; of 60 is 20, and
J of 13 is 4J ; 20 and 4J are 24-J ; therefore, etc.
34. What is J- of 6 ? ' Of 60 ? Of 600 ?
35. What is J of 8 ? Of 28 ? Of 58 ?
36. What is | of 8 ? Of 38 ? Of 98 ?
37. How many are 8 -f- 4 ? 28 -f- 4 ? 88 -5- 4 ?
38. How many are 9 ~ 4 ? 49 -~ 4 ? 69 -f- 4 ?
39. How many times
3 in 6 ? 3 in 60 ? 3 in 600 ?
40. 4 in 8 ? 4 in 80 ? 4 in 800 ?
41. 5 in 8 ? 5 in 38 ? 5 in 78 ?
LESSON XIV.
1. FOR 50 cents, how many dozen of eggs can be
bought, at 25 cents a dozen ? At 12 cents a dozen?
2. If you have 56 cents, how many pounds of sugar
can you buy, at 7 cents a pound ? At 8 cents ? At
10 cents ?
3. Two trains of cars, 64 miles apart, are running
the same way ; in how many hours will they be -to-
gether, if the hindmost train gains upon the other 8
miles an hour? In how many hours if it gains 4
miles an hour ? If 6 miles ?
4. How many tons of hay, at $12 a ton, can I buy
for $72 ? How many at $10 a ton ? At $15 ?
5. How many dresses, containing 12 yards each,
LES. XIV.] ARITHMETIC. 73
can be made from 48 yards of silk ? How many
containing 1 6 yards, each ?
6. How many cords of wood, at $7 a cord, can be
bought for $84 ? How many cords, at $8 a cord ?
7. If there are 12 months in a year, how many
years are there in 96 months ? In 75 months ?
8. If there are 30 days in a month, how many
months are there in 90 days ? In 60 days ?
9. If there are 16 ounces in a pound, how many
pounds are there in 80 ounces ? How many if there
are 12 ounces in a pound ?
10. How many pounds of raisins, at 11 cents a
pound, can you buy for 55 cents ? How many at 10
cents a pound? At 15 cents ?
1 1. Six men bought a houselot for $96 ; their shares
being equal, what did each man pay ?
12. Hired a horse and carriage for 77 cents, and
rode 7 miles ; what was the price per mile ?
13. A man v hired a horse and carriage for a ride,
agreeing to pay 12 cents a mile; he paid 87 cents;
how far did he ride ?
14. Bought 15 cords of wood for $75; what was
the price per cord ?
15. Mr. Holt can do a piece of work in 78 hours ;
how many days will it take him to do it, if he works
12 hours each day ? How many if he works 10 hours
each day ?
16. One man can do a piece of work in 90 hours;
in how many hours can 6 men do it? 10 men? 12
men ?
17. One man can do a piece of work in 90 hours ;
in how many hours can 6 men do half as much work ?
In how many hours can 10 men do twice as much
work ?
18. A dairy woman wishes to put 75 pounds of
butter into 5 boxes ; how many pounds shall she put
into each box ?
74 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. Ill
19. Eight cheeses weigh 100 pounds ; what is their
average weight?
20. If an orange is worth 6 apples, how many
oranges are 66 apples worth ?
21. If there are 20 shillings in 1 pound, how many
pounds are there in 80 shillings ? In 85 shillings ?
'2'2. How many miles in 96 furlongs, if there are 8
furlongs in 1 mile ? How many miles in 82 furlongs ?
In 78 furlongs ?
23. At 12 cents a pound, how many pounds of beef
can be bought for 144 cents ? For 93 cents?
24. How many wheelbarrows, at 7 dollars apiece,
can be bought for 84 dollars ? For 63 dollars ?
25. A boy sold 6 doves for 75 cents ; how many
cents did he receive for 1 dove ? For 3 doves ? For
4 doves ?
26. A boy sold chickens at 25 cents apiece, and
received 1 dollar, or 100 cents, for them ; how many
chickens did he sell ?
27. If wine is worth 20 cents a pint, how many
pints may be bought for 1 dollar ? How many quarts ?
28. If brandy is worth 20 cents a gill, how many
gills may be bought for 1 dollar ? How many pints ?
29. What is the price of a shawl, if 9 shawls cost
$108?
30. A boy divided 80 chestnuts equally among 5 of
his companions ; how many did he give to each ?
31. If 8 bushels of apples make 1 barrel of cider,
how many barrels will 92 bushels make ? 74 bushels ?
78 bushels ?
32. At $10 a barrel, how many barrels of flour can
be bought for $85 ? For $92 ?
33. Eight times 10 are how many times 8 ?
34. Eight times 11 are how many times 12 ?
35. A man divided $84 equally among his 3 sons
and 4 daughters ; how many dollars did he give to
each?
LES. I.] ARITHMETIC. 75
36. A boy having 7 melons, gave away 2 of them,
and sold the rest for $1 ; what did he receive for each
of those he sold ?
37. A man having 75 dollars, bought 7 sheep, and
had $5 left ; what did he pay for each sheep ?
38. A boy bought 5 hens at 20 cents each, arid
paid for them with apples at 10 cents a dozen ; how
many dozen did it take ?
39. A man had 75 sheep, and bought 5 more ; he
then divided them equally in 8 pens; how many
sheep did he put in each pen ?
40. A boy had 50 peaches, and found 22 more ; he
then divided all of them equally among himself and
1 1 of his companions ; how many did he give to each ?
SECTION FOURTH.
LESSON I.
REMARKS. 1. A single thing of any kind is called a
unit or one. A unit is represented by the figure 1
2. When any thing is divided into two or more
equal parts, each of these parts is called a fraction
of the thing which is divided.
3. A fraction, as well as a whole number, may be
expressed by figures. Each fraction is usually ex-
pressed by means of two numbers, one written above
the other, with a line between them ; thus,
one half.
. one third.
. two thirds.
. one fourth.
. two fourths,
three fourths.
one fifth.
. two fifths.
3-, . . . . one sixth.
f , . . . . five sixths.
f , . . . . six sixths.
f , . . . three sevenths.
f , . . . nine eighths.
H> . eleven twelfths.
|f, . . nineteen -twelfth*.
/y, . . five twenty-firsts.
76 ' INTELLECTUAL. [SEC. IV.
4. The number below the line shows into how many
parts a unit is divided. It is called the DENOM-
INATOR, because it denominates or gives name to
the parts ; thus, if an apple, or any thing, is divided into
three equal parts, each part is one third of the apple or
thing ; if into eight, each part is one eighth.
5. The number above the line is called the NU-
MERATOR, because it numerates or numbers the parts
taken ; thus the fraction f, indicates that a unit has been
divided into three equal parts, and that two of the parts
are used.
6. The numerator and the denominator are the
TERMS of the fraction.
7. A PROPER FRACTION is one whose numerator
is less than its denominator ; as J, f , . The value
of a proper fraction is less than one.
8. An IMPROPER FRACTION is one whose numera-
tor equals or exceeds its denominator; as, |, f, f.
The value- of an improper fraction is one or more
than one ; for this reason it is called an improper frac-
tion.
9. A MIXED NUMBER is a whole number and a frac-
tion united; as 2^, read two and one half; 5|, read
five and two thirds.
LESSON II.
,
1 . IN 3 apples how many halves of an apple ?
Solution. There are 2 'halves in 1 apple ; therefore
there are 3 times 2 halves, which are 6 halves, in 3
apples.
2. What fraction represents 6 halves ? Ans. f .
3. A man divided 5 barrels of flour among his
workmen, giving them -i- of a barrel apiece ; to how
. many men did he give the flour?
4. How many halves are there in 5 whole ones ?
5. A man having 3 barrels and. 1 half of a barrel
of apples, wishes to give them to some poor people ;
LES. II.] ARITHMETIC, 77
to how many can he give them, if he gives them \ of
a barrel apiece ?
6. How many halves are there in 3 and 1 half ?
Solution. In 3 whole ones there are 3 times 2 halves,
which are 6 halves ; to this add the 1 half, and- we have
7 halves or J ; therefore, in 3 and 1 half there are 7
halves.
7. A man paid 1 half of a dollar apiece to several
workmen ; it took 4 dollars and 1 half of a dollar to
pay them ; how many men did he pay ?
8. How many halves are there in 4 and 1 half ;
that is, in 4-J- ?
9. How many halves are there in 1 ? In 2 ? In
3? In 4? In 5?
10. How do you know how many halves there are
in any number ?
Ans. There are twice as many halves as there are
whole ones, because it takes two halves to make one
whole one.
11. In 6 melons how many half melons ?
12. In $8 how many half dollars ?
13. Change 9 to halves.
14. Change 6 and 1 half to halves.
15. Change 7J- to halves.
16. Change 12^ to halves.
17. If you cut 2 melons each into 3 equal pieces,*
how many pieces will you -have ? What part of a
melon will each piece be ?
18. If you cut 3 apples each into 3 equal piccop,
how many pieces will they make ? What part of an
apple will each piece be ?
19. If you cut 4 pies each into 3 equal pieces, how
many pieces will they make ?
20. How many thirds are there in 1 ? In 2 ? In
3 ? In 4 ? In 5 ? In 9 ?
21. How do you know how many thirds theje are
in any number?
78 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IV.
Ans. There are 3 times as many thirds as there are
whole ones, because it takes three thirds to make one
whole one.
22. I have 1 cord and 1 third of a cord of wood to
give to some poor persons ; to how many can I give it,
if I give them 1 third of a cord apiece ?
23. How many thirds are there in 1^?
24. A man gave 3 dollars and 2 thirds of a dollar
to some poor persons, giving them 1 third of a dollar
apiece ; to how many persons did he give it ?
25. How many thirds are there in 3 ?
26. How many thirds in 5J? In 7f ? In 11 ?
In 12J ?
27. If a boy eats^l fourth of a pie at a meal, how
many boys, at the same rate, will eat a whole pie at a
meal ? How many boys will eat 2 pies ? 3 pies ? 4
pies ? 6 pies ?
28. How many fourths are there in 1 ? In 2 ? 3 ?
4? 6? 8?
29. How do you know how many fourths there are
in any number ?
30. If a horse will eat 1 fourth of a bushel of oats
in a day, in how many days will he eat a bushel ? 2
bushels ? 2 bushels and J of a bushel ? 3 bushels ?
5 bushels ?
31. How many fourths are there in 2 and 3 fourths ?
In3J? In5J? In7J? In 7J ?
32. If a boy can earn 1 fifth of a dollar in a day,
in how many days can he earn 1 dollar ? 2 dollars ?
3 dollars? 6 dollars? 8 dollars?
33. How many fifths are there in 1 ? In 2 ? 3 ?
5? 10?
34. How do you know how many fifths there are
in any number?
35. If a boy can earn 1 fifth of a dollar in a day,
how many boys will it take to earn 1 dollar and I
fifth of a dollar in the same time ? How many to
LES. II.] ARITHMETIC. 79
earn 2 dollars and 3 fifths of a dollar ? 4 dollars and
2 fifths of a dollar ? of dollars ? $7f ?
36. How many fifths are there in 1 and 1 fifth ?
In 2 and 3 fifths ? In 4f ? In 5f ? In 8f ?
37. In 6 dollars and 2 fifths of a dollar how many
fifths of a dollar?
38. In 6 and 2 fifths how many fifths?
39. In 7 and 3 fifths how many fifths ?
40. In 9 and 4 fifths how many fifths ?
41. If a quart of strawberries costs 1 sixth of a
dollar, how many quarts can I buy for 1 dollar ?
For 2 dollars ? 3 dollars ? 5 dollars ? 7 dollars ?
42. How many sixths are there in 1 ? In 2 ? 3 ?
5? 8? 9?
43. How do you know how many sixths there are
in any number ?
44. In 2 and 1 sixth how many sixths ?
45. In 3 and 5 sixths how many sixths ?
46. In 5 and 3 sixths how many sixths ?
47. In 6 and 4 sixths how many sixths ?
48. How many sevenths are there in 1 ? In 2 ?
3? 5? 7? 9? 10?
49. How many sevenths in 1 and 3 sevenths ?
50. How many sevenths in 1 and 6 sevenths ?
51. How many sevenths in 2 and 4 sevenths ?
52. How many sevenths in 3 and 3 sevenths ?
53. How many sevenths in 5 and 2 sevenths ?
54. How many sevenths in 9 and 6 sevenths ?
55. How many eighths inl? In2?3?5?7?
10? 12?
56. In 3 and 5 eighths how many eighths ?
57. In 5 and 3 eighths how many eighths ?
58. In 9 and 7 eighths how many eighths ?
59. How many ninths are there in 1 ? In 2 ? 3 ?
5? 4? 8? 7?
60. In 2 and 5 ninths how many ninths ?
61. In 3 and 8 ninths how many ninths ?
80 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IV.
62. In 5 and 4 ninths how many ninths ?
63. In 7 and 7 ninths how many ninths ?
L How many tenths in 1 ? In 2 ? 3 ? 6 ? 9 ?
65. In 2 and 3 tenths how many tenths ?
66. In 3 and 7 tenths how many tenths ?
67. In 5 and 2 tenths how many tenths ?
68. In 4 and 5 sixths how many sixths ?
69. In 5 and 1 seventh how many sevenths ?
70. In 9 and 2 fifths how many fifths ?
71. In 4| how many times ?
72. In 5f\ how many times ^ ?
73. In 2^ how many times ^ ?
74. In 3y\ how many elevenths ?
75. In 6J how many fifths ?
LESSON III.
1. IF you give 2 boys 1 half of an apple apiece,
how many apples will it take ?
2. If you give 4 men 1 half of a dollar apiece,
how many dollars will it take ?
3. In 4 halves how many whole ones ?
4. In 6 halves how many times 1 ?
5. In 8 halves how many times 1 ?
6. How do you know how many whole ones there
are in any number of halves ?
Ans. Since it takes two halves to make one whole
one, there will be as many whole ones as 2 is con-
tained times in the given number of halves ; or, there
will be half as many whole ones as there are halves.
7. What is one half of 8 ? One half of 10 ? Of
20 ? Of 24 ? Of 30 ? See page 48.
8. If you give 3 boys 1 half of a melon apiece,
how many melons will it take ?
9. What is 1 half of 3 ? Ans. Three halves = U.
10. If you give 5 poor people 1 half of a barrel of
flour apiece, how many barrels will it take ?
LES. III.] ARITHMETIC. 81
11. In 5 halves how many whole ones ?
12. What is of 5 ? Ans. 5 halves = 2 J.
13. If the interest of $1 is J of a cent per month,
what is the interest of the same sum for 7 months ?
For 8 months ? For 9 months ? For 1 1 months ?
14. In 7 halves how many times 1 ?
15. In 9 halves how many times 1 ?
16. What is J- of 9? Of 11? 15 ? 21 ? 25 ?
17. A boy divided some oranges among 6 of his
companions, giving 1 third of an orange to each ; how
many oranges did it take ?
18. In 6 thirds how many whole ones ?
19. What is of 6 ? Ans. 6 thirds = 2.
20. A teacher visited 9 different schools, spending 1
third of a day in each ; how many days did it take ?
21. In 9 thirds how many tunes 1 ?
22. What is J of 9 ?
23. A man divided some coal among 7 poor families,
giving 1 third of a ton to each family ; how many tons
did it take ?
24. In 7 thirds how many times 1 ?
25. What is of 7 ?
26. A boy gave 1 third of a pineapple to each of
his 12 playmates ; how many pineapples did it take ?
27. In 12 thirds how many times 1 ?
28. How do you know how many whole ones there
are in any number of thirds ?
29. What is Jof 12? Of 10? 15? 20?
30. If a man spends 1 fourth of a dollar in 1 day,
how many dollars will he spend in 4 days? In 8
days ? 12 days ? 20 days ?
31. In 8 fourths how many times 1 ?
32. In 20 fourths how many times 1 ?
33. How do you know how many whole ones there
are in any number of fourths ?
34. What is i of 4? Of 8? Ofl6?Of24?Of
32 ? Of 40 ?
6
82 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IV.
35. A benevolent lady gave 1 fourth of a dollar
apiece to 9 poor children ; how many dollars did it take ?
36. In | how many times 1 ? Ans. 2.
37. In 7 fourths how many times 1 ?
38. In 11 fourths how many times 1 ?
39. In 17 fourths how many times. 1 ?
40. What is i of 7? Of 11 ? Of 17? Of 23?
41. If 1 fifth of a ton of coal will supply a furnace
1 week, how many tons will supply it 10 weeks ? 20
weeks ? 15 weeks ? 25 weeks ?
42. In 10 fifths how many times 1 ?
43. In 8 fifths how many times 1 ?
44. In 12 fifths how many times- 1 ?
45. In 19 fifths how many times 1 ?
46. If the interest of $1 is of a mill for 1 day,
what is the interest of $1 for 6 days ? For 18 days ?
For 9 days ? For 20 days ?
47. What is of 6? Of 18? Of 9? Of 20?
48. In 15 sixths how many times 1 ?
49. In 24 eighths how many times 1 ?
50. In 27 tenths how many times 1 ?
51. In 21 sevenths how many times 1 ?
52. In 48 ninths how many times 1 ?
53. In 45 fifths how many times 1 ?
54. In 27 twelfths how many times 1 ?
LESSON IV.
1. IF it takes 1 third of an hour to walk 1 mile,
how long will it take to walk 2 miles ?
2. What is 2 times 1 third ?
3. If the interest of 1 dollar is 1 half of a cent
for 1 month, what is the interest of 2 dollars for the
same time ? What the interest of 3 dollars ? - Of 4
dollars ? Of 7 dollars ? Of 10 dollars ?
4. What is 2 times 1 half? 3 times 1 half? 4
times 1 half ? 7 times ? 10 times J ?
L:;s. IV.] ARITHMETIC. 83
5. If 1 pound of coffee costs 1 fourth of a dollar,
what will 3 pounds cost ?
6. What is three times 1 fourth ?
7. When potatoes are worth 3 fourths of a dollar
a bushel, how many fourths of a dollar will 2 bushels
cost ? How many dollars ?
8. Two times f are how many fourths ? How
many times 1 ?
9. If a dinner for 1 man costs 2 thirds of a dollar,
what will a dinner for 4 men cost?
10. Four times |- are how many thirds ? How
many times 1 ?
11. When eggs- are worth 1 fifth of a dollar a
dozen, what are 3 dozen worth ?
12. What is 3 times 1 fifth?
13. Charles earned 2 fifths of a dollar on Monday ;
at the same rate per day how many fifths of a dollar
does he earn in the week? How many dollars ?
14. Six times f are how many fifths? How many
times 1 ?
15. If 1 bushel of oats costs 3 fifths of a dollar, what
shall I pay for 7 bushels ?
16. Seven times f are how many fifths? How
many times 1 ?
17. When corn is worth 4 fifths of a dollar a
bushel, what will 6 bushels cost?
18. Six times 4 fifths are how many fifths ? How
many times 1 ?
19. If the interest of 1 dollar is 1 sixth of a mill
for 1 day, what is the interest of 5 dollars for the same
time ? What the interest of 9 dollars ?
20. What is '5 times J- ? 9 times % ?
21. If the interest of $1 is 1 sixth of a mill per
day, what is the interest of the same sum for 5 days ?
For 15 days ? For 12 days ?
22. If the interest of $1 for 1 day is 1 sixth of a
mill, what is the interest of $3 for 4 days ?
84 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IV.
23. Four times 3 sevenths are how many sevenths ?
How many times 1 ?
24. Eight times 3 fourths are how many fourths ?
How many times 1 ?
25. What is 6 times 4 fifths ?
26. What is 4 times 5 sixths ?
27. What is 3 times 4 ninths ?
28. What is 6 times 4 sevenths ?
29. What is 9 times 3 eighths ?
30. What is 5 times 9 tenths ?
31. What is 8 times 3 elevenths ?
32. What is 6 times f ?
33. What is 4 times f ?
34. What is 7 times f ?
35. What is 9 times f ?
36. What is 8 times J ?
37. What is 5 times |?
LESSON V.
1. IF corn is worth a dollar and a half a bushel,
what shall I pay for 2 bushels ?
2. When apples cost two dollars and a half a bar-
rel, what will 3 barrels cost ?
3. How many are 3 times 2 and 1 half?
Solution. Three times 2 are 6, and 3 times 1 half
are 3 halves, or 1 and 1 half, which, added to 6, gives
7 and 1 half; therefore 3 times 2J are 7^.
4. If a barrel of flour costs 6 dollars and a half,
what will 5 barrels cost ?
5. How many are 5 times 6 and 1 half?
6. What are 8 yards of cloth worth, at 3 dollars
and a half per yard ?
7. How many are 8 times 3 and 1 half ?
8. If white lead is worth 9 dollars and 1 third per
hundred weight, what are 2 hundred weight worth ?
9. How many are twice 9 and 1 third ?
LES. V.] ARITHMETIC. 85
10. When nails are worth 6 cents and 2 thirds per
pound, what are 9 pounds worth ?
11. How many are 9 times 6 and 2 thirds ?
12. How many are 7 times 3 and 2 thirds ?
13. How many are 8 times 4 and 1 third ?
14. When flour costs 7 dollars and 3 fourths per
barrel, what will 5 barrels cost ?
15. How many are 5 times 7 and 3 fourths ?
16. When apples cost 3 dollars and 1 fourth per
barrel, what must I pay for 8 barrels ?
17. How many are 8 times 3 and 1 fourth ?
18. How many are 3 times 8 and 1 fourth?
19. How many are 5 times 11 and 3 fourths ?
20. If raisins cost 3 dollars and 2 fifths per box,
what will 2 boxes cost ?
21. How many are 2 times 3 and 2 fifths?
22. How many are 5 times 4 and 3 fifths ?
23. How many are 3 times 9 and 3 fifths ?
24. If 1 man earns 1 dollar and 5 sixths in a day,
how much will 8 men earn in the same time ?
25. How many are 8 times 1 and 5 sixths ?
26. How many are 9 times 4 and 1 sixth ?
27. How many are 6 times 7 and 3 sixths ?
28. If 1 man earns 2 dollars and 1 sixth in 1 day,
how much will 3 men earn in 4 days ?
29. If 12 yards and 3 sevenths of a yard of silk
are required to make 1 dress, how many yards will be
required for 5 dresses ?
30. How many are 5 times 12 and 3 sevenths?
31. What cost 2 barrels of beef, at 18 dollars and 5
eighths per barrel ?
32. How many are 2 times 18 and 5 eighths?
33. How many are 3 times 16 and 5 ninths ?
34. How many are 4 times 20 and 3 eighths ?
35. In an orchard of 10 trees, each tree bears 9
bushels and 5 eighths of a bushel of apples ; how many
bushels does the whole orchard bear ?
86 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IV.
36. If it takes 2 yards and 3 eighths of a yard of
cloth to make a coat, and 1 yard and 5 eighths to make
a pair of pantaloons, how many yards will it take to
make 5 coats and 5 pair of pantaloons ?
37. If 3 men can do a piece of work in 5 days and
4 ninths of a day, how many days will it take 1 man
to do the same ?
38. If 3 men can build 4 rods and 5 sixths of a rod
of wall in 1 day, how many rods can they build in 5
days ? In 4 days ?
00. How many are 5 times 4f ?
Solution. Five times 4 are 20, and 5 times f are -\,
or 4 and , which, added to 20, make 24 ; there-
fore, 5 times 4f are 24-J-.
40. How many are 4 times 4f ?
Solution. Four times 4 are 16, and 4 times g are
- 2 <; -, or 3.\, which, added to 16, make 1 ( JJ ; there-
fore, 4 times 4J are 11K\ ?
41. How many are 4 times 2 J ?
42. How many are 3 times 4| ?
43. How many are 5 times 3| ?
44. How many are 4 times 3J ?
45. How many are 4 times 3g ?
46. How many are 6 times 2| ?
47. How many are 9 times 5 J ?
LESSON VI.
1. IF you divide a barrel of flour equally between
2 persons, what part of a barrel will each have ?
2. If you divide a melon equally among 3 boys,
what part of a melon will you give to each boy ?
3. How can you divide 2 melons equally among 3
boys?
Ans. Divide each melon into 3 equal pieces, and
then give each boy 1 piece from each melon ?
4. What is 1 third of 2 ? Ans. 2 thirds of 1.
LKS. VI.] ARITHMETIC. 87
5. What is 1 third of 4? Am. 4 thirds = 1J.
G. W hat is l third of 5 ?
7. If 3 yards of silk cost 4 dollars, what is the
price of 1 yard ?
8. If 3 bushels of wheat cost $5, what is the price
per bushel ?
9. What is J of 7 ? Of 8 ? Of 10 ? Of 11 ?
10. If a barrel of flour is divided equally among 4
persons, what part of a barrel does each receive ?
What would each receive if 2 barrels were divided ?
What if 3 barrels ? If 5 barrels ? If 6 barrels ?
11. What is 1 fourth of 2 ? Am. f, or \.
12. What is 1 fourth of 3?
Ans. 3 fourths of 1, or f .
( 13. What is 1 fourth of 5 ? Of 6 ? Of 7 ? Of 9 ?
14. If 5 boys eat a bushel of apples in a week, what
part of a bushel will 1 boy eat in the same time ?
Wiiat will 2 boys eat ? 3 boys ? 4 boys ? 6 boys ?
15. What is i of 2 ? Ans. f of 1.
16. What is i of 3 ? Of 4 ? 6 ? 9 ? 12 ?
17. What is J- of 2 ? Of 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 8 ? 9 ? 10?
11? 15?
18. What is \ of 2? 3? 4? 5? 6? 8? 9?
13? 15?
19. What is \ of 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ? 7 ? 9 ? 12 ?
20. What is J of 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ? 7 ? 8 ? 10 ?
11? 12?
21. What is ^of 2? 3? 4? 5? 8? 9? 10?
22. What is ^ of 2 ? 6? 9? 12? 14? 15?
23. What is -j^ of 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ? 7 ? 8 ? 9 ?
10? 11? 12? 15? 18? 20?
24. What is 2 thirds of 2 ?
Solution. One third of 2 is 2 thirds of 1, and two
thirds of 2 are 2 times 2 thirds, which are 4 thirds, or 1
and 1 third; therefore, 2 thirds of 2 is 1.
25. If 1 barrel of apples cost $2, what will 1 third
of a barrel cost ? What 2 thirds of a barrel ?
88 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IV.
2G. If a cord of wood costs $5, what will 1 fourth
of a cord cost ? What will 3 fourths of a cord cost ?
27. What is j of 5 ? See Ex. 24.
28. If 4 bushels of corn cost $3, what will 1 bushel
cost ? What will 3 bushels cost ? 5 bushels ?
29. What is } of 3 ? of 3 ?
30. If a box of lemons costs $4, what will J of a
box cost? f of a box ? f ? ?
31. What is J- of 4? of 4? f? f?
32. If 7 gallons of molasses cost 5 dollars, what
will 1 gallon cost ? 2 gallons ? 3 gallons ? 5 gallons ?
8 gallons ?
33. What is } of 5 ? f of 5 ? $ of 5 ? | ? f ?
*? f ?
34. If 8 gallons of vinegar are wor.th 2 dollars,
what is 1 gallon worth ? What are 2 gallons worth ?
3 gallons? 5 gallons? 7 gallons? 9 gallons?
3"). What is of 2? f of 2 ? f? fc? f?
36. If 6 yards of satinet cost 5 dollars, what is the
cost of 1 yard ? Of 2 yards ? 3 yards ? 4 yards ?
5 yards ?
37. What is J of 5 ? f of 5 ? f of 5 ? f ? -J ? ?
* 38. What is | of 8 ? of 9 ? f of 7 ? f of 11 ?
| of 10 ?
39. If 5 yards of cloth cost $12, what will 1 yard
cost ? 2 yards ? 3 yards ? 4 yards ? 6 yards ? 8
yards ?
40. What is f of 17 ?
Solution. One fifth of 17 is 3f, and fAra? fifths are
3 times 3f ; 3 times 3 are 9, and 3 times f are f , or
1 J, which, added to 9, makes 10 ; therefore, etc.
NOTE. This method is best for largo ptftabors, and that
given in Ex. 24 is best for small numbers.
41. What is 7 fifths of 17 ?
42. What- is 3 sevenths of 24 ?
43. What is 7 ninths of 20?
44. What is f of 19 ? f of 21 ? f of 26 ?
LES. VII.] ARITHMETIC. 80
45. What is of 15 ?- ^ of 18 ? -ft of 26 ?
46. What is ^ of 17 ? T V of 19 ? Y of 13 ?
47. What is | of 24? f of 36 ? J of 24?
48. What is T \ of 44 ? f of 42 ? T T of 77 ?
49. What is of 27 ? f of 49 ? of 81 ?
50. What is f of 24 ? of 42 ? f of 80 ?
51. What is T 7 T of 33 ? f of 40 ? f of 63 ?
52. What is | of 64? f of 63 ? ^ of 60 ?
LESSON VH.
1. IF 1 half of a barrel of apples costs 1 dollar
and 1 third of a dollar, what will a barrel cost ?
2. 1 and 1 third is 1 half of what number ?
Solution. Since 1 half of the number is 1 and 1
third, 2 halves, or the whole of the number, will be 2
times 1 and 1 third, which are 2 and 2 thirds; there-
fore, 1 and 1 third is 1 half of 2 and 2 thirds.
3. If 1 third of a box of oranges costs 2 dollars
and 1 fourth, what will 2 thirds of a box cost ? What
a whole box ?
4. 2 and 1 fourth is 1 third of what number ?
5. .If 1 fourth of a ton of hay costs 3 dollars and
1 half, what will 2 fourths of a ton cost ? What will
3 fourths of a ton cost ? What a whole ton ?
6. 3 and 1 half- is* 1 fourth of what number ?
7. If 1 fifth of a ton of coal costs 1 dollar and 3
fourths, what will 2 fifths of a ton cost? What 3
fifths ? 4 fifths ? 5 fifths, or a whole ton ?
8. 1 and 3 fourths is 1 fifth of what number ?
9. If 1 sixth of a barrel of flour costs 1 dollar
and 3 fifths, wjiat will 2 sixths of a barrel cost ? 3
sixths ? 4 sixths ? 5 sixths ? 6 sixths, or a whole bar-
rel?
10. 1 and 3 fifths. is 1 sixth of what number? '
11. If a man can walk 4 miles and 5 sixths of a
mile in 1 seventh of a day, how far can he walk in 2
90 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IV-
sevenths of a day ? In 3 sevenths ? In 4 sevenths ?
In a whole day ?
12. 4 and 5 sixths is 1 seventh of what number?
l'>. A boy skated 1 mile and 5 sevenths in 1 eighth
of an hour ; how far, at the same rate, would he skate
in 2 eighths of an hour? In 3 eighths? In 5
eighths ? In an hour ?
14. 1 and 5 sevenths is 1 eighth of what number?
15. A locomotive ran 3 miles and 2 fifths of a mile
in 1 ninth of an hour ; how far would it run in 2
ninths of an hour ? How far in 3 ninths of an hour ?
In 4 ninths ? In 6 ninths ? In an hour ?
16.3 and 2 fifths is 1 ninth of what number ?
17. A ship sailed 1 mile and 1 fourth in 1 tenth of
an hour ; how far would she sail in 2 tenths of an
hour ? How far would she sail in 3 tenths of an hour ?
In 4 tenths ? In 5 tenths ? In 9 tenths ? In an hour ?
18. 1 and 1 fourth is 1 tenth of what number?
19. 6 and 2 fifths is 1 seventh of what number?
20. 4 and 3 sevenths is 1 fifth of what number ?
21. 5 and 3 fourths is 1 eighth of what number ?
22. 6 and 5 eighths is 1 fourth of what number?
23. 3 and f is ^ of what number ?
24. 4 and f is T \y of what number ?
25. 3 and is of what number ?
26. of is } 2 of what number ?
27. 2 is ^ of what number?
28. 3f is ^ of what number ?
29. If 2 thirds of a box of lemons cost 3 dollars,
what will one third of a box cost ? What will a box
cost?
30. 3 is 2 thirds of what number ?
/Solution. Since 3 is two thirds, one third is 1 half
of 3, which is 1 and 1 half; and three thirds, or the
whole, will be three times 1 and 1 half, which are 4 and
1 half ; therefore, 3 is 2 thirds of 4 and 1 half.
31. 5 is 2 thirds of what number?
LES. VII.] ARITHMETIC. 91
32. If 3 fourths of a yard of cloth cost $4, what
will 1 fourth of a yard cost ? What will a yard cost ?
33. If 4 is 3 fourths of some number, what is 1
fourth of the same number ? 1 and 1 third is 1 fourth
of what number ? Then 4 is 3 fourths of what number ?
34. If f of a box of lemons cost $3, what will a
box cost?
35. If 3 is f of some number, what is of the same
number? 1J is J of what number? Then 3 is f of
what number ?
36. If | of a hundred weight of sugar cost $8, what
will 1 hundred weight cost ?
37. If 8 is f of some number, what is J of the same
number ? If is ^ of what number ? Then 8 is ^ of
what number?
38. If J of a cord of wood cost $4, what will a cord
cost?
39. 4 is f of what number ?
40. If ^ of a ton of hay cost $16, what will a ton
cost?
41. 16 is y 7 ^ of what number ?
42. If a man can earn $23 in -fy of a month, what
can he earn in a month ?
43. 23 is ^\j of what number ?
44. A man can do J of a piece of work in 5 days ;
how long will it take him to do the whole of it ?
45. 5 is f of what number ?
46. A horse traveled 4 miles in of an hour ; how
far, at the same rate, would he travel in an hour ?
47. 4 is $ of what number ?
48. If 7 pounds of flour cost 38 cents, whnt will 12
pounds cost?
49. 38 is ^ of what number ?
50. If 6 yards of cloth costs $10, what will 5 yards
cost ? 8 yards ?
51. If 3 men can do a piece of work in 7 hours,
how long will it take 5 men to do the same work ?
02 INTELLECTUAL. [SEC. IV.
52. If 2 pipes will empty a cistern in 7 hours, in
what time will 5 pipes empty it ? 3 pipes ?
53. 7 is f of what number ?
54. 9 is of what number ?
55. 18 is J of what number ?
56. 23 is ^ of what number?
57. A man bought 1 barrel and 1 fourth of a bar-
rel of oil for $32 ; what was the price per barrel ?
Solution. A barrel and a fourth of a barrel are the
same as 5 fourths of a barrel. Since 5 fourths of a
barrel cost 32 dollars, 1 fourth costs 1 fifth of 32 dollars,
which is 6 dollars and 2 fifths, and 4 fourths cost 4
times 6 dollars and 2 fifths, which are 25 dollars and
3 fifths of a dollar ; therefore, etc.
58. A man bought 1 acre and 3 fourths of an acre
of land for $75 ; what was the price per acre?
59. 75 is. J of what number ?
60. Bought 22 yards of cloth for $12; what was
the price per yard ?
61. 12 is J^- of what number?
62. Bought 12 tons of hay for $30 ; what was the
price of I ton ?
63. Paid $18 for If barrels of cranberries, what
did I pay for 1 barrel ?
64. Paid $7 for If boxes of raisins; what, at the
same rate, should I pay for 2 boxes ?
65. Twice T 7 g of 7 are how many ?
66. Paid $3" for If bushels of wheat; what would
3 bushels cost ?
67. 3 times T 8 T of 3 are how many ?
68. Bought 1^ barrels of apples for $4; what
should I pay for 4 barrels ?
69. 4 times }% of 4 are how many ?
70. Bought l^y gallons of vinegar for 33 cents ;
what would be the cost of 2 gallons ?
71. 2 times ^J of 33 are how many ?
72. 5 times f of 21 are how many ?
LES. I.] ARITHMETIC. 93
SECTION FIFTH.
LESSON I.
UNITED STATES MONEY, sometimes called Federal
Money, is the Currency of the United States.
TABLE.
10 Mills (m.) make 1 Cent, marked c.
10 Cents " 1 Dime, " d.
10 Dimes " 1 Dollar, " ft.
10 Dollars " 1 Eagle, " e.
NOTE. The words eagle and dime are seldom or never used in
business transactions. Dollars and cents are usually separated
by a point ; thus, $36.42 is read, 36 dollars and 42. cents.
TABLE OF ALIQUOT OR EXACT TARTS OF A DOLLAR.
50 cents = 1 of a dollar, 20 cents = ^ of a dollar,
331 cents = J of a dollar, 16f cents = 4 of a dollar,
25 cents = 4- of a dollar, 124 cents = i of a dollar.
4 ' A . O
1. How many cents in 2 dimes ? In 3 dimes and
G cents ?
2. How many cents in 30 mills ? In 45 mills ?
3. Change $4 and 6 dimes to dimes. $1, 2 dimes,
and 5 cents to cents.
4. How many cents in ^ of a dollar ? In ? ?
*? t? *? TV?
5. What will 6 bushels of apples cost, at 33 J- cents
per bush$ ?
Solution. Since 1 bushel costs 1 third of a dollar, G
bushels will cost G times 1 third of a dollar, which arc
6 thirds of a dollar, or 2 dollars.
G.* At 16f cents per pound, what will 9 pounds of
raisins cost ?
7. At 25 cents per pound, what will 20 pounds of
coffee cost?
8. At 12^ cents a pound, what will 24 pounds of
sugar cost ?
9. Bought 12 sheep, at $3.33^ per head ; what did
they cost ?
94 INTELLECTUAL. [SEC. V.
10. Bought 5 barrels of flour, at $9.33 per barrel ;
what did I pay for the lot ?
11. Paid 6J cents a pound for 12 pounds of nails;
what did they cost ?
12. At 37 cents a yard, what will 8 yards of rib-
bon cost ?
ENGLISH OR STERLING MONEY is the currency of
Great* Britain.
TABLE.
4 Farthings (qr.) make 1 Penny, marked d.
12 Pence " 1 Shilling, " s.
20 Shillings " 1 1'ound, " .
NOTE. A Sovereign is a gold coin equal to a pound. A
Guinea is 21 shillings.
13. How many farthings in 2d. ? In 3d. 2qr. ?
14. How many pence in 3s. ? In 2s. 9d. ?
15. How many pounds in 46s. ? In 65s. ? In 82s. 6d.?
16. Change l 2s. 4d. to pence. 3 5s. 6d. to
shillings.
17. At 5s. a yard, how many pounds will 12 yards
of cloth cost ? 18 yards ?
18. At 6d. a pound, how many shillings will 18
pounds of cheese cost ? 24 pounds ? 27 pounds ?
10. At 8s. a pair, how many pair of shoes may -be
bought for 2 ? *For 3 4s. ?
LESSON II.
TROY WEIGHT is used in weighing gold, silver,
and precious stones.
TABLE.
24 Grains (gr.) make 1 Pennyweight, marked dwt.
2 Pennyweights " 1 Ounce, oz.
12 Ounces " 1 Pound, Ib 4
1. How many grains in 2dwt. ? In 2dwt. 6gr. ?
2. How many grains in 2^dwt. ? In 1 3 dwt. ?
3. How many pennyweights in 48gr. ? In 72gr. ?
4. How many pennyweights in 36gr. ? In 42gr. ?
LES. II.] ARITHMETIC. 05
5. How many pounds in 24oz. ? In 72oz. ? In
30oz. ? In oloz. ? In 69oz. ?
6. How many ounces in 3 Ib. ? In 2 Ib. 3oz. ?
7. How many dollars and cents will a gold chain
weighing 12dwt. cost, at 9 dimes per pennyweight?
APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT is used in mixing medi-
cines.
TABLE.
20 Grains (gr.) make 1 Scruple, marked sc., or 3.
3 Scruples " 1 Dram, dr., or 3 .
8 Drams 1 Ounce, oz., or g.
12 Ounces " 1 Pound, " Ib., or Ib.
NOTE. The pound, ounce, and grain are the same in Apoth-
ecaries' Weight that they are in Troy Weight ; but the ounco
is differently divided.
8. How many grains in 29 ? In o) ogr. ?
9. How many scruples in 40gr. ? In 2 ogr. ?
10. How many scruples in 5dr. ? In 6dr. 2sc. ?
11. How many ounces in 40dr. ? In 4Gdr. ?
12. In mixing a certain medicine, an apothecary
used lOgr. of one kind, 2) of another kind, and 33 of
another ; how many grains did he use in all ?
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT is used in weighing the
coarser articles of merchandise ; such asi hay, cotton,
tea, sugar, copper, iron, etc.
TABLE.
16 Drams (dr.) make 1 Ounce, marked oz
16 Ounces " 1 Pound, " ]b.
25 Pounds " 1 Quarter, " qr.
4 Quarters " 1 Hundred Weight, " cwt.
20 Hundred Weight " 1 Ton, t.
13. At 9 cents a pound, what will Icwt. of sugar cost ?
14. Bought St. lOcwt. of hay, at $12 a ton ; what
was the whole cost ?
15. At 12^ cents a pound, what will 12 Ib. of beef
cost ?
16. At 16f cents a pound, what will 15 Ib, of butter
cost?
17. What cost 24 Ib. of honey, at 33 J cents a
pound ?
INTELLECTUAL [SEC. V.
LESSON LTI.
CLOTH MEASURE is used in measuring cloth, rib-
bons, braids, etc.
TABLE.
2] Inches (in.) make 1 Nail, marked na.
4 Nails 1 (Quarter, qr.
4 Quarters ^ l 1 lard, u yd.
1. At 4c. a nail, what will lyd. of ribbon cost ?
2. At 3c. an inch, what will Iqr. of a yard of cloth
cost?
3. At $1 \ a quarter, what will 3 Jyd. of cloth cost ?
4. If 2yd. 3qr. Ina. of cloth are required for 1
coat, how many yards are required for 4 coats ?
5. What cost 3yd. Iqr. 2na. of velvet, at $2 a
quarter ?
6. How many inches in lyd. 3qr. 2na. lin. ?
LONG MEASURE is used in measuring lengths or
distances.
TABLE.
12
3
40*
8
3
60
8tJO~
Inches (in.)
Feet
Yards, or 16i Feet
Rods
Furlongs
Miles
Geographical, or 1
Statute Allies, nearly]
Degrees
make
u
<(
u
u
{(
1 Foot, marl
1 Yard,
1 Rod,
1 Furlong,
l.Mile.
1 League,
J 1 Degree on the
( Circumference of the Es
1 Circumference,
ced ft.
yd.
rd.
fur.
m.
irth, 19.
circ.
7. How many rods in 1 mile ?
8. What is the cost of making 40rd. of road, at
a rod ?
9. How many leagues in 15 miles ?
10. If a ship sail 20 leagues a day, in how many
days will she sail 300 miles ?
11. In 3 rods how many yards ? Feet ?
12. If a man can travel 4 miles in an hour, how long
will it take him to travel 3 leagues ?
13. Hired a horse and carriage, at 16 cents per
mile ; what did I pay for a ride of 15 miles ?
14. In 33 ft. how many yards ? Eods ?
Les. IV.]
ARITHMETIC.
97
LESSON IV.
SQUARE MEASURE is used for measuring surfaces.
TABLE.
144 Square Inches (sq. in.) make 1 Square Foot,
9 Square Feet " 1 Square Yard,
30| Square Yards, or )
272J Square Feet j ^
40 Square Rods u 1 Rood,
4 Roods " 1 Acre,
G40 Acres
1 Square Rod,
marked sq. ft.
" sq. yd.
" sq. rd.
REMARKS. 1. A rectan-
gle is a four-sided figure,
which has its corners or an-
gles all equal to each other,
as ABCD, Fig. 1.
re Mile, " sq
FIG. 1.
m.
B
D
A FIG. 2.
2. A square is a rectangle whose
sides are all equal to each other, as
ABCD, Fig. 2.
3. The small checks in Fig. 1
are squares.
. Ex. 1. A certain rectangular garden is 5 rods long
and 3 rods wide ; how many square rods does it con-
tain? See Fig. 1.
2. How many rods round a rectangular garden
which is 5 rods long and 3 rods wide ? See Fig. 1.
3. How many square rods in a garden that is 6
rods square ?
4. How ninny rods round a square garden, each
side being 6 rods long ?
5. How many square rods in a rectangular garden
which is 10 rods long and 6 rods wide ? How many
rods round this garden ? What will it cost to fence
it, the fence costing $1.25 a rod ?
6. At $2 per square rod, what cost 2 roods of land?
7
INTELLECTUAL
[SEC. V.
7. How many square feet in a board 10ft. long and
1ft. Gin. wide ? 12ft. long and 2ft. Sin. wide ?
S. I have a rectangular garden, 10 rods long and
containing 50 square rods ; how wide is it ?
SOLID on CUDIC MEASURE is used in measuring
things which have length, breadth, and thickness.
172* Cubic Inches (c. in.)
27 Cubic l-'eet
IS ("iiliio 1-Vi't
> Cunl 1 Yet, or )
128 Cubic Feet J
TABLE.
make 1 Cubic Foot,
" 1 Cubic Yard,
" 1 Cord Foot,
" 1 Cord,
marked cti. ft.
" c. yd.
4 c. ft.
REMARKS. 1. A cube is a
body, like Fig. 3, which is
S bounded by 6 equal square
~ faces.
2. A cube is also called
a rectangular prism. A rec-
tangular prism may have its
length, breadth, and hight un-
equal.
3. The volume or contents of a cube or rectangular
prism may be found by multiplying the length by the
breadth, which gives the area of the top or bottom
face, and then multiplying this product by the hight.
Ex. 9. How many square feet are there in the top
surface of Fig. 3 ?
10. How many cubic feet are there in Fig. 3 ?
11. How many square feet are there in the 6 faces
of Fig. 3?
12. How many cubic inches in a rectangular prism
or block which is 4 inches long, 3 inches wide, and 2
inches thick ? How many square inches in one of its
largest faces ? How many in one of its smallest faces ?
How many in one of the other faces ? How many in
its G faces ?
LES. V.] ARITHMETIC. 99
13. How many square feet in the surface of a cubi-
cal box whose edges are 2 feet in length ?
14. How many cubic feet in a cube, each edge of
which is 4 feet long ?
15. How many cord feet in 48 cubic feet of wood ?
1 6. How many cord feet in 3 cords of wood ?
1 7. What cost 3 cords of wood, if 4 cord feet cost $3 ?
18. How many cubic feet in 3c. ft. 8cu. ft ?
LESSON V.
LIQUID MEASURE is used in measuring water,
milk, beer, wine, molasses, oil, etc.
TABLE.
4 Gills (gi.) make 1 Pint, marked pt.
2 Tints " 1 Quart, " qt
4 Quarts " 1 Gallon, " gal.
1. At 4c. a quart, what cost 2gal. 3qt. of milk?
2. At 25c. a pint, what will Igal. 2qt. Ipt. of wine
cost ?
3. At 60 cents a gallon, what will 2gal. 2qt. Ipt. of
oil cost ?
4. What cost 2gal. 3qt. Ipt. of vinegar, at 4c. a
quart ?
5. What cost 2qt. Ipt. 3gi. of molasses, at 2c. a gill ?
DRY MEASURE is used in measuring grain, fruit,
potatoes, salt, charcoal, etc.
TABLE.
2 Pints (pt.) make 1 Quart, marked ot.
8 Quarts 1 p cc k, pk.
4 Peck* f " 1 Bushel. bush.
6. Afc lOc. a quart, what costs 1 bu?hel of cherries ?
7. At sL a bushel, what cost 3pk. of corn ?
8. IT 1 bushel of chestnuts costs $2, what will fiqt.
cost ?
0. Bought a bushel of hickory nuts for $1.60 and
sold them at 6Jc. a quart ; how much did I gain ?
100 INTELLECTUAL [SBO. V.
LESSON VI.
TIME is used in measuring duration.
TABLE.
60 Seconds (sec.) make 1 Minute, marked m.
60 Minutes " 1 Hour, " h.
24 Hours " 1 Day, d.
7 Days " 1 Week, " \vk.
52 Weeks and 14 Days, or ) u -, y u w
3'i.jj Days )
100 Years 1 Century, c.
The names of the seasons and of the months, and tho
number of days in the several months, are as follows :
SEASONS. MONTHS. No. OF DAYS.
w . f ( 1st. JANUARY, ....... 31
ter ' ) 2d. FEBRUARY, ...... 28, in leap-year 29.
( 3d. MARCH, ........ 31
Spring, \ 4th. APRIL, ........ 80
( 5th. MAY, ......... 31
( 6th. JUNE, ........ 30
Summer, < 7th. JULY, ...... .31
( 8th. AUGUST, ....... 31
( 9th. SEPTEMBER, ...... 30
Autumn, { 10th. OCTOBER, ...... 31
tilth. NOVEMBER, . . . ... .30
Winter, 12th. DECEMBER, ...... 31
The number of days in each month may be easily
remembered by committing the following lines
Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November;
All the rest have thirty-one
April, June, and November;
All the rest have thirty-one
Save the second mouth alone,
Which has just eight and a score
Till leap-year gives it one more.'*
1. How many seconds in 1m. 30sec.?
2. How many minutes between half-past 9 o'clock
and noon ?
3. If a man earns $1 J per day, how many dollars
will he earn in the 6 working-days of a week ?
4. How many days in leap year from the 1st of
January to the 10th of March, inclusive ? How many
in a common year ?
5. How many days in June, July, and August ?
LES. I.] ARITHMETIC. 101
0. If a boy can count 3 in a second, how many can
he count in a minute ?
7. John slept 8 hours each night ; how many hours
did he sleep in a week ?
8. How many hours in 3 J days ? In 2d. Gh. ?
MISCELLANEOUS TABLE.
12 Single things make 1 Dozen.
12 Dozen u 1 Gross.
12 Gross " 1 Great Gross.
20 Single things " 1 Score.
5 Score " 1 Hundred.
24 Sheets of paper " 1 Quire.
20 Quires " 1 Ream.
250 sheets of paper " 1 Printer's Token (small).
500 " ' u " 1 " kk (large).
56 Pounds " 1 Bushel of corn.
60 rounds " 1 Bushel of wheat.
196 Pounds " 1 Barrel of flour.
200 Pounds " 1 Barrel of beef, pork, or fish.
0. At lOc. a dozen, what cost 2 gross of buttons ?
10. At 3c. apiece, what cost 2 dozen of oranges ?
1 L. What cost 2 reams of paper, at lOc. a quire ?
12. What cost 2 barrels of pork, at $8 per cwt. ?
SECTION SIXTH.
LESSON I.
1. AT 2 cents a yard, what will 3 yards and ono
half of a yard of braid cost?
Solution. Three yards will cost 3 times 2 cents,
which are G cents ; one half of a yard will cost ono
half of 2 cents, which is 1 cent ; and 1 cent added
to 6 cents makes 7 cents ; therefore, etc.
2. 3 times 2 and one half of 2 are how many ?
3. At 3 dollars a barrel, what will 2 barrels and
one third of a barrel of apples cost ?
4. 2 times 3 and one third of 3 are how many ?
5. At 3 dollars a yard, what will 4 yards and 2
thirds of a yard of broadcloth cost ?
102 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VL
6. 4 times 3 and 2 thirds of 3 are how many ?
Solution. 4 timfcs 3 are 12, and 2 thirds of 3 are
2, which, added to 12, make 14; therefore, etc.
7. If a man walks 4 miles per hour, how far
will he walk in o hours arid one fourth of an hour ?
8. 3 times 4 and one fourth of 4 are how many ?
9. If a man earns 4 shillings per day, how many
shillings will he earn in 5 days and 3 fourths of a day ?
10. 6 times 4 and 3 fourths of 4 are how many ?
11. If a man earns $5 per week, how many dol-
lars will he earn in 4 weeks and one fifth of a week ?
How many in 6 weeks and 2 fifths of a week ?
12. 4 times 5 and 1 fifth of 5 are how many ?
13. 6 times 5 and 2 fifths of 5 are how many ?
14. 5 times 5 and 3 fifths of 5 are how many ?
15.7 times 5 and 4 fifths of 5 arc how many ?
16. If wood is worth $6 a cord, what will 3 cords
and 1 sixth of a cord cost ? What will 7 cords and 5
sixths of a cord cost ?
17. 3 times 6 and 1 sixth of 6 are how many ?
18. 7 times 6 and 5 sixths of G are how many ?
19. At $7 a ton, what will 4 tons and 1 seventh of a
ton of coal cost ? What will 6 tons and 3 sevenths of
a ton cost ?
20. 4 times 7 and 1 seventh of 7 are how many ?
21. 6 times 7 and 3 sevenths of 7 are how many?
22. 7 times 7 and 5 sevenths of 7 are how many ?
23. At 8 dollars a barrel, what will 3 barrels and
1 eighth of a barrel of flour cost? What will 7
barrels and 5 eighths of a barrel cost ?
24. 3 times 8 and 1 eighth of 8 are how many ?
25. 7 times 8 and 5 eighths of 8 are how many ?
26. 4 times 6 and 2 sixths of 6 are how many ?
27. 8 times 7 and 2 sevenths of 7 are low many ?
28. 4 times 7 and 6 sevenths of 7 are how many ?
29. 7 times 8 and 3 eighths of 8 are how many ?
oO. 9 times 8 and 7 eighths of 8 are how many ?
LES.II.] ARITHMETIC. 1< 3
31. If a pound of pork costs 9 cent?, what will 3
pounds and 1 ninth of a pound cost? What will 5
pounds and 4 ninths of a pound cost ?
32. 3 times 9 and 1 ninth of 9 are Low many ?
33. 5 times 9 and 4 ninths of 9 are hew numy ?
34. 6 times 9 and 7 ninths of nine arc how many ?
35. If a ton of hay is worth $10, what are 4. tons
and 3 tenths of a ton worth ? What are G tons and 7
tenths of a ton worth ?
36. 4 times 10 and 3 tenths of 10 are how many ?
37. 6 times 10 and 7 tenths of 10 rre how many ?
38. 2 times 10 and 1 tenth of 10 are Low many ?
39. 5 times 10 and 9 tenths of 10 are how many ?
40. 3 times 10 and 6 tenths of 10 arc Low many ?
41. At 11 dollars an acre, what will 3 acres and L
eleventh of an acre of land cost ?
42. What is meant by one eleventh of any number ?
What by two elevenths, three eleventh?, etc. ?
43. 3 times 11 and 1 eleventh of 11 arc how many ?
44. 6 times 11 and 4 elevenths of 11 are how
many?
45. If a car runs 12 miles per hour, how far will
it run in 4 hours and 5 twelfths of an hour ?
46. 4 times 12 and 5 twelfths of 12 arc how many ?
47. 3 times 12 and 7 twelfths of 12 arc Lovr manv ?
LESSON II.
REMARK. Six shillings make a dollar in many of
the United States, and in this book it will be so un-
derstood, unless otherwise mentioned.
1. A boy bought 2 pencils, at 6 cents npiece ; how
many cents did they cost? He paid for thorn with
peaches, at 3 cents apiece ; how rnany peaches did it
take ?
2. 2 times 6 are how many times 3 ?
3. A man bought 4 barrels of applet, at $) u li-.r-
104 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VI.
rel ; how many dollars did they cost ? How much
wood, at $6 a cord, would it take to pay for them ?
4. 4 times 3 are how many times 6 ?
5. Mary bought 4 oranges, at 3 cents apiece ; how
many cents did they cost ? She paid for them with
pears, at 2 cents apiece ; how many pears did it take ?
6. 4 times 3 are how many times 2 ?
7. Bought 5 cords of pine wood, at $4 a cord,
and paid for it with hay, at $10 a ton ; how many tons
did it take ?
8. 5 times 4 are how many times 10 ? .
9. Bought 5 barrels of flour, at $8 a barrel, and
paid for it with cloth, at $4 a yard ; how many yards-
did it take ?
10. 5 times 8 are how many times 4 ?
11. How much wool, at 4 shillings a pound, will
pay for 8 bushels of corn, at 6 shillings a bushel ?
12. 8 times 6 are how many times 4?
13. 7 times 6 are how many times 3 ?
14. 6 times 6 are how many times 4?
15. How many dozen of eggs, at 12 cents a dozen,
will pay for 7 pounds of veal, at 6 cents a pound ?
1 6. 7 times 6 are how many times 12?
17. 8 times 3 are how many time$4te ? 4? 5 ? 6 ?
18. 5 times 7 are how many times 4? 6? 8? 9?
19. 8 times 5 are how many times 10? 7? 6? 9?
20. Bought 3 hundred weight and 3 eighths of a
hundred weight of sugar, at 8 dollars a hundred weight,
and paid for it Avith apples, at 3 dollars a barrel ; how
many barrels did it take ? How much broadcloth, at
4 dollars a yard, would it take to pay for it ? '
21. 3 times 8 and 3 eighths of 8 are how many
times 3?4?6?5?8?9?
22. Sold 4 bushels and 3 eighths of a bushel of
wheat, at 8 shillings a bushel, and took my pay in
butter, at 2 shillings a pound ; how many pounds did
I receive ?
LES. III.] ARITHMETIC. 105
23. 4 times 8 and 3 eighths of 8 are how many
times 2 ? 6 ? 4 ? 7 ?
24. How much flour, at $8 a barrel, will pay for 5
boxes and 5 ninths of a box of butter, at $9 a box ?
25. 5 times 9 and 5 ninths of 9 are how many
times 8? 10? 6? 7?
26. 7 times 10 and 9 tenths of 10 are how many
(lines 8? 11? 6? 12?
27. 5 times 7 and 4 sevenths of 7 are how many
times 12? 8? 6? 5? 9 ?
28. 9 times 8 and 3 eighths of 8 are how many
times 5? 10? 12? 7? 11? 3?
- 29.- How many dollars will pay for 8 bushels and 4
sevenths of a bushel of wheat, at 7 shillings a bushel ?
30. 8 times 7 and 4 sevenths of 7 are how many
"times 6? 12? 8? 10? 9?
3L How many bushels of corn, at one dollar a
bushel, will pay for 9 bushels and 3 fifths of a bushel
of potatoes, at 5 shillings a bushel ?
32. 9 times 5 and 3 fifths of 5 are how many times
0? 8? 10? 12? 11?
* LESSON III.
1 . IF 2 pears cost 6 cents, what will 4 pears cost ?
Solution. If 2 pears cost 6 cents, 1 pear will cost one
half of G cents, which is 3 cents ; and 4 pears will cost
4 times 3 cents, which are 12 cents; therefore, etc.
Or, since 2 pears cost 6 cents, 2 times 2 pears, that
is, 4 pears, will cost 2 times 6 cents, which are 12
cents ; therefore, etc.
NOTE. The first mode of answering the above example is
the more obvious analysis ; but the ready pupil will very often
save labor, as in the second solution, by a quick perception o^,
and a careful attention to, the relations of numbers.
2. 4 times one half of G are how many ?
3. G times one half of 4 are how many ?
106 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VL
4. If 3 apples cost 6 cents, what will 12 apples cost ?
5. 12 times one third of 6 are how many ?
6. 6 times one third of 1 2 are how many ?
7. A man hired a laborer, and agreed to give him
5 for every 2 days' work ; how much did he give
him for 6 days' work ?
8. 5 times one half of 6 are how many ?
9. A man lays up 3 sliillings a day ; in how many
days will he lay up $8 ?
10. 8 times one third of 6 are how many?
11. If 4 boxes of raisins cost $7, what will 12 boxes
cost?
12. 7 times one fourth of 12 are how many ?
13. If 3 boxes of raisins cost $7, how many boxes
may be bought for $35 ?
1 4. 3 times one seventh of 35 are how many ?
15. If 7 bushels of wheat are worth as much as 2
cords of wood, how many bushels of wheat will pay
for 10 cords of wood?
16. 7 times one half of 10 are how many ?
17. If 10 cords of wood are worth as much as 35
bushels of wheat, how many bushels of wheat will pay
for 2 cords of wood ?
18. 35 is how many times one half of 10 ?
19. How many bushels of corn, at 4 shillings a
bushel, will pay for 2 barrels of apples, at 3 dollars a
barrel ?
20. 2 times 3 times 6 are how many times 4 ?
21. At 5 shillings a gallon, how many gallons of
molasses will pay for 2 yards of cloth, at 5 dollars
a yard ?
22. 2 times 5 times 6 are how many times 5 ? 10 ?
12? 8?
23. How many bushels of wheat, at 8 shillings a
bushel, are worth as much as 4 barrels of potatoes, at
2 dollars a barrel ?
24. 4 times 2 times 6 are how many times 8 ? 12 ?
9? 11?
LES. III.] ARITHMETIC. 107
25. A can build 12 rods of wall in 4 days, and B
can build 5 rods as often as A builds 3 rods ; how
many rods can B build in 4 days ?
26. 5 times one third of 12 are how many ?
27. A can lay 10 rods of wall in 6 days, and B can
lay 7 rods as often as A can lay 5 rods ; how many
rods can B lay in 9 days ?
28. 7 times one fifth of 10 are 2 thirds of what
number ?
29. A can mow 10 acres of grass in 6 days, but B
can mow only 4 acres while A is mowing 5 ; how
many acres can B mow in 3 days ?
.30. 4 times one fifth of ten are 2 times what num-
ber ?
31. A boy bought 20 peaches, at the rate of 2 for 3
cents ; how many cents did he pay for them ?
Solution. Two peaches in 20 peaches 10 times; and
10 times 3 cents are 30 cents ; therefore, etc.
Or, 20 peaches, at 3 cents apiece, cost 60 cents ;
but since two peaches were bought for 3 cents, the 20
peaches cost one half of 60 cents', which is 30 cents.
32. 3 times 20 are how many times 2 ?
33. How many eggs, at the rate of 3 for 5 cents,
can you buy for 30 cents ? How many at the rate of 5
for 3 cents ?
34. 3 times one fifth of 30 are how many ?
35. 3 times 30 are how many times 5 ?
36. 5 times one third of 30 are how many?
37. 5 times 30 are how many times 3 ?
38. A hare has 18 rods the start of a hound, but th,
hound runs 5 rods while the hare runs 3 ; how many
rods must the hound run to overtake the hare ?
Solution. The hound gains 2 rods by running 5
rods ; he must gain 9 times 2 rods, and therefore,
must run 9 times 5 rods, which are 45 rods.
39. 5 times one half of 18 are how many?
40. A hare has 24 rods the start of abound, but the
103 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VI.
hound runs 10 rods while the hare runs 7 ; how many
rods will the hare run before the hound overtakes
him ?
LESSON IV.
1. A BOY having 12 peaches, kept 1 third of them
himself, and divided the other 2 thirds equally among
4 of his companions ; how many did he give them
apiece ?
2. Two thirds of 12 are how many times 4?
3. A boy having 21 apples, kept 2 sevenths of
them himself, and divided the other 5 sevenths equally
among 6 of his playmates ; how many did he keep for
himself ? How many did he give to each of his 6
p lay mates ?
4. Two sevenths of 21 are how many?
5. Five sevenths of 21 are how many times G?
6. A man gave 4 fifths of 30 cents for 8 oranges ;
what was the price of 1 orange ?
7. Four fifths of 30 are how many times 8 ?
8. A man who had $36, divided 3 fourths of his
money equally among 6 poor persons ; how many dol-
lars did he give to each ?
0. Three fourths of 36 are how many times 6 ?
10. A man bought a sheep for 15 shillings, and sold
it for 5 thirds of what he gave for it ; for how many
dollars did he sell it?
11. Five thirds of 15 are how many times 6?
12. A boy bought a rabbit for 25 cents, and sold
him for 6 fifths of his cost ; for how many dimes did he
sell him ? How many cents did the boy gain ? What
part of a dime ?
13. Six fifths of 25 are how many times 1.0 ?
14. A grocer having 40 pounds of raisins, sold 5
eighths of them in 10 equal parcels ; how many pounds
were there in each parcel ?
LES. V.] ARITHMETIC. 109
'X & 4 *
15. Five eighths of 40 are how many times 10 ?
16. A boy having 48 cents, paid away 5 eighths
of them for oranges at 3 cents apiece ; how many
oranges did he buy ? How many cents had he left ?
17. Five eighths of 48 are how many times 3 ?
18. Nine sevenths of 28 are how many times 5 ?
6? 8?
19. Seven fourths of 36 are how many times 12 ?
6? 8?
20. Five ninths of 72 are how many times 10 ? 6 ?
7? 11?
21. .Eleven eighths of 64 are how many times 12 ?
10? 7?
22. Three sevenths of 84 are how many times 9 ?
6? 8?
23. Five ninths of 72 are how many times 7 ? 6 ?
10?
24. Nine fifths of 40 are how many times 12 ? 10" ?
11?
25. Nine sevenths of 63 are how many times 10 ?
8? 7?
LESSON V.
1. CHARLES and Edward bought some oranges :
Charles bought 4, which was twice as many as Ed-
ward bought ; how many did Edward buy ?
2. Four is 2 times what number ?
3. If 2 thirds of a barrel of flour cost 6 dollars,
what will 1 third of a barrel cost ?
4. Six is 2 times what number ?
5. If 3 fourths of a ton of coal cost 6 dollars, what
will 1 fourth of a ton cost ?
6. Six is 3 times what number ?
7. If 2 fifths of a pound of butter cost 8 cents,
what will 1 fifth of a pound cost ?
8. Eight is 2 times what number ?
110 INTELLECTUAL f SEC. VI.
9. If 3 fifths of a pound of figs cost 12 cents, what
will 1 fifth of a pound cost ?
10. Twelve is 3 times what number ?
11. If 4 fifths of a melon cost 20 cents, what will 1
fifth of it cost ?
12. Twenty is 4 times what number?
13. If 5 sixths of a yard of calico cost 15 cents,
what will 1 sixth of a yard cost ?
14. Fifteen is 5 times what number?
15. If it costs 40 cents to lay 4 sevenths of a rod
of wall, what will it cost to lay 1 seventh ?
1 6. Forty is 4 times what number ?
17. If 7 eighths of a ton of hay are worth $14,
what is 1 eighth of a ton worth ?
18. Fourteen is 7 times what number ?
19. If 3 fourths of a barrel of flour are worth $G,
what is 1 fourth of a barrel worth ? If 1 fourth of a
barrel is worth $2, what is a barrel worth ?
20. If 6 is 3 fourths of some number, what is 1
fourth of the same number? Two is 1 fourth of what
number ? Then 6 is 3 fourths of what number?
21. If I pay $16 for 4 fifths of a ton of hay, what
should I pay for 1 fifth of a ton ? If I pay $4 for 1
fifth of a ton, what is the price per ton ?
22. If 16 is 4 fifths of some number, what is 1 fifth
of the same number ? Four is 1 fifth of what number ?
Then 16 is 4 fifths of what number ?
23. If 7 eighths of an acre of land are worth $21,
what is 1 eighth of an acre worth ? If 1 eighth of an
acre is worth $3, what is an acre worth ? /
24. If 21 is 7 eighths of some number, what is 1
eighth of the same number? Three is 1 eighth of
what number ? Then 21 is 7 eighths of what number ?
25. If 3 fourths of a pound of raisins cost 15 cents,
what will 1 fourth of a pound cost ? What will a
pound cost ?
26. Fifteen is 3 fourths of what number ?
LB*,VL] ARITHMETIC. Ill
27. If 5 sevenths of a barrel offish cost 10 dollars,
what will 1 seventh of a barrel cost ? What will a
barrel cost ?
28. Ten is 5 sevenths of what number ?
29. If 5 sixths of a barrel of apples cost 20 shillings,
how many shillings will a barrel cost ?
30. Twenty is 5 sixths of what number ?
31. Eighteen is 6 sevenths of what number?
32. Thirty-five is 5 eighths of what number ?
33. Twelve is 3 fifths of what number ?
34. Fourteen is 7 ninths of what number ?
35. Twenty-four is 6 sevenths of what number ?
36. Sixteen is 2 fifths of what number?
37. Twenty is 5 ninths of what number ?
38. Twenty-seven is 9 tenths of what number ?
39. Thirty-two is 8 ninths of what number ?
40. Fifteen is 3 sevenths of what number ?
41. Thirty-six is 6 sevenths of what number?
42. Forty is 10 elevenths of what number?
43. Forty-two is 6 sevenths of what number .
44. Forty-eight is 8 ninths of what number ?
45. Twenty-five is 5 eighths of what number ?
46. Fifty-six is 7 ninths of what number ?
LESSON VI.
1. IF 3 fourths of a pound of raisins cost 15 cents,
what will a pound cost? How many peaches, at 2
cents apiece, will it take to pay for a pound of raisins ?
2. Fifteen is 3 fourths of how many times 2 ?
Solution. Since 15 is 3 fourths, 5 is 1 fourth, and 4
fourths will be 4 times 5, which are 20 ; 2 in 20, 10
times ; therefore, 15 is 3 fourths of 10 times 2.
3. If 5 eighths of a ton of hay cost 10 dollars,
what will a ton cost ? How much cloth, at 4 dollars
a yard, will it take to pay for a ton of hay ?
4. Ten is 5 eighths of how many times 4 ?
1 1 2 INTELLECTUAL [SE.C. VI.
5. A lady bought 7 eighths of a yard of silk for 21
shillings ; how many dollars would a yard cost, at the
same rate ?
6. Twenty-one is 7 eighths of how many times 6 ?
7. A man sold a cow for $32, which was only 8
ninths of what she cost him ; what did she cost him ?
When he bought her, .he paid for her with wood at
$6 a cord ; how many cords did it take ?
8. Thirty-two is 8 ninths of how ^nany times 6 ?
9. Samuel bought 18 peaches, which was only
3 eighths as many as Henry bought ; how many did
Henry buy ? Henry paid for his peaches with mel-
ons, giving 1 melon for 12 peaches; how many melons
did it take?
10. Eighteen is 3 eighths of how many times 12 ?
11. A man being asked the age of his youngest
son, replied that the age of his oldest son was 18
years, which was just 3 eighths of his own age, and
that his own age was 1 6 times the age of his youngest
son ; what was the father's age ? What was the age
of his youngest son ?
12. Eighteen is 3 eighths of how many times 16 ?
13. Twenty-four is 3 fifths of how many times 4 ?
14. Thirty is 5 sixths of how many times 5 ?
15. Thirty-two is 8 elevenths of how many times 6 ?
16. Thirty-five is 7 ninths of how many times 10 ?
17. Thirty-six is 4 sevenths of how many times 8 ?
18. Forty is 5 sevenths of how many times 9 ? .
19. Forty-two is 6 sevenths of how many times 4 ?
20. Forty-five is 9 twelfths of how many /times 6 ?
21. Forty-eight is 6 ninths of how many times 12 ?
22. Fifty is 5 sixths of how many times 8 ?
23. Forty-nine is 7 eighths of how many times 10 ? -
24. Sixty is 5 sevenths of how many times 8 ?
25. Sixty-three is 7 eigKths of how many times 12?
26. Sixty-four is 8 ninths of how many times 6 ?
. 27. Sixty-five is 5 sixths of how many times 10 ?
,
LES. VII.] ARITHMETIC. 113
28. Seventy is 10 sevenths of how many times 8 ?
29. Seventy-two is 12 fifths of how many times 4?
30. Seventy-five is 5 fourths of how many times 9 ?
31. Eighty is 10 sevenths of how many times 6 ?
32. Eighty is 8 thirds of how many times 8 ?
LESSON VII ,
1. A BOY gave away 2 apples, which was one
third of all he had ; how many had he at first ? How
many did he keep ?
2. Sarah is 5 years old, and she is one fourth, as
old as her brother ; how old is her brother ? How
much older is he than Sarah ?
3. A boy gave away 10 cents, which was 2 thirds
of all the money he had ; how many cents had he ?
4. A boy soid a dove for 15 cents, which was 3
fourths of what it cost him ; how much did he lose by
the bargains ?
5. If 15 is 3 fourths of some number, what is 1
fourth of the same number ?
6. A man paid away $12, which was 3 fifths of
all the money he had ; how many dollars did he keep ?
7. If 12 is 3 fifths of some number, what is 2 fifths
of the same number. ?
8. A man sold a watch for $24, which was only 3
fifths of what it cost him ; what did it cost him ?
9. Twenty-four is 3 fifths of what number ?
10. A man sold a horse for $30, which was only 5
sevenths of what he paid for him ; how much did he
lose by his bargains ?
11. If 30 is 5 sevenths of some number, what is 2
sevenths of the same number ? Thirty is 5 sevenths
'of -what number ?
12. A man sold 3 watches for $36, which was 6
fifths of what they cost him ; what did they cost him
apiece ?
8
1 - -1 . INTELLECTUAL [SEO. VI.
13. Thirty-six is 6 fifths of how many times 3 ?
14. There is a pole standing so that 1 third of it is
under wilt e i 1 , and 8 feet above water; what part of the
pole is above water ? How long is the pole ?
lo. There is a pole standing so that 2 thirds of it
are under water, and 5 feet out ; how long is the pole ?
1 0. There is a pole 3 iifths under water, and 8 feet
out; what part of the pole is -above water ? How long
is the pole ?
17. There is a pole standing so that 2 sevenths of
it are in the mud, 3 sevenths in the water, and 6 feet
above water ? What part of the pole is above water ?
How long i.-> the pole? How many feet are in the
mud? How many in the water?
18. There is an orchard in which 5 ninths of the
trees bear apples, 2 ninths bear peaches, 1 ninth bear
pears, and G trees bear cherries ; how many trees are
there in the orchard ? How many of each kind ?
39. Three sevenths of the trees in a certain orchard
bear cherries, 2 sevenths bear peaches, 10 trees bear
pears, and G bear plums ; how many trees are there in
the orchard ? How many of each kind ?
2 ). In a eorUsn school 3 ninths of the pupils study
.arithmetic, 2 ninths study grammar, 1 ninth study
history, 1 ninth study algebra, and 8 pupils study
geometry; how many pupils are there in the school?
How many attending to each study?
21. There i- a school in which 3 elevenths of the
scholar 3 stiirly Latin, 2 elevenths, study Greek, 4 elev-
en tin study arithmetic, 9 scholars study Algebra, and
7 study <i corn ''try ; how many scholars are there in
t'ie school ? How many attending to each study ?
22. A man sold a cow for $35, which was 7 fifths
of what she co t him; how much did he gain by the
bargain.- ?
2 ]. If 35 is 7 fifths of some number, what is 2 fifths
01" the same number ?
LES. VIII] ARITHMETIC. 1 1 5
LESSON VIII.
1. Two boys were counting their money, when one
said he had 6 cents. Well, said the other, 2 thirds of "
your money is exactly 1 fifth of mine ; now, if you
will tell me how many cents I have, I will give you
one half of them. How many cents had he ?
2. Two thirds of 6 ar.e 1 fifth of what number ?
3. A boy being asked how many chickens he had,
said that he had them in two coops : in one coop he
had 12, and 3 fourths of these were just 1 fifth of
what he had in the other ; required the number in
the other coop ?
4. Three fourths of 1 2 are 1 fifth of what number ?
5. Two boys were talking of their ages, when one
of them said he was twelve years old. Well, said the
other, 2 thirds of your age are exactly 4 fifths of mine ;
and if you will tell me how old I am, I will give you
as many apples as I am years old. What was his age ?
G. Two thirds of 12 are 4 fifths of what number?
7. A man being asked the age of his oldest son,
replied that his youngest son was 8 years old, and
that 3 fourths of the youngest son's age were just 2
sevenths of the age of his oldest son ; how old was the
oldest son ?
8. Three fourths of 8 are 2 sevenths of what number ?
9. A man being asked how many sheep he had,
said that he had them in two pastures ; in one he had
32, and 5 eighths of these were 2 ninths of what he
had in the other pasture ; how many had he in the
other ?
10. 5 eighths of 32 are 2 ninths of what number ?
11. 3 fifths of 10 are 2 sevenths of what number ?
12. 4 sevenths of 21 are 3 eighths of what number ?
13. 5 sixths of 24 are 4 ninths of what number ?
14. 5 thirds of 24 are 4 sevenths of what number?
15. 8 sevenths of 21 are 4 fifths of what number?
1 1 6 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VI.
1 G. Charles is 35 months old, and 4 fifths of his age
are 7 sixths of Mary's age ; how many years old is Mary ?
17. 4 fifths of 35 are 7 sixths of how many times 12 ?
18. 4 fifths of 25 are 10 sevenths of how many
times 5 ?
Solution. 1 fifth of 25 is 5, and 4 fifths are 4 times
5, which are 20 ; if 20 is 10 sevenths, 1 seventh is 1
tenth of 20, which is 2, and 7 sevenths are 7 times 2,
which are 14 ; 5 in 14, 2 times and 4 fifths : therefore
4 fifths of 25 are 10 sevenths of 2 times 5 and 4 fifths
of 5.
19. 4 sevenths of 28 are 2 fifths of how many
times, 9 ?
20. *3 fifths of 30 are 9 tenths of how many times 8 ?
21. 3 eighths of 32 are 6 sevenths of how many
times 9 ?
22. 6 ninths of 3G are 8 fifths of how many times 4 ?
23. 3 fifths of 40 are 6 elevenths of how many
times 7 ?
24. 8 ninths of 45 are 10 sixths of how many times
3?
25. 5 eighths of 48 are 3 fourths of how many times
12?
26. 3 eighths of 64 are 4 ninths of how many times
10?
27. 5 ninths of 72 are 4 fifths of how many times 6 ?
LESSON IX.
1. FOUR sevenths of 42 are 8 ninths of /how many
fifths of 35 ?
Solution. 1 seventh of 42 is G, and 4 sevenths are 4
times G, which are 24 ; if 24 is 8 ninths, 1 ninth is 1
eighth of 24, which is 3, and 9 ninths are 9 times 3,
which are 27 ; 1 fifth of 35 is 7, and 7 in 27, 3 timos
and 6 sevenths of a time ; therefore, 4 sevenths of 42
are 8 ninths of 3 fifths and 6 sevenths of a fifth of 35.
LES. X.] ARITHMETIC. 117
2. 3 fifths of 20 are 6 sevenths of how many
eighths of 24 ?
3. 3 sevenths of 28 are 4 fifths of how many ninths
of 18?
4. 3 eighths of 32 are 6 tenths of how many sixths
of 42 ?
5. 4 ninths of 81 are 6 sevenths of how many
thirds of 24 ?
6.- 2 eighths of 72 are 6 fifths of how many ninths
of 36?
7. 5 eighths of 56 are 5 ninths of how many tenths
of 100?
8. 3 eighths of 64 are 6 sevenths of how many sev-
enths of 35 ?
9. 9 sevenths of 28 are 3 fifths of how many sixths
of 48?
10. 3 tenths of 100 are 5 ninths of how many
fourths of 32 ?
11. 5 eighths of 32 are 10 sixths of how many fifths
of 20?
12. 3 fourths of 48 are 6 sevenths of how many
thirds of 24 ?
LESSON X.
1. IF 1 barrel of flour costs $6, what will 4 bar-
rels cost ?
2. If 2 barrels of apples are worth $6, what are 8
barrels worth ?
3. What will 3 yards of cloth cost, if 8 yards cost
$:>2 ?
4. Two couriers, A and B, are 21 miles apart, and
traveling in the same direction. A, who is before B,
travels 5 miles, and B travels 8 miles an hour ; in how
many hours will B overtake A ? How many miles
will A go before B overtakes him? How far must
B go to overtake A ?
118 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VI.
5. Two couriers, 12 miles apart, are traveling in
the same direction ; but the foremost goes only 3 miles
while the other goes 5 miles ; how far will each go
before they will be together ?
G. A and B are 60 miles apart, and traveling
towards each other ; while A goes 4 miles, B goes G ;
how many miles will each travel before they meet ?
7. A boy having 25 apples, kept 4 himself, and
divided the rest equally among 3 companions ; how
many did he give them apiece ?
S. How many chairs, at $3 each, may be bought
for $36 ?
9. How many sheep, at $8 each, may be bought
for $48 ?
10. How many tables, at $9 each, may be bought
for $G3 ?
1 1. A man bought 3 barrels of flour, at $7 a barrel,
5 yards 'of cloth, at $4 a yard, and 1 ton of coal for
$9 ; what did he pay for all ?
1 "2. If 4 tons of hay will keep 2 cows through the
winter, how many tons will keep 12 cows the same
time?
13. If a man spends 8 shillings a day, how many
dollars will he spend in 6. days ? In 9 days ?
14. If a man ear as $00 in 12 weeks, how much
does he earn in 1 month, or 4 weeks ? How much
in 3 weeks ? In 5 weeks ?
15. Bought 5 pieces of cloth, each containing 10
yards, for $100 ; what was the cost of each piece ?
'What the price per yard ?
1 6. If 2 men spend $24 in 3 weeks, how many dol-
lar-, at the same rate, will 5 men spend in 4 weeks ?
17. If 4 horses eat 12 bushels of oats in 3 weeks,
how many horses will eat 24 bushels in the same
time?
18. If 2 horses eat 4 bushels of oats in 8 days, how
many bushels will 3 horses eat in 1 2 days ?
LES. X.] ARITHMETIC. 1 1 '.*
19. If 6 horses eat 9 bushels of oats in 5 (lays, in
how many days will 3 horses eat 18 bushels ?
20. A ship's crew of 9 men have provisions for 2
months ; how many months will the same provisions
last 6 men ?
21. A ship has food for 2 men for 12 months ; how
many men will it last 4 months ?
22. If a staff 3 feet long casts a shadow 4 fret at
o'clock, what is the length of a pole that casts a shadow
20 feet, at the same time ?
23. If a staff 3 feet long casts a shadow 2 feet at
12 o'clock, what is the length of the shadow cast, at
the same time, by a pole 18 feet long?
24. If 4 'men can do a piece of work in 6 days, in
how many days can. 3 men do the same ?
25. If 5 men can do a piece of work in 3 day-,
in how many days can they do a piece of work 5
times as large ?
26. If 36 men can do a piece of work in 4 days,
how many men can do twice as much work in 2
days ?
27. A man bought 3 barrels of flour for 21 dol-
lars ; at what price per barrel must he sell it to gain
6 dollars on the lot ?
28. A man bought 5 barrels of flour, at $fi a bar-
rel ; for what sum must the whole lot be sold to gain
$10?
29. A man bought 5 casks of nails, at 7 dollars a
cask; at what price per cask must he sell them to
gain 15 dollars ?
30. A man bought 6 yards of cloth for 24 dollars.
and sold it at 6 dollars a yard ; how much did he
gain by the bargains ?
31. A boy bought 8 oranges^ at 3 cents apiece, an.d
sold them all for 40 cents ; how much di 1 he gain ; >y
the bargains ?
32. A man bought a lot of hay, at ' 2 fi ion, atitl
120 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VI.
sold it at $14 a ton, by which he gained $16 ; how
many tons did he buy ?
33. By buying cloth at $4 a yard, and selling it at
$3 a yard, I lost $6 ; what did I pay for all of the
cloth ?
34. A cabinet-maker exchanged 3 bureaus, worth
$8 apiece, for chairs worth $2 apiece ; how many
chairs did he receive ?
35. B can build 5 rods of wall while A builds 4 ;
how many rods can B build while A is building 24
rods?
LESSON XI.
1. AT 7 dollars a barrel, what will 3 barrels and
1 half of a barrel of flour cost ?
2. 3 times 7 and 1 half of 7 are how many ?
3. If coal is worth $9 a ton, what shall I pay for
4 tons and 1 fourth of a. ton ? What for 5 tons and 3
fourths of a ton ?
4. 5 times 9 and 3 fourths of 9 are how many ?
5. Bought 5 yards and 3 eighths of a yard of vel-
vet, at $8 a yard, and paid for it .with broadcloth, at
$4 a yard ; how many yards of broadcloth did it
take?
6. 5 times 8 and 3 eighths of 8 are how many
times 4?
7. Bought 3 tons and 5 eighths of a ton of hay, at
$16 a ton, and paid for it with flour, at $8 a barrel ;
how many barrels did it take ?
8. 3 times 16 and 5 eighths of 16 are Jiow many
times 8 ?
9. 5 times 12 and 5 sixths of 12 are how many
times 8 ? 9 ? 6 ? 5 ?
10. 7 times 10 and 3 fifths of 10 are how many
times 12? 9 ? 11? 8?
11. 6 tunes 9 and 2 thirds of 9 are how many
times 6? 10? 8? 12? 7?
LES. XI.J ARITHMETIC. '1-1
12. If 6 barrels of apples cost $18, what part of
$18 will 1 barrel cost? What part of $18 will 2
barrels cost ? 3 barrels ? 4 barrels ? 5 barrels ?
13. What is 1 sixth of 18 ? 1 third of 18 ? 1 half
of 18 ? 2 thirds of 18 ? 5 sixths of 18 ?
14. If 8 yards of cloth cost $24, what part of $24
will 1 yard cost ? 2 yards ? 3 yards ? 4 yards ? 5
yards ? 6 yards ? 7 yards ?
15. What is 1 eighth of 24 ? 1 fourth of 24? 3
eighths of 24 ? 1 half of 24 ? 5 eighths of 24 ? 3
iburths of 24 ? 7 eighths of 24 ?
16. If 12 cords of wood cost $48, what part of $48
will 1 cord cost ? 2 cords ? 3 cords ? 4 cords ? 5
cords ? 6 cords ? 7 cords ? 8 cords ? 9 cords ? 10
cords ? 11 cords ?
*7. What is 1 twelfth of 48 ? 1 sixth of 48 ? 1
fourth of 48 ? 1 third of 48 ? 5 twelfths of 48 ? 1
half of 48 ? 7 twelfths of 48 ? 2 thirds of 48 ? 3
fourths of 48 ? 5 sixths of 48 ? 11 twelfths of 48 ?
18. A boy having 28 cents, gave 5 sevenths of them
for peaches, at 2 cents apiece ; how many peaches did
he buy ?
19. 5 sevenths of 28 are how many times 2 ? 5 ?
20. A man bought a sheep for 21 shillings, and sold
it for 8 sevenths of what he paid for it ; how many
dollars did he receive for the sheep ?
21. 8 sevenths of 21 are how many times 6? 3?
12?. 8? 4?
22. Six men, setting out on a journey, took 5 loaves
of bread apiece; but before they had eaten any of it
-i: other men joined them, and the bread was divided
equally among the whole company. How many loaves
di 1 each man have ?
2-3. Six times 5 are how many times 10 ? 8 ? 4 ? 3 ?
24. A man had 24 cords of wood, and sold 3 eighths
of it for $54; what was the price per cord?
25. 54 are how many times 3 eighths of 24 ?
122 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VI.
26. A man had 36 sheep, and sold 5 ninths of them
at 4 dollars a head ; how many dollars did he receive ?
27. How many are 4 times 5 ninths of 36 ?
28. If 5 eighths of a box of raisins cost 15 shillings,
how many bushels of oats, at 4 shillings a bushel, will
pay for a box of raisins ?
29. 8 fifths of fifteen are how many times 4 ? 6 ?
30. A man gave 25 cents for his breakfast, which
was 5 eighths of what he gave for his dinner ; what did
he give for his dinner ?
31. A man paid 45 cents for his dinner, which was
9 sevenths of what he paid for his breakfast; what
did his breakfast cost ?
32. A teacher, when asked how many pupils he had,
replied that they were in 2 rooms : in one room there
were 32, and 5 eighths of these were 2 fifths of the
number in the other ; how many pupils were there in
the other room ? How many in both ?
~~ 33. 5 eighths of 32 are 2 fifths of what number ?
34. A boy being asked how old his dog was, said
that his cat was 8 years old, that the age of his cat was
4 thirds of the age of his rabbit, and that his dog was
twice as old as his rabbit ; how old was his dog ?
LESSON XII.
1. How many are 2 times 13 ? 13 times 2 ?
2. How many are 2 times 14? 14 times 2?
3. How many are 2 times 15? 15 times 2?
4. How many are 2 times 16? 16 times 2 ?
5. How many are 2 times 17 ? 17 times 2 ?
6. How many are 2 times 18 ? 18 times 2 ?
7. How many are 2 times 19 ? 19 times 2 ?
8. How many are 2 times 20 ? 20 times 2 ?
9. How many are 2 times 21 ? 21 times 2 ?
10. How many are 2 times 22? 22 times 2?
11. How many are 2 times 23? 23 times 2?
LBS. XII.]
ARITHMETIC.
123
12. How many are 2 times 24?
24 times 2 ?
13. How many are 2 times 25 ?
25 times 2 ?
14. How many are 3 times 13 ?
13 times 3?
15. How many are 3 times 14?
14 times 3?
16. How many are 3 times 15 ?
15 times 3 ?
17. How many are 3 times 16?
16 times 3?
18. How many are 3 times 17 ?
17 times 3 ?
19. How many are 3 times 18?
18 times 3?
20. .Plow many are 3 times 19?
19 times 3?
21. How many are 3 times 20?
20 times 3 ?
22. How many are 3 times 21 ?
21 times 3?
23. How many are 3 times 22 ?
22 times 3 ?
24. How many are 3 times 23 ?
23 times 3 ?
25. How many are 3 times 24 ?
24 times 3 ?
26. How many are 3 times 25 ?
25 times 3 ?
27. How many are 4 times 13?
13 times 4?
28. How many are 4 times 14?
14 times 4?
29. How many are 4 times 15?
15 times 4 ?
30. How many are 4 times 16?
16 times 4?
31. How many are 4 times 17?
17 times 4?
32. How many are 4 times 18?
18 times 4?
33. How many are 4 times 19?
19 times 4?
34. How many are 4 times 20 ?
20 times 4 ?
35. How many are 4 times 21 ?
21 times 4?
36. How many are 4 times 22 ?
22 times 4 ?
37. How many are 4 times 23 ?
23 times 4 ?
38. How many are 4 times 24?
24 times 4 ?
39. How many are 4 times 25 ?
25 times 4 ?
40. How many are 5 times 13?
13 times 5 ?
41. How many are 5 times 14?
1 4 times 5 ?
42. How many are 5 times 15?
15 times 5?
43. How many are 5 times 16?
1 6 times 5 ?
44. How many are 5 times 17?
17 times 5?
45. How many are 5 times 18?
18 times 5?
46. How many are 5 times 19?
19 times 5?
47. How many are 5 times 20 ?
20 times 5 ?
48. How many are 5 times 21?
2 1 times 5 ?
124 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. TI
49. How many are 5 times 22 ? 22 times 5 ?
50. How many are 5 times 23 ? 23 times 5 ?
51. How many are 5 times 24? 24 times 5 ?
52. How many are 5 times 25 ? 25 times 5 ?
53. How many are 6 times 13? 13 times 6?
54. How many are 6 times 14? 14 times G?
55. How many are 6 times 15? 15 times 6?
56. How many are 6 times 16? 16 times 6?
57. How many are 6 times 17? 17 times 6?
58. Plow many are 6 times 18? 18 times 6?
59. How many are 6 times 19 ? 19 times 6?
60. How many are 6 times 20 ? 20 times 6 ?
61. How many are 6 times 21 ? 21 times 6?
62. How many are 6 times 22 ? 22 times 6 ?
63. How many are 6 times 23 ? 23 times 6 ?
64. How many are 6 times 24? 24 times 6?
65. How many are 6 times 25 ? 25 times 6 ?
66. Count by 6's to 96; thus, 6, 12, 18, etc.
67. Count backward by 6's; thus, 96, 90, 84, etc.
68. Count by 6's from 3 to 99 ; thus, 3, 9, 15, etc.
69. Count backward by 6's ; thus, 99, 93, 87, etc.
70. Count by 7's to 98 ; thus, 7, 14, 21, etc.
71. Count backward by 7's ; thus, 98, 91, 84, etc.
NOTE. Such exercises as the last six examples above should
be continued only a very few minutes at a time. Let the ex-
ercise be varied by allowing the class to recite sometimes in
concert, sometimes individually ; by allowing one pupil to name
one number, and another the next ; by letting two or more pu-
pils recite simultaneously, one counting from one number, and
another from another number ; or by any other mode which
shall secure the attention and awaken 'the interest pf the class.
The more complicated of the above plans, if adopted, should
be commenced with the 2's, the 5's, the 10's, and other numbers
which give the more simple combinations ; and they should not
be continued unless the pupils have the ability to proceed with-
out confusing each other.
These exercises, if judiciously conducted, are very valuable ;
and when the pupil shall have acquired the ability to make all
such combinations with accuracy and rapidity, he will have very
great facility in all the processes of addition and subtraction.
LES, L] ARITHMETIC. 125
SECTION SEVENTH.
LESSON I.
1. A MERCHANT sold 5 yards of cloth, at J of a dol-
lar per yard ; what did he receive for it ?
2. What is 5 times J ? Ans. % X 5 = ='!.
3. How many are f X 3 ? f X 5 ?
4. How many are f X 4 ? $ X 7 ?
5. How many are 3 times $ ?
-4ws. Three times f are f , or .
NOTE. The |. are obtained by multiplying the numerator
by 3, and the J. are obtained by dividing the denominator by 3.
In examples like this, it is better to divide the denominator,
because it gives the answer in smaller or lower terms.
6. How many are 5 times -^ ? "Why ?
7. At -1*5 of a dollar a pound, what will 5 pounds
of butter cost ?
Solution. Five pounds will cost 5 times as much as 1
pound ; 5 times ^ of a dollar are f of a dollar = $1-J, .
8. At f of a dollar per pound, what will 4 pounds
of butter cost ?
9. What will 6 yards of silk cost, at || of a dollar
per yard ?
10. If 1 horse eats ^ T of a ton .of hay in a month,
how much will 7 horses eat in the same time ?
11. If 1 man can reap ^J of an acre of rye in a day,
how much can 8 men reap in the same time ?
12. If 1 yard of cloth costs |f of a dollar, what will
8 yards cost ?
13. How many are 8 times |f ? 9 times -J-J?
14. How many are 6 times ff ? 11 times Jf ?
15. How many are 5 times f ?
Ans. Five times f are f , or 3.
NOTE. The pupil will observe that if a fraction is multiplied
by its denominator, the product is the numerator.
16. How many are 11 times -^ T ? Why ?
126 INTELLECTUAL [SEC.. VII.
17. How many are 9 times f ? 15 times
18. How many are 23 times JJ ? 49 times
19. What cost 8 boxes of strawberries, at f of a
dollar per box ?
20. What cost 25 yards of sheeting, at ^ 5 of a dol-
lar pei* yard ?
21. If it costs Jg of a dollar to build a rod of wall,
what will it cost to build 20 rods ?
22. If a boy runs || of a rod in 1 second, how many
rods, at the same rate, will he run in 15 seconds ?
23. If a locomotive runs f f of a mile in 1 minute,
how far will it run in 75 minutes ?
24. If 2 bushels of apples cost f of a dollar, what
will 1 bushel cost ?
Solution. One bushel will cost 1 half as much as 2
bushels ; 1 half of f of a dollar is f of a dollar ; there-
fore, if 2 bushels cost f of a dollar, 1 bushel will cost
^ of a dollar.
NOTE. To find J of a number is the same as to divide the
number by 2. It is just as evident that J- of &. is 2., as it is that
of 6 cents is 3 cents. Hence, dividing the numerator of a frac-
tion by any number, is dividing the fraction by the same number.
25. If a boy walks 3 miles in f of an hour, how
long will it take him to walk 1 mile ?
26. What is of f ? Am. f -j- 3 = f
27. If 4 men can reap T \ of an acre of rye in an
hour, how much can 1 man reap in the same time ?
28. If a boy can run f of a mile in 3 minutes, how
far can he run in 1 minute ?
29. What is 1 dozen of eggs worth, if 7 dozen are
worth |f of a dollar ?
30. What is \ of if ? Am. |f -f- 7 = &.
31. What is -ft -^ 2 ? |f -f- 4 ? f -5- 5 ?
32. What is * -f- 5 ? -^ -f- 6 ? -%- -f- 8 ?
33. Hannah divided one third of a pie equally be-
tween 2 children ; what part of the whole pie did she
give to each child ?
LES. II.] ARITHMETIC. 127
Solution. One third equals f , and \ of is \ ; that
i s> i of ^ is J ; and therefore she gave \ of the whole
pie to each ?
NOTE. Multiplying the denominator by 2 makes twice as
many parts in the unit, and therefore each part is only one half
as great ; hence, multiplying the denominator by any number , divides
the fraction by the same number.
34. Three fifths of a barrel of flour were divided
equally among 4 poor families ; what part of a barrel
did 'each receive ?
35. If of a bushel of chestnuts are divided equally
among 5 boys, what part of a bushel does each re-
ceive ?
36. What is 1 sixth of f ? 1 eighth of $ ?
37. What is 1 ninth of f ? 1 twelfth of T 7 T ?
38. Mary having a nice large pineapple, gave ^.
of it to Sarah, ^ to Fanny, ^ to Laura, and kept
the rest herself; what part of the pineapple did she
give away ? What part did she keep ?
39. Whatis^ + A + A?
40. What is H A? A?
41. Whati Sl V
42. What is
LESSON II.
1. ONE half is equal to how many sixths ?
Solution. Since f make a whole one, ^ of a whole
one will be ^ of f , which is f ; therefore, etc.
2. One third of an apple is equal to how many
sixths of an apple ?
3. James gave ^ of a pear to William, ^ to George,
and kept the rest himself; how much did he give
away ? How much did he keep ?
NOTE. Change the fractions to sixths. Before fractions that
have different denominators can be added together, or before one
can be subtracted from another, it is necessary to change them
to other fractions that have like denominators.
123 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VII.
4. + = what? 1 # = what?
5. A man gave J of a dollar to one of his work-
men, and f of a dollar to another ; how many fourths
of a dollar did he give to both ? How many dollars ?
6* 2" ~\~ f are now man y i ? How many times 1 ?
NOTE. Read the first question in Ex. 6 as follows ; One half
and three fourths are how many fourths ~? Head all similar ex-
amples in like manner.
7. A man gave J of a barrel of apples to one of
his neighbors, and f of a barrel to another ; did he
give more to one than to the other ?
8. and f are how many ^ ? How many times 1 ?
9. Henry gave ^ of an orange to his brother John,
$ to his sister Marion, and kept the rest himself.
With this division the selfish John was dissatisfied,
saying that Henry had given more to Marion than to
him. No, John, said Marion, Henry has given just
as much to you. as to me, Now which was right,
John or Marion ? What part of the orange did Henry
keep for himself?
10. ^ is how many J ?
11. ^ -|- -{- J how many ? How many times ] ?
12. Samuel worked f of a day for Mr. Adams, and
f of a day for Mr. Daniels. Mr. Adams paid Samuel
50 cents. Now, at the same rate, what should Mr.
Daniels pay him ? How much, at that Kite, will Sam-
uel earn in a day ? What part of a dollar ?
13. are how many J ?
14. A boy wished to give ^ of a pear to his sister,
and ^ to his brother ; and in order to do this most con-
veniently, he first cut the pear into 6 equal pieces ;
how many pieces did he give to each ? Plow many
pieces had he remaining ?
15. Samuel gave -J of a dollar to one poor boy, and
-J of a dollar to another ; what part of a dollar did lie
give away ? How much more to one boy than to thtj
other ?
LES. II.] ARITHMETIC. 129
16. What is J+J? J?
17. James had a box of strawberries, and said he
would give J of them to Addie, J- to Willie, and the
rest to Georgie, if he could tell how to divide them.
Georgie won ; how did he divide them ?
18. Harriet having 3 quarts of cherries, said she
would give f of a quart to Mary, f of a quart to
Martha, and the rest to any one of the company who
would most quickly tell how to divide them. Would you
have won had you been there, and how would you
divide them?
19. I are how many ? 3 are how many J- ?
20 - I + f == how many ? 3 J# = what ?
21. A man having 2 bushels of wheat to give to 3
of his workmen, wished to give | of a bushel to the
first, f of a bushel to the second, and the rest to the
third ; how much should he give to the third ?
22. are how many -fa ? are how many -fa ?
23. A farmer had a horse, a cow, and a sheep.
The horse would eat of a ton of hay in a month, the
cow r 3 , and the sheep $ ; how much would they all
eat? How much more would the horse eat than the
sheep ? How much less would the sheep eat than the
cow?
24. | are how many ^ ? T %- are how many ? V ?
25. A man gave f of a ton of coal to B, and f of a
ton to C ; to which did he give the most ? How much ?
How much to both ?
26. A little girl having a pound of figs, gave f of
them to one schoolmate, -f^ to another, and kept the
rest; what part of the pound did she give away?
What part did she keep ?
27. | are how many $ ? -f^ are how many 3 V ?
28. A spendthrift having received a fortune, squan-
dered TV of it the first month, and fo of it the next
month, after receiving it ; what part of it had he then
remaining ?
9
130 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VII.
LESSON HI.
1. REDUCE f to its lowest terms. Ans. J.
2. Reduce to its lowest terms.
3. Reduce f to its lowest terms*
4. Reduce f to its lowest terms.
5. Reduce -f% to its lowest terms.
6. Reduce -fy to its lowest terms.
7. Reduce | to its lowest terms.
8. Reduce -f^ to its lowest terms.
9. Reduce |f to its lowest terms *
10. Reduce -f- to * ts lowest terms.
11. Reduce ^ r to its lowest terms.
12. Reduce f f to its lowest terms.
13. Reduce j| to its lowest terms.
14. Reduce J to its lowest terms.
15. Reduce f to its lowest terms.
16. Reduce f f to its lowest terms.
17. Reduce f to its lowest terms.
18. Reduce f J to its lowest terms.
19. Reduce ^ to twelfths. | to twelfths.
20. Reduce f to twelfths, f to twelfths.
21. Reduce -j% to fifths, f to twentieths.
22. Reduce -f$ to fourths, f to twentieths.
23. Reduce f and f to equivalent fractions having
a common denominator.
24. Reduce ^ and -fa so that they shall have the
least common denominator.
25. Reduce f and f . -fa and Jf.
26. Reduce f and j. ft and |.
27. Reduce f and | . Jf arid f |.
28. Reduce ^, , and J, so that they shall have the
least common denominator.
29. Reduce f , &, and &
30. Reduce |, |, and J.
31. Add together J- and . | and f.
32. Add together f and . and J.
LES. IV.] ARITHMETIC. 131
33. Add together f and . fg- and j-f .
34. Add together J, |, and T V f , A, and |f .
35. Subtract from . from .
36. Subtract ^ from j. f from T 9 Q.
37. Subtract f from f. f from -fa.
38. Subtract f from f . f from {%.
39. A and B engage to do a piece of work. A can
do % of it in a day, and B can do of it ; what part
of the work can they together do in a day ? What
part of it would remain for the next day ? What part
of the next day would it take them to finish the work .'
40. A, B, and C engage to do a piece of work. A
can do -J of it in a day, B can do of it, and C can do
of it ; what part of the work can they all do in a day ?
What part would remain for the next day? What
part of the second day would it take them to finish tiio
work ?
41. -fa is what part of -$ ? -f$ what part of |J ?
LESSON IV.
1. A EOT having J of an apple, gave away J of
that ; what part of the whole apple did he give away ?
2. What is i of i ? J is how many J ?
3. A boy having ^ of a melon, gave away ^ of
that ; what part of the whole melon did he give away ?
What part did he keep ?
4. What is of ? i iof ?
5. James having of a clay for play, spent ^ of
that time with his cousin Alfred ; what part of the
whole day was he with Alfred ?
6. What is lof i? lof i?
7. A man having ^ of a cord of wood, gave away
J of that ; what part of a cord did he give - away ?
Wliat part did he keep ?
8. What is I of ? f of J?
Ans. I of \ is \ ; and f of \ is 3 times , or |.
132 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VII.
0. A man having J of a cord of wood, gave away
J of that, and sold the rest ; what part of a cord did
he give away ? What part did he sell ?
10. What is i of J?
11. Which is the most, J of J, or of J?
12. What is. J of J? Jof i?
13. A merchant owning of a ship, sold ^ of his
share ; what part of the ship did he sell ? What part
did he keep ?
14. What is i of i? f of ?
15. What is i of J? f of J?
16. What is J of |? f of | ?
17. What is of ? of ? *
18. A boy having f of a melon, gave away | of -
what he had ; what part of a whole melon did he give
away?
Solution. If of a melon is cut into 2 equal parts, each
part is \ of the whole melon ; and if of J is ; J> then
\f of -j is ; therefore, he gave away f of the whote
melon. , /
19. A man- owning f of a ship, sold f, of his share*
what part of the whole ship did he sell ?
20. A girl having picked f of a pailful of blueber-
ries, spilled 4 of tij^m ; what part of a pailful did she
spill?
21. A boy having f of a dollar, lost of what he
ha'd* what part of a dollar did he lose ?
22. What is i of f ? i off? | of -ft?
i 23. What is ^ of | ? J of $ ? A of ?
24. -Whatisiof T 7 T ? }of? T V f f ? ,
25. A boy having f of a pear, gave away f of what
he had.; what part of a whole pear did he give away ?,
Solution. % of is T V ; therefore, J of f is -fg ; and if
j.of f is 'TV then ff of> f is 2 times A which are T 8 ^ ;
therefore, he gave away T 8 ^ of the whole pear.
26. Charles had J of a dollar, and gave f of that
for a knife ; \vliat part of a dollar did the knifb cost ?
LES. IV.] ARITHMETIC. 133
27. If a yard of lace is worth of a dollar, what
are J of a yard worth ?
28. What cost of a bushel of corn, at ^ of a dollar
per bushel ?
29. A man owning | of a ship, sold f of his share ;
what part of the whole ship did he sell ? What part
did he keep ?
30. If a boy can pick f of a bushel of chestnuts in
a day, what part of a bushel can he pick in f of a
day ?
31. If a man can reap | of an acre of wheat in a
day, what part of an acre can he reap in f of a day ?
Solution. In i of a day he can reap \ of f , which is
. ^ of an acre ; ana in f of a day he can reap 5 times ^,
Vhich are f, of an acre.
32. What cost f of a bushel of butternuts, at ^ of a
dollar per bushel ?
.'' 63. What cost of a bushel of corn, at ff of a dol-
lar per bushel ?
^ 34. If ^ man can mow J-g- of an acre of grass in an
*heiir t what part of an acre can he mow in f of an
hour?
35. If a dozen of oranges are worth |f of a dollar,
. what are f of a dozen worth ? 9
36. At |f of a dollar per day, what will a man
' earn in f of a day ?
37. If a boy learns T 8 7 of his. lesson in an hour r
what part of it does he learn in -J of an hour ?
3$. At J| of a dollar per rod, what will it cost to
build f of a rod of fence ?
39. A man owning |- of a ship, sold ^ of his share ;
how many thirds of the ship did he sell ?
40. What is J- of ? . .
41. A man owning -J of a farm, sold J of his share ;
what part of the farm did he sell ? What part did
he keep ? .
, 42. What is i of f ? f of f ?
13 i INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VII.
43. What is of ? of f ?
44. What is I of f ? of ? ?
45. What is -J of ff ? f of fj ?
46. What is of ^ ? | of j f ?
47. What is of | of f ?
Solution. J of |- is ; of f is J ; therefore, J of
of } is J.
48. What is of of | of of of -f of of f ?
41). A girl wishing to divide of a pineapple
equally among her 3 brothers, was at a loss to know
how to divide it. At length she decided to cut each
of the fifths into 3 equal parts ; how many pieces did
she give each of the boys ? What part of the pine-
apple was each piece ?
50. The gi^l mentioned in the above example
could have made a better division of the f of a pine-
apple ; can you tell how ? By your plan, how many
pieces would you give to each boy ? What would be
the size of the pieces ?
LESSON V.
1. IF a barrel of apples cost 2J dollars, what will J
of a barrel cost ?
2. What is i of 2J ?
Solution. ^ of 2 is 1 ; \ of J is ; therefore, J of
2i is 1J.
3. If 3 barrels of flour cost $21|, what is the price
per barrel ?
4. What is J of 21 J?
5. A lady divided 8f pounds of maple sugar equally
among her 4 children ; how much did she give to each ?
6. What is J of 8| ?
7. A boy divided 2J oranges equally among his
brother, his sister, and himself; what part of an or-
ange did each have ?
8. What is of 2 J- ?
LES. V.] AKITHMETIC. 135
Solution. 2J are the same as f, and J of f is f ;
therefore, J of 2 is .
9. If 4 gallons of molasses cost $3J, what dqes 1
gallon cost ?
10. What is of 3J?
11. If 6 bushels of oats cost $3f, what is the price
per bushel ?
12. What is i of 3 J- ?
13. Paid $7J for 10 yards of cloth ; what did I
pay for 1 yard ?
14. What is Jt of 7} ?
15. Bought 12 bushels of corn for $llf ; what did
it cost per bushel ?
16. What is f of llf ?
17. If 5 bushels of wheat cost $8f, what is the
price per bushel ?
18. What is J- of 8| ?
Solution. 8f equals % 5 -, and of ^ 5 - is f , or If.
Or, 5 in 8}, once and 3f over ; 3f equals f-, and
of *f- is f , which, added to the 1, gives If.
19. A man bought 6 pounds of cheese for 62 cents,
what did he pay per pound ?
20. What is of 62 j ? of 74f ?
21. If 7 barrels of flour cost 60f dollars, what is the
price per barrel ? What is the cost of 2 barrels ?
22. What is | of 60f ? f of 60J ?
23. A man bought a cow for $33^, and afterward
sold her for | of her cost ; how many dollars did he
gain ? What did he receive for her ?
24. What is J of 33^ ? | of 33 J ?
25. A man bought a horse for $65f ; but, not prov-
ing so good as he anticipated, he sold it for of its
cost ; how much did he lose ? For how many dollars
did he sell it ?
26. What is of 65f ? J of 65$ ?
27. If 1 man can do a piece of work in 27f days,
how long would it take 4 men to do the- same ?
136 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VII.
28. What is J of 27} ? i of i of 27} ?
20. If a horse can travel 27f miles in 4 hourSj
how far, at the same rate, can he travel in 9 hours ?
30. What is i of 27$ ? J of 27 J ?
31. If 7 yards of cloth cost $31 f, what will 5 yards
cost?
32. What is } of 31 ? of 31 ?
33. If 4 pipes will empty a cistern containing 38g
gallons in a given time, how many gallons will be
drawn from the cistern by 3 pipes of the same size in
the same time ?
34. What is J of '38$ ? } of 38 j- ?
35. If 3 horses eat 22 bushels of oats in 8 weeks,
what will 7 horses eat in the same time ?
36. What is J of 22J- ? f of 18f ?
37. In a freshet, a tree stood so that 35 feet, which
were f of its entire length, were under water ; how
many feet were above water ? What was the whole
length of the tree ?
38. What is f of 35 ? J of 35f ?
39. A man distributed 23 f bushels of wheat equally
among 7 poor families ; how many bushels, at the
same rate, would have been required for 9 families ?
40. What is f of 23 f ? of 13f ?
41. If 8 soldiers are allowed 13 J pounds of meat
in 1 day, what will 3 soldiers be allowed in 5 days ?
42. What is 5 times f of 13 J?
43. What is 4 times f of 19J ?
LESSON VI.
1. A BOY having 2 melons, ate of a melon each
day as long as they lasted ; how many days did they
last ? How many days would they have lasted had
he eaten of a melon each day ?
2. How many times is -^ contained in 2 ; that is
how many tunes is J contained in ?
LES. VI.] ARITHMETIC. 137
Solution. 6 times'; for 2 equals f , and J is contained
in just as many times as 1 apple is contained in 6
apples, or as 1 is contained in 6.
3. How many times in '2 ?
Solution. 3 times; for ^ is contained in f. just as
many times as 2 in 6. Or, since J is contained 6 times
in f , f is contained J of 6 times, viz., 3 times, in f .
4. A boy having 3 oranges, gave f of an orange
f piece to several of his companions ; to how many
could he give them ?
5. How many times J in 3 ? f in 3 ?
6. If f of a pound of butter will last a family 1
day, how many days will 4 pounds last the same fam-
ily ? How many days will 6 pounds last ? 7 pounds ?
7. How many times in 4 ? In 6 ? In 7 ?
8. If f of a barrel of apples will supply a family
for a week, for how many weeks will 6 barrels supply
the same family ? For how many weeks will 6 barrels
supply them, if they use f of a barrel a week ? If
they use f ?
9. In 6 how many times f ? f ? f ?
10. If a family consumes J of a barrel of flour in a
month, how long will 3-f barrels last them ? 9 1 bar-
rels ? 8i?
11. How many times f in 3f ? In 9| ? 8J ?
12. How long will 9 pounds of butter last a family,
if they use 1^ pounds per week?
13. How many times 1J-, or f in 9 ?
14. How many soldiers will 8-| founds of bread
supply, if each soldier is allowed 1| pounds?
15. In 8J how many times If ?
16. How many garments will 20 J yards of cloth
make, if each garment requires 2J yards ?
17. In 20 J how many times 2^ ?
18. When raisins cost ^ of a dollar a pound, IIOTV
many pounds can you buy for f of a dollar ?
19. How many times is contained in J ?
133 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VII.
Solution. | are the same as -f%, and equals -^ ; ^
in -f^y 4 times ; therefore, J in f , 4J times.
20. When cream of tartar costs f of a dollar a
pound, how many pounds may be bought for $1?
How many for $2f ?
21. How many times in 1 ? In 2f ?
22. At f of a dollar per pound, how many pounds
of tea can 1 buy for $2 ? For $3J ?
23. How many times in 2J- ? In 3J ?
24. If coffee costs J of a dollar a pound, how many
pounds may be bought for $1 ? For $2$ ?
25. How many times f in 1 ? In 2?
26. At $1 J per bushel, how much wheat can I buy
for $3J ? For $5fc ?
27. How many times 1 J in 3 ? In
28. At $2J a box, how many boxes of raisins can
you buy for $6J ? For ?9| ?
29. How many times 2 in 6f ? In 9| ?
30. At 8J cents a pound, how many pounds of su-
gar can I buy for 12^ cents ? For 33 cents ?
31. How many times 8J in 12^ ? In 33 ?
32. How many times 6 in 37^ ? In 87 ?
33. How many times 5| in 6 T \ ? In 7 ?
34. If 3 barrels of flour cost $20f , what will 6J
barrels cost?
Suggestion. 6f is twice 3f.
35. If 5| barrels of apples cost $11^, what will 28|
barrels cost?
36. If 2| acres of land are worth $26, what are 10|
acres worth ?
37. If 7| acres of land cost $28f, what will 5J
acres cost ?
Suggestion. 7f in 28f , 4 times.
38. If 2J pounds of veal cost 24| cents, what will
5J pounds cost? lOf pounds? 21 J pounds? 7f
pounds ?
LES. I.J ARITHMETIC.
SECTION EIGHTH.
LESSON I.
REMARKS. 1. Per centum, or per cent., is an ex-
pression which means by the hundred ; thus, 5 per
cent, of any number is T ^ or ^ of that number; 25
per cent, is T 2 <y 5 <j or | ; 3 per cent, is T -g- 7 , etc.
2. Gains and losses, interest on money, commis-
sions of agents, increase or decrease of population, etc.,
are usually computed at some given per cent, on the
sum or number considered.
3. The following rates, being readily reduced to
convenient fractional forms, are easily computed :
2 per cent, is . . $. 12 per cent, is . . J.
5 '. ". *. 1C 20* ! ! ! f.
25 . . . J.
33J ... 4.
10" ... T V 50 ... 4.
Ex. 1. A farmer having 80 sheep, lost 25 per cent,
of them ; how many sheep did he lose ?
Solution. He lost -ff^ or ^ of his flock ; ^ of 80 is
20 ; therefore, he lost 20 sheep.
2. The number of inhabitants in the town of B on
the 1st of May, 1860, was 2500 ; in a year the popu-
lation increased 20 per cent. ; what was the increase
of population in the year ? What was the population
of B on the 1st of May, 1861 ?
3. An agent sells $500 worth of goods for his em-
ployer, and receives a commission, or compensation, of
4 per cent, for transacting the business ; how many
dollars does he receive for his services ? How many
dollars does he pay over to his employer ?
4. In one town in Wisconsin 16000 bushels of wheat
grew in 1863 ; what will be the number of bushels in
1864, if there shall be a decrease of 12 per cent. ?
A-
14) INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VIII.
5. A physician having bills against his patients to
the amount of $72, paid 1G| per cent, for their col-
liviion ; what did the agent receive for collecting the
money ? What did he pay over to the physician ?
6. Suppose the number of deaths in New York dur-
ing the 1st week of March was 500, and that the de-
crease during the 1st week of June was 10 per cent. ;
how many less deaths were there in the city during
the latter week ? What was the number of deaths
during the latter week ?
7. The American Insurance Company has insured
$4000 on my house, at a premium of 2 per cent. ; what
is the premium, or sum paid for the insurance ?
8. What is GJ per cent, of $64 ?
9. What is 33 J per cent, of 45 bushels of corn ?
10. What is 5 per cent, of 80 peaches ?
1 1. What is 8 J per cent, of 48 boys ?
12. What is 50 per cent, of 36 horses ?
13. A physician having bills against his patients to
the amount of $80, paid $20 for collecting them ; what
per cent, did he pay ?
Solution. $80 is 100 per cent., or the whole sum
collected, and $20 is f or \ of the whole sum ; ^ of
100 per cent, is 25 per cent. ; therefore, etc.
14. In a lot of 60 barrels of apples, 12 barrels are
spoiled and the rest are good ; what per cent, of them
are spoiled ? What per cent, are good ?
15. From a cask of 63 gallons of molasses, a grocer
has drawn 21 gallons ; what per cent, of the molasses
has he drawn out ? What per cent, of it remains in ?
16. What per cent, do I gain by buying hats at $4,
and selling them at $5, apiece ?
17. What per cent, do I lose by buying hats at $5,
and selling them at $4, apiece ?
J 8. Twenty is what per cent, of 50 ?
10. A gentleman invested f of his money in land;
what per cent, of it did he so invest ?
LES.L] ARITHMETIC. 141
Solution. The whole of any thing is 100 per cent, of
it ; hence f of the thing is f of 100 per cent., which is
40 per cent. ; therefore, etc.
20. A man saved of his income, and spent the rest ;
what per cent, of it did he save ? What per cent,
did he spend ?
21. Three fourths of a number is what per cent, of it ?
22. Seven eighths of a number is what per cent, of it ?
23. Five sixths of a number is what per cent, of it ?
24. At 5 per cent., what sum can be insured on a
ship bound from Boston to San Francisco, for a pre-
mium of $GO ?
Solution. Since 5 per cent, is T ^ or -fa of the sum
insured, the premium, $00, is ^ of the sum insured ;
$60 is Jfr of $1200 ; therefore, etc.
25. At 2 per cent, what sum can be insured on a
house for a premium of $50 ?
26. $24 is 16f per cent, of what sum?
27. Seven oranges are 25 per cent, of what?
28. In 1863, a farmer raised 63 bushels of corn on
an acre. This was an increase of 12 J per cent, on the
previous year's crop ; how many bushels did he raise
on the acre in 1862 ?
Solution. Since the increase was 12 J per cent., or |,
of the crop, 63 bushels is f of the crop ; 63 bushels is
| of 56 bushels ; therefore, the crop of 1862 was 56
bushels to the acre.
29. A grocer sold tea at 50 cents per pound, and
thereby gained 25 per cent, on the cost ; what was the
cost per pound ?
30. A grocer sold tea at 45 cents per pound, and
thereby lost 25 per cent, on the cost ; what was the
cost per pound ?
31. A merchant sends his agent $42, from which he
is to take a commission and expend the rest for coffee.
The agent's commission being 5 per cent, on the pur-
chase, what sum will he have to expend ?
112 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VIII.
Solution. The sum to be expended is -}-gg- of itself,
and the commission is y^ of the same sum ; hence
the sum sent to the agent is -J-g-g- or f of the sum ex-
pended. $42 is f * $40 ; therefore, etc.
32. A man sends his agent in Oregon $515, from
which he is to take a commission and invest the bal-
ance in land ; the commission being 3 per cent, on
the purchase, what sum was. invested in land ?
33. If 12 per cent, is gained by selling hay at $18
per ton, what did it cost ?
34. If 16f per cent, is lost by selling a watch for
$40, what did it cost ?
35. An agent retained a commission of 12^ per cent.
for collecting money, and paid $56 over to his em-
ployer ; what sum did he collect ?
Solution. Since 12 per cent, or \ of the sum col-
lected was retained by the agent, the $56 paid
over was of the sum collected. $56 is % of $64 ;
therefore, etc.
36. A farmer engaged a laborer to thresh his wheat,
agreeing to give him 10 per cent, of all he threshed;
how many bushels must he thresh that the farmer may
keep 54 bushels ?
37. If it requires $125 in paper currency to buy
$100 in gold, how much gold may be bought for $100
in paper currency ?
NOTE. When it takes more than $100 in bank bills, govern-
ment bonds, or other paper currency, to buy $100 in gold, gold
is said to be at a premium if the paper currency is taken as the
standard of value, and the paper currency is said to be at a dis-
count if gold is taken as the standard.
38. If it takes $150 in paper currency to buy $100 in
gold, what is the per cent, of discount on the paper ?
Solution. The paper is worth -j-J$ = as much as
gold; therefore the discount on the paper is J = 33J
per cent, of its nominal value.
39. If it takes $166| of paper to buy $100 in gold,
LES. II.] ARITHMETIC. 143
at what per cent, of premium is gold, paper being ta-
ken as the standard ? At what per cent, of discount
is paper, gold being taken as the standard ?
LESSON U.
REMARKS. 1. INTEREST is money paid for the use
of borrowed money. The money borrowed is called
the Principal. The sum of the principal and interest
is called the Amount.
2. In many of the United States interest is compu-
ted at 6 per cent., and this will be the per cent, under-
stood in this book if no other is mentioned.
3. In computing interest, thirty days are usually
considered a month, and 12 months a year.
Ex. 1. The interest of $1 for a year being 6 cents,
what is the interest of $1 for 2 years ? For 3 years ?
4 years ? 5 years ? 8 years ? 10 years ? 15 years ?
2. What is the interest of a dollar for 1 month ?
Solution. Since the interest of $1 for 12 months is
6 cents, the interest of $1 for 1 month is ^ of 6 cents,
which is -f$ or \ of a cent = 5 mills.
3. What is the interest of $1 for 2 months ? For
3 months ? 4 months ? 6 months ? 9 months ? 5
months? 8 months? 11 months? 10 months? 7
months ?
4. What is the interest of $1 for lyr. 2m. ? For
lyr. 6m.? lyr. 3m. ? lyr. 8m. ?
5. What is the interest of $1 for 2yr. 6m. ? 2yr.
3m. ? 2yr. 10m. ? 3yr. 4m. ? 5yr. 7m. ?
6. What is the interest of $1 for 6 days ?
Solution. Since the interest of $1 for 30 days is 5
mills, the interest of $1 for 6 days is ^ or of o
mills, which is 1 mill.
7. What is the interest of $1 for 12 days? For
18 days? 24 days? 1m. 6d.? 1m. 24d. ? 2m. ISd. ?
4m. 12d.? 7m. ISd. ? 8m. 24d.?
144 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VIIL
8. What is the interest of $1 for 1 day ?
Solution. Since the interest of $1 for G days is 1
mill, the interest of $1 for 1 day is of a mill.
9. What is the interest of 1 for 2 days ? For 3
days ? 4 days ? 5 days ? 7 days ? 8 days ? 9 days ?
15 days? 20 days? 28 days? 19 days?
10. What is the interest of $1 for 1m. 15d. ? 2m.
3d.? 3m. 9d.? 8m. 4d. ? 7m. 27d. ? lyr. 6m. 15d. ?
11. What is the interest of $2 for a year ?
Solution. Since the interest of $1 for a year is
6 cents, the interest of $2 is 2 times 6 cents, which
are 12 cents.
12. What is the interest of $3 for a year? Of $4 ?
Of $5? $10? $12? $20? $30?
13. What is the interest of $2 for lyr. 6m. ? For
lyr. 6m. 24d. ? 2yr. 3m. 6d. ? Syr. om. 15d. ?
14. What is the interest of $3 for 2yr. 6m. 12d.?
Of $5 for 2yr. 3m. 15d. ? Of $10 for lyr. 7m. 14d. ?
15. What is the interest of $100 for lyr. ? For 2
yr.? lyr. 6m.? lyr. 10m. ? 2yr. 3m.?
16. What is the interest of $200 for lyr.? For
2yr. ? lyr. 4m. ? 2yr. 6m. ? 3yr. 2m. ? 4yr. 8m. ?
17. What is the 'interest of $50 for lyr. ? For
2yr.? 5yr.? 6m.? 8m.? lyr. 4m. ?
18. What is the interest of $25 for lyr. ? 3yr. ?
lyr. 6m. ? 2yr. 8m. ?
19. What is the interest of $100 for 60 days ?
Solution. The interest of $1 for 60 days is 1 cent ;,
therefore the interest of $100 is 100 cents, or $1.
20. What is the interest of $30 for 60 (Jays ? For
SO days ? 20 days ? 40 days ?
21. What is the interest of $40 for 60 days? For
30 days ? 15 days ? 45 days ? 75 days ?
22. What is the interest of $20 for 33 days
Suggestion. 33 days = 30 days -f- -fa of 30 days.
23. What is the interest of $40 for 33 days ? For
66 days ? 90 days ? 93 days ?
LES. III.] AEITHMETIC. 145
24. The interest of any sum of money for 1 year, at
5 per cent., is what part of the principal ?
Solution. 5 per cent, is T thr=2V> therefore, the
interest of any sum for 1 year at 5 per cent, is ^o f
the principal,
25. What is the interest of $40 for 1 year at 5 per
cent. ?
26. At 4 per cent., the interest of any sum for 1
year equals what part of the principal ?
27. At 10 per cent., the interest equals what part
of the principal ? At 12| per cent. ? At 20 per cent. ?
At 16| per cent. ?
28. What is the interest of $24 for 1 year at 16|
per cent. ? At 12 per cent. ? At 25 per cent. ?
29. What is the interest of $75 for 1 year at 4 per
cent. ? At 8 per cent. ? At 33 J per cent. ?
30. What is the interest of $60 for 1 year and 6
months at 5 per cent. ?
31. What is the interest of $32 for 1 year and 6
months at 12 J per cent. ?
32. At 6J per cent., what is the interest of $32 for
1 year ? For 2 years ? 1 year and 6 months ?
33. At 8J- per cent., what is the interest of $72 for
2 years ? For 1 year and 6 months ?
LESSON IIL
1. WHAT is the amount of $50 for 1 year?
Solution. The interest of $50 for 1 year is $3 ;
therefore, the amount is $50 -|- $3 = $53.
2. What is the interest of $200 for 2 years and 6
months ? What the amount ?
3. What is the amount of $60 for 60 days ?
4. What is the amount of $80 for 33 days ?
5. What is the amount of $84 for 90 days ?
6. What is the amount of $50, at 4 per cent., for
2 years and 6 months ?
10
146 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VIII.
7. What is the amount of $60, at 8J per cent., for
3 years and 3 months ?
8. What is the amount of $64, at 12J per cent.,
for 2 years and 9 months ?
9. What is the amount of $36, at 16 per cent.,
for 2 years and 3 months ?
10. What is the amount of $84, at 25 per cent., for
2 years and 6 months ?
11. At what rate per cent, will $6 gain 45 cents in-
terest in 1 J years ?
Solution. The interest of $6 for 1 year, at 1 per cent.,
is 6 cents, and for 1 years it is 1^ times 6 cents, or
9 cents. If $6, at 1 per cent., gains 9 cents, then to
gain 45 cents will require as many per cent, as 9 cents
is contained times in 45 cents : 9 cents in 45 cents, 5
times ; therefore, $6, at 5 per cent., will gain 45 cents
in 1^ years.
Or, thus : Since the interest for 1 years or f years
is 45 cents, for ^ year it is ^ of 45 cents, or 15 cents,
and for f years or a whole year it is 2 times 15 cents,
or 30 cents ; 30 cents is -gfa = i'%i5 f $6 ; T $^ is 5 per
cent. ; therefore, $6, at 5 per cent., gains 45 cents in 1^
years.
12. At what rate per cent, will $8 gain 96 cents
in 1 year and 6 months ; that is, in 1 \ years ?
1 3. At what per cent, will $1 00 gain $1 0^- in 1 J years ?
14. At what per cent, will $50 gain $10 in 2 years ?
15. At what per cent, will $12 gain 80 cents in 1
year and 4 months ?
1 6. At what per cent, will a given principal double
itself in 20 years ?
Solution. Any principal will double itself in 1 year,
at 100 per cent. ; and, therefore, in 20 years, at ^ of
100 per cent., viz., 5 per cent.
17. At what per cent, will any principal double it-
self in 25 years? In 10 years? 12 J years ? 50
years ? 16f years ? 33 J years ? 5 years ? 4 years ?
Lts. IV.] AIUTHMETIC. 147
18. In what time will $6, on interest at 5 per cent.,
gain 70 cents ?
Solution. $6, at 5 per cent., gains 30 cents in 1
year ; 30 cents in 70 cents, 2^ times ; therefore, $6, at
5 per cent., will gain 70 cents in 2J years, or 2 years
and 4 months.
19. In what time, at 6 per cent., will $10 gain $3 ?
20. In what time, at 10 per.cent., will $100 gain $25 ?
21. In what time, at 4 per cent, will $4 gain 24
cents ?
22. In what time, at 8 per cent., will $50 gain $23 ?
23. In what time, at 5 per cent., will a given prin-
cipal double itself?
/Solution. Any principal, at 1 per cent., will double
itself, i. e. it will gain 100 per cent., in 100 years ;
and at 5 per cent., in of 100 years y viz., 20 years.
24. In what time, at 4 per cent., will any principal
double itself? In what time, at 6 per cent. ? At 8
per cent. ? At 20 per cent. ? At 25 per cent. ? At
2 per cent.? At 50 per cent.? At* 12 J per cent.?
At 6 per cent. ? At 16f per cent. ? At 33 per cent. ?
LESSON IV.
1. WHAT principal, at 6 per cent., will gain 36
cents in 1 year and 6 months ?
Solution. $1, at 6 per cent., gains 9 cents in 1 year
and G^months ; 9 cents in 36 cents, 4 times; therefore,
$4, at 6 per cent., will gain 36 cents in 1 year and 6
months.
Or, since the interest of any sum for 1 year and 6
months, at 6 per cent., is y^ of the principal, it fol-
lows that 36 cents is T <y of the required principal ;
hence, ^ of 36 cents, or 4 cents, is T ^, and yg| is 100
times 4 cents, which is 400 cents, or $4 ; therefore, etc.
2. What principal, at 5 per cent., will gain 60 cents
in 2 years ?
143 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. VIII.
3. What principal, at 8 per cent., will gain $2 in G
months ?
4. What principal, at 10 per cent., will gain $15 in
1 year?
5. What principal, at 8 per cent., will gain $60 in
3 years and 9 months ?
6. What principal, at 10 per cent,, will amount to
$6.60 in 1 year ?
Solution. The amount of $1 for 1 year, at 10 per
cent., is $1.10 ; $1.10 in $6.60, 6 times ; therefore,
$6, at 10 per cent., will amount to $6.60 in 1 year.
Or, the interest of any sum for 1 year, at 10 per
cent., is -j^ of the principal, and this added to the
principal, -}-$, makes the amount = -J-i of the principal ;
hence, $6.60 is |J of the principal, and'^ of $6.60, or
60 cents, is -fa, and |g, or the whole principal, is 10
times 60 cents = 600 cents, or $6 ; therefore, etc.
7. What principal, at 5 per cent., will amount to
$22 in 2 years ? To $44 in 2 years ?
8. What principal, at 8 per cent,, will amount to
} in 2 years ? To $84 in 1 J years ?
9. What principal, at 4 per cent., will amount to
$66 in 5 years ? To $280 in 10 years ?
10. What principal, at 12 J per cent., will amount
to $250 in 2 years? To $121 in 3 years ?
11. What principal, at 16f percent., will amount
to $42 in 1 year ? To $80 in 2 years ?
12. What principal, at 6 per cent., will amount to
$10.60 in 1 year? To $21.80 in 1 year and 6
months ?
13. What sum can I obtain at a bank for a note of
$80, payable -in 60 days ?
Solution. The interest of $80 for 60 days is 80 cents,
which, taken from $80, leaves $79.20 ; therefore, etc.
14. What sum can I obtain at a bank for a note of
$48, payable in 45 days ? What sum for a note of
$64, payable in 75 days ?
LES. I.] ARITHMETIC. 149
SECTION NINTH.
LESSON I.
1. BOUGHT 21b. of figs, at 20 cents per pound,
and gave in payment a quarter of a dollar, a dime,
and the rest in cents ; how many cents did I give ?
2. I have a rectangular field 20 rods long and 15
rods wide ; what will it cost to build a wall around it,
at $1.50 a rod?
3. I have a field containing 3 roods and 10 rods ;
what is it worth, at $2 per square rod ?
4. What is the cost of a load of wood which
measures 1 cord and 2 cord feet, at 75 cents per cord
foot?
5. How many days from July 4th, at 9 o'clock in
the morning, to Aug. 10th, at 9 o'clock in the evening ?
6. What cost 3 score bushels of corn, at J of a
dollar a bushel ?
7. If a ship sail 180 miles each day, how far does
she sail in a week ?
8. Bought a load of wood which measured 9 cord
feet ; f of the load was pine, at $4 a cord, and the rest
was oak, at 75 cents a cord foot ; what was the cost
of the load ?
9. What cost 10 J acres of land, at $20 per acre ?
10. I have a sauars piece of land each side of
which is 3C .eet long ; how many rods is it round this
piece ?
11. If it takes 16^ yards of silk to make a dress,
what will the silk for 2 dresses cost, at 1^ dollars per
yard ?
12. I have a rectangular garden which is 12 rods
long and 7 rods wide ; how many square rods does it
contain ?
13. Mr. Smith has a rectangular garden, 6 rods
wide, and containing 48 square rods ; how long is it ?
150 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IX.
14. Mr. French has a rectangular garden 10 rods
long and containing 70 square rods ;. how wide is it ?
15. A man bought- a share of the Boston and Maine
Railroad stock for $100, and sold it for $103 ; what
per cent, on the purchase money did he gain ?
1 6. A grocer bought a box of sugar for $12, and sold
it so as to gain 5 per cent. ; how much did he gain ?
17. A merchant bought a piece of silk for $75, and
sold it so as to gain 10 per cent. ; how much did he
gain ? What did he receive for the silk ?
18. A shoedealer bought boots at $4 a pair, and
sold them at 5 ; what per cent, did he gain ? He
bought others at $5, and sold them at $4 ; what per
cent, did he lose ?
19. A grocer bought molasses at 40c. per gallon;
how shall he sell it to gain 25 prr cent. ?
20. A merchant bought goods for $50, but, they
being damaged, he is willing to lose 20 per cent. ;
for what sum is he willing to sell them ?
21.. A laborer agreed to work 5 months for 60 dol-
lars; how much did he receive for a month? How
much for a week, allowing 4 weeks to the month ?
How many shillings a day, allowing 6 working-days to
the week ?
22. If a melon is worth 8 oranges, how many melons
are 44 oranges worth ?
23. A man sold 24 hens al *he rate of 3 for a dollar ;
how many dollars did he receive ?
24. If wine is worth 24 cents a pint, what is 1 gill
worth ? What are 3 gills worth ?
25. At 80 cents a bushel, what is a peck of corn
worth ? What is a half peck worth ?
26. Five boys bought a sled for 90 cents, and sold it
for 75 cents ; sharing the loss equally, what did each
boy lose by the bargains ?
27. A man paid $35 for wood, at $7 a cord ; how
many cords did he buy ?
LES. L] ARITHMETIC. 151
28. A man paid $63 for 9 cords of wood ; what was
the price per cord ?
29. A hound is 36 rods behind a fox, and both are
running in the same direction ; but the hound gains
upon the fox 3 rods in a minute ; in how many min-
utes will the hound overtake the fox ?
30. A fox is 48 rods from a hound, and running 80
rods per minute ; but the hound is pursuing him at the
rate of 83 rods per minute ; how many minutes can
the fox run before tke hound overtakes him ?
31. What will 9 quarts of milk cost, if 6 quarts
cost 24 cents ?
32. A cask containing 56 gallons, has a pipe which
discharges 8 gallons per minute ; in how many min-
utes will the cask be emptied ?
33. There is an empty cask that will hold 84 gallons,
and, by a pipe, 12 gallons run into it in a minute ; in
how many minutes will the cask be filled ?
34 An empty cask, that will hold 48 gallons, receives
10 gallons per minute by one pipe, and discharges 6
gallons per minute by another pipe ; how many gal-
lons remain in the cask in one minute ? In what
time will the cask be filled ?
35. A vessel which contains 63 gallons of water, dis-
charges 12 gallons per minute by one pipe, and re-
ceives 9 gallons per minute by another pipe ; in how
many minutes will the vessel be emptied ?
3 6. "If 1 man can do a piece of work in 42 days, in
how many days can 7 men do it ? In how many
days can 1 2 men do it ?
37. If 1 man can do a piece of work in 55 days,
how many men can do the same in 5 days ?
38. A man can do a piece of work in 66 hours ; in
how many days can he do it if he works 11 hours
each day ?
39. A man can do a certain job in 56 hours ; how
many hours a day must he work to do it in 7 days ?
152 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IX.
40. If you wish to put 72 pounds of butter into 6
boxes, bow many pounds will you put into each box ?
41. If you put 84 pounds of butter into boxes that
will hold 7 pounds apiece, how many boxes will it take ?
42. A farmer bought 9 yards of cloth, at $4 a yard,
and paid for it with apples, at $3 a barrel ; how many
barrels did it take ?
43. Two boys are 45 rods apart, and both running
in the same direction ; the hindmost boy gains on the
other 5 rods in a minute;- in how many minutes will
he overtake him ?
44. A grocer bought 5 firkins of butter for $50,
and sold them so as to gain $10 ; what did he pay for
each firkin ? What did he gain on each ? What did
he receive for each ?
45. How many yards of cloth, at $5 a yard, may
be bought for 10 reams of paper, at $2 a ream ?
LESSON II.
1. WHAT number added to twice itself gives 15 ?
Solution. Any number plus twice the same number
is 3 times that number; therefore, 15 is 3 times the
required number, and ^ of 15, viz., 5, is the number.
2. What number added to 3 times itself gives 32 ?
3. William and George together caught 35 fishes,
.and William caught 3 as often as George caught 2 ;
how many did each boy catch ?
4. Two times a certain number, added to 3 times
the same number, make 35 ; what is the number ?
5. A boy gave 35 nuts to two of his companions,
giving 4 nuts to one of them as often as he gave 3 to
the other ; how many did he give to each ?
6. What number added to of itself gives 15 ?
7. A boy being asked how old he was, replied, I
am half as old as my sister, and the sum of our ages is
27 years ; how old was he ?
LES. II.] ARITHMETIC. 153
8. A father gave 64 cents to his two sons, giving J
as many to the younger as to the older ; how many
cents did he give to each ?
9. A boy divided 28 peaches among 3 of his corn*
panions, giving twice as many to the first as to the
second, and twice as many to the second as to the third ;
how many did he give to each ?
10. A boy gave 42 peaches to 3 of 'his companions,
giving half as many to the first as to the second, and
half as many to the second as- to the third; how many
did he give to each ?
11. A and B together have 45 marbles, and A has
J as many as B ; how many has each ?
12. A man being asked how many sheep he had,
replied that if he had what he then had, and ^ and
as many more, he should have 55 ; how many had he ?
13. A boy having 48 apples, kept 4 of them himself
and gave the rest to Reuben, David, and Samuel,
giving ^ as many to .David and ^ as many to Samuel
as to Reuben ; how many did he give to Reuben ?
14. A merchant bought a piece of cloth, at $6 a
yard, and another piece of the same length, at $2 a
yard, and afterward sold the .whole, at $4 a yard ; did
he either gain or lose by the transactions ?
15. A fruiterer employed two boys, Frank and
Arthur, to sell apples for him. The dealer intrusted
60 apples- to each boy, and told him he might sell them
at the rate of 5 apples for 2 cents, and Frank sold his
as instructed ; but Arthur thought he might sell his
more readily if he sorted them according to their
quality ; so he separated them, putting 30 apples into
one part of his basket, and the other 30 into another
part. He sold the better lot at the rate of 2 apples
for 1 cent, and the poorer lot at the rate of 3 for 1
cent. Now, did the two boys receive equal sums for
their entire stock of apples ? If not, which was the
more profitable to his employer ? How much ?
154 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IX.
16. A boy was asked how many chickens he had,
when he replied that if he had as many more, and ^
and -J- as many more and 2 chickens, he should have
70 ; how many had he ?
17. A boy being asked his age, said that if J and
of his age and 10 years more were added to his age,
the sum would be 3 times his age ; how old was he ?
18. A pole 48 feet long has one third as much in
the mud as in the water, and twice as much in the air
as in the mud and water together ; how many feet
WQre there in the water ?
1!). Suppose that A lends money at 6 per cent., in-
terest payable in bank bills, and that B buys 6 per
cent, government bonds, at 20 per cent, premium,
which makes the best investment if the bonds are pay-
able in paper in 20 years and the interest on the bonds
payable in gold annually, gold being at 50 per cent,
premium ? Why ?
20. Which is the more profitable, to lend money at
6 per cent., or to buy 5 per cent, government bonds,
at 10 per cent, premium, the other conditions being
the same as in example 19 ?
LESSON HI.
1. DIVIDE 32 into two such parts that the less part
shall have the same relation to the greater that 3 has
to 5.
Solution. 3 and 5 are 8 ; therefore, if 32 is divided
into 8 equal parts, 3 of those parts will be "the less of
the two required numbers, and 5 of them will be the
greater. 3 times \ of 32 are 12, the less part, and 5
times of 32 are 20, the greater part.
NOTE. This is usually called Ratio. The ratio of 3 to 5 is
J, and the ratio of 12 to 20 is J, which can be reduced to 3.
2. Two boys bought a melon for 40 cents, and cut
LES. Ill] ARITHMETIC. 155
it into 5 equal parts. One boy took 3 ot the parts,
and the other took 2 ; what ought each to pay ?
3. Two men hire a pasture for $60. One man keeps
5 cows in the pasture through the summer, and the
other keeps 7 ; how much ought each to pay ?
4. Two boys engage to cut a pile of wood for $33.
One boy cuts 6 cords while the other cuts 5 ; how
should the pay be divided ?
5. Two men engage in trade. One furnishes
$7000 and the other $5000, and in a year they gain
$2400 ; how should the profits be divided?
6. A, B, and C hire a pasture for $100. A pas-
tures 3 cows, B 8, and C 9 ; how many dollars ought
each to pay ?
7. David, Samuel, and John buy 80 marbles for 20
cents ; David takes 1 marble as often as Samuel takes
4, and John 5 ; how many does each take ? What
shall each pay ?
8. A and B trade in company, furnishing money
in the ratio of 4 to $5. They gain $2700 ; what is
the share of each ?
9. Two travelers, 54 miles apart, approach each
other, one at the rate of 4 miles an hour, and the other
at the rate of 5 miles an hour ; how far will each travel
before they meet ?
10. A gentleman gave 28 pears to some children ; to
each girl 4, and to each boy 3. There were as many
boys as girls ; how many pears did he give to all the
boys ? To all the girls ?
11. Sarah had 12 cents, and Nancy had 18 cents;
they paid all their money for 10 oranges; how many
oranges ought each to receive ?
12. A, B, and C traded in company. A put in
$2 as often as B put in $3, and as often as C put in
$4. They gained $63 ; what was the share of each ?
13. A man failing in business, has property valued
at $900 ; but he owes to A $300, to B $400, and to C
ir >G INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IX.
$~>00 ; what part of his debts can he pay ? How many
dollars to each creditor ?
14. Addie and Georgie together solved 60 exam-
ples, and Addie solved % as many as Georgie ; how
many did each solve?
\'t. The sum of the ages of. William and James is
:>r> years, and James ig as old as William 5 what is
the age, of each ?
1<>. Divide $24 between A and B, giving to A $1
as often as J of a dollar to B.
17. Edward had a certain number of cents, and
found J as many more, when he had 32 cents ; how
many cents will he have left after spending f of what
he found ?
18. Three men, A, B, and C, traded in company.
A put in $2 as often as B -put in $3, and C put in
such a sum that he received. $36 of the $66 gained in
the year ; what was the share of the gain received by
A and B, and how many dollars did C furnish as often
as A furnished 2?
LESSON IV.
1. A AND B traded in company. A put in $10 for
2 months, and B. put in $8 for 3 months. They gain
$88 ; what is each one's share of the gain ?
Solution. A's $10 for 2 months are the same as
$20 for 1 month, and B's 8 for 3 months are the same as
$24 for 1 month ; therefore, the total capital may be
considered $44, and A's share is ff or^\? an( l B' s
share is f f or T \ ; y\ of $88 is $40, A's share of the
gain, and T 6 T of $88 is $48, B's share.
2. A and B hire a pasture for $11. A pastures
2 horses for 5 weeks, and B pastures 3 horses for 4
weeks ; what is each one's share of the expense ?
3. Two men, A and B, hire a pasture for $10, and
agree that 2 cows shall be reckoned as I horse. A
LES. IV.] ARITHMETIC. 157
pastures 2 horses and 4 cows for 3 weeks, and B pas-
tures 3 horses and 2 cows for 2 weeks ; how many
dollars shall each pay ?
4. A, B, and C traded in company. A put in $2 as
often as B put in $3, and as often as C put in $5. 'B's
money was in twice as long as C's, and A's twice as
long as B's. They gained $38 ; what was each one's
share of the gain ?
5. A and B trade in company. A puts in $10 for
2 months, and B puts in $9 for 3 months. They lose
$94; what is the loss of each?
6. A and B cut a field of grain for $42. A works
12 days, and B works 6 days. What sum should each
receive, if B can do as much in 2' days as A can do in 3
days ? How much does A earn per day? How much B ?
7. Two men, A and- B, agree to do a piece of work
for $88. A employs 3 men 4 days, and B employs 5
men 2 days ; what part of the pay shall each have ?
How many dollars ?
8. A man divided $40 between his 4 sons and 3
daughters, giving each son J as much as each daugh-
ter ; what was the share of each ?
9. Divide 15 peaches between B and C, so that B
may have 3 peaches more than C.
10. The sum of 2 numbers is 21, and the greater
exceeds the less by 5 ; what are the numbers ?
11. A and B together have 40 cents, and A. has
10 cents less than B ; how many cents has each ?
12. David bought twice as many pears as John,
and after David had eaten 6 and John 4, they together
had 26 ; how many pears had each remaining?
13. If 2 melons are worth 12 oranges, and 8 or-
anges are worth 24 apples, how many apples shall I
give for 3 melons ?
14. If 2 oxen are worth 3 cows, and 4 cows are
worth 24 sheep, what is 1 ox worth, supposing a sheep
to be worth $7 ?
153 INTELLECTUAL [SEC. IX.
15. A hare is 7 of his own leaps before a hound,
and takes 5 leaps while the hound takes 3, but 4 of
the hound's leaps are equal to 7 of the hare's ; how
many leaps must the hound take to gain on the hare
the length of one of the hare's leaps ? How many
leaps must the hound take to catch the hare ?
Solution. Since 1 of the hound's leaps is J of a leap
of the hare, 3 of the hound's leaps are equal to ^-, or
5 of the hare's leaps ; hence, in taking 3 leaps the
hound gains ^ of one leap of the hare, and therefore he
must take 4 times 3 leaps, or 12 leaps, to gain 1 leap
of the hare ; and to gain 7 leaps, he must take 7 times
12 leaps, or 84 leaps.
16. Charlie is 10 of his own steps before John, and
takes 6 steps while John takes 5, but 3 of John's steps
are equal to 4 of Charlie's; how many steps must
John take to gain the length of one of Charlie's step* ?
How many steps can Charlie take before John will
catch him ?
17. A lady wishing to buy a certain number of
yards of silk for a dress, finds that if she pays a dollar
a yard she will have 5 dollars left ; but if she pays a
dollar and a half per yard, she must get trusted for 2
dollars ; how many yards does she wish to buy ?
18. A man and his wife would eat a sack of flour
in 15 days, and after living together for 6 days the
woman alone would consume the remainder in 24 days ;
how many days would the whole sack last the woman ?
How many days the man ?
19. A boy being asked how many hens -he had, said
that if he had half as many more and four hens and a
half, he should have 3 dozen ; how many hens had he ?
20. A farmer, questioned with regard to the num-
ber of his sheep, said that if he had as many more,
half as many more, and 2 sheep and a half, he should
have 100 ; how many had he ?
21. A boy engaged to live with a man 30 (lays, agree-
LES. IV.] ARITHMETIC. 159
ing to receive 3 shillings a day for every day he
worked, and to pay 2 shillings a day for his board
every day he played. At the end of the 30 days he
received 60 shillings ; how many days did he work ?
22. A fish's head weighs 5 pounds, his tail weighs
as much as his head added to half the weight of his
body, and his body weighs as much as his head and
tail together ; what is the weight of the fish ?
23. A and B start from towns which are 48 rniles
apart, and travel toward each other until they meet,
when it appears that ^ of the distance A has traveled
is equal to f of the distance B has traveled ; how far
has each traveled ?
24. A purse and its contents are worth 41 shillings,
and f of the value of the purse are equal to f of the
value of the contents ; what is the value of the purse ?
25. Seven times a certain number is 15 more than
4 times the same number ; what is the number ;
26. What number is that to which if its half and its
fourth be added, the sum will be 35 ?
27. What sum of money can I obtain at a bank for
a note of S3 6, payable in 90 days ?
28. If a 5 cent loaf weighs 24 ounces when flour is
worth $6 per barrel, what ought it to weigh when
flour is worth $9 per barrel ?
29. A man failing in business, is able to pay only
80 per cent, of his debts ; how much will he pay on a
debt of $30?
30. Bought 8 A lb. of honey at one time, 3^ lb. at
another time, 10| lb. at another, and 6JJ lb. at
another ; how many pounds did I buy at the four times ?
31. A, B, and C can do a certain piece of work in
4 days. A can do ^ of it in 1 day, and B can do ^ of
it in 1 day; in how man} T days can C do the whole work ?
32. A gentleman being asked the time of day, re-
plied that of the time past from noon was equal to f
of the time to come before midnight; what was the time ?
1GO
MULTIPLICATION TABLE.
Ouce
Twice
3 times
4 times
5 time*
6 times
1 is 1
1 are 2
1 are 3
1 are 4
1 are 5
1 are 6
2 2
2 4
2 6
2 8
2 10
2 12
3 3
3 6
3 9
3 12
3 15
3 18
4 4
4 8
4 12
4 16
4 20
4 24
5 5
5 10
5 15
5 20
5 25
5 30
6 6
6 12
6 18
6 24
6 30
6 36
7 7
7 14
7 21
7 28
7 35
7 42
8 8
8 16
8 24
8 32
8 40
8 48
9 9
9 IS
9 27
9 36
9 45
9 54
10 10
10 20
m so
10 40
10 50
10 60
11 11
11 22 11 33
11 44
11 55
11 66
12 12
12 21
12 36
12 48
12 60
12 72
7 times
8 times
9 times
1O times
11 times
1 times
1 are 7
1 are 8
1 arc 9
1 are 10
1 are 11
1 are 12
2 14
2 16
2 18
2 20
2 22
2 24
3 21 1 3 24
3 27
3 30
3 33
3 30
4 28' 4 32
4 36
4 40
4 44
4 48
5 35. 5 40
5 45
5 50
5 55
3 60
6 42: 6 48
6 54
6 60
6 60
6 72
7 49! 7 56
7 63
7 70
7 ' 77
7 81
8 56 8 64
8 72
8 80
8 88
8 00
y 03 y 72
9 81
9 90
9 99
108
10 7010 80
10 90
10 100
10 110
10 1:20
11 77 11 88
11 99
11 110
11 121
li \'1'2
12 81
12 96
12 108
12 120
12 132 12 114
1
I
13 times
14 times
15 times
16 times
17 times I!N times
1 are 13
1 are 14
1 are 15
1 are 16
1 are 17 I 1 are 18
2 26
2 28
2 30
2 32
2 34
2 30
3 39
3 42
3 45
3 48
3 /51
3 54
4 52
4 56
4 60
4 64
4 68
4 72
5 65
5 70
5 75
5 80
5 85
5 90
6 78
6 84
6 90
6 96
6 102
6 10S
7 91
7 98
7 105
7 112
7 119
7 120
8 104
8 112
8 120
8 128 8 136
S 14 1
9 117
9 126
9 135
9 144 9 153
9 1 _'
10 130
10 140
10 150
10 100 10 170
10 1*0
11 143
11 154
11 165
11 176 11 187 1 L V.'S-
12 156
12 168
12 180
12 192 12 201 12 L'l'i
,
MULTIPLICATION TABLE.
161
19 times
2O times
31 times
22 times
23 times
24 times
laro 19
1 arc 20
1 are 21
lare 22
1 are 23
1 are 24
2 38
2 40
2 42
2 44
2 46
2 48
3 57
3 60
3 63
3 66
3 69
3 72
4 76
4 80
4 84
4 88
4 92
4 96
5 95
5 100
5 105
5 110
5 115
5 120
6 114
6 120
6 126
6 132
6 138
6 144
7 133
7 140
7 147
7 154
7 161
7 168
8 152
8 160
8 168
8 176
8 184
8 192
9 171
9 180
9 189
9 198
9 207
9 216
10 190
10 200
10 210
10 220
10 230
10 240
11 209
11 220
11 231
11 242
11 253
11 264
12 228
12 240
12 252
12 264
12 276
12 288
i3 times
14 times
15 times
16 times
17 times
18 times
13 are 169
13 are 182
13 are 195
13 arc 208
13 are 221
13 are 234
14 182
14 196
14 210
14 224
14 238
14 252
15 195
15 210
15 225
15 240
15 255
15 270
10 208
16 224
16 240
16 256
16 272
16 288
17 221
17 238
17 255
17 272
17 289
17 306
18 234
18 252
18 270
18 288
18 306
18 324
19 247
19 266
19 285
19 304
19 323
19 342
20 260
20 280
20 300
20 320
20 340
20 360
21 273
21 294
21 315
21 336
21 357
21 378
22 286
22 308
22 330
22 352
22 374
22 396
23 299
23 322
23 345
23 S68
23 391
23 414
24 312
24 336
24 360
24 384
24 408
24 432
19 times
2O times
21 times
22 times
23 time*
24 times
13 arc 247
13 are 260
13 are 273
13 are 286
13 are 299
13 are 312
14 266
14 280
14 294
14 308
14 322
14 336
15 285
15 300
15 315
15 330
15 345
15 360
16 304
16 320
16 336
16 352
16 368
16 381
17 323
17 340
17 357
17 374
17 391
17 408
18 342
18 360
18 378
18 396
18 414
18 432
19 361
19 380
19 399
19 418
19 437
19 456
20 380
20 400
20 420
20 440
20 460
20 480
21 399
21 420
21 441
21 462
21 483
21 504
22 418
22 440
22 462
22 484
22 506
22 528
437 23 460
23 483
23 506
23 529
23 552
u.4 456 24 480
24 504
24 528
24 552
24 576
11
162
REVIEW TABLES.
EXERCISES IN ADDITION.
No. 1.
4+3
5+6
6+4
7+ 7
8+ 6
No. 2.
5+5
6+8
4+ 7
7+ 3
8+5
No. 3.
6+ 7
5+ 9
8+ 4
12+3
10+6
No. 4.
7+ 8
6 + 11
5+ 7
4 + 12
9+ 6
No. 5.
8 + 11
12+4
10+ 11
5 + 12
6+ 5
No. 6.
6 + 12
5+8
7+ 6
8+9
10+8
No. 7.
8+ 7
7+ 9
4+ 4
9+ 3
10+5
No. 8.
4+ 5
6 + 10
5 + 11
9+ 7
11 + 11
No. 9.
7 + 10
4+ 6
5+3
7 + 11
"12+8
No. 10.
11+3
4+ 8
7+ 5
12+6
11 + 10
No. 11.
8+12
11 + 7
9+9
7+ 4
8+8
No. 12.
10+4
6+9
7 + 12
11+8
4 + 10
No. 13.
12+5
11+9
10+3
12 + 11
5 + 10
No. 14.
11+6
10+7
6+3
10+9
12 + 10
No. 1$.
11+5
12+9
8 + 10
9 + 11
12 + 12
EXERCISES IN SUBTRACTION.
No. 10.
134
15 10
166
14 -12
20 10
No. 17.
15 12
137
164
189
145
No. 18.
18 3
167
13 12
196
213
No. 19.
21 10
13 11
15 7
227
20 12
No. 2O.
14 11
197
16 12
208
216
No. 21.
15 8
136
16 10
237
248
No. 22.
214
19 10
139
15 6
207
No. 23.
19 12
22 10
246
149
23 11
No. 24.
206
138
169
18 11
17 9
No. 25.
17 12
247
218
15 11
177
No. 26.
228
199
147
,165
239
No. 27.
224
217
148
17 11
186
No. 28.
219
18 8
236
229
198
No. 29.
24 10
225
168
18 7
17 8
No. 3O.
22 11
17 6
24 12
238
215
EXPLANATION These Tables are designed for a brief exercise at
the beginning or close of the daily recitation, and should be dwelt
upon until the pupil is familiar with the various combinations. Let
the pupil recite the table assigned to him, as the signs indicate ; thus,
in No. 1, 4 and 3 are 7, 6 and 6 are 11, ete. : in No. 16, 13 less 4 arc 9,
etc.; in No. 81, 6 times 8 are 48, etc.; in No. 46, 4 in 36, 9 times, etc.
REVIEW TABLES.
163
EXERCISES IN MULTIPLICATION.
No. 31.
No. 33.
No. 33.
No. 34.
No. 35.
6X8
4X5
8X2
5X7
8X9
5X4
6X6
9X4
3X8
5X5
9X3
3 X 12
7X6
6 X 12
10 X 8
7X2
5X9
10 X 3
2 X 11
6X4
8X5
7 X 11
8X7
7X8
3X7
No. 36.
No. 37.
No. 38.
No. 39.
No. 40.
7X9
9 X 12
11 X 12
5 X 10
11 X 6
4X8
4X7
12 X 11
3X3
9X2
6X5
3 X 1
6X9
12 X 5
1 X 1
8X8
6 X 11
4 X 10
9X7
12 X 3
10 X 7
5 X 8*
9X8
11 X 5
6X7
No. 41.
No. 43.
No. 43.
No. 44.
No. 45.
12 X 9
8 X 11
12 X 12
8X3
11 X 11
3 X 10
4X9
9X5
12 X 7
8X6
8X4
12 X 8
7 X 12
3 X 11
9 X 11
11 X 3
10 X H
9X6
7 X 10
8 X 12
4X4
7X5
11 X 9
5 X 12
12 X 6
EXERCISES IN DIVISION.
No. 46.
36-5-4
56-5-7
42-5-6
55-5- 11
48-5-8
No. 47.
25-5- 5
48-5-12
45-5-9
28-5-4
100 -5- 10
No. 48.
72-5-9
80-7-8
27-5-9
120-5-10
99-5-11
No. 49.
36 H- 12
49-5-7
108-5- 9
77-5-11
18-5-3
No. 5O.
88 -5- 11
84-5-12
110-5-10
99-5-9
132 -5- 12
No. 51.
81-5-9
18-7-6
20-5-4
35-5-5
88-5-8
No. 53.
60-5- 10
84-5-7
33-5-11
54-5-6
60-f- 12
, No. 53.
144 -5- 12
63-5-9
1 -5- 1
32-5-8
66 -5- 11
No. 54.
56-5-8
35-5-7
132-7- 11
60-5-5
110-5-11
No. 55.
121 -5- 11
42-5-7
96-7-12
72-5-6
54 -v- 9
No. 56.
64-5-8
48-5-6
120-5- 12
44 -5-11
70 -v- 7
No. 57.
33-5-3
72-7- 12
96-5-8
66-5-6
21-5-7
No. 5S.
45-5-5
72-5-8
63-7-7
28-5-7
108-5- 12
No. 59.
48-5-4
36-5-9
22-5- 11
30-5-6
27-5-3
No. 60.
36-5-6
40-7-8
32-5-4
30-5-3
90-7-9
The tables may be profitably used in many ways. The columns may
be added upward or downward, or substituting -f- f r > X and -5-,
add across the page. Substituting for -5- , the table for division
becomes a table for subtraction. By dividing the dividend of one ex-
ample by the divisor of another, mixed numbers maybe obtained;
thus, in Nos. 4G and 47, say 4 in 25, 5 in 36, 7 in 48, etc.
WRITTEN ARITHMETIC.
.1. ON page 26 the pupil has learned the names and
meaning of the ten Arabic figures, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9;
and on page 27 he has learned the names and uses of the
signs, $, ~, +, -, X, -T--
2. The learner has also doubtless observed that the
value of a figure depends not only on the figure itself, but
also on the place the figure occupies ; for example, 4,
standing alone, means four units, or ones ; but when the 4
is made to occupy the second place, by putting or any
other figure on the right of it, it becomes four tens ;''t\ms,
40 equals four tens, or forty ; 46 equals four tens plus six,
that is, forty-six, etc. Again, when two figures are at the
right of 4, the 4 becomes four hundreds, which equals ten
times four tens ; that is, each remove of a figure one place
toward the left makes its value ten times as much as it was
before. This will be seen in the following Table :
C S3 **
2 2 2, 2 2 2 = Two Wred and twenty-two tnonsant two nnndrcd and twenty-two.
327= Three hundred and twenty-se?en.
5, 4 9 6 = fire thousand four hundred and ninefy-sii.
6 ; 2 4 3 = Sixty thousand, two hundred and forty-three.
6 1, 3 5 = Sii nundred and one thousand, three hundred and fire.
WRITTEN ARITHMETIC. 1G5
3. Let the pupil read the following numbers :
1. 5G 5. 246 9. 3,742 13. 62,875
2. 78 6. 307 10. 5,897 14. 80,94C
3. 87 7. 843 11. 8,609 15. 384,600
4. 95 8. 960 12. 9,054 16. 987,403
4. Write the following numbers in figures :
1. Forty-seven.
2. Sixty.
3. Two hundred and seventy-nine.
4. Five hundred and eight.
5. Three thousand, five hundred and sixty-two.
6. Eight thousand and two hundred.
7. Sixty-two thousand, five hundred and twenty.
8. One hundred and six thousand, two hundred and four.
9. Four hundred thousand, four hundred and thirteen.
ADDITION.
5. BY ADDITION we find how many units there are in
two. or more numbers taken together. The result of the
addition is called the SUM, or AMOUNT.
6. To add when the amount of each column is less than
ten.
Ex. 1. A farmer sold 125 bushels of corn, 342 bushels
of oats, and 231 bushels of wheat ; how many bushels of
grain did he sell ? Ans. 698.
OPERATION.
Having set the numbers so that units stand
342 under units, tens under tens, etc., add the units ;
thus, 1 and 2 are 3, and 5 are 8, and set the 8
Sum, 698 under the column of units. Then add the tens ;
thus, 3 and 4 are 7, and 2 are 9, and set the 9
under the column of tens, and so proceed till all the col-
umns are added.
In like manner add the following examules :
2. . 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8,
143 311 126 2604 324 124 2143
235 120 '211 4132 241 371 124
421 247 242 1231 23 200 3010
166 WBITTEN ARITHMETIC.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
2101 1321 2144 2103 4162 203 2130
2234 2134 3241 412 1304 5120 3247
3120 3200 1302 3120 2013 62 1310
16. A man paid $112 for a horse, $235 for a chaise, and
$41 for a harness ; \vhat did he pay for all ?
17. A gardener has 231 apple trees, 124 pear trees, 322
peach trees, and 200 cherry trees ; how many trees has he ?
18. Add together 205, 342, 120, and 212.
19. Add together 134, 213, 401, and 141.
20. What is the sum of 1231, 8214, and 4323 V
21. What is the sum of 5100, 1424, and 2432 ?
7. To add when the amount of any column is ten or
more.
22. A man bought 4 farms. The first contained 345
acres, the second 244 acres, the third 346 acres, and the
fourth 638 acres ; how many acres were there in the 4
farms ?
OPERATION.
345 We find the sum of the units to be 23, or
244 2 tens and 3 units. We write the 3 units
346 under the column of units, and add the 2 tens
638 to the tens in the next column, making 1 7 tens,
Sum 1573 or 1 hundred and 7 tens. The 7 tens are writ-
ten in the place of tens, and the 1 hundred,
added to the hundreds in the example, giving 15 hundreds,
or 1 thousand and 5 hundreds ; and when these figures are
written in their respective places, the example is solved.
8. In the same manner add the numbers in the follow-
ing short columns ; also add across the page, as suggested by
the signs.
23. 4236*4- 3648 + 7264 + 8324 + 3663 + 2547
24. 2743 2575 8923 7087 8729 3826
25. 3254 1835 6845 3579 5273 9483
26. 2572 1247 3468 9200 6004 6245
27. 2356 -|- 1427 + 3240 -f 5124 + 6312 + 2436
28. 5123 4172 3361 2534 1523 8240
29. 3245 1843 C024 3201 5430 5376
30. 2600 3412 5103 7120 6004 8241
WRITTEN ARITHMETIC. 167
31. 4235 + 1063 -f 2714 + 3026 + 8124 + 3654
32. 6004 2130 184 24 381 298
33. 2146 401 8002 315 84 5423
34. 2401 7103 516 284 511 27
35. 1020 24 33 4123 871 4820
36. 36427 -f 45326 -f- 52674 + 38956 -f 2138
37. 54163 3402 254 4672 4694
38. 72412 68240 3529 388 5368
39. 43675 367 87006 54 2846
40. 12341 3412 61 4102 3714
41. A grain-dealer bought 375 bushels of wheat of A,
564 bushels of B, 2346 bushels of C,and 897 bushels of D ;
how many bushels of wheat did he buy ?
42. I paid $3464 for a farm, $4875 for a house, Si 5625
for a mill, and $3875 for 30 shares of the Boston and Maine
Railroad stock ; how much did I pay for all this property ?
43. How many are 63 + 79 + 144 + 28 ? Am. 314.
44. How many are 469 + 8742 + 92748 + 869 ?
SUBTRACTION.
9, BY SUBTRACTION we take a less number from a
greater number to find their difference.
The greater number is called the MINUEND; the less
number, the SUBTRAHEND ; the difference, the REMAIN-
DER.
10. To subtract when no figure in tho subtrahend is
larger than the figure over it.
Ex. 1. From 748 take 236.
OPERATION.
Minuend, , If. Taking 6 from 8 leaves 2, 3 from 4
Subtrahend,_236 leaveg ^ ? from ? Iea '
Remainder, 512 fore, the remainder is 512.
2. 3. 4. 5.
From 7658 5703 8287 68295
Take 3427 4301 3144 36241
Ans. 4231
7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
From 87426 70827 3547 7G13 35784
Take 45105 40326 2136 2431 13251
1G8 WRITTEN ARITHMETIC.
12. A farmer bought a farm for $3625, and sold it for
$4986 ; how much did he gain ? Ans. $1361.
13. In 1860 the population of Maine was 628276, and
that of New Hamsphire was 326072 ; how many more peo-
ple were there in Maine than in New Hampshire ?
11. To subtract when any figure in the subtrahend is
greater than the figure over it.
14. From 982 take 137.
OPERATION. As we cannot take 7 units from 2 units,
Mm. 982 one O f th e i ens j g p u t w jth the two units, mak-
Sub. 137 j n j 12 units; and then 7 units from 12 units
Hem. 845 leave 5 units. Now as one of the 8 tens has
been put with the 2 units, only 7 tens remain
in the minuend, and 3 tens from 7 tens leave 4 tens ; and,
finally, 1 hundred from 9 hundreds leaves 8 hundreds;
therefore, the entire remainder is 845.
12. In the same manner solve the following examples,
taking each lower number from the one over it in each ex-
ample ; also subtract in the manner indicated by the signs.
< 6379 3245 8268 7614 8078 5384
'j 2184 1528 3427 2817 2635 1748
( 7683 3846 9463 4879 5009 2743
- 1 5947 1072 8270 3948 2746 1834
( 8725 3684 7000 4763 59483609
'J6943 2948 3749 3623 4782 2948
(5402 3712 8760 2487 9046-8697
J4802 824 4837 948 5609 849
( 6948 3879 5608 3742 5907 3764
(4062 2983 4924 936 3298 2643
( 7829 6420 7869 3942 6308 5380
u '} 943 784 3842 984 5709 648
C 8037 4682 9293 6354 8725 3648
* | 5643 3486 80624630 4592 2000
9 5 9999 6849 6849 5468 8234 6845
"I 7864 5986 3784 2407 3729 2698
23. Washington was born in 1732, and died in 1799;
at what age did he die ?
24. Methuselah died at the age of 969 years, and
Washington at 6 7 ; what was the difference of their ages ?
WRITTEN ARITHMETIC. 1G9
25. A merchant sold goods for $3427, and thereby
gained $1224 ; what did the goods cost him ?
26. In a certain battle 27345 men were engaged on
one side, and 23598 on the other; how many more were
engaged on one side than on the other ?
27. The distance round the earth is about 24856 miles,
and the distance through it is about 7912 miles ; how much
further round it than through it ?
28. How many years have passed since the discovery
of America in 1492 ?
MULTIPLICATION.
13. BY MULTIPLICATION we find how many units
there are in any number of times a given number.
The number to be repeated is called the MULTIPLI-
CAND ; the number which shows how many times the mul-
tiplicand is to be taken is called the MULTIPLIER ; the re-
sult of the multiplication is called the PRODUCT. The
Multiplicand and Multiplier are called FACTORS.
14. To multiply by a single figure.
Ex. 1. In 1 bushel there are 32 quarts ; how many
quarts are there in 9 bushels ?
OPERATION. Having set the factors as in the mar-
Multiplicand, 32 gin, we say, 9 times 2 units are 18 units
Multiplier, 9 = 1 ten and 8 units; write the 8 units
Product 288 * n un i ts> place, an d tnen Sa 7 9 times 3
tens are 27 tens, which, increased by
the 1 ten previously obtained, make 28 tens = 2 hundreds
and 8 tens, and these, written in the place of hundreds
and tens respectively, give the true product, 288qt.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Multiplicand, 364
Multiplier, 3
573
4
7243
5
436
6
3405
7
Product, 1092
2292
36215
2616
23835
7. 8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
3259 2085
3706
8765
7432
5984
6 4
2
8
5
6
170 WRITTEN ARITHMETIC.
13. If 1 horse is worth $125, what are 7 horses worth ?
14. In 1 year there are 365 days; how many days are
there in 3 years ?
15. If the President of the United States saves $5648
in 1 year, how much, at the same rate, will he save in 4
years ?
16. How many yards of cloth are therein 9 bales, each
bale containing 625 yards ?
1 7. Multiply 356 by 7. 21. 3742 X 8 = ?
18. Multiply 874 by 3. 22. 6536 X 6 = ?
19. Multiply 368 by 5. 23. 3042 X 2 = ?
20. Multiply 759 by 4. 24. 7608 X 9 = ?
15. To multiply by two or more figures.
25. How many quarts are there in 49 bushels ?
u OPERATION. First multiply by 9, as though 9
Multiplicand, 32 were the only figure in the multi-
Multiplier, 49 plicr; then multiply by 4, and set
Partial f 288 t ^ ie ^ rst ^S ure f tn ^ s product under
Products "1 1 28 tQe 4 ; finally, add the partial prod-
ucts together, and the sum will be
True product, 1568 the true product.
16. In the same manner solve the following examples,
multiplying each upper number by the one under it in each
example ; also multiply in the manner indicated by the signs*
, ( 345 X 24 504 X 32 7063 X 25
D< | 37 X 56 56 X45 62 X 74
97 ? 432X243 524X325 540X367
* I 724 X 36 464 X 426 842 X 304
9 ( 4326 X 28 6304 X 56 3068 X 384
5 '| 325X32 542X72 247X265
( 5648 X 59 4008 X 63 5308 X 872
( 364 X 38 3604 X 75 204"6 X 635
j 3564 X 48 9604 X 49 6350 X 358
j 2435X84 376X84 4635X496
5642 X 67 4768 X 95 3465 X 386
325X84 347X46 7308X947
.32. If a steamboat sails 288 miles per day, how far will
she sail in 27 days?
WRITTEN ARITHMETIC. 171
DIVISION.
17. BY DIVISION we find how many times one number
is contained in another.
The number to be divided, is called the DIVIDEND ;
the number by which to divide is called the DIVISOR;
the number of times the dividend contains the divisor is
called the QUOTIENT. If anything is left after dividing,
it is called the REMAINDER.
1. To perform Short Division.
Ex. 1. How many weeks are there in 364 days ?
OPERATION. In dividing we first say, 7 in
Divisor, 7)364 Dividend. 36, 5 times and 1 remainder;
Quotient 52 set * ne q u ti ent 5, under the 6
of the dividend, and then, im-
agining the remainder, 1, placed before the 4, say, 7 in 14,
2 times ; set the 2 under the 4, and thus we find the quo-
tient, 52. This process is called Short Division.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Divisor, 6)102 Dividend. 5)875 8)432 6)456
Quotient, 27
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
7)4417 8)4504 2)1764 3)2847 5)3465
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
4)2296 9)2916 7)3122 8)4320 6)3?16
16. How much sugar, at 9 cents a pound, can be bought
for 342 cents, or $3.42 ? Ans. 38lb.
1 7. How many pigs, at $5 each, can be bought for $285 ?
18. If a horse travels 7 miles per hour, in how many
hours will he travel 1001 miles ?
19. Divide 161 by 7. 24. 9732 -4 = ?
20. Divide 204 by 6. 25. 1768 2 ?
21. Divide 475 by 5. 26. 7648 8 ?
22. Divide 345 by 3. 27.4428 6 ? '
23. Divide 846 by 9. 28. 3762 9:=:?
172
WRITTEN ARITHMETIC.
45_
43
i
72
72
19. To perform Long Division.
Ex. 29. Paid $4932 for 9 acres of land \ what was the
price per acre ?
Having set the divisor and dividend as in
Short Division, draw a curve at the right of the
dividend, and then say, 9 in 49, 5 times, and set
the 5 at the right of the dividend. Then
multiply the divisior by the quotient, 5, and set
the product, 45, under the 49 of the dividend,
and substract the 45 from the 49. To the re-
mainder, 4, annex 3, the next figure of the
dividend, so forming a new partial dividend,
and then say, 9 in 43, 4 times, and set the 4 as
the next figure of the quotient. Multiply the divisor by
this new quotient-figure, and substract the product from the
Sartial dividend. Proceed in this manner until the whole
ividend has been divided. This is called Long Division.
2O. In the same manner solve the following examples ;
also divide in the manner indicated by the signs.
32.
13)4753(365
85
~73
_65
Remainder, 8
90090195
4095 15
S51900-7-391
9775 23
12463 816
3746 24
30.
8)3568(446
36
48
48
31.
12)6564(547
60
~66
48
84
84
33.
Divide 1728 72
By 144 12
o, ( Divide 309 120 805
(By 25760 23
Q - (Divide 46385 563
5 '{By 2435 42
(Divide 54687 348
Sb 'JBy 2731 16
27462-
3724 39
948
87. How much tea, at 35 cents per pound, can be bought
for $8. 75?
WRITTEN ARITHMETIC 173
38. How much flour, at $9 per barrel, can be bought for
$3762?
3D. In how many days can a man walk 252 miles, if he
walks 21 miles per day ?
40. How many days are there in 1 728 hours ?
41. How many dollars in 3168 shillings, if 6 shillings make
a dollar ? If 8 shillings make a dollar ?
42. In how many days will a ship sail 5040 miles, if ghe
sails 144 miles per day ?
43. A drover paid $1431 for 27 oxen ; what was the av-
erage price per ox ?
44. In how many hours will a locomotive run 1225 miles,
if it runs 25 miles per hour ?
45. A farmer raised 1458 bushels of corn on 27 acres;
how many bushels per acre did he raise ?
REDUCTION.
21. From the Lessons in Section V, the learner will
readily see the nature of the following examples. The
changing or reducing numbers from one name or denomi-
nation to another, without altering their values, is called
REDUCTION.
1. In 3bush. 2pk. 5qt. Ipt. how many pints ?
OPERATION.
bigh.pk.qt.pt. Mult | ply t]ie 3 by4 to change the
4 bushels to pecks ; to the product, 12, add
the 2pk. given in the example, and the
14 pk. result is 14pk. ; then multiply the 14 by 8
8 to cnan S e tnc pecks to quarts ; to the pro-
117qt duct, 112, add the 5qt. in the example,
2 and the result is 1 1 7qt. ; so proceed till
- the example is solved.
235 pt, Ans.
2. In 5gal. 3qt. Ipt. 2gi. how many gills ?
3. In 3 4s. 9d. Sqr. how many farthings ?
4. In 3wk. 4d. 6h. 12m. 20sec. how many seconds?
5. In 4yd. 2ft. 7in. how many inches ?
6. Reduce 7yd. 3qr. 2na. to nails.
7. Reduce 3sq.m. 320a. 2r. 20sq. rd. to rods.
8. Reduce 3c. 5c.ft. 12cu.ft. 1654c.in. to inches.
174 WRITTEN ARITHMETIC.
9. Change 1843qr. to pounds, shillings, etc.
OPERATION. First divide by 4 to reduce the far-
t)1843qr. things to pence, giving 460d. and 3qr. ;
12)460d. + 3qr. then divide the 460 by 12 to reduce pence
to shillings, giving 38s. and 4d. ; then di-
4a< vide the 38 by 20 to reduce shillings to
l -f- 18s. pounds, and thus obtain the Ans.
ylns.ll8s.4d.8qr.
10. Change 387na. to yards, quarters, etc.
11. Change l6879gr.Troy Weight to pounds, ounces, etc
12. Change 1 68 79gr. Apothecaries' Weight to pounds, etc,
13. Change 71G893dr. to tons, etc.
14. Reduce 5327rd. to miles, furlongs, etc.
15. Reduce 47386sq. in. to square yards, etc.
16. Reduce 356482c. in. to cubic yards, etc.
1 7. Reduce 876gi. to gallons, quarts, etc.
18. Reduce 647pt. to bushels, pecks, etc.
19. Reduce 753986sec. to weeks, days, etc.
20. At 5c. a gill, what will 3gal. 2qt. Ipt. 3gi.of wine cost ?
21. At 3c. apiece, what will 3 gross, 5 dozen, and 6 but-
tons cost ?
22. At 2c. a sheet, what will 3 reams, 6 quires, and 8
sheets of paper cost?
23. At $1G per ounce, what are 3 Ib. 7oz. of gold worth ?
24. At 2c. per ounce, what are 15 Ib. 14oz. of iron worth ?
25. At 2c. a pint, what are Sbush. 3pk. 6qt. Ipt. of corn
worth ?
26. If loz. of iron will make 3 nails, how many nails may
be made of 7 Ib. 15oz. of iron ?
27. At 2c. a pint, what are 5gal. 2qt. Ipt. of milk worth ?
28. At 3c. apiece, what are 6 dozen and 9 oranges worth ?
29. At 2c. apiece, what are 3 score and 15 lemons worth ?
MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES.
1. Mr. Stone had 364 acres of land in one piece, and
274 acres in another piece ; but he has sold 125 acres from
the first, and 94 acres from the other ; how many acres has
he now ?
2. Mr. Pray paid $115 for one piece of carpet, and
$112 for another; he sold both pieces for $250 ; how much
did he gain V
WRITTEN ARITHMETIC. 175
3. What is the value of 65 acres of land at $137 per
acre?
4. How many men are there in a regiment of 15 com-
panies, having 133 men in each company ?
5. What will 36 barrels of flour cost, if 9 barrels cost
$99?
6. What will 13 acres of land cost, if 52 acres cost
$7488?
7. If 12 men can cut 60 cords of wood in a week, how
many cords can 1 7 men cut in the same time ?
8. How many rods are there in 875 miles, 5 furlongs,
and 33 rods?
9. How many farthings are there in 354 17s. 9d. Iqr. ?
10. A man has two farms which together contain 432
acres, and one farm is 7 times as large as the other ; how
many acres are there in each ?
11. Divide 1728 into two such parts that the first shall
be 11 times as large as the second.
12. Reduce 940819 drams to tons, etc.
13. Reduce 907336 seconds to weeks, days, etc.
14. If a man* can walk 23 miles per day, in how many
days can he walk 391 miles?
15. A road-builder employed 33 men, giving the same
wages to each, and at the end of 2 months it took $1584 to
pay them ; what were the wages of each per month ?
16. In a certain house there are 8 rooms, having 3 win-
dows in each room, and 12 panes of glass in each window ;
how many panes of glass are there in the house ?
1 7. A merchant having 3 pieces of cloth measuring 63yd.,
45yd., and 56yd. severally, sold 22yd. from the first, 31yd.
from the second, and 14yd. from the third ; how many
yards had he remaining?
18. Mr. Holt owed $3462, but paid $1362 in May, and
$897 in June ; how much did he still owe?
19. How many are 876 -f 392 -f 648 987 ?
20. How many are 689 -f- 9642 + 87 398?
21. From the sum of 384 and 426, take the difference
between 567 and 432.
22. How many are 876 X 43 ? 968 X 382 ?
23. How many are 1584 -r- 66? 21364-^763?
24. How many are 38X46 24 X 26 ?
25. How many are 87 X 33 + 36 X 27 ?
26. What cost 54 tons of hay, at $18 per ton ?
17G WRITTEN ARITHMETIC.
27. A farmer sold 75 bushels of wheat, at $2 per bushel,
for which he received 15 yards of cloth, at $4 per yard, and
the balance in money ; how much money did he receive?
28. A man's income is $1687 a year, and his expenses
an i Si a day ; what does he save in a year of 365 days ?
29. The earth, in going round the sun, moves 19 miles
per second ; how far does it move in an hour ?
30. Light moves 192000 miles in a second; how far does
it move in an hour ?
31. I owe 3 notes, whose sum is $368. One of these
notes is for $ 1 25, another for $84 ; for what is the third one ?
32. A and B start from the same place, and travel in the
Fmne direction, A at the rate of 48 miles, and B G4 miles
per day ; how far apart are they in 1 day ? In 24 days ?
33. A and B start from the same place, and travel in op-
posite directions, A at the rate of 36 miles, and B 44 miles,
per day ; how far apart are they in 35 days ?
34. The President of the United States receives a salary
of $25000 a year; what will he save in a year of 365 days,
if his expenses are &40 per day ?
35. In 1 hogshead of wine there are (?3 gallons ; how
many gallons in 36 hogsheads ?
36. How many yards of cloth in 25 bales, each bale con-
taining 54 pieces, and each piece 36 yards ?
37. The last transit of Venus across the sun's face was
in 1769, and the next will be in 1874 ; how many years
between these two transits ?
38. Bonaparte was born in the year 1769, and lived 52.
years ; in what year did he die ?
39. The first settlement in New England was made at
Plymouth in 1620 ; how many years is it since that time ?
40. How long since the Declaration of American Inde^
pendence in 1776 ?
41. A rectangular piece of ground- is 72 rods long and
36 rods wide ; how many square rods are there in the piece ?
How many rods is it round the piece ?
42. Apiece of ground is 42 rods square; what will it
cost to build a wall around it, at &2 : per rod ? What is the
piece of ground worth, at $3 per square rod?
-\
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
STANDARD ARITHMETICS.
EATOiVS COMPLETE SERIES,
ADAPTED TO THE BEST MODE OF INSTltt'CTIOX.
TIIK 1-T1.I
I. Eaton's Irimai.'y Aril lime tie.
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III. JSatoiiV* C'ormiio * Hioliool A.r ilium e tie
IV. Eaton's IVew r JLVo:il Lsc; on- A-i'ltlxinotio
Till ISUKD BY
1. TIic thorough and scientific manner in which all the principles ar
developed and illustrated.
2. T' -aid brevity of its rules and definitions.
3. The logical and satisfactory explanations.
4. The prominence of* ANALYSIS throughout the scries.
5. The practical character o f each '
G. The lieiny based upon the inductive and analytical plan, which tcnclu
ihe i)iipil to thi.ilc aui
7. The mechanical style in wlre'i tho books are manufactured.
THE PEIMAEY"~AEITEMETIO
Follows the same general plan, Improved w'jich has made COLBURX'
i in mental arithmetic, for the las
quarter of a ! essentially to be a Primary Jiooi
and to render the subject of numbers ATTRACTIVE and K.\SY ft
THE INTELLECTUAL AEITHMETIO,
This is a new Mental Arithmetic, for advanced classes, on the a^ov
plan. While it will retain tin- x .! 'nioes of the system of "\VAKHK
RN, it will contain tlie iiapro\ oments in teaching developed sine
Jus time.
THE COMMON SCHOOL AEITHMETIC
Js a complete text-book on the subject of Written Arithmetic, designe
for use in all COMMON ?id GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.
THE NEW TEEATISE ON WRITTEN AEITHMETIO
Is the most thorough and scientific troal'-: on this subject which has ev<
appeared. The accurate style of rea>omii, ir.d the philosophical arrang-
ud development of topi a for this book a large circul
tion. It is desi^u^d foi Grammar and High Schools, and Academies.
These books have the unqualified recommendation of the most prom
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